Pierre Lévy  

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-'''Collective intelligence''' is a shared or group [[intelligence]] that emerges from the collaboration and competition of many individuals. Collective intelligence appears in a wide variety of forms of [[consensus decision making]] in bacteria, animals, humans, and computer networks. The study of collective intelligence may properly be considered a subfield of [[sociology]], of [[Prediction market|business]], of [[computer science]], of mass communications and of [[mass behavior]]—a field that studies collective behavior from the level of quarks to the level of bacterial, plant, animal, and human societies. +'''Pierre Lévy''' (born 1956) is a Tunisian-born [[French people|French]] philosopher, [[Culture theory|cultural theorist]] and [[media scholar]] who specializes in the understanding of the cultural and cognitive implications of digital technologies and the phenomenon of human collective intelligence.
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-The above definition has emerged from the writings of [[Peter Russell]] (1983), [[Tom Atlee]] (1993), [[Pierre Lévy]] (1994), [[Howard Bloom]] (1995), [[Francis Heylighen]] (1995), [[Douglas Engelbart]], [[Cliff Joslyn]], [[Ron Dembo]], [[Gottfried Mayer-Kress]] (2003) and other theorists. Collective intelligence is referred to as '''Symbiotic intelligence''' by [[Norman Lloyd Johnson|Norman L. Johnson]].+
-== See also ==+
- +
-* [[Bees algorithm]]+
-* [[Cellular automaton]]+
-* [[Civic intelligence]]+
-* [[Collaborative filtering]]+
-* [[Collaborative human interpreter]]+
-* [[Collaborative innovation network]]+
-* [[Collaborative intelligence]]+
-* [[Collaborative software]]+
-* [[Collective action]]+
-* [[Collective consciousness]]+
-* [[Collective decision-making]]+
-* [[Collective effervescence]]+
-* [[Collective memory]]+
-* [[Connectivity (graph theory)]]+
-* [[Crowd psychology]]+
-* [[Crowdsourcing]]+
-* [[Customer engagement]]+
-* [[Cybernetics]]+
-* [[Dispersed knowledge]]+
-* [[Distributed cognition]]+
-* [[Enterprise bookmarking]]+
-* [[Global brain]]+
-* [[Global Consciousness Project]]+
-* [[Group behaviour]]+
-* [[Group mind (science fiction)]]+
-* [[Facilitation (business)]]+
-* [[Facilitator]]+
-* [[Human-based computation]]+
-* [[Hundredth monkey effect]]+
-* [[Information Routing Group]]+
-* [[Keeping up with the Joneses]]+
-* [[Knowledge ecosystem]]+
-* [[Meme]]+
-* [[MIT Center for Collective Intelligence]]+
-* [[Noosphere]]+
-* [[Open-space meeting]]+
-* [[Open source intelligence]]+
-* [[Prediction Markets]]+
-* [[Preference elicitation]]+
-* [[Recommendation system]]+
-* [[Smart mob]]+
-* [[Social commerce]]+
-* [[Social information processing]]+
-* [[Stigmergy]]+
-* [[Superorganism]]+
-* [[Swarm Intelligence]]+
-* [[Think tank]]+
-* [[Wiki]]+
-* ''[[The Wisdom of Crowds]]''+
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Pierre Lévy (born 1956) is a Tunisian-born French philosopher, cultural theorist and media scholar who specializes in the understanding of the cultural and cognitive implications of digital technologies and the phenomenon of human collective intelligence.



Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Pierre Lévy" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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