Seasonal human migration
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| + | '''Seasonal human migration''' is very common in [[agriculture|agricultural]] [[season|cycles]]. It includes migrations such as moving [[sheep]] or [[cattle]] to higher elevations during summer to escape the heat and find more [[fodder|forage]]. Human [[labour (economics)|labor]] often moves with [[fruit]] [[harvest]] or to other crops that require manual picking. | ||
| - | '''Human migration''' is the movement by people from one place to another with the intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily in a new location. The movement is often over long distances and from one country to another, but [[internal migration]] is also possible; indeed, this is the dominant form globally. People may migrate as individuals, in family units or in [[Mass migration|large groups]]. A person who moves from their home to another place because of natural disaster or civil disturbance may be described as a [[refugee]] or, especially within the same country, a [[displaced person]]. A person seeking refuge from political, religious or other forms of persecution is usually described as an [[asylum seeker]]. | + | ==Seasonal agricultural migration== |
| + | While the culture of many crops (especially "dry" crops) has become entirely mechanized, others, such as fruits and vegetables, still require [[manual labour|manual labor]], at least for harvest, and some, such as tobacco, still need manual labor for its culture. Much of the work was once provided by family members or boarding students, but they are less available now, and farms are larger. Now, migratory workers provide much of the hand labor required in agriculture in the US and other countries. Labor contractors arrange with [[farmer]]s to provide the necessary help at the seasonal time, often with foreign nationals whose employment opportunities are more limited in their home areas. | ||
| - | [[Nomad]]ic movements are normally not regarded as migrations as there is no intention to settle in the new place and because the movement is generally [[Seasonal human migration|seasonal]]. Only a few nomadic people have retained this form of lifestyle in modern times. Also, the temporary movement of people for the purpose of travel, tourism, pilgrimages, or the commute is not regarded as migration, in the absence of an intention to live and settle in the visited places. | + | A number of migratory [[contract]]ors, known as "[[custom harvester]]s", move with their [[combine harvester|combine]]s to follow the [[wheat]] harvest in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]]. as the season moves north. Some [[crop duster]]s are also migratory, following seasonal patterns of need. |
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| + | Most commercial [[beekeeper]]s in the US are migratory, spending [[winter]] in warm climates and moving with the spring to follow the bloom, or [[pollination]] [[contract]]s for [[almond]]s, [[apple]]s, [[blueberry|blueberries]] and other fruits and vegetables that require [[bee]]s. Migratory beekeeping also is practiced, especially in [[France]], [[Australia]], [[South Africa]] and [[Argentina]]. | ||
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| + | == Seasonal non-agricultural migration == | ||
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| + | Some researchers suggest that [[snowbird (people)|snowbirds]], [[Canadians|Canadian]] and US citizens who move to warmer climates during the winter, exhibit patterns of seasonal migration. Although they are moving for non-agricultural reasons, they move with the seasons. For example, many residents of [[Ontario]], Canada move to [[Florida]], US during the winter. The practice actually dates back to colonial times, when [[Boston, Massachusetts|Bostonians]] of means would often go (by sea) to [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston]] or [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]] for winter. Later, the wealthy in the growing country maintained several seasonal residences and shifted residence with the seasons, to avail themselves of the best time to be at each location, and they named their time there "the season". In [[British India]], [[British Ceylon|Ceylon]] and [[British Malaya|Malaya]], the cooler [[hill station]]s became the place of residence for Europeans during the hot summers, and [[Shimla|Simla]] became the summer capital of the [[British Raj]]. | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| + | *[[Transhumance]] | ||
| + | *[[Nomad]] | ||
| + | * [[Seasonal migration in Niger]] | ||
| - | * [[Colonization]] | ||
| - | * [[Diaspora]] | ||
| - | * [[Early human migrations]] | ||
| - | * [[Environmental migrant]] | ||
| - | * [[European migrant crisis]] | ||
| - | * [[Feminisation of migration]] | ||
| - | * [[Globalisation]] | ||
| - | * [[Humanitarian crisis]] | ||
| - | * [[Illegal immigration]] | ||
| - | * [[Religion and human migration]] | ||
| - | * [[Job migration]] | ||
| - | * ''[[Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time]]'' | ||
| - | * [[List of diasporas]] | ||
| - | ** [[Jewish Diaspora]] | ||
| - | * [[Expatriate]] | ||
| - | * [[Migrant literature]] | ||
| - | * [[Immigration to Europe]] | ||
| - | * [[Migration in the People's Republic of China]] | ||
| - | * [[Most recent common ancestor]] | ||
| - | * [[People flow]] | ||
| - | * [[Political demography]] | ||
| - | * [[Population mobility]] | ||
| - | * [[Queer Migration]] | ||
| - | * [[Refugee roulette]] | ||
| - | * [[Replacement migration]] | ||
| - | * [[Separation barrier]] | ||
| - | * [[Settler colonialism]] | ||
| - | * [[Snowbird (people)]] | ||
| - | * [[Space colonisation]] | ||
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Seasonal human migration is very common in agricultural cycles. It includes migrations such as moving sheep or cattle to higher elevations during summer to escape the heat and find more forage. Human labor often moves with fruit harvest or to other crops that require manual picking.
Seasonal agricultural migration
While the culture of many crops (especially "dry" crops) has become entirely mechanized, others, such as fruits and vegetables, still require manual labor, at least for harvest, and some, such as tobacco, still need manual labor for its culture. Much of the work was once provided by family members or boarding students, but they are less available now, and farms are larger. Now, migratory workers provide much of the hand labor required in agriculture in the US and other countries. Labor contractors arrange with farmers to provide the necessary help at the seasonal time, often with foreign nationals whose employment opportunities are more limited in their home areas.
A number of migratory contractors, known as "custom harvesters", move with their combines to follow the wheat harvest in the United States and Canada. as the season moves north. Some crop dusters are also migratory, following seasonal patterns of need.
Most commercial beekeepers in the US are migratory, spending winter in warm climates and moving with the spring to follow the bloom, or pollination contracts for almonds, apples, blueberries and other fruits and vegetables that require bees. Migratory beekeeping also is practiced, especially in France, Australia, South Africa and Argentina.
Seasonal non-agricultural migration
Some researchers suggest that snowbirds, Canadian and US citizens who move to warmer climates during the winter, exhibit patterns of seasonal migration. Although they are moving for non-agricultural reasons, they move with the seasons. For example, many residents of Ontario, Canada move to Florida, US during the winter. The practice actually dates back to colonial times, when Bostonians of means would often go (by sea) to Charleston or Savannah for winter. Later, the wealthy in the growing country maintained several seasonal residences and shifted residence with the seasons, to avail themselves of the best time to be at each location, and they named their time there "the season". In British India, Ceylon and Malaya, the cooler hill stations became the place of residence for Europeans during the hot summers, and Simla became the summer capital of the British Raj.
See also
