The Monist
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| - | '''Paul Carus''', [[PhD]] (18 July 1852 – 11 February 1919) was a [[German-American]] [[author]], [[editing|editor]], a student of comparative religion and philosopher. | ||
| - | ==Life and education== | ||
| - | Carus was born at [[Ilsenburg]], [[German Confederation|Germany]], and educated at the universities of [[University of Strasbourg|Strassburg]] (then Germany, now [[France]]) and [[Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen|Tübingen]], Germany. After obtaining his [[Ph.D.]] from Tübingen in 1876 he served in the army and then taught school. He had been raised in a pious and orthodox Protestant home, but gradually moved away from this tradition. | + | '''''The Monist''': An International Quarterly Journal of General Philosophical Inquiry'' is a quarterly [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] [[academic journal]] in the field of [[philosophy]]. It was established in October 1890 by [[Edward C. Hegeler]]. ''The Monist'' helped professionalize philosophy as an academic discipline in the United States. |
| - | He left [[Otto von Bismarck|Bismarck]]'s [[German Empire|Imperial Germany]] for the [[United States]], "because of his liberal views". After he immigrated to the USA (in 1884) he lived in [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]], and in [[LaSalle, Illinois]]. Paul Carus married [[Edward C. Hegeler]]'s daughter Mary (Marie) and the couple later moved into the [[Hegeler Carus Mansion]], built by her father. They had six children. | + | The journal's [[editors-in-chief]] have included [[Paul Carus]] (1890-1919), Mary Hegeler Carus (1919-1936}}, Eugene Freeman (1962-1983), John Hospers (1983-1991), and [[Barry Smith (ontologist)|Barry Smith]] (1991-present). |
| - | ==Career== | + | After ceasing publication in 1936, ''The Monist'' resumed publication in 1962 and has been continually published since then. Each issue contains papers on a single, pre-announced topic. All issues (1890–present) are available online from the [[Philosophy Documentation Center]]. |
| - | In the [[United States]], Carus briefly edited a German-language journal and wrote several articles for the ''Index'', the [[Free Religious Association]] organ. | + | |
| - | Soon after, he became the first managing editor of the [[Open Court Publishing Company]], founded in 1887 by his father-in-law. The goals of Open Court were to provide a forum for the discussion of philosophy, science, and religion, and to make philosophical classics widely available by making them affordable. | + | == abstracting and indexing == |
| + | ''The Monist'' is indexed and abstracted in: | ||
| - | He also acted as the editor for two periodicals published by the company, ''[[The Open Court]]'' and ''[[The Monist]]''. | + | * [[Academic Search]] |
| + | * [[Arts & Humanities Citation Index]] | ||
| + | * [[ATLA Religion Database]] | ||
| + | * [[Expanded Academic ASAP]] | ||
| + | * [[Factiva]] | ||
| + | * [[FRANCIS (database)|FRANCIS]] | ||
| + | * [[International Bibliography of Periodical Literature]] | ||
| + | * [[International Philosophical Bibliography]] | ||
| + | * [[Philosopher's Index]] | ||
| + | * [[Philosophy Research Index]] | ||
| + | * [[PhilPapers]] | ||
| + | * [[ProQuest|ProQuest 5000]] | ||
| + | * [[VINITI Database RAS]] | ||
| + | * [[Scopus]] | ||
| - | He was introduced to [[Charles Sanders Peirce#Poverty|Charles Sanders Peirce]], the founder of [[American Pragmatism]], by Judge Francis C. Russell of Chicago. Carus stayed abreast of Peirce's work and would eventually publish a number of his articles. | ||
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| - | During his lifetime, Carus published 75 books and 1500 articles, mostly through Open Court Publishing Company. He wrote books and articles on history, politics, philosophy, religion, logic, mathematics, anthropology, science, and social issues of his day. In addition, Carus corresponded with many of the greatest minds of the late 19th and early 20th century. Sending and receiving letters from [[Leo Tolstoy]], [[Thomas Edison]], [[Nikola Tesla]], [[Booker T. Washington]], [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]], [[Ernst Mach]], [[Ernst Haeckel]], [[John Dewey]], and many more. | ||
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| - | ==Carus's world view and philosophy== | ||
| - | Carus considered himself a [[theologian]] rather than [[philosopher]]. He referred to himself as "an atheist who loved God". | ||
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| - | Carus is proposed to be a pioneer in the promotion of [[interfaith]] dialogue. He explored the relationship of science and religion, and was instrumental in introducing Eastern traditions and ideas to the West. He was a key figure in the introduction of [[Buddhism]], to the West, sponsoring Buddhist translation work of [[D.T. Suzuki]], and fostering a lifelong working friendship with Buddhist Master, [[Soyen Shaku]]. Carus’ interest in Asian religions seems to have intensified after he attended the [[Parliament of the World's Religions|World’s Parliament of Religions]] (in 1893). | ||
