The Outsider (Wilson book)  

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Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821 – 1881)  Illustration: A Th. Dostoiewski (1895) by Félix Vallotton
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Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821 – 1881)
Illustration: A Th. Dostoiewski (1895) by Félix Vallotton

"I recalled a novel I had once read about, in which a man had spent his days peering through a hole in the wall of his hotel room, at the life that comes and goes next door."--The Outsider (1956) by Colin Wilson


"But for a hundred years or more, Outsiders have been swinging the hammer, without consciously realizing what they were doing, and slowly creating new values by implication. Forty years after Hulme's death, we can begin to see the results of the hundred years of intellectual questioning. Hulme regarded his Speculations as a preface to Pascal's Pensees, but it would perhaps be more accurate to regard them as the epilogue of a certain indispensable body of Outsider literature, beginning with Dostoevsky's Notes from Under the Floorboards and including Steppenwolf, The Secret Life, Nijinsky's Diary and Mind at the End of Its Tether."--The Outsider (1956) by Colin Wilson


"Compared with Sartre, neither Hemingway nor Camus is a penetrating thinker. Camus's Mythe de Sisyphe enlarges on the conclusions of the last pages of L'Etranger, and concludes that freedom can be most nearly realized facing death: a suicide or a condemned man can know it; for the living, active man it is almost an impossibility. In the later book, L'Homme Revolte, he studies the case of the revolt against society, in men like de Sade and Byron, and then examines the attempt of various social ideologies to realize the rebel's ideal of freedom."--The Outsider (1956) by Colin Wilson


"If The Outsider was an unprecedented success, my next book, Religion and the Rebel, was an unprecedented failure. The highbrow critics seized the opportunity to go back on their praise of The Outsider. And the popular Press joined in like a gang of Indians invited to a massacre. Time, with its usual awe-inspiring vulgarity, ran a kind of obituary on me headed 'Scrambled Egghead'.--The Outsider (1956) by Colin Wilson


"This is the problem of the Outsider. We shall encounter it under many different forms in the course of this book: on a metaphysical level, with Sartre and Camus (where it is called Existentialism), on a religious level, with Boehme and Kierkegaard; even on a criminal level, with Dostoevsky's Stavrogin."--The Outsider (1956) by Colin Wilson


"In this connexion, too, we might mention many writers of the nineteenth century, especially of its last three decades; and the poets Yeats called 'the tragic generation': Lionel Johnson, Dowson, Verlaine, Corbiere, men who are the tail-end of nineteenth-century romanticism; and their immediate forebears, Baudelaire, Mallarme, Lautreamont and the Italian Leopardi. James Thomson's 'City of Dreadful Night' deserves more space than we can afford to give it here, as being a sort of nineteenth-century forerunner of T. S. Eliot's 'Waste Land', with its insistence on the illusory nature of the world."--The Outsider (1956) by Colin Wilson


"The symbolism here is plain enough: literal thinking perverts the inspired truths of religion into superstitions. And Blake's accusation, hurled at the whole world, is that it thinks literally. Blake's particular bugbears were the rationalists and the 'natural-religionists', Gibbon, Voltaire, Rousseau, and the scientists Priestley and Newton. (Modern counterparts of these would be the Secular Society, or thinkers like Dewey and Russell.) Such men, Blake swore, were 'villains and footpads', men subjugated to the woman's literal way of thinking."--The Outsider (1956) by Colin Wilson


"It is interesting to compare this with Poe's description of the feelings of a convalescent at the beginning of his "Man of the Crowd": , '... and, with returning strength, found myself in one of those happy moods which are so precisely the converse of ennui, moments of the keenest appetancy when the film from the mental vision departs and the intellect, electrified, surpasses its everyday condition Merely to breathe was enjoyment....' Poe's hero is also seated in a London cafe, watching the crowds."--The Outsider (1956) by Colin Wilson


"Young Werther brought about a change of heart. Schiller's Robbers and Don Carlos followed. (Nietzsche somewhere quotes a German military man as saying: 'If God had foreseen the Robbers he would not have created the world' - to such an extent does it set up the humanistic standard and discredit the divine.) There was Novalis, scientist and romantic, who created Heinrich von Ofterdingen, the poet predestined from birth for a high destiny of singing. In England, German romanticism was introduced when Coleridge translated Schiller and Byron published 'Childe Harold'."--The Outsider (1956) by Colin Wilson

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The Outsider is a non-fiction book by Colin Wilson first published in 1956; dealing with the social alienation of the outsider in 19th and 20th centuries arts and literature. The book was very successful and was a serious contribution to the popularization of existentialism in Britain.

