Agent provocateur
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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An agent provocateur (inciting agent)is a person who commits, or who acts to entice another person to commit, an illegal or rash act or falsely implicates them in partaking in an illegal act, so as to ruin the reputation of, or entice legal action against, the target, or a group they belong to or are perceived to belong to. They may target any group, such as a peaceful protest or demonstration, a union, a political party or a company.
In jurisdictions in which conspiracy is a serious crime in itself, it can be sufficient for the agent provocateur to entrap the target into discussing and planning an illegal act. It is not necessary for the illegal act to be carried out or even prepared.
Prevention of infiltration by agents provocateurs is part of the duty of demonstration marshals, also called stewards, deployed by organizers of large or controversial assemblies.
History and etymology
While the practice was worldwide in antiquity, modern undercover operations were scaled up in France by Eugène François Vidocq in the early 19th century, and included the use of unlawful tactics against opponents. Later in the same century, police targets included union activists who came to fear plain-clothed policemen (agent de police in French). The French term Template:Lang was then borrowed as-is into English and German. In accordance with French grammar, the correct plural form of the term is agents provocateurs.
Common usage
An agent provocateur may be a police officer or a secret agent of police who encourages suspects to carry out a crime under conditions where evidence can be obtained; or who suggests the commission of a crime to another, in hopes they will go along with the suggestion and be convicted of the crime.
A political organization or government may use agents provocateurs against political opponents. The provocateurs try to incite the opponent to do counter-productive or ineffective acts to foster public disdain or provide a pretext for the final assault against the opponent.
Historically, labor spies, hired to infiltrate, monitor, disrupt, or subvert union activities, have used agent provocateur tactics.
Agent provocateur activities raise ethical and legal issues. In common law jurisdictions, the legal concept of entrapment may apply if the main impetus for the crime was the provocateur.
See also
- Astroturfing
- Bad-jacketing
- COINTELPRO
- Covert interrogation
- Denial and deception
- Entrapment
- False flag
- Fifth column
- Informant
- Internet troll
- Outside agitators
- Ratfucking
- Security
- Sting operation
- Umbrella man (Minneapolis riots)
- Agents provocateurs
- Grant Bristow
- Brandon Darby
- Mark Kennedy (police officer)
- Bob Lambert (undercover police officer)
- Terry Norman
