Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
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| '''Pierre-Joseph Proudhon'''([[January 15]], [[1809]] – [[January 19]], [[1865]]) was a [[French people|French]] [[Mutualism (economic theory)|mutualist]] political philosopher of the [[socialist]] tradition. He was the first individual to call himself an "[[anarchism|anarchist]]" and is considered among the first [[Anarchism|anarchist]] thinkers. He was a workingman, a printer, who taught himself to read Latin so as to print books in that language well. Proudhon is most famous for his assertion that "[[Property is theft!]]", in ''[[What is Property?|What is Property? Or, an Inquiry into the Principle of Right and Government]]'' (original title: ''Qu'est-ce que la propriété? Recherche sur le principe du droit et du gouvernement''), his first major work, published in 1840. | '''Pierre-Joseph Proudhon'''([[January 15]], [[1809]] – [[January 19]], [[1865]]) was a [[French people|French]] [[Mutualism (economic theory)|mutualist]] political philosopher of the [[socialist]] tradition. He was the first individual to call himself an "[[anarchism|anarchist]]" and is considered among the first [[Anarchism|anarchist]] thinkers. He was a workingman, a printer, who taught himself to read Latin so as to print books in that language well. Proudhon is most famous for his assertion that "[[Property is theft!]]", in ''[[What is Property?|What is Property? Or, an Inquiry into the Principle of Right and Government]]'' (original title: ''Qu'est-ce que la propriété? Recherche sur le principe du droit et du gouvernement''), his first major work, published in 1840. | ||
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| + | The book's publication attracted the attention of the French authorities. It also attracted the scrutiny of [[Karl Marx]], who started a correspondence with its author. The two influenced each other: they met in [[Paris]] while Marx was exiled there. Their friendship finally ended when Marx responded to Proudhon's ''[[The System of Economic Contradictions, or The Philosophy of Poverty]]'' with the provocatively titled ''[[The Poverty of Philosophy]]''. | ||
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| + | The dispute became one of the sources of the split between the anarchist and [[marxist]] wings of the [[International Working Men's Association]]. Some, such as [[Edmund Wilson]], have contended that Marx's attack on Proudhon had its origin in the latter's defense of [[Karl Grün]], whom Marx bitterly disliked but who had been preparing translations of Proudhon's work. | ||
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| + | Proudhon favored [[workers' associations]] or [[co-operatives]], as well as individual worker/[[peasant]] ownership, over socialisation of land and workplaces. He considered that [[social revolution]] could be achieved in a peaceful manner. | ||
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| + | In ''The]] Confessions of a Revolutionary'' Proudhon asserted that, ''[[Anarchy is Order]]'', the phrase which much later inspired, in the view of some, the anarchist [[Anarchist symbolism#Circle-A|''circled-A'']] symbol, today "one of the most common [[graffiti]] on the urban landscape." | ||
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| + | He unsuccessfully tried to create a [[national bank]], to be funded by what became an abortive attempt at an [[income tax]] on [[capitalists]] and [[stockholders]]. Similar in some respects to a [[credit union]], it would have given interest-free [[loans|loans]]. | ||
| == To be governed is ...== | == To be governed is ...== | ||
Revision as of 21:24, 14 January 2009
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Pierre-Joseph Proudhon(January 15, 1809 – January 19, 1865) was a French mutualist political philosopher of the socialist tradition. He was the first individual to call himself an "anarchist" and is considered among the first anarchist thinkers. He was a workingman, a printer, who taught himself to read Latin so as to print books in that language well. Proudhon is most famous for his assertion that "Property is theft!", in What is Property? Or, an Inquiry into the Principle of Right and Government (original title: Qu'est-ce que la propriété? Recherche sur le principe du droit et du gouvernement), his first major work, published in 1840.
The book's publication attracted the attention of the French authorities. It also attracted the scrutiny of Karl Marx, who started a correspondence with its author. The two influenced each other: they met in Paris while Marx was exiled there. Their friendship finally ended when Marx responded to Proudhon's The System of Economic Contradictions, or The Philosophy of Poverty with the provocatively titled The Poverty of Philosophy.
The dispute became one of the sources of the split between the anarchist and marxist wings of the International Working Men's Association. Some, such as Edmund Wilson, have contended that Marx's attack on Proudhon had its origin in the latter's defense of Karl Grün, whom Marx bitterly disliked but who had been preparing translations of Proudhon's work.
Proudhon favored workers' associations or co-operatives, as well as individual worker/peasant ownership, over socialisation of land and workplaces. He considered that social revolution could be achieved in a peaceful manner. [[ In The]] Confessions of a Revolutionary Proudhon asserted that, Anarchy is Order, the phrase which much later inspired, in the view of some, the anarchist circled-A symbol, today "one of the most common graffiti on the urban landscape."
He unsuccessfully tried to create a national bank, to be funded by what became an abortive attempt at an income tax on capitalists and stockholders. Similar in some respects to a credit union, it would have given interest-free loans.
To be governed is ...
- "To be GOVERNED is to be watched, inspected, spied upon, directed, law-driven, numbered, regulated, enrolled, indoctrinated, preached at, controlled, checked, estimated, valued, censured, commanded, by creatures who have neither the right nor the wisdom nor the virtue to do so. To be GOVERNED is to be at every operation, at every transaction noted, registered, counted, taxed, stamped, measured, numbered, assessed, licensed, authorized, admonished, prevented, forbidden, reformed, corrected, punished. It is, under pretext of public utility, and in the name of the general interest, to be place[d] under contribution, drilled, fleeced, exploited, monopolized, extorted from, squeezed, hoaxed, robbed; then, at the slightest resistance, the first word of complaint, to be repressed, fined, vilified, harassed, hunted down, abused, clubbed, disarmed, bound, choked, imprisoned, judged, condemned, shot, deported, sacrificed, sold, betrayed; and to crown all, mocked, ridiculed, derided, outraged, dishonored. That is government; that is its justice; that is its morality." (Pierre-Joseph Proudhon)
