The life of Apollonius of Tyana  

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"And the poet, after telling his story, leaves a healthy-minded reader cudgelling his brains to know whether it really happened ; whereas one who, like Aesop, tells a story which is false and does not pretend to be anything else, merely investing it with a good moral, shows that he has made use of the falsehood merely for its utility to his audience. And there is another charm about him, namely, that he puts animals in a pleasing light and makes them interesting to mankind. For after being brought up from childhood with these stories, and after being as it were nursed by them from babyhood, we acquire certain opinions of the several animals and think of some of them as royal animals, of others as silly, of others as witty, of others as innocent. And whereas the poet, after telling us that there are "many forms of heavenly visitation" or something of the kind, dismisses his chorus and departs, Aesop adds an oracle to his story, and dismisses his hearers just as they reach the conclusion he wished to lead them up to" --The life of Apollonius of Tyana by Philostratus

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The life of Apollonius of Tyana () is a book by Flavius Philostratus.

Full text[1]

THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRAKY

EDITED BY

T. E. PAGE, M.A. AND W. H. D. ROUSE, Litt.D.


PHILOSTRATUS

I


Digitized by tine Internet Arcinive

in 2011 witii funding from

University of Toronto


Iittp://www.arcliive.org/details/lifeofapollonius01pliil



APOLLONIUS OF TYANA.(?) BUST IN THE CAPITOLINE MUSEUM, ROME.


PHILOSTPvATUS

THE LtF:E OF APOLLONJUS

"-■ OF TYAJsTA

The Epistles of Apollon*u8"'and the Treatise of Eusebius

WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY F. C. CONYREARE, M.A.

I-ATE FELLOW AN'D PEELECTOR OF UXI\ ERSITV COLLEGE, OXFORD


IN TWO VOLUMES I



LONDON : WILLIAM HEINEMANN NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN CO.

MCMXII



JUN - 9 1958


INTRODUCTION

Thp: Life of ApoUoniiis of Tyana has only been once translated in its entirety into English^ as long ago as the year 1811^ by an Irish clergyman of the name of E. Berwick. It is to be hoped therefore that the present translation will be acceptable to the English reading public ; for there is in it much that is very good reading, and it is lightly written. Of its author, Philostratus, we do not know much apart from his own works, from which we niay gather that he was born in the island of Lemnos about the year 172 of our era, that he went to Athens as a young man to study rhetoric, and later on to Rome, Here he acquired a reputation as a sophist, and was drawn into what we may call the salon of the literary and philosophic Empress Julia Domna, the wife of Septimius Severus. She put into his liands certain memoirs of Apollonius, the sage of Tvana, who had died in extreme old age nearly


INTRODUCTION

100 years before during the reign of the Emperor Nerva^ and she begged him to use them for the composition of a hterary life of the sage in question. These memoirs had been composed by a disciple and companion of Ajiollonius named Damis^ a native of the city of Nineveh^ whose style, Philostratus says^ like that of most Syrian Greeks^, Avas heavy and wanting in polish. Besides these memoirs Philo- stratus used for his work a history of the career of Apollonius at Aegae^ written by an admirer of the name of Maximus. He also used the many letters of Apollonius which were in circulation. His collection of these agreed partly ;, but not wholly, with those v.hich are preserved to us and translated below. He tells us further that the Emperor Hadrian had a collection of these letters in his villa at Antium. Philostratus also possessed various treatises of Apollonius which have not come down to us. Beside makincr use of the written sources here enumerated Philostratus had travelled about, not only to Tyana, where there was a temple specially dedicated to the cult of Apollonius, but to other cities where the sage's memory was held in honour, in order to collect such traditions of the sage as he found still current. From these sources then the work before us was drawn, for although Philostratus \ i


INTRODUCTIOX

also knew the four books of a certain Moeragenes upon ApolloniuSj he tells us he paid no attention to them^ because they displayed an ignorance of many things which concerned the sage. The learned Empress seems never to have lived to read the work of Philostratus, for it is not dedicated to her and can- not have been published before the year 217.

It has been argued that the work of Damis never really existed^ and that he was a mere man of straw invented by Philostratus. This view was adopted as recently as the year 1910 by Professor Bigg, in his history of the origins of Christianity. But it seems unnecessarily sceptical. It is quite true that Philos- tratus puts into the mouth of the sage, on the authority of Damis, conversations and ideas which, as they recur in the Lives of the Sophists of Philostratus, can hardly have been reported by Damis. But because he resorted to this literary trick, it by no means follows that all the episodes which he reports on the authority of Damis are fictitious, for many of them possess great veri- similitude and can hardly have been invented as late as the year 217, when the life was completed and given to the literary world. It is rather to be supposed that Damis himself was not altogether a credible writer, but one who, like the so-called


vn


PA A3


INTRODUCTION

arctalogi of that age, set himself to embellish the life of his master^ to exaggerate his wisdom and his supernatural powers ; if so, more than one of the striking stories told by Philostratus may have already stood in the pages of Damis.

However this be, the evident aim of Philostratus is to rehabilitate the reputation of ApolloniuSj and defend him from the charge of having been a charlatan or wizard addicted to evil magical practices. This accusation had been levelled against the sage during his life-time by a rival sophist Euphrates, and not long after his death by the author already mentioned, Moeragenes. Unfortunately the orations of Euphrates have perished, and we know little of the work of Moeragenes. Origen, the Christian father, in his work against Celsus, written about the year 240, informs us that he had read it^ and that it attacked Apollonius as a magician addicted to sinister practices. It is certain also that the accusations of Euphrates were of similar tendency, and we only need to read a very few pages of this work of Philostratus to see that his chief interest is to prove to the world that these accusations were ill-founded, and that Apollonius was a divinely-inspired sage and jjrophet, and a reformer along Pythagorean lines of the Pagan viii


INTRODUCTION

religion. It is possible that some of the stories told by Byzantine writers of Apollonius^ notably by John Tzetzes^ derive from Moeragenes.

The story of the life of Apollonius as narrated by Philostratus is briefly as follows. He was born towards the beginning of the Christian era at Tyana, in Cappadocia^ and his birth was attended according to popular tradition with miracles and portents. At the age of sixteen he set himself to observe in the most rigid fashion the almost monastic rule ascribed to Pythagoras, renouncing wine, rejecting the married estate, refusing to eat any sort of flesh, and in particular condemning the sacrifice of animals to the gods, which in the ancient world furnished the occasion, at any rate for the poor people, of eating meat. For w^e must not forget that in antiquity hardly any meat was eaten which had not previously been consecrated by sacrifice to a god, and that consequently the priest was the butcher of a village and the butcher the priest. Like other votaries of the Neo-Pythagorean philosophy or disci{)line, Apollonius went without shoes or only wore shoes of bark, he allowed his hair to grow long, and never let a razor touch his chin, ^nd he took care to wear on his person nothing but linen, for it was accounted by him, as by Brahmans, an impurity to allow any

ix


INTRODUCTION

dress made of the skin of dead animals to touch tlie person. Before long he set himself up as a reformer, and betaking himself to the town of Aegae, he took up his abode in the temple of Aesculapius, where he rapidly acquired such a reputation for sanctity that sick people flocked to him asking him to heal them. On attaining his majority, at the death of his father and mother, he gave up the greater part of his patrimony to his elder brother, and what was left to his poor relations. He then set himself to spend five years in complete silence, traversing, it would seem, Asia Minor, in all directions, but never opening his lips. The more than Trappist vow of silence which he thus enforced upon himself seems to have further enhanced his reputation for holiness, and his mere appearance on the scene was enough to hush the noise of warring factions in the cities of Cilicia and Pamphylia. If we may believe his biographer he professed to know all languages without ever having learned them, to know the inmost thoughts of men, to understand the language of birds and animals, and to have the power of pre- dicting the future. He also remembered his former incarnation, for he shared the Pythagorean belief of the migrations of human souls from body to body, both of animals and of human beings. He preaclied


INTRODUCTION

a rigid asceticism, and condemned all dancing and other diversions of the kind ; he would carry no money on his person and recommended others to spend their money in the relief of the })oorer classes. He visited Persia and India^ where he consorted with the Brahmans ; lie subsequently visited Egypt^ and went up the Nile in order to acquaint him- self with those precursors of the monks of the Thebaid called in those days the Gymnosophists or naked philosophers. He visited the cataracts of the Nile, and returning to Alexandria held long conver- sations with Vespasian and Titus soon after the siege and capture of Jerusalem by the latter. He had a few years before, in the course of a visit to Rome, incurred the wrath of Nero, Avhose minister Tigellinus however Mas so intimidated by him as to set him at liberty. After the death of Titus he was again arrested, this time by the Emperor Domitian, as a fomenter of sedition, but was apparently acquitted. He died at an advanced age in the reign of Nerva, who befriended him ; and according to popular tradition he ascended bodily to heaven, appearing after death to certain persons who entertained doubts about a future life.

Towards the end of the third century when the struggle between Christianity and decadent Paganism

xi


INTRODUCTION

had reached its last and bitterest stage, it occurred to some of the enemies of the new religion to set up ApoUonius, to whom temples and shrines had been erected in various parts of Asia Minor, as a rival to the founder of Christianity. Tiie many miracles which were recorded of Apollonius, and in particular his eminent power over evil spirits or demons, made him a formidable rival in the minds of Pagans to Jesus Christ. And a certain Hierocles, who was a provincial governor under the Emperor Diocletian, wrote a book to show that ApoUonius had been as great a sage, as remarkable a w^orker of miracles, and as potent an exorcist as Jesus Christ. His w^ork gave great offence to the missionaries of the Christian religion, and Eusebius the Christian historian w rote a treatise in answer, in which he alleges that .\pollonius was a mere charlatan, and if a magician at all, then one of very inferior powers ; he also argues that if he did achieve any remarkable results, it was thanks to the evil spirits with whom he was in league. Eusebius is careful, however, to point out that before Hierocles, no anti-Christian writer had thought of }Hitting forward ApoUonius as the rival and equal of Jesus of Nazareth. It is possible of course that Hierocles took his cue from the Emj)eror Alexander Severus (a.d. 205-235), who instead of setting uj) xii


INTRODUCTION

images of the ojods in his private shrine, estabhslied therein, as objects of his veneration, statues of Alexander the Great, Orpheus, Apollonius of Tyana, Abraham, and Christ. This story however in no way contradicts the statement of Eusebius, and it is a pity that this significant caution of the latter has been disregarded by Christian writers of the last three centuries, who have almost unanimously adopted a view that is utterly unwarrantable, namely, that Philostratus intended his life of Apollonius as a counterblast to that of the Christian gospel. The best scholars of the present generation are opposed to this view, for they realise that demoniac possession was a common feature in the ancient landscape, and that the exorcist driving demons out of afflicted human beings by use of threats and invocations of mysterious names was as familiar a figure in old Pagan society as he was in the early church.

We read that wherever Apollonius travelled, he visited the temples, and undertook to refoi*m the cults which he there found in vogue. His reform seems to have consisted in this, that he denounced as derogatory to the gods the practice of sacrificing to them animal victims and tried to persuade the priests to abandon it. In this respect he prepared the ground for Christianity and M'as working along

xiii


INTRODUCTION

the same lines as many of the Christian missionaries. In the third centmy Porphyry the philosopher and enemy of Christianity was as zealous in his con- demnation of blood-offeringSj as ApoUonius had been in the first. Unquestionably the neo- Pythagorean propaganda did much to discredit ancient paganism, and ApoUonius and its other missionaries were all unwittingly working for that ideal of bloodless sacrifice which, after the destruction of the Jewish Temple, by an inexorable logic imposed itself on the Christian Church.

It is well to conclude this all too brief notice of ApoUonius with a passage cited by Eusebius ^ from his lost work concerning sacrifice. There is no good reason for doubting its authenticity, and it is an apt summary of his religious belief: —

" In no other manner, I believe, can one exhibit a fitting respect for the divine being, beyond any other men make sure of being singled out as an object of his fcivour and good-will, than by refusing to offer to God whom we termed First, who is One and separate from all, as subordinate to whom we must recognise all the rest, any victim at all; to Him we must not kindle fire or make promise unto him of any sensible

^ EuseV)iu.s, On the Preparatioii for the Oospel, Bk. iv. Ch. 1.3.

xiv


INTRODUCTION

object whatsoever. For He needs nothing even from beings higher than ourselves. Nor is there any plant or animal which earth sends up or nourishes, to which some pollution is not incident. We should make use in relation to him solely of the higher speech, I mean of that w hich issues not by the lips ; and from the noblest of beings we must ask for blessings by the noblest faculty we possess, and that faculty is intelHgence, which needs no organ. On these principles then we ought not on any account to sacrifice victims to the mighty and supreme God." The text followed by the translator is that of C. L. Kayser, issued by B. G. Teubner, at Leipzic in 1870.


XV


vv PHILOSTRATUS


BOOK I


VOL. I.


(DIAOrrPATOY

TA E2 TON TTANEA AnOAAflNION


A'


CAP, O; Toz. tdlJ^^ov Yivea^6pav i^aovovvre, raS.

iv TpoLa itotI ^Hopfio,, Avapioi-n re i,7roeaua>v, AMoc hi d,, <^Bal 'OMPov, i<^er,rd re r^ ^^o evn„e&<cu TrapacrolTO Kal KaOapeioo fip^aew,, o-Koar, il.-^iX'^v. Kal evaUr /.^ 7»P a'>-TT«. T0U9 /3a./.ov,, aX\k ,', p.eKvTrovia Kal 6 \i^av<oTO, «al TO e<pvf.vii<ra., 'i-ocrav ravra rol, deoUjapa rov AvSph^ rovTOV, r^^r^voxTKUV T6, <i.? a<xnrai;oiVTO rk rocavra oi Oeol ^^aXXov f, rh, Uaro^^a. Kaj

ToJ9 e6oZ9 «al ;^a,;^<iva^ ■rrap air&v, o-Kr^ to«  <iv0pc«^o.9 Xaipov.^ Kal Stt, ^x^ovra., ,rep. re 4,Ue<., heieev Xeye^v rov, /.h W -^^"^^^ reKputipe<.ea. rov ddov Kal 8o?a9 a.o/xo.o.9 aXX,,-


PHILOSTRATUS

THE LIFE OF APOLLONJUS OF TYANA

BOOK I I

The votaries of Pythagoras of Samos have this chap. story to tell of him^ that he was not an Ionian at all, ^ but that, once on a time in Troy, he had been fsceScismof Euphorbus, and that he had come to life after death, Pythagoras but had died as the songs of Homer relate. And they say that he declined to wear apparel made from dead animal products and, to guard his purity, abstained from all flesh diet, whether of animals or of sacrificial victims. For that he would not stain the altars with blood ; nay, rather the honey-cake and frankincense and the hymn of praise, these they say were the offerings made to the Gods by this man, who realised that they welcome such tribute more than they do the hecatombs and the knife laid upon the sacrificial basket. For they say that he had of a certainty st)cial intercourse with the gods, and learnt from them the conditions under which tliey take pleasure in men or are disgusted, and on this intercourse he based his account of nature. For he said that, whereas other men only imake con- jectures about the divinity and make guesses that


B 2


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. \aL<; irepl avrov So^d^eiv, eavjcp he rov re 'AttoWo) TjKeiv o/jioXoyovvra, &)? avTo<; e'lrj, ^vvelvau he koX fjLT} ofioXoyovvra^; rrjv ^A6rjvdv koL Ta<^ WLovaa^ Kol 6eov<^ €T6pov<^, o)v Ta elBrj koI ra ovofiara ovttq) Tovf; avOp(*)7rov<; jcyvcocrfceLV. kol 6 re airo^rjvatro o Tlvdayopa^, vopLOv tovto ol o/jLcXtjtoI rjyovvro kol iri/jLcov avTov &)9 eK Aib<^ rjKovra, fcal rj atcoTrr) Se virep Tov Oeiov acjaaiv iirrjaK'qTO' iroWa yap Oeld T6 /cat diropprjra tjkovov, mv fcparelv '^aXerrrov rfv /iirf TTpcoTOV /jLaOovatv, on Kol to acooTrdv X0709. Kal jjirjv KOL TOV ' AKpayavTcvov 'E/xTreSo/cXea ^a- hiaai (f>aal ttjv (TO(f>iav TavTrjv, to yap

'X^aipeT , iyoo 8' ufx/jLtv ^eo9 d/LL/SpoTo^y ovKeTt OvrjTOf;


/cal


i]Br) ydp ttot iyo) yevofiriv Koprj re Kopo^; re

KoX 6 iv ^OXv/jLiTia ^ov<;, ov XeyeTai Trefi/jia 7ro>r)ad/jb€vo(; Oucrao, Ta JlvOayopov iTratvovvTo^ €1)] dv. Kal ifkeico eTepa irepl TOiv tov UvOayopov Tpoirov (j)L\oao(f)rj(7dvT(t)v icrTopovo'CV, cov ov irpoa- TjKeL jjue vvv dirTeaOat airevhovTa iirX tov \6yov, ov diroTeXeaai irpovOepLi^v,


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

contradict one another concerning it, — in his own cii vp. case he said that Apollo had come to him acknow- ^ 1 edging that he was the god in person ; and that Athene and the Muses and other gods, whose forms and names men did not yet know, had also con- sorted Avith him though Mithout making such acknowledgment. And the followers of Pythagoras accepted as law any decisions laid down by him, and honoured him as an emissary from Zeus, but imposed, out of respect for their divine character, a ritual silence on themselves. For many were the divine and ineffable secrets which they had heard, but which it was difficult for any to keep who had not previously learnt that silence also is a mode of speech. Moreover they declare that Empedocles of Acragas had trodden this way of wisdom M'hen he wrote the line

" Rejoice ye, for I am unto you an immortal God, and no more mortal."

And this also :

"For erewhile, I already became both girl and boy."

And the story that he made at Olympia a bull out of pastry and sacrificed it to the god shews that he approved of the sentiments of Pythagoras. And there is much else that they tell of those sages who observe the rule of P}i;hagoras ; but I must not now enter upon such points, but hurry on to the work which I have set myself to complete.


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


II


CAP. WSeXcjya yap rovTOt^ eTrcTTjBevaavTa 'AttoX- \(M)viov, Kol Oeiorepov rj 6 llvda<y6pa<; ry ao(f)La irpoaekOovra rvpavviScov re vTrepapavra, kol yevo- fxevov Kara ')(^p6vov<; ovr ap')(^alov<; ovr av veov<^ ovTTO) 01 avOpcoTTOC ytyvoiCTKovaLV airo ri)^ a\r)6cvr]<; cro^ta?, 7]v (})i\o(TO(f)(o<; re kol vyL(x)<; iiTrjcrKr^aev, aA-A, /jL€V to, o 06 to eiraLvei tov avopo<;, oi oe, iireiSr) fjudyot^; ^a^vXcovicov kol ^IvBwv ^pa-^^^/jbdcrt KoX T0t<; iv AlyvTTTq) Tvfivot<; avveyeveTO, fidyov r]yovvTaL avTov koI Sca^dWovaLv co? /Staico^; (T0(l)6v, KaK(o<; yLypa)(TK0VT€<;- 'Eyu-TreSo/cX^? re yap Kal TLv6ayopa(; avTo<; Kal A7]/jl6kplto<;, ofjbiXrja-avTe^^ fjbdyoif; Kai TroWa Bac/jiovia elirovTe^i, ovTroa^ V7rr}')(6r}crav ttj Te-yvr), TWdTcctv re /SaStVa? 6? AiyvTTTov Kal ttoWcl tcov eKel TrpocfyrjTcov re Kal lepecov iyKaTa/Mi^a^; tol<; eavTOV Xoyot^i, Kal KaO- direp ^o)ypd(f)0(; €(TKiaypa(f)7]/jLevoi<^ eTTL^dXcov ■^pco/jLaTa, ovTTco fiayevetv eBo^e, KaiTot TrXetcrra dv6p(07rcov (f)6ov7]06l<; iirl crocpia. ovSe yap to irpoaio-deaOaL TroWd Kal Trpoyvcovat Bta/BdXkoi av TOV ^ ATToXkcovcov €9 TTjv ao(f>iav TavTTjv, rj Scaffe- ^XrjaeTai ye Kal Z^coKpdTrjf; e'0' oI? wapd tov SatfiovLov TrpoeyiyvcoaKe, koa ^Ava^ayopa<; e<^' 0Z9 irpovkeye' KaiTot rt? ovk olSe tov ' Ava^ayopav ^OXv/jLTTiacTi fiev, oiroTe rjKiaTa ve, irapeXOovTa vtto kcoBlo) €9 to aTdStov iirl irpoppijaet OfijSpov, oiKiav 6


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I


II


For quite akin to theirs was the ideal which chap. Apollonius pursued^ and more divinely than P}i;hagoras he wooed wisdom and soared above ^^s no ^"^ tyrants ; and though he lived in times not long gone wizard by nor again quite of our own day^ yet men know him not because of the true wisdom, which he practised as a sage and sanely ; but one man singles out one feature for praise in him and another another ; while some, because he had interviews with the wizards of Babylon and with the Brahmans of India, and with the nude ascetics of Egypt, put him down as a wizard, and spread the calumny that he was a sage of an illegitimate kind, judging of him ill. For Empedocles and P}i:hagoras himself and Democritus consorted with wizards and uttered many super- natural truths, yet never stooped to the black art ; and Plato went to Egypt and mingled with his own discourses much of what he heard from the prophets and priests there ; and though, like a painter, he laid their colours on to his rough sketches, yet he never passed for a wizard, although much envied of mankind for his wisdom. For the circumstance that Apollonius foresaw and foreknew so many things does not in the least justify us in imputing to him this kind of wisdom ; we might as well accuse Socrates of the same, because, thanks to his familiar spirit, he knew things beforehand, and we might also accuse Anaxafforas because of the manv things which he foretold. And indeed who does not know the story of how Anaxagoras at Olympia in a season of intense drought came forward wearing a fleece into the stadium, by way of predicting rain, and of how he


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. re, ft)9 Treo-elrat, irpoetTrovra firj 'yJrevo-acrOai, ireaeiv yap, vvKTa re &)? ef rj/biepa^ earac, koL co? \idoL irepl Aljo^ TTOTafiov^i Tov ovpavov eK^oOrjcrovTai, irpo- ava(f)covr]aavTa aXrjOevaai; koI ao<j>ia ravra tov 'Ava^ayopov 7rpo(TTi6evre<; d(j)aipovvTaL tov 'AttoX- Xoovcov TO KaTa ao(f)iav TrpoycyvooaKetv Kai (paaLv, ft)? fjbdy<d Te')(yr) tovt 67rpaTT€v. Bofcel ovv fioi /jlt) TrepitBeiv ttjv tmv ttoWcov ayvoiav, aXX' i^afcpc- /3o)aaL TOV avhpa toI<; re ')(^p6voL<;, /caO' ov^ eliie tl Tj kirpa^e, T0i<; re r?}? ao(^ia<; TpoTTot^;, v(f>' mv eyjrauae tov BacfzovLOf; re kol Oelo^ vofJLiaOrjvai. ^vveiXeKTai Be jjlol to, fxev eK iroXewv, oiroaai avTov Tjpoov, Ta Se ef Upcjv, oiroaa l'tt' avTov eiravrj'^^^drj irapdXeXvfieva tov<; Seapbovf; tjBt], Ta Be i^ Mv ecTTOv €Tepoi Trepl avTov, Ta Be eK tmv eKei- vov iTTcaToXcov. eVecTTeXXe Be jBacnXevat (ro(f)i(TTa2<; (f>i\oa6^oL<; 'HXeto/9 AeX(/)0fc9 ^lvBol<^ Alyv7rTLoi,<; virep Oecov virep edcov virep vojjlwv, Trap' ol<; 6 tl djjLapTavocTo, eTrrjvcopOov. tcl Be oLKpc^eaTepa wBe (rvveXe^d/jurjv.


Ill

CAP. ^KyeveTO Acl/jll^; dvrjp ovk d(TO<f>o<i ttjv dp^auav iroTe oIkmv ^Ivov ovTO<; tm 'AttoWcovlw 7rpocr(f>t\o- ao(^r}aa<^ d7roBrjfjbia<; re avTOv dvayeypacfiev, mv 8


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

foretold the fall of the house^ — and truly, for it chap.

did fall ; and of how he said that day would be

turned into night, and stones would be discharged

from heaven round Aegospotami, and of how his

predictions were fulfilled ? Now these feats are set

down to the wisdom of Anaxagoras by the same

people who would rob Apollonius of the credit of

having predicted things by dint of wisdom, and say

that he achieved these results by art of wizardry.

It seems to me then that I oug-ht not to condone or such accvis-

+'11 acquiesce ih the general ignorance, but write a true forTtrue

account of the man, detailing the exact times at which Life of

he said or did this or that, as also the habits and ^^

temper of wisdom by means of which he came near

to being considered a supernatural and divine being.

And I have gathered my information partly from The sources

the many cities where he was loved, and partly from phiiostratus

the temples whose long-neglected and decayed rites

he restored, and partly from the accounts left of

him by others and partly from his own letters. For

he addressed these to kings, sophists, philosophers,

to men of Elis, of Delphi, to Indians, and Egyptians ;

and his letters dealt with the subjects of the gods,

of customs, of moral principles, of laws, and in all

these departments he corrected the errors into which

men had fallen. And the precise details which I

have collected are as follows.


Ill

There was a man, Damis, by no means stupid, chap. who formerly dwelt in the ancient city of Nineveh.

The

He resorted to Apollonius in order to study wis- memoirs of dom, and having shared, by his own account, his Damis used


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. /cotvoovrjaat koX avro^ ^rjat, koX yv(o/ia<; koX "^ \6yov<; Kol OTToaa eV wpo^vwaiv elire. koX irpoa- r)K(tiv Tt? To5 ^dfjbihi Ta<; Be\TOV<; tmv vTrofivrj- fjLaTCOv TOVTCov ovTTco ^L'^vwaKOfjAva^ 69 yvcoaiv 7]^a^ev "\ov\ia rfj PaaiKihi. fJ^erexovrL Bi p,oi Tov irepl avrrjv kvkXov — koX yap rov^ pr]T0pLK0v<; iravra^ \6yov<; eiryvei koI rja'7rd^eT0-—/J.€Taypd'^at T€ Trpoaera^e ra? Bcarpi/Sd^ ravra^ Koi t^9 dTrayyeXia^ avrcbv empieKr^Brjvai, t« yap ^LVi(p aa(j)M<; jjiiv, ov jxr^v Se^tw? ye dir'qyyeXKeTO. ive- Tvyov Se Kal Ma^l/Jiov tov Alyiem /3t^\i(p ^vv€i\ri(j)6TC rd iv AlyaU ' ATroWcoviOV Trdvra,^ Kal StaOriKac Be ro) "AttoWoviw yeypdcj^araL, Trap' MV vTrdpxeo jiiaOelv, o)? inrodeid^wv rr^v (f)ikoao(\)iav eyevero. ov yap Mocpayevet ye TrpoaeKreov, /SilSXia puev ^vvOevTi k \\fjLoWd)vtov Terrapa, TToWd Be Twv irepl tov dvBpa dyvojaavTC. ^ w? fiev ovv ^vvr)yayov TavTa Bceajraa/Mva, Kai ft)? eTrefJieXrjO'rjv tov ^vvOelvau avTd, etprjKa, exerco Be 6 \6yo<; TO) re dvBpl Tifii]V, 6? ov ^vyyey paTTTOi, Toh Te (^CkopLaOea-TepoL^ a)<j)e\eiav' rj yap dv fjidOotev, a fxriiTW ycyvcoaKOVcrtv.


IV

CAP. ' KiroWcoviff) Toivvv iraTph fiev yv Tvava ttoXk;

^^ 'EX,X<X9 iv Tu> KaiTTraBoKMv edvei, iraTrjp Be 6/jL(ovvfMo<;, yevo<; apx^'i^ov Kal tmv oiKLaTMV dvrjfi- fievov, 7r\ovTO<; virep tov<; cKel, to Be eOvo<; ^aOv. Kvovay Be avTov ttj p,r)Tpl cj^dafia rjXOev KlyvirTiov

lO




LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

wanderings abroad, wrote an account of them. And chap. he records his opinions and discourses and all his ^^^ prophecies. And a certain kinsman of Damis drew at the the attention of the empress Julia to the documents of the containing these memoirs hitherto unknown. Now empress I belonged to the circle of the empress, for she was a devoted admirer of all rhetorical exercises ; and she commanded me to recast and edit these essays, at the same time paying more attention to the style and diction of them ; for the man of Nine- veh had told his story clearly enough, yet somewhat awkwardly. And I also read the book of Maximus Also of Aegae, which comprised all the life of Apollonius of^^eSiT in Aegae ; and furthermore a will was composed by

Apollonius, from which one can learn how rapturous

and inspired a sage he really was. For we must not The work of

pay attention anyhow to Moeragenes, who composed iVnorS*^"^^

four books about Apollonius, and yet was ignorant

of many of the circumstances of his life. That then

I combined these scattered sources together and

took trouble over my composition, I have said ; but

let my work, I pray, redound to the honour of the

man who is the subject of my compilation, and also

be of use to those who love learning. For assuredly .

they will here learn things of which as yet they

are ignorant.

IV

Apollonius' home, then, was Tyana, a Greek city chap. amidst a population of Cappadocians. His father ^^ was of the same name, and the family was ancient ^nd^^^^^ and directly descended from the first settlers. It miraculous excelled in wealth the surrounding families, though Apollonius the district is a rich one. To his mother, just before

11


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. Bai/jLovo<;, 6 Upcorev^; 6 irapa t« 'O/jLTjpay i^aX- XaTTfov Tj be ovoev oeicracra rjpero avrov, n airoKViqaoL' o oe efie eiTre' au be tl<;;

el7rov<Trj(; " TLpcorev^J' €(j)r}, " 6 Al<yv7rTLo<; ^609." ocTTt^ fiev Bt) t7)v cro^lav 6 TLpcorev^; eyevero, tl av

i^TjyOL/jLrjV T0t9 76 OLKOVOVGL TMV TTOLrjTWV, Q)<;

TTOiKiXof; re rjv /cal aXXore aXXo9 kul KpeiTTWv rod oKoyvat, yiyvcjuaKeiv re 0)9 iSofceo /cal irpoyLyvco- crKSLV Trdvra; koI fxefJuvrjaOat ')(^pr] rod YlpwreMf;, /jLaXicrra iireiBav irpoloiv X0709 Sei/cvvr) rov dvSpa TrXecco [xev rj Tlpcorevf; irpoyvovra, ttoWcov Se ciTTopcov T€ fcal dfiTj-^dvcov KpeiTTw yevofievov iv avTO) fidXi-crTa rw d7r6c\rj(f)0aL.


CAP. Te^Orjvat Be iv \ei/jb(ovt XeyeraL, vrpb^ w vvv rb lepov avTO) eKireirovriTaL. /cal /jLr)Se 6 rpoTro^i dyvo- eiadw, ov direr e')(0'r)' dyovar) yap rfj jxr^rpl roKov copav ovap eyevero ^aSlaaL e9 rov XetfiMva kol dvOf] Kelpai, /cal S7]ra dipL/co/jLevrj al jxev BjjLcoal rrpoa- elyov rol<^ dvOecrtv ecr/ceBaa/jLevat, Kara rov Xec/xcova, avrr) Be €9 vttvov dTrrj^dr) KKtOelcra ev rrj rroa. KVKVoi roivvv, 01)9 Xec/jLcbv efioa/ce, x^P^^ earij- aavro irepl avrrfv KaOevBovaav, /cal rd<; 7rrepvya<i, warrep elcoOaaiv, dpavre<; dOpoov rfx/jaav, /cal yap ^ rt /cal ^e(t>vpov rjv ev r(p Xet/jLcovi, rj Be e^eOope re VTTO rr}<^ (pBrjf; /cal drrereKev, l/cavrj Be rraaa

12


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

he was born, there came an apparition of Proteus, chap. who changes his form so much in Homer, in the guise of an Egyptian demon. She was in no way frightened, but asked him what sort of child she would bear. And he answered : "Myself." "And who are you ? " she asked. " Proteus," answered he, "the god of Egypt." Well, I need hardly explain to readers of the poets the quality of Proteus and his reputation as regards wisdom ; how versatile he was, and for ever changing his form, and defying capture, and how he had the reputation of knowing both past and future. And we must bear Proteus in mind all the more, when my advancing story shews its hero to have been more of a prophet than Proteus, and to have triumphed over many difficulties and dangers in the moment when they beset him most closely.

V

Now he is said to have been born in a meadow', chap. hard by which there has been now erected a ^ sumptuous temple to him ; and let us not pass by J,J*puncia- the manner of his birtli. For just as the hour of his tion to birth was approaching, his mother was warned in a dream to walk out into the meadow and pluck the flowers ; and in due course she came there and her maids attended to the flowers, scattering themselves over the meadow, while she fell asleep lying on the grass. Thereupon the swans who fed in the meadow set up a dance around her as she slept, and lifting their wings, as they are wont to do, cried out aloud all at once, for there was somewhat of a breeze blowing in the meadow. She then leaped up at the sound of their song and bore her child, for any

13


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. €K7r\r)^t(; jxaievaaaOaL koL irpo rrj^; (opa^;. ol he i'y')((jL>piOi (f)aaLV, &)9 Ofjuov re tI/ctolto, koI (TKr]7rT0<; iv rfj ryy ireaelaOaL Sokmv ififjuerecopLaOeirj tw aWepi Kol d<pavLa0€L7] dvco, to, oi/iai, 6K(j)ave<; koI virep irdvTa rd iv rfj yf} /cal to dy^ov 6eo)v koI OTToaa oBe o dvrjp iyevero, (pauvovref; ol Oeol /cal 7rpo(TrjjuLaivovTe<;.


VI

CAP. "Eo-T£ Se Ti irepl Tvava vScop 'OpKiov Aco^;, W9 (f>acn, KoKovai Be avrb ^ KajBafialov, ov Trrjyr) dvaBiBorai 'xjrv^pd, TracpXd^ei Be, odairep o Oepixat- v6jji€vo<; \e/37](;. tovto ev6pK0L<; fiev Tkecov re kol r)Bv vBcop, eirLopKOi<^ Be irapd TroBa^; rj BiKr)' diro- aKYjiTTei yap Kal e? 6(j)0a\p.ov(; koI e? '^eLpa<; Kal 69 7r6Ba<;, /cal vB€poc<; dXiCTKOVTac Kal (f)06aL<;, /cal ovB' direXOelv Bvvarov, aXV avroOo e')(0VTai Kal d\o(j>vpovTai TTpo^ TO) vBan o/jboXoyovvre^ a errrL- a)pKr)o-av' ol fjuev Brj iy^coptoi (fyaac iralBa rod Aio<i Tov WttoXXcovcov yeyovevai, o B) dvr)p AiroX- XcovLOu eavTov KaXel-


VII

CAP. UpoLcov Be €9 rfXiKiav, iv y ypd/jb/jiara, fiV7]pLr)<;

re la^vv iBrjXov Kal pLeXeTr)<; Kpdro^;, Kal rj yXcorra

AmKCO<; €i')(ev, ovB^ dirrj-^Or] rrjv (pcovrjv viro rod

eOvov^, 6(f)0aX/j,OL re 7rdvre<; 69 avrov icf)epovro, Kal

yap irepi^XeTTTO'^ rjv rrjv copav. yeyovora Be avrov

14


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

sudden fright is apt to bring on a premature delivery, chap. But the people of the country say that just at the p i. ^ i. moment of the birth^ a thunderbolt seemed about to Ms birth fall to earth and then rose up into the air and dis- appeared aloft ; and the gods thereby indicated^ I think, the great distinction to which the sage was to attain, and hinted in advance how he should transcend all things upon earth and approach the gods, and signified all the things that he would achieve.


VI

Now there is near Tyana a well sacred to Zeus, the chap. god of oaths, so they say, and they call it the well of ^^ Asbama. Here a spring rises cold, but bubbles up ^^banm^ '^^ like a boiling cauldron. This water is favourable and sweet to those who keep their oaths, but to perjurers it brings hot-footed justice ; for it attacks their eyes and hands and feet, and they fall the prey of dropsy and wasting disease ; and they are not even able to go away, but are held on the spot and bemoan themselves at the edge of the spring, acknowledging their perjuries. The people of the country, then, say that ApoUonius Mas a son of Zeus, but the sage called himself the son of ApoUonius.


VTI

On reaching the age when children are taught chap. their letters, he showed great strength of memory ^^^ and power of application ; and his tongue affected by Euthy- the Attic dialect, nor was his accent corrupted by d'emus in the race he lived among. All eyes were turned upon

15


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. err) Teaa-apea KaiheKa ayei 69 Tapcrov^ 6 Trarrjp Trap Kv0vSr]jjLov Tov i/c ^OLViKrj^. 6 he ^vOvBr]jjLO<; p-^TCop T€ aya6o<; rjv koX iiraiSeve rovrov, 6 Be tov fiev BiBacTKakov etp^ero, to Be Trj<; 7roXe&)9 r)0o<; droTTOv re rj^elro koI ov '^prjo'Tov e/jL(f)i\oao(l)7]aat, Tpv(f)rj<; re yap ovBapbov p^aKKov diTTOvTai, (tkoh- iTToKai re /cat v/dpcaral 7rdvre<;, Kal BeBcofcaat rrj odovT) p,aWov Tj rfi aoc^ia ^ KOrjvaloi, 7rorap.o<; re avrov<; BiappeX Ki;8i/09, co TrapaKadr/prai, Kaddrrep rcov opviOcov ol vypoi. ro rot, ** irav- aaade p,eOvovr€<; to3 vBart " ^AttoWcovlo) 7r/309 avroi)^ ev emcrroX^ etprjrai. p^eOiarr^acv ovv rov BiBdarKoKov BerjOeU rod 7rarpb<; €9 Alydf; rd<; rrXrjaiov, ev al<; rjav^ia re 7rpocr(f)opo<; ra> (f)L\oao- (^rjaovri /cal arrovBal veavcKcorepac kul lepov ^A<TK\r)7nov, Kal 6 ^AaK\r]7rio<; avro<; eTrlBrjXofi rol<; dv6pco7rocovv p^ev avra> UXarcoveLOL re Kal ^pvaimreioi Kal ol drro rov TrepiTrdrov, Bcr^Kove Be Kal rcov ^YiinKovpov Xoycov, ovBe yap rovrov^ aTreaTrovBa^e, rov<i Be ye YlvOayopeiov^ dppi]r(p rivl o-o^'ia ^vviXa^e' BcBd- aKaXo<; pep yap rjv avrm tcop Uvdayopov Xoycop ov rrdpv airovBalo';, ovBe epepyw rfj (j>cXoao(f)ia '^p(op>epo(;, yaarpo^ re yap ijrrcop rjp Kal dcppo- BiaLCOP Kal Kara rop ^ErriKovpop ea^rip^dncrro- r)p Be ovro^ Ei/f 61/09 o e'f 'i{paKXeia<; rov lloprov, rd<; Be TivOayopov Bo^a^ eyiypwaKep, cdcnrep ol oppi6e^ i6


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 1

him, for he was, moreover, conspicuous for his chap. beauty. When then he reached his fourteenth year, his father brought him to Tarsus, to Euthydemus the teacher from Phoenicia. Now Euthydemus was a good rhetor, and began his education ; but, though he was attached to his teacher, he found the atmosphere of the city harsh and strange and little conducive to the philosophic life, for nowhere are men more addicted than here to luxury : jesters and full of insolence are they all ; and they attend more to their fine linen than the Athenians did to wisdom ; and a stream called the Cydnus runs through their city, along the banks of which they sit like so many water-fowl. Hence the words which Apollonius addresses to them in his letter : " Be done with getting drunk upon your water." He therefore Remova to transferred his teacher, with his father's consent, to ^yf^n^hc the town of Aegae, which was close by, where he temple of found a peace congenial to one who would be a phil- " "'^ ^^^"^ osopher, and a more serious school of study and a temple of Asclepius, where that god reveals himself in person to men. There he had as his companions in philosophy followers of Plato and Chrysippus and peripatetic philosophers. And he diligently attended also to the discourses of Epicurus, for he did not despise these either, although it was to those of Pythagoras that he applied himself with unspeakable wisdom and ardour. However, his teacher of the His Pytha- Pythagorean system was not a very serious person, fg^^^g^. nor one who practised in his conduct the philosophy Euxenus he taught ; for he was the slave of his belly and appetites, and modelled himself upon Epicurus. And this man was Euxenus from the town of Heraclea in Pontus, and he knew the opinions of Pythagoras just as

17

VOL. I. C


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. a fjbavddvovcn irapa tmv dv6pct)7rcov, to yap ^atpe KUi TO €v Trparre Kai to Zeu? tXew? " KoX TCi TOiavTa ol 6pvi0e<^ ev'^ovTat, ovtc €6^0X69 Ti XeyovaLV ovte ScaKei/jLevoc tt/do? tov<; dv6pco7rov(;, d\Xd ippvOixiajjuevoi ttjv yXcoTTav 6 Be, coairep ol veoi tmv deTcbv iv aTraXw fiev t& TTTepS) TrapaireTOVTai tol<; yeivafievoi^; avToi)^ [xeke- Tco/jLevoi VTT avTcov TTJV TTTTjaiv, eTTecSdv Se alpe- aOac BvvrjOcocrcv, vTrepireTOVTai tov<; yovea<;, ak\(o<; T€ fcdv Xi')(yov^ atadcovTat koL KvLarj^ eveKa tt/oo? TTj yfj TreTOfJievov^y ovtco kol o ^A7roXXcovLo<i Trpocr- el'^e T€ T(p ^v^evw 7ral<; €tl, koX ijyeTo vtt avTOV ^atvcov iirl tov Xoyov, irpoeXdcbv he 69 eT09 Se/caTOv fcal cktov copfxr^aev eVt tov tov YlvOayopov l3iov, TTTepwOel^; eV avTov vtto tlvo<^ fcpeLTTOvo<;. ov fJLrjV TOV ye Rv^evov eiravaaTo dyairoyv, a)OC e^acTrjcra<; avTW irpodcrTeiov irapa tov iraTpo'^y ev c5 KYjiTOi re diraXol rjaav Kai irr^yai, " crv /xev ^rjOc TOV creavTov TpoTTov/^ €(f>rj, " €70) Se tov TlvOayopov ^rjcrojjLat.


VIII

'}iyov/jLevov Be avTov tov Ev^evov /jieydXrj<; Bia- VTti* voia<i aTTTeadai /cat epofjuevov, oiroOev dp^ocTo, ouev Trep 01 uaTpoL, e(pr], kul yap e/cetvoc kuu- aipovTe<; Ta9 yaaTepa<; tov^ fiev ovBe vocrelv ecjcn, T01/9 Be IwvTatr Kai elTroyv tovto Ta9 fjiev e/juyfrv- p^of9 ^pcoaeLQ ct)9 ovTe KaOapd<^ kol tov vovv ira'^vvovaaf; irapyTrjaaTO, TpayrjfiaTa Be Kai Xd^ava eacTecTO, KaOapd eivac (pdo-Kcov, oTroaa r)

18


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

birds know what they learn from men ; for the birds chap. will wish you "farewell/' and say " Good day " or "Zeus help you/' and such like^ without understanding what they say and without any real s^inpathy for mankind, merely because they have been trained to move their tongue in a certain manner. Apollonius, however, was like the young eagles who, as long as they are not fully fledged, fly alongside of their parents and are trained by them in flight, but who, as soon as they are able to rise in the air, outsoar the parent birds, especially when they perceive the latter to be greedy and to be flying along the ground in order to snuff the quarry ; like them Apollonius attended Euxenus as long as he was a child and was guided by him in the path of argument, but when he reached his sixteenth year he felt an impulse towards the life of Pythagoras, being fledged and winged thereto by some higher power. Notwithstanding he did not cease to love Euxenus, nay, he persuaded his father to present him with a villa outside the town, where there were tender groves and fountains, and he said to him ; " Now you live there your own life, but I will live that of Pythagoras."

VIII

Now Euxenus realised that he was attached to a chap. lofty ideal, and asked him at what point he would ^^^^ begin it. Apollonius answered : " At the point at which physicians begin, for they, by purging the bowels of their patients prevent some from being ill at all, and heal others." And having said this he Apollonius declined to live upon a flesh diet, on the ground that flesh"£e? it was unclean, and also that it made the mind gross ; and wine so he partook only of dried fruits and vegetables,

19 c 2


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. ^yrj avTT) ScScocri, koL tov olvov KaOapov fxev ecf)a- aicev elvai iroifia i/c (fivrov ovtco<; rjfiepov toI<; dv0p(O7roc<; ijKovra, evavTiovaOai Se rfj tov vov (TvaTacreL hiaOoXovvra tov ev t^ "^^XV ^^^^P^' fjueTCL Be Tr)v KaOapaiv t^9 yaaTpo<; TOiavTr)v ryeyo/jL6vr)v avv7roSr]criav re iroielTaL KO(T/uLr)/j,a /cat \ivov eadrjTa apnTiayjcTai TrapaiTi^crd /jL€Vo^ ttjv airo tS)V ^a>cov, avrjfci re ttjv k6/jL7]v fcal ev Ta> lepw e^rj. iK7re7r\y]yfievcov Be avTov tcjv irepl to lepov koI TOV WafcXrjTTLov iroTe 7rpo<; tov lepea (f)/](TavT0<;, C09 j^aipoi Oepairevcov tov<; voaovvTa<; viro 'AttoX- XcovLO) fidpTVpL, ^vvr/ecrav e? tcl^; Alya<; ecj/ laTopia }^i\c/ce(; re avrol koX ol irepi^, 6 re KiXt/cio? X0709 TTOL T/9e%ei9 ; ^7 ein tov ecprfpov ; eir exeivtp T€ iXeyeTO koX irapoifiKaBr) Ttpurjv ea^^v.


IX

CAP. "A^iov Be jxrjBe tcl ev tw lepw irapeXOelv jSiov ye a<f>r]yovpLevov avBpo^y 09 koX T0t9 Oeol'i rjv ev Xoycp' pueLpdicLov yap Br) ^Aaa-vpiov irapa tov 'AaK\rj7riov rjKOV eTpv(f)a voaovv Kal ev ttotol^ e^rj, p^aXkov Be direOvqaKev vBep(p Be apa el^j^TO /cal p^Orj %a.t- pov av^/^ov r/p^eXec, rjp^eXelTO Brj viro tov A<t- kXtjitiov Bta TavTa, Kal ovBe ovap avTw e(f>0LTa. 20


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

for he said that all the fruits of the earth are clean, chap. And of wine he said that it was a clean drink because it is yielded to men by so well-domesticated a plant as the vine ; but he declared that it endangered the mental balance and system and darkened^ as with mud^ the ether which is in the soul. After then Wears linen having thus purged his interior^ he took to walk- ing without shoes by way of adornment and clad himself in linen raiment, declining to wear any animal product ; and he let his hair grow long and lived in the Temple. And the people round about the Temple were struck with admiration for him, and the god Asclepius one day said to the priest that he was delighted to have Apollonius as witness of his cures of the sick ; and such was his reputation that the Cilicians themselves and the people all around flocked to Aegae to see him. Hence the Cilician proverb : ^^ Whither runnest thou ? Is it to see the stripling ? " Such was the saying that arose about him, and it gained the distinction of becoming a proverb.


IX

Now it is well that I should not pass over^ in my chap. narrative, the life led in the Temple by my hero, ^^ who was held in esteem even by the gods. For an i"<^^dents Assyrian stripling came to Asclepius, and though he life in the was sick, yet he lived the life of luxury, and being AsTklJiui continually drunk, I will not say he lived, rather he Curesa was ever dying. He suffered then from dropsy, and patfenr finding his pleasure in drunkenness took no care to dry up his malady. On this account then Asclepius took no care of him, and did not visit him even

21


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. e7n/jL€/uL(j)0/jiev(p Se ravra ein<na<; 6 6eo<; " el 'AttoX.- Xddvicpr ecf)rj, '* SLoKeyow, pawv ecrrfy irpocreXOwv ovv TO) ATToWcoviq) '*Tt dv," €(f)r), " rrjf; arjq ao(f)ia^ eycti aTToXavcrai/jLt; KsKevei yap fie 6 'Acr/cX?;7rt09 avveivai croi. o, rf o 09, ecrrac croc tt/Oo? ra

irapovra iroWov d^Lov vyieia^ yap irov hey ; "

    • VT) AC" elirev, *' rjv ye 6 ^AafcXTfTrco^; iirayyeX-

Xerat fiev, ou SiScocTL 8e." evc^rffJueL," ecprj, " to2<; yap I3ovXo/jL€vol<^ SlScoctl, crv Se ivavria rfj voacp TTyoaTTet?, Tpvcfyfj yap SlBov<; o^^ro^aylav eVecr- dyei^ vypoi^ koX hiecpOopocn rot? G-7rXdy^vot.<; Kol vBart e7ravTXei<; TrrfKovT ravrl pbev aa^e- arepa, olfjuai, t% 'JipaKXeirov <To4>La^ ^XP^~ afjiwher 6 [xev yap helaOai €(^17 tov ttoitjo-ovto'^ e^ eTTOfi/Spiaf; aif^fjLOv, eaeX66vTO<; aurov tovtovI rod Trddov^, ovk ev^vverd irov Xeycov, ov8e hrjXa, 3' 7]yayev e? hyieiav to fjbeipdKtov ra ao(f)a aa(j)co<; ep/jLrjvevaa<;'


X

CAr. 'ISwt' Be dOpoov irore ev rw l3o)p,a) alfia, Kal SiaKeifieva eirl rod 0(o/jlov tcl lepd, reOvfievov^ re 0ov<; KlyvTTTLOV^ Kal av<; /jueyaXov;, Kal ra fiev SepovTa<^ avTOV'i, ra Be KoiTTovTa<^, ')(^pvaiBa^ re dvaKei/jLeva<i Bvo Kal Xl6ov<; ev avral^ tmv ^IvBikco- rdrctiv Kal davpLaai(DV, irpoaeXOcbv tm lepei " ru ravra;" e(f)r), *'XafJiirp6)<^ ydp Tt9 X'^pi^erai rw 22


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

in a dream. The youth grumbled at this, and there- chap. upon the god, standing over him, said, " If you were to consult ApoUonius you would be easier." He therefore went to ApoUonius, and said : ^' What is there in your wisdom that I can profit by ? for Asclepius bids me consult you." And he replied : "I can advise you of what, under the circumstances, will be most valuable to you ; for I suppose you want to get well." '^*' Yes, by Zeus," answered the other, " I want the health which Asclepius promises, but never gives." " Hush," said the other, " for he gives to those who desire it, but you do things that irritate and aggravate your disease, for you give yourself up to luxury, and you accumulate heavy meals upon your water-logged and worn-out stomach, and as it were, choke water with a flood of mud." This was a clearer response, in my opinion, than Heraclitus, in his wisdom, gave. For he said when he was visited by this affection that what he needed was some one to substitute a drought for his rainy weather, a very unintelligible remark, it appears to me, and by no means clear ; but the sage restored the youth to health by a clear interpretation of the .wise saw.

X

One day he saw a flood of blood upon the altar, chap. and there were victims laid out upon it, Egyptian -^ bulls that had been sacrificed and great hogs, and Ostracises some of them were being flayed and others were cmci^n^ being cut up ; and two gold vases had been dedicated set with jewels, the rarest and most beautiful that India can provide. So he went up to the priest and said : " What is all this ; for some one is making a

23


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. Oew. he " Oavixdarj^^ 6^^, *' fxaWov, ore /buijre lK€T€vaa<i TTore ivravOa fjbrjre BiaTpiyjra<;, ov ol aWoi ')(povov, /jLTjre vytdvaf; ttco irapd rov deov, fxrjh^ direp alrijarcov rjXOev e-)((ov. %^e9 yap Br) d(f)iy/jL€V(i) eoLKev, o 8' ovtco<; d(f>66v(0<; 6vei. (firjal Be Trkeico fiev Ovaeuv, irXeia) Be dvaOrjaeLv, el irpo- (TOLTO avTov 'AcT/tXi^TTto?. eGTi Be TOiv ttKov- cnwraTwv' KeKTrjrac yovv ev K.tXi/aa ^iov ifkeico r) YLiKiKes ofiov 7rdure<;' iKerevei Be rov Oeov diro- Bovvai 01 Tov erepov tmv ocfiO oX/jlcov e^eppvrjKora'* 6 Be ^A7roW(i)ViO(;, oyairep yeyrjpaKa)^ elcoOet, tou? 6<^6a\ixov<^ e<? Tr)v yrjv arrjaa'i " ri Be ovofia avTwT Tjpero. eirei oe ijKovae ooKet fioc, ecprj, a> lepev, TOV dvdpcoTTOv tovtov fir) irpocrBe'^eaOac T(£) i€pa>, /jLLapo<; ydp ri<; 7)k€c kol Ke^pr)/jLevo<; ovk eVt '^pr)aTol<; rw irdOei, kol avro Be to jrplv evpeaOai ti irapd tov Oeov 7roXvT€\co<; Oveiv ov Ovovt6<; eaTtv, aXX' eavTOV irapaiTOv fjuevov crxe- t\l(ov t€ Kal '^^aXeiTcbv epycov.^ TavTa [xev o ^ KiToW(iiVLO<^. B' ^Ao-K\r)7rL0<; e7naTd<; vvKT(op TO) lepel dTTLTco" €(f)r), " 6 Belva Ta eavTOV e^cov, d^cof; ydp /jLr)Be tov eTepov tmv ocpOaXfiMv e^eiv. ' dva/jLav6dvcov ovv 6 lepev<i tov dvOpcoTTOv, yvvr) fiev Tcp K.L\tKt TOVTcp iyeyovet OvyaTepa e'yovaa irpoTepdiv ydfjLCdv, o Be ijpa Trj<^ /copi)'; Kai uKoXa- crT&)9 eZ^e ^vvrjv re ovB^ 009 XaOelv eTnaTaaa 24


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

very handsome gift to the gods ? " And the priest chap. replied : " You may rather be surprised at a man's ^ offering all this without having first put up a prayer in our fane, and without having stayed with us as long as other people do, and without having gained his health from the god, and without obtaining all the things he came to ask for here. For he appears to have come only yesterday, and yet he is sacrific- ing on this lavish scale. And he declares that he will sacrifice more victims, and dedicate more gifts, if Asclepius will hearken to him. And he is one of the richest men in existence ; at any rate he owns in Cilicia an estate bigger than all the Cilicians together possess. And he is supplicating the god to restore to him one of his eyes that has fallen out." But Apollonius fixed his eyes upon the ground,, as he was accustomed to do in later life, and asked : "^ What is his name ? " And when he heard it, he said : " It seems to ipe, O Priest, that we ought not to welcome this fellow in the Temple : for he is some ruffian who has come here, and that he is afflicted in this way is due to some sinister reason : nay, his very conduct in sacrificing on such a magnificent scale before he has gained anything from the god is not that of a genuine votary, but rather of a man who is begging himself off from the penalty of some horrible and cruel deeds." This was what Apollonius said : and Asclepius appeared to the priest by night, and said : "Send away so and so at once with all his possessions, and let him keep them, for he deserves to lose the other eye as well." The priest accordingly made inquiries about the Cilician and learned that his wife had by a former marriage borne a daughter, and he had fallen in love with the maiden and had seduced her, and was living with her in open sin. For the

25


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. >yap T) fJLr/rrjp rfj evvfj tt}? fjuev ap.(\)w, rod Be top hepov TMV o(^6a\p,o)v e^eKO^\rev ivapa^aaa ra? Trepovaf;.

XI

CAP. To 76 iir)v 6vovTa<; rj avandevra^; p.r] virep- ^aXkeuv TO puerpiov wSe avr(^ e(\)CKocro(^eLTO' irXei- ovwv yap irore ^vveXriXvOorwv €9 to lepov dpTC i^eXrjXafievov tov KlXlko^ ripeTO tov lepea ovTCoar apa^ 6(1)7], " ol Oeol BUaiOL ; " " ScKatoTaTOL fiev ovv" elire. " tl Se- ^vveTOi T iccii rt," e(/)r?,

  • ' ^vveTCOTepov tov Oeiov ; " " Ta Be TOiV avOpcowcov

taaaiv, ^ ctTrecpoL avTwv elai ; " " koI fir^v tovt ^ ecjir], " irXeoveKTovcn fMaXtcTTa ol Oeol tcov avdpco- TToyv, OTL ol fiev VTT aaOevela^ ovBe tcl eavTMV, taaau, T0t<; Be jiyvcoaKeLV virapxec ra eKeivwv re Kal Tk avToyvr *' Trai/ra," e<l>v, " apccTTa, oy lepev, Kol aXrjOeaTaTa. eirel tolvvv irdvTa yiyvdyaKOvaL, BoKel fiot TOV riKOVTa e? Oeov Kal Xpr)(TTa eavT(a ^vvetBoTa TOidvBe evxW evxecrOar m Oeol, BoLr]Te fjLOL Ta oc^eiXofieva' o(\>ei\eTai yap ttov, w lepev, Tot9 fiev oo-LOL^ TCL dyadd, toI<; Be <^av\oL^ TdvavTia, Kal ol Oeol ovv ev iroLovvTe^^, ov fiev av vyid re Kal aTpcoTov KaKia^ evpcoac, irefiTTOvac Brjirov aT€(f)a- v(0(TavT6^ ov XP^dol^ o-Te(j)dvoL<i, d\X dyadol<; 26


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

mother had surprised the two in bed, and had chap. put out both her eyes and one of his by stabbing them with her brooch-pin.


XI

Again he inculcated the wise rule^ that in our chap. sacrifices or dedications we should not go beyond the ^^ just mean, in the following way. On one occasion moraUty^n several people had flocked to the Temple, not long Religion after the expulsion of the Cilician, and he took the occasion to ask the priest the following questions. " Are then," he said, " the gods just } " " Why, of course, most just," answered the priest. " Well, and are they wise ? " " And what," said the other, " can be wiser than the godhead } " But do they know the affairs of men, or are they without ex- perience of them ? " " Why," said the other, ^^ this is just the point in which the gods excel mankind, for the latter, because of their frailty, do not under- stand their own concerns, whereas the gods have the privilege of understanding the affairs both of men and of themselves." '^'^All your answers," said Apollonius, " are excellent, O Priest, and very true. Since then, they know everything, it appears to me that a person who comes to the house of God and has a good conscience, should put up the following prayer : ^ O ye gods, grant unto me that which 1 The Prayer deserve.' For," he went on, "the holy, O Pi'iest, ^po^o^i^g surely deserve to receive blessings, and the wicked the contrary. Therefore the gods, as they are beneficent, if they find anyone who is healthy and whole and unscarred by vice, will send him away, surely, after crowning him^ not with golden crowns, but with all

27


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. TTCicnv, ov 3' av Kareany fievov iSwat koX hie- (pOopora, KaraKeLirovaL rfj Sifcrj, rocrovrov *avTOc<; eTTi/jbrjvicravTe's, oaov eroXfJurjo-av koX lepa e(T(}>oiTav fir) KaOapol ovre^T koX afia e? rov ^AaKXrjTrtov ySXe'v^a? *' (f)c\ocro(f>6L^.^^ 6(f)7] " CO ^AcTKXrjTrie, rrjv dpprjTov re koI crvyyevrj cravro) (f)t\oao(f)iav fit] av<yj((opo)V toc<; ^avKoi<; hevpo r^Keiv, fx'^'jh^ av Trdvra aoL ra airo ^Yvhwv koX ^apSwcop ^v/jL<pepco(TLV' ov yap TLfjLcovT€<i TO detov dvovac ravra teal ava- TTTOVcrcv, aXX^ cdvovfjbevot rrjv Slktjv, rjv ov ^vyx^- pelje avToi<; hiKaLorarov 6vt€<;. ' TroWa Tocavra

€V TO) lepO) €<pi\0(TO(p€i ev €(pr)p(p €Ti.


XII

CAP. KcLKeiva ri]^ ev Alyac<; BcaTpi^7]<;' Kl\l/c(ov r}p')(6V vj^piarr]^ avOpwiro^ ical /ca/cb<; ra ipcoTLKa- €9 TOVTOV ^XOe X6yo<; Trj<; ^ AttoWcovlov copa<;, 6 3e eppoyo-Qai ^pdaa^ ot<; eirparrev ev TapaoL<; Be apa dyopav rjyev e^wpfjurjOrj e? Ta<; Alyd<; voaelv re eav- rov (l)7Jcra<i Ka\ rov ^ Aa/cXrjircov SelaOac, koI irpocr- e\6(bv TO) ^ ATToWoyvio) ^aSi^ovri ihia ** (Tvarrjaov /xe" e(f>7] " TOJ ^efo." o Be viroXa^obv " Koi ri crot Bel rov avarrjaovTO'^r enrev, " el ')^pr](TTo<; el; Tov<i yap cTTTOvBaiov^ ol deol kqX dvev rcav irpo^evovvrcov dcTTrd^ovTaL." " ore vr) AiT," ^(prj, ** ^ATroXXcovce, 28


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

sorts of blessings ; but if they find a man branded chap. with sin and utterly corrupt^ they will hand him over and leave him to justice, after inflicting their wrath upon him all the more^ because he dared to invade their Temples without being pure." And at the same moment he looked towards Asclepius, and said : " O Asclepius, the philosophy you teach is secret and congenial to yourself, in that you suffer not the wicked to come hither^ not even if they pour into your lap all the wealth of India and Sardis. For it is not out of reverence for the divinity that they sacrifice these victims and kindle these fires, but in order to purchase a verdict, which you will not concede to them in your perfect justice." And much similar wisdom he delivered himself of in this Temple, while he was still a youth.


