Scratch video
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Scratch video was a British video art movement that emerged in the early-mid 1980s. It was characterised by the use of found footage, fast-cutting and multi-layered rhythms. It is significant in that, as a form of outsider art, it challenged many of the establishment assumptions of broadcast TV - as well of those of gallery-bound video art.
Scratch video arose in opposition to broadcast TV, as (anti-)artists attempted to deal critically and directly with the impact of mass communications. The context these videos emerged in is important, as it tended to critique of the institutions making broadcast videos and the commercialism found on “youth” TV, especially MTV. This it did in form, content and in its mode of distribution.
Much of the work was politically radical, often containing images of a sexual or violent nature, and using images appropriated from mainstream media, including corporate advertising; using strategies inspired by the Situationist concept of detournement and William S. Burroughs’ theories of Electronic Revolution.
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Context
The primary audience for scratch video in the early to mid 80s, was in nightclub performances by “industrial music” bands such as The Anti-Group Company, Cabaret Voltaire, Nocturnal Emissions, Psychic TV, SPK, Test Dept, Autopsia, etc.Template:Citation needed Some of those involved described their work as a form of “cultural terrorism” or as a form of “anti-art”.Template:Citation needed
In the mid 1980s typical London venues would be screenings at artist-run spaces such as the Ambulance Station, in independent cinemas such as the Brixton Ritzy Cinema, or the Fridge nightclub, which boasted an array of dozens of recycled colour TVs. There was also significant distribution on VHS tape, following similar networks to cassette culture.Template:Citation needed
After Andy Lipman’s City Limits feature contextualised the “art” values of this practice, material began to be featured in small screenings in official art galleries such as the ICA and Tate. TV stations like Channel 4 began late night screenings of art videos, including “scratch video”. However, because much of the material was constructed using domestic VHS equipment, it was deemed both technically and legally unsuitable for broadcast (TV stations are particularly wary of copyright violations). Being highly politicised, some of the material also broke with the broadcaster’s criteria of “balance”.Template:Citation needed
Artists
- George Barber
- Nick Cope
- Cabaret Voltaire
- Nocturnal Emissions
- Gorilla Tapes
- Sandra Goldbacher
- Richard Heslop
- Psychic TV
History
'Scratch Video' is a rather catch-all category of work which derive from popular dance and music fashions and the cutting of found trash images with it. Its long history begins with the cubist collages of Picasso and Braque, the 'ready-mades' of Duchamp, and passes through Joseph Cornell, Bruce Conner, Andy Warhol and William S. Burroughs and Anthony Balch 'cut-ups'. The movement was influenced by the American video artist Dara Birnbaum.
Speaking of the movements emergence and how it got its name, Rik Lander (one half of The Duvet Brothers) has stated:
"I can’t remember when we found out what we were doing was scratch or that we were part of a movement. Certainly when we saw the work of Kim Flitcroft and Sandra Goldbacher, George Barber and Gorilla Tapes it was uncanny that so many people had been experimenting in the same area without knowing that the others existed. In my mind a journalist called Pat Sweeney came up with the name scratch, but scratch video may have already existed as a named form in the US. Andy Lipman ran a City Limits cover story on Scratch Video in October 1984 where he tried to create the myth that scratch was made by disaffected youth taping the TV and reediting it on VCR’s at home. If anyone knew this was not the case it was Andy. He was one of the few people who had actually met all the people involved. Dessa Fox in the NME tried a similar hype when she suggested that scratch video was a televisual punk rock".
Today Scratch Video continues to be popular historical form, maintaining a cult following in niche contemporary art video circles. Original Scratch Video works continue to be shown in major exhibitions around the world. Notable events, amongst others, being Gorilla Tapes' participation in the ICA's 2007 exhibition Last Days of The British Underground and SCRATCH! a recent retrospective exhibition curated by Paul Pieroni at SEVENTEEN, London.
Further reading
- Video Art: A Guided tour Catherine Elwes London 2005 ISBN 1-85043-546-4
- Andy Lipman Scratch and Run City Limits London [1]
See also
