Royal Collection
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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The Royal Collection is the art collection of the British Royal Family. It is property of the monarch as sovereign, but is held in trust for her successors and the nation. It contains over 7,000 paintings, 40,000 watercolours and drawings, and about 150,000 old master prints, as well as tapestries, furniture, ceramics, books, and other works of art. It is physically dispersed between a number of locations; some, like Hampton Court Palace, are open to the public and not lived in by the Royal Family, whilst others, like Windsor Castle, are both residences and open to the public. The Queen's Gallery at Buckingham Palace in London exists to show displays and exhibitions from the collection for several months at a time. There is also a Queen's Gallery next to the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh. The collection's total value has been estimated at over £10 billion.
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History
Few items survive from before King Henry VIII. The most important additions to the collection were made by Charles I, a passionate collector of Italian paintings, and a major patron of Van Dyck and other artists. His collection was sold after his execution in 1649, but large numbers of works were recovered for the collection after the Restoration of 1660, when the Dutch Republic also presented Charles II with the Dutch Gift, and Charles later bought many paintings and other works. George III with the assistance of Frederick Augusta Barnard, added very large numbers, especially of prints and drawings, and Queen Victoria and her husband Albert were keen collectors of contemporary and old master paintings. Many works have been given from the collection to museums, especially by George III and Victoria and Albert. In particular most of the then royal library was given by George III to the British Museum, now the British Library, where many books are still catalogued as "Royal". The core of this collection was the purchase by James I of the related collections of Humphrey Llwyd, Lord Lumley, and the Earl of Arundel.
Collection highlights
Paintings, prints and drawings
Anglo-American
- Benjamin West - 60 paintings
Dutch school (200+ works)
- Gerard ter Borch - 2 paintings
- Aelbert Cuyp - 7 paintings
- Gerrit Dou - 4 paintings
- Frans Hals - 1 painting
- Meyndert Hobbema - 2 paintings
- Pieter de Hooch - 3 paintings
- Gabriel Metsu - 1 painting
- Daniël Mijtens - 9 paintings
- Adriaen van Ostade - 5 paintings
- Rembrandt - 6 paintings
- Salomon van Ruysdael - 1 painting
- Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruysdael - 1 painting
- Steen, Jan - 7 paintings
- Adriaen van de Velde - 4 paintings
- Willem van de Velde the Younger - 7 paintings
- Johannes Vermeer - 1 painting (see image)
- Jan Weenix - 1 painting
- Philip Wouwerman - 5 paintings
English school
- William Beechey - 17 paintings
- Thomas Gainsborough - more than 30 paintings, including a rare mythological work, Diana and Actaeon
- William Hogarth - 3 paintings
- John Hoppner - 7 paintings
- Sir Godfrey Kneller - 15 paintings
- Edwin Henry Landseer - 100 paintings and drawings
- Thomas Lawrence - 50 paintings
- Peter Lely - 20 paintings
- Joshua Reynolds - 20+ paintings
- George Stubbs - 18 paintings
Flemish school
- Jan Brueghel the Elder - 1 painting
- Pieter Bruegel the Elder - 1 painting
- Frans Francken the Younger - 1 painting
- Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger - 1 painting
- Jan Mabuse - 1 painting
- Quentin Matsys - 1 painting
- Hans Memling - 1 painting
- Peter Paul Rubens - 13 paintings, 5 drawings (see image)
- David Teniers the Younger - 27 paintings
- Anthony van Dyck - 26 paintings
French school
- François Clouet - 3 paintings
- Gaspard Dughet - 3 paintings
- Claude Lorrain - 5 paintings
- Jean-Étienne Liotard - 16 paintings
