Shape
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| - | [[Image:Flatland.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Flatland|Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions]]'' is an [[1884]] novella by [[Edwin Abbott Abbott]], still popular among [[mathematics]] and [[computer science]] students, and considered useful reading for people studying topics such as the concept of other [[dimension]]s. As a piece of literature, Flatland is respected for its satire on the [[social hierarchy]] of [[Victorian era|Victorian]] society. ]] | + | [[Image:Black Square by Malevich.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''[[Black Square]]'' (1915) by Kazimir Malevich]] |
| + | [[Image:The-bouba-kiki-effect.png|thumb|right|200px|The [[Bouba/kiki effect]] (1929)]] | ||
| + | [[Image:RhombicuboctahedronbyLeonardodaVinci.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Rhombicuboctahedron by Leonardo da Vinci]]]] | ||
| + | [[Image:Flatland.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Flatland|Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions]]'' (1884) by Edwin Abbott Abbott]] | ||
| + | [[Image:The Shapeless Polyp Floated along the Bank, a Sort of Hideous, Smiling Cyclops (1883) - Odilon Redon.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[The Misshapen Polyp Floated on the Shores, a Sort of Smiling and Hideous Cyclops ]]'' (1883) by Odilon Redon]] | ||
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| - | The '''shape''' (from Old English: ''created thing'') of an object located in some space is a [[geometrical]] [[description]] of the part of that space occupied by the object, as determined by its external boundary – abstracting from [[orientation (geometry)|location and orientation]] in space, [[dimension|size]], and other properties such as colour, content, and material composition. | ||
| - | Simple shapes can be described by basic [[geometry]] objects such as a set of two or more [[Point (geometry)|points]], a [[line (geometry)|line]], a [[curve]], a [[plane (geometry)|plane]], a [[plane figure]] (e.g. [[square (geometry)|square]] or [[circle]]), or a solid figure (e.g. [[cube]] or [[sphere]]). Most shapes occurring in the physical world are complex. Some, such as plant structures and coastlines, may be so arbitrary as to defy traditional mathematical description – in which case they may be analyzed by [[differential geometry]], or as [[fractal]]s. | + | A '''shape''' or '''[[figure]]''' is a [[graphics|graphical representation]] of an [[object]] or its external boundary, outline, or external [[Surface (mathematics)|surface]], as opposed to other properties such as [[color]], [[Surface texture|texture]], or [[material]] type. |
| + | A '''plane shape''' or '''plane figure''' is constrained to lie on a ''[[plane (geometry)|plane]]'', in contrast to ''[[solid figure|solid]]'' 3D shapes. | ||
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| + | A '''two-dimensional shape''' or '''two-dimensional figure''' (also: '''2D shape''' or '''2D figure''') may lie on a more general curved ''[[surface (mathematics)|surface]]'' (a non-Euclidean two-dimensional space). | ||
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| + | ==Shape== | ||
| + | :''as an [[element in art]]'' | ||
| + | Shape pertains to the use of areas in two dimensional space that can be defined by edges, setting one flat specific space apart from another. Shapes can be [[geometric]] (e.g.: square, circle, triangle, hexagon, etc.) or [[organic]] (such as the shape of a puddle, [[blob]], leaf, boomerang, etc.) in nature. Shapes are defined by other elements of art: space, line, texture, value, color, form. | ||
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| + | ==Geometric shape== | ||
| + | A '''geometric shape''' is the [[Geometry|geometric]] information which remains when [[Translation (geometry)|location]], [[Scaling (geometry)|scale]], [[Orientation (geometry)|orientation]] and [[reflection (geometry)|reflection]] are removed from the description of a [[Mathematical object|geometric object]]. That is, the result of moving a shape around, enlarging it, rotating it, or reflecting it in a mirror is the same shape as the original, and not a distinct shape. | ||
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| + | Objects that have the same shape as each other are said to be [[Similarity (geometry)|similar]]. | ||