XII

This tale also belongs to the period of his chap. residence in Aegae. Cilicia was governed at the ^^^ time by a ruffian addicted to infamous forms of If ^h?^ ^ passion. No sooner did he hear the beauty of y;icious

Go VGm or

Apollonius spoken of, than he cast aside the matters of cmcia on he was busy upon (and he was just then holding ^poi^oni^s a court in Tarsus), and hurrying off to Aegae pre- tended he was sick and must have the help of Asclepius. There he came upon Apollonius walking alone and prayed him to recommend him to the god. But he replied : " What recommendation can you want from anyone if you are good ? For the gods • love men of virtue and welcome them without any introductions." "Because, to be sure," said the other, ^' the god, O Apollonius, has invited you to be

29


C 5>


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. ere fjuev 6 6eo^ ireiroLrjrai ^evov, ifie Be ouTTft)." " aWa /ca/xoO," ecj^rj, " KaXoKayaOia Trpov^eviiaev, fi '^co/jbevo^;, co? Svvarbv vew, Oepdirwv re el/xL rov ^AaKXrjTTCov koX eTalpo<^' el he /cat aol KoXo/caya- Oia's fieXet, %w/c>et Oappcov irapa rov Oeov kol ev^ov, Tt ec7€A-et9. vr] lli , eiirev, rjv aoi ye irpo

Tepo) ev^co/jiat. fcai ri, ecprj, efioi ev^r) ; o, ?) o 09, ev^eauac dec tol<^ Ka\oL<;' ev^o/ieua oe avTol^ KOivwvelv rov /caXXof 9 Koi /xt] (pOovelv t?}9 co/3a9." eXeye Be ravra viroO pviTrwv kavrov kol Tov<; 6<f)da\/jL0v<; vypalvcov, kol tl yap ovy eXiTTOiv TMV ovTco<; acreXycov re kol eTnpprjTCOv' 6 oe ravpr)- Bov L'7ro/3Xei/ra9 avrov ** jiaivr),'^ ecbij, *' w KaOapfxa.^^ Tov B' ov jxovov 7r/909 opyr]v ravra aKovaavro^, aWa Kal aireCkrjaavro^;, &)9 arroKo^^OL avrov rr)v Ke(^a\rjv, KarayeXdaa^ 6 ^ A7roX\covco<; " o) rj Belva rj/jbepa " dpe/Sorjae' rplrr] Be dpa tjv drr eKelvr)^, ev Tj Brj/jLOOL Kara rr)v oBov ciireKreivav rov vfipiarrjv eKelvov, C09 ^vv 'Ap^eXaw tw K.a7r7raBofcia<^ jSao-iXel vecorepa erri 'PcofiaLov^; irpdrrovra. ravra Kal iroWd roiavra yia^l/jLO) ra> Alycel ^^776- ypairrat, rj^icoOrj Be Kal /SaacXeKov emcrroXoiv ovro<; evBoKL/jLOov rrjv (pcovTjv,


XIII


CAP. 'ETrel Be reOvecora rov rrarepa rjKOvaev, eBpafiev

XIII> vro/ 5^ \ ^ ( r. \

69 ra Ivava, KUKeuvov fiev rat^; eavrov ')(epaiv eda-yjre 7r/0O9 to) t?}9 /ii7}rpos arj/uLan, €reOvt]Ke(, Be KOKelvr) ov irdXai, rrjv Be ovatav Xa/nrrpav ovaav

30


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

his guest, but so far has not invited me." " Nay/' chap. answered Apollonius^ ^ 'tis my humble merits, so ^^^ far as a young man can display good qualities, which have been my passport to the favour of Asclepius, whose servant and companion I am. If you too really care for goodness, go boldly up to the god and tender what prayer you will." " By heaven, I will," said the other, "^ if you will allow me to address you one first." " And what prayer," said Apollonius, " can you make to me ? " ^^ A prayer which can only be offered to the beautiful, and which is that they may grant to others participation in their beauty and not grudge their charms." This he said with a vile leer and voluptuous air and all the usual wriggles of such infamous debauchees ; but Apollon- ius with a stern fierce glance at him, said : " You are mad, you scum." The other not only flamed up at these words, but threatened to cut off his head, whereat Apollonius laughed at him and cried out loud, " Ha, that day is to come ! " And in fact it was only three days later that the ruffian was executed by the officers of justice on the high road for having intrigued with Archelaus the king of Cappadocia against the Romans. These and many similar incidents are given by Maximus of Aegae in his treatise, a writer whose reputation for oratory won him a position in the emperor's Secretariat.


XIII

Now when he heard that his father was dead, he chap. hurried to Tyana, and with his own hands buried ^^^^ him hard by his mother's sepulchre, for she too had ^^orms'hi died not long before ; and he divided the property, eider

° 1 1 J ^ brother

31


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. SteXa^e 7rpo9 tov aS€\(f)ov aKoXacrrov re koI (hcXoTTOTrjv ovra. koI toS fxev rplrov re icaX eiKoarov rju eTo<; koX rfKiKia oia yJr) eTTLTpoirevecrOaLy 6 3' av ecKocTt yeyovet Kai ol voixot avrov viTel')(ov rol<; eTTLTpoTrot'^. hiarpl'y^a^ ovv ev Alyal^; irdXtv Kal TO lepov KvKeiov re a7ro<f)7Jva<; Koi ^A/caBrjfMLav, <^L\oao^ia<; 'yap r]')(^OL) '7rdat]<; ev avrw rjv, eirav- rfkOev €9 ra Tvava dvrjp tjStj teal Kvpio<; tcov eavrov' eliTOVTO^ he 7r/0O9 avrov tlvo^, (09 crw^poviaai rov dheXcpov 7rpo(T7]KOL avro) Kal /jLera/SaXelv rov TpoTTOv, " Tovrl fiev Opaav^ €(f>V> " Bo^et, irpea- ^vrepov yap veo<; 7ra)9 av (Kjcx^povL^oLfii; 009 he fxoL hvvarov, IdaofiaL avrov rovrcovl reov traOcov^^ SLhwcn Br} avr(p rrjv rj/jLLaeiav T?J9 eavrov fioipaf;, rov fiev TrXecovcov Seladai (f)r]<7a<;, eavrov Be oXiycov, e^Lard^ Be avrov Kal ao^(ii<; VTrayo/jLCvo'^ 69 ro aoycjypovL^ovrc ireideaOai " o fiev irarripy'^ €(j)rj, " jjLe6ecrrrjK€V, 09 eiraiBeve re r)fJLd<; Kal evovOerec, Xot7ro9 Be (TV ifiol Kal aol Brjirov eyco' etr ovv eyd> ro dfjuaprdvoifjn, avfjb^ov\o<i yiyvov Kai loi rdpd, etr avr6<; re dfiaprdvoL^;, dve'^ov BcBdaKov- T09/' KaKelvov fiev, coairep ol Karaylreovre*; rov<; Bvarjviov^ re Kal fir} €vay(oyov<; rcov iinrdiv, 69 Tret 00} 7}yay€ Kal /jbereppvO/jLtae rcov d/jLaprr}/jLdr(ov ttoWmv ovrcov, Kal yap kv(3(Ov r}rrr}ro Kai otvov, Kal ecf)' eraipa<^ eKfo/na^ev, eiTaipovar}^ avrov Ko/jLr}<^, fjv Kal ^a^al<; r}aKei, ao^cov re Kal dvco /Salvcov.

32


LIFE OF APOLLOXICS, BOOK I

which was very araple^ with his brother^ who was an chap, incorrigibly bad character and given to drink. Now ^^^^ the latter had reached his twenty-third year^ and was of an age no longer to need a guardian ; Apol- loniiis, on the other hand, Avas only twenty, and the law subjected him to guardians. He therefore spent afresh some time in Aegae^ and turned the temple into a Lyceum and Academy, for it resounded with all sorts of philosophical discussions. After that he returned to Tyana, by this time grown to manhood and his own master. Some one said to him that it was his duty to correct his brother and convert him from his evil ways ; whereon he answered : "■' This would seem a bold enterprise ; for how can I who am the younger one correct and render wise an older man ? but so far as I can do anything, I will heal him of these bad passions." Accordingly he gave to him the half of his own share of the property, on the pretence that he required more than he had, while he himself needed little ; and then he pressed him and cleverly jiersiiaded him to submit to the counsels of wisdom, and said : " Our father has departed this life, who educated us both and corrected us, so that you are all that I have left, and I imagine, I am all that you have left. If therefore I do any-

hing wrong, please adxise me and cure me of my

faults ; and in turn if you yourself do anything wrong, suffer me to teach you better." And so he reduced his brother to a reasonable state of mind, just as we break in skittish and unruly horses by stroking and patting them ; and he reformed him from his faults, numerous as they were, for he was the slave of })lav and of wine, and he led a riotous life and was vain of his hair, which he dressed up and dyed, strutting

33


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. eirel Be koI to, tt/^o? rov aBeXcf)6v avrw ev et^ez^, iirl Tou? a\Xov<; rjhr) avyyevel'; irpciTreTO koX tov<; J Beo/jLevov(; cr(f)(Ji)v avefcnjcraro rfiXotirfi ovata /jLCKpa ' kavTW v7ro\c7r6fJi€vo(;y ore 8rj rov fiev KXa^o/jLevcov ^Ava^ayopai' a<ye\aL<; t€ koI fJbifKoL^ ra eavrov avkvTa irpojSdTOL^ e(f)r) /jlclWov rj dfdpcoTroL'i <pi\oao- <l>r]<7ai,, Tov Be ^Tj^alov K^pdrrfra KaTaTrovrdxiavra T7]V ovaiav ovre dvOpcoTroL^; yeveaOai eTTcrijBetov ovre 7rpol3dTOL<;. evBoKifiy']cravTo<^ Be rod Tlvdayopov eirl TO) \6y(p, ov e\eye irepl rov /jlt) Belv Trap' dX\r]v ievai yvvaiKa rj rrjv eavrov, rovrl fiev ere'/^ot? e(pr] VTTO HvOayopov Trpoecprjadat, avTO<i Be firjT dv yrjixac fjurjr dp e? ofjuiklav d(f>LK6a6aL irore d^poBu- <Ti(ov, v7rep^aX\,6/j,evo<; koI to tov ^o(f)OK\eov<;' 6 jmIv yap XvTTcovTa e^r] koI dypcov BeaTTorrjv dirocpvyeLV 69 yi)pas e\6d)v, o S' utt' dperi)^ re koX crco(f)poavvr]<; ovB^ ev /jbetpafCLOi) rjTTijdr) tovtov, dXka koI veo^; cov , Kal TO aa)/jLa eppcofjievo^i eKparei re koX Xvttcovto^; eBearro^ev. dW ofio)^ crvKocpavTOvac Tcve<; eVl • d^poBi,(Tlov<i avTov, CO? BiaixapTia epcoTLKfj XPV' \ adfjievov Kal Bid tovto direviavTiaavTa e? to J ^kvOmv edvo<;, 09 ovTe e^oLTrfcre Trore e9 ZiKvOa<i ovTe 69 epcoTLxd irdOr] dTrrjve^Orf ovkovv ovBe Kv(ppdT7-j<; TTOTe eavKO<^dvTr}aev eirl dc^poBcaioL^ TOV dvBpa, fcaiToc yjrevB)} ypdfXfiaTa kut avTov ^vv6ei<;, 0)9 ev Tot9 irepl Kvcfipdrov \6yoL<; Bei^o/jiev, Bie(f)epeTo Be 7r/oo9 rov ^AttoWoovcov, eTrecBr) irdvO^ virep ')^p7]iJLdTC0v avTOV TrpdTTOvTa iireKOTTTev ovto<;

34


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

about like an arrogant dandy. So when all was well chap. between him and his brother, he at once turned " ^^^ his attention to his other relatives, and conciliated such of them as were in want by bestowing on them the rest of his property, leaving only a trifle to him- self; for he said that Anaxagoras of Clazomenae kept his philosophy for cattle rather than for men when he abandoned his fields to flocks and goats, and that Crates of Thebes, when he threw his money into the sea benefited neither man nor beast. And as Pythagoras was celebrated for his saying that "a Rejects man should have no intercourse except with his own ™'^^"*&^ wife," he declared that this was intended by Pytha- j goras for others than himself, for that he was resolved never to wed nor have any connexion whatever with women. In laying such restraint on himself he surpassed Sophocles, who only said that in reaching I old age he had escaped from a mad and cruel . master ; but ApoUonius by dint of virtue and temper- ance never even in his youth was so overcome. ' While still a mere stripHng, in full enjoyment of his • bodily vigour, he mastered and gained control of 1 the maddening passion. And yet there are those ^ who accuse him falsely of an addiction to venery, I alleging that he fell a victim of such sins and spent a whole year in their indulgence among the Scythians, i the facts being that he never once visited Scythia nor I was ever carried away by such passions. Not even \ Euphrates ever accused the sage of venery, though \ he traduced him otherwise and composed lying treatises against him, as we shall shew when we come to speak of him below. And his quarrel with \ ApoUonius was that the latter rallied him for doing everything for money and tried to wean him of his

D 2


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. Kol airrj'ye rov y(^pi'}fjbaTLt,ea6ai re koI rrjv ao(f)Lav KaTTrfKeveiv. aWa raura fxev €9 tou9 avTMu


XIV

CAP. 'Rpo/jievov Se nrore rov ' AttoWmplov tov Eu^e- vov, Ti Bfjra ov ^vyypd(f)ot Kairot yevvaucof; Bo^d- ^cov Koi dirayyeXia "^poofievof; Sokl/jLO) koX iyrjyep- fxevT) OTL, €(pr], ovTro) ecrioDinjaa. Kat evuevbe dp^d/ji€vo<^ aKDirdv (pi^dr) Belv, koI rrjv jxeu (fxovrjv Karel^ev, ol 8' 6(f)6a\/jLol koI o vov<^ TrXelcrra /jlcv dveyiyvwaKOVy irXelcTTa Be 69 /jLvrj/j/rjv dveXeyovTO' TO rot fivrj/jLOVCKOV eKaTovrovrrj^ yevofievo^ /cat virep TOV ^LfKOvlBy^v eppaoro, koX v/jlvo<; avro) tl<; €9 Tr)v /jLvr]/jLoavv7]v fjBero, iv o) TrdvTa /juev vtto rov '^povov iiapalveadai (f)rj(TCv, avrov ye /jLtjv top '^popop dyTJpo) re kol dOdparov irapa ttj^ /jLpr)/j,o- avPTjf; elvai. ov firjp ci'X^O'pL^ rd ye €9 ^vpovala^; rjp Trap* op eaLcoTra '^popop, dWa irpo'^ ra Xeyo- fiepa Kol ol 6<f>daXfjLol tl eTrecrrj/juacpop kol rj ^eXp fcal TO T7]<; Ke(j)aXr](; pev/ia, ovBe d/jLeiBr}<i rj (T/cvOpo)7ro<; ecj^aipero, to yap (fxXeTaipop t€ kol to evjjiepe^i el;^e. tovtop eirtTTOPcoTaTOP avTO) (jyrjai yepeaOai top jSiop oXcop irevTe eTcop do-Kr]6ePTa, TToXXd fjbep yap elirelp €')(^ovTa /jlt) elirelpy iroXXd Be 7rpo<; opyrjp dKovoravTa firj dKOvaai, 7roXXoi<; B eTrtirXrj^ac TTpoa)(6evTa " TerXadi Brj KpaBlrj re

36




LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

love of filthy lucre and of huckstering his wisdom, chap. But these matters 1 must defer to the times to whicli they belong.


XIV

On one occasion, Euxenus asked ApoUonius why chap. so noble a tliinker as he and one who was master of '^^^ a diction so fine and nervous did not write a book. years'Tpc]! He replied: ^^ I have not yet kept Silence." And ^^f silence forthwith he began to hold his tongue from a sense of duty, and kept absolute silence, though his eyes and his mind were taking note of many a thing, and though most things were being stored in his memory. Indeed, when he reached the age of a hundred, he still surpassed Simonides in point of memory, and he used to chant a hymn addressed to memory, in which it is said that everything is worn and withered away by time, whereas time itself never ages, but remains immortal because of memory. Nevertheless his company was not without charm during the period of his silence ; for he would maintain a conversation by the expression of his eyes, by gestures of his hand and nodding his head ; nor did he strike men as gloomy or morose ; for he retained his fondness for company and his cheerfulness. This part of his life he says was the most uphill work he knew, since he practised silence for five whole years ; for he says he often had things to say and could not do so, and he was often obliged not to hear things the hearing of which wouldiiave enraged him, and often when he was moved and inclined to break out in a rebuke to o</y«.?. y. is others, he said to himself: '^ Bear up then, my heart

37


FLAVIUS PHII.OSTRATUS

CAP. /cat yXcorra^^ 7rp6<; iavTov (f)dvai, Xoycov re irpoo-fcpovaavToyp avrco irapelvai rav eXey^ec^; t6t€.

XV

CAP. ^il6Tpi^|re re Toif<i ta}? (rt(07ri]s ^p6vov<; rbv [xev iv YlaficpyXof^, rov he ev KiXtKia, kcli ^aSi^cov So' ovrco rpv(pct)vTO)i^ edvoov ovSa/xov e(j)6ey^aro, ovK virrj'^dri ypv^at. oirore fMrjv araaia^ovcrr} TToXec evTv^oL, iroXXal Be iaTaala^ov virep OeafJbdrwv ov airovhaifov, irapeXOcdv dv kol hel^a^ eavTov, Kau tl kol /jLeXXovar}<i eiTLTrXrj^eoi^ rfi %6i/3t Kai T(p TrpoacoTrq) evheL^dfievo^i, e^yprjT dv dra^la irucra, Kai coajrep ev fjbvarrjploi'i eatcoTrcov. Kol TO fjbev Tov<; op'^Tjarcov re kol LTTTrayv eveKa <TTa<Tid^6LV (jopfi/qKora^; dvaa'^elv ovttco fieya, ol yap virep tolovtcov draKTovvTCf;, dv 7rpo<; dvBpa IbBcoaLV, epvOpLcocFi re Kal avrcov einXaix^dvovTai Ka\ paara Sr) e? vovv rjKOvai, XifjiO) 8e TreTTtecr/jLevTjv ttoXlv ov paSiov evrjvlq) Kal TrcOavw Xoyo) fjLerahi- hd^ai Kal 6pyPj<i iravaai. aXX* ^ KTVoXXodvLW Kal 7) aLCOTrr) tt/do? tou? ovtco SiaKet/jLevovf; r^pKet. d(f>iKeTO fxev yap e? " AcnrevSov r^jv Tla/j>(f)vXcov — 7r/)09 ^vpv/jLeSovTO Se olKelrat irorajjuw rj TroXt? avrrj, rpurr] tmv eKel — opo^ot 8' covlol Kal rd 69 ffpojatv dvayKata 8U/3oaKev avTov<;, rbv yap alrov ol Svvarol ^vyKXeiaavref; el^ov, 'w eKKairr}- Xevdelr} rrjf; ^a)yoa9. dvrjpeOtaTO Br] eirl tov

38


LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK I

and tongue ;" and when reasoning offended him he chap. had to give up for the time the refuting of it.


XV

These years of silence he spent partly in Pam- chap. phylia and partly in Cilicia ; and though his paths lay ^^ throuffh such effeminate • races as these, he never ^^*^ ^'^^^^^ spoke nor was even induced to murmur. Whenever, chants of however, he came on a city engaged in civil conflict ^®° "^ (and many were divided into factions over spectacles of a low kind), he would advance and show himself, and by indicating part of his intended rebuke by manual gesture or by look on his face, he would put an end to all the disorder, and people hushed their voices, as if they were engaged in the mysteries. Well, it is not so very difficult to restrain those who have started a quarrel about dances and horses, for those who aVe rioting about such matters, if they turn their eyes to a real man, blush and check themselves and easily recover their senses ; but a city hard pressed by famine is not so tractable, nor so easily brought to a better mood by persuasive words and its passion quelled. But in the case of ApoUonius, mere silence on his part was enough for those so affected. Anyhow, when he came to Aspendus in Pamphylia (and this city is built on the river Eurymedon along with two others), he found nothing but vetch on sale in the market, and the citizens were feeding upon this and on anything else they could get ; for the rich men had shut up all the corn and were holding it up for export from the country. Consequently an excited


39


FLAVrUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. ap-^ovra t)\iiCLa irdaa /cal irvpo^ eir avTOv TjiTTovTO Kairoi iTpoaKeifievov to2<; ^aaCkeioi^^ dvBptdaiv, ot Kol rov Ai09 rov iv 'OXu/XTr/a (f)0^€p(OTepoL rjaav Tore Kal davXorepot, Ti^epiov ye 6vTe<;, e^' ov XeycTau rt? dcreffrjaaL So^at TV7rT7]ora<; rov eavrov SovXov (f^epovra Spa'^/xyv dpyvpdv v€vo/jLia/iiev7]v e? TLJSepiuv. irpocreXOcov ovv TO) ap'^ovTL Tjpero avrov rrj ')(eLpL, 6 tl eh] TOVTo, rov Se dhtKelv fiev ovSev ^rjoravTO<^, dhiKel- arOat he fJberd rov 8i']fjL0V, Xoyov 8 el p,rj TV')(Oi, ^vvairoXeladai too Bi]/jL(p, /jbereorrpdcf)!] re 6t9 tov<; TrepLearrjKOTaf; 6 'ATroA-Xcoi^to? kol evevaev &>? 'y^prf aKovaai, ol he ov p^ovov icncoTrrfcrav l/tt' e/cirX'q^ecof; T/}? 7rpbs avTOV, dXXa Kat to irvp eSevro eiri tojv l3o)/jL(Ji)v rojv avToOi. dvaOapprjaa^ ovv o dp-^cov oecva, eq>ri/ kul o oeLva, TrA-etou? enroiv, rov XifjLov Tov KaOeaTT^KOTO'^ aiTtoL, Tov yap alrov d'TroXa(36vTe<^ (jivXarrovai Kar aXXo<; dXXo t>}? '^a)pa<;y hcaKeXevop,evo)v he roiv Acrirevhicov dXXr]Xoi<; eTfl tov<; dypov<; ^oirdv, dvevevaev 6 ^KiToXXcovLo^ pLTj TTpdrreiv tovto, pieraKaXelv he pbdXXov Toi)^ iv rfi alria kol Trap eKovrwv evpeaOai rov alrov. d(f)LKop.evcov he p^tfcpov p.ev ehe7]cre Kal (f)(ovr]v eV avTovs prj^at, Tradcov n IT pet's rd Tcov TToXXcov haKpva — Ka\ yap Traihla ^vveppviJKec fcal yvvaca, Kal o)Xo(f>vpovTO oi yeyifpaKore^i, o)? avruKa hr) diToBavovp.evoL Xip^w —

40


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

crowd of all ages had set upon the o-oveinor, and chap. were lighting a fire to burn him alive, although he was ehnging to the statues of the Emperor, which were more dreaded at that time and more inviolable tlian the Zeus in Olympia ; for they were statues of Tiberius, in whose reign a master is said to have been held guilty of impiety, merely because he struck his own slave wiien he had on his person a silver drach- ma coined ^^ ith the image of Tiberius. Apollonius then went up to the governor and w ith a sign of his hand asked him what was the matter ; and he answered that he had done no wrong, but was indeed being wronged quite as much as the popu- lace ; but, he said, if he could not get a hearing, he would perish along with the populace. Apollonius then turned to the bystanders, and beckoned to them that they must listen ; and they not only held their tongues from wonderment at him, but they laid the fire they had kindled on the altars which were there. The governor then plucked up courage and said: "This man and that man," and he named several, " are to blame for the famine which has arisen ; for they have taken away the corn and are keeping it, one in one part of the country and another in another." The inhabitants of Aspendus thereupon passed the word to one another to make for these men's estates, but Apollonius signed with his head, that they should do no such thing, but rather summon those who were to blame and obtain the corn from them with their consent. And when, after a little time the guilty parties arrived, he very nearly broke out in speech against them, so much was he affected by the tears of the crowd ; for the children and women had all flocked together, and the

41


XV


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP Tou^&v hi TO Tf;9 <Tfa,7r^. 867Ma 'ipH f W«M- -" aaT6Zo. i^i^Wi^v, Kal 8^8«<ra- am7.'C0.-a^ T»

Z^Kaia 7«P. VeJ? 8^ «8«<» °^"^ '^^-"^^f aiT^ «i)T«. /xomv /*t,Tipa, ical u M ^civ,Te^f^. ov. ed.co i/xa, 6^' a^T,}. i<TT«m.. ^ TavTa


XVI

CAP 'E7r6d.o/T^<7e xal ' Av-noxda rfj /.eydXy ■ne-rrav-^ ^"' uevo? ToO ^io>nrav, Kal -rrapn^Oe. « To^iepo. tov Aa4>valov'A^6\\covo,, S nepcd7rrov<riv A<ravp,oc to/ fiveov TO. WpKdSa- Tvv yap rov Aah<opo^ AASvvv iKd f^eTa4>vva, \iyov,T.,, Kal 7roTa/.09 aiTol, pet Adh<o,; Kal 4>^r6v rcf^drai -rrap avTOK SdSvv;, rovTO 8,; to avTlr^ Trap^.Vou, KVjapcTTWU reHv dMX<^va ^epcearriKe kvkXo, to cepov, Ka, ^nyd, iK&iS^<TCV 6 xi>po, d4>d6vov, T€ Kai vpet^v- ^a,, ah rov ' A^oXXco <^a<Tl i^aive^Bai evravOa kv- ^aplrrov re epvo, vyV dvaSeBo>Kev. 6,r. Kv^apcrT<p . Aaal. # n^V 'A<T<Tvpla,, Kal wcarovrac Tr,v l^era- BoXnv fi&pa Tov <#.vTov. Kal lam veaviKcorepov d.,rreaeac SoK& rov Xoyov hia^veoXoy&v Ta to,- avra- ,lXX' oix ^^^P ^^^^oXoyia, ravra. t. Se f^oc


42


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

old men were groaning and moaning as if they were chap. on the point of dying by hunger. However,, he respected his vow of silence and wrote on a writing board his indictment of the offenders and handed it to the governor to read out aloud ; and his indict- ment ran as follows : " Apollonius to the corn-dealers of Aspendus. The earth is mother of us all, for she is just ; but you, because you are unjust have pretended that she is your mother alone ; and if you do not stop, I will not permit you to remain upon her." They were so terrified by these words, that they filled the market-place with corn and the city revived.

X\T

After the term of his silence was over he also chap. visited the great Antioch, and passed into the Temple ^^ ^ of the Apollo of Daphne, to which the Assyrians Andoch of attach the legend of Arcadia. For they say that Syria Daphne, the daughter of Ladon, there underwent her metamorphosis, and they have a river flowing there, the Ladon, and a laurel tree is worshipped by them which they say was substituted for the maiden ; and cypress trees of enormous height surround the Temple, and the ground sends up springs both ample and placid, in which they say Apollo purified himself by ablution. And there it is that the earth sends up a shoot of cypress, they say in honour of. Cyparissus, an Assyrian youth ; and the beauty of the shrub lends credence to the story of his metamorphosis. Well, perhaps I may seem to have fallen into a somewhat juvenile vein to approach my story by such legendary particulars as these, but my interest

43


FLA VI us PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. o Xoyo'i BovKerai ; 6 'ATToXXcoz^to? Ihcov to lepop XVI /I V , , , ^ , / , , ,

'^aplev fxev, crirov^i]v S' €v avro) ovSefxlau, dXX* dv~

6p(07rov^ 7)/jLL^ap/3dpov<; koI dfiovaov^ ""AttoWov,'^

€(f>r), " fierd^aXe roi'? d^(ovov<; e? SevBpa, iva kclv

ft)9 KVirdpiTTOt r]^o)aLV.^^ Td<; Be TTTjya'i iTnaKeyfrd-

/jL6vo(;, 6t)9 yaXijVrjv dyovat fcal Kekapv^ec (T(f)(ov

ovoejjiia, r] acpcovia, eiirev, rj evravoa ovoe

Tat9 TTTjyaif; ^vy)(^ct)peL (pdeyyeaOai. Trpo? Be rov

AdBayva IBodv " ou;^ rj Ovydrrjp,^^ €<p7], " aol fiovrj

/juere^aXev, dWd koL av to5 Bo^at /3dpffapo<;

i^ ^X\rjv6<; re Kal 'A/o/ca3o9." iirel Be eyvco

BiaXeyeaOat, ra fxev o/jitXovfieva tcov ')((opLCdv

Kal draKTOVvra irapyrelro, <^rjaa^ ovk dvOpcoTrcov

eavTM Betv, dXX dvBpoyv, ra Be cre/jLvorepa ecre^olra

Koi a)/c€i TMV lepcov ra fir] KXrjiard. rjXiOV fiev

Brj dvi<T')(0VT0<^ e(/)' eavrov riva eirparTev, a fjuovoif;

iirolet BrjXa Tol<i irS)v rerrdpcov aiwirdv yeyvfMva-

ajxevoL^;, rov Be /juerd ravra Ka^pov, et fiev EXXa9

97 7roXt9 €L7] Kal ra lepd yvcopLfxay ^vyKaXwv av

Toi'9 lepea^; ecptXoaocpec irepl rwv Oecov Kal Biayp-

60VTO avTov<;, et irov rayv vo/jLC^o/ievcov e^aXXdrToiep,

el Be jBdp^apd re Kal IBiorpoira etrj, BiefidvOave

TOV<; IBpvcra/jLevovq avra Kal e'^' otco IBpvdr),

7rv66/jLev6<; re, oirrj depaTreverat ravra Kal vtto-

OefJLevo<;, et n ao<^(iirepov rov Bpco/juevov evdv/nrjOeirj,

44


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

is not really in mythology. What then is the chap. purport of my narrative ? Apolloniiis^, when he ' beheld a Temple so graceful and yet the home of no serious studies, but only of men half-barbarous and uncultivated, remarked : " O Apollo, change these dumb dogs into trees, so that at least as cypresses they may become vocal." And when he had inspected the springs, and noted how calm and quiet they were, and how not one of them made the least babble, he remarked : " The prevailing dumb- ness of this place does not permit even the springs to speak." And when he saw the Ladon he said : " It is not your daughter alone that underwent a change, but you too, so far as one can see, have become a barbarian after being a Hellene and an Arcadian." And when he was minded to converse, he avoided the frequented regions and the dis- orderly, and said, that it was not a rabble he wanted but real men ; and he resorted to the more solemn a day of places, and lived in such Temples as were not shut Antioch" up. At sunrise, indeed, he performed certain rites by himself, rites which he only communicated to those who had disciplined themselves by a four years' spell of silence ; but during the rest of the day, in case the city was a Greek one, and the sacred rites familiar to him, he would call the priests together and talk wisely about the gods, and would correct them, supposing they had departed from the traditional forms. If, however, the rites were barbarous and peculiar, then he would find out who had founded them and on what occasion they were established, and having learnt the sort of cult it was, he would make suggestions, in case he could think of any improvement upon them, and then he

45


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. fjL€T7Jec iirl tou? ofjii\r)Ta<; Kal eKeXevev ipcordv, a ^ovKovTat. €(f)aaK€ jap '^prjvai tov^ ovtco (fiiXo- ao(f)ovvTa(; rjov'; fiev apy^ojjievr^f^ ^vvelvat Seol<;, 7rpo'iova7]<; Se irepl Oeoav, top Se jjuera ravra fcaipov avOpcoireicop Trepc ra? ^vvovaia^i iroielaOai. eliroov 8' av wpo's TOV'^ eralpovf;, oiroaa i^pcorcov, Kal LKai'0)<; T?)? TOLavTr)<; ^vvovaia^ ^X^^ ^'^*' "^V^ ^^^~ Xe^LV dviararo Xolttov ttjv 69 iravTa*^, ov irpo /jb6arjfi^pLa<^, dW' oirore fJbaXiara tj rj/juepa iarrj/coL. /cat 8caXe')(0€l's dv 009 dTrapKelv ojero, rjXen^eTo re Kal rpcylrdfjievo*; let eavrov e? vhwp '\jrv')(p6v, yrjpuf; dvOpcoTTCOv Ka\o)v rd /3a\aveta' t?}9 yovp ^Avrio- ')^eia<; diroK\eL(76eLori<^ 69 avrd iirl jJuejaXoif; ■ dfiapTTjixaaLv " eScoKcv v/jlIv,^' ecpr), *' 6 ^aacXevf; KaKOi<; ovac ^ccovai irXeiova err). ^^^ealcov he ^ovXo/jievcov KaraXtOaxrai, top dp')(ovTa iirl tco fir) eKTTvpovv rd ^aXavela " v/jLel^; fxev top dp')(0PTa,^^ €(^7), '* alndaOe, eireihr] iroprfpo)^ XovaOe, iyco Be vfia<;, OTL Xovaue.


XVII

CAP. Aoycov Be IBeap iTrrjaKrjcrep ov BiOvpapi/ScoBr)

XVII \ I -V ' » t > i <^y f

Kat (pXey/jiaipovaav TToirjTtKOL^ oi'Ojuacnp, ovo av KaTeyXcoTTca/nePTjp Kal vTrepamKi^ovcrav, dr]Be(; ydp TO vwep rrjp /juerpiap ^ArdiBa rjyelro, ovBe XeirToXoyia eBiBov, ovBe Birjye rov^i X6yov<;, 46


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

would go in quest of his followers and bid them ask chap. any questions they liked. For he said that it was ' the duty of philosophers of his school to hold con- verse at the earliest dawn with the gods, but as the day advanced, about the gods ; and during the rest of the day to discuss human affairs in friendly inter- course. And having answered all the questions which his companions addressed to him, and when he had had enough of their society, he would rise and give himself up for the rest of the day to the general public, not however before mid-day, but as far as possible just when the day stood still. And when he thought he had had enough of such conversation, he would be anointed and rubbed, and then fling him- self into cold water, for he called hot baths the old age of men. At any rate when the people of Condemns Antioch were shut out of them because of the^^*^**^® enormities committed there, he said : " The Emperor, for your sins, has granted you a new lease of life." And when the Ephesians wanted to stone their governor because he did not warm their baths enough he said to them : " You are blaming your governor because you get such a sorry bath ; but I blame you because you take a bath at all."


XVII

The literary style which he cultivated was not chap. dithyrambic or tumid and swollen with poetical ^^^^ words, nor again was it far-fetched and full of ^j literary affected Atticisms ; for he thought that an excessive oratorical

1 » stvle

degree of Atticising was unpleasant. Neither did he indulge in subtleties, nor spin out his discourses ; nor

47


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. ovBe elpayvevojjievov ri^ rjKovcrev rj TrepLTrarovvTo^ 69 Tovs aKpowfievov^y aXX' (ocnrep eV rpiiroho^; ore SiaXeyoLTo " olSa^^ eXeye koL *' Sokcc p.oi^^ Kai TTOL (pepeaue ; Kai ^p-q etoevai. Kai at Bo^ai ^pa^^etat kol a8afj,dvTLV0c, Kvpcd re ovo/nara Kai TrpocnrecpuKOTa tol(; irpdyfjiaai, Kai rd Xeyo/jLeva rj^co ei^ev, oianrep diro aKrjTrrpov

6€/jLL(TT€v6fjL€Va. ipOflivOV §6 aVTOV TO)V aTCVoXc-

a^ovPTCov TLv6<;, orov eveKa ov ^rjTOir), *' otl,^^ €(f)r), '* fjuetpuKLOv COP i^rjTTjaa, vvv Se ov ')(^pi) ^7]T€lv, dWd SiSdcTKecv d evprjKa.'^ "ttoj? ovv, WiruWcovLe, hiaXi^erai 6 ao(^6<; ; " irdXiv eirepopbevov avrov

    • (W9 voiioOerrfq,'" ecpr), " Set yap rov vn/jLoOerrjv,

d ireiretKev eavrov, ravra eiriTdyjiara e? tou? 7roXXov<; iroielaOaLr coSe avrw ra iv ^Avrco^eia ecnrovhd^ero, Kai iirearpe^ev 69 eavrov dvOpoiirovs dfJbovo-oTdrov^.


XVIII

CAP. Mera he ravra Xoyta^ov eavrw StSoL'9 aTroSr)- yu,ta9 /jLei^ovo<;, evuvfietraL ro Vvolkov euvo^ Kau rov<^ ev avru) (to<^ovs, o'l Xeyovrat lipa)(^/LLdve<; re Kai "TpKduLot eivac, wpocnJKeii/ <p7](Ta<; vew dvSpl dTroSrjfJLelv re Kai vrrepopuo atpeadai. evprj/bua Be Toi'9 p,dyov<=; eiroielro, oc Ba^vXojva Kai Zovaa oLKovai, Kai ydp dv Kai ra eKeivcov ciapiaOelv 08a) '■)(^p(i)fjbevo'^. Kai 7r/309 tol'9 6/jLi\7]rd<i errrd ovra^ dve(f)7jve r^jp yvcofirjv. 7retpco/j,ev(Ov Be avrwv

48


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 1

did anyone ever hear him dissembling in an ironical chap. way^ nor addressing to his audience methodical argu- ments ; but when he conversed he would assume an oracular manner and use the expressions, "■ I know," or ^^It is my opinion/' or, ^'^ Where are you drifting to ? " or, " You must know." And his sentences were short and crisp, and his words were telling and closely fitted to the things he spoke of, and his words had a He spoke as ring about them as of the dooms delivered by a authority^ sceptred king. And when a certain quibbler asked him, why he asked no questions of him, he replied : " Because I asked questions when I was a stripling ; and it is not my business to ask questions now, but to teach people what I have discovered." " How then," the other asked him afresh, "O Apollonius, should the sage converse ? " " Like a law-giver," he replied, ^'^for it is the duty of the law-giver to deliver to the many the instructions ol whose truth he has persuaded himself." This was the line he pursued during his stay in Antioch, and he converted to himself the most unrefined people.


XVIII

After this he formed the scheme of ai\ extensive chap. voyage, and had in mind the Indian race and ^^ ^^^ the sages there, who are called Brahmans and vStTo^ * Hyrcanians ; for he said that it was a young man's i»dia duty to go abroad and to embark upon foreign travel. But he made a great deal of the Magi, who live in Babylon and Susa. For, he said, he was determined to acquaint liimself thoroughly with their lore, even if it cost him a journey. And he announced his intention to his followers, who were

49

VOL. I. E


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. ^Vfi^ovXevetv erepa, et ttt] a<^eX^^etr; Trj<i opfJbrj^ TavTr](i, iyo) fxeu ^eoi;?," €<f)r), " avfi^ouXovf; ireTTolrjfiai Kal ra hehoyfjueva eiprjKa, v/jLcov Be ^dcravov iTrocov/nTjv, el tt/oo? airep 67ft) eppwaOe' eVel Toivvv fiaXaKco^; ep^ere, vfiel<; fiev vytalvere,^' e(f)r), " fcal ^iXoao^elre' e/iol Be ^aBoarea, ol (TOi^ia re kol Baificov fie dyeL." ravra elirtjov i^eXavpec Tr}<; ^ Ai>rL0^eia<; fiera Bvolv Oepa- TTOVTOCv, olirep avrw TrarpiKoo TjaTrjv, 6 fiev e? Td')(^o<i ypd(f)a)p, 6 Be e's- KdXXo<;.


XIX

XIX ^cil d(f)LKvelTat 69 rijv dp^aiav ^tvov, iv fj dyaXfxa 'iBpvrai rpoirov ^dp^apov, ean Be apa 'I&) Y] ^lvd')(ov Kal Kepara rcov Kpordcfxcv eKKpovei fXLKpa KoX olov ixeXXovra. evravOa Biarpi^ovTC Kal irXeidi ^vvievrc irepl rov dydX/jLaro^; rj ol i€pei<; Kal 7rpo(f)rjTac, 7rpo(Te(f)OLTr)ae Aa/xt? NiWo?, bv KaTap'ya<i e<f)')]v ^vvairoBr^iMrjaai ol Kai ^vvefiTropov yeveaOai tt}? ao(jiia'^ Trdarjf; Kai TroXXa rov dvBpo^ BtaacoaacrOat, 09 dyao-Oel<i avrov Kai ^7)Xcocra<; Trj<; 6B0V " Iwpbevy^ €(f)r), " ' ATToXXcovce, av fiev 0ea> €7r6fjLevo<;, eyo) he aol, /cal yap fie Kai iroXXov a^cov evpoi'^ av et fJLev aXKo tl ovk otoa, to ovv 69 ^a/3vX(ova rJKOv, 7r6Xet<; re, oirocrai elalv, olBa

50


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 1

seven in number ; bnt when they tried to persuade ^^j him to adopt another plan, in hopes of drawing him ^.^ off from his resolution, he said : " I have taken the follower gods into counsel and have told you their decision ; "-'^^"^^^ and I have made trial of you to see if you are strong enough to undertake the same things as myself. Since therefore you are so soft and effeminate, 1 wish you very good health and that you may go on with your philosophy ; but I must dep irt whither wisdom and the gods lead me." Having said this he quitted Antioch with two attendants, who belonged to his father's house, one of them a shorthand writer and the other a calligraphist.


XIX


And he reached the ancient city of Xineveh, m here chap, he found an idol set up of barbarous aspect, and it is, ^^^ they say, lo, the daughter of Inachus, and horns short ^f^^^gj and, as it were, budding project from her temples. The image While he was staying there and forming wiser con- of lo elusions about the image than could the priests and prophets, one Damis, a native of Nineveh, joined him Damis joins as a pupil, the same, as I said at the beginning, who ^^"^ became the com})anion of his wanderings abroad and his fellow-traveller and associate in all Avisdom, and who has preserved to us many particulars of the sage. He admired him, and having a taste for the road, said: "Let us depart, Apollonius, you following God, and I you ; for I think you will find me of con- siderable value. For, if I know nothing else, I have at least been to Babylon, and I know all the cities

51 E 2


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. aveXOoiv ov iraXai koI Kco^a<;, iv al<; iroWa ayaOd, koI fjb'qv Kai ra^ (f)0)va<; rcov ^ap^apcovj oiTOcrai elaiv, elal ^e aXXr) fxev ^Apfjuei'icov, aWr) Be ^yjScov T€ Kal JJepacov, aWrj 3e J^aSovatcov, /jL€Ta\a/ji/3dv(o Be Tracra?.' " eyco Se," elirev, " w iralpe, iraaMV ^vvir^jjUy fjbaOoiv iir^Befxiav.^^ dav/jud- (TavTo<^ he Tov I^ivlov '* /jlt) Oav/judarj^,^^ elirev, ** el 7r<xcr<z? olBa <Pa)va<; dvOpcoTTfov olSa yap Brj koL oaa <TiwiTO}(TLV avOpwTTOL. * o fjuev Br) ^ Kaavpio^ irpoar^v^aTO avrov, ft)9 ravra rjKovcre, Kal axrirep Baifiova e^lXeire, crvvrjv re avTa> eiriBiBovf; rrjv €ro(j)Lav Kal 6 tl fJbdOoi fjLvr)/jLOPevcov. ^wvrj Be rjv Tc5 ^ AacrvpKp ^f/x/xerpa)? irpdrrovaa^ to yap XoyoetBe^; ovk elyev, are iraiBevOel^ ev ^ap^dpot^;, Biarpt/Sriv Be dvaypd'y^ai Kai avvovalav Kal 6 n TjKovaev f) elBev dvarvircocrat Kal vTrofivrj/jLa tmv ToiovTCOv ^vvOelvau (T(f)oBpa LKavb<; rjv, Kal CTreTij- Beve TOVTO dptara dvOpcoTrcov. r) yovv BeXro^ rj TO)v eKc^arvta fjidrodv tolovtov tm Ad/juiBi vovv el'^ev Ad/jLL^ e^ovXero fj/qBev rwv ^AttoWcovlov dyvoeladai, dW ei n Kai 'TTape(^Oey^aTo rj d/uLeXco<? elirev, dvayeypd(f)6ai Kal rovro, Kal d^Lov ye elrrelv, a Kal tt/jo? tov fjLefiyjrd/bLevnv ttjv BiaTpi^rjv TavT7]v d7re(f)0ey^aTO. BiaavpovTO<^ yap avTov dvOpdnrov paOvfjiov re Kal ^aaKavov, Kai Ta fjbev dXXa opOo)<^ dvaypdcfietv <pr]aavTO<^, oiroaui yvMfJbai re elat. Kal BoPai tov dvBpo<;,

53


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

there are, because I have been ui> there not lone- CHAP.

"VT V

ago, and also the villages in which there is much ffood to be found ; and moreover, I know the languages of the various barbarous races, and there are several, for example the Armenian tongue, and that of the Medes and Persians, and that of the natives of Kadus, and I am familar with all of them." " And I," said ApoUonius, " my good friend, under- Apoiionius' stand all languages, though I never learnt a single ^^^o^yan one." The native of Nineveh was astonished at tongues this answer, but the other replied : " You need not wonder at my knowing all human languages ; for, to tell you the truth, 1 also understand all the secrets of human silence." Thereupon the Assyrian wor- shipped him, when he heard this, and regarded him as a demon ; and he stayed with him increasing in wisdom and committing to memory whatever he learnt. This Assyrian's language, however, was of a mediocre quality, for he had not the gift of express- ing himself, having been educated among the Damis' barbarians; but he kept a journal of their intercourse, ApSkmii^ and recorded in it whatever he heard or saw, and he Their style was very well able to put together a memoir of such matters and managed this better than anyone else could do. At any rate the volume which he calls his scrap-book, was intended to serve such a purpose by Damis, who was determined that nothing about Apoiionius should be passed over in silence, nay, that his very solecisms and negligent utterances should also be written down. And I may mention the answer which he made to one who cavilled and found fault with this journal. It was a lazy fellow and malignant who tried to pick holes in him, and remarked that he had recorded well enough a lot of

53


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATLS

CAi'. ravTt Be ra ovtco /niKpa ^vXkeyo/^tevov irapa- XIX , ^ , ^

7r\7J(TlOV TTOV TOL<; KVCTl TTpaTTetV TOt<? GITOV-

jxevoL^ ra eKiriirrovTa rr/^; BaiTO^;, vTroXa/Soiv o AdfjLL<; " el ^atre?," ecfirj, Beoiv elat kol aiTovvraL OeoL, irdvTw^ irov kol OepdirovTe^ avroU elaiv, oh fieXei Tov /jLTjSe rd iriirTovTa Tri<; dfjL^poa[a<; diroX- Xvadav.^^

XX


XX


CAP. TofcoOSe fjuev eraipov kol epacnov erv^ev, c5 rb iroXif TOV /3iov avveTTopevdrj. irapuovra^ he avT0v<; €9 TTjv /jLearjv roiv irorafiMv 6 Te\(ovrj<; 6 eirt^e^XTj/xevof; tS> TievyyuaTi 7rpo<; to irwdKLov r/ye koX rjpcoTa, 6 tl dirdyoiev, o Be AttoX- XcovLO^ " dirdyw " e(^rj '* aco(j)pO(Tvvr)v BiKaiotrvvqv dpeTTjv eyKpdTecav dvBpeiav daKrjo-iv, iroXXa KoX OVTCO OrjXea elpa^ ovofxaTa. 6 8' r^hrj ^XeTTXOV TO eavTov K€pBo<; '* diroypa^^raL ovv " e<^r/ " Ta^; SouXa?." o he ** ovfc e^eaTtv," elirev, " ov yap hovXa<; dirdyco TuvTa^, dXXd Bea-TroLva^," T7)v Be Twz^ TTOTa/jLMV /jueo-rjv 6 Tiypc^ d7ro(f>aivec KoX 6 Ev(t>pdTr]<;, peovTe^ fiev ef "kp^evia^ koI Tavpov XrjyovTo^y irepi^dXXovTe^ Be Tjireipov, ev rj KoX 7r6Xet<; fiev, to Be irXelo-Tov KMfiai, eOvr) re 54


LIFE OF APOLLOMUS, BOOK I

things, for example, the opinions and ideas of his chap. hero, but that in collecting such trifles as these he reminded him of dogs who pick up and eat the fragments which fall from a feast. Dam is replied thus : " If the banquets are those of gods, and it is gods who are being fed, surely they must have attendants whose business it is that not even the parcels of ambrosia that fall to the ground should be lost."


XX

Such was the companion and admirer that he had chap. met with, and in common with him most of his travels and life were passed. And as they fared on oA^e into Mesopotamia, the tax-gatherer who presided Bridge over the Bridge {Zeugma) led them into the registry and asked them what they were taking out of the country with them. And ApoUonius replied : " I am taking with me temperance, justice, virtue, continence, valour, discipline." And in this way he strung together a number of feminine nouns or names. The other, already scenting his own per- quisites, said : " You must then write down in the register these female slaves." ApoUonius answered : " Impossible, for they are not female slaves that I am taking out with me, but ladies of quality. '

Now Mesopotamia is bordered on one side by the Character of Tigris, and on the other by the Euphrates, rivers JlmS*^ which flow from Armenia and from the lowest slopes of Taurus ; but they contain a tract like a continent, in which there are some cities, though for the most part only villages, and the races that inhabit them

55


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATLS

CAP. ^Apfievca kcu W.pd/3ca, a ^vy/c\€Laavre<=^ ol Trora/xoL €')(ovaLv, o)v /cat vo/jLad€<i oi woWot arei^ovaLV, ovTco Tt vrjaicora^ iavrov^ vofii^opre^;. 009 eirl ddXarrdv re Kara/Saiveiv (f)daK€LP, or iirl rov^ irora/JLOv^ ^aSt^otep, opov re iroLelaOai rrjf; <yrj<i TOP T(t)v Trorap.oiv kvkXov diroropvevaavre's 'yap rrjv 7rpo€tp7]fi6V7]p -qiretpov iirl rrjv avrrjv Tevrat OdXarrav. elal h\ oX (paatv 69 eXo? dipavL^eaOac

TO TTOXV TOV ¥jV(f)pdTOV KOi TeXeVTCiV TOP TTOTa/JLOV

TOVTOP ip TTJ yfj. Xoyov 3' epioc OpaavTepov iipdiTTOPTaL, (pdaK0PT6<i avTOv viro tt} yfj peoPTa 69 KlyviTTOP dpa(f)aiP€a6ai koX ^eiXw avyKepdv- pvaOat. d/cpt^oXo'yLa'i fi6P Srj epeKa koI tov firjSep irapaXeXel^Bai p,oi tojp yeypa/x/juepcop viro TOV Aa//,tSo9 e/SovXofiTjp ap koX tcl Slol tmp jSap^dpcop TovTcov 7rop€Vo/jL€POL<; (TTTovSaaOePTa elirelv, ^vpeXavpec Be r)fid<; 6 X0709 i^ tcl p^ei^co t€ KoX OavfiaaccoTepa, ov firjp ct)9 Svolp ye dp,eXr/aaL TOVTOiP, Trj<; Te dpSpeLa<^, 77 '^^^pco/xepof; 6 'AttoXXco- VLo<; Sierropevdr] /Sdp^apa eOprj koI XyaTpcfcd, ovS'

VTTO 'VdOp^aiOL^ TTCO OPTU, T?}? Te CTOt^'ia^, 7] TOP

Apd^LOP TpoTTOP 6*9 ^vpeacp Tr}<; tmp ^q)(op (f)(opi]<; rjXOep. €/jba6e Be tovto hid tovtcopI tmp ^Apa^tcov 'TTopevop.epo<; dptaTa yiypcocTKOPTCOV Te avTo koI irpaTTOPTCop. ecTTC yap tcjp ^Apa/Bicop 7]Br) kocpop Kal TMP opplOwp aKoveiv fiapTevo/jiePMp, oirocra ol '^prjcr/jLOi, ^vjjL^dXXoprac Be tmp dXoyMP acTOv- puepoL TMP BpaKOVTMP ol p,ep KapBiap (jyaaip, ol Be rfTrap.


56


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

are the Armenian and the Arab. These races are so chaP. shut in by the rivers that most of them^ wlio lead the ^^ life of nomads^ are so convinced that they are islanders, as to say that they are going down to the sea, when they are merely on their way to the rivers, and think that these rivers border the earth and en- circle it. For they curve round the continental tract in question, and discharge their waters into the same sea. But there are ])eople who say that the greater part of the Euphrates is lost in a marsh, and that this river ends in the earth. But some have a bolder tale to which they adhere, and declare that it runs under the earth to turn up in Egypt and mingle itself with the Nile. Well, for the sake of accuracy and truth, and in order to leave out nothing of the things that Damis wrote, I should have liked to relate all the incidents that occurred on their journey through these barbarous regions ; but my subject hurries me on to greater and more remarkable episodes. Nevertheless, I must perforce dwell upon two topics : on the courage which Apollonius showed, in making a journey through races of barbarians and robbers, which were not at that time as yet subject to the Romans, and at the cleverness with which after the manner of the Arabs he managed to under- Apollonius stand the language of animals. For he learnt this Arabs t™ on his way through these Arab tribes who best language understand it and practise it. For it is quite com- mon for the Arabians to listen to the birds prophesy- ing like any oracles, but they acquire this faculty of understanding them by feeding themselves, so they say, either on the heart or the liver of serpents.


57


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


XXI


CAP. K.Trjcn(f)(i)VTa oe virep^aXwv koX irapccov e? ra ^a/3v\MP0(; opca, cfipovpa fxevavjoOi rjveK /3aai\€co<i, Tjv ovfc av iraprfkOe ti<; firj ov/c 6pcoTr)6€l(; eavrov re Kal TToKtv Kol €(/)' Ti TjKOL. aaTpdirrjf; Se ttj (f)povpa ravTTj iirereTaKTO, ^aaikeay^ tl<;, olfiaii 6(f)6a\/jL6^, o yap M7}So9 aprt e? to ap')(eLV tjkcov ov ^vveyoopeL eavTw aSeco? ^ijv, aWa ovra re koX ovk ovra SeSLO)^ 69 (^6^ov<^ KaT€7r67rTa)K€C Kol 7rT0ia<;. ayovrai TOivvv irapa top aarpdirriv ^AttoWcovlo^ re Kal ol dfjLcf) avTOVy o he erv^e fxev aK7^vr}v i(p^ dp/jLa/jLd^'r)<; 7r€7rocr)jjLevo^ Kal i^eXavvcov ttol, Ihcov he dvhpa av')(^fiov irXecdv dveKpaye re iocrirep rd heiXd twv yvvalcov Kal ^vveKaXv-^aro, /xoyi^; re dva^\ey\ra<; €9 avTOV iroOev y^fuv eTrcTrepcpOelf; 7]K€t<; ; " olov haifiova rjpaora. 6 he ** vtt e/jtavrov,^' e<pr}, " ei ttt] Kal aKovre^; dvhpe'^ yevoiader irdXiv i^pero, oan^ Mv i(T<l)OLTa T7)v /SaaLXeco'^ ^a)/^a^', o he "e//.?^," ecfyrj, Trdcra rj yrj Kal dvelrai fioi hi avTrj<; iropevecrOair Tov be paaavLOi ere, etirovTO^ ei /jlt} X€yot<;, " el yap TaL<; aavrov ')(^epaiv,^' elirev, ** ci)9 avTo<^ ^aaaviaOelrjf;, Oiywv dvhpo<^.'^ eK7rXay€L<; he avrov 6 evvov^o'^, eirel firjhe epfirjveQ)^ ecopa heofievov, dXX' viroXa/jL^dpovra ttjv cjycovijv dXvTrax; re Kal

58


LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK I


XXI


He left Ctesiplion behind, and passed on to the chap. borders of Babylon ; and here was a frontier garrison ^^^ belonging to the king, which one could not pass by ctesfpho™"^ without being questioned who one was, and as to ^ Babylon one's city, and one's reasons for coming there. And Demeanour there was a satrap in command of this j)ost, a sort of frontier " Eye of the King," I imagine ; for the Mede had just satrap acceded to the throne, and instead of being content to live in security, he worried himself about things real and imaginary and fell into fits of fear and panic. Apollonius then and his party were brought before this satrap, who had just set up the awning on his wagon and was driving out to go somewhere else. When he saw a man so dried up and parched, he began to bawl out like a cowardly woman and hid his face, and could hardly be induced to look up at him. Whence do you come to us," he said, " and who sent you ?" as if he was asking questions of a spirit. And Apollonius replied : I have sent myself, to see whether I can make men of you, whether you like it or not." He asked a second time who he was to come trespassing like that into the king's country, and Apollonius said : '^ All the earth is mine, and I have a right to go all over it and through it." Where- upon the other said : " I will torture you, if you don't answer my questions." " And I hope," said the other, "that you will do it with your own hands, so that you may catch it well, if you touch a true man." Now the eunuch was astonished to find that Apollonius needed no interpreter, but understood what he said without the least trouble or difficulty.

59


FI.AVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. €VKo\o)<i " 7rpo<i OecovT elire, " rt? el ; " XtirapMV i]8r) /cat /jLeTa/3a\a)v tov tovov. vTroXa^oov Be 6 'AttoXXooz^/o? " eTretSr) yLterptco?," €(f)r], " ravra koI 01) K (iTravOpcoTrax; r'jpov, aKOve, o? elfir elpX filv 6 vavev^ A7roX\coviO(;, 7] be 0009 irapa tov ivowv ^ao-iXea Ka6' laTopiav to)V eKel, ^ov\oLfir)v 8' av Koi T6t) (T(p /3aaL\el evrv^elv (f>aai yap avrov 01 ^vyyeyovoTe^; ov to)v (pavXcov elvaty el Br) Ovap- hdvYjs OUT09, Tr)v ap')(7]v airoXwXvldv ttot avTO) vvv iivaKeKTrj ijievo^y " eKelvo<i,^' e(^r), " Oele ^AttoX- \(t)Vie' TToXai yap ere rjicovofiev. cro^S) Be dvBpl kclv avTOv 7rapa')(^a)p^cr€ce tov ')(^pvaov Opovov, /cat 7re/jL- TTOL h av v/jLd<; e? 'IvBov^ eTrl Ka/jujXov eKaaTOV. eyot) Be Ka\ ^evov efiavTOv TroiovpLai ere Kal BlBco/jLl aot, TOVTCdv TMV ')(^pr]fjLdTcov, " dfia 6r]aavpov ')(^pvaov Bei^a^ " oirocra jBovXei BpaTTeaOai, Kal firj e? djra^, dWd BeKdKt<;.^^ TrapatTrjcrafjbevov Be avTov TCL ')(^p/]/jiaTa " (TV 3' dWd ocvov,^^ ecfyrj, *' Ba^u- Xwviov, TrpoTTivet Be avTOv ^aaiXev^ Be/ca rjfuv aaTpdirat^;, dfi(j)opea e^e, arvcov re /cat Bop/cdBcov T€ixd')(r) oTTTd, dXevpd re Kal dpTOV<; Kal 6 rt e6eXei<;. y yap /xeTa TavTa 6Bo(; eTrl iroXXd cTTdBia KoifMai eicnv ov Travv evcrcToi. Kai

Xa^6/jL€vo<; eavTOv 6 evvov'^o^;, " olov^ ^<t>V> " ^ deoi, eiraOov dKovoov yap tov dvBpa p/r\T diro ^(t)(ov aiTelaOai firJTe ocvov irlveiv, Tra^eo)? avTov Kat a/jbauo)^ eaTCO). aXX eaTL aoi, ecpt], kul

60


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

" By the gods," he said, "who are you ?" this time chap. altering his tone to a whine of entreaty. And ^ ApoUonius repHed: "Since you have asked me civilly this time and not so rudely as before, listen, I will tell you who I am : I am ApoUonius of Tyana, and my road leads me to the king of India, because I want to acquaint myself with the country there ; and I shall be glad to meet your king, for those who have associated with him say that he is no bad fellow, and certainly he is not, if he is this \^ardaii who has lately recovered the empire which he had lost." He is the same," replied the other, " O divine ApoUonius ; for we have heard of you a long time ago, and in favour of so wise a man as you he would I am sure, step down off his golden throne and send your party to India, each of you mounted on a camel. And I myself now invite you to be my guest, and I beg to present you with these treasures." And at the moment he pointed out a store of gold to him saying: '^^Take as many handfuls as you like, fill your hands, not once, but ten times." And when ApoUonius refused the money he said : Well, at any rate you will take some of the Baby- lonian wine, in which the king pledges us, his ten satraps. Take a jar of it, with some roast steaks of bacon and venison and some meal and bread and anything else you like. For the road after this, for many stades, leads through villages which are ApoUonius' ill-stocked with provision." And here the eunuch yegetarian- ' caught himself up and said : " Oh ! ye gods, what have 1 done ? For I have heard that this man never eats the flesh of animals, nor drinks wine, and here I am inviting him to dine in a gross and ignorant manner." "Well," said ApoUonius, " you

§1


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. XeTTTw? Ate eandv, fjv dpTov<; re 3w9 koI rpayT]-

XXI

fiarar " 8a)o-ft)," e(/)?7, ** ^vfjuira^; re dprov^ /cat (f>OLVLKO<; ^aXdvov^ rfKeKrp coheir re Koi p,eyd\a(;. B(t}(TQ} Kal Xdyava, oiroaa 6 Tlypc^; /crjirevet. " aXX rjSiO}, elirev 6 'KiroXXcovio^, ** rd dypia Kal avTo/jLara \dyava tmv rjvayfcacr/jLevoov Kat T6Xvr}r(ov. *' rjSio) pAv, e<f)r] 6 aaTpdirrji;, '* r] Xd>p(^ ^e r)p.tv rj eVl Ba/SuXcoi/o? d^LvOiOV 7r\r]pr]<; ovaa drj^T] avrd (fivet fcal irLKpa. ' irXrjV aWa Tov aarpdirov ye direhe^aro, koX dTnwv ^8?; ** w Xwo"Te," e^^, *' pirj Xrjye pbovov /ca\ct)<;, dWd Kal dpypyT vovOeTMV TTov avTov eiri rw '* ^aaavtoi (le," Kal oh iv dp^fj ^ap/3api^ovTO<; r)Kovae.


XXII

CAP. YipoeXOovre^i he ecKoac ardSca XeaLvr) evrvyxd- vovaiv d7rea<j)ay/jL€vr} ev Orjpa, Kal rjv to Orjplov pAya Kal ocrov ovirco elBov, e^ocov re oi eK Tri<^ K(op,7]<; crvveppvrjK6Tei Kal, vrj At', ol reOrfpaKore'^, W9 TL pukya davpia ev avrw 6p(ovTe<;' koI rjv dre^- voi^ davpia' aKvpbVov^; yap dvarpLrjOelcra oktco el^^v. 6 Be TTj^ Xealvrjf; t6ko<;, al Xeaivai purjvMv

pueV Kvt(TK0V(7LV 6^, Tpl<i he dirOTLKTOVaLV, dpiOpiO'^

he TOdv aKvpLVwv irapd piev tyjv TrpcoTrjv Tpel<;, eirl 62


LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK I

can offer me a lighter repast and give me bread and chap. dried fruits!" "' I will give you/' said the other, ^^ " leavened bread and palm dates, like amber and of good size. And I will also supply you with vegetables, the best which the gardens of the Tigris afford." "Well," said Apollonius, " the wild herbs which grow free are nicer than those which are forced and artificial." "They are nicer," said the satrap, " I admit, but our land in the direction of Babylon is full of wormwood so that the herbs which grow in it are disagreeablv bitter." In the end Apollonius accepted the satrap's offer, and as he was on the point of going away, he said : " My excellent fellow, don't keep your good manners to the end another time, but begin with them." This by way of rebuking him for saying that he would torture him, and for the barbaric language w^hich he had heard to begin with.


