The Estates
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| - | In [[France]] under the [[Old Regime]], the '''States-General''' or '''Estates-General''' ({{lang-fr|états généraux}}, {{IPA-fr|eta ʒeneʁo|IPA}}), was a [[legislature|legislative assembly]] (see [[The Estates]]) of the different classes (or [[estates of the realm|estates]]) of French [[nationality|subject]]s. It had a separate assembly for each of the three estates, which were called and dismissed by the king. It had no true power in its own right—unlike the [[English parliament]] it was not required to approve royal [[tax]]ation or [[legislation]] —instead it functioned as an advisory body to the king, primarily by presenting petitions from the various estates and consulting on [[fiscal policy]]. The Estates-General met intermittently until 1614 and rarely afterwards, but was not definitively dissolved until after the [[French Revolution]]. | + | '''The States''' or '''the Estates''' signifies the assembly of the ([[feudalism|feudalistic]]) representatives of the [[estates of the realm]], called together for purposes of [[legislation]] or deliberation. In [[German speaking countries]] they were also known by the name ''[[Landtag]]'' (see also ''[[Diet (assembly)|Diet]]''). |
| - | It is comparable to similar institutions across Europe, such as the [[States-General of the Netherlands]], the [[Parliament of England]], the [[Parliament of Scotland|Estates of Parliament]] of [[Scotland]], the [[Cortes Generales|Cortes]] of [[Spain]], the [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial Diet ("Reichstag"]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] or Germanic Empire, and the Diets ({{lang-de|[[Landtag]]e}}) of the "lands", [[historic states of Germany]]. | + | In some [[State (polity)|states]], the first estate were the [[Roman Catholic]] [[clergy]]men, the second estate was composed of the [[nobility]], and the third estate was composed of the [[bourgeoisie]] and the [[peasants]]. Bourgeoisie, peasants and people with no estate from birth were separated in [[Sweden]] and [[Finland]] as late as in 1905. |
| + | ==Examples== | ||
| + | *[[States of Jersey]], [[States of Guernsey]], [[States of Alderney]] | ||
| + | *[[States of Holland]], [[States of Flanders]], [[States of Brabant]], ... | ||
| + | *[[Estates of Pomerania]] | ||
| + | *[[States of Finland#Åbo Lantdag|States of Finland]] | ||
| + | *[[Sejmik]]s in the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] | ||
| + | *[[Estates-General of the Netherlands]] | ||
| + | *[[Estates-General of 1789]] | ||
| + | *[[Staten Generaal]] | ||
| + | *[[Swiss Council of States]] | ||
| - | ==See also== | + | ==States General== |
| - | *[[States-General of the Netherlands]] | + | In some countries, the estates were called together for the <!-- is this next word really what is intended? --> ''generality'' (States General or [[Diet (assembly)|Diet]]) |
| - | *[[Estates General of French Canada]] | + | * [[Seventeen Provinces|Belgium and the Netherlands]]: [[Staten Generaal]] |
| - | *[[The Estates]] | + | * [[Grand Duchy of Finland|Finland]]: [[Diet of Finland]] |
| + | * [[France]]: [[États Généraux]]; also [[États provinciaux]] (Provincial estates)<!-- As of 1 March 2007, [[Provincial estates]] redirects back here; once [[États provinciaux]] is written, it should redirect there instead. --> | ||
| + | * [[Holy Roman Empire|Germany]]: [[Reichstag (Holy Roman Empire)|Reichstag]] | ||
| + | * [[Scotland]]: [[Estates of Parliament]], and its sister institution the [[Convention of Estates of Scotland]] | ||
| + | * [[Spain]]: [[Generalitat de Catalunya]], [[Generalitat Valenciana]] | ||
| + | * [[Sweden]]: [[Riksdag of the Estates]] | ||
| + | * [[Switzerland]]: [[Swiss Council of States|Council of States]] ''Ständerat'' | ||
| + | In some countries the present-day parliament or government still has the historical name. | ||
| + | *[[Generalitat de Catalunya]] | ||
| + | *[[Generalitat Valenciana]] | ||
| + | *[[Landtag]] | ||
| + | *[[Riksdag of the Estates]] | ||
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The States or the Estates signifies the assembly of the (feudalistic) representatives of the estates of the realm, called together for purposes of legislation or deliberation. In German speaking countries they were also known by the name Landtag (see also Diet).
In some states, the first estate were the Roman Catholic clergymen, the second estate was composed of the nobility, and the third estate was composed of the bourgeoisie and the peasants. Bourgeoisie, peasants and people with no estate from birth were separated in Sweden and Finland as late as in 1905.
[edit]
Examples
- States of Jersey, States of Guernsey, States of Alderney
- States of Holland, States of Flanders, States of Brabant, ...
- Estates of Pomerania
- States of Finland
- Sejmiks in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
- Estates-General of the Netherlands
- Estates-General of 1789
- Staten Generaal
- Swiss Council of States
[edit]
States General
In some countries, the estates were called together for the generality (States General or Diet)
- Belgium and the Netherlands: Staten Generaal
- Finland: Diet of Finland
- France: États Généraux; also États provinciaux (Provincial estates)
- Germany: Reichstag
- Scotland: Estates of Parliament, and its sister institution the Convention of Estates of Scotland
- Spain: Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana
- Sweden: Riksdag of the Estates
- Switzerland: Council of States Ständerat
In some countries the present-day parliament or government still has the historical name.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "The Estates" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
