Sofonisba Anguissola
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| - | The first international exhibition of art by female artists opened on December 21, 1976 at a time when the [[Feminist Art Movement]] was gaining in support and momentum. The show was curated by Professors [[Ann Sutherland Harris]] and [[Linda Nochlin]] and included eighty-three artists from twelve countries. The four-city exhibition was organized by the [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]] and was on view there from December 21, 1976 through March 1977. The exhibition went on to show at the University Art Museum in Austin, Texas and then to the [[Carnegie Museum of Art]] in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, after which it completed its run at the [[Brooklyn Museum]] in New York. The Alcoa Foundation and the [[National Endowment for the Arts]] provided grants for the exhibition. The show became an important event in the history of art, introducing viewers, who were accustomed to a history of art dominated by men, to the important contributions of women artists. | + | '''Sofonisba Anguissola''' (c. 1532 – 16 November 1625) was an [[Italian Renaissance painting|Italian Renaissance]] painter born in [[Cremona]] to a relatively poor noble family. She received a well-rounded education that included the [[fine art]]s, and her apprenticeship with local painters set a precedent for women to be accepted as students of art. As a young woman, Anguissola traveled to [[Rome]] where she was introduced to [[Michelangelo]], who immediately recognized her talent, and to [[Milan]], where she painted the [[Duke of Alba]]. The Spanish queen, [[Elizabeth of Valois]], was a keen amateur painter and in 1559 Anguissola was recruited to go to [[Madrid]] as her tutor, with the rank of [[lady-in-waiting]]. She later became an official court painter to the king, [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]], and adapted her style to the more formal requirements of official portraits for the Spanish court. After the queen's death, Philip helped arrange an aristocratic marriage for her. She moved to [[Sicily]], and later [[Pisa]] and [[Genoa]], where she continued to practice as a leading [[portrait painter]]. |
| - | ==List of artists== | + | Her most distinctive and attractive paintings are her portraits of herself and her family, which she painted before she moved to the Spanish court. In particular, her depictions of children were fresh and closely observed. At the Spanish court she painted formal state portraits in the prevailing official style, as one of the first, and most successful, of the relatively few female [[court painter]]s. Later in her life she also painted religious subjects, although many of her [[Christian art|religious paintings]] have been lost. In 1625, she died at age 93 in [[Palermo]]. |
| - | Below is a list of artists in the show. | + | |
| - | * [[Sofonisba Anguissola]] | + | Anguissola's example, as much as her oeuvre, had a lasting influence on subsequent generations of artists, and her great success opened the way for larger numbers of women to pursue serious careers as artists. Her paintings can be seen at galleries in [[Boston]] ([[Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum]]); [[Milwaukee]] ([[Milwaukee Art Museum]]); [[Bergamo]]; [[Brescia]]; [[Budapest]]; [[Madrid]] ([[Museo del Prado]]); [[Naples]]; [[Siena]]; and at the [[Uffizi Gallery]] in [[Florence]]. |
| - | * [[Vanessa Bell]] | + | |
| - | * [[Rosa Bonheur]] | + | |
| - | * [[Romaine Brooks]] | + | |
| - | * [[Elizabeth Thompson]] | + | |
| - | * [[Rosalba Carriera]] | + | |
| - | * [[Mary Cassatt]] | + | |
| - | * [[Sonia Delaunay]] | + | |
| - | * [[Alexandra Exter]] | + | |
| - | * [[Artemisia Gentileschi]] | + | |
| - | * [[Natalia Goncharova]] | + | |
| - | * [[Gwen John]] | + | |
| - | * [[Angelica Kauffman]] | + | |
| - | * [[Käthe Kollwitz]] | + | |
| - | * [[Lee Krasner]] | + | |
| - | * [[Marie Laurencin]] | + | |
| - | * [[Judith Leyster]] | + | |
| - | * [[Loren MacIver]] | + | |
| - | * [[Louise Moillon]] | + | |
| - | * [[Berthe Morisot]] | + | |
| - | * [[Alice Neel]] | + | |
| - | * [[Georgia O'Keeffe]] | + | |
| - | * [[Liubov Popova]] | + | |
| - | * [[Olga Rosanova]] | + | |
| - | * [[Rachel Ruysch]] | + | |
| - | * [[Elisabetta Sirani]] | + | |
| - | * [[Florine Stettheimer]] | + | |
| - | * [[Nadezhda Udaltsova]] | + | |
| - | * [[Suzanne Valadon]] | + | |
| - | * [[Anne Vallayer-Coster]] | + | |
| - | * [[Elizabeth Vigee-Lebrun]] | + | |
| + | Her contemporary [[Giorgio Vasari]] wrote that Anguissola "has shown greater application and better grace than any other woman of our age in her endeavors at [[drawing]]; she has thus succeeded not only in drawing, coloring and painting from nature, and copying excellently from others, but by herself has created rare and very beautiful paintings." | ||
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Sofonisba Anguissola (c. 1532 – 16 November 1625) was an Italian Renaissance painter born in Cremona to a relatively poor noble family. She received a well-rounded education that included the fine arts, and her apprenticeship with local painters set a precedent for women to be accepted as students of art. As a young woman, Anguissola traveled to Rome where she was introduced to Michelangelo, who immediately recognized her talent, and to Milan, where she painted the Duke of Alba. The Spanish queen, Elizabeth of Valois, was a keen amateur painter and in 1559 Anguissola was recruited to go to Madrid as her tutor, with the rank of lady-in-waiting. She later became an official court painter to the king, Philip II, and adapted her style to the more formal requirements of official portraits for the Spanish court. After the queen's death, Philip helped arrange an aristocratic marriage for her. She moved to Sicily, and later Pisa and Genoa, where she continued to practice as a leading portrait painter.
Her most distinctive and attractive paintings are her portraits of herself and her family, which she painted before she moved to the Spanish court. In particular, her depictions of children were fresh and closely observed. At the Spanish court she painted formal state portraits in the prevailing official style, as one of the first, and most successful, of the relatively few female court painters. Later in her life she also painted religious subjects, although many of her religious paintings have been lost. In 1625, she died at age 93 in Palermo.
Anguissola's example, as much as her oeuvre, had a lasting influence on subsequent generations of artists, and her great success opened the way for larger numbers of women to pursue serious careers as artists. Her paintings can be seen at galleries in Boston (Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum); Milwaukee (Milwaukee Art Museum); Bergamo; Brescia; Budapest; Madrid (Museo del Prado); Naples; Siena; and at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.
Her contemporary Giorgio Vasari wrote that Anguissola "has shown greater application and better grace than any other woman of our age in her endeavors at drawing; she has thus succeeded not only in drawing, coloring and painting from nature, and copying excellently from others, but by herself has created rare and very beautiful paintings."