XXII

After they had advanced twenty stades they chap. chanced upon a lioness that had been slain in a chase ; ^^^^ and the brute was bigger than any they had ever onh?*skTn^ seen ; and the villagers rushed up and cried out, and lioness to tell the truth, so did the huntsmen, when they saw what an extraordinary thing lay before them. And it really was a marvel ; for when it was cut asunder they found eight whelps within it. And the lioness becomes a mother in this way. They carry their young for six months, but they bring forth young only three times ; and the number of the whelps at the first birth is three and at the second

63


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. Be Tr)<; Sevripa^ Bvo, rpirov he airTafjAvr) tokov /jiovrjprj (T/cvjJLVOv airoTiKTei fjue^av, oifiai, Kai dypiooTepov t>)? (j)vaeco<^. ov yap irpoaeKTea Tot<; XeyovcFLV, co? ^tjvavre'^ ol (tkvjxvol ra^; tmv Xeai- vcbv /uL7]Tpa<; eKSeSovrat rod aiT\dy')(yov. BoKet yap rfi (j>vaei tw TCKTO/jbivo) irpo^; to tlktov eimrj- Beca elvai virep cro)Trjpia<=^ rod yevov;. iucBoov ovv AiroWcovto^ Tw OrjpKp Kal ttoXvv '^popov eTTi- G'yiov " 0) Adfjn" ecjyrj, "6 ')(^p6vo^ T/79 irapd jBaaCXea diroBr^pbia'^ iviavrov earat Kal fiijvayv oktco, oure yap eKelvo'^ dvrjaei Oclttov, ovre tj/jlIv Xwop direX- Oelv TTpo TOVTOV. T€K/jiaLpecrdai Be ')(pr] tmv p^ev (TKvpivotyv €9 p^Tjva'i, T7]<; XeaLvr)^; Be 69 ivcavrov, re- Xeta yap T6Xetot9 irapa^XrjTea.^^ " 01 Be Brj crrpov- ^ot," €(f)7] 6 AdfjLL<;, OL Tvapd T(p ^Opbrjpq) tl (f)i]crGV- (TLV, 0U9 Bpd/ccov p,ev ev rfj AvXlBo eBauaaro oktco 6vTa<;, evvdrrjv iir avTol<^ rrjv pLrjripa eXdtv; Ka\^a9 8' e^r]yovfievo(i ravra evvea iviauTot<; dvecTre Kara- TToXep^Tjcrecrdai rr^v Tpolav Kal opa p,r) Kad "O/Jbrjpov re Kal KdX'^avra €9 evvea rjplv err) rj a7root]/jLia reLvrj. Kai eLKOTco<i, ecprj, w Ha/jLi,

Kal Tot'9 veoTTOv<i "O/jbijpof; evtavTot<; ecKd^et, yeyo- vacTi yap 7]B>] Kai elcnv, iyoo Be dreXrj Or^pia Kal fi7]7r(ji) yeyovora, ta(o<; Be p^rjB^ dv yev6p,eva, 7rw9 dv ivLavTol^; elKdl^oLfxt; rd yap irapd (puatv ovr av yevoLTo, ra'^etdv re icryei Bcac^Oopdv, kclv yevrjrai. dXX^ eTTov Br] tm Xoyo), Kal tcofiev €v^o/jL€voc Tot9 0€OL<; 01 ravra (paivovai,^^ 64


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

two, and if the mother makes a third attempt, it chap bears only a single whelp, but I believe a very big ^'^^^ one and preternaturally fierce. For we must not believe those who say that the whelps of a lioness make their w^av out into the world bv clawino; through their mother's womb ; for nature seems to have created the relationship of offspring to mother for their nourishment with a view to the continuance of the race Apollonius then eyed the animal for a long time, with attention, and then he said : " O Damis, the length of our stay with the king will be a year and eight months ; for neither will he let us go sooner than that, nor will it be to our advantage to quit him earlier. And you may guess the number of the months from that of the whelps, and that of the years from the lioness ; for you must compare wholes with wholes." And Damis replied: ^'^ But w^hat of the sparrows in Homer, what do they mean, the ones which the dragon devoured in Aulis, which were eight in number, when he seized their mother for a ninth ? Calchas surely explained these to signify nine years and predicted that the war with Troy would last so long ; so take care that Homer may not be right and Calchas, too, and that our stay may not extend to nine years abroad." '^'^ Well," replied Apollonius, " Homer was surely quite right in com- paring the nestlings to years, for they are already hatched out and in the world ; but what I had in mind were incomplete animals that were not yet born, and perhaps never would have been born : how could I compare them to years ? For things that violate nature can hardly come to be ; and they any- how quickly pass to destruction, even if they do come into existence. So follow my arguments, and let us go and pray to the gods who reveal thus much to us."

65

VOL. I. F


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


XXIII


CAP. TlpoekOovTi Se avrw e? t7]v K.ccr(TLav 'xoiypav koX irpo'^ BaySfXwi/t rjhr) ovrc, So^a evvTrviov e<^oiTr]aev wSe T(p (f^rjvavTt Oecp ^vvreOelaa- l')(Ov^ eKireirrw- k6t€<; TTj^ 6a\dTT'r)<; ev rfj yfj TjcTTraLpov, Oprjvov avOpcoirodv levT6<; koL oXocjivpofievoi to i/c^e/Sr]- Kevai Tov rjOov<^, S€X(j)Lvd re rfj yfj irapaveovra Ik€T€Vov d/jbvvai ac^iaiv eXeeiVol oVre?, too-irep tmv dvOpcoTTWV ol ev rfj ^evrj K\aLOVT€<;. eKTrXayel'; Se ovBev VTTO TOV ivvTTViov, ^v/jb/SdWeTac fiev avTov 07r&)<? /cal OTTT) el')(€, BiaTapaTrecv Be jBovXoixevo'^ TOV AdfiLv, Kol yap tmv evXa/SeaTepcov avrov eyu- yvco(TK6V, aTrayyeWet 7rpo<; avTov Tr)V oyjrtv, 8eo? 7r\aad/jL€vo<; &)9 eVl Trovijpot^;, oh etSev o Be dve- ^orjcre re &)? avTO^; IBayv TavTa, koL dirY]ye tov ^ KiroWdtViov tov Trpoaw " pbrj irr\r e(f>7j, " kuI r)/ji€l<; MCTTrep l')(j9v(i eKireaovTe^ tmv rjOodv diroXw- /jueOa, fcal TroWd iXeeivd ev ttj dWoBairf) eiTray/jbev, /cat iTOv /cal e? dfirj'^avov eiJb7rea6vT€<^ IfceTevaco/jLev Bvvd(7T7)v Tiva Tj /SaaiXea, o Be rjfid'; aTLfidar), KaOdTrep tov<; i')(Ov<; ol Be\^lve<^.^^ yeXdaa^; Be 6 ^ A7roW(t)VLO<; " av fiev ovirw (piXocrotpetf;,^* eiirev, " el BeBia<; iavTa, eyoD Be ol to evvirvLov Telvei Btj- Xcoaco' 'E/oeTy9i6t9 yap ttjv J^iaaiav TavT7)v ')(^o)pav oIkovglv ol e^ ]^vpoia<; iroTe Aapelo) dva')(6evTe^ eTTj TavTa irevTaKocna, Kal XeyovTai, oiGTrep rj oyjn(; i(j)dvrj, l')(Ov(ov TrdOet irepl Tr]V dXcoaiv XPV~ craadar aayrjvevOrjvat yap Brj Kal dXcovat 7rdvTa<;. 66


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I


XXIII

And as he advanced into the Cissian country and chap. was ah'eady close to Babylon^ he was visited by a ^ ^^^^ dream, and the god who revealed it to him fashioned about the^ its imagery as follows : there were fishes which had captive been cast up from the sea on to the land, and they were gasping, and uttering a lament almost human, and bewailing that they had quitted their element ; and they were begging a dolphin that was swimming past the shore to help them in their misery, just like human beings who are weeping in a foreign land. Apollonius was not in the least frightened by his dream, but set himself to conjecture its meaning and drift ; but he was determined to give Damis a shock, for he found that he was the most nervous of men. So he related his vision to him, and feigned as if it foreboded evil. But Damis began to bellow as if he had seen the dream himself, and tried to dis- suade Apollonius from going any further, "Lest," he said, " we also like the fishes get thrown out of our element and perish, and have to weep and wail in a foreign land. Nay, we may even be reduced to straits, and have to go down on our knees to some potentate or king, who will flout us as the dolphins did the fishes." Then Apollonius laughed and said : , " You've not become a philosopher yet, if you are afraid of this sort of thing. But I will explain to you the real drift of the dream. For this land of Cissia is habited by the Eretrians, who were brought up here from Euboea by Darius five hundred years ago, and they are said to have been treated at their capture like the fishes that we saw in the dream ; for they were netted in, so they say, and captured one

67

F 2


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. eoLKaaiv ovv ol OeoX fceXeuetv fie e? avTOv<; irapeK-

XXIII I /)' > -v/3'^ J'* " ^ f "

uovra e7nijL€Xr]U7]vai, crcpcov, ei n ovvaifi7]v. icra)(; 8e KoX at '\lrv)(al tcop 'EXXi^vcov, OLirep e\a-)(^ov Tifv ivravOa jiolpav, eirdyovTai jLie iir oycpeXeia tT;? 77)9' icofiev ovv i^aWd^avT€<; t/}? oSov irepl fjuovov epcor(Ji)VT€<^ Tov (f)peaTO<^, tt/^o? (d oIkovcti.^' Xeyerai, Se TOVTO KCKpaaOaL fiev dcripaXrov teal iXaiov fcal vSaTO<;, eK')(eavTO<^ he tov dvipiijcravTO'^ d'Tro')((opelv ravra koI air ccXXyXcov /cpiveaOai. nrapeXOelv fjuev Stj 69 TTjv K^LCTalav kol avTO<; 6)/jLoXo<yr]Kev ev ol<i iTpo<; TOV YiXa^ojxevLOv aocpicTTTjv <ypd(f)ei, ')(^priaTo^ yap ovtcj tl koI (^iXoTifio^; rjv, &)? eTreiSr) E^er/J^ea? eiSe, aocpiaTOv re dvafivrjadrjvai kol ypd-yjrat Tryoo? avTov d t€ eiSev d Te vrrep avTcov eirpa^ev koI irapaKeXeveTai ol irapd ti-jv ein- (TToXijv irdcrav eXeelv tov<; ^RpeTptea^;, /cal oiroTe fjueXeTcprj tov irepl avTcov Xoyov, fiijSe to fcXdeiv eV avTol<i TrapaiTelaOai.


XXIV

CAP. 'B^vvcpha he rouroi? ical 6 Ad/jLi<; irepl tcov 'Eyoe-

XXIV / y / J y r^ \ y '^ATC^

Tpiecov avayeypacpev oiKovau yap ev tjj Mrjoi/crj, Ba/^L'Xcoi/o? ov TToXv aTre^ovTe^ r)/j,epa<^ ohov hpofjLLKW dvhpl, rj %ft)/)a he aTToXi'^, rj yap K^taaLa KWfxai TTCLcra, /cau tl Kal vofidhcov ev avTrj yevo<; /jLL/cpd TMV Ilttttcov d7ro^aivovTe<;. rj he tmv Eyoe- Tpiecov olfcecTat fxev tmv dXXcov fiecrr], Trepi- ^e/SXrjTaL he iroTajjiOv Td(ppov, fjv avTol /3aX~

68 .


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

and all. It would seem then that the gods are in- chap. structing nie to visit them and tend their needs, ^^^^^ supposing I can do anything for them. And perhaps also the souls of the Greeks whose lot was cast in this part of the world are enlisting my aid for the^r land. Let us then go on and diverge from the high- road, and ask only about the well, hard by which their settlement is." Now this well is said to con- sist of a mixture of pitch and oil and water, and if you draw up a bucket and pour it out, these three elements divide and part themselves from one another. That he really did visit Cissia, he himself acknowledges in a letter which he wrote to the sophist Letter of Clazomenae ; for he was so kind and munificent, ^opMst of that when he saw the Eretrians, he remembered the ci^^*^"?^"^*^ sophist and wrote to him an account of what he about them had seen, and of what he had done for them ; and all through this letter he urges the sophist to take pity on the Eretrians and prays him, in case ever he should compose a discourse about them, not to deprecate even the shedding of tears over their fate.


XXIV

And the record Avhich Damis has left about the chap. Eretrians is in harmony with this. For they live in the country of the Medes, not far distant from of Datis Babylon, a day's journey for a fleet traveller ; but ^"etrian their country is without cities ; for the whole of carried Cissia consists of villages, except for a race of nomads toVodia that also inhabits it, men who seldom dismount from their horses. And the settlement of the Eretrians is in the centre of the rest, and tlie river is carried

69


XXIV


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAF.eaOai irepl rfj Krjofir] Xiyovrai, relxo'i avrrjv ttolov-

fievoL 7r/509 TO 1)9 iv rfj Kiaaia /3ap^dpov<;, virop.-

13 po^ Be dacpaXro) rj %a)/)a Kal TTLKpd efKpvrevaat,

^pax^^t'(*^'^<^'^oi T€ ol eKeivrj dvOpcoiroL, to ^^ap

da(f)aXTCoS€<; ttotov €9 iroWa tmv airXwyx^^'^

l^dvei. Tp6(j)€L S' avTOv^ Xo(/)09 iv opioid Trj<; K(o/xr}^,

ov {jirepaipovTa tov 7rape<f)6op6ro^ %a)^/oi; airei-

povai T€ Kal rjyovvrat yrjv. (paal Be dKOvaai tcov

ijX^P^^^' 0)9 kiTTaKoaLOi fjLev rcov 'Eperptewv Trpo^

ToU oyBorjKovra 7]\coaav, ovtl ttov fidxi^P'Oi

7raz^T€9, rjv ydp tl Kal Orjkv ev avTol^ yevo^ Kal

yeyrjpaKO^, rjv B\ olfJiai, tl Kal Traihia, to yap ttoXv

T7)9 'Eperpia^ top Kacpypea dvecpvye Kal 6 tl dKpo-

TaTov TTj^ EvjSola^. dvyjx^rjaav Be avBpe^ fiev

dfi(f)l TOL'9 T€T paKoalov^;, yvvaia Be law^; BeKa, ol Be

XoLiTol dir 'Ift)i^ta9 re Kal AvBLa<; dp^dfievoi Btecf^Od-

prjaav eXavvopbevoL civco. XiOoTopbiav Be avToU irape-

Xop^evov TOV Xocpov, Kai Tive^ Kal XiOovpyoi)^ elBoTe^;

T€xva<;, lepd re eBel/jiavTO 'EXXrjvLKa Kal dyopdv,

oiroG'Y]V eiKO^ r)v, /Scop^oix; t€ IBpvaavTO Aapetw fiev

Bvo, Bep^rj Be eva, AapiBala) Be irXeiOv^. BieTeXeaav

Be €9 AaptBalov eV?; pLeTa ttjv dXcoacv oktco Kal

oyBoTjKOVTa ypd(j)0VTe<; tov 'EXXtjvcov Tpoirov, Kal

ol Td(j)OL Be ol dpxacoL cKpcbv " Belva tov Belvo^ "

yeypd(j>aTat, Kal Ta ypdpbpuaTa 'EXXtJvcov p^ev, aXX

oviro) TavTa IBelv (j)aac, Kal vavs iyKex^pt^y-

7Q


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

round it in a trench, for they say that they them- chap. selves diverted it round the village in order to form ^^^^ a rampart of defence against the barbarians of the country. But the soil is drenched with pitch, and is bitter to plant in ; and the inhabitants are very short lived, because the pitch in the water forms a sediment in most of their bowels. And they get their sustenance off a bit of rising ground on the confines of the village, where the ground rises above the tainted country ; on this they sow their crops and regard it as their land. And they say that they have heard from the natives that 780 of the Eretrians were captured, not of course all of them fighting men ; for there was a certain number of women and old men among them ; and there was, I imagine, a certain number of children too, for the greater portion of the population of Eretria had fled to Caphereus and to the furthest extremes of Euboea. But anyhow the men who were brought up numbered about 400, and there were ten women perhaps ; but the rest, who had started from Ionia and Lydia, perished as they were driven up. And they managed to open a quarry on the hill; and as some of them understood the art of cutting stone, they built temples in the Greek style and a market-place large enough for their purpose ; and they dedicated various altars, two to Darius, and one to Xerxes, and several to Daridaeus. But up to the time of Daridaeus, 88 years after their capture, they continued to write in the manner of the Greeks, and what is more, their ancient graves are inscribed with the legend : " So ApoUonius and so, the son of so and so." And though the thSr^^Saves letters are Greek, they said that they never yet had made them out. And there were ships engraved on

71


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP.^ /jbeva<; toi<; Td<^oi<;, w<^ €KaaTO<; ev Fjvfiola e^T] TTOpOfievcov Tj 'TTop<^vpevwv i) OaXdrrtov rj Kal aX- ovpyov irpdrrcov, Kai ri kol iXeyelov dvayvcovai yeypa/ifievov eTrlvavrcov re KalvavK\7]pcov atj/jLarr

OiBe TTOT Alyaioio /3a6vppoov olB/Jia TrXeoz/re?

Fjfc^ardvcov irehlcp KsljJbeO* iv\ /jLcadrq). ^atpe KXvrrj irore Trarpl^ ^Kperpia, '^^^aiper "AOr^vai,

yeiTov€<; El'/^oit;?, %afcpe OdXaaaa (piXrj.

Tov<; fiev Br] Td(f>ov<; hie^Oopora^ dvaXa^etv re avTov 6 Adfit^; (prjal Kal ^vyKXeiaat, '^(^iaaOai re Kal eireveyKelv ai^iaiv, oiroaa vofii/jLa, irX-qv rov t6/jl€lv tl rj KaOaycaai, BaKpvaavrd re Kal viro- TrXrjcrOevTa opp>r)<; rdhe iv ixecroif; dvacpOey^aaO ar "'EpeT/o/€t9 OL KXr)p(p TV')(r]<i hevp d'7rev6')(6evTe<;, v/jL€L<; jxev, el Kal Troppco t?}? avTwv, riOacpOe yovv, ol 3' vixd<^ ivTavOa piy\ravTe<i dirayXovTO irepl rrjv vfjuerepav vrjaov dra^oi SeKdro) fJueO v/jLd<i erer to yap ev KolXrj ^v^oia 7rd6o<; 6eol (paCvovaLP.^^

  • A7roXX(ovio(; Be tt/oo? top ao(pC(TTr)v eVl reXet ri}?

iTnaroXiji; " Kal eirefJLeXrjOriv^' cfyrjaiv, " &> SKOire- Xtave, Tcov (tmv ^Rperpiecov veo<^ cov ere, Kai oicpeXrjcra 6 n iBvvdfjLTjv Kal tov<; reOvecora^; avroyv Kal TOv<i fwz^ra?." tl BrjTa eTrefieXrjOrj tcov ^covtcop; ol irpoaoLKOi tw X6(f)(p /Bdp/Sapot cnreipovTOOv tmv ^FjpeTpiecov avTOV iXrjl^ovTo Ta (pvo/neva irepl to 72


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

the tombstones^ to show that the various individuals chap. had lived in Euboea, aud engaged either in seafaring ^^^^ trade, or in that of purple, as sailors or as dyers ; and they say that they read an Elegiac inscription written over the sepulchre of some sailors and sea- farers, which ran thus :

Here we who once sailed over the deep-flowing

billows of the Aegean sea Are lying in the midst of the plain of Ecbatana. Farewell, once-famed fatherland of Eretria, farewell

Athens, Ye neighbours of Euboea, farewell, thou darling sea.

Well, Damis says that Apollonius restored the tombs that had gone to ruin and closed them up, aud that he poured out libations and made offerings to their inmates, all that religion demands, except that he did not slay or sacrifice any victim ; then after weeping and in an access of emotion, he deliv^ered himself of the following apostrophe in their midst :

" Ye Eretrians, who by the lot of fortune have been brought hither, ye, even if ye are far from your own land, have at least received burial ; but those who cast you hither perished unburied round the shores of your island ten years after yourselves ; for the gods brought about this' calamity in the hollows of Euboea."

And Apollonius at the end of his letter to the sophist writes as follows : '^' I also attended, O Scopelianus, to your Eretrians, while I was still a young man ; and I gave what help I could both to their dead and their living." What attention then did he show to their living ? This — the barbarians, in the neighbourhood of the hill, when the Eretrians

73


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. Oepo<; rjKOVTe<; koI ireLvrjv eSec yecopyovvra'; erepoi'^.

XXIV f t ■» Kl ^ O ^ f '> A ' ff i r.

OTTOT ovv irapa paaiKea acpcKero, evpero avTOL<; TO ^(prjadaL fiovov^ rw Xocfxp.


XXV

CAP. To. Se ev l^a/SvXcovi rod avSpo^; toutov koX OTTOcra BaySi'Xco^'o? irepi irpoariiceL ^i^vijuaiceiVy TOtdBe evpov rj l^a/3v\a)V TeT6i')(^iaTai fiev oySoij- Kovra Kol TerpaKOcna ardhta, roaavrr) KVK\(p, T€t')(o<; 8e avTr](; rpia fxev to vyjro<; rjpiTrXeOpa, irXeOpov Se jxelov to evpo^, TroTapua) Se FjV(f)pdTrj TepLverai ^uv op^ocoTrjTt tov €lBov<;, ov diroppTjTO^ viroaTei'X^ei yicjivpa, to, fBaalXeia tcl eVt Tal<i 6^6ai<; dcj)avM^ ^vvdirTovaa. yvvr) yap XeyeTac M-7)S€La TMV eKeivr) iroTe dp')(pV(Ta tov iroTapbov VTTO^ev^ai TpoTTOV, ov pbrjiroo rt? 7roTapbo<; i^ev-x^Orj' XtOov<; yap Sr) /cal ')(^aXKov Ka\ dcrtpaXTOV Kal oiroaa e? €(j)vSpov ^vvSeacv dv6pco7roi<; evprjTat, Trapd Ta9 oyOa^^ tov TroTap,ov vrjaao-a to pev/xa e? XipLva<^ eTpeyfre, ^rjpov t€ rjSrj tov TTOTUfiov copvyev opyvidf; e? Svo aijpayya ipya^opevrj kolXtjv, Xv e? Ta PaaiXeia tcl irapd Tal<^ 6')(0ai^ wcnrep etc yr]<; dva^aivoiTO, Kal ijpeyfrev avTrjv laco^ tw tov pevpiaT0<^ 8a7re8(p. ol p,ev Sr] OepueXcoL e^e^rjKeaav Kal ol Tol'Xpt T7J9 (Tr]payyo<^y are 8e t?;? dacjydXTOV Beop.evr)<; tov vhaTo<^ eV to XiOovcrOaL re Kal irriyvvaOai o ^vippdTrjf; iiraipeiOr} vyp(£> tw opocfxp,


74


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

sowed their seed upon it^ would come in summer- chap. time and plunder their crops^ so that they had ^^^^ to starve and see the fruits of their husbandry go to others. When therefore he reached the king, he took pains to secure for them the sole use of the hill.

XXV

I FOUND the following to be an account of the sage's chap. stay in Babylon, and of all we need to know about ^^^ Babylon, the fortifications of Babylon extend 480 gf^^^^^ stadia and form a complete circle, and its wall is and account three half plethrons high, but less than a plethron ^ " ^ ci y in breadth. And it is cut asunder by the river Euphrates, into halves of similar shape ; and there passes underneath the river an extraordinary bridge which joins together by an unseen passage the palaces on either bank. For it is said that a Median woman was formerly queen of those parts, who spanned the river underneath in a manner in which no river was ever bridged before ; for she got stones, it is said, and copper and pitch and all the materials which men have found set under water, and she piled these up along the banks of the river. Then she diverted the stream into lakes ; and as soon as the river w^as dry, she dug down two fathoms, and made a hollow tunnel, which she caused to debouch into the palaces on either bank like a subterranean grotto ; and she roofed it on a level with the bed of the stream. The foundations were thus made stable, and also the walls of the tunnel ; but as the pitch required water in order to set as hard as stone, the Euphrates was let in again to flood the roof, and so the bridge

^ A plethron was equal to 101 English feet,

75


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. KOi oySe earr) to tevy/Jta. ra Be ^aaiXeia ')(a\K(p,

■Y'-Y"\7

fjLev r/peiTTaL koI. air avrcov darpaTrrei, OdXafioL 8e Koi avSpcove^ koI aroai, ra jxkv dpjvpo), ra Be Xpvcroi^ v(f)d(jp,acn, rd Be XP^^^ avrw KaOdirep 7pa</)ai9 rjyXdlaraL, rd Be iroi/ciXfJiaTa twv TreirXcov eK TMV 'EWrjvi/cwv a(j)Lcnv rjKeL Xoycov, ^AvBpo/xeBac KoX 'A/ivfiMvat Koi 'Opcpev^ TroXXa^oO. ^at/jouo-i Be T(p 'Opcpel, Tu'ipav tcra)? Kal dva^vpiBa Ti/xwi^re?, ov yap p.ovatKtjv ye, ovBe wBd^, ah eOeXyev. evv4>avTai irov koX 6 Aarf? rriv ISld^ov eK t?;9 OaKdrrri^ dvaaTTMV, Kal 'ApTa(f)epvri<; irepLeaT'qKW^ TTjv ^Eperpiav, Kal tmv dfKpl Sep^r]v, a viKav e(f)aaKev'W.6i)vai yap Br) exop^evai elai Kal Seppo- irvXai Kal rd 'MrjBiKooTepa en, 7rorap,ol e^aipov- pievoi TTjq yr]s Kal OaXdrrrj^; ^evypa Kal o'A^o)? C09 er/JirjOt]. (jyaal Be Kal dvBpoyvL evTVXelv, ov rov 6po(f)ov 69 66\ov dvTjxOai (TXV/^^ ovpavw tlvl eiKaapevov, aairc^eipivr) Be avrbv KaTrjpe^Oac \i6w — KvavcordrT] Be rj \iOo<i Kal ovpavia IBelv — Kal Oewv dydXpaja, ov^ vopi^ovatv, 'iBpvrai, dvco Kal XP^^d (^aivejaLy KaOdirep, e^ aWepo<;. BiKd^ei p.ev Bt) 6 ^aaCkem evravOa, %/3fO"<xt Be tvyye<^ diroKpepavTat rov opocpov rerrape^;, Tr]v 'ABpd- aretav avrw irapeyyvMaai Kal to p-t) virep toi'9 dvOpdiiTov^ alpeadai. TavTa<; ol pdyot avToi <f>acriv dppLOTTeadai, (f)OLTMVTe<; 69 rd jBaaiXeia, KaXovdi Be auTa9 Oeo)V yXooTTas^

76


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

stood solid. And the palaces are roofed with bronze, chap. and a glitter goes off from them ; but the chambers ^^^ of the women and of the men and the porticos are Greek adorned partly with silver, and partly with golden ^^^^^ °^ tapestries or curtains, and partly with solid gold in Babylon the form of pictures ; but the subjects embroidered on the stuffs are taken by them from Hellenic story, Andromedas being represented, and Amumonae, and you see Orpheus everywhere. And they delight in Orpheus, perhaps out of regard for his peaked cap and breeches, for it cannot be for his music or the songs with which he charmed and soothed others. And woven into the pattern you perceive Datis drawing up Naxos out of the sea, and Artaphernes beleaguering Eretria, and such battles of Xerxes as he said he won. For a little further off, of course, there is Athens and Thermopylae, and other pictures still more to the Median taste, such as rivers drained from Juvenal x. off the land and a bridge over the sea and the piercing of Athos. But they say that they also visited a man's apartment of which the roof had been carried up in the form of a dome, to resemble in a manner the heavens, and that it was roofed with sapphire, a stone that is very blue and like heaven to the eye ; and there were images of the gods, which they worship, fixed aloft, and looking like golden figures shining out of the ether. And it is here that the king gives judgement, and golden wrynecks are hung from the ceiling, four in number, to remind him of Adrastea, the goddess of justice, and to engage him not to exalt himself above humanity. These figures the Magi themselves say they arranged ; for they have access to the palace, and they call them the tongues of the gods.

77


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


XXVI


CAP. Uepl Be TO)v fidywv KiroWoi)vio<i /aei^ to a7ro')(^pMV €ip7]K€, crvyyeveaUaL 'yap avTOL<; kul ra fxev pLaUecv, TO, Be aireXOelv hthd^a^i, Aap,c<; Be tou? fxev \6yov<i, oloi iyei'OVTO tco civBpl Trpo? rov^ /jidyov<; ovk olBev, dirayopevaai yap avTu> fir) avf^poLrdi/ Trap* avTov<; lovTL, Xeyei B' ovv ^otrdv avrov rot? jxdyoi^ ixearjfji^pia's re Kal dfi(f)i p.eaw^ i>i>fCTa<^, kuI epeaOal TTore " TL ol fidyoL ; " tov Be diroKpivaryOaL " aocpol piev, aKK ov iravra.


XXVII

CAP. TauTt p^ev vcrrepov. d(f)tKop.eva> Be avro} e? BajSvXcova o aarpaTrrj^^ o eirl tmv p^eydXcov TTvXcov p,a6a)v on virep laropia<; tjkol, opeyei '^(^pvaTjv eiKova tov /3a(TL\eco(;, rjv el fir) TTpoaKV- vrjaeue tl<;, ov OefXirov rjv eacj^oirav eaco. irpea- /SevovTL fxev ovv irapd tov 'Pcop,aicov dpy^ovTO'^ ovBepLia dvdyKr) tovtov, irapa ^ap/3dpcov Be iJKOVTi rj d(f)t(JTopovvTL Ti)v ')(^d>pav, el pLrj Tr)v eiKova TV poOe pair ever e Lev, uTipov d7rei\rj(j)6aL' Kal crarpa- ireveTai irapd tol<; ^ap^dpot<^ to, ovtco<; ev7)6r). eTrei tolvvv Tr)v eiKova etoe r^?, ecp")), ovto<; ; aKOvaa^ Be otl 6 ^aaiXev^; ovTO<i, etirev, " ov vp.ei<; Trpoa/cvvetTe, el eTTaLveOeir) vtt epuov Ka\os KayaOo^ B6^a<; p.eyd\cov Tev^eTar Kal eLwcov

78


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

XXVI

With respect to the Magi^ Apollonius has said all chap. that there is to be said, how he associated with them and learned some things from them, and taught them in^enSws others before he went away. But Damis is not *^® ^^^^ acquainted with the conversations which the sage held with the Magi, for the latter forbade him to accompany him in his visits to them ; so he tells us merely that he visited the Magi at mid-day and about mid-night, and he says that he once asked his master : "What of the Magi?" and the latter answered: " They are wise men, but not in all respects."

XXVII

But of this later on. Wlien then he arrived at chap. Babylon, the satrap in command of the great gates having learnt that he had come to see the country, to^vorship held out a golden image of the king, which everyone \^^ king's must kiss before he is allowed to enter the city. Now an ambassador coming from the Roman Emperor has not this ceremony imposed upon him, but anyone who comes from the barbarians or just to look at the country, is arrested with dishonour unless he has first paid his respects to this image. Such are the silly duties committed to satraps among barbarians. WTien therefore Apollonius saw the image, he said: '^'^ W' ho is that?" And on being told that it was the king, he said : "This king whom you worship would acquire a great boon, if I merely commended him as of an honourable and good re- putation." And with these words he passed through

79


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. ravra Slcl ttvXcov rjei. 6av/iidaa<; Se 6 craTpd'7Trj<i avTOV iirrjKoXovdrjae re koX Karaaycov rrjv X^^P^ Tov ^AiroWcovLov St' epiJLYjveo^ r^pero ovofid re avrov

KoX oIkOV Kol 6 Ti i7riT7]SeV0L KOI 6(f)^ 6 TL (f)0LT(p7J,

KoX aTToypaylrdjuevo'; ravra e? ypa/ifiarelov crroXrjv re avrov Kal elho'^ eKelvov fiev irepLfxelvaL KeXevei,

XXVIII

CAP. Apa/xa)v Be avro<^ rrapa rov<; dvBpa^, ot S)} vojjll- ^ovrai l3a(Ti\60)<; cora, aparviroc rov AttoWcovlov, TrpoeiTTCov ore pir)re rrpoaKvvelv ^ovXerai /jirjre n dvOpcoTTO) eoLKev ol he d'yeiv KeXevovat rt/jicoird re Kal /jLTjBev vPpei rrpdrrovra, iirel Be rjXdev, r)pero avrov 6 7rpea0vraro<i 6 re fjuaOodv Kara^povr)aeLe rov ^a(Tc\e(o<;, 6 Be ^' ovirco,^^ €(f>r], " Kare(j>p6pr]aay " Kara^povqaeia^; B^ dv ; " irdXiv epofxevov, " vrj Ar," elirev, *' rjv ye ^vyyevofievo^ /jli] kcCKov re Kal ayaoov evpo) avrov. a7rayeL<; be or) nva avrtp Bcopa ; " rov Be av rrjv re dvBpeiav Kal BiKaioavvr]v Kal rd rocavra (f)^(Tavro<; " rrorepovT eiprj, " ax? ovK e^ovrt ;^^ fid A/,' elirev, '* aXX' &)? /jLaOrj- (T0/JL6vq) XP^l^^^^^V^ '^XV ^^'7"^?/' "Kal firjv ;^/3a)/x6i/09 rovroii^,^' e(f>')], " rrjv re /SacrtXeiav, rjv 6 pas, diro- \a)\vlav avrS> dveXa^e, rov re oIkov erravr]yaye rovrov, ovk dirovcof; ovBe paOvjicof;.^^ "iroarov Be Brj rovro €ro<; rfj dvaKrrjOeiar] dpxfl '> " ** rpirov,^^ 8o


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

the gate. But the satrap was - astonished, and cap. followed him, and taking hold of his hand, he asked ^^^^^ him through an interpreter his name and his family and what was his profession and why he came thither ; and he wrote down the answers in a book and also a description of his dress and appearance, and ordered him to wait there.


XXVIII

But he himself ran off to the persons who are chap known as the ^^ Ears of the King" and described ^^^^^^ ApoUonius to them, after first telling them both that S-fng"*^ he refused to do homage and that he was not the towards

^^ *-w~i flip CTG*\t

least like other men. They bade him bring him king along, and show him respect without using any violence ; and when he came the head of the department asked him what induced him to flout the king, and he answered : " I have not yet flouted him." " But would you flout him } " was the next question. " Why, of course I will," said ApoUonius, " if on making his acquaintance I find him to be neither honourable nor good." " Well, and what presents do you bring for him ? " ApoUonius answered afresh that he brought courage and justice and so forth. " Do you mean," said the other, ^'^to imply that the king lacks these qualities ? " " No, indeed," he answered, "but I would fain teach him to practise them, in case he possesses them." ^ And surely it was by practising these qualities," said the other, " that he has recovered the kingdom, which you behold, after he had lost it, and has restored his house, — no light task this nor easy." " And how many years is it since he recovered his kingdom ? "

8i

VOL. I. O


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. ^(f^V' " ap')(^6/jie6a, Suo 7]Srf irov firive^r avaaTrjaa<;

J\.)^\ III

ovv, wairep elcoOeu, ttjv yvco fir) v " w (TCOfiaTOcjivXa^,^' euirev, " rj 6 tI ae irpoarjKet Kokelv, Aap€to<; 6 Ku- pov Kol ^ApTa^ep^ov Trarrjp ra ^aaiXeia ravra KaTaa-')(iu>v e^rjKovra, olfiaL, err] Xeyerai Te\evTT)v v7ro7rT€vaa<; rvv ^iov rfj SiKatoavvrj Ovaat, koI

w oecnrotva, eiireiv, rj tl<; ttotc er coairep eiriOvfjirjaa'^ fxev iraXai Ttjf; BtKaioavv7)(i, ovirco Be avTTjv ytyi^coaKcov, ovSe So/ccov Ke/crP^aOac, to) TralSe T€ ovTO)<; a/jLa6a)s iiracSevaev, &)? oirXa eir aWrfKov<i apaaOai, koX o fiku rpwOr^vaL, o he airoOavelv viro Tov erepov, cri) 5' rj^rj tovtov 'la(i3<; ovK ev rS ffa- (TLXelq) Opovw KaOrjadac elSora ^vveiXr)(^evaL opLOv Tracra? apera^ ^ovXec Koi eiraipeif; avrov aol (f)ep(ov, ovK ifioi, KepSo<;, el IBeXricov yevoLToJ^

BXe^/ra? ovv 6 fidp/Sapof; €9 top ttXtjo-lov " epfxai- ovT ^(t>V> " ^€a)^' Tt9 dyei tovtovI top dpSpa ipTavOa, aya6o<; yap ^vyyepofMCvc^ ayaOu) ttoXXm ^eXTico TOP ^aaiXea tjjullp a7ro<pavel koi aco(f)popeaT€pop Kol rjSLCO, tuvtI yap StacpaLPeTai tov apBpo^.^^ ecreOeop ovv evo^yyeXc^o/Juepoc Trdacp, otl aprjp eirl TaL<; /3a(TLXea)<; Oupai^ eaTrjKOi ao(f>6s re Kal^'YiXXrip Kal ^vjjL^ovXo<i aya66<i.


82


LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK I

"This is the third year since/' answered the chap. other, "which year began about two months ago." ^^^m ApoUonius, then as was his custom, upheld his opinion and went on : " O bodyguard, or whatever I ought to call you, Darius the father of Cyrus and of Artaxerxes was master of these palaces, I think, for 60 years, and he is said, when he felt that his end was near at hand, to have offered a sacrifice to Justice and to have addressed her thus : '^O lady mistress, or whosoever thou art.' This shows that he had long loved justice and desired her, but as yet knew her not, nor deemed that he had won her ; and he brought up his two sons so foolishly that they took up arms against one another, and one was wounded and the other killed by his fellow. Well, here is a king who perhaps does not know that he is firmly seated on the throne, and you would have me believe that he combines already all virtues, and you extol him, though, if he does turn out fairly good, it is you and not I that will gain thereby. "

The barbarian then glanced at his neighbour and said : " Here is a windfall ! 'tis one of the gods who has brought this man here ; for as one good man associating with another improves him, so he will much improve our king, and render him more temperate and more gracious ; for these qualities are conspicuous in this man." They accordingly ran into the palace and told everybody the good news, that there stood at the king's gates a man who was wise and a Hellene, and a good counsellor.


83

G 2


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


XXIX


CAP. 'ETret Be too ^aatXel avyyyeXr) Tavra, erv^e fiev

XXIX /«/ / >«« / \\f\r»

uvcov TrapovTCOu avrw tmv ^aycov, ra yap lepa vir iKeivoi<^ hpcLTat, KaXecraf; Be avTcop eva "iJKei, ' €(f)r), " TO evVTTviov, BL7]yov/Jb7jv (TOt, Tr]/jiepov eiridKo- 7rov/jiev(p fie ev rfj evvfj. ' ovap Be dpa tw ^acrtXel TOCovTov d(f)LKTO' iBoKec *ApTa^ep^t](; elvai o rov 'B^ep^ov Koi /jLed€(TTt]K€vaL e? eKelvov to elBo'^, 7repiBeo)<; re elx^j l^h ^9 jJLeTa^oXrjv y^Bt) Ta irpay- fxaTa r^KT] avTw, e? tovto i^riyovfievw Ty]v jaeTa- /9oX?)i/ Tov eLBov<;. eirel Be r^KOvaev "^iWrfva re Kal ao(^ov elvai tov 7]/covTa, earjXdev avTov Se/jbi- aTO/cXrj<; 6 ^ A07]vato<;, 09 (J-tto 'FiXXtjvcov TTore ijfccov ^vveyeveTO tm ^ApTa^ep^rj kol ttoWov a^tov eicelvov re eTroLTjaev eavTov re 7rapecr)(^eT0. xai, TTpOTdiva^ TJ)v Be^tav '* KoXec, ecfyr], " koI yap av Kal ciTTO TOV KaWiaTov ap^aoTO ^vv6vaa<; re /cai ^ui>ev^d/jievo<i.

XXX

CAP. l^LcryeL jJbev Br) TrapaTrejjiirofxevo'^ vtto irXeiovcov, ■^^^ tovtI yap ojovto Kal tm f^acnXel '^api^eadai fjua- OovTe^ 0)9 '^atpoL cKpiy/jLevw, Bcicov Be €9 to. ^aalXeia ov BiepXe-y^ev 69 ovBev T(hv Oavfia^ofJievcov, dXX Mcnrep oBonropojv Birjei avTci, Kat KaXeaa<; tov AdfiLv *' 7]pov /ze," ecj)!], " 7rpQ)7)v, 6 tl opofia r)V Tjj Jla/jL(f)vXo) yvvaiKi, 7) Brj Aair^ol Te ojiiXriaai,

84


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I


XXIX

When these tidings were brought to the king, he chap. happened to be sacrificing in company with the ^ " Magi, for reUgioiis rites are perforaied under their wefcomfs supervision. And he called one of them and said : ^^^ ^s a ^^ The dream is come true, which I narrated to you Themist©- to-day when you visited me in my bed." Now the ^^^^ dream which the king had dreamed was as follows : he thought that he was Artaxerxes, the son of Xerxes, and that he had altered and assumed the latter's form ; and he was very much afraid lest some change should come over the face of his affairs, for so he interpreted his change of appearance. But when he heard that it was a Hellene, and a wise man, that had come, he remembered about Themistocles of Athens, who had once come from Greece and had lived with Artaxerxes, and had not only held the king in singular esteem, but had made himself equally esteemed by him. So he held out his right hand and said : " Call him in, for it will make the best of beginnings, if he will join with me in my sacrifice and prayer."

XXX

Accordingly ApoUonius entered escorted by a chap. number of people, for they had learnt that the king ^^^ was pleased with the new comer and thought that ^^eJJsibi? this would gratify him ; but as he passed into the to the palace, he did not glance at anything that others splendours admired, but he passed them by as if he was still travelling along the high-road, and calling Damis to him he said ; ^- You asked me yesterday what

85


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. Xeyerac koX tov^ v/jlvov(;, ov<; e? ttjv "Kprefjuv tt]v Uepyaiav aSovac, ^vvdelvat rov AioXecov re koI Tla/jL(f)i>\cov rpoTTOv/ " iQpo/jurjv, €(f)rj, "to Se ovofia ovfc elTra?." " ovk, (o ^(^prjaTe, elTrov, dX)C €^rjyovfir)v aot tov<; vo/jlov<; tmv vjjlvwv kul ra ovo/jLara, koX oirrj ra AioXecov e? to aKporarov re Kol TO iScov TlafM(f)vX(ov TrapijXXa^e' 7r/5o? dXXw fjL€Ta TavTa iyevopieOa, koX oviceT rjpov fie irepl tov ovofxaTO^' KaXetTat tolvvv rj ao(f)r) avTrj Aa/uLocfyvXr), Kal XeyeTai tov ZuTTcfyov^ Tpoirov 7rapOevov<; re 6fiLXr]TpLa<; KTtjaaaOac iroirjfiaTd Te ^vvOelvac to. fiev epcoTLKa, tcl 8e vfivov<^. tcl tol e? tijv *'ApT€/jLiv Kal TrapcoBrjTai, avTrj /cal cnro tojv %a7r(f)a)0)v rjoTTai.^' oaov fJiev St] direlye tov eKireTrXrj'^dai jBaaiXea Te Kal oyKov, iS'qXov tm /jUTjSe 6(j)6aXfjLO)v d^ta rjyeladat to, TotavTa, dXXd eTepcov irepc hiaXeyeaOat KCLKelva B^ttov ov')( rjyeladat opdv.


XXXI

CAP. UpoiSajv Se 6 ^aaiXev<; TrpoortovTa, Kal yap tc Kal /jLrJKO^ T) TOV lepov avXr) eZ;^€, SteXaXijo-e re 7r/309 Tou<; iyyix;, olov dvayiyvoocrKWv tov dvhpa, TrXrjaiOv re rJSr; ytyvofievov fieya dvaPorjaa^iy

    • ovto(;,'^ €(j)r}, *' 6 ^A7roXXo)vto<;, ov Meya^ar?/? o

86


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

was the name of the PamphyHan Avomaii who is chap. said to have been intimate with Sappho, and to ^^^ have composed the hymns which they sing in honour of Artemis of Perga, in the Aeohan and PamphyHan modes." " Yes, I did ask you/' said Damis, '^ but you did not tell me her name." "1 did not tell you it, my good fellow, but I explained to you about the keys in which the hymns are written, and I told you their names ; and how the Aeolian strains were altered into the highest key of all, that which is peculiar to the Pamphylians. After that we turned to another subject, for you did not ask me again about the name of the lady. Well, she is called, — this clever lady is, — Damophyle, and she is said, like Sappho, to have had girl friends and to have composed poems, some of which were love- songs and others hymns. The particular hymn to Artemis was transposed by her, and has been sung by the following of Sappho." How far then he was from being astonished at the king and his pomp and ceremony, he showed by the fact that he did not think such things worth looking at, but went on talking about other things, as if he did* not think the palace worth a glance.


XXXI

Now the king caught sight of him approaching, chap. for the vestibule of the Temple was of considerable length, and insisted to those by him that he attend "the recognised the sage : and when he came still nearer ^^"?'| he cried out with a loud voice and said : " This is of a horse Apollonius, whom Megabates, my brother, said he

87


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. i/jbo<; aB€\(f)0(; ISelv ev ^ Avrio'^ela cfy'ijal Oavfjua^o- fJLevov T€ Kol TrpoaKWovfJuevov viro tmv airovSaicov, Kol aire^wy patriae /iol tot€ tolovtov avrov, 6iTolo<; rjKei.^^ irpoaekOovra he Kal daTraaa/jievov TrpoaeiTre re o ^aaCkei)^ cf)Ci>i>fj ^KWdSt, Koi 3?; eKekevae Ovecv fier avrov' \evfc6v Se dpa Tttitov TMV €r(f)6Spa l^Lcraioov KaraOvaetv e/ieWe tg5 'HXtft) <pa\dpoi<; KocrfjLrjaa^, oidirep e? 7rojuL7rt]v, 6 3' VTToXa^cov " av fxev, w ^aaiXev, 6vej" ecj)!],

    • Tov aauTOV rpovrov, ejJLol he ^vy^copyjaov Oucrai

Tov e/jiavrov' " Kal 8pa^d/jLevo<=; tov \i/3av(OTov, ""HXte," ecf^Tj, " TrefiTre /xe e^' oaov ttJ^ 7779 e/jLoi T€ Kal (Tol BoKel, Kal yiyvcocTKOtfic dvhpa^ dyaOov<^, (f)av\ov<; Se fjbrjTe iyco /jidOoL/jLi firjre ifie (^aOXoi." Kal elirojv ravra tov Xc/3av(OTov e? to Trvp i]Kev, eTTLaKey^dixevo^ he avTo ott?; hiaviaTaTai Kal oTrrj OoXovTau, Kal oirocrai^ Kopvcfyal^; arret, Kal ttov Kal ecfyaTTTo/jLevof; tov 7rvp6<;, oirrj evarj/jiov re Kal KaOapov (paivocTo " dve,^' e0^, *' Xolttov, o) jSacnXev, KaTCL TOL aavTOV iraTpca, to, yap TraTpca Tafid TotavTa"


XXXII

CAP, Kat dve)(ci)p7]ae r?;? Ovala^, &>? fjurj KOivcovoiyj tov

XXXII r/ ^ s^^ ^ z) ' '^^ £» ' << "»

aLfutTO^;. jjueTa be ttjv uvaiav TrpoarjXue Kat w

/BaaiXev, ' e(f)rj, " Tr)v (f)(ovr)v ttjv 'EXXdSa iraaap

yLypcoaKec^, rj (T/jbLKpd avTrj<^ virep tov ev^vfi^oXov

tcra)9 Kal TOV /A?) dr]hr}<; hoKelv, et rt? d<piKoiTO


LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK I

saw in Antioch^ the admired and resj^ected of serious chap. ]ieople ; and he depicted him to me at that time just ^^^^ such a man as now comes to us." And when Apollonius approached and saluted him^ the king addressed him in the Greek language and invited him to sacrifice with him ; and it chanced that he was on the point of sacrificing to the Sun as a victim a horse of the true Nisaean breeds which he had adorned with trappings as if for a triumphal procession. But Apollonius replied : " Do you^ O king^ go on with your sacrifice, in your own way, but permit me to sacrifice in mine." And he took up a handful of frankincense and said : " O thou Sun, send me as far over the earth as is my pleasure and thine, and may I make the acquaintance of good men, but never liear anything of bad ones, nor they of me. ' And with these words he threw the frankincense into the fire, and watched to see how the smoke of it curled upwards, and how it grew turbid, and in how many points it shot up ; and in a manner he caught the meaning of the fire, and watched how it appeared of good omen and pure. Then he said : " Now, O king, go on with your sacrifice in accordance with your own traditions, for my traditions are such as you see."

XXXII

And he quitted the scene of sacrifice in order not chap. to be present at the shedding of blood. But after ^^^^^ the sacrifice was over he approached and said : " O hReif- ^ king, do you know the Greek tongue thoroughly, discipline or have you a smattering of it perhaps, in order to be able to express yourself and appear polite in

89


FLAVaUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. EWtiv ; " *' Trdaav,^' elirev, " laa r^ iyyoopia) TavTTj, Kol Xiye b rt jSovXei, Sta tovto yap irov €pcoTa<;' ooa tovto, ecprj, jcau aKove' rj fiev

op^r) jjbOL T^}? aTrohrj^ia^; ^IvSol elac, Trapekdecv Be ovS^ v/jLd<; i/3ov\7]07]v, ae re aKovcov avBpa, olov ej 6vv^o(; r^hr] opw, aocfylav re, ijirep vjuv iaTiv i7n')((opco<; fieKeTco/bievrj fidyot.<; avhpdaL, KaTihelv Beofievo^, el to, Oela, co? XeyovTat, o'0(j>oi elar ao(f)La 8e ifiol UvOayopov %ajjiiov dvSp6<;, 09 Oeov<; re Oepaireveiv coSe fie ehihd^aTo, koI ^vvtevat acpMu 6po)/jievcov Te /cal ov-^ opco/jievcov, ^oltolv re e? hioke^LV 6eo)Vy /cat yrjlvcp tovto) epicp ecrTaXOai, ov yap irpo^aTov eire'^Or], aX)C dKt]paTO<; cLKrjpd- Tcov <f)V€Tai, uSaTO^; Te Kal yrj<; Baypa, oOovr]' Kal avTO Be TO dveTOV t?}? KOfJbrj^ e/c TVvOayopov eTrrj- <jK7jaa, Kal to KaOapevetv ^(oov l3opd<^ eK tt}? e/celvov jmol croc^ta? rjKet. ^v/iiTroTr}^ fiev 8r} Kal KOLV(t)vb<i paaTCOVT]^ rj Tpv^rj^ ovt* av aoL yevoLfjLrjv ovT dv eTepcp ovBevi, (ppovTiBcov Be diropcov re Kal BvaevpeTCOv Bolrjv dv \v(Tei<^, ov ycyvaxTKCOv ra irpaKTea fiovov, d\Xa Kal irpoycyvcoaKcovy TavTa Ad/jbL<; jxev Bia\e')(jdrjvai (^rfcn tov dvBpa, 'AttoX- \d)VLO<i Be einaToXrjV avTa TreiTOirjTat, iroWd Be Kal dWa TMV eaVTO) e? BcdXe^cv elpTjfjievcov e? e7rcaTo\d<; dveTVircocraTo. 90


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

case any Greek arrives ? " ^^ I know it thoroughly/' chap. replied the king, " as well as I do my native ^^^^^ language ; so say you what you like, for this I suppose is the reason why you put the question to me." " It was my reason/' said the other ; so listen. The goal of my voyage is India, but I had no intention of passing you by ; for I heard that vou were such a man as from a slight acquaintance I already perceive you to be, and was desirous also of examining the wisdom which is indigenous among you and is cultivated by the Magi, and of finding out whether they are such wise theologians as they are reported to be. Now my own system of wisdom is that of Pythagoras, a man of Samos, who taught me to M'orship the gods in the way you sep, and to be aware of them whether they are seen or not seen, and to be frequent in my converse with them, and to dress myself in this land-wool ; for it was never worn by sheep, but is the spotless product of spotless parents, the gift of water and of earth, namely linen. And the verv fashion of letting; mv hair grow long, I have learnt from P}i:hagoras as part of his discipline, and also it is a result of his wisdom that I keep myself pure from animal food. I cannot therefore become either for you or for anybody else a companion in drinking or an associate in idleness and luxury ; but if you have problems of conduct that are difficult and hard to settle, I will furnish you with solutions, for I not only know matters of practice and duty, but I even know them beforehand." Such w^as the conversation which Damis declares the sage to have held ; and Apollonius himself composed a letter containing them, and has sketched out in his epistles much else of what he said in conversation.

91


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


XXXIII


CAP. 'Evret Be 'xaipecv 6 /Sao-cXev^ €(j)r] koX aydWeaOac rjKovrc /jLoWov, rj et ra Tlepacov koI ^IvBcov 7rpos T0t9 ovaiv avTO) eKTrjaaro, ^evov re iroieladai, koX Koivoovov T^9 jSao-cXeiov aT€yr}<;, el eyco ae, o) jBaatXev,^^ elTrev, " e? TrarpiBa r-qv efirjv Tvava TjKovTa r]^iovv otKelv ov iyco, oiKijcrac av rjpa^ ; "

    • fjba At V' elirev, *' el fiTj roaavTrjv ye oIkluv oIktj-

aetv ejxeWov, oTToarjv Sopv(f)6pov<; re koI acofiaro- (f)vXaKa<; ifjLOV^; avrov re e/jue \afji7rpoj<=; Se^aaOat.^^ " 6 auTo? ovv,^^ e(f)r}, " koI irap e/juov \6yo<;' el yap virep efiavTOV oIk7](7(o, Trovrjpco^ BiacTTjaofiat, to yap virep/SdWov Xvirel tov<; o-ocf)ov<; /xdWov rj t'/xa? TO eWeiTTov ^evo^erco [xe ovv lSL(orr]<i e'^^cov OTToaa eyoo, crol Be e^co ^vvecrofxai oiroaa fiovXec.^^ ^vve^copeo 6 I3acn\ev<;, &)? fir] drjBe^ rt avro) XdOoc TTpd^a^, Koi tpKijae irap dvSpl l^afivXcovLO) 'y^prjarw re Kal aX\a)<; yevvaiw. SecTrvovvTt Be rjBrj evvov')(o^ e(^i<TTaraL tmv Ta<; dyye\la<; Bia- (j)ep6vTcov, fcal irpoaeiTrcov tov avBpa ** /3acrt\et'9," e0t;, ** Bcdpelrai ae Be/ca Bo)p€at<^ /cat Trotecrai Kvptov TOV eTrayyelXat avTd<;, BeiTai Be aov fir] ficKpd alTrjaai, fieya\o(f>poavvr]v yap evBei^aaOai aoi re Kal r)filv ^ovXeTat.'^ eiraLvecra's Be ttjp eTrayyeXlav TTore ovv ')(pr] aiTetv ; r]peTO, o oe avpiov, ecpr], Kal cifia e(j)olT7](7e irapa irdvTas tov? ^a<TLXe(o<^ 92


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

XXXIII

Since the kinfi; said that he was more pleased and chap. delighted with his arrival than if he had added to his own possessions the wealth of Persia and India, lodge^ln the and added that Apollonius must be his guest and palace share with him the royal roof, Apollonius remarked : "^ Supposing, O king, that you came to my country of Tyana and I invited you to live where I live, would you care to do so ? " " Why no," answered the king, ^' unless I had a house to live in that was big enough to accommodate not only my escort and bodyguard, but myself as well, in a handsome manner." "^ Then," said the other, "1 may use the same argument to you ; for if I am housed above my rank, I shall live ill at ease, for superfluity distresses wise men more than deficiency distresses you. Let me therefore be entertained by some private person who has the same means as myself, and I will visit with you as often as you like." The king conceded this point, lest he should be betrayed into doing anything that might annoy him, and Apollonius took up his quarters with a gentleman of Babylon of good character and besides high-minded. But ])efore he had finished dinner one of the eunuchs who carry messages presented himself and addressed him thus : " The king," he said, " bestows upon you ten presents, and leaves you free to name them ; but he is anxious that you should not ask for small trifles, for he wishes to exhibit to you and to us his generosity." Apollonius commended the message, and asked : "Then when am I to ask for them?" And the messenger replied : " To-morrow," and at once went off to all the king's friends and kinsmen

93


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. (J)lXov<=; t€ koX ^vyyevel's, irapelvat Kekevwv aiTovvn Kai TLfxco/jL6VO) r(p avopi. <pr)cn oe o ila/jLt<i ^vvievat fiev, OTL jjLT^hev alrrjaoLy top t6 rpoirov avrov Ka06(i)paK(o<; koI €lSa)<; 6u')(^6/jLepov rol^ Oeol^ ^^XV^ Toiavrrfv' " o) 6eoi, SoLr]T€ /xoc puKpa e^j^LV KOb helaOau fjLr]S€v6<;.^^ i(f)e(7T7]K6ra fievroc opcov kuI evdvixovfievcp ofxoLov oteaOai &)? alnjcroc fiev, /Saaavi^oc Se, 6 re /jLeXXec alryjaeiv. 6 8e ecr7repa<^ 7]Sr) "m Aa/xi/' ecpT], " Oecopco Trpo? ifiavrov, e'f OTOV TTore ol ^dp/3apoc Tov<i evvovxov^ aocx^pova^ rjyovvTai kol e? to.? yvvaiKCOVLTtha^; iadyovrai. " dWd TovToT €(1)7), " 0) ^AttoWcovlc, koX TratSl BrjXov iireiSr) yap /; rofjur] rb ci(f>poStaLd^€iv d(f)aLpeLTai a^d'^^ dvelvTai a(f)iaLi> at yvvai/ccovL- Tf3e9, Kav ^vyKaOevheiv ral'^ yvvai^l jBovKcovrai. " TO he ipdv elirevy " t) to ^vyyiyveaOaL yvvat^lv €KT€T/jir](TuaL avTov<; OL€i ; aficpco, €(pr), et yap

cr^eaOelr] to /loptov i/</)' ov SioiaTpecTac to aMfia, ovo av TO epav eireXuoi ovoevi. o oe ppa^v eiTioy^div avpiovy equr), co iXafii, /jLaaoi<; av, otl Kal €vvov)(^oi ipMcrc Kal to iircOufjLrjTifCov, oirep iadyovTat Std tcov ocpOaX/xoov, ov/c aTroixapaiveTai (T(j)(jt)V, dXX' e/ji/jLev€t 6ep/x6v tc Kal ^coirvpov. Sec ydp TL irepLTTeaelv, b tov aov eXey^ec Xoyov. el Be Kal Te^vT) rt? rjv dvOpanreta Tvpavv6<; re Kal SvvaTT) TO, TocavTa i^wOelv t?}? yvcofjn^^;, ovk dv fioL SoKco Tovs evvov')(ov^ iroTe 69 Ta tcov aoxppo- vovvTCOv rjOrj Trpoaypdyjrat, KaT^jvayKacr fxevov^ ttjv

94


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

and bade them be present when the sage should chap. prefer his demand and receive the honour. But ^^^^^^ Damis says that he expected him to ask for nothings because he had studied his character and knew that he offered to the gods the following prayer : " O ye His form gods, grant unto me to have little and to want ° p^^®^ nothing." However, as he saw him much pre- occupied and, as it were, brooding, he determined that he was going to ask and was anxiously turning over in his mind, what he should ask. But at eventide : " Damis," said Apollonius, " I am thinking Discusses over with myself the question of why the barbarians wnh^Daii?/s have regarded eunuchs as men sufficiently chaste to be allowed the free entry of the women's apartments." '^'^ But," answered the other, "O Apollonius, a child could tell you. For inasmuch as the operation has deprived them of the faculty, they are freely admitted into those apartments, no matter how far their wishes may go." ^' But do you suppose the operation has removed their desires or the further aptitude?" "Both," replied Damis, "for if you extinguish in a man the unruly member that lashes the body to madness, the fit of passion will come on him no more." After a brief pause, Apollonius said : " To-morrow, Damis, you shall learn that even eunuchs are liable to fall in love, and that the desire which is contracted through the eyes is not extinguished in them, but abides alive and ready to burst into a flame ; for that will occur which will refute your opinion. And even if there were really any human art of such tyrannic force that it could expel such feelings from the heart, I do not see how we could ever attribute to them any chastity of character, seeing that they would have

95


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. (T(o^poavv7]v KoX /Staio) rex^r) e? to fiy ipdv rj'yiievov'^. acocppocrvPTj yap to opeyopuevov re koI oppLMVTa pLT] rjTTdaOac dcppoSco-icov, aXX' aTre^eo-^at Kol KpeiTT(D (j)alv€aOaL t/}9 \vTTr](; ravrrji;.^* VTToXa^cbv ovv o Ad/jLL<; " ravra puev koX avdi<; e7ricrKe'\\r6pLe6ay ecprj, " o) ^ATToXkcovie, d Be ')(pr] diroKpivacrOai aupiov Trpo^; ttjv tov ^acrc\eco<i eTrayyeXiav XafiTrpdv ovaav Bi€(7Ke(^dai irpoarjKei. aLr7](T€L<; fxev yap ia(o<; ovBef, to S^ otto)? dv p.rj dW(p, (j^acTL, Tvcfxp irapaLTelaOaL hoKOirj<^, direp dv o /BacriXev'i StSo), tovto opa Kal (puXdrrov avro, opcov ol T/}? yrj<; el Kal on eir avTw KeipieOa. hel 8e (fivXarreaOai Bia^oXd^;, co? vTrepoy^ia '^pcopuevov, ytyvcoaKeiv re &)? vvv fiev icpoBid iarcv rjficv oiroaa 69 'Iz^Sou? irepL^^at, eiraviovaL Be eKeWev ovr dv diro'^prjaai ravra, yevoiro Be ovk dv erepa.'^


XXXIV

CAP. Kal TOidBe yTTeSaXirev avrov re'^vr), /ir) dira^LO)-

XXXIV 'v/^'^ <■/ c^c^' 'c^v'i -\-\' f

crai Xapeiv, o tl ocooir}, o oe ATroWcovto^; coairep ^vXXapLJBdvcov avrco tov Xoyov " TrapaBeiypidToyv 8e/' elirev, " w Ad/jbi, dfjueXijaec^ ; ev ol<; eartv, 009 Al(7')(ivri<i piev 6 TOV Avaraviov irapd ALovvaiov e9 Si/ceXuav vTrep ')(^pr]pLdT(t)v (p)(^6T0, TLXaTcov Be Tpl^; dvapi€Tp7Jcrai, XeyeTai ttjv ^dpv/3Bcv virep ttXovtov %iKeXtKOv,^ Api<TTi'TrTro<^ Be 6 Kvp7]vaL0<; KaVKXiKcov 6 eK K.v^LKov Kal ^vtcov, 6t e^evyev, 6 V7jylvo<;,

96


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 1

no choice, having been by sheer force and artificially chap. deprived of the faculty of falling in love. For ^^^^^^ tliastity consists in not yielding to passion when the longing and impulse is felt, and in the abstinence which rises superior to this form of madness." Accordingly Damis answered and said : Here is a thing that we will examine another time, O Apollonius ; but we had better consider now what answer you can make to-morrow to the king's magnificent offer. For you will perhaps ask for nothing at all, but you should be careful and be on your guard lest you should seem to decline any gift the king may offer, as they say, out of mere empty pride, for you see the land that you are in and that we are wholly in his power. And you must be on your guard against the accusation of treating him with contempt, and understand, that although we have sufficient means to carry us to India, yet what we have will not be sufficient to bring us back thence, and we have no other supply to fall back upon."

