From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

Revision as of 20:33, 21 June 2017 Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) ← Previous diff		Current revision Jahsonic (Talk | contribs)
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	{{Template}}	+	#REDIRECT [[History of agriculture]]
-	{{farming}}	+
-	An '''agrarian system''' is the dynamic set of economic and technological factors that affect [[agriculture|agricultural]] practices. It is premised on the idea that different systems have developed depending on the natural and social conditions specific to a particular region. Political factors also have a bearing on an agrarian system due to issues such as [[land ownership]], [[labor organization]], and forms of [[Plant cultivation|cultivation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.professor-frithjof-kuhnen.de/publications/man-and-land/1-2.htm |title=Agrarian Systems |accessdate=2008-07-19 |work= }}</ref>	+
-		+
-	As [[food security]] has become more important, mostly due to the explosive [[population growth]] during the 20th century, the efficiency of agrarian systems has come under greater [[agrarian reform|review]].	+
-		+
-	==Types==	+
-	{{main|Agrarian society}}	+
-	The basis for a prevailing agrarian system may be derived from one of a number of major types, including [[agrarianism|agrarian]] social structure, for example, [[tribe|tribal]] or ethnic divisions, [[feudal]] classes or family based systems. Farming methods such as migratory [[herding]] of [[livestock]] are a common framework for which an agrarian system may evolve. Other important kinds of system are based on the dominant political ideology such as [[communism]] or [[agrarian socialism]].	+
-		+
-	Europe is dominated by [[mixed farming]].<ref name="ahs">{{cite book |title=The Agrarian History of Sweden: From 4000 BC to AD 2000 |last=Myrdal |first=Janken |author2=Mats Morell |year=2011|publisher=Nordic Academic Press |isbn=9185509566 |pages=265–266 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a3zMh4zpjpQC |accessdate=25 June 2013}}</ref> This has meant careful management of [[tillage]] practices and good tools and implements were important. China developed an agrarian system based on [[Labor intensity|labor-intensive]] [[Paddy field|wet rice]] cultivation where skill was paramount.<ref name="ahs"/>	+
-		+
-	{{see also|Collective farming|Community-supported agriculture}}	+
-		+
-	==Regional examples==	+
-	The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] agrarian system was based around the [[Tapu (Ottoman history)|tapu]], which involved a permanent lease of [[state-owned]] [[arable land]] to a [[peasant]] family. In Haiti there was a [[Social class in Haiti|social system]] based on collective labor teams, called kounbit, where farms were run by nuclear families and exchanges. This was replaced by smaller groups, called eskouad, who operated on a reciprocal basis or conducted collective labor to other peasants for a price.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/httoc.html |title=A Country Study: Haiti |accessdate=2008-07-19 |work= | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080711071105/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/httoc.html| archivedate= 11 July 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>	+
-		+
-	In the 20th century the distribution of [[Land tenure|land ownership]] in rural [[Egypt]] had become grossly unequal.<ref name="ace">{{cite book |title=Agrarian Change in Egypt: An Anatomy of Rural Poverty |last=Muḥammad Raḍwān |first=Samīr |author2=Eddy L. Lee |year=1986 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0709942141 |pages=6–9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m74OAAAAQAAJ |accessdate=25 June 2013}}</ref> An overwhelming majority of land owners possessed small parcels of land while a small minority owned large farms. Many of the rural poor were landless. By the middle of the century the calls for [[agrarian reform]] grew. [[Tenant farmer|Tenancy]] reforms, including [[rent control]] and [[minimum wage]] legislation were enacted with mixed results.<ref name="ace"/>	+
-		+
-	In [[Nigeria]], the [[Igbo people]] developed an agrarian system in which some farmers became traders. Their emphasis on small-scale, [[entrepreneur]]ial capitalism was fundamental to [[Nigeria#Independence|Nigerian Independence]].<ref name="cps">{{cite book |title=Comparative Political Systems: Policy Performance and Social Change |last=Charles F. |first=Andrain |year=1994 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |isbn=1563242818 |page=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTveuIHMI1cC |accessdate=25 June 2013}}</ref>	+
-		+
-	==See also==	+
-	*[[Agrarian Reform Laws of Cuba]]	+
-	*[[List of basic agriculture topics]]	+
-	*[[Right to food]]	+
-	*[[Social cycle theory]]	+
-	*[[Sustainable agriculture]]	+
-	*[[Agrarian structure]]	+
-		+
-	==References==	+
-	{{reflist}}	+
-		+
-	[[Category:Agriculture]]	+
-	{{GFDL}}	+

---

Current revision

1. REDIRECT History of agriculture