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| - | For years afterwards, Carus was a strong sympathizer of Buddhist ideas, but stopped short of committing fully to this, or any other, religion. Instead, he ceaselessly promoted his own rational concept which he called the “Religion of Science." Carus had a selective approach and he believed that religions evolve over time. After a battle for survival, he expected a "cosmic religion of universal truth" to emerge from the ashes of traditional beliefs. | ||
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| - | ===Religion of Science=== | ||
| - | Carus was a follower of [[Benedictus de Spinoza]]; he was of the opinion that Western thought had fallen into error early in its development in accepting the distinctions between body and mind and the material and the spiritual. (Kant's [[Phenomenal#Kant.27s_use_of_phenomenon|phenomenal]] and [[noumenal]] realms of knowledge; Christianity's views of the [[soul]] and the [[body]], and the [[natural]] and the [[supernatural]]). Carus rejected such dualisms, and wanted science to reestablish the unity of knowledge. The philosophical result he labeled ''[[Monism]]''. | ||
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| - | His version of ''monism'' is more closely associated with a kind of [[pantheism]], although it was occasionally identified with [[positivism]]. He regarded every [[law of nature]] as a part of God's being. Carus held that [[God]] was the name for a ''cosmic order'' comprising "all that which is the bread of our spiritual life." He held the concept of a [[personal God]] as untenable. He acknowledged [[Jesus Christ]] as a redeemer, but not as the only one, for he believed that other religious founders were equally endowed with similar qualities. | ||
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| - | His beliefs attempted to steer a middle course between idealistic [[metaphysics]] and [[materialism]]. He differed with metaphysicians because they "reified" words and treated them as if they were realities, and he objected to materialism because it ignored or overlooked the importance of form. Carus emphasized form by conceiving of the divinity as a cosmic order. He objected to any monism which sought the unity of the world, not in the unity of truth, but in the oneness of a logical assumption of ideas. He referred to such concepts as ''henism'', not monism. | ||
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| - | Carus held that [[truth]] was independent of [[time]], human desire, and human [[Action (philosophy)|action]]. Therefore, science was not a human invention, but a human [[revelation]] which needed to be apprehended; discovery meant apprehension; it was the result or manifestation of the cosmic order in which all truth were ultimately harmonious. | ||
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| - | ===Criticisms of Carus' ideas=== | ||
| - | It is claimed that Carus was dismissed by Orientalists and philosophers alike because of his failure to comply with the rules of either discipline. | ||
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| - | ==Legacy== | ||
| - | The legacy of Paul Carus is honored through the efforts of the ''Hegeler Carus Foundation'', the ''[[Carus Lectures]]'' at the ''[[American Philosophical Association]] (APA)'', and the ''Paul Carus Award for Interreligious Understanding'' by the ''Council for a Parliament of the World's Religions (CPWR)''. | ||
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| - | ==See also== | ||
| - | * [[Pleroma]] | ||
| - | * [[Necessitarianism]] | ||
| - | * [[American philosophy]] | ||
| - | * [[List of American philosophers]] | ||
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The Monist: An International Quarterly Journal of General Philosophical Inquiry is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of philosophy. It was established in October 1890 by Edward C. Hegeler. The Monist helped professionalize philosophy as an academic discipline in the United States.
The journal's editors-in-chief have included Paul Carus (1890-1919), Mary Hegeler Carus (1919-1936}}, Eugene Freeman (1962-1983), John Hospers (1983-1991), and Barry Smith (1991-present).
After ceasing publication in 1936, The Monist resumed publication in 1962 and has been continually published since then. Each issue contains papers on a single, pre-announced topic. All issues (1890–present) are available online from the Philosophy Documentation Center.
[edit]
abstracting and indexing
The Monist is indexed and abstracted in:
- Academic Search
- Arts & Humanities Citation Index
- ATLA Religion Database
- Expanded Academic ASAP
- Factiva
- FRANCIS
- International Bibliography of Periodical Literature
- International Philosophical Bibliography
- Philosopher's Index
- Philosophy Research Index
- PhilPapers
- ProQuest 5000
- VINITI Database RAS
- Scopus
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "The Monist" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