XXXIV

And by such devices he tried to wheedle Apollonius chap. into not refusing to take ami;hing he might be offered ; ^^^i^ but Apollonius, by way of assisting him in his argu- ^^f^f^^ nient, said: " But, O Damis, are you not going to give gifts/and

1 -> T J- * 1 -J.! rebukes

me some examples r L,et me supply you witii some : Damis Aeschines, the son of Lysanias, went off to Dionvsius foriiis in Sicily in quest of money, and Plato is said thrice to have traversed Charybdis in quest of the wealth of Sicily, and Aristippus of Cyrene, and Helicon of Cyzicus, and Phyton of Rhegium, when he was in

97

VOL. I, H


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. ovTco Ti €9 Tovf; /S^tovvaLOv KareSvaav Oriaavpov^i,

XXXIV

fo)9 fxo'yL^ dvaa')(elv eKeWev, Koi /jLtjv koI rov KviStov (^aaiv EvSo^ov, 69 AiyvTrrov irore dcjiLKo- ixevov, virep '^^prj/jbdrcov re OfioXoyelv rjK€iv koX SiaXejeaOac rw /SaaiXec virep rovrov, koI iva /xrj TrXetof? BLa^dWo), %7r€vai7r7rov rov ^AOrjvacov ovTQ) Ti ipaai'X^prj [larov yevkaOai cj)aaiv, &)? eVt rov K.acrdv8pov yd/juov 6? M.afC€8oviav Ka)/jbdaai iroLTjixaTa '^v')(^pd ^vvOevra, kov oTj/ioaia ravO* virep ')(^pr]/jLdTcov dcrai. iyo) Be T^yov/jLat, w Ad/jii, TOP dvhpa rov ao<pov TrXeio) /ccvSvvevetv rj ol irXeov- Te9 T€ KoX ^vv oifkoi^ p.ayoyi.evoLy (f)d6vo<; yap eir avTov (TTel')(€t, KoX cnoaiTOiVTa kol <f) 6 eyy 6 fxevov, fcal ^vvreivovTa kol dvuevra, kclv irapeXOr} tl Kav IT poaeXOrj rw, kclv irpocreiirr) kclv fir) irpoaei'iTr). Sec Be 7re(f)pd'^6ai rov dvSpa, ycyvctXTKecv re fo)9 dpyla'^ fiev r)Trr]6eL<i o cFO(f)o<; rj X^^V*^ V ^P^to<; rj (^CkoTroaia^, t) eroLfioTepov tl tov fcaopov irpd^a^;, /'o-&>9 dv Kol ^vyyvd)/jL7]v ^epoiro, XPVI^^^^ ^^ vtto- 6e\<; eavTov ovr dv ^vyy tvcocrKocTo kol fiicrolT dv, fo)9 oyLtoO 7rdaa<i KaKia^; (TVV6iX'r](f)Cti<;' fir) yap dv r)TTr}6rjvai ^/OT^/xaTCOi^ avrov, el /irj yacnpo^ riTTr)TO Kal dfnrexovrjf; /cal otvov Kal rod 69 eraipa^ (^epeaOai. crv K taco<; rjyi] rb ev ^a^vXcjvL dfiaprelv rjrrov elvac tov 'AOrjvrjo-tv rj ^0\v/jl- irlaaiv rj TLvOol, kol ovk evdv/jufj otl ao(f>a> dvBpl 'EXXa9 TrdvTa, /cal ovSev epr}/jL0v rj ^dp^apov Xc^p^ov ovTe rjyrjcreTai o oro(f)6(i ovTe voficec, ^cov ye VTTO T0Z9 T7}9 a/36T^9 6<f)6a\/jLol<i, Kal jSXeTrec

98


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 1

exile, buried their noses so deep in the treasure- chap. houses of Dionysius, that they could barely tear ^^^^^ tlieniselves away. Moreover they tell of how Kudoxus of Cnidus once arrived in Egyj)t and both admitted that he had come there in quest of money, and conversed with the kuig about the matter. And not to take awav more characters, they say that Speusippus, the Athenian, was so fond of money, that he recited festal songs, when he reached Macedonia, in honour of Cassander's marriage, which were frigid compositions, and that he sang tliese songs in public for the sake of money. Well, I think, O Damis, that a wise man runs more risk than do sailors and soldiers in action, for envy is ever assailing him, whether he holds his tongue or speaks, whether he exerts himself or is idle, whether he jiasses by anything or takes care to visit anyone, whether he addresses others or neglects to address tliem. And so a man must fortify himself and under- stand that a wise man who yields to laziness or anger or passion, or love of drink, or who commits any other action prompted by impulse and inopportune, will probably find his fault condoned ; but if he stoops to greed, he will not be pardoned, but render himself odious as a combination of all vices at once. For surely they will not allow that he could be the slave of money, unless he was already the slave of his stomach or of fine raiment or of wine or of riotous living. But you perhaps imagine that it is a lesser thing to go wrong in Babylon than to go wrong at Athens or at the Olympian or Pythian games ; and you do not reflect that a wise man finds Hellas everywhere, and that a sage will not regard or consider any pl^e^^to be a desert or barbarous,

'^ "^-- -^ '



FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. aev oXi'fyof 9 tmv dvOpco'Trayv, fivploL^ 8' 6/ji/jLaaiv avTo<=; opdrat. el Be fcal aOXrjrfj ^vvrjcrOa tovtcov TLvi, 0) Aci/jLL, oc TraXaieiv re koI TrayKpand^etv daKovaLV, dpa av r)^iov<; avTov, el puev ^OXv/uuTna dycovi^otro Koi e? ^ApfcaBiav toe, yevvalov re /cat ajauov eivai, kul vrj Z\t , et ilvuia ayotro rj NefMea, eirLfjieXelaOai tov (KOfiaTo^, eTreihrj ^avepol 01 dycove^i fcal rd ardhia ev aTrovSauw rrj^; 'EX\aSo9, el Se Ovoi ^iKlttito^ ^OXvfiTna TroXe^? r)pr)K(*i^, rj 6 tovtov Trat? ^AXe^avSpo^^ eirl ral^ eavTov ViKai^ dyo)va dyou, '^elpov rjSr) irapaaKevd- ^etv TO aM/jua Koi fir) (j)LXoviKo^<^ e')(eLV, eTrecSr] ev 'OXvv6(x> dywvLelTac rj M.aKeSovLa rj AlyvTrro), dXXd fiT] ev 'FjXXrjcro koL aTaSiot<; T0t9 eKec ; " viro /lev Brj TO)V Xoycov tovtcov 6 Ad/jLC<; ovtco BiareOfj- vai (f)rjcrcv, &)? ^vyKaXv^jrac^6aL re e<^' 0I9 avTo<; elprj/c(b<; eVf^e, irapaiTelaOai re tov ^ KttoXXwvlov ^vyyvcofjbrjv avT(p e')(eLV, el jir/iroa KaTavevor/Koa^ avTov e? ^v/jL^ovXiav re koX TretOcb rotavrrjv Mp/jLrjcrev. o Be dvaXa/i/3dvcov avrov *' Odppec,^^ e(f)r], " ov yap eTriirXri^LV Trowu/juevo^;, dXXd rovfiov v7roypd(f)(i)v aoL ravra elirov,^^


100



LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

because he^ at any rate^ lives under the eyes of chap. virtue, and although he only sees a few men, yet he ^^^^^ is himself looked at by ten thousand eyes. Now if you came across an athlete, Damis, one of those who practise and train themselves in wrestling and box- ing, surely you would require him, in case he were contending in the Olympic games, or went to Arcadia, to be both noble in character and good ; nay more, if the Pythian or Nemean contest were going on, you would require him to take care. of his physique, because these arenas and race-courses are well known and held in respect by Hellas ; would you then, if Philip were sacrificing with Olympic rites after capturing certain cities, or if his son Alexander were holding games to celebrate his victories, tell the man forthwith to neglect the training of his body and to leave off being keen to win, because the contest was to be held in Olynthus or in Macedonia or in Egypt, rather than among the Hellenes, and on your native race-courses ? " These then were the arguments by which Damis declares that he was so impressed as to blush at what he had said, and to ask Aj)ollonius to pardon him for having through imperfect acquaintance with him, ventured to tender him such advice, and use such arguments. But the sage caught him up and said: "^ Never mind, for it was not by way of rebuking and humbling you that I spoke thus, but in order to give you some idea of my own point of view."


lOl


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


XXXV


XXXV ^■^^t'fco/jievov Be rod evvov^ov Kal Ka\ovvTO<; avTov irapa rov jSaaiXea " ac^l^ofiai,^' elirev,

    • iireiBav ra tt/oo? tou? Oeov^; ev jxol e')(r).^ dva-a<;

ovv KoX €v^dfjbevo^ airriei, 7repc^X67ro/jL6v6<; re koI Oavjjba^ofjLevo^ rov o-'^^rjiiaTO^. co? 8e eorw 7rapr]\0€, " SlSco/jLL aoi^^ ecj)?] 6 ^aacXev^, " BeKa Bwped^, dvBpa (76 r}<yoviJi€vo<;, olo<^ ovtto) rt? diro '^W-^vcov Bevp' r]\6evr 6 Be viroXaffcov " ov Tratra?/' elirev, " CO ffaaiXev, Trapairtjaofjiat, fxiav Be, rjv dvrl ttoXXmv BeKaBcov aipov/juac, 7rpodv/jLfo<; alrojcra) • " fcat ajjua rov irepl tmv Rperptecov BLrjXde Xoyov, dvaXa/Scov citto tov AartSo?. " alrco ovv^ €(f)7],

  • ' fit] TTepiKOTTTeaOat tou? dOXiov^; rovrov; tmv

opucov re /cal rov Xo<pov, dXXa vefieadat a(f)d<^ /jLerpop rrj<; yrj^i, o Aapeto^ evofjuLae, Beivov ydp, el rr}? avTcov eKireaovTe^ ixr)B^ tjv dvr eKeuvrjf; €')(ovcnv, e^ovaiv^ ^vvriOe/jievof; ovv 6 ^aatX€v<; " ^Kpe- rpiel<;, elirev, " e? fjiev rr^v ;\;^e9 rjfiepav ifiov re TToXe/jLLoi Kol irarepcov e/xcov rjaav, eireiBri ottXcov TTore ecf)' rjfjbd'; rjp^av, kol irapecopcovro, fo)9 to y6vo<; avTcov d^avLaOeir], Xolttov Be ^iXot re dvayeypd'^jrovrat Kal aarpairevaet avrcov dvrjp dyaOo^, 09 Bt/caLOoaet rrjv 'yoipav. rd(; Be evvea B(jL>ped<^,^^ €(f)rj, Bid ri ov Xij-yfrr] ; " "on, m ^aaiXev,'^ elirev, " oviro) (piXov*; evrav6a eKrrjcrd/jLrjv. '^ avr6<;

Ip2


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I


XXXV

Now when the eunuch arrived and summoned him chap. before the king, he said : I will come as soon as I xxxv have duly discharged my religious duties." Accord- P^ercede«» ingly he sacrificed and offered his prayer, and then with the departed, and everyone looked at him and wondered behalf" at his bearing. And when he had come within, of the the king said : " I present you with ten gifts, because I consider you such a man as never before has come hither from Hellas." And he answered and said : " I will not, O king, decline all your gifts ; but there is one which I prefer to many tens of gifts, and for that I will most eagerly solicit." And he at once told the story of the Eretrians, beginning it from the time of Datis. " I ask then," he said, " that these poor people should not be driven away from their borders and from the hill, but should be left to cultivate the span of earth, which Darius allowed them ; for it is very hard if they are not to be allowed to retain the land which was substituted for their own when they were driven out of the latter." The king then consented and said : '^'^The Eretrians were, until yesterday, the enemies of myself and of my fathers ; for they once took up arms against us, and they have been neglected in order that their race might perish ; but henceforth they shall be written among my friends, and they shall have, as a satrap, a good man who will judge their country justly. But why," he said, "will you not accept the other nine gifts ? " " Because," he answered, " I have not yet, O king, made any friends

103


FLAVILS PHILOSTRATUS


XXXV


CAP. Be ovBevo^ ^^?7"/ (^r}(TavTO<;' *' tmv ye rpayr)- /jbdrayv,'^ ecpij, " /cal tmv aprcov, a fie ^8ea)9 Te kul


XXXVI

CAP. Tocavra 8?; \a\ovvTcov irpo'^ aXX7]\ov<;, fcpavyr]

XXXVI '^ o ■\ ' 'j-j' \

Tcov pacTLXeiwv e^ecpoLrrjaev evvovywv Kai yvvai- KMV afxa' etX^-jino he dpa evvov'^6<; t^? eVl pna TMV rod ^aaiXe(o<i iroKXatcchv ^vy/caTaKei/jLev6<^ re Kol oiroaa ol p,OL')(ol Trpdrrcov, koI rjyov avrov ol cifji(j)l rrjv yvvaiKcovcTLV eTnairwvTe^; r?)? Kofjurj^;^ ov 8r) dyovrat rpoirov ol fiaai\eo)<; SovXoi,. eirel he

Trpea/SjjTaro'^ tmv €UVOV)(cov epcovra fiev rri^ yvvaiKO'^ TToXac yaOrjcrOaL ecprj, koI irpoeipTjKevaL

01 fir) TrpoaSiaXeyeadaL avrf), firjhe aTrreaOai 8epr]<; rj ')(eLp6<i, fMT]Se Koafxelv ravTTjv fJLOvrjv tmv evhov, vvv he kol ^vyKaraKeifJievov evpr^Kevat koI dvhpL^ofievov eirl rrjv yvvalKa, a fjuev ^AttoWcovlo^; 69 Tov Ad/iLV elhev, 009 hr-j rov \6yov dirohehety- /jLevov, 09 e(^L\oao^elTo avT0L<; irepl rov kol evvov)(^cov TO epav elvaL, he l3a(TL\ev<; 7rpb<; tov<; 7rapGVTa<; " aXV alaxpov 76," elirev, *' m dvhpe<;, iTap6vT0<=; 7)p,iv AiroWoiViov irepl acjO(f)poavv7]<; r//jid<^', dWd fir) tovtov, diro^aiveaOar t/ ovv KeXevei,^, ^ KiroWciiVie, iraOelv avrov ; " rt he dWo y) ^rjv ; ' elire irapa rrjv rrdvrcov drroK pivd fxevo'^ ho^av. dvepvOpidaws ovv ^aaCkev^ " elra ov TToWcov,^' €<f)7], " Oavdrcov d^io<=;, ix^epircov ovra)<;

104


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

here." ^^ And do you yourself require nothing ?" chap. said the king. " Yes/' he said^ " I need dried fruits ^^^^' and bread, for that is a repast which delights me and which I find magnificent."


XXX\ I

While they were thus conversing with one another chap. a hubbub was heard to proceed from the palace, of ^^^^^ eunuchs and women shrieking all at once. And j\\\"traUve in fact an eunuch had been caught misbehaving with of the

r. , 1 1 1 . • . .!> 1 manners of

one ot the royal concubmes just as it he were an Eunuchs adulterer. The guards of the harem were now dragging him along by the hair in the way they do royal slaves. The senior of the eunuchs accordingly declared that he had long before noticed he had an affection for this particular lady, and had already forbidden him to talk to her or touch her neck or hand, or assist her toilette, though he was free to wjjit upon all the other members of the harem ; yet he had now caught him behaving as if lie were the lady's lover. Apollonius thereupon glanced at Damis, as if to indicate that the argument they had conducted on the point that e\'en eunuchs fall in love, was now demonstrated to be true ; but the king remarked to the bystanders : "^ Nay, but it is disgraceful, gentlemen, that, in the presence of Apollonius, we should be enlarging on the subject of chastity rather than he. What then, O Apollonius, do you urge us to do with him ? " " Why, to let him Uve, of course," answered Apollonius to the surprise of them all. Whereon the king reddened, and said : " Then you do not


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. TTjv evvrjv rrjv ifxr^v ; " ** aXX' ov')(^ virep ^vy- i yvcofiTjf;,^^ 6(j)7], ** jSaaikev, ravra elTrov, aW' virep Tifjbwpia^, Tj airoKvaiaei avrov el yap ^ijaerat voao)V Kol aSvvdrcov <X7rTO/x€i^09, Kal firjre alra fXTjTe TTora rjcreL avrov p.rjTe ded/xara, a ae re Kal Tovs (TOL avv6vTa<; evcppavel, irrjhrjaeTal re r] Kaphia Oa/jbd iKdpcoaKOVTo<; rod virvov, o 8r} /jLciXcara irepl to 1)9 ipMvrd^ (paai ylyvecrOai, Kal Tt? p,ev ovro) (pOorj rrj^et avrov, tl<; 8e ovrco Xtyu-09 iinOpv^ei rd (nrXdy^va ; el Se /jLT) tmv <piXo- ^v')((t)v €17) Tt9 at'T09, ft) /SaaiXev, SeTjaerai crov TTore Kal aTroKTelvai avrov, rj eavrov ye diroKTevel, TToWd oXo^v p6 jjuevo^i rrjv irapovaav ravrrjv rjfiepav, ev rj fir) evOv<; aTreOave. tovto /jl€v Sr)

TOiOVTOV TOV ^ AtToWcOVLOV Kal OVTCO (TO(f)OV Te Kai

rjjjuepov, e^' (o 6 ^aaiXev<; dvrJKe rov Odvarov rw evvovx^p'


XXXVII

CAP. M.eWcov Se irore 7rpo<; Or)pa yiyveaOai tmv ev T0t9 irapaheiaoi'^ Or)piwv, €9 0^9 \eovTe^ re diro- KeiVTai T0t9 ^apj3dpoi^ Kal dpKTOL Kal TrapSdXei^, 7)^iov TOV ' AttoWcovcov 7rapaTV')(€iv ol 6r)po)VTL, Se " eKXekrjaai, ft) ^aaiXev'* ecfyr), ** on /jLr)Se OvovTL (joi irapaTvyy/iVbi ; Kal dXX(o<; ovx V^^ Or)pLOL(; ^e^aaavLa/iievoL^ Kal irapd ti)v (puacv Tr)v eavTMV SeSovXcofievoL'i iiriTiOeaOair epofxevov he avrov TOV ^aaiXeco*^, 7rw9 av /3e/3aL(o<^ Kai

106


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

think he deserves to die many times for thus trying chap. to usurp my rights?" '^^ Nay, but my answer, O ^^^^^ king, was suggested not by any wish to condone his offence, but rather to mete out to him a punishment which will wear him out. For if he lives with this disease of impotence on him, and can never take pleasure in eating or drinking, nor in the spectacles which delight you and your companions, and if his heart will throb as he often leaps up in his sleep; as they say is })articularly the case of people in love, — is there any form of consumption so wasting as this, any form of hunger so likely to enfeeble his bowels ? Indeed, miless he be one of those who are ready to live at any price, he will entreat you, O king, before long even to slay him, or he will slay himself, deeply deploring that he was not put to death straight away this very day."

Such was the answer rendered on this occasion l)y x^pollonius, one so wise and humane, that the king was moved by it to spare the life of his eunuch.

XXXVII

One day the king was going to hunt the animals chap. in the parks in which the barbarians keep lions and ^^^^^^ bears and leopards, and he asked Apollonius to accom- e^^mpose"^ pany him on the chase, but the latter replied : "You the king's have forgotten, O king, that I never attend you, \iiththc even when vou are sacrificing;. And moreover, it is i^'^™*"^ .

^ ^ over certain

no pleasure to me to attack animals that have been frontier ill-treated and enslaved in violation of their nature." ^^ *^^* And the king asking him what was the most stable and secure way of governing, Apollonius answered :

107


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. d(7(j)a\cb<; ap')(^oi, ** ttoXXoi/?," e^r], *' rifiMV, TTLarevcov Be 0X170^9*" irpea Pevofxevov 8e Trore Tov rrjf; ^vpia^ ap')(^ovTO<^ irepl kco/jlmv, olfiac, Svo TrpocTOiKcov T(W Zevy/uLaTL, /cal c^ddKovTO^ viraKT]- Koevai fjbev avTa<; 'Ai^rtop^co Kal XeXev/cfp TraXai, vvv Be vir avro) elvat, ^P(o/jLaLOL<; irpoarjKovcra^, Kal TOV<; jxev ^Apa^iov; re koI Ap/jueviov^; jxr) evo')(\elv ra^ KcofjLa<;, avrbv Be VTrep^aivovra rocravrrjv 7771^ KapirovaOai a(f)d<^, &)9 avTOv /xaXXov rj ^Vwfiaicov ovaws, fjLera(TTr]ad/jievo<; o ^aaikei)^ tov<; irpeajBet^ '* ra? fxev K(op.a^ raura?,'* ecpi], "^AiroWcovie, ^vvex(*^pV^^^ '^OL^ ^P'Ol^ TrpoyovoL^; ol ^aaikel<^, 01)9 elirovy Tpo(f)f]<; eve/ca tmv Orfpicov, a irap rj/jilv oXKTKOjjLeva (f)OLTa 69 tt^z^ eKeivwv Bia tov ¥jV(j)pdTOV, ol B\ ioairep eKXaOoixevoL tovtov KaLVMV re koI clBlkcov dnTTOVTai. Tt9 ovv (paiverai (joi T?}9 7rp€cr^eLa<; 6 vov^ ;" " /jLerpLO^;, Si /SaaiXev,^' ecpT], " Kal e'TTLeiKi]^, el, a Bvvavrai Kal aKOVTO^ e'xeiv ev rfj eavrcov ovra, ^ovXovraL irap" eK6vT0<; evpLdKecrOaL ixaWovT irpoaeTiOei Be Kal to fi'i] Belv virep kco/jlmv, mv fjuei^ovf; KeKTrjvTai Ta'^a Kal IBiMTai, BtacpepeaOat 7r/309 'Pa)yLtatou9, Kal iroXefiov ovB^ virep fxeydXcov aipeaOac. voaovvTL Be tw /3aaL\el Trapciov, ToaavTci re Kal ovtco 6ela irepl -y^v^r}^ Bie^rfkOev, oi)<; tov /SaaiXea dvaTrvevaai, Kal 7rpo<; tol'9 7rapovTa<^ elirelv, otl " ' A7roXXft)z^£09 ovK virep T?}9 l3aaL\eia<; /uiovT]<; d^povTidTelv etpyaaTai fie, dWa Kai virep tov OavdTovT

108


LIFE OF APOLLONTUS, BOOK 1

"To respect many^ and confide in few." And chap. on one occasion the governor of Syria sent a mission ^^^^^^^ about two villao'es^ which, I think, are close to the Bridge, alleging that these villages had long ago been subject to Antiochus and Seleucus, but at present they were under his sway, and belonged to the Romans, and that, whereas the Arabians and Armenians did not disturb these villages, yet the king had traversed so great a distance in order to exploit them, as if they belonged to himself, rather than to the Romans. The king sent the embassy aside, and said : " O Apollonius, these villages were given to my forefathers by the kings whom I mentioned, that they might sustain the wild animals, which are taken by us in our country and sent to theirs across the Euphrates, and they, as if they had forgotten this fact, have espoused a policy that is new and unjust What then do you think are the intentions of the embassy.^" Apollonius replied: "Their intention, O king, is moderate and fair, seeing that they only desire to obtain from you, with your consent, places which, as they are in their territory, they can equally well retain without it." And he added his opinion, that it was a mistake to quarrel with the Romans over villages so paltry that probably bigger ones were owned even by private individuals ; he also said that it was a mistake to go to war even over large issues. And when the king was ill he visited him, and discoursed so weightily and in such a lofty strain about the soul, that the king recovered, and said to his courtiers, that Apollonius had so wrought upon him that he now felt a contempt, not only for his kingdom but also for death.

109


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


XXXVIII


xxxxiu ^^^ ^^ (Trjpayya rrjv viro tw ^jv^pdrj) SeL/cvvvTO*; avTw TTore rov /3aaiXea)<; /cal ** rt aot, (^aiveTai to Oavfjua ; " elirovTO^;, KarafidWcov rrfv reparovpyiav ^AttoWcovlo^ " Oav/xa av rjv, o) ^aaiXev,^^ €(f)7],

    • 6t Bia Tov TTora/jLOv /SaOeof; ovtco /cat diropov

ovTO(; irei^r) epadi^ere. dei^avro^; oe kui ra ev RK^ardvoL^; tg/^t; /cal Oecov (f)da/covTO<; ravra elvat oi/crjatv '* decov jiev ovk eaiiv 6Xa)<; 0L/cr)(TL<;, etirev, " el he dvhpMv ovk otSw rj yap AaKeBat/jue^- vi(oVy ft) ^aaiKev, itoKl^ aret^iCTTO? (pKLCFTaL.^^ fcal firjv Kal Slktjv tlvcl SiKdaavTO<; avrov fccofiatf; Kal fxeyaXo^ povov jxevov irpo'; tov ^AttoWcoviov, &)9 Svotv r}/ji€pCi)V 7)Kpoa/jLevo(; elrj Trj<; SiKr]<; " /SpaSiax^ 7'," e(f)rj, " TO hiKaiov evpe<;.' ')(^prip,dT(i)v he e/c T^9 virrjKOOV <f)OiTr)advT(ov iroTe dOpocov, dvoi^a<; T0v<; 6r]aavpov<; eheiKvv tw dvSpl to, ^/jT^yLtara, v7ray6/jL€vo<; avTov 69 eTrtOv/jLLav ttXovtov, 6 Se ovBev cov elhe Oavfjidaa^ '* aoi raOTa," e^?;, " w paaiXev, ^/^r/yLtara, e/jLOL oe a')(vpa' tl av ovv, e^7), ** irpaTTCov /caXft)9 avTOL<; ^prjcral/jLrjv ; "

  • ' ')(^pc'oixevo<^r e<j)r}y '* ^a(TtX€v<; yap et."


1 10


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I


XXXVIII

One day the king was showing to him the grotto chap. under the Euphrates, and asked him what he thought

r, ir-i ji- \. ^^ • • He lielittles

oi SO wonderiul a thing. ApoUonms m answer the kind's belittled the wonder of the work, and said : " It palaces an.i

, . , r^ -i . .n 1 wealth

would be a real miracle, O kmg, it you went diy- shod through a river as deep as this and as unfordable." And when he was shown the walls of Ecbatana, and was told that they were the dwelling- place of gods, he remarked : " They are not the dwelling-place of gods at all, and I am not sure that they are of real men either; for, O king, the inhabitants of the city of Lacedaemon do not dwell within walls, and have never fortified their city." Moreover, on one occasion the king had decided a suit for some villages and was boasting to ApoUonius of how he had listened to the one suit for two whole days. " Well," said the other, "you took a mighty long time, anyhow, to find out what was just." And when the revenues from the subject country came in on one occasion in great quantities at once, the king opened his treasury and showed his wealth to the sage, to induce him to fall in love with wealth ; but he admired nothing that he saw and said: "This, for you, O king, represents wealth, but to me it is mere chaff." " How, then," said the other, "and in what manner can I best make use of it .^ " '^'^ By spending it," he said, "for you are a king."


Ill


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


XXXIX


CAP. UoWa TOLavra ttoo? tov SaaiXia elircbv koX tv- '-^oiv avTov irpoOvfJbov Trpdrreiv a ^vvefSovXevev, ere Kai Tr}<^ rrpo^ rov^ /jbdyov^; ^vvovaia^; lKavco<; e^wv aye, CO Ha/ubi, e^rj, e? ivbov<; icufMev. Oi puev yap T0fc9 A(OTO(f)ayoL<; irpoaTrXevcravTe'; cnTr\yovTO rcov oLK€Lcov tjOmv viTO TOV ^pcofjbaTo^i, r)/jL6t<; Be /jL7] yevo- fxevoi TLvo<^ t6)v evravOa Kadij/aeOa nrXeiw y^povov TOV el/coTO^ Te Kal ^v/x/jLeTpovT '* Ara/xot," e^r; 6 Ad/jLc<;, " vTrephoKel TavTa' eirel he eveOvfiovix-qv tov ')(^povov, ov ev TTJ Xeaivr) SteaKe'\jr(o, TrepLe/juevov dvv- (rOrjvaL avTov ovirco fxev ovv e^rjKei 7rd<;, evtavTO^ yap r]fuv ijSr] Kal /jL7]ve<; Terra/oe?* el 8e ijBr] fcofii- QoLfjueua, ev av e'^oc; ovde avrjaec7]/jia<^, ecprj, co Aa/jbL, /3aac\ev<i irpoTepov rj tov oySoov TeXevTrjaai fxrjva' ')(pr)(TTOv ydp irov 6pd(; avTov /cal KpeuTTfo rj /Sap^dpcov dp^ecv.^*


XL

CAP. Evrel Se diraWdTTeaOai Xolttov eSo/cei Kal ^vve^d)pr)o-e iroTe 6 ^aaiXev^ aTnevai, dve/jLV)]cr6rj TMV S(oped)v 6 'A7roXXft)i/(.o9, a? dve^dWeTo e? t' dv (J)l\oo avTQ) yevdiVTac, Kal " o) ^eXTcaTe,'^ ecpTj, " IBacTiXev, tov ^evov ovBev ev TreiroirjKa Kal fjLLcrOov ocfyeiXco T0L<i ixdyoc^' av ovv eirifJbeXrj- OrjTL avTMV Kal tov/jLov 7rpoOv/jL7]6r)TL irepl avSpa^; ao(f)ov(; Te Kal aol crcfyoBpa evvov<;. V7rep7ja0el<;

112


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

XXXIX

He had addressed many such sayings to the king, chap. and found him ready to do what he adv'ised him ; ^^^^^ when finding that he had had enough of the society of Jo'^^n't"'^ the Magi, he said to Damis : " Come, let us start for India, but India. For the people who visited the lotus-eaters a'year and in their shii^s were seduced from their own home- ^^^^^t, .

• 1 1 1 !• 1 1 -1 • inonths in

princi{)les by the tood ; and we without tasting any Babylon of the victuals of this land, have remained here a longer time than is right and fitting." " And I," said Damis, " am more than of your opinion ; but as I bore in mind the period of time wliich you discovered by the help of the lioness, I was waiting on for it to be completed. Now it has not yet all of it expired, for we have so far only spent a year and four months ; however, if we can depart at once, it would be as well." " But," said the other, "the king will not let us go, O Damis, before the eightft month has passed ; for you, I think, see that he is a worthy man and too superior a person to be ruling over barbarians."

XL

When at last they were resolved on their departure chap, and the king had consented that they should go ^^^ away, Apollonius remembered the presents, which J^uips'^tbem he had put off till he should have acquired friends, for further and he said : O excellent king, I have in no way remunerated my host and I owe a reward to the Magi ; do you therefore attend to them, and oblige me by bestowing your favours on men who are both wise and wholly devoted to yourself." The king then

VOL. I. I


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. ovv 6 ^aatXev^ *' tovtov^ fiev avptov ^rj\a)TOv<i,'^ €(f)r}, " Kal /jL€yd\cov rj^ico/jLevov^ airohel^w croc, av 8' eVel /jirjSevb^; Serj tmv g/xcov, aWa tovtol^ ye ^vy^ayprjcrov ^prjfiaTa irap ifiov Xa^etv Kal 6 Ti ^ovKovTai, ' Toi)^ a/jbcfn rov Ad/iLv Set^a?. dirocTT pa(^evT(Dv ovv KaKeuvcov tov \6yov tovtov " opa^r '^<j>Vy " ^ ^acrCKev, ra? 6yu,a9 'x^elpa^i, ft)9 TToWau re elat fcal aXX^^Xat? ofjiotac;' '* cri) Be dWa rjye/jiova dyov,^' 6 /3ao"fcXeL'9 ecf)?], " koI Ka/jurj- Xof?, e(^' Mv 6')(rjae<Tde, to yap ixrjKO<^ t/}? oBov KpetTTov 7] ^ahicraL iraGavT " yuyveaOco,^^ €<p7], " m ^acTtXev, TOVTO, (pacrl yap rrjv ohov airopov eivat fiTj ovT(o<; o'^ovfievo), Kal dWo)^ to ^Sov evcrtrov re Kal pdhiov jSocTKecv, oirov jxr] ^tXo? etrj, Kal vScop Be, ol/jiai, )(pr) iTTCaLTiaaaOat Kal dirdyeiv avro ev ^aKol<;, coo-wep tov olvov^ *' Tpicjv rjfiepcov,^^ €(f>r} 6 PaaiXevs," dvvBpo^i rj %ft)pa, /xera TavTa Be ttoWt} dipOovia TTOTa/jiCJV re Kal Trrjycov, /BaBu^eLv Be Bel Trjv iirl K^avKdcrov, Ta yap eiriTrjBeLa d(j>dova Kal (j)LXr) 7) p^wpa." ipo/Jievov Be avTov tov /SaaiXeay^ 6 TLavTt^ dird^ec eKeWev "'^^apiev,' e(l>r], "Si /SaaiXev, Boypov Tjv yap r) crvvovaia tojv dvBpcov aocfxoTepov fie d'Tro(j>rivr), ^eXTcayv d(f)i^o/jLaL aoc rj vvv etfiL. TreptefiaXev 6 ^aacXev<^ raOra elirovTa Kal

  • ' d(j)LKOco,^' elire, to yap Bcopov /xeya.^'


114


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I

was more than delighted, and said : '^ I will show you chap. to-morrow how much I value them and what great ^^ rewards 1 hold them to have earned ; but since you ask for nothing that is mine, I hope you will at least allow these gentlemen to acce{)t from me whatever money they like/' and he pointed to Damis and his companions. And when they too declined the offer, Apollonius said : " You see, O king, how many hands I have, and how closely they resemble one another." "But do you anyhow take a guide," said the king, "and camels on which to ride ; for the road is too long by far for you to walk the whole of it." " Be it so," said Apollonius, " O king : for they say that the road is a difficult one for him who is not so mounted, and moreover this animal is easily fed and finds his pasture easily where there is no fodder. And, methinks, we must lay in a supply of water also and take it in bottles, like wine." " Yes," said the king, "for three days the country is waterless, but after that there are plenty of rivers and springs ; but you must take the road over the Caucasus, for there you will find plenty of the necessities of life and the country is friendly." And the king then asked him what he would bring back to him from his destination ; and he answ^ered : " A graceful gift, O king, for if I am turned into a wiser man by the society of people yonder, I shall return to you here a better man than I now am." When he said this the king embraced him and said : " May you come back, for that will indeed be a great gift."


I '1

115


BOOK II


B'


CAP. ^EvTevOep i^eKavvovai irepl to Sepo^ avroi re o\oviJLevoi Kal 6 r]y€fia)v, lirTTOKOfio^; 8e rjv tmv /ca/Ji^Xcov Kal ra eirirrjheLa, 6it6(T(ov iSeovro, rjv a(^6ova ^aacXeax; S6vto<;, ij re X^P^' ^^' V'^ ^'^^' pevovTo, ev eirparrev, ihe^ovro he avrov^ ai KWfiaL OepaTrevovaar ^P^^^^ J^P '^«^^oi/ 97 7rp(OT7] KdfJLr]\o<; eVl tov fiercoTTOv €(f)€p€, yiyvcocrKeLV roU ivTvyydvovaiv, w? irepLiroL nva ^acn\€v<; rcov eavTov cf)LX(ov. iTpocri6vTe<^ he rw J^av/cdaw (paaiv evoahecTTepa^ tt}? 7)79 aladetrOao.

II

CAP. To Be 6po<; TOVTO dp^V^ iroico/jieOa Tavpov tov " 8fc' 'Apfievca^ re Kal KiXlkcov eirl UafMpvXov^; Kal MvKaXrjv aTelxovTo^, y) TeXevTcoaa e? OdXaTTav, fjv Ka/oe? oIkovo-l, Tepp.a tov Kau- Kdaov voixL^oiT av, dXX ovx> ^? evcot (fyaaiv, dpXT '^^ '^^ 7"/^ "^V^ MvKdX7]<; vyjro<i ovirco fjueya Kal al inrep^oXal tov KavKaaov togovtov dveaTaaiv, m (j;^tfeo-^at irepl avTa^ tov ijXtov. irepi/SdXXet Be Tavpcp eTepo) Kal ttjv ofiopov Trj

118


BOOK T[


In the summer our travellers, together with their chap. guide, left Babylon and started out, mounted on ^ camels ; and the king had supplied them with a Babvion^ camel-driver, and plenty of provisions, as much as they wanted. The country through which they travelled was fertile ; and the villages received them very respectfully, for the leading camel bore upon his forehead a chain of gold, to intimate to all who met them that the king was sending on their way some of his own friends. And as they approached the Caucasus they say that they found the land becoming more fragrant.


II

We may regard this mountain as the beginning of chap. the Taurus which extends through Armenia and Cilicia as far as Pamphylia and Mycale, and it ends of Cauct^iTs at the sea on the shore of which the Carians live, ^"*^ Taurus and this we may regard as the extreme end of the Caucasus, and not as its beginning, as some people say. For the height of Mycale is not very great, whereas the peaks of the Caucasus are so lofty that the sun is cloven asunder by them. And it encom- passes with the rest of the Taurus the whole of

119


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. ^IvSlkj} ZKvOlav iraaav Kara Maiwrti^ re Kal apiarepov Tiovrov, (TTahlwv /uLoXicTTa ScafivpLcov pbr]KO<^, ToaovTov yap cVe^j^et pberpov rrj^i yrj<; o ajKoov rod "KavKaaov to Se irepl rov ev rfj rj/bieBaTrfj Tavpov Xeyofxevov, a)<; v-nep rrjv Ap~ jjLevLav iropevoiTO, 'y^povw aTTLaTr)6ev Triarovvrac XoLTTOv al 7rapBd\6i<;, a? olSa aXtaKOfJueva^; ev rfj TIafjb(f)v\cov apco/jLaroipopa). ')(alpovoL yap Toi<; dpcofiaat, kclk ttoXXov to.? oafxa^; eXKovcrat (potTcbaiv €^ ^Ap/ji6Via<; Sta twv opcov 7rpo9 TO Scifcpvov Tov aTvpaKO<;, eireihav ol re dvepuoi diT avTOV TTvevacocTL Kal tcl BevSpa ottcoBt] yevrjTat. kul akoivai Trore (paacv ev ttj ITa/zc^fXta irdphaXiv aTpeirTW ctfia, bv irepl tt} hepr) e<j)epe, '^pvcrov^ Se r)v Kal eireyeypaTTTO ^Apfievioc<; ypd/JL- fxaac BASIAETS APSAKHS ©EHI NT^mi. ffacnXeuf; jxev Br) ^Ap/jLevia^; TOTe r)v 'A/ocra/^/?9, Kal avTo^i, olfiai, IBoov rrjv TrdpSaXtv dvrjKe rw Alovvcto) Slol fiiyedo^ tov Orjpiov. Nucrto? yap 6 Ac6vv(to<; diro ri}? ev 'Iz^Sot? Nv(Trj<; lvSol<; re ovofJud^eTat Kal Trdac toI<; irpo^ aKTlva eOveaiv. rj Be '^povov fjbev Tiva vire^ev'^Orj dvdpco7r(p, Kal X'^lpa r)veGyeTO e7ra(f)a)/jiev7]v re Kai KaTa'^o)aav, eirel Be dvoi- (TTpr}crev avrrjv eap, ore Brj d(f>poBLai(DV rjTTOVf; Kal TrapBdXet^;, dveOopev e? Ta op)] ttoOw dpaevcov, co? et)(e TOV Koa/iiov, Kal tjXco irepl rov Kdro) Tavpov virb TOV dpdy/jLaTC^ eX')(Oel(Ta. c Be KavKacro^; opi'^ec fJiev rijv TvBlktJv re Kal ^rjBiKijv^ KaOiJKCi Be iirl TTjv '¥jpvOpdv OdXarrav eTepco dyKoyvi,

120


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

Scythia which borders on India, and skirts Maeotis chap.

and the left side of Pontus, a distance ahnost of ^'

20,000 stades ; for no less than this is the extent of

land enclosed by the elbow of the Caucasus. As to the

statement made about such part of the Taurus as is in

our own country, to the effect that it projects beyond

Armenia, — it was long disbelieved, but has received

definite confirmation from the conduct of the pards. On leopards

which I know are caught in the spice-bearing

region of Pamphylia. For these animals delight in

fragrant odours, and scenting their smell from afar

off they quit Armenia and traverse the mountains

in search of the tear or gum of the Styrax, whenever

the winds blow from its quarter and the trees are

distilling. And they say that a pard was once

caught in Pamphylia which was wearing a chain

round its neck, and the chain was of gold, and on

it was inscribed in Armenian lettering : '■' The king Armenian

Arsaces to the Nysian ffod." Now the king of "^^"p^^'^"

y ^ 1 . » ^ on a

Armenia was certainly at that time Arsaces, and he, leopards I imagine, finding the pard, had let it go free in ^ honour of Dionysus because of its size. For Dionysus is called Nysian by the Indians and by all the Oriental races from Nysa in India. And this animal had been for a time under the restraint of man, and would let you pat it with your hand and caress it ; but when it was goaded to excitement by the springtime, for in that season the pards begin to rut, it would rush into the mountains, from longing to meet the male, decked as it was with the ring ; and it was taken in the lower Taurus whither it had been attracted by the fragrance of the gum. And the Caucasus bounds India and Media, and stretches down by another arm to the Red Sea.

121 .


FLA VI us PHILOSTRATUS


III


CAP. M.vOo\oy€LTac Be viro tmv fiapjSdpayv to 6po<;, a Koi "FjW7]P€(; eV avrw aSovaiv, &)9 Ilpo/jL7]6€u<; fxev eVt (^iXavOpcoTTia heOeirj i/cel, '^Hpa/cX?}*? Be erepo^;, ov yap rov ®r)/3al6i' ye /SovXovrai, /jlt] avd- a')(^OLTO rovTo, dWd ro^evaete rov opviv, ov e^ocTKev YLpo/jLr)deu<; rot? air\dy')(yoi<;' Sedrjvat Be avrov ol jxev ev avTp(p <f>a(Tiv, o Brj ev irpoiroBt rov 6pov<; BeiKvvTai, Kol Bea/JLOL 6 Adfjbi<; dvr}<^6ai rcov irerpodv \eyet ov paBia ^vfi^aXecv rrjv vXrjv, ol 8' eV KopV(j)fj Tov opov^' BtKopv/n/Sof; Be rj Kopv(f)r) Kai <^a(7iv, ft)? ra? yelpa^ dir avTcov eBeOif] BiaXei- irovaMV ov fjuelov rj (ttoBiov, toctovto'^ yap elvai. TOV Be opviv TOV deTov ol t&> K.avKd<T(p irpoaot- KovvTe<; eyOpov rjyovvTat Kal Ka\Ld<^ ye, oTroca? ev TOt? TTayoL^ ol deTol iroiovvTai, KaTaTrifJurpdaLV levT€<; ^eXrj irvpcpopa, OrjpaTpd re eV avTOV<; LCTTavTai Ti/jL(ope2v tw UpofiijOet (pdaKOVTe<;' wBe yap TOV fxvdov iJTTrjvTai.


IV

CAP. Tlapa[jbei^\ravTe^ Be tov J^avfcacrov Terpa-Trr^^e^? dvOpcoTTOv; IBelv (pacnv, 01)9 rjBr] /xeXacveaOat, Kal TrevTaiTTj'^eL^ Be eTepov<; virep tov '\vBov iroTafxov eX66vTe^. ev Be Tjj p^xpi tov iroTafiov tovtov


122


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II


III

And legends are told of this mountain by the chap. barbarians^ which also have an echo in the poems of the Greeks about it, to the effect that Prometheus, prom"etii*eu.s because of his love of man, was bound there, and that ^""^ ^^^ Hercules, — another Hercules and not the Theban is meant, — could not brook the ill-treatment of Prometheus, and shot the bird which was feeding upon his entrails. And some say that he was bound in a cave, which as a matter of fact is shown in a foot-hill of the mountain : and Damis says that his chains still hung from the rocks, though you could not easily guess at the material of which they were made, but others say that they bound him on the peak of the mountain ; and it has two summits, and they say that his hands were lashed to them, although they are distant from one another not less than a stade,^ so great was his bulk. But the inhabitants of the Caucasus regard the eagle as a hostile bird, and burn out the nests which they build among the rocks by hurling into them fiery darts, and they also set snares for them, declaring that they are avenging Prometheus ; to such an extent are their imaginations dominated by the fable.

IV

Having passed the Caucasus our travellers say they chap. saw men four cubits high, and that they were already ^^ black, and that when they passed over the river viits*tiie^^" Indus they saw others five cubits high. But on voyagers their way to this river our wayfarers found the

1 606 English feet.

123


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. ohonropia rdSe evpov a(j)'q'yrjaeco<^ a^ca' iiropevovro jxev yap iv aekrjvri Xa/jbTrpa, (pdafjua Se avTol<; ifi- '7rov(Tr]<; eVevrecre, to Selva ytvo/juevr] koI to helva av Kol ovBev elvat, 6 Be W.7ro\X(ovto(; ^vvrjKev, 6 tc etr), Koi avT6<; re iXocSopeiTO tjj ip^irovarj, TOi<=; re dfjicf)' avTov irpoaeTa^e tuvto TrpaTTecv, TavTl yap aKo<^ elvai ty]<; 7r/30cr/9oX?}9 TavTrj<^' Kal to (pdcr/jLa (l)vyfj (py/6T0 T€TpLy6^, (oairep tcl ecScoXa.


CAP. K.opv(f)7]v S' v7rep/3aXXovT€<^ tov opov^ Kal jBahi- ^ovT€<^ avTrjV, eireihr] diroTopuOi'^ ^^X^^j r]peTO ovtco- <7L TOV Lia/jicv' enre /jlol, ecpi], irov %c769 rjfjbev ; 6 he " ev Tw TreBla),'^ ecjirj. " Trjjxepov Be, w Ad/jLi, TTov ; " *' ev Tft) Kaf /cacTft)," eijrev, *^ el firj ijiavTov e/c\e\?7cr/xat." *' Trore ovv kcito) jjuoKKov rjcrda ; " TTOKLv TjpeTO, 06 TovTi fiev, €(f)r], ovOe eirepdi- TCLV d^tov %^e9 fiev yap Bed /coi\r)<:; ttj^; yrjf; eiro- pevofieOa, Ti]fiepov Be 7rpo9 t« ovpava> eafxev^^ oiei ovv, e<pr}, co /\a/jLi, ttjv fxev %c7e9 oooiiropiav KdTCO elvat, ttjv Be TTjjjbepov dvco ;" " vrj Ar," elirev,

    • el fir) /jLalvofiai 76." "tl ovv 'r^yfiT €(f)r), irapaX-

XdTTecv Ta<; 0801)9 dXXijXcov rj tl Trj/iepov rrXeov elvai aoi tov ;)(;^e9;" OTi ^^69," e<pt], " e/3dBc^ov ovirep TToXXoL, aij/xepov Be, ovirep oXt-yot." '*t6 124


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

following incidents worthy of notice. For they were chap. travelling by bright moonlight^ when the figure of ^ an empusa or hobgoblin a])]ieared to them, that changed from one form into another, until finally it vanished into nothing. And Apollonius realised what it was, and himself heaped abuse on the hob- goblin and instructed his party to do the same, saying that this was the right remedy for such a visitation. And the phantasm fied away shrieking even as ghosts do.


And as they were passing over the summit of the chap. mountain, going on foot, for it was very steep, ^ Apollonius asked of Damis the following question. with"ihimis "Tell me," he said, "where wx were yesterday," '^^^out And he replied : '^ On the plain." " And to-day, O eeriugand Damis, where are we?" "In the Caucasus," said ^"^^^°^'^" he, "if I mistake not." "Then when were you lower down than you are now ? he asked again, and Damis replied : " That's a q^uestion hardly worth asking. For yesterday we were travelling through the valley below, w^hile to-day we are close up to heaven." " Then you think," said the other, " O Damis, that our road yesterday lay low down, whereas our road to-day lies high up.'*" "Yes, by Zeus," he replied, " unless at least I'm mad." " In what respect then," said Apollonius, "do you suppose that our roads differ from one another, and what advantage has to-day's path for you over that of yesterday } " " Because," said Damis, " yesterday I was walking along where a great many people go, but to-day, where are very few." "Well," said the other, "O

125


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. 'ydpT ecf))], " o) Aci/jit, ov tcaX ra^i iv ciarei Xeaxfyu- povs €KTp€7ro/jL6V(p ^aSi^€iv iarlv iv oXcyoc^ tmv avup(07r(ov ; ov tovto, e<p?;, euTTOV, aW on

^^69 fJLEV Sea KCO/JLMV iKO/.U^6/JL66a KoX dvOpCOTTCOV,

arjfjiepov he daTL^e<; tl dva^aivofiev ^((opiQv kol Oelov, oLKovec^ yap rod T^yefjLovo^, on ol ^dp^apot Oeoiv avTo Troiovvrac oIkov, ' koI dfia dve/SXeirev 69 TTjv K0pv<j)r)v Tov 6pov<^. 6 Be ifi/SijSd^cov avrov €9 o ef dp-^rj<; r)p(i)Ta *' e;^efc9 ovv elirelv, w Ad/xc, 6 n ^vv7]Kas TOV Oeiov jSaBi^cov dyypv rod ovpavov;^ ovoeVy €<prj. Kai /jLtjv e')(^pr}v ye, enrev, eiri /jLTj'^avrjf; Tr)\LKavT7]<; fcal 6eia<^ ovtco<; earr^KOTa irept T€ TOV ovpavov (Ta(f>e(TTepa'^ rjBrj €K(f)6peLv Sof<x9 irept T€ TOV tjXlov koX t^9 aeXrjvr]'^, S)v ye KoX pd^Bci) L(TCO(; rjyfj yjravaeiv TrpoaeaTriK(b<i to) ovpavQ) TOVTO). a %c7e9, €<pr), irepi tov uetov

eyiyv(t)GKOv, yiyvotiaKO) koI Trjixepov, kol ovttco fj,oi eTepa TrpocreTreae irepl avTOv So^a^ " ov/covv" ecpT}, " 0) Ad/jLL, KdTO) Tvy')(^dv€i<; mv eVi, koX ovhev irapd TOV v-^^rovf; €iXr}^a<;, a7re%et9 tg tov ovpavov oTToaov %^e9' Kal etKOTco^; ere rjpoiJbrjv, a iv dp')(fi' (TV yap (i)ov yeXol(D<; ipcoTdaOaL^ " /cal /jl^v,^^ ^4^Vy " /caTa^ijaeaOai ye aocf)coTepo<; (p/j,r)v ukovcov, ^ KiroXXdiVLe, tov puev KXa^o/jievLov 'Ava^ayopav diro TOV KaTOL ^Icoviav MtyLtaz^T09 iireaKe^OaL tcl iv Tw ovpavw, (daXrjv re tov M.iXdaiov o-tto t^9

126


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 11

Damis, can you not also in a city turn out of the chap. main street and walk Avliere you will find very few ^ people ? " '"I did not say that/' re})lied Damis, " but that yesterday we were passing through villages and populations, whereas to-day we are ascending through an untrodden and divine region : for you heard our guide say that the barbarians declare this tract to be the home of the gods." And with that he glanced up to the summit of the mountain. But Apollonius recalled his attention to the original question by saying : "^ Can you tell me then, O Damis, what understanding of divine mystery you get by walking so near the heavens.^" '^ None whatever/' he replied. ^"^And yet you ought/' said Apollonius. " When your feet are placed on a platform so divine and vast as this, you ought at once to utter thoughts of the clearest kind about the heaven and about the sun and moon, which you probably think you could touch from a vantage ground so close to heaven." "^ Whatever," said he, " I knew about God's nature yesterday, I equally know to-day, and so far no fresh idea has occurred to me concerning him," "So then," replied the other, "you are, O Damis, still below, and have won nothing from being high up, and you are as far from heaven as you were yesterday. And my question which I asked you to begin with was a fair one, although you thought that I asked it in order to make fun of you." "The truth is/' replied Damis, '^'^that I thought I should anyhow go down from the mountain wiser than I came up it, because I had heard, O Apollonius, that Anaxagoras of Clazomenae observed the heavenly bodies from the mountain Mimas in Ionia, and Thales of Miletus from

127


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. irpoaoLKOV Mf «;aA,7;9, Xeyovrai Se koX tw Yia'yyaiU) evLOi (f)povrL(TTrjpi(i) y^pr^craaOai /cal erepoi ru) "K6(p. eyo) 3e /jueyicrTov tovtcov dveXOcov vyjro^; ovoev ao(j)(i)T6po(; eavTOv Kara^ijao/jiaL.^^ ** ovBe yap eKelvoi^ €(p7], " at yap TOialSe TrepLooTral yXavKo- repov /Jb6v Tov ovpavov a'Tro(^aivovcn kul /ji€t^ov<; Toi'9 aaT6pa<; /cal tov tjXlov dvLa')(ovTa i/c vvKro<;, a Kal TTOifieaiv rjhrj Kal al7r6XoL<=; earl BijXa, birrj he TO Oelov eTrip^eXelTai tov dvOpcoTreuov yevov; Kal OTTT] ')(aipeL vtt avTOV Oepa7revop,€vov, 6 tl re dpcTT] /cal 6 Ti hiKaioavvrj re Kal o-axppoavvr], ovt€ "AOo}<i eKhei^ei to?? dveXOovaiv ovtb o 6avfia^o- /jL€vo<; viro twv ttoitjtcov "OXvfi7ro<;, el firj hiopcpT) avTOL r} '^L'%>?, ^v, el KaOapa Kal dK7]paT0<; avTCJV aiTTOLTO, TToXXo) pbel^ov eycoy av <pai7]v aTTeiv

TOVTOvl TOV K-aVKO-CTOV.


VI

CAP. "T7rep/3dvTe<; Be to opo^ evTvy')(^dvovaLv eV eXe- <pavT(ov ijorj o')(ov[ievoL'^ avopaacv, eiai o ovtol pueaoL l^avKaaov Kal iroTapbOv K.o) (f)r]vo<;, a^cot t€ Kal iTTTTOTai Trj<; dyeXrjf; TavTr]^, Kal Kap^r/Xoi 8e eviov^ Tjyov, al<; ')(^po)VTai ^Ivhol e? tcl SpofiiKa, TTopevovTat, he p^tXta a-Tahia tyj^; r)p£pa<^ yovv ovhap^ov Kdp.^|raaac. TrpoaeXdaa^; ovv twv ^Ivhcov el? eVl Kap,r)Xov TOLavTt]<; rjpctiTa tov rjyefiova ol aTei')(^oiev, eirel he tov vovv tt;? dTroh'qpLLa^; ijKovcrev, dirrjyyeiXe rot? vopbdaiv, ol he dve/Soijo-av wairep 128


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

Mycale whicli was close by his home ; and some are chap. said to have used as their observatory mount Pangaeus ^ and others Athos. But I have come up a greater height than any of these^ and yet shall go down again no wiser than I was before. " '^'^ For neither did they/' replied ApoUonius : '^^and such stargazings show you indeed a bluer heaven and bigger stars and the sun rising out of the night ; but all these phenomena were manifest long ago to shepherds and goatherds^ but neither Athos will reveal to those who climb up it^ nor Olympus, so much extolled by the poets, in what way God cares for the human race and how he delights to be worshipped by them, nor reveal the nature of virtue and of justice and temperance, unless the soul scans these matters narrowly, and the soul, I should say, if it engages on the task pure and undefiled, will soar much higher than this summit of Caucasus."


VI

And having passed beyond the mountain, they at chap. once came upon elephants with men riding on them ; ^^• and these people dwell between the Caucasus and oJt\j|^ the river Cophen, and they are rude in their lives Cophen and their business is to tend the herds of elephants ; some of them however rode on camels, which are used by Indians for carrj-ing des]:)atches, and they w411 travel 1,000 stades a day without ever bending the knee or lying down anywhere. One of the Indians, then, who was riding on such a camel, asked the guide w^here they were going, and when he was told the object of their voyage, he informed the nomads

129

VOL. I. K


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAi'. r^aOevje^, eKeXevov re TrXijaLOV^/ceLV Kal d(f>LKOfi€i'Oi'i oivov T€ copeyop, ov dirb roiv (^olvLkcov (TO(f)il^ovTaL, KoX jJLeXi diro rauTov cfyvrov fcal Teixd')(r) Xeovrcov KOI iraphdXewVy mv koI to, hepfiara veoSapra rjv, Se^dfievoL Se TrXrjv tcov Kpecop irdvra dirrjXaaav


VII

CAP. ^ ApcaT07rotov/jL6va)v Se avTcov 7r/oo9 ^rvyv ^^^'^o^;, €y^6a<; o ilafjLi<^ rov irapa tcov Jlvocov olvov ilto<;, €(f)7), " So)rrjpo<; ijSe aoc, ^ KiroXXoiVLe, Bca iroXXov ye TTLvovTL. ov ydp, olfiat, Trapatrrjo-r) Kal tovtov, Mairep rov diro tmv dfi'ireXcov " koI d/jta eaTreicreVf eTreiSr] rov Ato? iire/jLvrjcrOT]. yeXdaa^; ovv 6 ^ KiToXXdiVLO^; " ov Kal y^pr^jxaTCOVy'^ ecjyrj, " tt7re;^o- fieOa, w AayLtt ; " " vrj At*," elirevy " ci)9 7roXXa)(^ov eireoei^w. ap ovv, ecpij, '^(^pvarji; /xev opa')(/jLr)(;

Kal dpyvpd<; dcfie^ofieOa, kol oi)^ rjrrrjcrofieBa TOtovTov vofjLLa/jLaTo<;, KaiTOL K€')(r)v6Ta<^ 69 avro opcjvre^ ovK t3tft)Ta9 fiovov, dXXa /cal ^aatXea'^iy el Se ')(aXKovv Tt9 ct)9 dpyvpovv 7) viro'^pvaov re Kal KeKijBhrfXev jxevov tj/jLLV SiSolt], Xrfy^ofjLeda toOto, eirel fxr) eKelvo earuv, ov ol iroXXol yXl'^ovTai ; Kal /jLTjv Kal vo/jLicr/jLaTa earcv 'Iz/3ot9 opec^dXKOv re Kal '^aXKov fieXavo^, cov hel Stjirov iravra divelaOat nrdvTa^ ijKovras 69 ra 'IvSoov r)dr]' tl ovv ; el 130


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

thereof; and they raised a shout of ])leasiire^ and chaf bade them approach, and when they came up they ^^ offered them wine which they make out of palm dates and honey from the same tree, and steaks from the flesh of lions and leopards which they had just flayed. And our travellers accepted everything except the flesh, and then started off for India and betook themselves eastwards.


