U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B
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| - | The '''strategy of tension''' ({{lang-it|strategia della tensione}}) is a theory that Western governments during the [[Cold War]] used tactics that aimed to divide, manipulate, and control [[public opinion]] using [[fear]], [[propaganda]], [[disinformation]], [[psychological warfare]], [[agent provocateur|agents provocateurs]], and [[false flag]] [[terrorism|terrorist]] actions in order to achieve their strategic aims. | ||
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| - | The theory began with the cold-war Soviet hoax document called ''[[U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B|US Army Field Manual 30-31B]]'', where the term was first published. It was made more broadly dispersed by an Italian parliamentary committee, and later popularized by Swiss academic [[Daniele Ganser]]. | ||
| + | '''''U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B''''' was a Cold War-era forgery by Soviet intelligence services. | ||
| - | ==See also== | + | It is an alleged classified appendix to a [[U.S. Army Field Manuals|U.S. Army Field Manual]] that describes top secret [[counter insurgency]] tactics. In particular, it identifies a "[[strategy of tension]]" involving violent attacks which are then blamed on radical left-wing groups in order to convince allied governments of the need for counter-action. It has been called the '''Westmoreland Field Manual''' because it is signed with the alleged signature of General [[William Westmoreland]]. |
| - | *[[Operation Gladio]] | + | |
| - | *[[Paladin Group]] | + | |
| - | *[[Propaganda 2]] (Propaganda due) a [[masonic Lodge]] | + | |
| - | *[[Licio Gelli]], P2 leader | + | |
| - | *[[Divide and rule]] | + | |
| - | *[[False flag]] | + | |
| - | *[[Reichstag fire]] | + | |
| - | *[[Operation Northwoods]] | + | |
| + | U.S. government and academic sources describe the document as a forgery. The document first appeared in [[Turkey]] in the 1970s, before being circulated to other countries. It was also used at the end of the 1970s to implicate the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] in the [[Red Brigades]]' [[Kidnapping of Aldo Moro|kidnapping and assassination]] of former [[Italy|Italian]] [[President of the Council of ministers of Italy|prime minister]] [[Aldo Moro]]. | ||
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Revision as of 16:31, 22 October 2017
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U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B was a Cold War-era forgery by Soviet intelligence services.
It is an alleged classified appendix to a U.S. Army Field Manual that describes top secret counter insurgency tactics. In particular, it identifies a "strategy of tension" involving violent attacks which are then blamed on radical left-wing groups in order to convince allied governments of the need for counter-action. It has been called the Westmoreland Field Manual because it is signed with the alleged signature of General William Westmoreland.
U.S. government and academic sources describe the document as a forgery. The document first appeared in Turkey in the 1970s, before being circulated to other countries. It was also used at the end of the 1970s to implicate the Central Intelligence Agency in the Red Brigades' kidnapping and assassination of former Italian prime minister Aldo Moro.
