From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

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-	{{Template}}	+	#redirect[[Hip hop]]
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-	'''Hip hop''' or '''hip-hop''' is a culture and [[art movement]] that was created by [[African Americans]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honolulu Star-Bulletin 01 Sep 1988, page 23 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/273163075/ |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Press-Tribune 15 Sep 1988, page 15 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/474823180/ |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> starting in [[the Bronx]], New York City.{{Efn|It is argued as to whether hip hop started in the [[South Bronx|South]] or [[West Bronx]].<ref name="Dyson 2007, p. 6">[[Michael Eric Dyson|Dyson, Michael Eric]], 2007, ''Know What I Mean? Reflections on Hip-Hop'', Basic Civitas Books, p. 6.</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} Pioneered from Black American street culture,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Guardian 07 Jul 1984, page 10 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/259640818/ |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Burton Mail 12 Jul 1984, page 16 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/798680468/ |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> that had been around for years prior to its more mainstream discovery,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chicago Tribune 09 Jun 1985, page 282 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/388416893/ |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> it later reached other groups such as [[Latino Americans]] and [[Caribbean Americans]]. Hip-hop culture has historically been shaped and dominated by African American men,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Boston Globe 27 Jul 1992, page 52 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/439844803/ |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> though female hip hop artists have contributed to the art form and culture as well.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Boston Globe 27 Jul 1992, page 52 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/439844803/ |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> Hip hop culture is characterized by the key elements of [[rapping]]{{Efn|Also called [[MCing]] or emceeing|group=lower-alpha}}, [[Disc jockey|DJing]] and [[turntablism]], and [[breakdancing]];<ref>{{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren |title=Hip to the Game&nbsp;– Dance World vs. Music Industry, The Battle for Hip Hop's Legacy |publisher=Movmnt Magazine |date=February 18, 2009 |url=http://www.movmnt.com/monsters-of-hip-hop-2_003332.html |access-date=July 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100403235135/http://www.movmnt.com/monsters-of-hip-hop-2_003332.html |archive-date=April 3, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Walker |first=Jason |title=Crazy Legs&nbsp;– The Revolutionary |work=SixShot.com |publisher=Web Media Entertainment Gmbh |date=January 31, 2005 |url=http://www.sixshot.com/articles/4884 |access-date=August 27, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215110008/http://www.sixshot.com/articles/4884/|archive-date=February 15, 2010}}</ref> other elements include [[graffiti]], [[beatboxing]], street [[entrepreneurship]], hip hop language, and [[hip hop fashion]].<ref name="TheElements">{{cite web|url=http://new.zulunation.com/elements/|title=Elements {{!}} Universal Zulu Nation|website=new.zulunation.com|access-date=2016-12-22|archive-date=December 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222153000/http://new.zulunation.com/elements/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="KRSOne">{{Citation|title=KRS-ONE – 9 Elements|url=https://genius.com/Krs-one-9-elements-lyrics|access-date=2016-12-22|archive-date=July 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728162339/https://genius.com/Krs-one-9-elements-lyrics|url-status=live}}</ref> From hip hop culture emerged a new genre of popular music, [[hip hop music]].	+
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-	==See also==	+
-	* [[List of hip hop music festivals]]	+
-	* [[List of hip hop genres]]	+
-	* [[List of hip hop musicians]]	+
-	* [[Hip hop and social injustice]]	+
-	* [[Pop culture]]	+
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-	{{GFDL}}	+

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1. redirectHip hop