VII

And as they were taking breakfast by a spring of chap. water, Damis poured out a cup of the Indians' wine, ^^^ and said : '^ Here's to you, Apollonius, on the part if^pajm"'" of Zeus the Saviour ; for it is a long time since you wine, and have drunk any wine. But you will not, I am sure, t^etoTaiism refuse this as you do wine that is made from the fruit of the vine." And withal he poured out a libation, because he had mentioned the name of Zeus. Apollonius then gave a laugh and said : '■'■ Do we not also abstain from money, O Damis } " Yes, by Zeus,"' said the other, "as you have often intimated to us." '^ Shall we then," said the other, " abstain from the use of a golden drachma and of a silver piece, and be proof against temptation by any such coin, although we see not priv^ate individuals only, but kings as well, agape for money, and then if anyone offers us a brass coin for a silver one, or a gilded one and a counterfeit, shall we accept it, merely because it is not what it pretends to be, and what the many itch to have ? And to be sure the Indians have coins of orichalcus and black brass, with which, I suppose, all who come to the Indian haunts must purchase everything ; what


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. '^p/j/jLara tj/jllv wpeyov ol y^pi^arol vo/xd^e^, ap' dv, o) Aa/xi, TrapaLTOVfievov fxe opcov, ivovOerec; re koI ehi8aaK€(;, oti ^(^p^j/jLaTa puev e/cecvd iariv, a 'Vco/mlloi ')(apdTTOvaLv rj p ^ItJScov I3aat\ev<;, ravrl 8e vXrj T^9 erepa KeKoix-ylrevfjuevr^ rot? ^\vho2^ ; koX ravra Tretcra? nva dp rjyrjaco /xe ; dp* ov Ki^SrjXov re /cal Tr]v cf)t\oao(f)iav dirojBejSXrjKOTa jjbdWov i) ol Trovypol (TTparicoTaL rd*; daTriha^ ; Katrot, acTTrt^o? /juev dTrojBXrjOeiari^; erepa yevoiT dv tw dTro^aXovn KafCLcov ovSev tt}? irporepa^, ft)? ^Ap')(^iXo'^(p Sokcc, (f)cXocro(f)La 8e ttco? dvaKTrjrea rw ye dri/jidaavTC avrr]v koI pLyjravTL ; koX vvv fxev dv ^vyyiyvdxJKOi

Atovvao<^ ovSevb^i otvov r)TT7jfievu>, rov 8e diro

TMV (f)0CVL/CCOV cl TTpO TOV d/jLTTeXiVOV alpOL/JLTJV,

d'^Oecrerat, ev dlha, /cat irepivjBpiaOai ^rjaei to eavrov Scopov. eajxev Be ov rrroppw rod Oeov, /cat yap rod riy€/Ji6vo<; dKOV€L<i, ft)9 irXrjcriov rj NOcra ro 6po<i, 60' ov 6 Aiovvaofi iroXXd, olpbai, fcal Oav- fiaard irpdrrec. /cal firjv /cal to fieOveiv, m Aa/xi, ov/c €K ^orpvcov pLovcov ea(f)oird tov<; dvdpooTTov^;, dXXd /cal drrb ro)v (poLVL/cojv TrapairXrjo-KO'^ e/c/3aK- ')(€V€r TToXXoL^ yovv r^hr] rwv 'IvScov everv'^o/jiev /car€a')/7]fjLevoL<; rw o'lvco rovro), Kal ol fiev 6p')(ovvrat TTLTrrovre'^, ol 8e aSovaiv vrrovvardl^ovre^, oyairep

01 Trap rijxiv Ik irorov vvicrcDp re Kal ovk ev Mpa dvaXvovre<;. ore Be olvov rjyfj /cat rovro ro rrSyfia, BtjXoI^ rw arrevBeiv re drr avrov r(p Atl Kal OTToaa errl otvco ev)(^ea6ai. Kai e'Lprjrai fioi, co Ad/JLL, TT/oo? ae vrrep ifiavrov ravra' ovre yap tie

132


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

then ? Supposing the nomads, good people as they chap. are, offered us moneV;, would you in that case, Damis, ^^^ seeing me decline it, have advised me better and have explained, that what is coined by the Romans or by the king of Media is really money, whereas this is another sort of stuff only in vogue among the Indians ? And what would you think of me^ if you could jiersuade me of such things ? Would you not think I was a cheat and abandoned my philosophy as thoroughly as cowardly soldiers do their shields ? And yet^ when you have thrown away your shield you can procure another that is quite as good as the first, in the opinion of Archilochus. But how can one who has dishonoured and cast away philosophy, ever recover her ? And in this case Dionysus might well pardon one who refuses all wine whatever, but if I chose date-wine in preference to that made of grapes, he would be aggrieved, I am sure, and say that his gift had been scorned and flouted. And we are not far away from this god, for you hear the guide saying that the mountain of Nysa is close by, upon which Dionysus works, I believe, a great many miracles. Moreover, drunkenness, Damis, invades men not from drinking the wine of grapes alone, for they are equally roused to frenzy by date-wine. Anyhow we have seen a great many Indians overcome by this wine, some of them dancing till they fell, and others singing as they reeled about, just like the people among us, who indulge in drink of a night and not in season. And that you yourself regard this drink as genuine v.ine, is clear from the fact that you poured out a libation of it to Zeus and offered up the prayers which usually accompany wine. And this, Damis, is the defence which I have to make of


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. TOV TTLVeLV CLlTa^OUX CiV OVT€ TOU? OTTaSoV^i TOVTOV^,

^V'y')((typoii]v 5' av vfjuv koX Kpeoyv airelcrdai, to 'yap aireyecrOai tovtcov vjmv /lev e? ovSev opw irpolSal- vov, ifiavTW he €<; a oy/jboXoyTjraL jjboi irpo'^ cj^iXoao- (f)iai' i/c 7rat8o9." iSi^avro top Xoyov tovtov ol irepl TOV AdfjiLv /cat ricnrdaavTo evco^elaOac, pdov 7)yovfi€voo iropevaeaOat, fjv dchdovcoTepov Bcac-

TMVTai.


VIII

CAP. Atal3dvT€<^ 3e tov K.co(j)rjva iroTafiov, avTol fiev €7rl veSiv, /cdfirfkot 8e ire^f) to vBcop, o yap 7roTa/jLo<=; ovTTO) fjbeya<=;, eyevovTO iv ttj ^aaiXevofievr} rjire 'pw, ev f) dvaTelvov irec^vTevTat NOcra opo'^ e? Kopvc^rjv dfcpav, ocxJirep 6 ev Avhia Tyu-wXo?, dvajSaivetv S avTo e^eaTiv, (hSo7roL7]Tai yap vtto tov yecopyeto-Oai. dve\66vTe<; ovv lepw Acovvaov ivTV^eiv (pacriv, o Br) Acovvaov eavTO) (fiVTevaac Bd(f)vaL<^ TreptecTT')]- KVLai<; kvkXco, tocovtov Trepie')(ovcrai<^ t^9 7r)9, oaov diT6')(^prjv vecp ^vfjifxeTpw, klttov tg Trepi/SaXelv avTOV Kal dixireKov^ Tal^ 8d(f)vaL<;, dyaXfid t€ eavTOV evSov aTr/O-acr0aL,yLyvci)(TKOVTa &)? ^v/jxfyvcrec TCL BevSpa 6 '^p6vo<; Kal BdxTet Tivd dir avTMV 6po<^ov, 09 ovTco ^v/iiPe/3\t]Tac vvv, ft)9 /ji)]Te veaOau TO lepov /jh'jt' dve/jb(p eairvelaOai,, Bpeirava Be Kal apptyoL Kal \rjvol Kal tcl dfKpl \')]vov<i avdKeiTat

134


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

m3^self against you ; for neither do I wish to dissuade chap. you from drinking, nor these companions of ours ^^^ either ; nay, I would allow you also to eat meat ; for the abstinence from these things has, I perceive, profited you nothing, though it has profited me in the philosophic profession which I have made from boyhood." The companions of Damis welcomed this speech and took to their good cheer with a will, thinking that they would find the journey easier if they lived rather better.


VIII

Thev crossed the river Coplien, themselves in chap. boats, but the camels by a ford on foot ; for the ^^^^ river has not yet reached its full size here. They ^^ioJwsus were now in a continent subject to the king, in which on the the mountain of Nysa rises covered to its very top o^Nysa"^ with plantations, like the mountain of Tmolus in Lydia ; and you can ascend it, because paths have been made by the cultivators. They say then that when they had ascended it, they found the shrine of Dionysus, which it is said Dionysus founded in honour of himself, planting round it a circle of laurel trees which encloses just as much ground as suffices to contain a moderate sized temple. He also sur- rounded the laurels with a border of ivy and vines ; and he had set up inside an image of himself, knowing that in time the trees would grow together and make themselves into a kind of roof; and this had now formed itself, so that neither rain can wet nor wind blow upon the shrine. And there were scythes and baskets and wine-presses and their

135


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. TW Acovuao) -^^pvaa koX ap'^vpa Kadairep TpvytavTi. TO he ayakixa eiKaaTai puev icprj^M 'Ii^Bo), XlOou Se e^earat \evKov. opyid^ovTo^; Be avrov koI cre/oyro? Tr)v Nvaav, aKovovaiv at 7r6\€i<; at viro Tw opeL fcal ^vve^aipovTai.


IX

CAP. Afa(f)epovrat Be irepl rov Acovvcrov tovtou Ka\ ' }^Wr)ve(; 'Iz/^oi? Kal ^ivBol aW^Xoi*;' r/yu-et? jbiev yap rov %^]j3alov iir IvBov'^ eXdaai (fyapev o-Tparevovrd re Kal /3aK')(^evovTa TeK/jLr)pLoi<; XP^*^' jjievoi Tot9 T6 aWoL^ Kal tco YlvOol dvaOrjfjLaTi,

Br) ciTToOeTOV 01 eKel Orjaavpol laxpvaiv ecrrc Be dpjvpov ^IvBcKov Bl(tko<^, a> iTrtyeypaTrrar AIONTSOS O XEMEAHS KM AI02 AFIO INAON AnOAAriNI AEA^HI. 'IvB^v Be

01 irepl J^avKaaov Kal Kcocfyfjva Trora/jiov i7r7]\vTi]v

  • A(Tcrvptov auTov (paaLv e\6elv ra rov Srj^alov

eioora' ol be rrjv ivoov re Kai Idpaoorov pbearjv ve/jLG/uLevoi Kal rrjv fiera ravra r^iretpov, rj Br) 69 TTora/jLOV rdyyr)v reXevra, Atovvaov yeveaOat TTora/iov iralBa ^\vBov Xeyovacv, m (poLTijaavra rov eK ^7)/3(i)V eKGLVov, Ovpaov re d'\lracrOai, Kal Bovvai 6pyi0L<^, elirovTa Be, o)? eci] A^o9 Kal tQ> tov 7raT/309 epL^icpj) pir)pa) tokov eveKa, l^[r)p6p re evpeaOac Trap' avrov opo<;, m rrpoa/SeffijKev ?; Nvaa, Kal rr)v ^vaav rS) Atovvaro eKCpvrevaai dirdyovra 136


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

furniture dedicated to Dionysus^ as if to one who chap. gathers grapes, all made of gold and silver. And the ^^^^ image resembled a youthful Indian, and was carved out of polished white stone. And when Dionysus celebrates his orgies and shakes Nysa, the cities underneath the mountain hear the noise and exult in sympathy.

IX

Now the Hellenes disagree with the Indians, and chap.

T Y"

the Indians among themselves, concerning this ,. ^ Dionysus. For we declare that the Theban Dimu^sus Dionysus made an expedition to India in the role *^ ^^'^^* both of soldier and of reveller, and we base our arguments, among other things, on the offering at Delphi, which is preserved in the treasuries there. And it is a disc of Indian silver bearing tlie inscription : '■' Dionysus the son of Semele and of Zeus, from the His offering men of India to the Apollo of Delphi." But the " ^^ ^ Indians who dwell in the Caucasus and along the river Cophen say that he was an Assyrian visitor when he came to them, who understood the affairs of the Theban. But those who inhabit the district between the Indus and the Hydraotes and the continental region beyond, which ends at the river Ganges, declare that Dionysus was son of the river Indian Indus, and that the Dionj'sus of Thebes having become Dumysus his disci])le took to the thyrsus and introduced it in the orgies; that this Dionysus declared that he was the son of Zeus and had lived safe inside his father's thigh until he was born, and that he found a mountain called Merus or "Thigh" on whicii Nysa borders, and planted Xysa in honour of Dionysus with

137


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. eK ^tjISmv to <yovv t>}9 afjuireXoVy ov koI ^ AXe^av- hpo<i op'^iaaai. ol Be rrjv l^vcrav oI/covvt€<; ov (paai, Tov ^AXe^avSpov aveXOelv e? to opo'^, aX\! op/jLTJaai p^ev, iireihr) <^LXoTip.o<; re r)v kol dp'^aio- Xoyla^; tjttcov, Belaavra Se p,rj 69 ap^ireXov^i irapeX- 6ovTe^ ol IsllaKehove^ , a? '^povov tjBtj out^ ecopafceaav, 69 iroOov t6)v oIkol aireveydoyaiv, rj iinOvp^iav riva olvov avaXd^cvcnv eWiap^evoL i^Brj tw vBari, irape- Xdaat rr)v ^vcrav, ev^dp^evov tm Alovv(tw kol OvcravTa ev rf] vTrcopeia. /cal ytyvcoaKco p^ev ovk €<; X^P^^ ravra ivloL^ ypd(f)cov, eVetS^ ol ^vv ^AXe^dvBpo) (JTpaT€V(TavT€<^ ovhe ravra i<; rb dXrjOe^; dveypayjrav, See Be dX7)6eia<; ep^ol yovv, rjv el KaKelvoL irrrjveaav, ovk dv dcpeiXovro Kal rovBe rov eyKwpbiov rov ^KXe^avBpov rov yap dveXOelv e'9 TO O/0O9 Kal ^aK^evaai avrov, a eKelvoL Xeyovat, pbelt,ov, olpiai, rb virep Kaprepia^ rov arparov p,7jBe dvapr]vai.


X

CAP. Trjv Be "Aopvov rrer pav ov iroXv direxovcrav rrj^


X


Nu<T7^9 IBelv p,ev ov (^rjaiv Adp,t<;, ev eK^oXfj yap Keladat t^9 oBov Kal BeBieuat rbv 'r)yep,6va eKrpe- Treadal rrot rrapd rb evOv, dKOvo-at Be, ft)9 dXcoro's piev WXe^dvBpcp yevoiro, ' Aopvo<^ Be ovopd^oiro ovk eTrecBi] ardBia irevreKaiBeKa dvearyjKe, irerovrat

138


LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK II

the vine of which he had brought the suckers from chap. Thebes; and that it was there that Alexander held his ^^ orgies. But the inhabitants Oi Nysa deny that Alex- never" ander ever went up the mountain, although he was ascended to eager to do so, being an ambitious person and fond of old-world things ; but he was afraid lest his Mace- donians, if they got among vines, which they had not seen for a long time, would fall into a fit of home- sickness or recover their taste for wine, after they had already become accustomed to water only. So they say he passed by Nysa, making his vow to Dionysus, and sacrificing at the foot of the mountain. Well I know that some people will take amiss what I write, because the companions of Alexander on his cam- paigns did not write down the truth in reporting this, but I at any rate insist upon the truth, and hold that, if they had respected it more, they would never have deprived Alexander of the praise due to him in this matter ; for, in my opinion it was a greater thing that he never went u}), in order to maintain the sobriety of his army, than that he should have ascended the mountain and have himself held a revel there, which is what they tell you.


Damis says that he did not see the rock called the chap. " Birdless " (^Aorniis), which is not far distant from Nysa, because this lay off their road, and their guide Aornv.s feared to diverge from the direct path. But he says he heard that it had been captured by Alexander, and was called "Birdless," not because it rises 9,000 feet, for the sacred birds fly higher than that ;


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. V \f\ r. r t \v /) 'a'v J'*

X yap Kai virep tovto oi lepot opvttfe^, aW ev Kopvcpfj Trj<; irerpas prjyfia elvai (paai rov^ vTrepTrero/jievov^; TMV 6pvl6(ov ijnaTrciJjjievov, 009 ^AOr'jvrjal, re Ihelv icTTiv ev TrpoSo/jLO) tov YiapOevowo<; koI iroKXa^ov ri}? ^pvycop koX Avhoiv 77}?, y<j) ov rrjv irerpav "Aopvov /ce/cXijaOal re kol eivai.

XI

XI tj\avvovT€<; oe eiri tov Lvoov TratoL evTvy^avovat rptaKaiSe/cd ttov err) yeyovoTi, iir iXecpavrof; o^ov- ixev(p KOL iraiovTi to Orjpiov. iirel 8e iOavp^aaav opMVTe<^ TL epyov, ecpr], co Hafjn, ayauov i7riT€0t)<;;

Tt o aWo ye, enrev, f) i^rjcravTa eiri tov lttttov cipj^eLV Te avTOv koX tw '^aXtvo) aTpecpetv koX /coXd- ^ecv oLTaKTOvvTa, kol irpoopav, &>? pir] e? ^oOpov rj Tcicppov rj ')(^dapa KaTeve^Oeir] Itttto^;, ore ye Sc* eXof? rj TrrjXov '^^copoirj; " " ciXXo 8e ovhev, w Ad/jLC, aTrauTriaopiev, ecpT], tov ayauov iinrea; vr] Z\t, elire, " to Te dvaTrrjScovTC puev tm iTTTTO) 7r/909 to aifiov e(j)€Lvac TOV ')(^aXtv6v, KaTa Trpavov<; Se lovtl ol pbrj ^vy^copelv, cOCs! dvOeXKeiv, koI to KaTayjrfjaat 8e tcl MTa rj Tr)v ')(aiTrjv, Kal pbrj del rj pidaTL^ (TO(f)ou epLOiye So/cet LiT7reo)(;, Kal eiraivoirjv dv tov wSe o'^ovpievov.^^ " Tw 8e St] pua'^ipLM Te /cal TroXepLtaTrjpLqy tlvcov ^et;" " Tcbv ye avTWvj'^ ecjirj, " o) AiroXXcovce, Kai 7rpo<; ye TovToi<^ TOV ^dXXecv Te Kal (pvXaTTeaO ai, Kai to eire- Xdaai he Kal to direXdaai, Kal to dveiXrjaai TroXe- piiov^, Kal pL7] idv eKirXrjTTeaOai tov nnrov, OTe 140


LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK II

but because on the summit of the rock there is^ they chap. say, a cleft which draws into itself the birds which ^ fly over it, as we may see at Athens also in the vestibule of the Parthenon, and in several places in Phrygia and Lydia. And this is the reason why the rock was called and actually is .Birdless."


XI

And as they made their way to the Indus they met chap. a boy of about thirteen years old mounted on an ^^ elephant and striking the animal. And when they S'mahouts wondered at the sight, Apollonius said : Damis, and what is the business of a good horseman ? " " Why, hitemgeuce what else," he rejilied, '^ than to sit firm upon the horse, and control it, and turn it with the bit, and punish it when it is unruly^ and to take care that the horse does not plunge into a chasm or a ditch or a hole, especially when he is passing over a marsh or a clay bog?" ^'^And shall we require nothing else, O Damis, of a good horseman?" said Apollonius. '■' Why, yes," he said, •• when the horse is galloping up a hill he must slacken the bit ; and when he is going down hill he must not let the horse have his way, but hold him in ; and he must caress his ears and mane ; and in my opinion a clever rider never uses a whip, and I should commend any one w^ho rode in this way." "And what is needful for a soldier who rides a charger ? " " The same things," he said, " O Apollonius, and in addition the ability to inflict and parry blows and to pursue and to retire, and to crowd the enemies together, without letting his horse be friglitened by the rattling of

141


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. Bov7r7](T€L6P atTTrl? i) aarpdy^eiav al KopvOe^;, rj TracauL^ovTcov re koX aXoKa^ovTwv ^or) yevocro, (ro(f)La, ol/jiac, LTTTn/cfj Trpocr/ceLTai. " tovtov ovv^^ 6(f)7], " TOP eirl Tov eXe(^avTo<i iinrea tl (^rjaei^; " " TToXXft)," e(f)r), " ^avfiaaccorepov, 'ATroXXcovce, to yap Orjpio) TqXiKOVTM iTrcrerd'^OaL rr/XiKovBe ovra, teal evOvveiv avro KcCkavpoiTiy r]v 6pa<; avrov i/jL^a\6vTa TW eke^avn, cocnrep ajKvpav, koI fMTJre rrjv oyjnu tov drfpiov SeSUvac fiijTe to £;i^09 fiiJTe TTjV pa)/jL7]v ToaavTTjv ovcraVy SatfiovLOP e/juocye SoKel, Kol ovh" av eiricFTevcra, fia ttjp ^AOr)vdv, el eTepov rjKovcra. tl ovv, ecpj], ei aTTOooat/at rt? 'r]/jLLv

TOP TralSa /SovXolto, odprjarj avTou, c5 Adfn; " " pt] At ,' eiire, *' tmp ye efjuavTov irdpTcop. to yap o)(Tirep aKpoTToXiP KaTeiXrjcpoTa heairo^eiP 6r)piov [xeyiaTOV o)p r) yrj fBodKei, eXev6epa<^ e/xoLye SoKel (f>vaecL)(; /cat Xafiirpd^ elpai.^ " tl ovp XPV^V "^V iraiOi, e(p7], ei /x?) KaL top eXe(paPTa coprjcrr); tjj T€ oiKta,^^ ecf)7], " einaTrjaay Tjj ifiavTOv kol toI<; olfceTaLf; koI ttoXXw /SeXTiop tovtcop t) iyco dp^ei. av be ou% iKapo<;, ecprj, tcop aeavTOV ap')(€Lp; " OP 76," elire, " Kal av Tpoirop, co ATroXXcopce' KaTaXiTTcop yap Tafia Trepiei/jLC, coawep av, cpiXofia- U(jdP /cat TrepicppoPMP ra ep ttj ^eprj. et oe or)

Trplaio TOP iralha, Kal lttttco aoi yepoiadrjp fiep djXLXXrjTrjpLO^i, he iroXefJUiKO'^, dpaOrjarj avTOP, co AdfjLC, eirl T0U9 Xttttov'^;^ " iwl fxep top d/jLtXXrjTr}- piop,^' elirep, " tcrft)9 dp, eVei^^ kuI eTepov; opco, top

142


LIFE OF APOLLO NIUS, BOOK 11

sliields or the flashing of the hehnets^ or by the noise chai' made when the men raise their war-cry and give a ^^ whooj) ; this, I think all belongs to good horseman- ship." "What then Avill you say of this boy who is riding on the elephant?" "He is much more wonderful, Apollonius. For it seems to me a super- human feat for such a tiny mite to manage so huge an animal and guide it with the crook, which you see him digging into the elephant like an anchor, without fearing eitlier the look of the brute or its height, or its enormous strength ; and I would not have believed it possible, I swear by Athene, if I had heard another telling it, and had not seen it." " Well then," said Apollonius, "if anyone wanted to sell us this boy, would you buy him, Damis ? "Yes, by Zeus," he said, "and I would give everything I have to possess him For it seems to me the mark of a ^ liberal and splendid nature, to be able to capture like a citadel the greatest animal which earth sustains, and then govern it as its master." "What then would you do with the boy," said the other, "' unless you bought the elephant as well ? " "I would set him," said Damis, " to preside over my household and over my servants, and he would rule them much better than I can." " And are you not able," said Apollonius, "to rule your own servants.^" "'About as able to do so," replied Damis, " as you are yourself, Apollonius. For I have abandoned my property, and am going about, like yourself, eager to learn and to investigate things in foreign countries." "But if you did actually buy the boy, and if you had two horses, one of them a racer, and the other a charger, would you put him, O Damis, on these horses }" "I would perhaps," he answered, " upon

143


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. Be /uLCl'^l/jiOV T€ KOI QlfKlT eVOVT a TTM^ uv dvaj3aivoL

OUT09; oi)T€ '^/ap acTTTiSa hvvair av (^epeiv, rjs Sec

rot's iTTTrevovaiv, out av OaypaKa i) fcpdvo<;, al')(^/jL7]v

Be TTw? ovro^, 0? ovBe drpaKTOV ySeXof? r? ro^ev-

fjuiTO<; /cpaSauvoL av, -ylreWi^o/jieva) e? ra TroXefiiKa

601/cco^ €tl; erepov ovv tl, ecprj, co /Safii, eanv,

b Tov 6\€(f)avTa tovtov r^vio^el koX irepbTTei, Kal ov"^

o rjvio^O'^ ouTO?, ov av /xovov ov irpoaKvveL^ vtto

6av/jLaT0<;. tov Be eLTrovrof; ** tl av elrj tovto,

AttoWcovlc; opco yap iirl tov Orjpiov ttXtjv tov Trai- ls >0\r/ "tf^/1 ">/l ,i r^ > /

009 ovoev erepov. to UTjpiov, ecprj, tovto evTrai- BevTov Te irapd irdvTa eaTi, KciTrecBdv dira^ dvayKaaOfj viro dvOpcoTro) ^tjv, dve^erai tcl i/c tov dvOpaoTTOV TrdvTa Kal o/xorjOeLav eTrcTrjBevec Tr}v 7r/309 avTOV, ')(aipei Te acTov/Mevov diro t>}9 yeipo'^, Mdirep ol fJLLKpol TO)v Kvvayv, irpocrtovTa Te tfj TTpovo/jiala aLKoXXei Kal Tr)V Ke<paXr]v 69 ttjv (pdpvyya eacoOovvTa dveyeTai Kal Ke')(7]vev e(^^ oaov T(p dvOpcoTTO) BoKel, Kaddirep ev toI<; vo/judatv ecopcofiev. vvKTcop Be XeyeTai ttjv BovXeiav oXo^v- peaOai., jjbd AC, ov TeTptyo^, oirolov etcoOev, dXX olKTpov Te Kal eXeeivov dvaKXdov, el Be av6pco7ro<i eTnaTauT) oBvpo/jievo) Tavra, tcr^e^ tov Oprjvov eXe- <^a9, coairep alBovfievo^. 0.1)709 Br^ eavTOV, w Adjxi, ap-^ei Kal 1) ireiOcb avTov tj t7}9 <^vaew<; ayei jxaXXov t) 6 e7riKeL/jiev6<; Te Kal direvOvvcovy


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LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

the racer^ for I see others doiiiir the same, but hoAv chap. could he ever mount a war-horse accustomed to carry ^^ armour ? For he could not either carry a shield, as knights must do ; or wear a breast-})late or helmet ; and how" could he wield a javelin^ when he cannot use the shaft of a bolt or of an arrow, but he would in military matters be like a stammerer." "Then/' said the other, "there is, Damis, something else which controls and guides this elephant, and not the driver alone, whom you admire almost to the point of worshipping." Damis replied : " What can that be, Apollonius ? For I see nothing else upon the animal except the boy," " This animal," he answered, " is docile beyond all others ; and when he has once been broken in to serve man, he will put up with anything at the hands of man, and he makes it his business to be tractable and obedient to him, and he loves to eat out of his hands, in the way little dogs do ; and when his master approaches he fondles him with his trunk, and he will allow him to thrust his head into his jaws, and he holds them as wide open as his master likes, as we have seen among the nomads. But of a night the elephant is said to lament his state of slavery, yes, by heaven, not by trumpeting in his ordinary way, but by wailing mournfully and piteously. And if a man comes upon him when he is lamenting in this way, the elephant stops his dirge at once as if he were ashamed. Such control, O Damis, has he over himself, and it is his instinctive obedience which actuates him rather than the man who sits upon him and directs him."


145

VOL. I. L


XII


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

XII

CAR 'EttI 8e Tov 'IvSov i\66uTe<; a^ekr^v iXecpdvToyp ISelv (paaL TrepatoL'/xeVou? tov irorafioVy koI rdSe ciKovaau irepl tov Orjpiov &)9 ol fiev qvtmv eXecoc, at B' av opeioiy koI TpiTOv TjSr) yevo<; ireSivol elatv, oXldKOVTai T6 e? t7)i^ tmv iroXefxiKOiv %/)etar. fxdxovTai jdp Brj iTrea/cevao-fiivoc irvpyovi: oXov<^ KUTCL Sefca Kol irevTeKaiheKa o/jlov tmv 'IvhSiv Si^aadat, a(/)' mv TO^evovaL re koL aKOVTi^ovatv ol 'IvSoi, KaSdirep e'/c itvXmv l3dWovT€<;. Koi avTO he to dr^plov X^t/Da ttjv irpovofiaiav i^yelTaL, Kol XP^TOi avTrj 69 TO aKOVTL^ecv. oaov he Ittttov Nio-atou ixei^oov 6 At(3vK0(; eXe<f>a<;, ToaovTov tmv ifc AtySuT;? ol 'Ivhol jjuei^ov^;. irepl Be ifXiKia^ tov fcoou KoX ft)? fiaKpo^LCOTaTOL, etpriTat fiev kol eTepoL^, evTV')(elv he kol ovtol (paacp eXe^avTi irepl Td^ika /xeyiaTrjv tmv ev 'lvhol<; ttoXlv, ov /jLVpL^etv Te ol einj(oipiOi koI TaivLOVv elvat jdp hr) TMV irpo^ \\Xe\avhpov virep Uoopov fie/LLaxV- IxeiMV eh ovTO^, ov, iirethr] irpoOv^iw^ ifiefidxVTO, dvTjKev 6 'AXe^avhpo<; tw 'HXiod. ehat he avTW Kol XP^^^^ eXiica^ irepl rot? etV ohovaiv ehe Kepaai, kol ypd/ji/jLaTaiTr' avTO)v 'EXXrjvLKa XeyovTa AAEHANAP02 O AIOS TON AIANTA TM HAini. 6vo/jLa yap tovto tw eXecpavTC eOeTO, fjueydXov d^icoa-a^ /Mjav. ^vve^dXovTO he ol e-mydipiOL TrevTiJKOVTa elvat Kal TpiaKoaia €Trj fieTCi TTjv fid^V^y ovTTO) XeyovTe<i Kal oiroa a yey ovco^ efid^^TO. 146


LIFE OF APOLLOXILS. BOOK II


XII

And when they caiiie to the Iiidus^ the}' saw a chap. herd of elephants crossing the river, and they say j5^gej.g,^t; that they heard this account of the animals. Some breeds of them are marsli elephants, others again mountain "^' ^®P^'^" " elephants, and there is also a third kind which belongs to the plain ; and they are captured for use in war. For indeed they go into battle saddled with towers Elephants big enough to accommodate ten or fifteen Indians '""^ "^ ^^^ all at once ; and from these towers the Indians shoot their bows and hurl their javelins, just as if they were taking aim from gate towers. And the animal itself regards his trunk as a hand, and uses it to hurl weapons. And the Indian elephants are as much bigger than those of Libya, as these are bigger tlian the horses of Nisa. And other authorities have dwelt on the age of the animals, and say that they are very long-lived ; but our party too say that they came The on an elephant near Taxila, the greatest city in India, porill^"t ^ ^ who was anointed with myrrh by the natives and Taxiia adorned with fillets. For, they said, tliis elephant was one of those who fought on the side of Porus against Alexander ; and, as it had made a brave fight, Alexander dedicated it to the Sun. And it had, they say, gold rings around its tusks or horns, whichever you call them, and an inscription was on them written in Greek, as follows : Alexander the son of Zeus dedicates Ajax to the wSun." For he had given this name to the elephant, thinking so great an animal deserved a great name. And the natives reckoned that 350 years had elapsed since the battle, without taking into account how old the elephant was when he went into battle.

147 L 2


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


XIII


CAP. 'loySa? Se, 09 ripPe irore rod AiBvkov eOvov;, (prjal fiev ^vfiTreaelv ciWrj\oL<; eir iXecpavTCOv TTokai Al^vkov<; lirTrea^ — elvai, 8e Tot9 ^ev TTvp'yov 69 TO 1)9 oSovra^; Ke^apay/juevov, rol^ Se ovhev — vvKTo^ he iTriXa^ovarj^ ttjv fid-^yv r^rrrj- Ofjvai fjuev TOL'9 iTTKTrjfiov^ (jirjcrl, (f)vy€tv Se 69 top "ArXavra to 6po<;, avTo^ Se eXelv TeTpaKoaicov fjLTQKeL €T(ov vaT€pov Tcov Bia(f)vy6vTcov eva fcal TovTrlarj/jLov eU'at avTW koTKov koI ovttco irepLTe-

TpifJUpuevOV VTTO TOV ')(^p6v0V. OUTO9 'l6/3a(i TOL'9

oSovTa^; K€paTa rjyetTaL tw (pveaOai fiev avToi)^ oOev irep ol Kp6Ta<^oi, irapadijyecrOaL Se fjbrjhevl 6Tep(i), jjbeveiv 8^ ox; ecjjvaav koI fxr), oirep ol 6B6vt6<;, eKTriTTTeiv cIt avacfyveaOar eyco S ov TrpocrSi^o/jLac TOV \6yov' KepaTCi t€ yap el /jltj TrdvTa, to, ye twv i\d(f)(ov eKTrLTTTei koI dvac^veTaiy 6h6vTe<^ he ol fiev TMV dvOpcoTTcov eKTreaovvTaL fcal dvac^vaovraL 7rdvTe<=;, ^cocov 8' av ovSevl eTepw 'yavXiohov'^ r) KVv6Bov<; auT0yu,aTa)9 eKireaoL, ovS^ av eiraveXdoL eKirecroov, ottXov yap evefca y (fyvcFL^; e/jL/Si^d^et avTOv<^ e<=; tcl^; yevv^. Kai dWa)<; Ta /cepaTa ypa/ji/jir]v diroTopvevei fcv/cXo) 7rpo<i Trj pi^r) KaT eviavTQv eKaarov, o)<; aiye<; Te hrjXovcn /cat ttol- fjbvai fcal /9o69, 68ov<; Be Xet09 eK(j)veTaL /cal rjv pLVj irrjpdicrr) tl avTov, ToioaBe del fievei, yL66T6^6t yap TTj^ \idct}Bov<; v\r]<i Te Kal ovoia<i. /cal /jLjjv Kal TO Kepaacpopelv irepl Ta Bl'^rjXa tcov ^cocov fiova

148


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II


XIII

And Juba^ who was once sovereign of the Libyan chap. race^ says that formerly the knights of Libya fought jj^^^o^ the with one another on elephants^ and one division of age of these had a tower engraved uj)on their tusks^ but the *' ®p^*" ^ others nothing. x\nd when night interrupted the fray the animals Avhich were so marked had^ he says, got the worst of it^ and fled into Mount Atlas ; but he himself 400 years afterwards caught one of the fugitives and found the cavit}' of the stamp still fresh on the tusk and not yet worn awa}^ by time. This Juba is of opinion that the tusks are horns, because ^nd on the they grow just where the temples are, and because the[r^tu^sks^ they need no sharpening of any kind, and remain as they grew and do not, like teeth, fall out and then grow afresh. But I cannot accept this view ; for horns, if not all, at any rate those of stags, do fall out and grow afresh, but the teeth, although in the case of men those which may fall out, will in every case grow again, on the other hand there is not a single animal whose tusk or dog-tooth falls out naturally, nor in which, when it has fallen out, it will come again. For nature implants these tusks in their jaws for the sake of defence. And moreover, a circular ridge is formed year by year at the base of the horns, as we see in the case of goats and sheep and oxen ; but a tusk grows out quite smooth, and unless something breaks it, it always remains so, for it consists of a material and sub- stance as hard as stone. Moreover the carrying of horns is confined to animals Avith cloven hoofs, but this animal has five nails and the sole

149


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. 6<TT7)Ke, TO 8e ^<pOV TOVTO TTeVTOiyVV^OV KOt TToXv-

(r')(^iS6<; TTjv /BctaLV, rj 8ia to fir) i(T^i'y')(6ai '^rfkal^ coaTrep ev vypw earrjKe. Kai toI<; fiev Kepao-cf)6poL<; aTracnv vTTo/SdWovcra i] (J)V(tl<; oara aTipayyooSt] Trepccpvet to Kepa^; e^wOev, to Se tmv iXecpdvTCOv 7r\rjp€<i diTO(^aivei koI ofiotov, dvaiTTv^avTL he (Tvpiy^ avTO XeTTTr/ hiepirec ixeaov, cocnrep tou? 6h6vTa<i' elal he ol fxev tmv eXeiwv ohovTC^ TreXthvol Kol fiavol ixeTa')(eipio-a(j6ai re oltottol, iroWa')(^ov 'yap avTOiV VTTohehu/caaL arjpayye^;, iroWa')(pv he dv€(TTd(7L 'y^aXa^GL /jLT] ^vy^wpovaat ttj Te')(yrj, ol he TMV opelcov /xetou? fiev t) outol, XevKol he iKavM^ Kol hvaepyov irepl avTOV^; ovhev, dptaTOL he 01 TMV irehiVMv 6hovT€<;, fJueyiaTOi re yap /cal XevKOTaTOL fcal dvaiTTv^ai rjhel^; Kal yiyvovTac Trav 6 TL OeXei 7) %6t/3. el he /cal r)6r] eXecpdvTMV 'X^prj dvaypd(f)eLV, rof? /xev eK tmv cXmv d\L(7/cofievov<; dvo7]TOvs rjyovvTai Kal kov^ov; 'Ivhol, tov^; he €k tmv opMV KaKorj6ei<^ re Kal iTn/SovXevTa^;, Kal rjv /JUT) heMVTai tlvo<;, ov jBejBaiov; rot? dvOpMiroi^;, ol irehivol he ^prjaToi re elvai XeyovTai Kal evdyMyoi Kal /jbL/jL7]a€M(; ipaaTar ypdcpovac yovv val 6p')(ovvTat Kal irapevaaXevovai 7rpo<; avXbv Kal TrrjhMaiv uTrb r?}? 7^9 eKelvoL.


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LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

of his foot has many furrows in it, and not being chap. confined by hoofs^ it seems to stand on a soft, ^^^^ flabby foot. And in the case of all animals that have horns, nature supplies cavernous bones and causes the horn to grow from outwards, whereas she makes the elephant tusk full and equally massive through- out ; and when in the lathe you lay bare the interior, you find a very thin tube piercing the centre of it, as is the case with teeth. Now the tusks of the marsh elephants are dark in colour and porous and difficult to work, because they are hollowed out into many cavities, and often knots are formed in them which oppose difficulties to the craftsman's tool ; but the tusks of the mountain kind, though smaller than these, are very white and there is nothing about them difficult to work ; but best of all are the tusks of the elephants of the plain, for these are very large and very white and so pleasant to turn and carve that the hand can shape them into whatever it likes.

If I may also describe the characters of these elephants ; those which come from the marshes, and are taken there, are considered to be stupid and idle by the Indians ; but those which come from the mountains they regard as wicked and treacherous and, unless they want something, not to be relied upon by man ; but the elephants of the plain are said to be good and tractable, and fond of learning tricks ; for they will write and dance, and will sway them- selves to and fro and leap uj) and down from the ground to the sound of the flute.


151


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XIV


CAP. ^I^ODV Se Tou? iXecbavraf; 6 ^ AiroWcovLOf; rov ^\vhov 7repawvjjLevov<i, rjaav Se, olfxai, TpiaKOvra, /cat ')(^p(OfjL€VOV<i riye/jLovc T(p (T/jLLfcpordra) a^MV, kol Tovf; jji€i^ov<; avrcov dv€i\r](f)OTa<; tov<; avrcov ttco- Xov<; iirl ra? rayv oBovtmv 7rpo^oXa<; rd"; re 7rpovofxaia<; eVe^'ef %0Ta9 Sea/jLov eve/ca " ravra jxev,^' e(p7j, " 0) A.d/jiL, ovSe iTnTdrrovTOf; ovSevo'^ avTolf; d(p^ eaurcov ovrot, Slcl ^vveaiv re koX aocpiav TTpaTTOVcTL, Kol opa<;, &)9 7rapa7r\7]aico(; toi<; (tk€V- a'yco'yovaiv dv€iXr)(f)aai tov<=; iraiXov^ /cal Kara- Brjadfj^evoi avrovf; dyovaiv ; " *' opcbj" ^(prj, ** o)

^ATToWcOVie, ft)9 (70CJ)(t)<i T€ aVTO KOl ^VV€TCd<; TTpdr-

Tovai. TL ovv fBovXerat rb evrjde^ i/cecvo (ppov TL(T/jba TOLs ep€(T')(e\ovai (f)vaLfcr)v rj fir) rrjv 7rpo<i rd T€Kva elvai evvocav ; rovrl yap Kal ikicpavre*; 7)^7] /Socoaiv, ci)9 Trapa t>'}9 (pvaecof; avTol<^ rjKei' ov yap St] Trapa dv6 paoirwv ye p.efJbaOrjKaaiv avTO, oyairep rd dWa, oi ye fjLTjSe ^vfi^e^KOfcaai ttoj dvOpdnroi<;, aXXa (^vcrei KeKrrjfxevoi to (piXelv a ere/cov, irpofcy'jSovrai re avrcov Kal 7raiSorpo(Pov(Ti.." " Kal fir) TOL'9 iX€(pavra<; etiry^i, S) Ad/bii' rovro yap TO ^^ov Sevrepov dv6 payirov rdrroo Kara ^vveaiv re Kat l3ovXd<;, dWa rd'^ re dpKrov^ evOv/xovfjuat, fjidWov, C09 dypLGirarai Oiipiwv ovaai irdvO' virep rMV (TKVfivcov rrpdrrovcTL, rov^ re \vkov<;, (1)9 del TTpoaKetfievoi r(p dpird^eiv rj fiev OrfKeia cf)vXdrreL


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II


XIV


And Apollonius saw a herd, I think, of about thirty chap. elej)hants crossing over the River Indus, and they were following as their leader the smallest among eiophaiits " them; but the bigger ones had picked up their ^"^ t^^^ir young ones on their projecting tusks, where they held them fast by twining their trunks around them. Said Apollonius : " No one, O Damis, has instructed them to do this, but they act of their own instinctive wisdom and cleverness ; and you see how, like baggage-jwrters, they have picked up their young, and have them bound fast on, and so carry them along." " I see," he said, '^^ Apollonius, how cleverly and with what sagacity they do this. What then is the sense of the silly speculation indulged in by those who idly dispute whether the affection of animals for their young is natural or not, when these very elephants, by their conduct, proclaim that it is so, and that it comes to them by nature ? For they have certainly not learnt to do so from men, as they have other things ; for these have never yet shared the life of men, but have been endowed by nature with their love of their offspring, and that is why they provide for them and feed their young." "And," said Apollonius, '^'^ you need not, Damis, Apollonius confine your remarks to elephants ; for this animal is j'ove iiTaif^ only second to man, in my opinion, in understanding animals and foresight ; but I am thinking rather of bears, for they are the fiercest of all animals, and yet they will do anything for their whelps; and also of wolves, among which, although they are so addicted to plunder, yet the female protects its young ones, and

153


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. a ereKev, o Se apprjv virep acorijpia^; tmv aKvXd- fccov (iTrdyeL avrrj acrov, rd^; re TraphdXet^ waav- TCt)9, at Bed Oep/jLOTTjra yaipovai tm yuypeaOat firjrepe^i, Beairo^etv yap Br) rore ^ovXovrat tow dppevcov Kal rod oi/cov dp^^eiv, ol Be dve^ovrai. to i^ avTOiv irdv rjTrdy/jLevoL rod tokov. Xeyerai Be ris Kal irepl tmv XeatVMv \6yos, co? epaard^; jjuev iroi- ovvrat Tou? TrapBdXeL^; Kal Be^ovrat avrovf; eirl Ta9 evvd(; tmv Xeovroiv e? rd ireBla, t?}? Be ya(JTpo<^ copav dyovcr7]<^ dvacpevyovaiv eV ra oprj koI ra rwv irapBdXewv ^^Orj, (jjiKTd ydp tlktovglv, odev KpvTTTOvaLV avrd Kal drjXd^ovcriv iv aKoXial<; X6')(fjiaL<^ TrXacrd/jievac d(f)7]jjL€p6veiv irpo^ Orjpav. el ydp (pcopdaetav tovtI ol XeovTe<^, BiacnrayvTai tov<; (TKV/jbvov<; Kal ^aivovai Tr)V airopav ft)? voOov, eVeru^e? Brjirov Kal tmv 'Op.7]peio)v Xeovrcov evi, &)? virep TMV eavTOv aKVfivcov Betvov ^XeireL Kal p(DVvvaLV eavTov p.d')(^r)<; aTrreaOaL. Kal rrjv TiypLv Be ')(^aX€7rcoTdTrjv ovcrdv (paatv ev ryBe rfj x^^P^ Kal irepl rrjv OdXarrav ryv '^pvOpav eiTL ra? vav^ lecjOaL, TOL/9 aKv/jLvov^ diraLTOVcFav, Kai aitoXa- ^ovaav p^ev aTnevai •^acpovcrav, el Be diroirXevaaLev, odpvecrOai avrrju 7rpo<; tt) OaXdrry Kal dirodvrjCFKeLv euLore. rd Be tmv opviOcov rt? ovk olBev ; co? deTol p^ev Kal ireXapyol KaXid^; ovk dv Trrj^aivro p,rj irporepov avral^ evapp.6(TavTe<; pbev tov deTLTrjv XiOov, 6 Be tov Xv^vlttjv virep t)}? (6oyovia<; Kal tov pbrj ireXd^eiv (Tcpiai tov<; 6(J)€l<;. Kav ra ev ttj OaXaTTrj aKOTTcop^ev, tov<; p,€v BeXcplva^i

154


LIFE OF APOLLONILS, BOOK II

the male brings her food in order to save the life of the chap. whelps. And I also equally have in mind the panther^ ^^^ which, from the warmth of its temperament, delights to become a mother, for that is the time when it is determined to rule the male and be mistress of the household ; and the male puts up with anAi:hing and everything from her, subordinating everj-thing to the welfare of the offspring. And there is also told a story of the lioness, how she will make a lover of the panther and receive him in the lion's lair in the plain ; but when she is going to bring forth her young she flees into the mountains to the haunts of the panthers ; for she brings forth young ones that are spotted, and that is why she hides her young and nurses them in winding thickets, pretending that she is spending the day out hunting. For if the lion detected the trick, he would tear the M'helps in pieces and claw her offspring as illegitimate. You have read no doubt, also, of one of Homer's lions, and of how he made himself look terrible in behalf of his own whelps and steeled himself to do battle for them. And they say the tigress, although she is the cruellest animal in this country, will approach the ships on the Red Sea, to demand back her whelps ; and if she gets them back, she goes off mightily delighted ; but if the ships sail away, they say that she howls along the sea-coast and sometimes dies outright. And who does not know the ways of birds, how that the eagles and the cranes will not build their nests until thev have fixed in them, the one an eagle-stone, and the other a stone of light, to help the hatching out of the eggs and to drive away the snakes. And if we look at creatures in the sea, we need not wonder at the dolphins loving their

155


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. ovK av OavfidaaLfjuev, el ')(pr)aTol ovre^; (piXore- Kvovat, (pa\aLva<; Se fcal <p()i)fca<^ koI ra ^woroKa eOvrj 7rco9 ov Oav/jLaaG/jueOa, el (pco/cij fiev, y)v elBov iyo) ev Alyal'; KaOeipyfievyv e? /cvvrjyia, ovrw^ eTrevOrjaev airoOavovra rov a/cvfivop, ov ev ray oIkl(Tkm airefcvrjaep, cb? /jlt) TrpoaBe^aaOaL rpiMV rjfjLepcov alrov, KacroL ^opcoTdrr) OTjpicov ovaa, (j)dXaLva Se e? tou? yn^pafjiov^; t?}? ^apvyyof; dvaXa/ji/Sdvec tou? aKVjuivov<;, eirethdv (f)ev<yrj ri eavrfj^; jiel^ov ; koI e^^iSva M(j)07) vrore to?;? o(j)eL<;, 01)9 direreKe, Xiy^jioy ixevr] kol Oepairevovaa eKKec- fievr) rfi y\d)TTrj. fMrj yap Sex^/^^Oa, m AdfiL, rov evrjOif] \oyov, 009 djurJTope'; 01 tmv i'^iSvcov TLKTOvrai, tovtI yap ov8e rj ^vai,^ ^vyKe')(d>p7)Kev, ovre rj Tretyoa." vTroXafioov ovv 6 Aa//-i9 " ^vy^wpel^ ow," e(j)7], *' TOP ^vpLiTihriv eiraLvelv eVt tw lap^^eUo TOVTCp, (p 7reiroi7]Tat avrcp rj 'AvSpofid'^r) Xiyovaa

diracrt 8* dvOp(t)7roL<; dp r)v

  • ' ^yyX^P^y e^^> " o'0(j)M<; yap /cal haLjJboviw^

€Lpt]Tac, TToXXo) 8' dv (TO<pcoTepop /cal dXrjOiarepop el)(ev, el Trepl irdprcov ^wcov v/uLvrjToy " eoiKa^;,^' e^T], " ^AiroXXoovie, fxeraypdc^eiv to la/i/Selov, iv* ovT(o<; aSoifiev'

aTraai oe ^o)oi,<; ap ijv

Kal eTTOfiab aoi, jSeXriov ydp,^^

156


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

offspring, for they are su})erior creatures ; but sliall chap. we not admire the whales and seals and the viviparous ^^^ species? For I once saw a seal that was kept shut The tame up at Aegae in the circus, and she mourned so Aegae deeply for her whelp, which had died after being born in confinement, that slie refused food for three days together, although she is the most voracious of animals. And the whale takes up its young ones into the cavities of its throat, whenever it is fleeing from a creature bigger than itself. And a viper has been seen licking the serpents whicli it had borne, and caressing them with her tongue, which she shoots out for the purpose. But we need not entertain, Damis, the silly story that the young of vipers are brought into the world without mothers ; for that is a thing which is consistent neither with nature nor with experience."

Damis then resumed the conversation bv saving : " You Avill allow me then to praise Euripides, for this iambic line which he puts into the mouth of Andromache :

' And in the case of all men, then, their life lay in their children.' "

"I admit," said Apollonius, "that that is said cleverly and divinely; but much cleverer and truer would have been the verse, if it had included all animals." "^ Then you would like," said Damis, " O Apollonius, to rewrite the line so that we might sing it as follows :

' And in the case of all animals, then, their life lay in their children.'

and I agree with you, for it is better so."

157


FLAVILS PHILOSTRATUS


XV


CAP. ** AXX eKeli'o jjlol etVe* ovk iv ap-^f) tmp Xoycov e(pa/jL6v aocfiLav elvai irepl tol"? iXe<j)avTa<i /cat vovv irepl a Trpdrrovai ; " fcal etACOTco?," elirev, " w Ad/jLi, €(pafi€v, el jdp jxtj vov^ €fcv/3epva roBe to orfpiov, OUT av avro oLeyiyvero ovt av ra euvrj, ev ot9 yiyverai.'^ " tl ow," ecprj, " ovtco<; d/jLaOo)'^ kol ov irpo^ TO '^p7]aip,ov eai/rot? rrjv hid^acnv ttolovv- rat ; ^yecrat [xev ydp, &)9 opa^;, 6 /jbLKpoTarof;, eTrerai Be avrw Tt9 oXlyo) /lel^cov, etra virep tovtov erepo^;, koX ol jxeyiaTOt KaroirLv 7rdvTe<;. eBei, Be iTov Tov evavTLOv rpoTTOv. avTOv<; iropevecrdaL Kai TO 1/9 /jLeylarovf; Tei')(r} koI TrpofiX'^/jLara eavTcov TroieiaOat." " d\\\ w Aayu-i," 6^77, Trpcorov fiev v'TTO(^evyeLv eoiKacJL Btco^iv dvOpcoTrcov, ol<i irov /cal ivTev^ofxeOa eTTOixevoi^ tu> t^i^et, irpof; Be tol'9 i7rLK€i/jLevov<; Bel ra Kara vcorov ire^pd-^OaL fjbdXkov, ioaTrep iv T0t9 7roXe/j,ot^, koX tovto ra/criKcoTaTOv rjyov TMV OripLcov, eTreira r) Bid^aai^, el jxev irpoBie- (3aLvov ol p^kyiGTOL a(f)a)v, ovttco reK/jUiipecrOac irapel'^ov dv tov vBaTO<; el Bia/SijaovTaL irdvTe^;, Tot9 fJbev yap ev7rop6<; Te koX paBia 1) 7repaico(TL<; uyjr7]\oTdTOL<i ovat, toc<; Be )(^a\e7rt] Te koI a7ro/309, 158


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II


XV


" But tell me this : did we not, at the beginning chap. of our conversation, declare that the elephants dis- -^^ play wisdom and intelligence in what they do ? " ^JJ^^j^^^"^^' " Why certainly/' he replied, we did say so, Damis ; elephants for if intelligence did not govern this animal, neither pursued in would it subsist, nor the populations among which it "^jossing a lived." '^^ Why then," said Damis, '^' do they conduct tlieir passage over the river in a way so stupid and inconvenient to themselves ? For as you see, the smallest one is leading the way, and he is followed by a slightly larger one, then comes another still larger than he, and the biggest ones come last of all. But surely they ought to travel in the opposite fashion, and make the biggest ones a wall and ram})art in front of themselves." " But," replied Apollonius, " in the first place they appear to be running away from men who are pursuing them, and whom we shall doubtless come across, as they follow the animals' tracks ; and they must and ought to use their best strength to fortify their rear against attack, as is done in w^ar; so that you may regard the elephant as the best tactician to be found among animals. Secondly, as they are crossing a river, if their biggest ones went first, that would not enable the rest of the herd to judge whether the water is shallow enough for all to pass ; for the tallest ones would find the passage practicable and easy, but the others would find it dangerous and difficult, because they would not rise above the level of the stream. But the fact that the smallest is able to get across is a sign in itself to the rest that there is no difficulty. And

159


CAr.

XV


CAP. XVI


FLAVTUS PHILOSTRATUS

fXTj itTvepaipovai tov f)€v/jLaro>iy SieXOoiv Se o a/jbt/cpo-

TaT09 TO aXviTOV 1)^7] KoI T0t9 XoiTTOl'^ €pfjLr)V€V€L,

Kol aX-Xo)? OL fjbeu fiei^ov^; 7rpo€fi/3aiPOVTe^ koiXo- Tepov av TOV irorapAyv aiTO(^aivoiev toI^ a/jLL/cpol<;, avdyfC)] yap avvi^dveLV rrjv tkvv e? l36dpov<; 8td re jSapvnjra tov Oi^piov hid re Tra^vTrjTa twv ttoSmv, ol 8' eX«TT0L'9 ovSev av ^XdTTTOiev rr/i^ tmv fiGL^ovcov Siairopelav tJttov epL^oO pevovTe^^^


XVI

Eiyft) he evpov ev toI^ ^\6j3a \6yot<;, &)9 Kal ^vWa/Jb^dvovaiv aWijXoL^; iv tj} Orjpa Kal irpotaTavTai tov a7^e^7^o^'T09, kclv e^eXcovTat avTov, TO hd/cpvov T7]<; d\or)^ iiraXeic^ovai T0t9 Tpav/j-aac 7r€pL€aTMTe<; coaTrep laTpoi.^^ iroWd Totaina i<pL\o- o-ocj^eiTO avTOLf; d(f)opixd<i iroLovfievoc'; tcl \6yov d^ia.


XVII

CAP. fa he Neapp^w re Kal Hvdayopa irepl tov 'A/ce- (7 LVOV TTOTafiov elpTj/jieva, 0)9 ea^dWec jxev 69 tov ^Ivhov 0L'T09, Tpe(^et he 6cf)€L(; e^hofirjKovTa tttj'^cov /jLrJK0<i, TOcavTa elvai (f)acnv, oirola ecprjTai, Kal dvaKeia6(D /jlol 6 A-0709 69 tol'9 hpdKOVTa<i, mv Ad/jLC<; d<prjy€LTat ttjv Orjpav. d^LKOfxevou he eirl TOV ^Ivhbv Kal 7r/309 htaBdaei tov iroTapiov ovTe's TjpovTO TOV Jia/3v\covtov, et tl tov TTOTafjiov olhe, hiaPdaeo)f; irepi epa)Ta>i^T69, he ovtto) e^rj

160


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

moreover, if the bigger ones went in first, they would chap. deepen the river for the small ones, for the mud is ^^ forced to settle down into ruts and trenches, owing to the heaviness of the animal and the thickness of his feet ; whereas the larger ones are in no way preju- diced bythe smaller ones crossing in front, because they sink in less deeply."


XVI

" And I have read in the discourse of Juba that chap elephants assist one another when they are being ^^ ^ hunted, and that they will defend one that is exhausted, and if they can remove him out of danger, they anoint his wounds with the tears of the aloe tree, standing round him like physicians." Many such learned discussions were suggested to them as one occasion after another worth speaking of arose.


XVII

And the statements made by Nearchus and chap. Pythagoras, about the river Acesines, to the effect ^^^' that it debouches into the Indus, and that snakes live o?Kiug"^^ in it seventy cubits long, were, they say, fully verified Vardaues by them ; but I will defer what I have to say till I come to speak about dragons, of whose capture Damis gives an account. But when they reached the Indus and were inclined to pass over the river, they asked the Babylonian whether he knew an}i;hing of the river, and questioned him about how to get across it.

i6i

VOL. I. M


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAR Treifkevicevai avrov, ovBe ycyvcocrKeLv, oiroOev irKenai. tl ovv, ecpaaav, ovk e/jiccrucoao)

rjye/iiova ; '* " otl ecrriv,^^ e^y], " o r^yrjaofJievo^^,^^ fcal ajjia iSeiKW nva iTnaroXrjv 0)9 tovto irpd^ovaav, ore Bt) Kol TOP OvapSdvrjv Trj<; re (f)cXav6p(07ria<; KOI r7J<; eVtyu-eXeta? dyacrOrjvau (j^aac 7r/0O9 yap rov iirl Tov ^IvBov aarpdirr^v eTre/jiyjre Tr)v i'irLGro\r)v TavTr)v KaiToi fjur) vTrofceifJievov rfj eavrov dp-^fj, €V6py€(TLa<; dva/jLL/jivij(TKCi)i/ avrov, Koi X^P^^ /^^^ ov/c av iir eKeivr) dTrairrjaai (f)daKcov — ov yap elvai TTpo^ TOV eavrov rpoirov ro dvrairairelv — ^ AttoWcoviov Se VTroSe^afievq) kol Trifiyj/avrt 01 ^ovXerai X^P^^ ^^ yvoivai. p^/9f cr^oz^ he rw rjyeixovu eBco/cev, Xv el BerjOevra rov ^AttoWcovcov ataOoiro, hoiY) rovro /cat fjurj e? dWov %eZ/9a ^Xeyfreiev. en el Be rr}v iinaroXrjv 'Ii^8o? eXa(3e, fieydXcov re d^LOvaOai e<pr) Kal (pcXorL/jirjaeaOat rrepl rov dvBpa fietov ovBev rj el 6 ^aacXev<; rojv 'IvBcov virep avrov eypa^e, Kal rrjv re vavv rrjv aarpaTTiBa eBcofcev avro) efjifBrjvai irXold re erepa, icf)' 0)v al /cd/jLijXoi eKOfjLL^ovro, riyefiova re rrj<^ yrj<^ irdar)^, fjv 6 TBpacorr)<; opl^et, 7r/909 re rov ^aaiXea rov eavrov eypa'yjre (jlt) %et/Oft) avrov OvapBdvov yeveaOac irepl dvBpa "^XXr]vd re Kal delov.


162


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

But he said that he had never navigated it^ nor did chap. he know whence they could get a boat on to it. " Why ^^ ^^ then/' said they, '^^did you not hire a guide?" " Because/' he said, ^' I have one who will direct us." And with that, he showed them a letter, written to that effect, and this gave them occasion to marvel afresh at the humanity and foresight of Vardanes. For he had addressed the letter in question to the satrap of the Indus, although he was not subject to his dominion ; and in it he reminded him of the good service he had done him, but declared that he would not ask any recompense for the same, " for," he said, " it is not my habit to ask for a return of favours." But he said he would be very grateful, if he would give a welcome to Apollonius and send him on wherever he wished to go. And he had given gold to the guide, so that in case he found Apollonius in want thereof, he might give it him and save him from looking to the generosity of anyone else. And when the Indian received the letter, he declared that he was highly honoured, and would interest himself in the sage as much as if the king of India had written in his behalf; and he lent his official boat for him to embark in and other vessels on which the camels were ferried across, and he also sent a guide to the whole of the country which is bordered by the Hydraotes, and he wrote to his own king, begging him not to treat with less respect than Vardanes a man who was a Greek and divine.


163 M 2


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


XVIII


CAP. 'Yov fjiev Sr) ^IvBov (bSe iirepaicoOrjaav crraStou? fjLfjXi(7Ta reaaapcLKovTa, to yap ttXol/jlov avrov ToaovTOV, irepl Se rod Trorafiov rovrov rdSe ypd(j)ovcrr tov \vhov ap'^eaOat fiev e/c rov Kaf - /cdaov /jiei^co avroOev i) ol Kara rrjv ^ Aalav TTorafiol 7rdvT€<;, Trpo^copelv Se 7roWov<; rcov vavcniropcov kavTOv TTOLOv/juevov, dSeXcpd 8e tw NetXw irpdrTOVTa rfj T€ ^IvSlktj i7n)^€laOat yrjv re iirdyeLv rfj yfj koI 'jrape')(eLV ^Ivhol^ rov AlyvTrncov rpoirov cnreipeLv, yioGi 8' AlOLOiroiv T€ /cat K.aTaSov7rcov opcov dvTiXeyeiv fiev ov/c d^ico Si-d tov<; elirovTa'^, ov firjv ^vvTiOe/jiaL ye XoyL^ofMevo^ rov 'IvSov, co? ravrbv T(p NelXcp ipyd^erai /irj VL<j)Ofi€vr)<; rrj^ virep avrov ')((i)pa'^, Kol aXX&)9 rov 9eov oiSa fcepara rr]<; yr}<^ ^L'/X7ra<j7;9 XlOioird'^ re kol \vhov<^ aTTOCJiaiVOvra jieXaivovrd re tou? fxev dp'^opukvov rjXiov, rov<; Se \/jyovro<;, o 7raJ9 av ^vve/Sacve rrepl rov^; dvO pcoTrov^ , el firj /cal rov yeifjitdva eOepovro ; rjv 8e dva irdv ero<; OdXrreL yrjv rfkLO<;, 7rw9 dv rL<^ rjyolro VLCpecrdai., 7rft)9 3' dv rrjv yiova yopi^yov T0t9 eKelvr) rrorajjiol^ yiyveaOai rov vrrepaipeLv rd a(pa)v avrcov fierpa ; el Be /cal (pocrdv ^(^Lova €9 rd ovrco rrpoaeiXa, 7rco<; dv avrrjv 69 rocrovSe dvayyOrjVat 7re\ayo<; ; 7ra)9 3' dv dwo'^pfjo-aL Trora/JbO) /SvOl^ovrL Xtyvrrrov ; 164


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II


XVIII


Thus they crossed the Indus at a point where it chap. was nearly 40 stades broad, for such is the size of its ^^^^^ navigable portion ; and they -wTite the following '^uheiiRci account of this river. They say that the Indus arises Indus in the Caucasus and is bigger at its source than any of the other rivers of Asia ; and as it advances it absorbs into itself several navigable rivers and, like the Nile, it floods the land of India and brings down soil over it_, and so pro\n[des the Indians with land to sow in the manner of the Egyptians. Now it is said that there is snow on the hills in Ethiopia and in the land of the Catadupi, and I do not choose to contradict, out of respect for the authorities ; nevertheless, I cannot agree with them, when I consider how the river Indus effects the same results as the Nile, without any snow falling on the country that rises behind and above it. And moreover I know that God has set the Ethiopian and the Indian at the two extremes or horns of the entire earth, making black the latter who dwell where the sun rises no less than the former who dwell where it sets ; now how should this be the case of the inhabitants, unless they en- joyed summer heat during the winter ? But where the sun warms the earth all through the year, how can one suppose that it ever snows ? And how could it ever snow there so hard, as to supply the rivers there with water, 'and make them rise above their normal levels ? But even if there were frequent snowfalls in regions so exposed to the sun, how could the melted snow ever cover such an expanse as to resemble a sea ? And how could it ever supply a river which deluges the whole of Egypt ?

i6S


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


XIX


CAP. }^o/jLL^6fji€VOL Se Boa Tov IvSov 7roWoL<; fiev ifora- fjbioL^ 'i7nroi<; ivTV')(eiv (f>acn, ttoWoI^ Se KpoKohei- XoL^, coaTrep ol tov ^elXov irXeovre^;, XiyovaL Se Kol avOr] Tw'Iz^^ft) elvat, ola tov ^eiXov dvacpveTao, KoX Ta<; Mpa<^, at irepl Tr]v ^IvSlktjv elcrc, 'y^eLfiMVO^; /jL€v aXeeiva^i elvai, 6epov<^ he TrvLyrjpd^, irpo'^ 3e TOVTO apicTTa fieiJurj^avrjaOaL T(p haifjiOVL, ttjv yap '^(opav avTOL(; Oajia veaOaL. (jyaal Se kol aKOvaai t6)v ^IvSoov, 0)9 d^iKVOLTo fjbev jBacriXev'^ eirl tov TTOTa/jLov TOVTOVy 0T6 dva^cjSd^otev avTov at aypac, OvoL he avT(p Tavpov<^ re Kal ittttol'? iJLeXava<=; — to yap XevKov dTLfzoTepov 'IvBol TiOevTat tov fieXavo<i 8c , olfiaL, TO eavTMV '^pcofia — dvaavTa he KaTa- TTOVTOvv (fiacre tQ) Trora/xo) ')(^pvaovv /leTpov, el/ca- a/jbevov TO) dirofxeTpovvTi tov (tItov, Kal e<j) otcd jiev TOVTO irpdTTei o ^aaLXev<^, ov ^Vjjij^aXecrBai tov^ ^\vhov<^, avTol he TeKixaipeaOai to fieTpov KaTa- TTOVTOvcrOai tovto Tj inrep d(j>6ovia<^ KapTTMV, 01)9 yecopyol dTTOfieTpovaiv, rj virep ^v/jb/jieTpla'i tov pevpiaTO^, ct)9 fJi^rf KaTaKXvaeue Tr)v yi)v ttoXv^ dcf)CK6pb€vo<;.

