Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire
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| - | The older classics of [[Romanian]] [[literature]] remain very little known outside Romania. [[Mihai Eminescu]], a famous 19th century Romanian poet is still very much loved in Romania (especially his [[poems]]), along with several other "true classics" like [[George Coşbuc]]. [[The Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas|The revolutionary year 1848]] had its echoes in the Romanian principalities and in Transylvania, and a new elite from the middle of the 19th century emerged from the revolutions: [[Mihail Kogălniceanu]] (writer, politician and the first prime minister of Romania), [[Vasile Alecsandri]] (politician, playwright and poet), [[Andrei Mureşanu]] (publicist and the writer of the current [[Deşteaptă-te, române!|Romanian National Anthem]]) and [[Nicolae Bălcescu]] (historian, writer and revolutionary). Other classic Romanian writers whose works are still widely read in their native country are playwright [[Ion Luca Caragiale]] (the [[National Theatre Bucharest]] is officially named in his honor) and [[Ion Creangă]] (best known for his children's stories). The works of composer [[George Enescu]] are well-known to Romanians, many of whom consider him their national musician. The symphony orchestra of [[Bucharest]] is named in Enescu's honor. Romanian literature has recently gained some renown outside the borders of Romania (mostly through translations into German, French and English). Some modern Romanian authors became increasingly popular in Germany, France and Italy, especially [[Eugène Ionesco]], [[Mircea Eliade]], [[Emil Cioran]], [[Tristan Tzara]] and [[Mircea Cărtărescu]]. | + | |
| + | A set of revolutions took place in the [[Austrian Empire]] from March 1848 to November 1849. Much of the revolutionary activity had a [[nationalism|nationalist]] character: the Empire, ruled from [[Vienna]], included ethnic [[Germans]], [[Hungarians]], [[Slovenes]], [[Poles]], [[Czechs]], [[Slovaks]], [[Ruthenians]] ([[Ukrainians]]), [[Romanians]], [[Croats]], [[Veneto|Venetians]] ([[Italians]]) and [[Serbs]]; all of whom attempted in the course of the revolution to either achieve [[autonomy]], [[independence]], or even [[wikt:hegemony|hegemony]] over other nationalities. The nationalist picture was further complicated by the [[German revolutions of 1848–49|simultaneous events in the German states]], which moved toward greater German national unity. | ||
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| + | Besides these [[Nationalism|nationalists]], [[liberalism|liberal]] and even [[socialism|socialist]] currents resisted the Empire's longstanding [[conservatism]]. | ||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| + | *[[United Slovenia]] | ||
| + | *[[Anton Fuster]] | ||
| - | *[[Iordan Chimet]] | ||
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A set of revolutions took place in the Austrian Empire from March 1848 to November 1849. Much of the revolutionary activity had a nationalist character: the Empire, ruled from Vienna, included ethnic Germans, Hungarians, Slovenes, Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Ruthenians (Ukrainians), Romanians, Croats, Venetians (Italians) and Serbs; all of whom attempted in the course of the revolution to either achieve autonomy, independence, or even hegemony over other nationalities. The nationalist picture was further complicated by the simultaneous events in the German states, which moved toward greater German national unity.
Besides these nationalists, liberal and even socialist currents resisted the Empire's longstanding conservatism.
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