Romeyn de Hooghe
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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"Modern political caricature, born, as we have seen, in France, may be considered to have had its cradle in Holland. The position of that country, and its greater degree of freedom, made it, in the seventeenth century, the general place of refuge to the political discontents of other lands, and especially to the French who fled from the tyranny of Louis XIV. It possessed at that time some of the most skilful artists and best engravers in Europe, and it became the central spot from which were launched a multitude of satirical prints against that monarch's policy, and against himself and his favourites and ministers. This was in a great measure the cause of the bitter hatred which Louis always displayed towards that country. He feared the caricatures of the Dutch more than their arms, and the pencil and graver of Romain de Hooghe were among the most effective weapons employed by William of Nassau."--History of Caricature and Grotesque in Literature and Art (1865) by Thomas Wright |
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Romeyn de Hooghe (bapt. 10 September 1645 – 10 June 1708) was a Dutch artist who worked as a painter, sculptor, engraver and caricaturist.
Biography
He was born in Amsterdam, and was a skilled etcher, draughtsman, painter, sculptor and medalist. He is best known for political caricatures of Louis XIV and propagandistic prints supporting William of Orange. He was also active as an erotic artist and some of his political propaganda prints can be considered early, prototypical comic strips.
During his career, de Hooghe produced over 3500 prints. He also illustrated books, and his illustrations can be found in some of the most important texts of his period. The Hieroglyphica of Merkbeelden der oude volkeren (1735) was a well known emblem book and sourcebook for classical mythology and its iconography.
According to Houbraken he was particularly good at inventive arrangements of subjects in engravings. He was also a gifted painter and painted large panels for the rooms of the mayor's office in Enkhuizen and a room in the estate of Mattthijs van den Broeck in Dubbeldam. Houbraken disapproved of his dissolute lifestyle however, and felt that despite an enormous talent, as he grew older, he engraved shameful subjects that were a disgrace to the profession.
Contrary to this, the historian Simon Schama wrote in the aftermath of the Charlie Hebdo killings of 2015 that: "The first great modern graphic satirist was Romeyn de Hooghe, enlisted by William III at the end of the 17th century in his relentless war to the death with Louis XIV. De Hooghe obliged with sprawling cartoons representing the wars against the French monarch and his allies as a battle between liberty and religious despotism".
According to the RKD he became a member of the Confrerie Pictura in 1662 and again in 1683 in the Hague. He was engaged to Maria Lansman of Edam in 1673, and their child was baptized in the Nieuwezijds Kapel in Amsterdam in 1674. He is known for decorative borders on large-scale city maps. His pupils were Filibert Bouttats (1654-after 1731), Filibertus Bouttats (1635–1707), Frans Decker, François Harrewijn, Jacobus Harrewijn, Aernout Naghtegael, Laurens Scherm, and Adriaen Schoonebeek. De Hooghe died in Haarlem.
Linking in as of 2022
Adam Frans van der Meulen, Arung Palakka, Battle of Öland, Battle of Saint-Denis (1678), Battle of Steenbergen (1583), Before 1900s in comics, Coat of arms of Haarlem, Coenraet Decker, Constantijn Huygens Jr., De Graeff, Duke of Béjar, Emblem book, Ernst Stuven, Florent le Comte, Franco-Dutch War, Frans Decker, Gerrit de Hooch, Grote Kerk, Haarlem, Huis de Pinto, Jacob Boreel, Jacob Ochtervelt, Jean Edelinck, Joan Huydecoper II, Jodenbuurt, Joseph Mulder, Kronan (ship), Lambert Bidloo, Latium (1669), Laura Theresa Alma-Tadema, Laurens Janszoon Coster, Levinus Vincent, Line of battle, List of Dutch painters, List of Dutch sculptors, List of Dutch villages, castles and country houses destroyed or damaged by the French in 1672-1673, List of graphic artists in the Web Gallery of Art, List of medallists, Mathias Balen, Matthijs Balen, Paracelsus, Perpetual Edict (1667), Pieter de Graeff, Portuguese Synagogue (Amsterdam), Proveniershuis, Romeyn, Siege of Maastricht (1579), Stedelijk Gymnasium Haarlem, The Banquet of the Officers of the St George Militia Company in 1616, The Great Theatre of Dutch Painters, The Lives of Dutch painters and paintresses, University of Harderwijk, Waag, Haarlem