XX

CAP. HopevOevTa^ he avT0v<^ virep tov TroTa/juov rjyev irapa tov aaTpdrrov yyeficov evOv tmv Ta^iXcov, ov TO, ^aaiXeta rjv rw ^Ivhcp. aToXrjv he elvai to?9 166


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II


XIX


And as they were being conveyed across the Indus, chap. they say that they came across many river-horses_, ^^^ and many crocodiles, just as those do who sail along of^JheTndus the Nile ; and they say that the vegetation on the with the Indus resembles that which grows along the Nile, and that the climate of India is sunny in winter, but suffocating in summer ; but to counteract this Providence has excellently contrived that it should often rain in their country. And they also say that they learned from the Indians that the king was in the habit of coming to this river when it rose in the appropriate seasons, and would sacrifice to the river bulls and black horses ; for white is less esteemed by the Indians than black, because, I imagine, the latter is their own colour ; and when he has sacrificed, they say that he plunges into the river a measure of gold made to resemble that which is used in measuring wheat. And why the king does this, the Indians, they say, have no idea ; but they themselves con- jectured that this measure was sunk in the river, either to secure the plentiful harvest, whose yield the farmers use such a measure to gauge, or to keep the river within its proper bounds and prevent it from rising to such heights as that it would drown the land.

XX

And after they had crossed the river, they were chap conducted by the satrap's guide direct to Taxila, -^^ where the Indian had his royal palace. And they f^^ian ^ *^® say that on this side of the Indus the dress of the natives

167


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. jxera rov ^IvSov \ivov (f)aalv iy^^^coptov koI VTrohrj- fiara pvpXov kul kvvtjv, ore vol, Kai pvaaw be TOi'9 (f^avepcorepov^; avrcov (f^aatv earaXOai, rrjv Se (Bvaaov (f)vea6ac SivSpov (pacrlv ofiolov fxev rfj XevKj) TTjv jSdaw, irapaifkrjaiov he rfj Irea ra TriraXa. koI T^aOrjvau ttj ^vcraw (fjrjalv 6 'AttoX- X(ovLO<;, iTretSr} eoiKe (patw Tpi/3covL. koL e? At^i;- iTTov he e'f ^\vho)v e? iroXXa twv Upcov (potTO, 77 I3vo-ao<;. ra Be Td^iXa /xeyeOo'^ fjuev elvai /card Tr)v ^Ivov, TeT€i')(ia6aL Se ^v/xfjLeTp(o<i, Mairep at 'EXXaSe?, jBaaiXeia he elvai dvSpo'i rrjv Ucopov Tore dp')(r}v dp^ovro<^, veoov he irpo rov Tei'^ov<; ihelv (paaip ov irapd iroXv rcov eKaropbirohcov XiOov KOfyyvXidrov, Kal KareaKevdadai n lepov iv avro) yrrov fiev rj Kara rov vecov roaovrov re oma Kal irepiKiova, Oavfidaac he d^iov y^aXKol <ydp irivaKe's e'yKeKpoTTjvTaL rot^co e/cdarM, yeypa/ii/jievoL ra Ucopov re koI ^AXe^dvSpov epya- yeypdcfyarat he opei^^dX/coi Kal dpyvp(t> Kal ^pfcro) Kal ')(^aXKW fxeXavL €Xe(papT€s Iitttoi arpariooraL Kpdvrj aa7nhe<;, X6y')(ai he Kal ^eXr] Kal ^i(pri athijpov Trdvra, Kal coaTrep X0709 evhoKi/juov ypa(j)rj<;, olov el 7iev^iho<; elrj TC rj TloXvyvcorov re Kai ^{^(ppdvopo^, ot to evaKLOV rjaTrdcravTO Kal to efjurvovv Kal to eaeyov T€ Kal e^e')(ov, oi/to)?, (pacri, KaKel hia(f)aiV€Tai-, Kal ^vvTeTTjKacnv al vXai KaOdirep ypdifiaTa. i)hv he Kal avTO TO rj9o<^ ttj^; ypa(f)rj(;' dva6els yap Taura fierd Tr]v rov Ma/ccSoz^o? reXevTyv 6 IIco/oo? vlko, iv avTol<; 6 Ma/ce^o)!^ koI tov Yloypov dvaKTarai

168


LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK II

people consists of native linen, with shoes of byblus chap. and a hat when it rains ; but that the upper classes ^^ there are apparelled in byssus ; and that the byssus grows upon a tree of which the stem resembles that of the white poplar, and the leaves those of the willow. And Apollonius says that he was delighted Byssus with the byssus, because it resembled his sable Egypt ^ philosopher's cloak. And the byssus is imported into Egypt from India for many sacred uses. Taxila, they tell us, is about as big as Nineveh, and was fortified Greek fairly well after the manner of Greek cities ; and here Temple at was the royal residence of the personage who then Taxila ruled the empire of Porus. And they saw a Temple, Ihey say, in front of the wall, which was not far short of 100 feet in size, made of porphyry, and there was constructed within it a shrine, somewhat small as compared with the great size of the Temple which is also surrounded with columns, and deserving of notice. For bronze tablets were nailed into each of its walls on which were engraved the exploits of Porus and Alexander. But the pattern was wrought with orichalcus and silver and gold and black bronze, and you saw elephants, horses, soldiers, helmets, shields, and spears, and javelins and swords, all made of iron ; and, if we are to believe report, in a re- spectable style of art resembling that of Zeuxis or Polygnotus and Euphranor, who delighted in light and shade and infused life into their designs, as well as a sense of depth and relief. And the metals were blended in the design, melted in like so many colours ; and the character of the picture was also pleasing in itself, for Porus dedicated these designs after the death of the Macedonian, who is depicted in them in the hour of victory, reinstating Porus who

169


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. Terpco/jbevov kol Scopelrat ttjv ^IvSlk7]v iavrov Xolttov ovaav. Xeyerat oe kul Trevorjaai tov AXe^avopov uTToOavovTa o YlMpo<;, oXocpvpaaOal re o)? yevvalop fcal ')(p7]aT0v jBaaiXea, ^wz^to9 re ' AXe^dvhpov /jbera rrfv Ik t>}9 ^\vhiKrj<^ dva-^coprjaLV firjre elirelv tl &)? /SacnXev^ KaiTOi ^vy^^oypouvra, fjbrjre Trpoard^aL TOL<; ^lvSot<;, aXX^ coairep craTpaTTTjf; <TCO(j)poavvrj(; /x.6(7T09 elvat Kol TTpdrrecv 69 X^P^^ "^^^ i/ceivov irdvra.


XXI

CAP. Ou ^t'7^&)/36t iJbOi \0709 irapeKOelv a irepl rov Tloopov TovTOV dvaypdcf^ovcTf 7r/909 ^la^daei yap TOV Ma/ceSoi/09 6vT0<; Kol ^vpb^ov\,evovT(ov avTw ivLcov T0U9 virep rov Tcpaaiv re kol tov Vdyyrjv TTOTafiov TTOietcrOai ^vixpbdxpv^, ov yap av irpo<; T7)V \vhiKr]v Trdaav ^vfKJ^popovaav rrapaTa^eorOai TTore avTov, el tolovtov eaTi yioi^ ecj)!], " to virrj- Koov, ft)9 p^r] aco^eadac dvev ^vpup^d^cov, ip.ol /3e\~ Tiov TO p^Tj apx^Lv. dirayyeiXavTO'; he auTa> Tivo<;, OTL Aapelov fjprjKe, " /SaatXea" e(f>7], "dvSpa e OV. TOV oe eXecpavTa, e<p ov p^axj^auai ep^eWe, Koapjr]aavTO<^ tov opeco/cop^ov Kai, elirovTOf; " ovTOf; ere, CO paaiXev, oiaeu, eyco p,eu ovv, e(prj, " TOVTOV, Tjv ye dvrjp ep^avTM op^oto^ yevcopLaLT yvcoprjv Se Trotovpuevcov Svaau avTOV tm 7roTap,a), 01)9 P'T} Be^aoTO Ta^ M.aKeSovci)v cr^6Sta9, p/rjBe ev7ropo<; to) AXe^dvBpqy yevocTO, " ov/c eaTtvJ^ €(f)rj, " Tcov OTrXa e^ovTCov to KaTapdcrdat. pueTa Be ttjv 170


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

is Avounded_, and presenting him with India which was chap. now his gift. And it is said that Porus was grieved ^^ at the death of Alexander^ and that he lamented andKkig^ him as a generous and good prince ; and as long as Porus Alexander was alive after his departure from India, he never used the royal diction and style, although he had license to do so, nor issued kingly edicts to the Indians, but figured himself as a satrap full of moderation, and guided in every action by the wish to please Alexander.

XXI

My argument does not allow me to pass over chap the accounts written of this Porus. For when the ^^^ Macedonian was about to cross the river, and some of Porus' advisers wished him to make an alliance with the kings on the other side of the Hyphasis and of the Ganges, urging that the invader would never face a general coalition against him of the whole of India, he replied : " If the temper of my subjects is such that I cannot save myself without allies, then for me it is better not to be king." And when some one amiounced to him that Alexander had captured Darius, he remarked, '"a king but not a man." And when the mule-driver had caparisoned the elephant on which he meant to fight, and said : " He, oh king, will carry you," he replied : " Nay, I shall carry him, if I prove myself the same man I used to be." And when they counselled him to sacrifice to the river, and induce it to reject the rafts of the Macedonians, and make itself impassable to Alexander, he said : It ill befits those who have arms to resort to imprecation." And after the

171


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. /jLd')(^rjv, ore /cal rw 'AXe^dvSpay 6el6<^ re Kal virep TTjv (pvaiv rrjv avupcoireiav eoo^ev, €i7rovTo<; rcov ^vyyevMi' rivo^; , " el Be 7rpo(TeKvvr](7a<^ Sta/Savra, S) Yloype, ovT av r)TT7]6r)<i fj,a')(^6fi€V0<; ovr av roaovTOi YvhSiv dirooXovro, ovr av avro's ire- rpcoao, " eyo) rov AXi^avSpov, elire, " (f>i\orL- /jborarov ukovcov ^vvrj/ca, ore TrpoaKwrjcravra iiev hovXov jjie rjyrjaeraiy TroXe/jLyaavTa Be /SaaiXea, Kal Oavfjid^eaOaL fiaXXov r]^iovv rj iXeeloSai, Kal ovK e^evcrOriv' Trapacry^wv yap ifxavjov, olov ^AXe^av8po<; elBe, Trdvra iv rjjjiepa fjna Kal dirco- Xeaa Kal iKrrjcrdfirjv. rotovrov jxev rov \vhov TOVTOV i^i(TTOpov(TL, yevkdQai Se cj^acrcv avrov KoXXiarov 'IvScov Kal firjKO'^, ocrov ovttco rcvd dvOpoiiTfov TOdv fierd tov<; TpcotKov<; dvhpa^, elvao Be KOfJLiBfi V60V, ore rS ^ AXe^dvBpcp eiroXeixei.


XXII

CAP. '"^Ov Be Bterpt^ev iv tcS lepw 'X^povov, iroXv^ Be ovTO^ eyevero, ear av dyyeXdfj rw ^aaiXel ^evovs rjKeiv, *' 0) ^dfjiiP ecfyrj 6 'AiroXXdiVio^i, " eari n ypacpiKT]; et ye, enre, Kai aXrjUeia. irparrei Be Tt 7) Teyyr] avrt];^ rd 'y^pdy/jbara,^' ec^?;, *'^vyK€- pdvvvatv, OTToaa ean, rd Kvavd rot(; ^aTpa')(eiOL^ KOI rd XevKa toI<; fxeXaa-L Kal ra Trvpaa toI<; co)(poL<;. ravTi be, rj 6 09, vTrep Tivo<; /j.l-

yvvcriv; ov yap virep fiovov rov dv6ovs, coairep ai KrjpLvair " virep fitfirjaeco^^^ e<f)r), " Kal rov Kvva re e^eiKdaac Kal lttttov Kat dvOpwirov Kat vavv Kai

172


I


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

battle, in which his conduct struck Alexander as chap. divine and superhilman, when one of his relations said to him : ^ If you had only paid homage to him after he had crossed, O Porus, you would not yourself have been defeated in battle, nor would so many Indians have lost their lives, nor would you yourself have been wounded," he said : " I knew from report that Alexander was so fond of glory that, if I did homage to him, he would regard me as a slave, but if I fought him, as a king. And I much preferred his admiration to his pity, nor was I wrong in my calculation. For by shewing myself to be such a man as Alexander found me, I both lost and won everything in one day." Such is the character which historians give of this Indian, and they say that he was the handsomest of his race, and in stature taller than any man since the Trojan heroes, but that he was quite young, when he went to war with Alexander.


XXII

While he was waiting in the Temple, — and it took chap. a long time for the king to be informed that ^^^^^ strangers had arrived, — Apollonius said : " O Damis, discusses"^ is there such a thing as painting ? " '^ Why, yes," painting he answered, '•^ if there be any such thing as truth." ^^And what does this art do.?" "It mixes together," replied Damis, "all the colours there are, blue with green, and white with black, and red with yellow." "And for what reason," said the other, "does it mix these.? For it isn't merely to get a colour, like dyed wax." " It is," said Damis, "for the sake of imitation, and

173


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. OTTOcra opa o rjXto^;' 7]Sr] Se kqX rov tjXlov avrov i^eiKa^et rore fjuev iirl reTTapcov lttttcov, olo^; ivravOa Xeyerat (paivecrOai, rore 8' av koI htairvp- aevovra rov ovpavov, iireihav alOepa VTroypd^rj fcal 6eo3v oIkov^ " fiL/j,7}cn<; ovv rj ypacjxKrj, O) HapLc; TL 06 aWo; etirev, ei yap /jltj tovto irpdrroi, yeXoia Bo^et '^pco/jbara irouovaa evrjOco^;.^^

    • ra h iv Tw ovpavw, €(f)7], " IBXeTrojieva, iirecSav

at v€(f>6\at SiaaTraaOcoa-cv dir dWrjXcov, tov<; KevTavpov^ /cat rpayeXdcpov^; Kai, vr) At , ol \vkol re /cat ol 'iirirot, rt t^rjaet^; ap ov fjtifirjrt/crjfi elvat epya; eot/cev, €(pr]. ^wypacpo^ ovv o ueo<;, w Adfit, /cal /caraXtTTMv rb ttttjvov dpfia, i(f> ov tto- peverai Sta/coa/icov ra Oeld re /cal dvOpcoTreta, KdOrj- rat rore dOvpcov re Kat ypdc^cov ravra, coarnrep ol i TTulBe^ iv rfj ■^dfifjiw; rjpvOplaaev o Ad/jLt<; e? ovrco^; droTTOv i/CTreaelv S6^avro<; rov \6yov. ov^ virept- I BoDv ovv avrov 6 W.7roWd)vto<;, ovSe yap irtKpo^; iTpo^ rd<; e\6y^€L<; rjv, *'dXkd jxr] rovro, e^r), ^ovXec Xeyetv, co Ad/jtc, ro ravra fxev darjjid re /cal co? erv)(^e Bid rov ovpavov (pepeaOat roye 67rl rw Oeth, r)/jtd<i Be (pvaei ro fitfnjrt/cov e^ovra'^ dvappvOpttl^eLV re avrd /cal iroielv ; " '* p^dXXovT ecftrj, " rovro 7]yco- jmeOa, w ^ArroXXcovte, mOavcorepov yap /cal ttoXXo) ^eXnovT *' Birrr} dpa rj fjuiixrirtKr), a) Ad/jbt, /cat

174 ,


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

to get a likeness of a dog, or a liorse^ or a man^ or a chap. ship, or of anything els^ under the sun ; and what is ^^'^ more, you see the sun himself represented, sometimes borne upon a four horse car, as he is said to be seen here, and sometimes again traversing the heaven with his torch, in case you are depicting the ether and the home of the gods." " Then, O Dam is, painting is imitation?" ^* And what else could it be ? " said he : '^ for if it did not effect that, it would be voted to be an idle playing with colours." "And," said the other, " the things which are seen in heaven, whenever the clouds are torn away from one another, I mean the centaurs and stag-antelopes, yes, and the wolves too, and the horses, what have you got to say about them ? Are we not to regard them as works of imitation ? " " It would seem so," he replied. " Then, Damis, God is a })ainter, and has left his wmged chariot, upon which he travels, as he disposes of affairs human and divine, and he sits down on these occasions to amuse himself by drawing these pictures, as children make figures in the sand." Damis blushed, for he felt that his argument was reduced to such an absurdity. But Apollonius, on his side, had no wish to humiliate him, for he was not unfeeling in his refutations of people, and said : " But I am sure, Damis, you did not mean that ; rather that these figures flit through the heaven not only without meaning, but, so far as providence is concerned, by mere chance ; while we who by nature are prone to imitation rearrange and create them in these regular figures." "We may," he said, " rather consider this to be the case, O Apollo- nius, for it is more probable, and a much sounder idea." " Then, O Damis, the mimetic art is

175


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. Tr)v fiev rjycti/jueOa oiav ry Xet/Ot aTTO/jLt/jbelaOaL koI TO) va>, <ypa(f)iKrjv Be eivai ravTijv, rrfv 3* av /juovcp TOt) v(p ecKa^ecv. ov oLrrrjv, ecprj o Z\ayu-i9,

  • ' dWa Trjv jiev reXecorepav rjyelcrOaL 7rpoa7]K€i

ypa(j)CK7]v ye ovaav, rj SvvaraL koI tw vS> koI ttj X^^P^ i^GLKciaai,, T7]v Se erepav 6/c€iV7]<^ fiopiov,

eweLSr) ^VVi7](JL /jL6V KoX /JLL/JL€iTaL T« V& Kol flT) ypa(f}LK6<i TL^i COV, TTj %€^/3l 3e OVK av 69 TO ypdcj)6LV

avrd p^^?7cratT0." " dpa,^^ ecj^r], " w Ad/jui, ireirT]- pco/jLevo<; rrjv X^^P^ ^'^^ 7r\r)yrj<; tivo<; rj voaov ; "

  • ' jia At," elirev, *' a)OC viro tov yLtryre ypacpuSo^;

TLvo<; r)<^6aL, /jbrjre opydvov tlvo<; rj XP^P'^'^^^* dW dfjbaOciy^; e^eti^ tov ypd(j>€LV.^^ " ovKovv^'e^r), " c5 AdfjLi, d/jL(j)co 6/JLo\oyov/jL€V /JLtfjirjTLKrjv fJLev eK (pvaeco's TOfc? dvOpcoTTOL^; 7]fC€Lv, Trjv ypa(f>Lfcr]v Se eK re^z^?/?. tovtI S dv KoX Trepl rrjv irXaart/crjv ^aivoLTO. Trjv he Srj ^(oypa(f)iav avTrjv ov /jlol SofceL<; fiovov Tr)v Bid TMV ^/oco/i-aro)!^ rjyelaOaL, /cal yap ev XP^P^^ 69 avrrjv rjp/cecre tol<; ye dpxaioTepoL^; TOiV ypa(f)€o)v /cal irpolovaa rerrdpcov eira ifKeiovcov Tj-^jraro, dWd Kal ypa/ji/Jbrjv Kal to dvev ^/9ft;/i,aT09, o Brj (jKid^i re ^vy/cetrai Kal (pcoro^;, ^coypa(f)iav irpoa- r]Kei KaXelv kol yap ev avrot^; o/jbOLorrjf; re opdrai elB6<i re Kal vov<; Kal al8a)<; Kal Opaavrrj^;, Kanoi XVP^^^^ ^/9a)yLtaT&)i^ ravTO., Kal ovre alfia ivarj/jbaL- V€L ovre KOjjbr]^ tlvo<; rj v7r7]V7]<; dv6os, aWa /jLOvoTpoTrco*; ^vvnOe/jieva tw t€ ^avOa> dvOpcoirw

176


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

twofold, and we may regard the one kind as an chap. employment of the hands and mind in producing imi- ^^^^ tations, and declare that this is painting, whereas the other kind consists in making likenesses with the mind alone." Not twofold/' replied Damis^ " for we ought to regard the former as the more perfect and more complete kind being anyhow painting, and a faculty of making likenesses with the help both of mind and hand ; but we must regard the other kind as a depart- ment of that, since its possessor perceives and imi- tates with the mind^ without having the delineative faculty, and would never use his hand in depicting its objects." *' Then," said Apollonius, " you mean, Damis, that the hand is disabled by a blow or by disease?" ^^ No," he answered, "but it is disabled, because it has never handled pencil nor any instrument or colour, and has never learned to draw." "Then," said the other, "we are both of us, Damis, agreed that man owes his mimetic faculty to nature, but his power of painting to art. And the same would appear to be true of plastic art. But, methinks, you would not confine painting itself to the mere use of colours, for a single colour was often found sufficient for this purpose by our older painters ; and as the art advanced, it employed four, and later, yet more ; but we must also concede the name of a painting to an outline drawn without any colour at all, and composed merely of shadow and light. For in such designs we see a resemblance, we see form and expression, and modesty and bravery, although they are altogether devoid of colour ; and neither blood is represented, nor the colour of a man's hair or beard ; nevertheless these compositions in monochrome are likenesses of people either tawny

177

VOL. I. N


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. eoLice fcal tm XevKO), kclv tovtodv tlvcl tmv IvZoiv

XXII ' '

Xevfcy TTJ jpa/ji/jufj ^ypd^^wixev, p£\a<^ Stjirov So^ei, TO yap vTToaL/jLOV Trj<; pLvo^ koX ol opOol l36aTpv')(pL KoX T) irepLTTT) y€vv<; /cat rj irepl rotf; 6(j)6a\/jLOi<i olov 6K7r\ri^L<; fiekaLvei ra opcofieva kol Ivhov v7roypd(f)€L roi<^ ye fir] dvorjT(jd<; opcoatv. oOev eoTTOL/jb av Kol TOL'9 6pcovTa<; TO, tt)? ypa^iKpj^ epya /jbLfir}TLKr]<; helaOai' ov yap av iTraivecreie ti<; tov yey pa fJL [lev ov lirirov rj ravpov /jltj to ^(oov evOvp,7)- 6e\<; c5 elica<JTai, ov8 av tov AcavTo. Ti9 tov TLp.o/jbd')(^ov dyaaOeiri, 09 hr] dvayeypaiTTai avT(h IJLefJi7]V(o<;, el firj dvaXd^oL tl 69 tov vovv A.tavTO<^ etScoXov Kal &)9 elKo<^ avTOV direKTOVOTa tcu ev Tjj Tpola /3ov/c6Xca /caOrjaOai direiprifcoTa, fiovXrjv iroiovfievov Kal eavTov KTelvau. TavTl Be, m Ad/JLL, TCL TOV Hcopov SauSaXa /juiJTe ')(aXKevTCKrj<; /juovov dirocpaLvco/jLeOay yey pa fifjievoL<; yap etKaaTat, /xr^re ypa(^iK?)<^, eireLhr) eycCXKevQi), oKX i^yoiixeOa ao<pL- aaaOai avTcu ypa^LKov Te Kal ')(aXKevTLKov eva avhpa, olov Sij tl Trap' 'Ofjbtjpw to tov 'H^atcrrou irepl TTjv TOV 'A;)^tXXe&)9 daTrlSa dva^aiveTai. [xecFTa yap Kal TavTa oXXvvtcov Te Kal oXXvp,e- vcov, Kal T7]v yrjv r/fiaTcoaOai, (ptjaec*; ')(aXK?}V ovaav.


178


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

or white, and even if we drew one of these Indians chap with a white pencil, yet he would seem black, for ^-^^^ there would be his flat nose, and his stiff curling locks and prominent jaw, and a certain gleam about his eyes, to give a black look to the picture and depict an Indian to the eyes of all those who have intelligence. And for this reason I should say that those who look at works of painting and drawing require a mimetic faculty ; for no one could appreciate or admire a picture of a horse or of a bull, unless he had formed an idea of the creature represented Nor again could one admire a picture of Ajax, by the painter Timomachus, which represents him in a state of madness, unless one had conceived in one's mind first an idea or notion of Ajax, and had entertained the probability that after killing the ' flocks in Troy he would sit down exhausted and meditate suicide. But these elaborate works of Porus we cannot, Damis, regard as works of brass founding alone, for they resemble regular pictures, nor as works of painting alone, for they are cast in brass ; so let us regard them as the chefs d' ceiivre of a man who is both painter and brass-founder at once, and as similar to the work of Hephaestus upon the shield of Achilles, as revealed in Homer. For there are crowded together in that work too men slaying and slain, and you would say that the earth was stained with gore, though it is made of brass."


179

N 2


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


XXIII


XXIII


CAP. Toiavra cr-TTOvM^ovrL tm dvSpl icpio-ravrai ' ""' irapa rod i3a(7L\6co<; dyyeXoi koI epfiTjvev^, w? TTOLOiTO avTov 6 ^a(Ti\€v^ ^hov €9 rpel^ r)fi6pa<;, fjurj yap irXeiovcDV vevofiiaOat tol'9 ^evou^ ivofiLkelv T77 TToXeL, KoX rjyovvTO avTM e9 ra /SacnXeLa. v 7ro\t9 8' ft)9 fJiev exec rod reuxov^, eipi-jKa, (j^aal 8' ft)9 araKTco^ re Kal 'Attlkco<; tou9 (TT6vco7rov<i TeTfjL7)raL KareaKevacrTat re oldaL^, el fiev e^coOev opcDT] Tt9 avTCi^, eva e%ouo-ai9 6po(pov, el 3' eorco j irapeXOoL Tt9, v7royeioL<; r^hr) /cal '7rapexo/J^evaL<; Ua


T0?9 dvd) ra vtto ry yrj.


XXIV

CAP. 'lepov 3e ISetv 'UXtov <haalv, « avelro Aia^


e\e(/)a9, /cal dyaXfiaTa 'AXe^dvBpov %pi^o-a /cal . nco/30u eVeoa, %a\/coi) 8' r)v ravra fxeXavo^. ol Se 1 rov lepov rolxot, irvpaah XiOoi^ vTraarpaTrreL Xpv(To<; avyrjv e/c8t5ou9 eoiKvlav clktIvl. to Se eSo9 avTO fiapyapiTiSo'; ^vyKecraL ^vfi^oXifcov TpoTTov, S pdplSapoL irdvTe^ k -rd lepd XP^vjai,


i8o


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II


XXIII


While the sage was engaged in this conversation, chap. messengers and an interpreter presented themselves ^^^^^ from the king, to say that the king would make him on^ouses"" his guest for three days/ because the laws did not "^ Taxiia allow of strangers residing in the city for a longer time ; and accordingly they conducted him into the palace. I have already described the way in which the city is walled, but they say that it w as divided up into narrow streets in the same irregular manner as is Athens, and that the houses were built in such a way that if you look at them from outside they had only one storey, while if you went into one of them, you at once found subterranean chambers extending as far below the level of the earth as did the chambers above.

XXIV

And they say that they saw a Temple of the Sun chaf. in w^hich was kept a sacred elephant called Ajax, and ^^^^ there were images of Alexander made of gold, and Sephant'^^ others of Porus, though the latter were of black AJa^. '"^nd bronze. But on the walls of the Temple there were ^SeSnder red stones, and gold glittered underneath, and gave off a sheen as bright as sunlight. But the statue w^as compacted of pearls arranged in the symbolic manner affected by all barbarians in their shrines.


^ Compare the proverb " Saepedies post tres vilescit piscis et hospes," and cp. W. Robertson Smith, Religion of the Semites, 1901, p. 270.

l8i


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


XXV


CAP. Uepl Se ra jBaaiXeia ovre oyKOV IBelv (f>aai,v olfcoSofjiyfiaTcov, ovre hopv^opov^ r} (f)vXaKa^, dX}C ola vrepl Ta<; tmv Xafiirpcov olKia^;, oXiyov^; oiKeraf; KoX hta\€')(OrjvaL tw ^acriXet Seofievovf; rpel*;, olfxai, Tj reTTapa^;' koI tov Koafiov tovtov dya- aOrjvat fidWov rj ra ev ^a^vXcovc (pXey/xaivovTa, Kol iToWw TrXeov eaco TrapeXOovre^i' /cat yap tov<; dvSpcJovas Kol Ta9 <jto<x9 koI rrjv avXrjv irdaav KeKoXdaOai (^aalv.


XXVI

CAP. "Eiho^ev ovv TO) ^ AttoXXcovlo) cpcXoaocpetv 6 'lvSo<; Koi 7rapaaTrj(Td/ji6vo(i tov epfjurjvea, " ^at/oo)," elirev, "&) (BaaiXev, <^iXoao(^ovvTd ae opcov." "eyco Se virep- 'X^aipM, €(p7], €7rei,or} ovrco irepi e/uLov oiei. tovtl Se vevofJULCTTaL irap vplv elirev, "rj av Trpb^ to iirt- €iK€^ Tovro Tr)V dp')(r)v KaTeaTr)a(i) ; " *' o-w^/owto?," ec^rj, *' v€VO/jLLa/jL€V(p acocppovearepov ')(^p(bfjLai,, koX irXelcTTa /juev e'X^co dv6pco7rcov, heojiai 8e oXiywv, ra yap iroXXa tmv (j)LXct)v tmv ifiavrov rjyovfLai.

  • ' jiaKapie tov 6r)<javpov,'^ elirev, *' el ^pvaov re

K.a\ dpyvpov dvTepvy tov<; cj)iXov(;, ef mv dva- (pveTat <JOi iroXXd re Ka\ dyaOd. "kol firjv Kal TOt? e')(6pol<;^^ €(f)r], " kolvcovm tov ttXovtov. tov<; yap del ttotc Scacpopovs Tfj X^P^ TavTy ^ap^dpov^ 182


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II


XXV

And in the palace they say that they saw no chap.

X J w *i "Y" v V

magnificent chambers^ nor any bodyguards or _ sentinels, but, as is the case in the houses of the ofThe " ^ upper class, a few servants ; and only three or four of .i?^^"..,

1 1.1 .111. * 1 J^ui&^s life

them, who required to converse with the king. And they say that they admired this arrangement more than they did the pompous splendour of Babylon, and their esteem was enhanced when they went within. For the men's chambers and the porticoes and the whole of the vestibule were in a very chaste style.


XXVI

So the Indian was regarded by Apollonius as a chap. philosopher, and addressing him through an inter- preter, he said : " I am delighted, O king, to find ufe and you living like a philosopher." "And I," said the p*^^*^^ other, " am over delighted that you should think of me thus." "And," said Apollonius, "is this customar}' among you, or was it you yourself established your government on so modest a scale? " "Our customs," said the king, " are dictated by moderation, and I am still more moderate in my carrying them out ; and though I have more than other men, yet I want little, for I regard most things as belonging to my o^^^l friends." " Blessed are you then in your treasure," said Apollonius," "if you rate your friends more highly than gold and silver, for out of them grows up for you a harvest of blessings." " Nay more," said the king, " 1 share my wealth also with my enemies. For the barbarians who live on the

183


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. Trpocroifcovvra^; koI KaTahpofxal's ^/ocoyLtei^of? e?

XXVI J \ r/ f r. \ r> , \

rafia opta viroiroiovfJuiL rovroLcn roc^i ')(^pi]pLacn, kul 8opv(f)op€iTaL jJiOL vir avTcov rj ^copa, /cal ovre avTol eVl TCLfjia (^oltmcfl tou? re ofjuopov^ avTOt<; /3apl3dpov(; aveipyovat, ')(aXe7rov<i 6vTa<;.'^ ipofievov Be avTov rod AttoWcovlov, el koI TIco/^o? avTOL<; ireXec 'x^prjfjiaTa, " Ilftj^o?," elire, " TroXifiov r)pa, iyo) 8e elprjvrj<;.^ irdvv TOi<; Xoyotf; tovtoi<; e^eipovTO Tov 'AttoWcovlov, koI ovtw^ avrov r)TTr)6ri, oo^; ^vcppdry irore eTriirXrjTTWv /iirj (f)iXoao- (f)ovvrt, " r}fjb€i(; Be dXXa tov ^Ivhov ^padyrrjv alSco- /xe^a," (pdvai, ovofjua yap tw \vB(p rouro 7]v. aarpdirov Si, eTrecSy peydXcov Trap' avrov rj^icoOr}, ^ovXrjOevro^; avrov dvaSrjaai piirpa ')(^pvaf] k€KO- a jjurf fjievr] XlOoi<; ttolkLXol^, " iyco, ' €(f)r), " el fcal roiv ^7]Xovvr(ov ra rotavra rjv, Trapyrrjad/jLrjv dv avra vvv /cal direppi^^a rrj<^ Ke(^aXr)<; AiroXXfoviw ivrv^cov, 069 Se fiijTro) irporepov dvahelaOai rj^icoaa, TTW? dv vvv KoapoifiTjv rov fiev ^evov dyvorjaaf;, epuavrov he eKXaOo/ievo^; ; " rjpero avrov Kai rrepi Stair7j(; 6 'ATToXXcoz^io?, o Si, " ocvov pAv, €^Vy " TTivco roaovrov, ocrov rw 'HXto) airevSw, d S dv ev Orjpa Xd/3(o, ravra airovvrai erepoi, ep,ol 8' aTTO'^pr] rb yeyvpvdaOac. rd 8e 6/xa air la \d')((Civa Kal (f)OLVL/ccov iyfcecf^aXoi /cal o Kapiro^; rwv ^olvlkmv /cal orroaa 6 irorap.0^ Krjirevei. rroXXa Be piOL Kai drro BevBpcov (pverai, mv yecopyol aiBe al ^et/oe?. ravra dKOvcov 6 W.7roXXd)vio<; inreprjBero re Kai e? rov Adp^iv Sapid ecopa.


184


LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK II

border of this country were perpetually quarrelling chap. with us and making raids into my territories^ but I ^^^ ^ keep them quiet and control them with money, so that my country is patrolled by them, and instead of their invading my dominions, they themselves keep off the barbarians that are on the other side of the frontier, and are difficult people to deal with." And when Apollonius asked him, whether Porus also had paid them subsidy, he replied : " Porus was as fond of war as I am of peace." By expressing such sentiments he quite disarmed Apollonius, who was so captivated by him, that once, when he was rebuking Euphrates for his want of pliilosophic self-respect, he remarked : '^ Nay, let us rather reverence Phraotes the Indian," for this was the name of the Indian. And when a satrap, for the great esteem in which he held the monarch, desired to bind on his brow a golden mitre adorned with various stones, he said : ^Even if I were an admirer of such things, I should decline them now, and cast them off my head, because I have met with Apollonius. And how can I now adorn myself with ornaments which I never before deigned to bind upon my head, without ignoring my guest and forgetting myself? " Apollonius also asked him about his diet, and he replied : "^I drink just as much wine as I pour out in libation to the Sun ; and whatever I take in the chase I give to others to eat, for I am satisfied with the exercise I get. But my own meal consists ot vegetables and of the pith and fruit of date palms, and of all that a well- watered garden yields in the way of fruit. And a great deal of fruit is yielded to me by the trees which I cultivate with these hands." When Apollonius heard this, he was more than gratified, and kept glancing at Damis.

i8s


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


XXVII


irapa tov<; ^pa')(^fidva<;, rov fjuev irapa rod Ba/3fX&)- vLov rjye/jLova eKeXevae ^evl^eiv, cocTTrep elcoOet tou? eV ^al3v\(bvo<; y/covra^;, rbv Se irapa rov aarpaTrov cLTnevai Xafiovra icpoSia, avTO^; Be \al36/jL€vo<; tt)? Tov ^ AttoWcovlov '^eipo'^, koI Ke\evaa<^ airekOelv Tov epfj.r]V€a, ap dv" ecfyrj, "TrotTjaaLO fxe <tv/jl- TTOTTjv ; ripero o avrov (pcovr) htXAaoi. eKirXa- y6VT0<; Be tov ^ AiroWcoviov Kai, " tov X^P^^ ^^'^ ^'? apxj]^ ovTco OLeXeyov ; (prjaavTO^, eoeiaa, ecpr), '* Opa<TVs ho^ai [XT] <yi'yv(i)(TKa)v ifiavTov, fiTjS^ oti ^dp^apov elvai fxe Sofcel tj) tv^JI^ (^ov Be r]TTr)6eL<i, eTreiSr} /cat ae opoj i/xol x^ipovTa, ovk yBvvijOrjv ifxavTov KpvirT€iv, o)? Be yaecrro? elfJLL t% '^Xkrjvoiv <l)covrj<;, ev TroA-Xot? BijXcoao).^^ " tl ovv^^ elirev, " ov/c avTo^ eTTTj'yyeiKa'; i/juol to crv/jL7r6aL0V, aXX €fie aoL KsXevet^ iTrayyeWeiv ; " " oti ere," e(f)r}, " ^eXTici) ifiavTOv riyov/iaL, to yap ^aatkiKcoTepov (T0(^ia h^ei. Kai a/na -qyev avTov re koX tov<; dfL(f> avTov, ovirep elcoOet XovaOat. to Be ^akavelov TrapdBeLcro^; rjv aTaBiov /jurj/co^;, m fxearj KoXvjji^rjOpa evcopcopvKTo Trrjyaf; e/cBexo/jievT] TroTifiov Te Kai '^V'xpov vBaTO<;, to, Be icj)' etcaTepa Bpofioc rjcrav, ev

OL'i CLKOVtIw Te Kai Bi<JK(p tov 'FjWtJVLKOV TpOTTOV

i86


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II


XXVII


And when they had conversed a good deal about chap. which road to take to the Brahmans, the king ^^^^^ ordered the guide from Babylon to be well enter- g^hmans tained, as it was customary so to treat those who came from Babylon ; and the guide from the satrap, to be dismissed after being given provisions for the road. Then he took Apollonius by the hand, and having bidden the interpreter to depart, he said : ^^ You will then, I hope, choose me for your boon companion." And he asked the question of him in the Greek tongue. But Apollonius was surprised, Apollonius and. remarked : " Why did you not converse with me ^iSi hhiT^ thus, from the beginning?" "I was afraid," said the king, "of seeming presumptuous, for I do not know myself, not to mention the fact that I am a barbarian by decree of fate ; but you have won my affection, and as soon as I saw that you take pleasure in my society, I was unable to keep myself concealed. But that I am quite competent in the Greek speech I will show you amply." " Why then," said Apollonius, " did you not invite me to the banquet, instead of begging me to invite you ? " " Because," he replied, " I regard you as my superior, for wisdom has more of the kingly quality about it." And with that he led him and his companions to The king's where he was accustomed to bathe. And the ^*^^ bathing-place was a garden, a stade in length, in the middle of which was dug out a pool, which was fed by fountains of water, cold and drinkable ; and on each side there were exercising places, in which he was accustomed to practise himself after the manner

187


FLA VI us PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. eavTov e^rjaKei, koX 'yap to acofia eppcoro viro re r]\iKLa<; — iirra yap /cal eoKoaiv errj yeyovoo'; rjv — VTTo T€ rou mSc yv/jLvd^€aOat. eirel Se LKavo)<^ e^oi eTTTJSa e? to vScop Kal iyv/ava^ev eavrov tm velv. ft)9 3e iXovaavTO, i^dSc^ov e? to avaalrtov €(TT€^av(t) jxevoL, tovtI Se vev6fJiiaTai^\vhol^, eTreihav e? ToO l3a(nXew=; TTivcoaiv.


XXVIII

CAP. "A^iov Se /jLTjSe to a')(^r}iia TrapaXtirelv rov ttotov aa<j)0)(; ye avayeypaiifjuevov vrro rov AdfiiBo^;' evco- ^elrai jxev yap iirl (TTijBdho^ 6 f3aaL\ev<; kul tmv |^f77eI^co^' p^^XP "TreWe ol iyyix;, ol Se Xolttol 7rdvTe<^ iv OdKoi^ a va air oven, jpdire^a Se, wairep ^(o/jlo<; vyjro^; e? 701^^' dvSpo<; e^oyfcoSofirjraL piecn), kvkXov eireyovaa xopov ^vp.^e^Xy)pLevov dvSpwv TpidKOvra, icj)^ ^9 Sdcpvai, re SiaarpcovvvvraL /cal KXcove*; erepoL TrapaTrXijaioL fiev rfj pLippLvrj, (f)epovTe<; Se ^lvSol<; fjbvpov. evravOa SidKeivrac Z^^O? fiev Kal 6pviOe<;, SidKeivraL Se Xeovre^ re oXol Kal SopKdSe*; Kal ave<; Kal Tuypecov 6(7<^ve^, ra yap Xoiira Tov Or^piov TrapatTOVvrai eadieLv, eTreiSr} ro t,(pov TOVTO, (fiaaiv, orav TrpcoTOv yevrjrai, tov<; e/jL7rpoaOLOv<; rcov woScov dvia^ovTi, alpeiv ro) 'HXtw. Kal dvLard/jLevof; 6 Sairv/jboov (poira Trpo? T^y rpdire^av, Kal ra /juev dveXofievos tovtcov, to, Se 188


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

of the Greeks with javelin and quoit-throwing ; for chap. physically he was very robust^ both because he was ^^^^^ still young, for he was only seven-and-twenty years old, and because he trained himself in this way. And when he had had enough exercise, he would jump into the water and exercised himself in swimming. But when they had taken their bath, they proceeded into the banqueting chamber with wreaths upon their heads ; for this is the custom of the Indians, when- ever they drink wine in the palace.


XXVIII

And I must on no account omit to describe the chap, arrangement of the banquet, since this has been */ clearly described and recorded by Damis. The king Banqiiet then banquets lying upon a mattress, and as many as five of his nearest relations with him ; but all the rest join in the feast sitting upon chairs. And the table resembles an altar in that it is built up to the height of a man's knee in the middle of the chamber^ and allows room for thirty to dispose themselves around it like a choir in a close circle. Upon it laurels are strewn, and other branches which are similar to the myrtle, but yield to the Indians their balm. Upon it are served up fish and birds, and there are also laid upon it whole lions and gazelles and swine and the loins of tigers ; for they decline to eat the other parts of this animal, because they say that, as soon as it is bom, it lifts up its front paws to the rising Sun. Next, the master of ceremonies rises and goes to the table, and he selects some of the viands for himself, and cuts off other portions, and then he goes

189


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. aTTore/jbcov, aireXOchv e? tov eavrov Oolkov i/jLTriTrXa-

XXVIII ^ y, ^, «>/ 'C>vc^v

rat, tfafiLva eireauLcov tov aprov. eireioav be LKavM<; €')((DaLv, ea^epovrai KpaTrjp€<; apjvpot re Kol ')(^pvaoL, BeKa aufiTroraL^; aTro^^pwi^ et?, a<j)^ mv iTLVovai KV'\^avTe<^, cooirep Tron^o/jLevoi. fjuera^v he 7rivovTe<; eTreadyovrac d<yepco')(^La<!; eiri/CLvBvvov^ Kai ovK €^(D TOV (TTrovBd^eiv 7rat<; yap Ti?, coaTrep o rcov 6p')(r)aTpiS(ov, dveppiirrelTO KOv(j)0)<i avvacpie- fxevov avTw /SeXou? e? to dvco, kol iireLSr) ttoXv diro tt}? 7?}9 yevoLTO, i/cv/SiCTTa o 7rat9 vTrepaipcov eavTov TOV /8eXou9, Kal d/iaprovTc rod Kv^icrrdv 6T0L[ia Tjv ^e^rjaOai' 6 yap to^ot?/? irplv d(j)ievac TrepLjjeL tov<; ffyu-Trora? iiriSei/cvvf; Trjv aKiSa Kal 8l8ov<; eXey^ov rod /^eXou?. Kal to Std a<j)ev86vr)(; Se To^evaai Kal to e'9 Tpi^a levai, Kal tov vlov tov eavTov (TKLaypacprjo-ai fieXeaiv dveaTMTa 7rp6<; aaviSa, aTrovhd^ovaiv iv tol(; it6tol<;, Kal KaropOov- atv avTCL /jLe6vovTe<;.


XXIX

xxTx 01 /xev Sr) irepl tov Ad/xiv i^eTrXoJTTOVTO avTa co? evaKOTTa, Kal T7]v ^vfi/jieTpiav Trjf; TO^eia^ eOavfiai^ov, 6 he ^AttoXXcovio^, ^vveauTei yap tm (BaaiXel ofxo- StaiTtp ovTL, T0VT0i<; fJLev rJTTov 'Trpoael')(e, irpb^; 8e TOV jSaatXea, " elire fioi, m PaaiXevT €(j)rj, " iroOev ovTco<; €%et9 (jxovrjfi 'EXXaSo9, (piXoaocjiia Te r) irepl 190


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

back to his own chair and eats his full, constantly chap. munching bread with it. And when they have all ^^^ had enough, goblets of silver and gold are brought in, each of which is enough for ten banqueters, and out of these they drink, stooping down like animals that are being watered. And while they are drink- Tumblers' ing, they have brought in performers of various banquet dangerous feats, requiring elaborate preparation. For a boy, like a theatrical dancer, would throw a light somersault, and at the same moment a javelin was aimed at him, up in the air, and when he was a long way from the ground, the boy would, by a tumblers' leap, raise himself above the weapon, and if he missed his leap, he was sure to be hit. For the archer, before he let fly, went round the banqueters and showed them the point of his weapon, and let them try the missile themselves. And another man would take a sling and aiming within a hair's breadth would shoot at his own son, and pick out his figure with the missiles as he stood erect against a hoarding. Such are their forms of entertainment in their banquets, and they aim straight, even when they are drunk.


XXIX

Well, the companions of Damis marvelled at the chap. accuracy of their eye, and were surprised at the ^^i^ exactness with which they aimed their weapons ; JJ^^^^jfs but Apollonius, who was eating beside the king Indian cheek by jowl, was less interested in these feats caUrSning and said to the king : " Tell me, O King, how you acquired such a command of the Greek tongue,

191


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. ae iroOev evravOa ; ov yap e? Si8a(JKd\ov<; ye ol/jbai ai>a(j)€p6LV, eVet fjirjSe elvai TLva<; iv 'Ii^Sot? etVo9 hihaaicaXov^ tovtov^ yeXdaa^; ovv 6 l3aai\€v<;,

    • 01 fxev iraXaioir e(^^, " ra? ipQ)T7]aei<; tmv Kara-

irXeovTCdv iiroiovvTo, el Xyarat elaiv, ovt(o<; avro KaiTOL ')(^a\e7rov ov koivov rjyovvro, v/iei^i Be jjlol SoKelre rou? eirK^oiTMvra^ v/jLlv epcordv, /jlt) (f)i\6- ao(f)OL elaiv, out&)9 avrb kultol Oeiorarop tcjv /car dvOpcoTTOVf; ov koI to?? eTrLTV^^ovaiv V7rdp')(^eiv oteaOe. koL otl fiev Trap" vfitv ravrov rw XycrreveLV i<TTLv, olSa, ofjboio) fiev yap aol dvSpl ov ^aaiv elvat evTV)(^etv, tov<; Be ttoWoix;, Mairep aKvXev- aavTa<; avrb erepcov irepL^epXrjdai re dvap/jboarco'^, Kal aojBelv dWorpuav eaOrjra einavpovra^;' kuI vt) AC, Mairep ol XrjaTal rpvcpMaiv elBore^; ore viro rfj hiKY) KetvTai, ovTCO KCLKeivovf; (f)aal yaarpu re BiBovat Kal d(f)poBtaLoi<; Kal dfjb7re')(^ovrj XeTrrrj. to Be atriov vo/jlol v/jllv, olfjuat, elaiv, el jxev to vop^iapia irapa^OeipoL Tt9, diroOvyafceLV avrov, Kal TraiBiov ec tl<; 7rapeyypd(f)0L, rj ovk o23' o tl ein TOVTM, Tov^ Be TTjv (f)iXo(Jo(^Lav v7ro^aXXofjievov<; rj 7rapacj)0€lpovTa<; ovBei^;, ol/jbai, v6/jlo<!; Trap vpdv la')(et,, ovBe dp')(ri Tt? eir* avT0v<; reraKTai.


192


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 11

and whence you derived all your philosophical chap attainments in this place ? For I don't imagine that ^^^^ you owe them to teachers, for it is not likely that there are, in India, any who could teach it." The king then smiled and said : " Our ancestors used to ask questions of mariners who sailed to their coast, to see whether they were pirates, so widespread did tiiey consider that calling to be in spite of its cruelty ; but so far as I can make out, you Greeks ask your visitors whether they are not philosophers, so convinced are you that everyone you meet with must needs possess this divinest of human attainments. And that philosophy and piracy are one and the same thing among you, I am well aware ; for they say that a man like yourself is not to be found anywhere ; but that most of your philosophers are like people who have despoiled another man of his garment and then have dressed themselves up in it, although it does not fit them, and proceed to strut about trailing another man's garment. Nay, by Zeus, just as robbers live in luxury, well knowing that they lie at the mercy of justice, so are they, it is said, addicted to gluttony and riotous living and to delicate apparel. And the reason is this : you have laws, I believe, to the effect that if a man is caught forging money, he must die, and the same if anyone illegally enrolls a boy upon the register and all the rest of it, I know not what ; but people who utter a counterfeit philosophy or corrupt her are not, I believe, restrained among you by any law, nor is any authority set to suppress them.


193

VOL. I. ».»


FLAVaUS PHILOSTRATLtg


XXX


CAP, Ilap' t)fuv he oXlyoi /Jbev tov (f)Ckoao^e2v diTTov- Tat, SoKL/jbd^ovTac Be coSe- ')(pr} tov veov, iirethav oKTooKaiSeKa ettj yeyopco^} 't^XV> '^ofrl 8', oljiat, /cat Trap' v/jllv €(j)7]^ov /juerpou, virep tov '"T(pa(7Lv TTOTa/jiov eXdelv Trapd tov<; civSpa<;, 01)9 (tv oy p fir] - fca^, elirovTa STj/uLoata irpoTepov otl <pi\oao(j)7]aoL, 7v fj TOt? PoyXofievoi^i i^elpyetv avTov, el jjut] KaOapo's (pOLTon). fcaOapov Be \eyco irpcoTOV fiev TO 69 iraTepa Kal jjirjTepa rjKov, /jlt) irepX avT0v<; 6veiB6<^ Ti dvacpalvoLTO, eW ol tovtwv >yoveL<; Kai TptTOV yevo<i €9 dvo), /jlt] v/SpiaTt]*; Ti9 rj aKpaTrj^; rj ')(p7]/jLaTLaTrj<; dBi,Ko<;. oTav Be /jL7]Be/jiLa ovXr] irepl TOVTOV^ dva(f)aiV7]Tai, fjuyBe dTLyfia oXft)9 fJir^Bev, , avTov 7]B7] Biopdv TOV veov Kal /Saaavl^ecv, irpMTOv 1 fxev, el /jLvi]/jL0vifc6^, elra, el /caTa (pvaiv alBrjiMoov, aXkd fiT) ifkaTTOfievo'^ tovto, /irj fxeOvaTiKO'^ fir) \i')(yo<^ /jlt) dXa^cbv firj (f)LX6yeXo)<; /jlt) Opacrv^; fit] (j)iXoXoiBopo(;, el 7raTpo<; vittjkoo'^ el ixrjTpo^ el BiBacr/cdXcov el rraiBayodyoiv, eirl Trdaiv, el firj KaKo<; irepl ttjv eavTOv copav. ra fiev Brj tcov yetva/jievcov avTov /cat oc eKeivov^ iyeivavTo, eK jiapTvpcdv dvaXeyovTai Kal ypafi/jidTcov, a Brj/jLoaia K€tTai. eireiBdv yap TeXevTrjar} 6 ^\vB6<i, (J^olto, eirl 6vpa<; avTOv fxia dp^r) TeTay/ievrj viro rcot' vofjifDv dvaypd^ecv avTov, 0)9 e^ico, Kal '\jrevaa- 194


LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK 11


XXX

Now among us few engage in philosophy, and chap. they are sifted and tried as foUow^s : A young man so soon as he reaches the age of eighteen, and this I think is accounted the time *of full age among you also, must pass across the riv^er Hyphasis to the men whom you are set upon visiting, after first making a public statement that he will become a philosopher, so that those who wish to may exclude him, if he does not approach the study in a state of purity. And by pure I mean, firstly, in respect of his parentage, that no disgraceful deed can be proved against either his father or his mother ; next that their parents in turn, up to the third generation, are equally pure, that there was no ruffian among them, no debauchee, nor any unjust usurer. And when no scar or reproach can be proved against them, nor any other stain whatever, then it is time narrowly to inspect the young man himself and test him, to see firstly, whether he has a good memory, and secondly, whether he is modest and reserved in disposition, and does not merely pretend to be so, whether he is addicted to drink, or greedy, or a quack, or a buffoon, or rash, or abusive, to see whether he is obedient to his father, to his mother, to his teachers, to his school-masters, and above all, if he makes no bad use of his personal attractions. The particulars then of his parents and of their progenitors are gathered from witnesses and from the public archives. For whenever an Indian dies, there visits his house a particular authority charged by the law to make a record of him, and of how he

195 o 2


FLAVILS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP; l.iev(p rj yjrevaOevrc tw dp^ovri iinrc/jLcoaiv ol vofiOL /JLT) ap^at avTov eri apxw /^^^e/xta^', (h<; irapa- iroLTjcravTa jBiov avOpcoirov, ra he tojp i^rj^cdv e? avTOv<^ opo)VTes dvafiavOdvovcri' irdXXa fxev yap ocpOaXfjiol t6)v dv6 pcdTreiOiv jjOmv epfxrjvevovcn, TToXXa 8' iv 6(f)pv(7i fcal irap€Lal<; /cecTaL yvcofia-

T€V€LV T€ KOl Oewpelv, d(j) 0)V (70^01 T€ KOl (pVCTlKol

avSp€<i, axTTrep iv /caroTTTpco eiSayXa, tou<? vov<; TMV dvdpcoTTCov SiaOecovTaL. fieydXcov yap Srj d^LOVfievy]'^ ^i\oao(^ia<^ evravOa, /cal tl/jLtjv tovtov •nap 'Ii^8ot9 e^oz^To?, dvayK^j irdaa eK^aaavt^ecrOai T€ TOV<; iir avrrjv lovra^ iXey^oi^; re vTro^e^Xrj- aOac fjLvpLOL<;. co? jiiev Srj eVl SLhacr/cdXoi^ avro TTOiov/jieOa Kal 69 BoKLfiacriav - rjfjLiv to ^iXoaoi^elv TjKei, cra^w9 €ipr)Ka, roufiov he mSg e^ef.


XXXI

CAP. ^KyoD fxev irdirirov /3a(TiXe&)9 eyevofirjv, 09 r)v fiOL 6/jLa)vvfjbO<;, 7raT/909 he IhicoTOV' fcaTa\eL(pdel<; yap KOfjiihfj veo<; eTriTpoiroL fiev avrw eyevovTO hvo TMV ff 776^'wi^ Kara tov<; tmv ^Ivhcov vofiovi, eTTparrov he virep avrov ra ^aaiXtKa ov XPV- o'Tft)9, /Jid Tov "YiXtov, ovhe ^v fjupber pu>^ , 06 ev ffapeU T069 v7rr)fc6oL<; icpalvovTO Kal rj dpxv /ca/cco<; r/Kove. ^vcrrdvT€(; ovv eir avrov^ tmv hwaroiv tlv6<; iinTiOevTai (7(j)i(nv iv eoprfj Kai

196


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

livedj and if this officer lies or allows himself to be chap. deceived^ he is condemned by the law and forbidden ^ ever to hold another office, on the ground that he has counterfeited a man's life. But the particulars of the youths themselves are duly learnt by inspection of them. For in many cases a man's eyes reveal the secrets of his character, and in many cases there is material for forming a judgment and appraising his value in his eyebrows and cheeks, for from these features the dispositions of people can be detected by wise and scientific men, as images are seen in a looking-glass. For seeing that philosophy is highly esteemed in this country, and it is held in honour by the Indians, it is absolutely necessary that those who take to it should be tested and subjected to a thousand modes of proof. That then we proceed thus in the case of teachers, and put their philo- sophical aptitude to a test, I have clearly explained ; and now I will relate to vou my own historv.


XXXI


Mv grandfather was king, and had the same name chap.

XXXI

as myself; but my father was a private person. For , , . he was left quite young, and two of his relations his history were appointed his guardians in accordance with the ^poUonius laws of the Indians. But they did not carry on the king's government honestly on his behalf. No. by the Sun, but so unfairly that their subjects found their regime oppressive and the government fell into bad repute. A conspiracy then was formed against them by some of the magnates, who attacked them

197


FLAVIUS PHILOSIIlATUS

CAP, KTeivovdL Tw ^Ivhay OvovTa<;, avroi re i7recnT7)^r)(Tav-

XXXI ^ >/ ' '

T69 TW ap^etv ^vvea^ov ra KOivd. heiaavTe^ ovv 01 ^vyyevel'^; irepl tw irarpl /jLijiro) efCKaiSefca err] yeyovoTL irefJUTrovaiv avrov virep rov'^Tcpacnv irapa Tov ifCGL ^aaCkea. TrXeiovcov Se rj iyw ap')(€L koI evBaifjicov rj x^P^ irapa ttoXv tt}? ivravOa. ^ov\o- fjbevov 8' avTov tov ^aaCkew^ iralha TroLelaOai, tovtI fiev TTapr)Tr)aaTO ^rjaa<i p^r] (piXoveiKclv rfj TV^JJ d(f)r)p7]p.evr} avrbu to dp^^Lv, iherjdri K avrov ^vjx^PV^^^ ^^ (jii'Xoaocprjaat fSahiaavTi irapa T0v<; (TO(j)ov(;, Kal jap av Kal paov Kaprepijaai ra oiKOt KaKa. ^ov\op,evov he tov ^aac\eco<; Kal Kurdyeiv avTov eVl Tr)V 'jTaTp(pav dp-)(rjv, " el yv7jalco<;,^^ e^rj, " (ptXoaocpovvTa ataOoLo, Karaye, el Be p,rj, ea pie ovto)<; e^eii^." avro^; ovv 6 /SaatXev^; tJkcov irapa tov<; aoi^ov^ p^eydXcou av e<j)7] irap avTMV TV^j^lv, el tov iraiSof; einp,eX7]0elev yevvacov TTjv <j)V(7Lv ijBrj ovTO<;, ol he KaTiBovTe^ tl ev avT(p irXeov r)(7irdaavT0 irpoaSovval ol r^? avTMV (70(pia<;, Kol irpoOvp.a)<; eiralBevov irpoaKelp^evov irdvv Tft) piavOdveLV. e/SBop^w Be eTei voawv o IBaaiXev^, ore By Kal ereXevTa, pLeTairepLireiai avTov Kal KOLvcovov T^9 dp')(fj<^ dirocf)aivei tm viro, T7]v Te OvyaTepa opboXoyet irpo<; Mpav ovaav, o Be, eiretBrj tov tov fSaatXecof; vlov elBe KoXdKwv koi

ol'vOV Kal TOn> TOLOVTCOV KaKMV 7]TTC0 pL€(JT0V T€

viroylricov 7r/?09 avrov, " o"u yLteV," ecf)7], " ravr' ey^e 198


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

at a festival and slew them when thev were sacri- chap, ficmg to the river Indus. The conspirators then seized upon the reins of government and held the State together. Now my father's kinsmen enter- tained apprehensions for him, because he was not yet sixteen years of age, so they sent him across the Hy- phasis to the king there. And he has more subjects than I have, and liis country is much more fertile than this one. This monarch wished to adopt him, but this my father declined on the ground that he would not struggle with fate that had robbed him of his kingdom ; but he besought him to allow him to take his way to the sages and become a philosopher, for he said that this would make it easier for him to bear the reverses of his house. The king however being anxious to restore him to his father's kingdom, my father said : " If you see that I am become a genuine philosopher, then restore me ; but if not, let me remain as I am." The king accordingly went in person to the sages, and said that he would lie under great obligation to them if they would take care of a youth who already showed such nobility of character, and they, discerning in him something out of the common run, were delighted to impart to him their wisdom, and were glad to educate him when they saw liow addicted he was to learning. Now seven years afterwards the king fell sick, and at the very moment when he was dying, he sent for my father, and appointed him co-heir in the government with his own son, and promised his daughter in marriage to him as she was already of marriageable age. And my father, since he saw that the king's son was the victim of flatterers and of wine and of such like vices, and was also full of suspicions of himself, said to

199


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. KoX Tr}? cip')(fj^ airdar)^ ifxc^opov, koI 'yap evrjde^; XXXI ^•vv / ' '"' a ■\ f ' n

jjLT^oe TTjv 7rpoar)KOvaav eavTO) paaLKeiav KTrjaaauai,

hwrjOevra $paaeco<; SoKecv eirl r-qv fxr) TrpoarjKOvaav

rjKeiv, ifjbol he ttjv dSeXcprjv SlSov, tovtl yap /jlovov

d7r6')(pr} fioi TMV acov. Kal Xa/Scov rov jd/jbov e^r)

TrXrjaiov tmv crocpayv ev Koofiai^ eTrrd (EvSal/jLOcriv,

a9 eTreScoKC rfj dS€\(pr] 6 ^aaCKev'^ e? ^(ovrjv.

yuypo/jLat toivvv iycb tov ydfiov tovtov Kal fie 6

Trarrjp rd '^WtJvcov Traihevaa<=; dyec irapd rovs

ao(j>ov<; TTpb rjXiKia^ Laco<;, ScoScKa ydp jmol rore

rjv err}, ol he eTpe(f)OV caa Kal eavrcov iralha, ol"?

yap dv vTToSe^covTaL Tr}v ^YlKXrjvcov <^o)vr]V elSora^;,

dyaTTcoat ixdWov, co? e? to oixorfOe^ avTOL<; i]Si]

Trpoar)KOVTa<i.


