Sham  

From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

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1. Intended to deceive; false.

   It was only a sham wedding: they didn't care much for one another but wanted their parents to stop hassling them.

2. counterfeit; unreal
   • Jowett

     They scorned the sham independence proffered to them by the Athenians.

Synonyms

• mock

Antonyms

• genuine
• sincere
• real

Sham may refer to:

Arabic use

• Al-Sham, endonym of the region bordering the eastern Mediterranean Sea, usually known as the Levant or the region of Syria: Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Cyprus and the Turkish Hatay Province
  • Bilad al-Sham, the Caliphate province of the same region
  • ash-Shām, or Sham (الشام), another name for Damascus, one of the largest cities in the region
  • Jund al-Sham, militant group based in Afghanistan, meaning "Army of Syria"
• Sham el-Nessim, Egyptian holiday marking the beginning of spring
• Sham, or Alsahm, the Arabic name for the star Alpha Sagittae

English use

• Fraud
  • Sham drug as a quack remedy
  • Sham election, another name for a show election
  • Sham marriage, a marriage entered into with intent to deceive
  • Sham peer review, a fraudulent or malicious form of peer review
• Hoax
• Placebo, any drug, surgery, or other treatment with intentional (and usually blinded) lack of efficacy
  • Sham drug as a placebo used in a single- or double-blinded control group of experiments (see treatment and control groups)
  • Sham surgery, surgery omitting the therapeutic component, performed in the single-blinded control group of experiments
• Name of a person or group of people
  • Sam the Sham (born 1937), stage name of U.S. rock singer Domingo “Sam” Samudio
  • Sham, nickname of Art Shamsky (born 1941), American Major League Baseball outfielder and Israel Baseball League manager
  • Sham 69, English punk band
• Title of a work of art
  • Sham (film), a lost 1921 silent film based on a Broadway play starring Ethel Clayton
  • Sham (play), a 1920 one-act stage play by Frank G. Tompkins
• Other uses
  • Sham, a name for the cover of a pillow
  • SHAM, salicylhydroxamic acid, a drug that works against urinary tract infections

Chinese use

• Kohn–Sham equations, named after Walter Kohn and Lu Jeu Sham
• Sham Chun River, on the border of Hong Kong and mainland China
• Sham Shui Po District, a district of Hong Kong
• Sham Kwok Fai (born 1984), association football player from Hong Kong

Other uses

• Sham (horse), American Thoroughbred horse born in 1970 who won multiple graded stakes races
  • Sham Stakes, a race named for the horse
• Sham, Iran
• Sham, a character in the X-Men 2099 comic book series
• Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SHAM), a climate pattern

See also

• Shaam (actor) (born 1978), actor and model from India
• Shams (disambiguation)