Pluralistic ignorance
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| - | '''"The Emperor's New Clothes"''' (''Keiserens nye Klæder'') is a [[fairy tale]] by [[Denmark|Danish]] [[poet]] and [[author]] [[Hans Christian Andersen]] about an emperor who [[unwittingly]] hires two [[swindler]]s to create a new suit of clothes for him. The tale was first published in [[1837]] as part of ''Eventyr, fortalte for Børn'' (''Fairy Tales, Told for Children''). | + | In [[social psychology]], '''pluralistic ignorance''' is a situation in which a majority of group members privately reject a norm, but incorrectly assume that most others accept it, and therefore go along with it.<ref>Katz, Daniel, and Floyd H. Allport. 1931. Student Attitudes. Syracuse, N.Y.: Craftsman</ref> This is also described as "no one believes, but everyone thinks that everyone believes." In short, pluralistic ignorance is a bias about a social group, held by a social group. |
| - | The tale is one of Andersen's most popular. It appears often in selected tales collections of his work and is frequently published in illustrated storybook editions for children. The tale has seen adaptations in [[animated film]], and television drama. | + | ==See also== |
| - | ==Plot== | + | * [[Abilene paradox]] |
| - | An Emperor who cares for nothing but his wardrobe hires two weavers who promise him the finest suit of clothes from a fabric [[invisible]] to anyone who is unfit for his position or "just hopelessly [[stupid]]". The Emperor cannot see the cloth himself, but pretends that he can for fear of appearing unfit for his position or stupid; his ministers do the same. When the swindlers report that the suit is finished, they dress him in mime and the Emperor then marches in procession before his subjects. A child in the crowd calls out that the Emperor is wearing nothing at all and the cry is taken up by others. The Emperor [[cringe]]s, suspecting the assertion is true, but holds himself up proudly and continues the procession. | + | * [[Conformity]] |
| - | ==Use as an idiom== | + | * [[Groupthink]] |
| - | The phrase "emperor's new clothes" has become an [[idiom]] about [[Fallacy|logical fallacies]]. The story may be explained by [[pluralistic ignorance]]. | + | * [[False consensus]] |
| + | * [[Peer pressure]] | ||
| + | * [[Political correctness]] | ||
| + | * [[Silent majority]] | ||
| + | * [[Spiral of silence]] | ||
| + | * [[Social norms marketing]] | ||
| + | * [[The Emperor's New Clothes]] | ||
| + | * [[Thomas theorem]] | ||
| - | The story is about a situation where "no one believes, but everyone believes that everyone else believes. Or alternatively, everyone is ignorant to whether the Emperor has clothes on or not, but believes that everyone else is not ignorant." | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==See also== | ||
| - | * [[The Courtier's Reply]] | ||
| - | * [[Elephant in the room]] | ||
| - | * [[Polite fiction]] | ||
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In social psychology, pluralistic ignorance is a situation in which a majority of group members privately reject a norm, but incorrectly assume that most others accept it, and therefore go along with it.<ref>Katz, Daniel, and Floyd H. Allport. 1931. Student Attitudes. Syracuse, N.Y.: Craftsman</ref> This is also described as "no one believes, but everyone thinks that everyone believes." In short, pluralistic ignorance is a bias about a social group, held by a social group.
See also
- Abilene paradox
- Conformity
- Groupthink
- False consensus
- Peer pressure
- Political correctness
- Silent majority
- Spiral of silence
- Social norms marketing
- The Emperor's New Clothes
- Thomas theorem
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Pluralistic ignorance" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