Through the works and lives of various artists – including H. G. Wells (Mind at the End of its Tether), Franz Kafka, Albert Camus, Jean-Paul Sartre, T. S. Eliot, Ernest Hemingway, Harley Granville-Barker (The Secret Life), Hermann Hesse, T. E. Lawrence, Vincent van Gogh, Vaslav Nijinsky, George Bernard Shaw, William Blake, Friedrich Nietzsche, Fyodor Dostoevsky and G. I. Gurdjieff – Wilson explores the psyche of the Outsider, his effect on society, and society's effect on him.

Wilson wrote “The Outsider” in the Reading Room of the British Museum, and during this period was living in a sleeping bag on Hampstead Heath. He was inspired to send the book to Victor Gollancz of publishers Victor Gollancz Ltd after he found a copy of the publisher's own book A Year of Grace in a second-hand bookshop, which led him to believe that he had found a sympathetic publisher. Gollancz reacted enthusiastically to Wilson and published the book.

Contents

Summary

The book is still published with enthusiastic comments from the likes of Edith Sitwell and Cyril Connolly adorning its cover (Connolly later admitted he hadn't read it. This reception – of his first book at the age of 24 – was a high critical watermark for Wilson, a reputation that sank as fast as it had rocketed. It is still, however, an insightful work of literary and philosophical criticism – a timeless preoccupation which perhaps garners more mainstream attention than his subsequent writings on the occult and crime. The book is structured in such a way as to mirror the outsider's experience: a sense of dislocation, or of being at odds with society. These are figures like Dostoevsky's "Underground-Man" who seem to be lost to despair and non-transcendence with no way out.

More successful – or at least hopeful – characters are then brought to the fore (including the title character from Hermann Hesse’s novel Steppenwolf). These are presented as examples of those who have insightful moments of lucidity in which they feel as though things are worthwhile/meaningful amidst their shared, usual, experience of nihilism and gloom. Sartre's Nausea is herein the key text – and the moment when the hero listens to a song in a cafe which momentarily lifts his spirits is the outlook on life to be normalized. Wilson then engages in some detailed case studies of artists who failed in this task and tries to understand their weakness – which is either intellectual, of the body or of the emotions. The final chapter is Wilson's attempt at a "great synthesis" in which he justifies his belief that western philosophy is afflicted with a needless "pessimistic fallacy" – a narrative he continues throughout his oeuvre under various names (St. Neot Margin for example) and illustrated in several metaphors ("every day is Christmas day").

Blurb from the inside cover of a late 1990s edition of The Outsider: "The Outsider is the seminal work on alienation, creativity and the modern mind-set. First published over thirty years ago, it made its youthful author England's most controversial intellectual. Many of Wilson's critics were angry that a 24-year-old non-academic had put out a piece of work that describes 'human alienation' in populist society so well, even offering up creating one's own religion or reinventing one's spirituality as a solution to one's own malaise. The book is still published in hardback and paperback, is still a staple in many bookstores' sociology section. The book is sometimes shelved in the psychology sections, religion sections as well."

Chapters

  • The Country of the Blind
  • World Without Values
  • The Romantic Outsider
  • The Attempt To Gain Control
  • The Pain Threshold
  • The Question of Identity
  • The Great Synthesis . . .
  • The Outsider As Visionary
  • Breaking the Circuit

Pages linking in as of April 2021

1956 in the United Kingdom, A Kind of Loving, A Year of Grace, Adrift in Soho, Alan Sillitoe, Alfred Reynolds (writer), Angry young men, Arnold Wesker, Axël, Baker Street (song), Bill Hopkins (novelist), Billy Liar, British New Wave, Brockley, Bruce Petty, Colin Wilson bibliography, Colin Wilson, Cornwall, Culture of Cornwall, David Storey, Declaration (anthology), Edward Bond, Emergence from Chaos, Existentialism, From Atlantis to the Sphinx, Gerry Rafferty, Harold Pinter, Hell (Barbusse novel), Jake's Thing, John Arden, John Braine, John Osborne, John Wain, Keith Waterhouse, Kenneth Tynan, Kingsley Amis, Kitchen sink realism, List of existentialists, Look Back in Anger, Lucky Jim, Michael Hastings (playwright), Room at the Top (novel), Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, Serjeant Musgrave's Dance, Stan Barstow, Stuart Holroyd

See also




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