Post-neoliberalism
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Post-neoliberalism is a set of ideals characterized by its rejection of neoliberalism and the economic policies embodied by the Washington Consensus. While there is scholarly debate about the defining features of post-neoliberalism, it is often associated with economic policies of nationalization and wealth redistribution, opposition to deregulation, financialization, free trade, and the weakening of labour relations, and left-wing politics more generally.
The movement has had particular influence in Latin America, where the "Pink Tide" brought about a substantial shift towards left-wing wing governments in the 2000s. According to Roger Merino, examples of post-neoliberal governments include the former governments of Evo Morales in Bolivia and Rafael Correa in Ecuador.
History
The idea of post-neoliberalism arose during the Pink Tide of the 1990s and 2000s, in which left-wing Latin American critics of neoliberalism like Hugo Chavez and Evo Morales were thrust into power. According to researchers, the election of Hugo Chavez as President of Venezuela in 1999 marked a definite start to the Pink Tide and post-neoliberal movement. Following his election, Evo Morales, Néstor Kirchner, Rafael Correa, and numerous other leaders associated with the post-neoliberal movement were elected in Latin America.
While the ideas of post-neoliberalism are not exclusive to Latin America, they are largely associated with the region.
Ideology
Post-neoliberalism seeks to fundamentally change the role of the state in countries where the Washington Consensus once prevailed. To achieve this, post-neoliberal leaders have advocated for the nationalization of numerous industries, notably the oil, gas, and mining industries in Latin America. Post-neoliberalism also advocates for the expansion of welfare benefits, greater governmental investment in poverty reduction, and increased state intervention in the economy.
Criticisms
Post-neoliberalism has drawn criticism from both the left and right of the political spectrum.
Right-wing critics have claimed that the term itself is vague and populistic, while also arguing that "post-neoliberal" policies harm international investment and economic development.