XXXII

CAP. ^A.iTo6av6vT(ov he iioi Kal tmv yovewv ov aera-

XXXII

TToXij dWijXcov, avTOL fie ^ahicravra eirl ra? Kco/Lia^ eKeXevaav eTnfJbeXrjOrjvaL twv i/jbavrov yeyovora evveaKaiheKa errj. ra? /xev ovv Kco/jias d(f)rjpr}T6 /jL€ rjhrj o y^prjaro'; 6elo<^ Kal ovhe ra yrjhtd fioi vTreXcTre rd K€KT7j/j,eva rw irarpi, Trdvra ydp ry eavTOV dp')(rj irpoarjKeiv avrd, e/jue h^ dv fieydXcov Trap* avTOv Tv^^ecv, et /xe e(pri ^rjv. epavov ovv ^vXXe^dfxevo^ irapd tmv rr)? fir}Tpo<; direXevOepoiv d.KoXovOov<; el^ov Terra/jas". Kai (jlol dvayiyvM- (TKOVTL TOV? 'Y{paKXelha<; to hpdfia, eTreaTrj t/? evTevOev eTnaToXrjv (f)epo)v irapd dvhpo<; eTnTfjheiov TM iraTpi, 09 p^e eKeXevae hia^dvTa tov "ThpawTi-jv

200


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

him: "Do you keep all this and enjoy the whole chap. Empire as your own ; for it is ridiculous that one who ^^^^ could not even keep the kingdom which belonged to him should presume to meddle with one which does not ; but give me your sister^ for this is all I want of yours." So having obtained her in marriage he lived hard by the sages in seven fertile villages which the king bestowed upon his sister as her pin-money. I then am the issue of this marriage, and my father after teaching me Greek brought me to the sages at an age, somewhat too early perhaps, for I was only twelve at the time, but they brought me up like their own son ; for any that they admit knowing the Greek tongue they are especially fond of, because they consider that in virtue of the similarity of his disposition he already belongs to themselves.


XXXII

And when my parents had died, which they did chap. almost together, the sages bade me repair to the villages and look after my own affairs, for I was now restoration nineteen years of age. But, alas, my good uncle had tohisgranfi- already taken away the villages, and didn't even leave throne me the few acres my fatlier had acquired ; for he said that the whole of them belonged to his kingdom, and that I should get more than I deserved if he spared my life. I accordingly raised a subscription among my mother's freedmen, and kept four retainers. And one day when I was reading the play called "The Children of Hercules," a man presented himself from my own country bringing a letter from a person devoted to my father, who urged me to cross

20I


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. TTora/jLov ^vyyiyveaOat oi irepl rr;? «/3%^9 t?}? ivravOa, TroXXa? yap eXmSa? elval fJuoL avaKrr]- aaadai avrrjv fir) eKivvovTi. to fiev 8r) hpajia Oecov Ti? olfiaL eVl vovv ^yaye /cat elirofir^v rfj (jyij/jiT], Bia^a<; Be rov Trorafjiov top fxev erepov rcov ^ejSiacr/jLevcov €9 ryv cLp')(r]v reOvdvat, ijKovaa, rov Be erepov ev tol<; ^aatXeLoi<; TroXcop/ceto-Oai tovtols:. e^copovv Bt] ^vvreLvcov fcal ^omv 7rpo<^ toi'9 ev rat? K(op,ai,<;, Bi Mv e(TTeL')(ov, w? o rov Betvo<; eirjv 1^/09 Kol eirl Tr)v dp'^rjv tyjv efxavTOv ioi/jli, 01 Be %at/90i^Te9 re koI daTra^o/jLevol /xe irpovrre/xTrov iraparfkrjcnov r\yov}xevoi rep TraTTTro), ey^^eipiBid re rjv avroL<; /cat ro^a, koI rrXelov^ del eyiyvofJieOa, Kol rrpoaeXOovra rai<; irvKai^ ovrco ri dafxevoi iBe^avro ol evravOa, 0)9 diro rov ficofMov rov 'HXlov BdBa<i dyjrd/jbevoL irpo rrvXcov re rjKeiv kol rjyetadat Bevpo e(f)Vfivovvre<=; TroWa tw rrarpt kol ra> TrdTTTTO), rov Be eaco K7}(f)rjva irepi^ ro rel')(o'^ eKkrjaav Kairoi e/jbov irapaLrovfievov /iirj roLwBe rpoTTw diroOavelv avrov.'


XXXIII

CAP. "TrroXaScov ovv 6 KttoWcovlo^, " 'HpaA:Xe^8ft)i^,"

XXXIII

e(^r;, '* KdOoBov aTe%^'W9 BieXTjXvOas, fcal eiraLvereoi ol Oeol rr}<; Biavola^;, on yevvaiM dvBpl errl ra eavTov (Trei')(pvri ^vvijpavro ri}<; KaOoBov. dXX eicelvo pbOL irepl row (T0<f)0)v elrre' ov Kal vrro AXe^dvBpfp TTore eyevovro ouroi Kal dva^l^evre^; 202


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

the river Hydraotes and confer with him about my chap. present kingdom ; for he said there Mas a good ^^^^^ prospect of my recovering it, if I wavered not. I cannot but think that some god set me on reading this drama at the moment, and I followed the omen; and having crossed the river I learnt that one of the usurpers of the kingdom was dead, and that the other was besieged in this very palace. Accordingly I hurried forward, and proclaimed to the inhabitants of the villages through which I })assed that I was the son of so and so, naming my father, and that I was come to take possession of my own kingdom ; but they received me with open arms and escorted me, recognising my resemblance to my grandfather, and they had daggers and weapons, and our numbers increased from day to day. And when I approached the gates the population received me with such enthusiasm that they snatched up torches off the altar of the Sun and came before the gates and escorted me hither with many hymns in praise of my father and grandfather. But the drone that was within they walled up, although I protested against his being put to such a death."


XXXIII

Here Apollonius interrupted and said : " You have chap. exactly played the part of the restored sons of Hercules ^^^^ in the play, and praised be the gods who have helped S^t\?^*^^^ so noble a man to come by his own and restored you Brahman by their providential intervention. But tell me this visited" by^ about these sages : Avere they not once actually subject ^exandei to Alexander, and were they not brought before him

203


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. avT(p irepl rov ovpavov icpiXoaocpTjaav ; " *' O^v-

XXXIII (s/ >5>/j ic '> '^ "^ ^^v >'/3 "^

bpaKai, ecpT), eKSLVOi fjaav, to oe euvo<; tovto iXevOepm^ei re del koX TroXe/jLLKco^; i^-^prvraiy (TO(f>iav T€ pL€Ta')(eipL^€(T6ai (paatv ovSev 'x^pijaTov elBore^;' ol 3e are^t'O)? ao(pol Kelvrai /juev rod 'T(j)d(TcSo<; KoX Tov Tdyyov jjueaoL, rrjv Be ')(a)pav ravrrjv ovSe eirrfkOev o AXe^avSpo'^, ovtl ttov ra ev avrfj Belaas, dX)C, oifxat, rd lepd direai^iJirivev avT(p. ei be /cat otepr} rov \<pacnv /cat r-qv irepi avTOV^ 'yrjv rjhvvi)Or] eXelv, dWd Trjv <ye rvpcriv, rjv eKelvoL KaTOLKovdiv, ovh' dv fivplov^; jiev 'Ap^^XXea?, Tpt(T/jLVpLOv<i Be AHavra^; dycov irore i')(^eLpcoaaTo' ov yap jid')(pvTaL toI^ irpocreXOovaiv, dWa Bio(T7)/jLiaL<; T€ Kol (TK7)iTTol<; PdWovTe^ diTOKpovovTai (7(f)d^ lepol Koi 6€0(j>t\eL<; ovre^;' rov yovv 'HpUKXea tov Alyvir- Tiov fcal TOV Aiovvaov ^vv oTrXoi^; Sia8pa/jL0VTa<; to ^IvScov eOvo'^ (j^aal fxev iroTe eXdcrai eir avTOVs dfxa fL7)')(avd^ T€ TraXa/jirjaaaOat fcal tov y^wpiov diro- ireipdaOai, ol Be dvTiirpdTTeiv ovBev, dXX dTpe- fjuelv, ft)9 eKeivoi^ i<paivovTo, eirel B* avTol irpoarje- aav, 7rp7]o-Trjp€<; avTov<; direcocravTO fcal ^povTal KUTco aTpe(f)6/x€vac /cat ifJumrrTovnai TOi<; birXots, TTjv T€ daiTiBa y^pvai^v ovaav diro^aXelv eKel XeyeTUt 6 ^HpaKXij^, koX Treiroir^vTat auTyv dvd- Orjfjia ol (To<f)ol Bid re ttjv tov ^}ipafcXeov<; Bo^av, Bid T€ TO eKTVTTcofjia tT/? dcTTTiBo^' ctuTo? ydp TreTToi'^iTai 6 'Hpa/^X?}? opl^cov Ta TdBeipa fcai Ta opt) (jT)]Xa<; 7roLovp.evo<; tov tg Qfceavov is Ta eaw

204


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS., BOOK II

to philosophise about the heavens?" "Those were ctL\^p. the Oxydrakae/' he said^ "but this race has always ^^-^-^^'^ been independent and well equipped for war ; and they say that they attempted, yet never acquired any real knowledge of wisdom. But the genuine sages live between the Hyphasis and the Ganges, in a country which Alexander never reached ; not I imagine, because he was afraid of what was in it, but, I think, because the omens warned him against it. But if he had crossed the Hypliasis, and had been able to take the surrounding country, he could cei^tainly never have taken possession of their castle in whicli they live, not even if he had had ten thousand like Achilles, and thirty thousand like Ajax behind him ; for they do not do battle with those who approach them, but they repulse them with prodigies and thunderbolts which they send forth, for they are holy men and beloved of the gods. It is related, anyhow, that Hercules of Egypt and Dionysus after they had overrun the Indian people with their arms, at last attacked them in company, and that they constructed engines of war, and tried to take the place by assault; but the sages, instead of taking the field against them, lay quiet and passive, as it seemed to the enemy ; but as soon as the latter approached they were driven off by rockets of fire and thunderbolts which were hurled obliquely from above and fell upon their armour. It was on that occasion, they say, that Hercules lost his golden shield, and the sages dedicated it as an offering, partly out of respect for Hercules' reputa- tion, and partly because of the reliefs upon the shield. For in these Hercules is represented fixing the frontier of the world at Gadira, and turning the

205


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. eiTLairciyfjLevo'^t oOev hrfKovTai firj rov %7)^alov tipaKXea, rov oe Aiyvmiov eiri ra i aoeipa iXOelv /cat opiarrjv yeviaOac Trj<; 77)9."


XXXIV

,^P- , Toiavra BiaXeyofiivcov avrcov iiTTJXdev 6 vfiPO<; avXu) a/ma, epofxevov oe rov AttoXXcdvlov rov' ^acriXea, 6 n iOeXot 6 /cw/zo?, " 'Iz^Sot," e^-^, " 7rapaLV€(T€L^ rch /SaaiXei aBovaiv, iTreiBav tt/jo? Tftj KadevSeLV ylyvt]rat, ovelpaai re dya6oL<i XP^' (jOaL y^prjarov re avia-raaOat koX ev^vfi/SoXov rol^; vTrrjKooL'^r ** TTw? ovv, €(f)rj, " o) f3acnXev, Btd- KeicraL tt/jo? ravra ; ae yap ttov avXavatv." *' ov fcarayeXcoT e(f)rj, " Sel yap rrpoaieaOaL avra rov vo/iiov €V6Kev, Trapacveaeco^; fievroc fjurjBe/jicd^ Sel- aOaL, oaa yap av 6 ^aaiXev^ /jLerpi(o<; re teal XPV- aro)<; rrpdrrrj, ravra eavra> hrjirov yapielrai fjbdXXov Yj rot<; v7r7]/cooi<i. '


XXXV

CAP. Tocavra ScaXex^^vre<;, dveTravaavro, eirel Be

XXXV ,, 'J/ >^'o^^>j.' >

rj/juepa vrrecpaivero, avro<; pacnXev^; acpiKero €9

TO B(Ofidriov» S ivcKdOevBov 01 irepl rov ^ AttoXXco-

viov, Kal rov a/cu/jLTroBa e7ny^riXa(j>r)(7a^ irpoaelire

206


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

mountains into pillars, and confining the ocean chap. within its bounds. Thence it is clear that it was not the Theban Hercules, but the EgJ^ptian one, that came to Gadira, and fixed the limits of the world."


XXXIV

While thev w^ere thus talking, the strain of the chap.

XXXIV

hymn sung to the flute fell upon their ears, and ' ApoUonius asked the king what was the meaning of to the king their ode. The Indians," he answered, " sing their admonitions to the king, at the moment of his going to bed ; and they pray that he may have good dreams, and rise up propitious and affable towards his subjects." " And how," said ApoUonius, " do you, O king, feel in regard to this matter ? For it is yourself I suppose that they honour with their pipes." " I don't laugh at them," he said, " for I must allow it because of the law, although I do not require any admonition of the kind : for in so far as a king behaves himself with moderation and integrity, he will bestow, I imagine, favours on himself rather than on his subjects."


XXXV

After this conversation they laid themselves down chap. to repose ; but when the day dawned, the king him- ^^^^' self went to the chamber in which ApoUonius and STh?^^^° his companions were sleeping, and gently stroking relation of the bed he addressed the sage, and asked him what divination

207


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

-,^AP re Tov avSpa, koX tjocto avrov, 6 ri evOv/nolro, " ov

yap TTov /caOevSet^, elirev, "v8o)p irivwv fcal /cara-

yeXcov tov olvovT *' ov yap KaOevSecv ^7^/' €(prj,

rov<; TO vocop invovTa^ ; Kauevoeiv fiev, ecprj,

"XCTTTOV Se VTTVOV, OVirep UKpOl^ aVTMV T0t9 0^- OaXflOL's i(f)L^dv€LV (f)0)/jL6V, OV Tti) VwT '* ClfjLCpOTe-

poL<;, ' elite, " KoX iao)<; tw vm fxaXkoV el yap /x?; aTpepLr^aei 6 vov<;, ov8e vTroSe^ovTai oi 6(j)0a\/jLol TOV VTTVOV' ol yovv /jiefjirjvoTef} ov8e Ka6evSeiv Sv- vavTat hi a ttjv tov vov irrjhr^aiv, a)OC e? dWa Kal dXXa a'mov(Trj<^ t?}9 evvoia<^ yopyoTspov re ava/3Xe- TTovat Kal avaiSeaTepov, Mcnrep ol dvTrvoi tcov hpa/c6vT(t)v. iirel tolvvv, m ffaatXev," elire, " (Ta<pcos rjpfiijvevTat to tov vttvov epyov Kal cLTTa hrfKovTaL avT(p toc(; avOpcoTTOt^;, aKeyjrco/jieOa, tl jxeioveKTrjaei ev tw virvco tov ixe6vovTO<^ o to vhcop , TTivcovy *' /JLT] (TO(pi^ov," 6^7] 6 ^aatkev^, " el yap \ fxeOvovTa viroOrjar), ov KaOevhrjaei tovto, jSaK- yevovaa yap rj yvco/ii] aTpof^rjaei re avTov Kal Tapa')(rj<; ifi7r\7]aei' hoKovai tol Trayre? ol eK /jLeOr}<; KaTaSapdelv iretpcii/jLevoL civaTrefiTrecrOai Te 69 TOV 6po(j)ov, Kal av viroyeioi elvai hivrfv Te i/jLTreTTTCOKevaL a^iaLV, ola hr] irepi tov 'l^lova XeyeTat ^v/jb^alveiv. ovkovv ol^lo) tov fieOvovTa, aXkd TOV ireircoKOTa juuev tov olvov, vrjcfyovTa 8e Oecopelv, ft)? KaOevSijcrei Kal 609 ttoWw j3e\TL0v tov aoivov.


208


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS/BOOK II

he was thinking about. " For/' he said^ " I don't chap, imagine you are asleep, since you drink water and ^^^^ despise wine." Said the other : " Then you don't think that those who drink water go to sleep ? ' ' " Yes/' said the king, ^' they sleep, but with a very light sleep, which just sits upon the tips of their eyelids, as we say, but not upon their minds." '^ Nay with both do they sleep," said Apollonius, " and perhaps more with the mind than with the eyelids. For unless the mind is thoroughly composed, the eyes will not admit of sleep either. For note how madmen are not able to go to sleep because their mind leaps with excitement, and their thoughts run coursing hither and thither, so that their glances are full of fury and morbid impulse, like those of the dragons who never sleep. Since then, O king," he went on, " we have clearly intimated the use and function of sleep, and what it signifies for men, let us examine whether the drinker of water need sleep less soundly than the drunkard." '^'^Do not quibble," said the king, " for if you put forward the case of a drunkard, he, I admit, will not sleep at all, for his mind is in a state of revel, and whirls him about and fills him with uproar. All, I tell you, who try to go to sleep when in drink seem to themselves to be rushed up on to the roof, and then to be dashed down to the ground, and to fall into a whirl, as they say happened to Ixion. Now I do not put the case of a drunkard, but of a man who has merely drunk wine, but remains sober ; I wish to consider whether he will sleep, and how much better he will sleep than a man who drinks no wine"


209

VOL. I. P


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


XXXVI


SJ^yr KaXeVa? ovu 6 ^ A7roWa)VLO(; rov \d[jbiv, " 7rp6<i heivov dvSpa,^' e^r), " o Xoyo^ koI acj^oSpa yeyv- fjLvacr/jLevop rov StaXeyeaOat.^^ " opM^ e(j)7], " koI TOVT lao)^ rjv to fjiekajjurvyov rv^elv. Kafie he irdvv alpel o X070?, ov ecpr/KeP' copa ovv ctol d(f)v- irvLcravrt diroTeXelv avrov, * dvaKov(f)Lcra<i ovv rrji' /c€(j)aXr)p 6 ^AiroWcovio^;, " Kal firjv oaovr €(f)i], " ifXeoveKTOvfiev 01 to vBcop 7rivovT€<; tt/oo? to KaO- evBecv rjBtov, 670) BrjXcoaco tov ye crov Xoyov e^o- fxevo^^' ci)9 P'ev yap TeTdpa/CTac rj yvcofxr] Toh fieOv- ovai Kal fxavLKOiTepov BiaKeiVTao, cracjya)^ eiprjKa^, opM/uuev yap roi/? p^edrj KaT€(7'^7)/iievov(; BtTTa^; jxev aeXrjva'^ So/covvTa<^ ^Xeireiv, hiTTov^ he rjXiov^;, tov<; he rJTTOv TreTTw/cora?, fcav Trdvv vrj^waiv, ovhev fxev TOVToov r)yov/jLevov<;, jieaTOV^i he ev(f)poavv7](; Kal rjhovrjf;, r) hrj irpoairiTTTeL (tcj^lctlv ovhe e^ evTrpayia^ 7roX\dKi<^, Kal fieXeTcocrc he ol tolovtol hiKas ovhe (pOey^dfievol ttco ev hiKao-rrjpla}, Kal TrXovjelv (^aaw ovhe hpa')(fjLrj<; avTols evhov ovarjf;. TavTa he, m /SaaiXev, jxavLKa irdOrf Kal yap avTo to 7]hecr6at, htaKLvel TTjv yvcofiijv Kal ttoXXou? olha tmv a(^6hpa rjyov/jLevcov ev TTpdTTecv ovhe KaOevhecv hwafievov^, aXX' eKTTTjhcjvTa^i tov vttvov, Kal tovt dv eirj to irape^eiv (j>povTiha<; Kal Tayadd. ecTTi he Kal


210




LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II


XXXVI

Apollonius then summoned Damis^ and said: 'Tis chap. a clever man with whom we are discussing and one '

A.11 effects

thoroughly trained in argument." "I see it is so/' of drinking

said Damis_, "and perhaps this is what is meant t)y J^^^g^^^^J^,

the phrase ' catching a Tartar.' But the argument sound

excites me very much^ of which he has delivered ^^'^"***'^"

himself; so it is time for you to wake up and finish

it." Apollonius then raised his head slightly and

said : " Well I will prove^ out of your own lips and

following your own argument^ how much advantage

we who drink water have in that we sleep more

sweetly. For you have clearly stated and admitted

that the minds of drunkards are disordered and are

in a condition of madness ; for we see those who

are under the spell of drink imagining that they see

two moons at once and two suns^ while those who

have drunk less^ even though they are quite sober,

while they entertain no such delusions as these, are yet

full of exultation and pleasure ; and this fit of joy often

falls upon them, even though they have not had any

good luck, and men in such a condition will plead

cases, although they never opened their lips before

in a law-court, and they will tell you they are rich,

although they have not a farthing in their pockets.

Now these, O king, are the affections of a madman.

For the mere pleasure of drinking disturbs their

judgment, and I have known many of them who

were so firmly convinced that they were well off,

that they were unable to sleep, but leapt up in their

slumbers, and this is the meaning of the saying that

^good fortune itself is a reason for being anxious.'

211

p 2


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP (fidpfjiaKa virvov /jLe/jbrj'^avrj/jLeva Tol<i dv6pa)7roi<;, U)V inovTe^ T€ KoX dXecyfrdfievoc KadevSovaip ifcrec- vavr€<; avrov^ Mairep diroOavovTe^;, oOev fxerd rLvo<; Xijdrjf; dvlaravrai /cal dWoae iroi fiaXkov eicnv rj ovirep elvat SoKovaLi>. on fxev Brj rd Trcvofieva, fidWov Se rd iiravrXovpLeva rrj '^v^fj koI rep aco/jLaTi ov yvrjatov ov^e olfcelov iTreadyerac rbv vTTvov, dX>C fj ^aOvv koX rj/ncOvrjra rj Ppa')(pv Kol Siao-TTio/jLevov viro rcbv ivrpe'^^^ovrcov, Kav ')(pr)crTd fjy ^vvOrjdrj rd'^a, el pur] to Bvaept pidWov rj to ipiCTTiKov a7rovhd^€C<;. ol Be epLol ^vpLiroTaL Ta pLev ovTa opcoaiv 009 ovTa, Td Be ovk ovTa ovt dvaypd(f)ovaiv avTol<; ovO vTroTVirovvTai, Kov(f)Oi re ovTTO} eoo^av, ovoe pueaToi pXa/ceia<; ovoe evr]Ueia<i rj l\apot)Tepot tou irpocnJKOVTo^;, dW e<^e<TTr}KOTe<; elal Kol XoytapLov ifkew, TrapaTrXrjaioL BelXyf; re Kol OTTOTe dyopd irXrjOeLy ov ydp vvcTTd^ovaLv ovTot, Kav TToppco TMV vvKTOiv aiTovBd^coaLv. ov ydp e^codel avT0v<; 6 i/ttz^o? ScrTrep Becr7r6Tr]<; jBpiaa^ 69 Tov avykva BeBovXcopLevov viro tov oivov, dXX iXevdepoi re koX opOol (paivovTat, KaTaBap6evTe<^ Be KaOapa Trj 'yfrv)(i] Bi'^ovTat tov vttvov ovtc viro TO)v evTrpaytcov dvaKovcfu^opuevot avTOV ovt€ viro KaKOTT payia^i tlvo<; iKOpcoa/covTe^;. ^vpbpbeTpo^ ydp TTpo^ dpi(l)co TavTa yjrv^r} vq^ovaa koL ovBeTepov TMV TTaOoyv rjTTOiv, 66ev fcaOevBet r^Bia-Ta koI dXv- TTOTaTa pur) e^tcTTapLevr) tov virvov.

2T2


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

Men Iiave also devised sleeping draughts, by drink- chap. ing or anointing themselves with which, people at ^^^^' once stretch themselves out and go to sleep as if they were dead ; but when they wake up from such sleep it is with a sort of forgetfulness, and they imagine that they are anywhere rather than where they are. Now these draughts are not exactly drunk, but I would rather say that they drench the soul and body ; for they do not induce any sound or proper sleep, but the deep coma of a man half dead, or the light and distracted sleep of men haunted by phantoms, even though they be wholesome ones ; and you will, I think, agree with me in this, unless you are disposed to quibble rather than argue seriously. But those who drink water, as I do, see things as they really are, and they do not record in fancy things that are not ; and they were never found to be giddy, nor full of drowsiness, or of silliness, nor unduly elated ; but they are wide awake and thoroughly rational, and always the same, whether late in the evening or early in the morning when the market is crowded ; for these men never nod, even though they pursue their studies far into the night. For sleep does not drive them forth, pressing down like a slave-holder upon their necks, that are bowed down by the wine ; but you find them free ai>d erect, and they go to bed with a clear, pure soul and welcome sleep, and are neither buoyed up by the bubbles of their own private luck, nor scared out of their wits by any adversity. For the soul meets both alternatives with equal calm, if it be sober and not overcome by either feeling ; and that is why it can sleep a delightful sleep untouched by the sorrows which startle others from their couches.

213


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


XXXVII


CAP. Kal firjv KoX TO fjbavTLKov TO eK Tcov ovetpaTcov, o

XXXVII

OetOTarov rcbv avO pwirivwy BoKel, paov Siopa /mt) ^vvTeOoXcofievrj viro rod Oivov, aW' ciKijpaTO<; he')(oixev7] avTO koI irepiaOpovaa' ol 'yovv i^yyrjral TMV o-yjreayv, ou? oveipoiTokov^ ol iroLrfral KaXovcnv, ovK av vTTOKpivotVTO oyjrtv ovhefjuiav /jlt] irporepov epofievoi Tov Kaipov, ev c5 elSeu. av jiev yap ewo? ?7 Kal TOV irepl tov opdpov vttvov, ^v pL^dWovTai avTTjv ft)? vyiM^; pavTevopievrj<; Tr]<; '^v)(^7]<;, eneihav (iTTOppvyjnjTaL tov olvov, el 8' dp,^l irpcoTOv vttvov rj p,6aa<; vv/cTa^, 6t€ fie/SvOcaTaL re koI ^vvt€-

OoXcOTaC €Ti VTTO TOV OCVOV, TVapaLTOVVTai TTjV

vTTOKpLcnv ao(f>ol 6vTe<;. &)9 3e fcal tol<; Oeol^; SokcI TavTa Kal to y^pr^cr pLwhe^^ iv TaL<; vr}<f)0V(TaL<; '^v')(al<^ TiOevTai, aa(f)co<; 8r]\o)(Tco' iyeveTO, o) /SaatXev, Trap* KWrjaiv ^Aficj^uipecof; dvrjp p^dvTL^. " olha,^^ elire, '* Xeyei^; yap ttov tov tov OIk\€ov<;, ov i/c %7}P6)V iiravLovTa iirecnrdcraTO y yi) ^vTa.^^

    • ovTO<;, M ^acnXev, ecprj, " pbavTev6p,evo<^ iv ttj

W^TTiKT) vvv oveipaTa iirdyei toU '^pcopevoif;, fcal XapovTC^ ol lepei^; tov '^pTjaopievov acTov tc eipyovai p,lav rjp^epav Kal olvov r/oet?, iva hia\apL- TTovar} TTj '^v'^fj TMV Xoylayv (Tirdarj' et Se o Oivo's 214


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 11


XXXVll

And more than this, as a faculty of divination by chap. means of dreams, which is the divinest and most god- ^^^^^^ like of human faculties, the soul detects the truth all todrSklre the more easily when it is not muddied by wine, but valueless for accepts the message unstained and scans it carefully, divination Anyhow, the explainers of dreams and visions, those whom the poets call interpreters of dreams, will never undertake to explain any vision to anyone without having first asked the time when it was seen. For if it was at dawn and in the sleep of morning- tide, they calculate its meaning on the assumption that the soul is then in a condition to divine soundly and healthily, because by then it has cleansed itself of the stains of wine. But if the vision was seen in the first sleep or at midnight, when the soul is still immersed in the lees of wine and muddied thereby, they decline to make any suggestions, if they are wise. And that the gods also are of this opinion, and that they commit the faculty of oracular response to souls which are sober, I will clearly show. There was, O king, a seer among the Greeks called Am- phiaraus." "I know," said the other; '^'^for you allude, I imagine, to the son of Oecles, who was swallowed up alive by the earth on his way back from Thebes." "This man, O king," said Apollonius, " still divines in Attica, inducing dreams in those who consult him, and the priests take a man who wishes to consult him, and they prevent his eating for one day, and from drinking wine for three, in order that he may imbibe the oracles with his soul in a condition of utter transparence. But if wine were

215


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. ayaOov rjv rov vttvov (jxip/jiaKov, eKeXevaev av o

xxxvii iv'\j.' ^ n ^ ^'

cro(po<; A/jL(piapeco<; rof? u€copov<; rov evavrtov

€crK6vaap,6vov<; rpoirov Kal olvov /yecrrou?, oiairep

d/jL(popea<;, 69 to aSvrov avrch (pepeaOat. ttoWcl

3e /cal /JLavTeia Xeyoifi av evSo/ct/jLa Trap* "YiXkrjai

T€ Kal ^ap^dpoL<;, ev oU 6 Upeix; vSaTO<;, aXX'

ov^t otvov (TiTdaa<^ ciTTocpOiyyeTai, rd Sk tov

T/DtVoSo?. OeocpoprjTOv Brj Kafie rjyov Kal Trayra?,

M ^aaiXev, tov<; to vBcop Trivovraf;' vv/ji(f)6\r]7rTOL

yap r}fjb€L<; Kal ^dK^Oi rov vrj(f)€LV. " Troi^ar)

ovv, ' ecpih *' <^ A7roW(t)VL€, Kajxe OLaacorrjv ; "

" eiTTep /jiT) <popTiKO<;, eiire, " rot? vTrrjKooLf; So^et?*

(piXoaocpLa yap irepi, /SacriXel dvBpl ^vfifieTpof; fiev

Kal vTTaveLfjLevr) OavpbadTrjv epyd^erac Kpaaiv,

coaTrep ev aol StacjiaiveTat, r) 8' dKpi,^r)<; Kal

vTTepTeivovaa <f>opTLKr] re, m ffaaiXev, Kal raireivo-

repa T179 vfJi€Tepa<=; aK7]vrj<; (f)aiveTai Kal rvcj^ov Be

avro TL dv e')(eiv rjyolvro fidaKavocJ'


XXXVIII

CAP. Tavra BiaXe^Oevre^;, Kal yap rj/jiepa ijBi] eivyya- vev, e? TO e^co irpoy^Xuov. Kai ^vvet<; AttoWcovlo^; , ft)9 '^prj/jLaTi^eiv SeoL rov ^aaiXea tt pea ^elai'^ re Kal to?? toiovtol'^, " av p^evT e^'?, " w /SaaiXev, rd TTpoai-jKovTa rrj dp'^i} TTpdrre, e/jue Be rov Kaipov TOVTOv dv€<; TO) HXlo), Bel ydp fie ttjv eW ua pievqv evxv^ ev^aaOai. " Kal aKovoi ye ev)(^ofjuevov,^^ e(f)7], " '^apielrat ydp irdaip, oiroaoL rfj ao^ia rfj

216


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

a good drug of sleep^ then the wise Amphiaraus chap. would have bidden his votaries to adopt the opposite xxxvii regimen^ and would have had them carried into his shrine as full of wine as leathern flagons. And I could mention many oracles^ held in repute by Greeks and barbarians alike^ yhere the priest utters his responses from the tripod after imbibing water and not wine. So you may consider me also as a fit vehicle of the god, O king, along with all who drink water. For we are rapt by the nymphs and are bacchantic revellers in sobriety." '^ Well, then," said the king, " you must make me too, O Apollonius, a member of your religious brotherhood." " I would do so," said the other, "provided only you will not be esteemed vulgar and held cheap by your subjects. For in the case of a king a philosophy that is at once moderate and indulgent makes a good mixture, as is seen in your own case ; but an excess of rigour and severity would seem vulgar, O king, and beneath your august station ; and it might be construed by the envious as due to pride."


XXXVIII

When they had thus conversed, for by this time it chap. was daylight, they went out into the open. And ^^^^'^ Apollonius, understanding that the king had to give -^poUonius' audience to embassies and such-like, said : " You the Sun then, O king, must attend to the business of state, but let me go and devote this hour to the Sun, for I must needs offer up to him my accustomed prayer." " And I pray he may hear your prayer," said the king, ^' for he will bestow his grace on all who find pleasure

217


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. arj yaipovaiv' 6700 he irepLfxevM ere eiraviovra, Kai XXXVIII ^\^ hiKaaai TLvm ypr) BUa<;, ah Traparvxoov ra /jLeycard fxe 6vt](T€L<;.


XXXIX


XXX


CAP. 'ETraveXOcov ovv irpofcex^pVKvla^ rjBr] rrj^ rj^epa^ r/pcora irepl mv ehiKaaev, 6 he, " rij/MepovT e(f>7j, " ovK eUKaaa, ra yap lepa ov ^wexcopet /AOi." vTToXa^fov ovv 6 \\7roW(ovio<;, " ec/)' lepoh ovvT €<t)7], ** TTOielaOe Kal TavTa^, Mcnrep ra? i^oSov^ re Kul Ttt'; aTpaTeLa<; ;" " v^ At'," etTre, "Kal yap ivravOa Kivhvvo^, el 6 hiKa^ayv airevexOeir] rov evOeo<;" ev XeyeLv ra> 'AiroWwyiw eSofe, Kal ripero avrov iraXiv, rt? etj], fjv SiKdaoL BUriv, " opM ydpr el-rrev, " ecpearriKOTa ere Kal diropovvTa, oirrj ^jr7](j)LaaL0. " ofioXoyM^ €(t>r), " d-rropelv, oOev ^vfJLJSovXov TTOLOVfiai ae- direSoro fiev ydp ri^ erepM yrjv, ev y Orjaavpcx; direKeiTO Ti9 ovira) hrj\o<;, XP^^V ^^ varepov rj yi) payelaa XP^^ov TLva dveSei^e ^rJKrjv, r^v (f^rjai fjuev eavrw irpocrr^KeLV fiaWov 6 TTjv yrjv dirohofievo^;, Kal yap ovB' dv diroSoaOai rrjv yrjv, el -rrpovfiaOev, on ^lov cV avrfj exoi, o Trpidfievo^ Be avro^ d^iol ireiTdaOai,^ a ev rfj Xolttov eavrov yfj evpe' Kal BiKaLo<; fiev o d/jL(l)Oiv X070?, evvOji^ 3' dv eyco (t>aLvmfMr)v, et KsXevaacfit d/xcfxjD veipxterOai to xP^^^^^' '^^^'^^ 218


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

ill your wisdom : but I will wait for you until you chap. return, for I have to decide some cases in which your presence will very greatly help me."


XXXIX


Apollonius then returned, when the day was chap.

XXXIX

already far advanced, and asked him about the cases _ , . which he was judging ; but he answered : " To-day I consults have not judged any, for the omens did not allow !j\™^JjJJb*^ me." Apollonius then replied and said : " It is the case then that you consult the omens in such cases as these, just as you do when you are setting out on a journey or a campaign." " Yes, by Zeus," he said, " for there is a risk in this case of one who is a judge straying from the right line." Apollonius felt that what he said was true, and asked him again what the suit was which he had to decide ; " For I see," he said, ^^that you have given your attention to it and are perplexed what verdict to give." ^^ I admit," said the king, " that I am perplexed ; and that is why I want your advice ; for one man has sold to another land, in which there lay a treasure as yet undiscovered, and some time afterwards the land, being broken up, revealed a certain chest, which the person who sold the land says belongs to him rather than to the other, for that he would never have sold the land, if he had known beforehand that he had a fortune thereon ; but the purchaser claims that he acquired everything that he found in land, which thenceforth was his. And both their contentions are just ; and I shall seem ridiculous if I order them

219


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. 'yap av koX ypav^ SiaLT0)7j" viroXa^cop ovv 6

A7ToW(OVlO<;, " ft)9 /iJi€V OV (f)L\ocrO<j)0), €(f)TJ, " Tft)

dvhpe, BrjXol to irepl '^pvauov Bia^epeaOat a(j)d<;, dptara 8* dv julol SiKaaat, B6^€t<; aySe iv6vp.r)6ei<^, ft)9 ol Oeol TTpMTOV fiev eTTLfieKeiav iroiovvTai tmv ^vv aperfi (pLXoao^ovvrcov, hevTspov he tmv ava/jbaprrjrcov re koI firjSev ircoTTore ahiKelv Bo^dv- Tcov. BiSoaai Be Tot? fiev (fnXoaocftovcn, Biayt- yvwaKCLV ev rd Oeld re koX rd dvdp(07T€La, toi<; 5* d\X(o<; 'X^prjCFTol's ^iov d'Tro)(^po)VTa, co? /x^ X^'^^^ TTore TMV dvayKauayv dhiKoi yevcovrar So/cet Sij fJLOi, jSao-tXev, KaOdirep eirl Tpurdvrj^; dvTiKplvai T0VT0V<; fcal tov d/uucfyolv dvaOecoprjo-ai ^iov, ov ydp dv fioi BoKOvcriv ol 6eo\ tov fxev capeXeaOai koL Tr)V yrjv, el fir) <pav\o<; 'qv, tw K av /cal ra vTrb Trj 7§ Bovvai, el /jlt) jSeXTLCov rjv tov diroBo/jLevov.' d<f)iK0VT0 €9 TTjv ixTTepalav BiKaaofJuevoi d/jLcfxo, /cai 6 jjuev d7ToB6/jievo<; vl3pL(TTrj<^ t€ i^Xey^eTO Kal 6vaia<^ eVXeXofc7rco9, a9 eBei T0t9 ev Trj yfj Oeol^ Ovetv, 6 Be eTTieiKri^; re e(j)aLveTo Kal ocncoTaTa depairevwv Tot'9 Oeoix;. eKpaTrjaev ovv rj tov W^TToWcoviov yvco/uL7] Kal dirrj\6ev 6 %/9»7o-to9 ft>9 irapd TMV 6eo)v TavTa e%ft)i^.


220


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

to share the gold between them, for any old woman chap. could settle the matter in that way." Apollonius ^^^^^ thereupon replied as follows : ^' The fact that they are quarrelling about gold shows that these two men are no philosophers ; and you will^ in my opinion, give the best verdict if you bear this in mind, that the gods attach the first importance and have most care for those who live a life of philosophy together with moral excellence, and only pay secondary attention to those who have committed no faults and were never yet found unjust. Now they entrust to philosophers the task of rightly discerning things divine and human as they should be discerned, but to those who merely are of good character they give enough to live upon, so that they may never be rendered unjust by actual lack of the necessaries of life. It seems then to me, O king, right to weigh these men in the balance, as it were, and to examine their respective lives ; for I cannot believe that the gods Avould deprive the one even of his land, unless he was a bad man, or that they would, on the other hand, bestow on the other even what was under the land, unless he was better than the man who sold it." The two claimants came back the next day, and the seller was convicted of being a ruffian who had neglected the sacrifices, which it was his bounden duty to sacrifice to the gods on that land ^ ; but the other was found to be a decent man and a most devout worshipper, of the gods. Accordingly, the opinion of Apollonius prevailed, and the better of the two men quitted the court as one on whom the ffods had bestowed this boon.


»'


^ Or render : the gods of the underworld.

221


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


XL


CAP. 'ETreJ 8e ra TP]<i BiKrj'^ (bSe 6cr^6, irpoaeXOoov 6 ^AttoWcovio^; ray^lvSo), " rrjixepov,^^ eiireu, r) Tpirr) T(t)v rjfxepcov, iv al'i eiroioi) fie, w /BaatXev, ^evov, rfjf; 5' eiTCovarji; eco ^/37; i^eXavvecv eiro/jLevov tcj vofifp. aX\ ovbe o vojjlo'^, enrev, rjor) ciaXeyeraL (Toc, Koi yap rfj avptop fieveiv e^eanv, eTreiSr) fiera fxea^qji^piav a(f)l/covJ' " ^at/9ft),' ecfirj, *' tcG ^cvlo), Kol yap fioL BoK€i<; Kal aocpi^eaOat top vofiov Bi ifiiJ^ " el yap Kal Xvaac avTov '^Bvvdfirjv, elire, '* TO 76 virep aov. aXX' eKelvo fioi elire, ^ KiroXXoi- vie, at KajJbifXoi, €(f) wv o')(^ela9ai ae cf)acnv, ov/c etc ^a^vX(t)vo<; ayovaiv U/U.a9 ; " '* eKeWevT ecpi], oovTO^ ye avTa<^ Uuapoavov. er ovv vfia<;

anrayeiv Bw^aovrac, roaavra 7]Br] ardBia ex Ba/SfXwyo? rjKovaai ; " eo-LoyTrrjae fiev 6 'AttoXXw- vco<i, 6 Be /\dfjLL<;, ovttco crvvLrjcriv,^^ e(f)7), "ay (BacnXev, T^9 diroBrfixia^ o civrjp ovto^;, ovBe to)V edvoyv, ev 0I9 XoLiTov ea/jLev, aXX' &)? 7ravTa')(ov ae re Kal OvapBdvrjV e^wv iraiBiav rjyetTac to e? IvBov'^; irapeXOelv. to toc T(bv KafxrjXwv ov BiofMoXoyecTai 7r/)09 ere, ov e^ec Tpoirov BiaKeiVTat yap ovtco KaKco<;, ft)9 avTal /xaXXov ixf)^ rjficov (pepeaOaL, Kal Bel eTepcop. av yap oKXaawaiv ev eptj/uLO) ttov t7]<; ^IvBiKrjfi, r)iiel<i p^ev^ ecprj, " KaOeBovfieOa Tot'9 yvird^ t€ Kal tov<; Xvkov<; d'7Toaopo\JVTe<; tcov Kafii]- Xa)v, rj/iMv Be ovBel<^ fiTroao/Srjaei, TrpocrairoXov fieO a 222


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II


XL


When the law-suit had been thus disposed of, chap Apollonius approached the Indian, and said: ^^ This ' is the third day, O king, that you liave made me gives the your guest ; and at dawn to-morrow I must quit JjJJ^cameis your land in accordance with the law." " But/' said the otlier, " the law does not yet speak to you thus, for you can remain on the morrow, since you came after midday." " I am delighted," said Apollonius, " with your hospitality, and indeed you seem to me to be straining the law for my sake." " Yes indeed, and I would I could break it," said the king, "in your behalf; but tell me this, Apollonius, did not the camels bring you from Babylon which they say you were riding?" "They did," he said, " and Vardan gave them us." •" Will they then be able to carry you on, after they have come already so many stades from Babylon ? " Apollonius made no answer, but Damis said : " O king, our friend here does not understand anything about our journey, nor about the races among which we shall find ourselves in future ; but he regards our passage into India as mere child's play, under the impression that he Avill everywhere have you and Vardan to help him. I assure you, the true con- dition of the camels has not been acknowledged to you ; for they are in such an evil state that we could carry them rather than they us, and we must have others. For if they collapse anywhere in the wilderness of India, we," he continued, " shall have to sit down and drive off the vultures and wolves from the camels, and as no one will drive them off from


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


CAP. ^apr viroXalBoov ovv 6 l3aaiXev<i, " €70)," €(f>r},

    • TOVTO ld(To/jLac, v/jlIv t€ yoip eripa^ Bcoaco —

rerrdpcov, olfjLat, SeiaOe — Kal 6 a-aTpdirr]^ he iirl Tov ^IvBov 7r€fiyjr€L e? ^a^vXoiva erepa^ rerrapaf;. eari Be /xol dyeXr] Ka^ijXcov iirl tw 'Iy8«, XevKal iraaair " i]'^ep.ova Si, ' elirev Aa/xt9, " ovk av, &) ^aaiXev, hoL7]<i ; " Kal KapirjXov 76," 6<^^, " tw rjfyepbovi Bcoao) kol €(f)6Sta, iinareXo) Be koI Idp'X^a TO) TrpeajSurdra) tmv <70(f)Mv, iv KitoXXwvlov fiev ft)9 firjBev KaKLCi) eavrov Be^rjTat, vfid<; Be co? <l)iXocr6<pov^ re Kal oiraBov'^ dvBpo'^ Oeiov. Kal ')^pvaLov Be eBLBov 6 'Ii^So? Kal ylry^^ov^; Kal oObva<^ Kal fivpia roiavra- 6 Be ' A7roXX(ovios ')(^pvaLov fiev €(f)r) LKavbv eavrw eivat Bovto<; ye Ovap- Bdvov Tc5 rjyefMovi d<^avM<; avre, rd<^ Be 666va<^ Xajx^dveiv, eTreiBr} eoiKacn TpijScovL rcov dp^atcov re Kal irdw ^Attckcjv. jxiav Be rtva rcov '^'^(pcov dveX6pbevo<=;, " o) ^eXrlcTTT], elirev, " (h^i e? Kaipov ae Kal OVK dOeel evprjKa, i(T')(yv, olfxai, Tiva iv avrfi KaOe(opaKoi)<; aTropprjTov re Kal Oeiav. ol Be d/Kpl TOV Ad/jLiv ^pvaiov /Jbev ovB^ avrol irpocrievTO, rcov '\jr^(j)(ov Be LKavci)<; iBpdrrovTO, a)9 6€ol<; dvaOrj- aovre<;, ore iTraviXOoiev e? tcl eavroov i]Or).


XLI

CAP. K^ara/ielvaac Be avrol^ Kal rrjv iircovaav, ov

XLI \ y^f 1 ^ ' 'T ^ ' ^"'C^ V ^ ^

yap /jL€Ui€TO a(po)v Iz^oo?, oLocoac Tr)v 7r/909 tov

^Ydpyav eTTKTToXrjv yeypafifievqv coBe'

224


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II

us, we shall perish too." The kmg answered accord- chap. ingly and said : I will remedy this, for I will give ^^^ you other camels^ and you need four I think, and the satrap ruling the Indus will send back four others to Babylon. But I have a herd of camels on the Indus, all of them white." '^^And, " said Damis, "will you not also give us a guide, O king? " "^^Yes, of course," he answered, and I will give a camel to the guide and provisions, and I will write a letter to larchas, the And a letter oldest of the sages, praying him to welcome Apollon- ^^ i^rchas ius as warmly as he did myself, and to welcome you also as philosophers and followers of a divine man." And forthwith the Indian gave them gold and precious stones and linen and a thousand other such things. And Apollonius said that he had enough gold already, because Vardan had given it to the guide on the sly ; but that he would accept the linen robes, because they were like the cloaks worn by the ancient and genuine inhabitants of Attica. And he took up one of the stones and said : " O rare stone. His gift how opportunely have I found you, and how pro- ^^ ^^^"^ videntially ! " detecting in it, I imagine, some secret and divine virtue. Neither would the companions of Damis accept for themselves the gold ; neverthe- less they took good handfuls of the gems, in order to dedicate them to the gods, whenever they should regain their own country.


XLI

So they remained the next day as well, for the chap. Indian would not let them go, and he gave them a ^^^^ letter for larchas, written in the following terms : —

225

VOL. I. O


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. " Baai\€v<i s>pao)T7](; 'Idpx^ BiSaa/cdXa) koX Toh

XLI \ > v / '

irepi avTov '^aipeiv.

\\.7roW(ovLO<; dvrjp ao(j)(jOTaTO<; aocfyoyrepov^; vfJLa<^ eavTOv rjyeirat. koX /jLadrjcro/jievo'i r}K€i ra vfierepa. irepbTTeTe ovv avrov elSora oiroaa care' 0)9 dTToXetraL ovSev tmv paOrffidrcov vfiiv, kul yap Xeyet dpio-ra dvOpooTrwv koI pLefivrjTai. ISerco oe Kol Tov Opovov, icp' ov KaOiaavTi piot rrjv ^aaiXetav eSco/ca^;, 'lapx^ Trdrep. fcal 01 eirop.evoL he av a^LOL iiraivov, on roiovBe dv8po<i r/TTrjvr evTV')(€i. Kol evTV^elre. ^


XLII

CAP. 'EfeXacrai^TC? he tmv Ta^lXcov koL hvo rjfiepcov ohov dLeXOovTe<; a<^LKOVTO €9 to Trebiov, ev &> A67e- rai irpo^ 'AXe^avSpov dycovlo-aaOai Il(t)po(;, icai 7rvXa<^ ev avrw Ihelv (^aau ^vy/cXeLOvcra^ ovhev, dXXd Tpoiraiwv eveKa cpKohop^rfpLeva^. dvaKelaOai yap eV avrcov top ^AXe^avSpov e (pea tt) /cor a TerpappvpLOL^ dpp^aaiv, olo<> eirl rot^ Aapeiov aarpdirai^ ev 'Icrcrot9 eaT7}/ce. hLaXeiirovaai ov TToXv dXXrjXcov hvo e^cpKohop^rjaOai Xeyovrac nrvXai, Kal (\>epeLv rj p.ev Uwpov, 7) he 'AXe^avhpov, ^vP./3€^7]k6t€, olp.aL, pera Tr)V p^dxv'^, p,ev yap dairai^opbevw eoLKev, 6 he irpocrKWOvvrL.


226


I


LIFE OF APOLLONICS, BOOK II

" Kinff Phraotes to larchas his master and to his chap. companions^ all hail !

.,, King

ApoUonius, wisest of men, yet accounts you still Phmotes wiser than himself, and is come to learn your lore. J.^eom^.^^ Send him away therefore when he knows all that you mending know yourselves, assured that nothing of your ' .^ teachings will perish, for in discourse and memory he excels all men. And let him also see the throne, on which I sat, when you. Father larchas, bestowed on me the kingdom. And his followers too deserve commendation for their devotion to such a master. Farewell to yourself and your companions."


XLII


And they rode out of Taxila, and after a journey chap. of two days reached the plain, in which Porus is -^^'^ said to have engaged Alexander : and they say they xaxfia^^The saw gates therein that enclosed nothing, but had triumphal been erected to carry trophies. For there was Alexander set up on them a statue of Alexander standing in a four-poled chariot,^ as he looked when at Issus he confronted the Satraps of Darius. And at a short distance from one another there are said to have been built two gates, carrying the one a statue of Porus, and the other one of Alexander, of both, as I imagine, reconciled to one another after the battle ; for the one is in the attitude of one man greeting another, and the other of one doing homage.

^ i.e. with eight horses.

227 Q 2


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


XLIII


CAP. Uora/jiov Se 'TBpacorrjv vTrep/SavTe^i koI irXeiw

XLIII >//! > / • 5 / \ « "V> J / o

€UV7] a/jL€LYavT€(; eyevovTO TTyoo? tco l(pa(7Loi,, (TTdhia Be a7re^oz^Te9 tovtov rptaKovra ^oifiol^ • T€ eveTv^ov, oh iTreyiypairro IIATPI AM MUNI KAI HPAKAEI AAEA^HI KAI AeHNAI nPONOIAI KAT AIT OATMnim KAI SAMOePAIHI KABEIPOIS KAI INAfll HAim KAI AEA<I>ni AnOAAONI, (t>aal Se Kctl (tttJXtjv avaKelaOai ycCkKrjv, y iiriyeypa^Oat AAEHANAPOS ENTATQA ESTH. tou? ixev hr) /3o)/jLOV^ ^AXe^dvSpov rjycofieOa to rrji; eavrov dpXV^ Te/3yu-a Ti/xcoz^TO?, rrjv Be arTjXrjv tov<; fiera Tov"'X^(^aaLv ^Iv8ov<; dvaOeivat Sokm p^OLXa/nTrpwo- fxevov^ iirl tw ^ KXe^avhpov fir) irpoeXOelv irpocTO).


228


LIFE OF APOLLONICJS, BOOK I J


XLIII


And having crossed the river Hydraotes and chap, passed by several tribes^ they reached the Hyphasis^ XLiii and thirty stades away from this they came on altars Aiexander bearing this inscription : To Father Ammon and «? ^^^ river Heracles his brother, and to Athena Providence and to Zeus of Olympus and to the Cabeiri of Samothrace, and to the Indian Sun and to the Delphian Apollo."

And they say there was also a brass column dedicated, and inscribed as follows :

  • ^' Alexander stayed his steps at this point." The

altars we may suppose to be due to Alexander who so honoured the limit of his Empire ; but I fancy the Indians beyond the Hyphasis erected the column, by way of expressing their pride" at Alexander's having gone no further.


229


BOOK III


231


r


I


CAP. Tlepl Be Tov 'Tc^daiBo'^ kol OTroao^; rrjv ^IvSiKrjv 8iaaT€L')(€i Koi 6 TL irepl avrov Oavfia, rdBe ')(p7] yLyvoocTKeLV' al Trrjyal rov Trora/jLOv tovtov /3Xu- ^ov(TC fiev eK TreSiov, vavaiiropoL avroOev, Trpo'iovaat 8e Kol vavalv ijBrj airopoi elatv. dKpcc>vv')(^iai yap irerpoiv irapaXka^ viravia')(ovcn tov vSaTO<^, irepl as dvdyKTj to pev/xa ekiTTeaOai koi iroielv tov TTOTa/jLov airXovv. evpo<^ he avTco KaTa tov "laTpov, TTOTap^cov 8e ovTO<i 8oK€c /xeyiaTO'^, ottoctol 8c Ejvpco7rrj<; peovcri. 8ev8pa 8e ol irpoaopLOta (f)V€C irapd ra? 6')(6a^, kul tl koi pbvpov ifcBlBoTat tmv 8ev8p(Dv, o iroiovvTai ^\v8o\ yapuKov y^piapia, kol el firj TO) p^vpcp TOUTft) pdvcoat tou? vvp,(f)LOv<; ol ^vvLOVTe^^ e? tov ydfiov, aTeXr]'^ BoKel koi ovk 6? ydp^'^ '^fl A.(f)po8iTrj ^vvapfioaOeif;. dveladat 8e TTJ dew TavTTj Xeyovcnv avTo re to wepl tu> iroTap^fo vep.o<; fcal tov<; l')(6v^ tov<^ raw?, ovs ovto^ povo<^ TTOTap.Mv Tpe(f>ei, ireTroirjvTat 8e avTOv^ 6picovvp.ov^ TOV 6pvi6os, iirel Kvdveoi puev avTol^; ol \6(j)0i, 232


BOOK III


I


CHAP. I

The river


It is now time to notice the river Hj'phasis, and to ask what is its size as it traverses India^ and what remarkable features it possesses. The springs Hyphasis of this river well forth out of the plain^ and close to its source its streams are navigable^ but as they advance they soon become impossible for boats, because spits of rock alternating with one another, rise up just below the surface ; round these the current winds of necessity, so rendering the river unnavigable. And in breadth it approaches to the river Ister, and this is allowed to be the greatest of all the rivers which flow through Europe. Now the A ""Ptiai w^oods along the bank closely resemble those of the river in question, and a balm also is distilled from the trees, out of which the Indians make a nuptial ointment ; and unless the contracting parties to the wedding have besprinkled the young couple with this balm, the union is not considered complete nor compatible with Aphrodite bestowing her grace upon it. Now they say that the grove in the neighbourhood of the river is dedicated to this goddess, as also the fishes called peacock fish which are bred in this river alone, and which have been given the same name as the bird, because their fins

^33


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. (TTLKToX Se al (^oXt^e?, -^pvcrd Se ra ovpala teal, oTTore PovXoLVTO, avaKkcofJLeva. ean Se tl dripiov iv T(p TTora/jLO) rovrcp aKcoXrjKi eiKaa fxevov XevKw. TOVTO 01 Tr}KOVT€<; eXaiov TTOLovvraL, TTvp he dpa Tov iXatov TOVTOV iKSiSoTai, koI areyec avro ttXtjv iieXov ovhev. aXiorKerai Se tw /SaatXel fiovw to drjpiov TOVTO 7r/?09 TeL)(MV aXwcnv. iTretSav yap Oljt) tmv iiraX^ewv rj iriiieXr), irvp eKKaXecTaL

KpeiTTOV G-/3€CrT7}pLCOV, OTTOCTa dvOpCOTTOL^ TT/OO? TO.

TTvpcpopa evprjTai.


II

CAP. Kal Tou? ovov^ he tou? dypiov^ ev TOt<; eXeai tov- Tot? dXicFKeaOai (paatv, elvai he toI<^ 6ripL0L<^ tov- T0i9 cttI /x.€Tco7rof Kepa<^, m Tavprjhov re koX ovk dyevvco^; fid'^ovTai,, koL diro^aiveiv tou? 'Ii^Sou? eKircdfUi TO K€pa<; tovto, ov ydp ovt€ voaijaai ttjv 7)ixepav €K€ivr)V 6 dir avTOV ttlcov, ovt€ dv TpcoOeU dXyriaai, ttu/do? t€ hie^eXOelv dv koI /jltjB^ dv (pap- ' /jbd/coL(; dXcovai oiroaa eVl KaKw inveTai, ^aaiXecov he TO eKTTcojJba etvaL /cal ^aaiXel /xovcp dvelcrOai, ttjv Orjpav. 'AttoXXcoz^^o? he to jxev Orjpiov ecopaKevai (f>7)cy\ Kol dyaaOai avTO Trj<; (pvaew^, epofievov he avTov TOV Ad/iLho<;, el tov Xoyov tov Trepl tov eKiTOifjiaTO'^ 7rpoahe')(ocTO, " irpoahe^ofiai,' elirev,

    • i]V dOdvaTOV jjbdOw tov j^acnXea tmv hevpo \vho3V

ovTa, TOV ydp i/jLou re kol tw helvL opeyovTa Trayfjua.

234


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 111

are bliie^, and their scales spotty^ and their tails chap. golden^ and because they can fold and spread the ^ latter at will.

There is also a creature in this river which worm^'^"^ resembles a white worm. By melting this down they make an oil, and from this oil, it appears, there is given off a flame such that nothing but glass can contain it. And this creature may be caught by the king alone who utilises it for the capture of cities ; for as soon as the fat in question touches the battlements, a fire is kindled which defies all the ordinary means devised by men against combustibles.


II

And they say that wild asses are also to be chap. captured in these marshes, and these creatures have ^^ a horn upon the forehead, with which they butt like J^^^ and the a bull and make a noble fight of it ; the Indians magic cup make this horn into a cup, for they declare that no his hom one can ever fall sick on the day on which he has drunk out of it, nor will any one who has done so be the worse for being wounded, and he will be able to pass through fire unscathed, and he is even immune from poisonous draughts which others would drink to their harm. Accordingly, this goblet is reserved for kings, and the king alone may indulge in the chase of this creature. And ApoUonius says that he saw this animal, and admired its natural features ; but when Damis asked him if he believed the story about the goblet, he answered : " I will believe it, if I find the king of the Indians hereabout to be immortal ; for surely a man who can offer me or anyone else a

235


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. avoaov re teal ovtco<; vyLe<;, ttw? ou%l /jloXXov etVo? avTov iireyx^tv eavro) rovrov /cal oarj/jLepaL iriveLV avo Tov K€paTO<; rovrov p^^y^pi' Kpai7rd\r)<;; ov yhp hiapaXel rc<^, olfiai, rb rovrw pieOveiv.


Ill

^^^- ^KvravOa koX yvvaUo (pacrlv ivrerv^^rjfcevat ra p,ev eK Ke(^a\i)<; e? pa^ov<; pAXavt, ra he eK p^a^cov 69 7ro8a9 \evK& irdvra, koI avrol /xev &)? help^a (jivyelv, rov 8e ^AttoWcovlov ^vvd-^jrac re ra> yvvaitp rr)v %efc^a fcal ^vvelvai o ri ehy lepovrai he dpa rfi ^A(j)pohirr] ^Ivhr] rotavrr], Kal ruKrerai rrj Oew yvvrj ttolklXt], KaOdirep 6 'Att*? Al>yv7rri0i<;.


IV

CAP. ^l^vrevOev (jyacrLv V7rep/3a\eiv rov KavKdcrov ro


IV


Kararelvov e? rrjv ^KpvOpdv OdXaaaav, elvac he avro ^vvr)pe(pe<; ihat^i dpct)p,drcov. roi/? fiev hrj 7rpMva<; rov opov^ ro Kt,vvdp,(Ofiov (l)epeiv, rrpoaeoi- Kevai he avro veoi^i KKrjpbacn, ^daavov he rov dpoo/jLaro<; rrjv alja elvar KLVvapboop^ov yap et Ti<? alyl ope^eie, Kvv^ijaerai tt/jo? rrjv ')(elpa, Kaddrrep KV(ov, dmovn re op^pryjcret rr}v plva e? avro ipelaaaa, kclv o aliroXo^ dirdyrj, Oprjvrjaei KaOdrrep Xcorov dirocTrcopbevrf. iv he rols Kprfp^vols rov 236


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III

draught potent against disease and so wholesome^ chap. will he not be much more likel}' to imbibe it himself^ ^^ and take a drink out of this horn every day even at the risk of intoxication ? For no one, I conceive, would blame him for exceeding in such cups,"


III

At this place they say that they also fell in with chap. a woman who was black from her head to her bosom, '^^ but was altogether white from her bosom down to womsm ^*^ her feet ; and the rest of the party fled from her believing her to be a monster, but Apollonius clasped the woman by the hand and understood what she was ; for in fact such a woman in India is consecrated to Aphrodite, and a woman is born piebald in honour of this goddess, just as is Apis among the Egyptians.


