The Thirteenth Tribe
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The Thirteenth Tribe is a 1976 book by Arthur Koestler, in which the author advances the thesis that Ashkenazi Jews are not descended from the historical Israelites of antiquity, but from Khazars, a Turkic people. Koestler hypothesized that the Khazars (who converted to Judaism in the 8th century) migrated westwards into Eastern Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries when the Khazar Empire was collapsing.
Koestler used previous works by Douglas Morton Dunlop, Raphael Patai and Abraham Poliak as sources. His stated intent was to make antisemitism disappear by disproving its racial basis.
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