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| + | Many two-dimensional geometric shapes can be defined by a set of [[Point (geometry)|points]] or [[Vertex (geometry)|vertices]] and [[line (geometry)|lines]] connecting the points in a closed chain, as well as the resulting interior points. Such shapes are called [[polygon]]s and include [[triangle]]s, [[square]]s, and [[pentagon]]s. Other shapes may be bounded by [[curve]]s such as the [[circle]] or the [[ellipse]]. | ||
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| + | Many three-dimensional geometric shapes can be defined by a set of vertices, lines connecting the vertices, and two-dimensional [[Face (geometry)|faces]] enclosed by those lines, as well as the resulting interior points. Such shapes are called [[polyhedron]]s and include [[cube]]s as well as [[Pyramid (geometry)|pyramids]] such as [[tetrahedron]]s. Other three-dimensional shapes may be bounded by curved surfaces, such as the [[ellipsoid]] and the [[sphere]]. | ||
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| + | A shape is said to be [[Convex polytope|convex]] if all of the points on a line segment between any two of its points are also part of the shape. | ||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| + | *[[Biomorphism]] | ||
| *[[Bouba/kiki effect]] | *[[Bouba/kiki effect]] | ||
| - | * [[List of geometric shapes]] | + | *[[Form]] |
| - | * [[Glossary of shapes with metaphorical names]] | + | *[[Glossary of shapes with metaphorical names]] |
| - | * [[Icosidodecahedron by Leonardo da Vinci ]] | + | *[[Geometric studies by Leonardo da Vinci]] |
| + | *[[Human form]] | ||
| + | *[[Morph]] | ||
| *[[Patterns in nature ]] | *[[Patterns in nature ]] | ||
| + | *[[Shapeless]] | ||
| + | *[[Shapeshifting]] | ||
| + | *[[List of geometric shapes]] | ||
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| + | ==Namesakes== | ||
| + | *''[[The Shape of Things to Come]]'' | ||
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A shape or figure is a graphical representation of an object or its external boundary, outline, or external surface, as opposed to other properties such as color, texture, or material type.
A plane shape or plane figure is constrained to lie on a plane, in contrast to solid 3D shapes.
A two-dimensional shape or two-dimensional figure (also: 2D shape or 2D figure) may lie on a more general curved surface (a non-Euclidean two-dimensional space).
Contents |
Shape
- as an element in art
Shape pertains to the use of areas in two dimensional space that can be defined by edges, setting one flat specific space apart from another. Shapes can be geometric (e.g.: square, circle, triangle, hexagon, etc.) or organic (such as the shape of a puddle, blob, leaf, boomerang, etc.) in nature. Shapes are defined by other elements of art: space, line, texture, value, color, form.
Geometric shape
A geometric shape is the geometric information which remains when location, scale, orientation and reflection are removed from the description of a geometric object. That is, the result of moving a shape around, enlarging it, rotating it, or reflecting it in a mirror is the same shape as the original, and not a distinct shape.
Objects that have the same shape as each other are said to be similar.
Many two-dimensional geometric shapes can be defined by a set of points or vertices and lines connecting the points in a closed chain, as well as the resulting interior points. Such shapes are called polygons and include triangles, squares, and pentagons. Other shapes may be bounded by curves such as the circle or the ellipse.
Many three-dimensional geometric shapes can be defined by a set of vertices, lines connecting the vertices, and two-dimensional faces enclosed by those lines, as well as the resulting interior points. Such shapes are called polyhedrons and include cubes as well as pyramids such as tetrahedrons. Other three-dimensional shapes may be bounded by curved surfaces, such as the ellipsoid and the sphere.
A shape is said to be convex if all of the points on a line segment between any two of its points are also part of the shape.
See also
- Biomorphism
- Bouba/kiki effect
- Form
- Glossary of shapes with metaphorical names
- Geometric studies by Leonardo da Vinci
- Human form
- Morph
- Patterns in nature
- Shapeless
- Shapeshifting
- List of geometric shapes
Namesakes
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