- Claude Monet - 1 painting
- Nicolas Poussin - A large collection of his drawings at Windsor, second only to that in the Musée du Louvre
- Georges de la Tour - 1 painting
German school
- Albrecht Dürer - 1 painting
- Hans Holbein the Younger - 7 paintings, 80 drawings and 5 miniatures
- Lucas Cranach the Elder - 4 paintings
- Franz Xaver Winterhalter - 120 paintings, 20 drawings & watercolours
- Johann Zoffany - 17 paintings
Italian school
- Alessandro Allori - 1 painting
- Fra Angelico - 1 painting
- Jacopo Bassano - 4 paintings
- Giovanni Bellini - 1 painting
- Gian Lorenzo Bernini - 50 drawings
- Francesco Borromini - 100 drawings
- Bronzino - 1 painting
- Canaletto - Over 50 paintings and 140 drawings, the greatest collection in the world
- Luca Carlevaris - 4 paintings
- Caravaggio - 2 paintings
- Agostino, Annibale and Ludovico Carracci - 5 paintings, more than 350 drawings
- Polidoro da Caravaggio - 9 paintings
- Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione - 260 drawings
- Correggio - 2 paintings
- Bernardo Daddi - 1 painting
- Domenichino - 1 painting, as well as 1,700 drawings in 34 albums, the Royal Collection’s largest holdings by a single artist
- Duccio - 1 painting
- Gentile da Fabriano - 1 painting
- Domenico Fetti - 5 paintings
- Raffaellino del Garbo - 1 painting
- Lattanzio Gambara - 8 paintings
- Luca Giordano - 12 paintings
- Guercino - 1 painting, and largest group of Guercino drawings in the world, some 400 sheets, as well as 200 by his assistants and 200 other works
- Leonardo da Vinci - 600 drawings, finest collection of Leonardo drawings in the world <ref>The real Da Vinci code | | Guardian Unlimited Arts</ref>
- Pietro Longhi - 2 paintings
- Lorenzo Lotto - 1 painting
- Andrea Mantegna - 9 canvases known as The Triumphs of Caesar
- Michelangelo - 20 drawings
- Parmigianino - 2 paintings and 30 drawings
- Pietro Perugino - 1 painting
- Francesco Pesellino - 1 painting
- Raphael - 8 paintings, as well as an extensive collection of drawings. There are seven full-size cartoons for the tapestries designed to hang in the Sistine Chapel. During the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Raphael attained the zenith of his reputation. Consequently, the Raphael Cartoons have become some of the most famous, and widely imitated, paintings in the world. Since 1865 they have been on loan from the Royal Collection to the V&A.
- Raffaellino del Garbo - 1 painting
- Guido Reni - 1 painting
- Sebastiano Ricci - 9 paintings
- Giulio Romano - 6 paintings
- Andrea Sacchi - 130 drawings
- Andrea del Sarto - 2 paintings
- Zanobi Strozzi - 1 painting
- Tintoretto - 5 paintings
- Titian - 4 paintings<ref>The Royal Collection - The Art of Italy in the Royal Collection: Renaissance & Baroque</ref>
- Perin del Vaga - 2 paintings
- Giorgio Vasari - 1 painting
- Palma the Elder - 2 paintings
- Paolo Veronese - 3 paintings
- Antonio Verrio - 1 painting
- Federico Zuccari - 1 painting
- Francesco Zuccarelli - 27 paintings, together with 8 works collaborated with Antonio Visentini
Furniture
- André-Charles Boulle - Several examples
- Jean Henri Riesener - Roll-top desk
- Adam Weisweiler - Pietra Dura commode as well as other pieces
Decorative arts
- Fabergé - One of the finest collections in the world
- Sèvres porcelain - Arguably the world's largest collection
- Chelsea porcelain - Complete service completed 1763
- Gobelins tapestry - Sets of: 28 Don Quixote Tapestries, Jason and the Golden Fleece & Les Amours des Dieux
Sculpture
- Canova - 3 works: Mars and Venus, Dirce & Fountain Nymph
- John Gibson - Queen Victoria
- Ancient Roman - Crouching Venus
Management
The Royal Collection Department is part of the Royal Household, responsible for the cataloguing, conservation, cleaning, restoration and display of the books, pictures, sculptures and other works of art collected by the British Royal Family. Buildings do not come under its remit.
See also