IV

They say that from this point they crossed the chap. part of the Caucasus which stretches down to the Red Sea ; and this range is thickly overgrown with cinnamon aromatic shrubs. The spurs then of the mountain of the

1 1 • 1-1 111 Caucasus

bear the cinnamon tree, which resembles the young- tendrils of the vine, and the goat gives sure indication of this aromatic shrub ; for if you hold out a bit of cinnamon to a goat, she will whine and whimper after your hand like a dog, and will follow you when you go away, pressing her nose against it ; and if the goat- herd drags her away, she will moan as if she were being torn away from the lotus. But on the steeps of

237


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. 6pov<; Xi^avoL re vyjrrjXol irec^vKacn KaliroWa etSr] €T€pa, Mai ra 8ev8pa al Treirepthe^, a)v yecopyol TTiOrjKOL, fcal ovSe o) eLfcaarai, tovto, Trapelral a<^Latv, ov he etpijraL rpoirov, 6700 SrfXcoaa)' to BevSpov T) Treirepi^ eiKaaTaL fiev tm Trap' F^Wrjaiv ayvw Ttt T€ aWa /cat tov Kopvp^jBov tov /capirov, ^v6Tat Be ev to?? aTTOTopiot^ ovk ecj)L/CT6<; toI^ avOpa)7roL(;, ov XiyeTai inOrjKwv oiKelv 8rjp,o(; ev p.v)(^ot^ TOV 6pov(; Koi Ti avTov koVKov, ov<; ttoX- Xov a^Lov<; ol \vBol vofii^ovTe^;, eTreiBrj to Treirepi (iTTOTpvyMai, TOv<; XeovTa^; air avTcov epv/covai Kval T€ Kal OTrXoif;. eTTLTLOeTac Be indrjKM Xecov voacov fjuev virep (f)app,dKOv, ttjv yap voaov avT& to, fcpea ^i<jyei TavTa, yeyr}paKoy<; Be virep (tltov, Trj<; yap tmv eXdcpcov Kal avcov Oqpa^ e^wpoc yeyovoTe^ tov<; ttl- 6r)K0Vs Xa(^vaaov(Jiv 69 tovto '^(^pcop.evoL ttj XoiTrfj pcop'T}. ov p.i]v ol dvOpayirot irepiopMaiv, aXX' evep- yeTa<; t)yovp.evoL tcl Orjpia TavTa wpo^ tov<; XeovTa^ virep avTcov al^pbr]v acpovTai. tcl yap irpaTTOpLeva irepl TO.? ireirepiBa^ o)Be e^er irpoaeXOovTe^ oTlvBol T0t9 KaTco BevBpeat,Tov Kapirov diroOepiaavT6<;, dXo)<; iroLOvvTat fMi/cpd(} irepl tcl BevBpa, Kal to ireirept irepl avTa^; ^vp,<^opovcnv olov ptirTOvvT€<;, co? citl/jlov tl Kal pLi] ev airovBf) toI<^ dvOpcoiroi,^;, ol Be dvcoOev Kal €K TMV d/SdTcov dcpecjpaKOTef; TavTa, vvkto^; yevo- p.evrj<; viroKplvovTat to tmv ^\vB6)v epyov, Kal tov*; ^oaTpvxov<; tcov BevBpcov irepio-ircbvTe^; piirTOvai

^38


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III

CHAl*.

this mountain there grow very lofty frankincense ^^^

trees, as well as many other species, for example the xhe pepper

pepper trees which are cultivated by the apes. Nor t^ee

did they neglect to record the look and appearance

of this tree, and I will repeat exactly their account

of it. The pepper tree resembles in general the

willow of the Greeks, and particularly in regard to the jj.g ^^.^^-j.

berry of the fruit ; and it grows in steep ravines procured

where it cannot be got at by men, and where a the apes ^

community of apes is said to live in the recesses of

the mountain and in anv^ of its glens ; and these apes

are held in great esteem by the Indians, because they

harvest the pepper for them, and they drive the lions

off them with dogs and weapons. For the lion, when

he is sick, attacks the ape in order to get a remedy,

for the flesh of the ape stays the course of his

disease ; and he attacks it when he is grown old to

get a meal, for the lions when they are past hunting

stags and wild boars gobble up the apes, and husband

for their pursuit whatever strength they have left.

The inhabitants of the country, however, are not

disposed to allow this, because they regard these

animals as their benefactors, and so make war against

the lions in behalf of them. For this is the way they

go to work in collecting the pepper ; the Indians go

up to the lower trees and pluck off the fruit, and

they make little round shallow pits around the trees,

into which they collect the pepper, carelessly tossing

it in, as if it had no value and was of no serious use

to mankind. Then the monkeys mark their actions

from above out of their fastnesses, and when the

night comes on they imitate the action of the Indians,

and twisting off the twigs of the trees, they bring

and throw them into the pits in question ; then the

239


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP, (j)€povT€<; 69 Ta9 oXco^, ol ^\vhol he afxa rj/juipa acop- 0^9 dvaipovvrai rov apcofiaTOf; ovBe TrovrjaavTe^; ovSev, aXXa pdOvfioi re koX KaOevSovre^i.

V

'T7r€pdpavTe<i Be rov opov^; irehiov ISecv (pacn ^^^' Xelov KaraTer p^Tj jxevov 69 Td<ppov(; TrXrjpeL^ vBaTO<;. elvai he avTMV Ta9 p^ev eTTLKapcriov^, Ta<; Be 6pOd<i, hir}yp.eva<; Ik tov Trorap^ov rov Tdyyov, t7}9 re ')(^Mpa<^ opia ovaa^, toI^ re 7rehLoi<; eTrayop^eva^;, OTTore r) yrj hi'^for], Tr)V Be yrjv Tavrrjv dpicrrrjv (paal 77)9 ^lvBcfcr]<; elvac koI pLeylarTjv tmv e/cel Xij^ecov, TzevTeKaiBeica rjpiepcov oBov p,rjKO<i iirl rov Vdyyrjv, OKTCo/calBeKa Be diro da\daar}<; eiTi to TMV TnOrjKwv opo<^, (p ^vpLiraparelveL. 7reBLa<^ wdaa T) X^P^ pueXaivd re koI irdvTCDV ev(popo<^. IBelv p^ev yap ev avrfj ardyya's dvearcoraf;, bcrov ol BovaKe^, IBelv Be Kvdpbov^ Tpi7r\aaiov<; rcov Al- yvTTTLcov TO p.eyeOo<;, arjcrapLov re koI Keyy^pov vTrepipvd irdvTa. evTuvOa fcal Ta Kdpva (pveaOai (j)a(TLv, o)v TToXXd TTpo^ lepot<; dvaKelaOai toU Bevpo OavpLaTO^; eve/ca. Ta9 ^e dpuireXovf; ^veaOaL pL€V pbLKpd<=;, KaOdirep at KvBoiV t€ koI ^aiovcov, 7T0TLpL0V<; Be elvat koX dvOoapbia^ op^ov tm drro- Tpvydv. evTavOa koX BevBpo) c^aalv ivreTvyv^^^^^^ TTpoceoLKOTi TTj Bd<pvr], (^veadat Be avTOv KdXvfca etKaa puevrjv rfj p,eyiaTr] poa, koX purjXov eyKelaOai TTj KdXv/CL Kvdveov puev, coairep tcov vaKivOwv at KdXvKe^y irdvTcov Be rjBicTTOv, oiroaa e'f odptav 7]fcei. 240


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III

Indians at daybreak carry away the heaps of the chap. spice which they have thus got without any trouble^ ^^ and indeed during the repose of slumber.


V

After crossing the top of the mountain^ they say chap. they saw a smooth plain seamed with cuts and ^' ditches full of water, some of which were carried T^9 , ,

T ., 1 .1 1 irrigated

crosswise, whilst others were straight ; these are plain of derived from the ri\ er Ganges, and serve both for * ® anges boundaries, and also are distributed over the plain, when the soil is dr}-. But they say that this soil is the best in India, and constitutes the greatest of the territorial divisions of that country, extending in length towards the Ganges a journey of fifteen days and of eighteen from the sea to the mountain of the apes along which it skirts. The whole soil of the plain is black and fertile of ever}i:hing ; for you can see on it standing corn as high as reeds, and you can also see beans three times as large as the Egyptian kind, as w^ell as sesame and millet of enormous size. And they say that nuts also grow there, of which many are treasured up in our temples here as objects of curiosity. But the vines which grow there are small, like those of the Lydians and Maeones ; their vintage however is not only drinkable, but has a fine bouquet from the first. They also say that they came upon a tree there resembling the laurel, upon which there grew a cup or husk resembling a very large pomegranate ; and inside the cup there was a kernel as blue as the cups of the hyacinth, but sweeter to the taste than any of the fruits the seasons bring.

241

VOL. I, R


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS


VI


CAP. }^aTa^aivovT€<; Se to 6po<; SpaKovrcov Orfpa 7r€pLrv')(€lv (fyacTL, irepi -^9 avar^KT) Xe^at' fcal yap acpoSpa evrjOe^; virep /jL€v tov Xayco koI otto)? aXl- a/cerac kol aXaoaerac, ttoWcl elprjaOac T0t9 e? (ppovTiSa ^aWop,evoL<i Tavra, rjfjLa^; Be irapeXOelv Xoyov yevvaia'^ re koI SaLp,ovLOv 6i]pa<i fxtjSe ra> avSpl 7rapaXeL(^6evra, 69 ov ravra eypa-^a' Bpa- KOVTcov fiev yap Brj aireipoL'^ fJirjKeGi Kare^cocTTaL iraaa tj ^Iv^Lfcr] %(jopa Kal /jbeara fiev avroyv eXrj, fieara oe opr], Kevo^ oe ovbei^ Kocpo^. oi puev oi] eXeiOL vodOpoi re elai /cal TpiaKovTd'rrrj'^v fjbrjKO<^ e^ovat, Kal Kpdvo^ avTol^ ovk dvecrrTjKev, dXX' elal Tat9 8pa/caivai<^ o/nocoi, fieXave^; Se L/cav(t)<; rov vo)TOv Kal r}TTov (f)oXi8(OTol TMV ciXXcov. Kal ao(f>(OT€pov TjiTTaL TOV Xoyov irepl avrcov ' O/XTjpo'^ 7) ol TToXXol TTOLTjraL, TOV yap SpaKovTa tov iv

AvXiBt TOV 77/309 TTJ Trrjyfj OlKOVVTa TTepl VCJTa

8a<f)0cvbv etprjKev, ol he aXXoi ttoltjtoI tov 6/jLO7]0r) TOVTO) TOV iv T(h Trj<i NeyLtea9 dXcrec (paal Kal Xo(f)tdv €%6iz^, oirep ovk dv irepl 701)9 eXeiov^i evpoLfiev.


VII

CAP. 0/ he VTTO Ta9 viTwpeia^ ts Kal tov<; X6(pov<; XevTai fjbev 69 ra irehia eirl Orjpa, irXeoveKTOvaL he tmv eXeioiv irdvTa, Kal yap e^ irXeov tov /jlt^kov*; eXav- vovai, Kal Ta')(yTepoi tmv o^VTdTcov iroTaficiiv (pipovTac, Kal hcacpevyet avTOv^ ovhev tovtoi<; Kal

242


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III


VI

Now as thev descended the mountain, thev say chap. they came in for a dragon hunt^ which I must needs describe. For it is utterly absurd for those who are sorts of amateurs of hare-hunting to spin yarns about tlie ?^^?^" "' hare, as to how it is caught or ought to be caught, and yet that we should omit to describe a chase as bold as it is wonderful, and in which the sage was careful to assist ; so 1 have written the following account of it : The whole of India is girt with . dragons of enormous size ; for not only the marshes are full of them, but the mountains as well, and there is not a single ridge without one. Now the marsh kind are sluggish in their habits and are thirty cubits long, and they have no crest standing up on their heads, but in this respect resemble the she-dragons. Their backs however are very black, with fewer scales on them than the other kinds ; and Homer lUnd n. 308 has described them with deeper insight than have most poets, for he says that the dragon that lived hard by the spring in Aulis had a taw^ny back ; but other poets declare that the congener of this one in . the grove of Nemea also had a crest, a feature which we could not verify in regard to the marsh dragons.


VII

And the dragons along the foothills and the chap. mountain crests make their way into the plains after ^^^ their quarry, and prey upon all the creatures in the marshes ; for indeed they reach an extreme length, and move faster than the swiftest rivers, so

243

R 2


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. \o(f)La (fiverat, veot<; [lev v7ravia')(ov(Ta to /jLerpiov, Te\€iov/jL€VOL<; Be avvav^avo/jbevrj re koX avvaviovaa 69 TToXv, ore Br) TTvpaoi re koX TrpLovcorol ytyvovTai. ovTOi fcal <y€V€id(TKOV(TL Kal rbv av)(^€va v'^ov alpovcTi, Kol rrjv (poXlBa ariX^oucn Blktjv apyvpov, at Be TMV 6(j)da\/jLcbv Kopac Xt^o? iarl Bid7rvpo<;, i(T')(yv B* avTO)v dfiij'^avov elvai (jyacrtv e? woWa Toyv diroOeTcov. yiyverai Be rol^ dr]p(ocnv o ireBivo^i evprjfjLa, eireiBav roiv i\e(f>dvTO)P nvci eTnaTrdarjrai, tovtI yap dnToWvaiV d/jL<pco rd Orjpua. koa KepBo<; T0?9 eXovat BpaKOvra^^ ocpOaXfiOL re yiyvovjai Kai Bopd Kal 6B6vTe<;. elal Be rd fiev dWa o/jlolol Tot9 Tcoz/ /jLeyicrrcov avoyv, XeirTorepoi Be zeal Btd- (JTpo^oL Kal rrjv al')(/jLr)v drpCTTTOi, KaOdirep oi rcov fxeydXwv l')(6vcov.


VIII


VIII


CAP. Ot .Be opecoL BpdKovje^ rrjv fiev <^oXtBa )(^pV(Tol (^aivovraL, ro Be /jL7]ko<; virep rov^ ireBcvov*;, yeveia Be avTOL*; ^o<7TpV)(^d)Bii, '^pvad KaKelva, Kai Karco- (ppvcovrai jJbdXXov rj ol ireBLvoi, ojjbjJia re viroKadrjTai rfj o^pvL Betvov Kal dvaiBe^ BeBopKO<;, vTro'^aXKOv re r)yoi (pepovatv, eTreiBav rfj yfj vttokv p,aiv(oa lv , airo Be Tcov Xocpcov irvpacov ovrcov Trvp avTOC<; arreL XapLTraBiov irXeov. ovtol Kal rov<; iXe<f>avra<; alpovaiv, avTol Be viro tmv *lvBo)v ovtco^ aXi-


244


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III

that nothing escapes them. These actually have a chap. crestj of moderate extent and height when they are ^ ^^ young ; but as they reach their full size_, it grows with them and extends to a considerable height^ at which time also they turn red and get serrated backs. This kind also have beards, and lift their necks on high, while their scales glitter like silver ; Their eye and the pupils of their eyes consist of a fiery stone, contain and they say that this has an uncanny power for gems many secret purposes. The plain specimen falls the prize of the hunters whenever it draws upon itself an elephant ; for the destruction of both creatures is the result, and those who capture the dragons are rewarded by getting the eyes and skin and teeth. In most respects they resemble the largest swine, but they are slighter in build and flexible, and they have teeth as sharp and indestruct- ible as those of the largest fishes.


VIII •

Now the dragons of the mountains have scales of chap

Y I T T

a golden colour, and in length excel those of the plain, and they have bushy beards, which also are of catching a golden hue ; and their eyebrows are more prominent b^^nfgaus than those of the plain, and their eye is sunk deep of spells under the eyebrow, and emits a terrible and ruthless glance. And they give off a noise like the clashing of brass whenever they are burrowing under the earth, and from their crests, which are all fiery red, there flashes a fire brighter than a torch. They also can catch the elephants, though they are themselves caught by the Indians in the following

245


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP. (TKOvrar KOfCKo^acf>€L ireirXw '^pvaa iveipavre^; ypd/jL/iara TiOevTai irpo rrjf; ')(eia<; vttvov, iyyorjrev- aavTE^ T0t9 ypdiMfiaaLv, v(p' ov vcKarai tov<; ocpOaX/J^ov^; 6 hpaKwv aT/oeTrrof ? ovra^;, koI ttoWcl T^9 ciTTOppijrov ao(pias iir avrov aSovcnv, ol<; dyerai re Kai rov av')(eva vTrep/BaXcov Trj<; ^eLd<; iiTLKaOevhei rol^; ypd/jUfiacn' TrpoaTreaovres ovv ol '\vho\ Keifjuevw ireXeKCL^ ivapdrrovcri, koX ttjv /C6(f)aXr)v diroT€[JbovT€<; Xtj^ovtul Ta9 iv avTrj \i6ov<;. diroKelaOaL he (pacnv ev rat? tmv opeicov SpaKovrcov K€(f)a\al<^ \iOov<i TO jjL€v elSos dv67]pd<; koI Trdvra d7ravya^ovaa<^ ')(^pd)/jLaTa, rrjv Se l(T')(yv dpprjTov; Kara rov SaKTvXiov, ov yeveaOai (paal r(p Tvyrj. iroWdKL^ he koX tov ^\vhov avrw ireXeKet /cal avrfi Te')(yr) auXXa^cov e? rrjv avrov %e^a^' cfiepwv M^ero, [xovovoi) aeiwv ro opo^;. ovtol koL rd oprj rd irepl rrjv ^^pvOpdv olicelv Xeyovrai, avpiyp^a Be heivov (jiaaiv aKovecrOai tovtwv, koL KaTiovra^; avTov<; eTrl Tr)v OdXarrav irXelv eVt iroXv rov ireXdyov^i. irepl Se irMV p.r]Kov<^ tov Orfpiov tovtov yvoivai re diTOpov KoX elirelv dmo-Tov. Toaavra irepl Spa/cov-


TCOV Oi


ISa.


IX

c^P- Tr)V Se TToXiv tyjv vtto tw opei p,€yi(TT7jv ovaav (f}acrl p,ev KaXelcrOai TLdpaKa, SpaKovrcov Se dvaKel- aOai K6(f)aXd<; iv fiearj irXeiara'i, yv/jLva^o/xevcov TO)v iv i/c6iV7) ^IvScov TTjv Oijpav ravrrjv ix vecov. 246


I


LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 111

manner. They embroider golden runes on a scarlet chap cloak, which they lay in front of the animal's burrow ^^^^ after charming them to sleep with the runes ; for this is the only way to overcome the eyes of the dragon, which are otherwise inflexible, and much mysteri- ous lore is sung by them to overcome him. These runes induce the dragon to stretch his neck out of his burrow and fall asleep over them : then the Indians fall upon him as he lies there, and despatch him with blows of their axes, and having cut off the head they despoil it of its gems. And they say that in the heads of the mountain dragons there are stored away stones of flowery colour, which flash out all kinds of hues, and possess a mystical power if set in a ring, like that which they say belonged to Gyges. But often the Indian, in spite of his axe and his cunning, is caught by the dragon, who carries him off into his burrow, and almost shakes the mountains as he disappears. These are also said to inhabit the mountains in the neighbourhood of the Red Sea, and they say that they heard them hissing terribly and that they saw them go down to the shore and swim far out into the sea. It was impossible however to ascertain the number of years that this creature lives, nor would my statements be believed. This is all I know about dragons.

IX

They tell us that the city under the mountain is chap of great size and is called Parax, and that in the ^^ centre of it are stored up a great many heads of p^rax*^ dragons, for the Indians who inhabit it are trained from their boyhood in this form of sport. And they

247


FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS

CAP Xeyovrat Be koX ^o)cov ^vvievai (f)Oe<y'yofi€vo)v re koX ' ^ovXevojJievcdV, (tltov/jL€vol hpcLKovro^ ol /juev /capSlav, ol Se Tjirap. Trpoiovre^ Be avXov puev aKovaai ho^ai vo/bieco^; Brj tivo<; dyeXijv Tarroi^TO?, eXd(f)ov<; Be dpa jSovKoXelaOai X€Vfcd<;, dfieXyovcn Be ^IvBol ravra^ €vrpa(f)e(; rjyov/jievoL to dir avTMV ydXa.


X

CAP. 'FjvrevOev r)p,€pct)V rerrdpayv oBov iropevojievoi Bi ■^ evBai/jiovo<=; fcal evepyov t?}? '^wpa'; irpoaeXOelv (j)acn, TTj TMV ao(pa)v Tvpaei. rbv Be rjye/jiova KeXevaavTa crvvoKXdcraL rrjv KdfirjXov diroTrr^Brjaai avT7]<; irepiBea kol /^/^wto? irXewv. rbv Be 'AttoX- Xcoviov ^vvelvai fiev ov rjKOi, yeXdaavra Be eirl rw Tov '\vBov BeeL, " Bokcl jjlol^^ ^dvai, " outo?, el koI KaTeirXevaev e? Xifxeva fxaKpov tl dpa/jieTpr]cra<^ ireXayo';, d^OeaOrjvai dv rfj yfj koI Belaai to ev op/JLO) elvai.'^ Kal dfia elircov ravra irpoaeTa^e rrj KaiiTjXw avvt^Tjaai, koI yap Brj koI edds Xoiirov r/v Tcov TOiovTwv, TTeplcpo^ov Be dpa eiroiei tov r\yepiOva TO irXricriov twv (to(J>(Jop ijKeiv, IvBol yap BeBiaai TOVTOV^i fJidXXov rj tov a(j)Ct)v avTcov /SaatXea, otl

Kal (3acnXev<^ avT0<^, v

pa, irepl TrdvTcov, d Xe/CTea re avTM Kal irpaKTea, epwTa TovaBe Tov<i dvBpa<;, coairep ol 69 Oeov ire/jLTrovTef;, ol Be aTj/jLalvovai fiev, 6 tl Xwov avTfp irpdTTeiv, Tl Be fiT] X&ov, dTrayopevovtJi re Kal dwo- crr]fjLaivovaL. 248 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III are also said to acquire an understanding of the chap. language and ideas of animals by feeding either on ^^ the heart or the liver of the dragon. And as they advanced they thought they heard the pipe of some shepherd marshalling his flock^ but it turned out to be a man looking after a herd of white hinds, for the Indians use these for milking;, and find their milk very nutritious. X From this point their road led for four days chap. across a rich and well cultivated country, till they ^ approached the castle of the sages, when their guide the^sao^^s. bade his camel crouch down, and leapt off it in such Terror of an agony of fear that he was bathed in perspiration. ^ ^"^ Apollonius however quite understood where he was come to, and smiling at the panic of the Indian, said : " It seems to me that this fellow, were he a mariner who had reached harbour after a long sea voyage, would worry at being on land and tremble at being in dock." And as he said this he ordered his camel to kneel down, for indeed he was by now well accustoined to do so. And it seems that what scared the guide so much was that he was now close to the sages ; for the Indians fear these people more than they do their own king, because the very king to whom the land is subject consults them about every- thing that he has to say or do, just as people who send to an oracle of a god ; and the sages indicate to him what it is expedient for him to do, and what is inexpedient, and dissuade and warn him off with signs. 249 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS XI CAP K^araXvaecv he /jl€\\ovt6<; ev rfj kco/jltj rfj ttXtj- cnov — aire'Xei he rov 6')(dov rwv ao^oiv ovtto) ard- hiov — Ihelv (pacrc veaviav hpofirp rjKovra, fieXavraTov Ii/^wz^ TrdvTcov, vTroanX^etv Be avTco /jl7jvo€lBco<; to /uiecro(f>pvov. tovtI he dfcovco ')(^p6vot<; varepov Kai irepl ^].evwva rov Yipoihov rov ao(f)taTov Tp6(f>L/jL0v, dir AlOiOTTCOv he r)v, ev fxeLpuKiw ho^ai, irpolovro^ he €9 dvhpa<; eKXiwelv rrjv avyrjv ravrrjv Koi crvva- (f)avicrOrjvaL rfj copa, rov he '^Ivhov ')(pv(TP]v fiev (f>ep€iv (j^aalv ciyKvpav, fjv vo/jbi^ouaiv 'Ivhol Krjpv- fcetov iirl T(p Trdvra la-yeiv. XII ^P- Upoahpa/jLovra he rw ' AttoXXcovlo) <f)covfj 'E\- Xdhi irpoaetirelv avrov, koI tovto fjuev ovttco Oavfjiaarov ho^at hid to kol tov<; ev Tjj K(t)/jL7f 7rdvTa<; diro 'FjXXtjvcov (j)0 eyy ecr6ai, to he "6 heiva xcup^ toIs fiev dXXoL<; irapaa'yelv €k- ttXtj^lv, TO) he dvhpl 6dpao<^ vTrep o)v d(^LKTo, ^Xeyjraf; yap 69 tov Adfiiv, " irapd dvhpa^;, e(f)7], " cro(f)ov<; dTe)(y(o<; rjKoiiev, eoiKaai yap irpoyiyvoLt- (TKeivT Kal dfia r^peTO tov ^Ivhov, 6 tl ^pr] irpaTTeiv, ttoOcov ijhi] ttjv ^vvovaiav, 6 he Ivho^, 250 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III XI And they were about to halt in the neighbouring chap. village^ which is hardly distant a single stade from ^^ the eminence occupied by the sages, when they saw messenger a youth run up to them, the blackest Indian they »* the sages

  • ' -, \ 1-1 ■ descnbed
ever saw ; and between his eyebrows was a crescent- shaped spot which shone brightly. But I learn that at a later time the same feature was remarked in the case of Menon the pupil of Herod the Sophist, who was an Ethiop ; it showed while he was a youth, but as he grew up to man's estate its splendour waned and finally disappeared with his youth. But the Indian also wore, they say, a golden anchor, which is affected by Indians as a herald's badge, because it holds all things fast. XII Then he ran up to Apollonius and addressed chap. him in the Greek tongue ; and so far this did ^^^ not seem so remarkable, because all the inhabi- tants of the village spoke the Greek tongue. But when he addressed him by name and said '^ Hail so and so," the rest of the party were filled with astonishment, though our sage only felt the more confidence in his mission : for he looked to Damis and said : " We have reached men who are unfeignedly wise, for they seem to have the gift of foreknowledge." And he at once asked the Indian what he must do, because he was already eager for an interview : and the Indian replied : 251 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. " TOVTov<^ /^^Vy^' €(1)7], '* KaraXveiP ^(pr} ivravOa, ae XII Be i]K€Lv ft)? e%e^9, KeXeuovac yap avroL' XIII CAP. To /jikv Srj avTol HvOoyopecov rfhrj rw WttoWcovlm i(f)dvr), fcal rjKoXovOet ')(aLp(i)v. Tw Se 6')(6ov, €(f) ov OL (ro<f)ot dvMKKTfievoc elcriv, vyjrof; jxev elvai Kara rrjv Kdrjvaioyv (paalv d/cpoTTO- ■ XiVi dvicrracrOaL Be eK TreBlov dvco, evcpvd Be 6/jLOiO)<; werpav o^vpovv avrov kvkXo) irepLt^Kovo-av, r)<; 'TroX'\a')(ov St-^^Xa opdaOai t'xyrj koX yevecdBcov TVTTOV^ KoX TrpoacoTTCOv Kai irov Kol vcora IBelv dTrcoXiaOrjKoaLV bfioia, top yap Aiovvcrov, ore ^vv 'YipaKXel direTreipaTO rod ')((opiov, irpoa^aXelv jjuev avTO) (f>aai KeXevcraL tou? Tidva^;, &>? tt/oo? tov aeiafjbov LKavov^, i/jLffpovTr)dei>Ta<i Be avTov<; vtto TMV ao^MV ireaelv dXXov dXXci)<;, kuI rd^; 7r€Tpa<; olov ivTVTTMOrjvai rd rrjf; Bia/jLapTia<; o-'^rj/jLara. irepl Be tm o)(^0(p vecfieXrjv IBelv (j>a(riv, ev fj tov(; ^lvBov<i oLKelv <j>avepovs re koX d(^avel^ Kal 6 n ^ovXovrat. 7rvXa<; Be el fjuev Kal dXXas elvai tw 6')(6(p, ovK elBevaL. to ydp irepl avrov ve(f)o<i ovre uKXeiajw ^vy^copelv ovt av ^vyKeKXeiajxevw (j)aivecr6ai. 252 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III " Your party must halt here, but you must come on chap. just as you are, for the Masters themselves issue this " ^ command." XIII The word Masters at once liad a Pythagorean ring chap for the ears of Apollonius and he gladly followed the " messenger. Now the hill the summit of which is inhabited by Situation the sages is, according to the account of our castle travellers, of about the same height as the Acropolis of Athens ; and it rises straight up from the plain, though its natural position equally secures it from attack, for the rock surrounds it on all sides. On many parts of this rock you see traces of cloven feet and outlines of beards and of faces, and here and there impressions of backs as of persons who had slipt and rolled down. For they say that Dionysus, when he was trying to storm the place together with Her- cules, ordered the Pans to attack it, thinking that they would be strong enough to take it by assault ; but they were thunderstruck by the sages and fell one, one way, and another, another; and the rocks as it were took the print of the various postures in which they fell and failed. And they say that they saw a cloud floating round the eminence on which the Indians live and ^ render themselves visible or invisible at will. Whether there were any other gates to the eminence they say they did not know ; for the cloud around it did not anywhere allow them to be seen, whether there was an opening in the rampart, or whether on the other hand it was a close-shut fortress. 253 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS XIV CAP. Avro<^ Se ava/Sijvai fiev Kara to votiov [xaXicrra Tov 6')(6ov TO) 'IvSo) e7ro/Ltei/o9, ISelv Be Trpcorov fxev (ppeap opyvLcov rerrapcov, ov rrjv avyrjv eVt to uTOjJLLov auaTTefiTTeaOai Kvavdyrdri'jv ovcrav, xal OTTore rj pbearjix^pia tov tjXlov crTalr] vepl avro, avLfjbdorOai Tr]v av'yr^v diro Trj<; uktIvo^ koI y^wpelv dvco 7rap€')(o/jLivr]P elBo^ Oepfirjf; tptSo^. jiaOelv he vaTepov irepl tov (j)p€aT0<;, &>? aavSapaKLvr) p.ev et?; r) vir avTW yfj, aTropprjTov 8e to vScop rjyolvTO, Kai 0VT6 TTLVOL Ti9 avTO 0VT6 dvaaTTCpTj, op/ciov Se vo/jLL^oito Trj irepi^ IvSiKfj irdarj. TrXrjaioif Be TovTOV KpaTTjpa elvau 7rvp6<;, ov (j)\6<ya dvairepL- ireaBai /jloXv^ScoBtj, Kairvov he ovheva dir avTrj<; UTTeiv, ovhe oafjLrjv ovhe/jblav, ovSe virep-)(y6rjvai iTOTe /cpaTTjp ovTo<;, dW dvadihoaOai ToaovTO<;, ft)9 /jir} vTvep^Xvaai tov (BoOpov. iinavda ^\vho\ KaSaipovTat twv dKovaicov, 66ev ol ao(f)ol to fxev (ppeap iXey^ov KaXovat, to he irvp ^vyyvco/iij^i. koI htiTO) ecopaKevac (paal ttlOo) XlOov pjeXavo^; o/jL^pcov re Kol dveficov ovTe. 6 pbev hrj tmv 6p/3p(oiJ, el av')(^/jLa) 7} 'IvhiKT) Trte^oiTO, dvoi')(6el^ ve<^eXa^ dvairepnrei kol vypalvec ttjv yrjv Trdaav, el he ojjblBpoL irXeoveKTolev, ta')(^eL avT0v<; ^vyKXeiop^evo'^, 6 he Twv dvefxwv ttlOo'^ tuvtov, olfiat, tw tov AloXov da Kid TrpdTTei, 7rapavoLyvvvTe<^ yap tov TTiOov eva TMV dve/jLcov dviaaLv efxirvelv oopa, 254 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III XIV Apollonius says that he hmiself ascended mostly ^^j^.^' on the south side of the ridge, following the Indian, rj^^ ^^^^ and that the first thing he saw was a well four of testing fathoms deep, above the mouth of which there rose a sheen of deep blue light ; and at midday when the sun was stationary about it, the sheen of light was always drawn up on high by the rays, and in its ascent assumed the look of a glowing rainbow. But he learnt afterwards that the soil underneath the well was composed of realgar, but that they regarded the water as holy and mysterious, and no one either drank it or drew it up, but it was regarded by the whole land of India all around as binding in oaths. And near this there was a crater, he says, of fire, which sent up a lead-coloured flame, though it emitted no smoke or any smell, nor did this crater ever overflow, but emitted just matter enough not to bubble over the edges of the pit. It is here that the Indians purify themselves of involuntary sins, wherefore the sages call the well, the well of testing, and the fire, the fire of pardon. And they say that The jars of they saw there two iars of black stone, of the rains wind and •' " ■' rain and of the winds respectively. The jar of the rains, they say, is opened in case the land of India is suffering from drought, and sends up clouds to moisten the whole country ; but if the rains should be in excess they are stopped by the jar being shut up. But the jar of the winds plays, I imagine, the same role as the bag of Aeolus : for when they open this jar ever so little, they let out one of the winds, which creates a seasonable breeze by which the 255 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. KavrevOev rj yrj eppwrat. Oecov Se aydX/xaaLV ivTV)(6Lv (paaiv, el fiev 'Ii/8ofc? i) Aiyv7rTLoo<;, Oavfjua ovhev, ra Be ye apxat'Orara rayv Trap' ' FiWrjcri, TO re t>}9 ' K6r)va<^ Trj<; Tiokiciho^ Koi ro Tov AttoWmvo^; tov ArjXiov kol to tov Atovvaov Tov Atfxvaiov fcal to tov AfiVKXaiov, kol oiroaa a)Se dp^ala, TavTa IhpveaOai Te tov<^ IvSov^ TOVTOVs Kal vojii^eiv ^^Wijvcfcol^i rjOecn, <paal 3 olfcelv TCL fxecra Trj<; 'IvSiKrjf;. Kal tov 6')(^dov OfJic^a- \0V TTOiOVVTai TOV X6(f)0V TOVTOV, TTVp Te ilT aVTOV opyid^ovacv, 6 (f)acnv e/c tmv tov tjXlov aKTivcov avTol eXKetv tovtw /cat tov v/jLvov rjfjuepav airaaav €9 /jiearjfx/SpLav ahovatv. XV CAP 'OttoIol /jLev St] Kal ol dv8p€<; Kal otto)? oIkovvtc'^ TOV 6')(6ov, auTO? 6 dv7]p hieiaiv ev yaa yap tmv 7r/309 AlyvTTTLOVf; ojJLiXLMV, " elSov' (prjaiv, " lvSov<i ^pa^jjidva^ oLKOvvTa^; eVl T779 7^9 Kal ovk iir avT7]<^, Kal aTei^/(TTft)9 TeTeix^a/JLevovf;, Kal ovSev K€KTr)/jLevov<; rj ra irdvTcov. TavTl Se €K€lvo<; /xev (70(f)Oi)Tepov eypayfrev, 6 Se ye Ad/jLL<; (f>7](Tl '^afievvia /JLev avToix; '^prjcrdaL, ttjv yr)v Se vTToaTpcovvvvaL 7roa9, a9 dv avTol alpcovTai, Kai /jieTecopOTropovvTa*^ Srj ihetv diro ti)<; yi)^ 69 infj'^ei'; hvo, ov Oav/xaTo- 7roua<; evcKa, to yap ^CKoTLfiov tovto irapaLTelaOaL 256 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III country is refreshed. And they say that they came chap. upon statues of Gods, and they were not nearly so -^^^ much astonished at finding Indian or Egyptian Gods as stauie.? of they were by finding the most ancient of the Greek the Gods Gods, a statue of Athene PoHas and of Apollo of by th« sages Delos and of Dionysus of Limnae and another of him of Amyclae, and others of similar age. These were set up by these Indians and worshipped with Greek rites. And they say that they are met with in the heart of India. Now they regard the summit of this hill as the navel of the earth, and on it they worship fire vriih mysterious rites, deriving the fire, according to tlieir own account, from the rays of the sun ; and to the Sun they sing a h\Tnn every day at midday. XV Apollonius himself describes the character of these chap. sages and of their settlement upon the hill ; for in one of his addresses to the Egyptians he says, of the " I saw Indian Brahmans living upon the earth ^^^^s and yet not on it, and fortified without fortific- ations, and possessing nothing, yet having the riches of all men." He may indeed be thought to have here written with too much subtlety ; but we have anyhow the account of Damis to the effect that they made a practice of sleeping on the ground, and that they strewed the ground with such grass as they might themselves prefer ; and, what is more, he says that he saw them levitating themselves two cubits high from the ground, not for the sake of miraculous display, for they disdain any such ambition ; but thev 257 VOL. I. S FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. T0U9 avhpa^, aXX! oTroaa rco 'HXtco Pwairo- ^alvovTe^ rr}? 77)9 Bpcocnv, ft)9 irpoaipopa tw Oew irpcLTTOVTa^. TO TOi ttO/?, avro Tr)9 olktIvo^ iTTtcTTrayvTat, fcairoL crcofiaToeLSef; 6v, ovre eiri ^cofMov KaieLV at'TOL'9 ovre iv lirvol^ (^vXaTTecv, aXX! Mairep Ta.9 avyd<;, at i^ rjXiov re dvaKXcjvraL koX vharo^, ovrco /jberecopov re opdaOai avro koX aakevov iv tw aWepi. top fiev ovv hr^^'lAXiov virep T(x)v o)p(t)V, a9 iiTLTpoTreveL avTo<;, Iv 69 Kaipov rfj yy LcoaL /cat rj IvSlkt) ev Trpdrrrj, vvfcrcop Be XcTrapovaL rrjv d/crtva fXTj a')(6€<j0aL rrj vvktl, fJL6V€LV Se, fo)9 VTT aVTWV ^%^^. TOLOVTOV flCV BtJ Tov W.iroWcoviov to iv rfj yfj re elvat toi'9 ^pa'^fidva'^ Kol ov/c iv rfj yfj. to Se " dT€L^iaT(0<; TeTety^iG fjuevov^ hrfKol tov depa, vcf) w ^ooaiv, viraWpiOL yap Bokovvt€<=; avXl^eaOac dKidv t€ virepaipovaiv avTMV, /cat vovto<; ov -y^sKd^ovTai, kuI vTTo TU) rjXla) elaiv, iireiBdv avTol ^ovXcovtul. to Be " /jL7]Bev fcefCTtj/jLevovi tu TrdvTcov e^eiv o)Be 6 Adfii^; i^TjyelTar iTTjyal, oiroaaL toU ^dK^oi^; irapd TTj^i Y/79 dvaOpcoa/covaiv, iireLBdv 6 Aiovvao^; avTom T€ /cat TTjV yr}v (jeiarj, (potTcoac koI toIs ^IvBoi<; TovTOL^i e(TTL(x)fJbevoL<^ T€ /cat eaTicocriv' sIkotw^ ovv 6 ' AttoXXcovw^; tov<; pbrjBev fiev i/c 'jrapaaKev7]<;, avToar^eBlco^; Be, a ^ovXovTai, iropi^o- pAvov^, ^'x^^^j <^77crtV, d fir] e^ovaiv. Kop,dv Be 258 I LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III regard any rites they perform, in thus quitting earth chap. and walking with the Sun, as acts of homage acceptable to the God. Moreover, they neither burn Their upon an altar nor keep in stoves the fire which ^J^iSt*^ they extract from the sun's rays, although it is a material fire ; but like the rays of sunlight when they are refracted in water, so this fire is seen raised aloft in the air and dancing in the ether. And further they pray to the Sun who governs the seasons by his might, that the latter may succeed duly in the land, so that India may prosper ; but of a night they intreat the ray of light not to take the night amiss, but to stay with them just as they have brought it down. Such then was the meaning of the phrase of ApoUonius, that "the Brahmans are upon earth and yet not upon earth. " And his phrase " fortified without fortifications or walls," refers to the air or vapour under which they bivouac, for though they seem to live in the open air, yet they raise up a shadow and veil themselves in it^ so that they are not made wet when it rains and they enjoy the sunlight whenever they choose. And the phrase " without possessing anything they had the riches of all men," is thus explained by Damis : All the springs which tlie Bacchanals see Their water leaping up froni the ground under their feet, '^p"'^^* whenever Dionysus stirs them and earth in a common convulsion, spring up in plenty for these Indians also when they are entertaining or being entertained. ApoUonius therefore was right in saying that people provided as they are with all they want offhand and without having prepared anything, possess what they do not possess. And aud on principle they grow their hair long, as the '^'^^*"™® 259 s 2 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. eTnrrjSevovatv, wairep AaKehatfioviOL irakai kol SovpcoL Tapavrlvoi re koI IS/lrfKiOL Koi 67r6(TOL<; to, Aa/ccovLKOL Tjv iv X6y(p, fiirpav re avaSovvrat XevKijv, /cat yvfxvbv avTol<; jSaSia/ia /cal rrjv ia- drjTa ea^Tj/jLarl^ovTO 7rapa7rXr](iico(; tol^ i^co/jLiatv. 7] he vXt] rrj<; iaOrJTO^; epiov avTO(j)V€<; y 7?) cpvei, Xev/cov fiev coairep to TlapL^vKoiv, /jLaXaKcorepov 8e TLKTSi, r) Se iTLpLekr] ola eXaiov air avrov Xei^erac. TOVTO lepav iaOrjTa TroLovvrac koI el Ti? erepof; irapa tou? 'Iz^Soi)? tovtov^; avaonrayr] avro, ov /jLedieraL r) yr) rod epiov. ri]v Be lo"^vv rod haKTvkiov fcal t?}? pd/38ov, a (f)op€cv avrov^; aficpo), hvvaaOat fxev Trdvra, Svco Se dppijTco rer i/jLTjadai. XVI CAP Wpoaiovra Se tov ^AttoWcovlov 01 uev aWoi cro(f)ol TTpoa7]<yovTO, daTra^ofievoc Tat9 x^pcrlv, 6 oe 'ldp)(a(; iKddrjTO fiev eirl 8i(ppov v\jn]\ov — ')(^a\/cov 8e /jLeXavo<!i rjv koL TreTrol/ccXro '^pvGols dydXpLaaiv, 01 8e T(t)V dXXcov Sl(f)pot '^aXKol puev, darj/jioc 8e r]crav, vyjryXol Se tjttov, vTreKdOrjvTO yap tw Idp'^a — TOV Se WttoXXcoviov cScov (pcovfj re rjaTraaaTo '^XXdSi Kal rd tov ^IvSov ypd/xpcaTa diryTei. davp^daavTO^ Se tov 'AttoXXcovlov ttjv tt poyvwcr lv Kal ypdjifjia ye ev 6(^17 Xelireiv ttj eTTio-ToXfj, SeXTa elircov, TraprjXOe yap avTOV ypd(f)OVTa- Kai ecpavr] 260 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III Lacedaemonians did of old and the people of chap, Thurium and Tarentum^ as well as the Melians and ^^ all who set store by the fashions of Sparta ; and they bind a white turban on their heads^ and their feet are naked for walking, and they cut their garments to resemble the exomisy But the material of which they make their raiment is a wool that springs wild from the ground, white like that of the Pamphylians, though it is of softer growth, and a grease like olive oil distils from off it. This is what they make their sacred vesture of, and if anyone else except these Indians tries to pluck it up, the earth refuses to surrender its wool. And they all carry both a ring and a staff of which the peculiar virtues can effect all things, and the one and the other, so we learn, are prized as secrets. XVI When Apollonius approached, the rest of the chap. sages welcomed him and shook hands ; but larchas sat down on a high stool— and this was of black fir^t copper and chased with golden figures, while the ^"^ii^nce seats of the others were of copper, but plain and not so high, for they sat lower down than larchas — and when he saw Apollonius, larchas greeted him in the Greek tongue and asked for the Indian's letter. And as Apollonius showed astonishment at his gift of prescience, he took pains to add that a single letter was missing in the epistle, namely a delta, which had escaped the writer ; and this was found ^ An overmantle leaving one arm and shoulder bare. Buddhist monks still wear a similar garment. The so-called wool was asbestos. 261 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS .CAP. TOVTO c58e exov. avayvov^; Be rrjv iTncrroXrjv, " 7rw9," e^Tj, *' ft) 'AiroWcovte, irepl rjficjv ^poi^etTe;"
    • TTft)?," elirev, " ^ &)? BrjXol to vfXMv eveKa YjKeiv /xe
oBov, rjv firjTro) Ti9 twv 66ev irep iyco avOpd^TTWv ; ' " Tt 8e r}/jLd<; irXeov olei aavTov yiyvcoaKeiv ; "
    • eyoi fievT elire, " <TO(f)coT€pd re rjyovjJLai, ra vfie-
repa Ka\ iroWQ) detorepa. el Be /jLrjBev irXeov mv olBa Trap' v/jllv evpoLfjn, iJbefJiaOr]Ka)<i av etrjv koX to jxr^KeT e^^iv 6 tl fidOot/jLi. vTroXa^oov ovv o ^lvB6<;, " ol fiev aWoi" 6</>^7, " tov<^ d(f>iKvovfJLevov^ epcoTMcri, TTOTarroi tc rjKOvai Kai ecf) 6 tc, rjfuv Be ao(f>ia<; eTnBei^iv irpwTTjv 6^et to //-^ dyvorjaac Tov ijKovTa. eXeyx^ Be TrpcoTov tovto." koI eiTTcbv TavTa TraTpoOev re BiT^ei tov AttoXXcovlov fcal fjL7]Tp66ev, KoX TO, ev Klyal^ iravTa, koI ox? iTpocrrjXdev avTW 6 Aafxt^;, Kal, el Brj tl eairovBacrav 6Boo7ropovvTe<; rj airovBd^ovTO's eTepov elBov, irdvTa TavO^ Mcnrep fcotvcovijcraf; aurots" t% diroBrj/jLia^; 6
  • lySo9 diTvevcTTi re koX (Ta(j)(t)<; eipev. eKirXayevTO's
Be TOV ^AttoXXcovlov /cal oiroOev elBelr], eirepopbevov, koI av fieTOXo^J^ e^^, "t?}9 (rocf^ia^ TavTr]^ rjKeL<^, aXX' ovTTCo Trdcrrjf; " BLBd^rj ovv fie, ecfyrj, *' ttjv aocpLav irdaav;^^ '* koX d^66v(ti<; ye,' elire, tovtI yap (TocfxoTepov tov ^aa/calveiv Te koX fcpviTTeiv ra aTTovBrj^; d^ia, koX aXXft)9, AiroXXcovte, fxeaTov ere 262 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III to be the case. Then having read the epistle, he chap said: "What do you think of us, O Apollonius ? " ^^^ "Why/' replied the latter, "how can you ask, when it is sufficiently shown by the fact that I have taken a journey to see you which was never till now accomplished by any of the inhabitants of my country." " And what do you think we know more than yourself? " " I," replied the other, " consider that your lore is profounder and much more divine than our ovm ; and if I add nothing to my present stock of knowledge Avhile I am with you, I shall at least have learned that I have nothing more to learn." Thereupon the Indian Prescience replied and said : " Other people ask those who Brahmans arrive among them, who they are that come, and why, but the first display we make of our wisdom consists in showing that we are not ignorant who it is that comes. And you may test this point to begin with." And to suit his word he forthwith recounted the whole story of Apollonius' family both on his father's and his mother's side, and he related all his life in Aegae, and how Damis had joined him, and any conversations that they had had on the road, and anj-thing they had found out through the conversa- tion of others with them. All this, just as if he had shared their voyage with them, the Indian recounted straight off, quite clearly and without pausing for breath. And when Apollonius was astounded and asked him how he came to know it all, he replied : " And you too are come to share in this wisdom, but ' you are not yet an adept." " Will you teach me, then," said the other, "all this wisdom?" "Aye, and gladly, for that is a wiser course than grudging and hiding matters of interest ; and moreover, O Apollonius, I 263 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. opct) T^9 /jLvr]/jLoavvri<;, y)v rjfiel^; fjudXiara Oewv a^aiTWfievr " r) yap Ka6e(i)paKa<iy^ elirev, " oVo)? 7r€(f)VKar " r)fjb€l<;" e^r], O) ^AiroXXcovie, iravTa opMjxev ra tt)? '^i^X^}? ecBr), ^v/jl/BoXol^; avra /jLvpiOL<; i^c^vevovref;. aW eTrel ^earifx^pia TrXrjaiov koI TO, 7rp6o-(f)opa Tot9 0€OL<; y^pr] 7rapaaK€vdcrat, vvv fjuev ravT efCTrovcofiev, fierd ravra Be, oiroaa povXeL, Sca\€<ya)/jL€6a, iraparvyx^ave Be irao-i rot? Bpcdfievoi^r VT) At , eiirev, ** dBLKOir^v av rbv Kavfcaaov koI tov ^IvBov, ov<; virepfidf; Bi L'/xa? 7]fC(o, el fXT] TrdvTCOv e/jb<f)opoLfir)v (bv Bpwrjre.^^ " 'E/i^o/soO/' ecf)!], " KoX t(o/jLev.^^ XVII CAP. ^KX06vT€<; ovv eirl 7rr}<y7]v rcva vBaro^;, r^v (f>r]crLV 6 Aa/>tfc9 IBcov v(TT€pov eoiKevai rfj ev Bo^wrot? AtpKr}, TTpMTa fxev eyvf^VGoOrjaav, elra e')(^piaavTO Ta9 /ce<pa\a(; rjXeKTpcoBec <j>apiJbdK(p, to Be ovrco TV TOV<; ^IvBov<; eOaXirev, a)? drfii^eiv to croyfia KoX TOV iBpcoTa ')(03pelv dcTTaKTi, KaOdirep tmv TTvpl XovojJievwv, elTa epptyjrav €avTov<; eV to vBcop, KoX XovadfJievoi ojBe irpo^ to lepov i^dBi^ov, eaTe(f)avcofjLevoL koL fxeaTol tov vp,vov. irept- aTdvT€<; Be ev yopov o-)(rjiJbaTi koX Kopvcf)aiov TTotrjadfjievoi tov ^Idp'^av opOal^ Tal^i pd/SBo^; T7JV yrjv €7r\7]^av, rj Be KvpTwOelcra BIktjv kv/mito^; 264 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III perceive that you are well endowed with memory, a chap. goddess whom we love more than any other of the ^^^ divine beings." '^ Well/' said the other, "you have certainly discerned by your penetration my exact disposition." '^^ We/' said the other, "O Apollonius, can see all spiritual traits, for we trace and detect them by a thousand signs. But as it is nearly mid- day, and we must get ready our offerings for the Gods, let us now employ ourselves with that, and afterwards let us converse as much as you like ; but you must take part in all our religious rites." " By Zeus," said Apollonius, " I should be wronging the Caucasus and the Indus, both of which I have crossed in order to reach you, if I did not enjoy your rites to the full." " Do so," said the other, " and let us depart." XVII Accordingly they betook themselves to a spring chap. of water, which Damis, who saw it subsequently, says resembles that of Dirce in Boeotia ; and first they hathe^^^^ stripped, and then they anointed their heads with an amber-like drug, which imparted such a warmth to these Indians, that their bodies steamed and the sweat ran off them as profusely as if they were washing themselves with fire ; next they threw themselves into the water and, having so taken their bath, they betook themselves to the temple with wreaths upon their heads and full of sacred song. Their And they stood round in the forati of a chorus, and "^^^ ^^ having chosen larchas as conductor they struck the levitation earth, uplifting their rods, and the earth arched itself 265 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. aveirefi-^ev avTov<; e? BiTrrj'y^v tov aepo^. oi Se 'pSov (phrjv, OTTolos 6 rrraiav 6 tov 2o<^o/cX60f9, ov A67Jv7]aL TO) A.a kXtjit L(p ahovaLV. iirel Se e? Tr]v yfjv Karrjpav, KaXeaa<; 6 ^ldp^a<; to /jtecpaKLov TO Tr]V ayKVpav (f)€pov, " €7n/jL€\7]6rjTi,^' ^4^V> " "^^^ A7roWo)VLOv eTalpcov. 6 Be 7roXka> Oclttov rj ol Tayel<i; tmv opvlOoov TropevOelf; re kuI iiraveXdcov, " e7TiiJLefieKr]fjLai e(f>r]. OepaiTevaavTe<; ovv to, TToXXa T(ov lepMV aveiravovTO iv rot? OdfcoL^;, 6 Be ^ldp)(a^ TTpb^ TO /leLpaKiov, " eKcpepe, elire, " tw ao(f)a) AttoWcovlo) tov ^pacoTOv dpovov, Xv eV avTov BtaXeyoiTo.^^ XVIII ^y[^\ '^9 Be eKaOiaev, ** epcora," e(pr), " o ti ^ovXei, Trap avBpa<; yap y/c€i<; TrdvTa elBoTa^;^ r^peTO ovv 6 ^AttoXXcovio^;, el Kal avToi/^ taaatv, oto/xez^o? avTov, cjcTTrep "^iXXrjve^;, ')(aXeTrov riyelaQai to eavTov yvodvai, 6 Be iTncrTpeyjraf; irapd ttjv tov WttoXXcovlov Bo^av, " rj/jLelf;,^^ ^<t>V> " TrdvTa yiyvoa- (TKOfiev, eTreiBrj TrpcoTOV^; eafTOU? jiyvayaKOfiev, ov yap av irpoaeXOoL t^9 rjfxojv ttj cfyiXoaocfiia TavTrj /jlt} irpcoTOv elBcof; eavTOV. ' 6 Be - ATToXXayviOf; dvafxvricrOei^ mv tov ^pacoTOV i'jKovcre, Kat ottci)? o (f)iXoao(f)7]aetv /jbiXXcov eavTov l3aaavL<Ta<; eTri'^eipei, T0VT(p ^vve')((ji)priae tm Xoyco, tovtI yap Kal irept eavTov eireireicrTo. irdXiv ovv rjpeTo, Tiva<; avTOV^ 266 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III like a billow of the sea and raised them up two cubits chap. high into the air. But they sang a song resembling ^^^^ the paean of Sophocles which they sing at Athens in honour of Asclepius. But when they had alighted upon the ground, larchas called the stripling who carried the anchor and said : '^ Do you look after the companions of ApoUonius." And he went off swifter than the quickest of the birds, and coming back again said : " I have looked after them." Having fulfilled then the most of their religious rites, they sat down to rest upon their seats, but larchas said to the stripling : " Bring out the throne of Phraotes for the wise ApoUonius that he may sit U}K)n it to converse with us." XVIII And when he had taken his seat, he said : " Ask chap. X V T I T whatever you like, for you find yourself among people who know everything." Apollonius then asked him discuss seif- whether they knew themselves also, thinking that ^no^ie<i&e he, like the Greeks, would regard self-knowledge as a difficult matter. But the other, contrary to ApoUonius' expectations, corrected him and said : " We know ever\i:hing, just because we begin by knowing ourselves ; for no one of us would be admitted to this philosophy unless he first knew himself." And Apollonius remembered what he had heard Phraotes say, and how he who would become a philosopher must examine himself before he under- takes the task ; and he therefore acquiesced in this answer, for he was convinced of its truth in his own case also. He accordingly asked a fresh question, 267 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. YjyolvTO, 6 Be/' 0€ov<;," eliTev, iwepo/jLevov Be avTov, Oia TV, on, €(pr), ayauoi ea/iev avupcoTroi. TOVTO TO) AttoWcovkp ToaavT'Tj'^ eBo^ev evirai- Bevaia^ elvai fxearov, ft)9 elirelv avTo koI 7rpo<; Aofjueriavov vcrrepov ev toI<; virep eavrov Xoyot^;. XIX CAP. ^AvaXa^cov ovv rrjv epcorrjaLV, " rrepl -v/ri; ^^9 8e," eiire, tto)^ (ppovetre; w? ye, eiire, iivuayopa^ /jb€v v/jlIv, /;/A€t9 Be KlyvTrrioi^; 7rapeBo)Ka/jLev.^^ " et7roL<^ av ovv," ecjirj, " KaOairep 6 HvOayopa^; ¥jV(j)opfiov eavTov a7re(f)7)vev, on koI av, Trplv e? rovO' TjiceLV to awfxa, Tpcocov Ti9 rj 'A^aiwi^ rjcrOa Tj beiva ; be ivbo^;, ipoia fiev ciTrcoXero, elirev, " vtto tcov TrXevaavTcav 'A')(^aLa)v rore, vfid^ Be aiTo\w\eKa(TLv ol eV avrfj \6yoi' fiovovs yap dvBpa<; rjyovfievoi tov<; e? Tpolav arparevo-avTa^;, d/jLeXelre TrXeiovcov re koX Oeiorepayv dvBpcov, oi)? 7; re vfierepa yrj koI r] AlyvTrTLCov koX 7) ^IvBcov YjveyKev, eirel tolvvv ijpov fie irepl rov irporepov ado/xaro^, elire fioL, nva Oavfiacnayrepov 77777 twv eirt Ipouav re Kat vTrep Ipotaf; eXUovToyv ; eyco, ecjiTj, "'Ai^iXXea rbv YlrjXecLx; re koX ®eTiBo<;, 0UT09 yap Br] /cdXXtaro^; re elvai rw 'Ofirjpo) v/jbvrjrai Ka\ Trapd Trdvra'!; 701)9 'A;)(;aiOL'9 /JLeya<;, 268 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III namely, who they considered themselves to be ; and chap. the other answered "We consider ourselves to be ^^^'^ Gods." Apollonius asked afresh : "'Why }" ^' Because/' said the other, " we are good men." This reply struck Apollonius as so instinct with trained good sense, that he subsequently mentioned it to Domitian in his defence of himself. XIX He therefore resumed his questions and said : chap. "And what view do you take of the soul ? " "That," /^^^ replied the other, " which Pythagoras imparted to migraTion you, and which we imparted to the Egyptians." ofs""is " Would you then say," said Apollonius, " that, as Pj'thagoras declared himself to be Euphorbus, so you yourself, before you entered your present body, were one of the Trojans or Achaeans or someone else ? " And the Indian replied : " Those Achaean sailors were the ruin of Troy, and your talking so much about it is the ruin of you* Greeks. For you imagine that the campaigners against Troy were the only heroes that ever were, and you forget other heroes both more numerous and more divine, whom your own country and that of the Egyptians and that of the Indians have produced. Since then you have asked me about my earlier incarnation, tell me, whom you regard as the most remarkable of the assailants or defenders of Troy." "I," replied Apollonius, " regard Achilles, the son of Peleus and Thetis, as such^ for he and no other is celebrated by Homer as excelling all the Achaeans in personal 269 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. ep'ya re avrov fieyaka olSe. koX /jieydXcov a^ioi T0i»9 ALavrd<; re koX l!^i,pea<;, oc fier iefclvov KoXoi re avTw fcal yevvaloi aSovrai. " Trpo? tovtovT e^7), " ^AiroWcovte, /cat rov irpoyovov Oecopei rov ifiov, fidWov Be rb irpoyovov aoyfia, rovrl yap koX Tlvdayopa^i l^^vcpop^op ijyecTO. XX CAP. ^Hv TOLvvv" €(p7), ')(^p6vo^, OT At^t07r€9 p^ev (pKovv ivravOa, y€vo<; 'IvBckov, AWiOTTta 3' ovirw rjv, dXX! vTrep M^eporjv re kol K^araBovTrov; Mpiaro AiyvTrro*;, avrrj koX Td<; irr^yd'^ rov ^eiXov TrapexPP^'^V ^^^ toI'^; iKJBoXal^i ^vvaTroXrjyovaa. ov pev Br] y^povov wkovv ivravOa ol AlOloTre^i viroKeip^voi /SaatXel Tar/yr), rj re yrj avrov^; LK.avoi's €<f)ep/3e koI ol Oeol crcpcov eirep^eXovvro, eirel Be drreKreLvav rov ^aaiXea rovrov, ovre rot? aXXot<; ^IvBol's fcaOapol eBo^av, ovre t) yi) ^vve'^wpei avrol<; taracrdai, rrjv re yap arropdv, f)v 69 avrr)V erroLOvvro, irplv 69 KoXvKa r\KeLVy €(l)Oeipe, rov<; re rcjv yvvatKCjp roKov^ dreXel<^ erroieL, Ka\ rd(; dyeXa<; rrovrjpo)^ e/SoaKe, rroXiv re OTTOL fidXoivro, vrreBlBov i) yvj Kal v7re')(copeL Kdro). Kal ydp n koI (j)dapa rov Tdyyov rrpolovra^ avrov^; rjXavvev evraparrop,evov r(p opiXcp, ov TTporepov dvrjKe, rrpiv ye Bj] rov<; avOevra^ Kal rov<; rb alpa %6/3crf, 7rpd^avra<i rrj 270 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III beauty and size, and he knows of mighty deeds of chap. his. And he also rates very highly such men as ^^^ Ajax and Nireus, who were only second to him in beauty and courage, and are celebrated as such in his poems." " With him/' said the other, "■ O Apollonius, I would have you compare my own ancestor, or rather my ancestral body, for that was the light in which Pythagoras regarded Euphorbus. XX "There was then," he said, "a. time when the chap. Ethiopians, an Indian race, dwelt in this country, and ^^ when Ethiopia as yet was not : but Egypt stretched Jxpu?fiolr its border beyond Meroe and the cataracts, and of the on the one side included in itself the fountains of from°india the Nile, and on the other was only bounded by the mouths of the river. Well, at that time of which I speak, the Ethiopians lived here, and were subject to King Ganges, and the land was sufficient for their sustenance, and the gods watched over them ; but when they slew this king, neither did the rest of the Indians regard them as pure, nor did the land permit them to remain upon it ; for it spoiled the seed which they sowed in it before it came into ear, and it inflicted miscarriages on their women, and it gave a miserable feed to their flocks ; and wherever they tried to found a city, it would give way and sink down under their feet. Nay more, the ghost of Ganges drove them forward on their path and struck terror into their multitude, and it did not quit them until they atoned to earth by sacrificing 271 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. tyfi KaOiepevaav. rjv he dpa 6 Tdyyr)<; ovto<; 8eKd7r7j')^v<; fiev to fir^Ko^, ttjv Se oypav olo<^ ovirco T^9 dvOpcoTTcop, TTorafJiOv 8e Vd<y<yov 7ral<;' top Be irarepa rov eavrov rrjv 'IvStKrjv eTTCKXv^ovra avTO's 6? TTjv 'KpvOpdv erpe-y^re, /cal BufSXa^ev avTOV rfj yrj, odev r\ yrj ^covri /xev acpOova e<f)epev, aTroOavovTL he erc/jLoopec. eirel he rbv 'A^iXKea yj[jLT)po<; ayei fxev virep tjXev7](; 69 Ipouav, (prjai, oe avTov hcohefca fjuev TroXei,^ e/c OaXdrrrji; ypr^Kevai, Tre^fj he evheKa, yvval/cd re vtto tov ^aai\eco<=; dcpatpeOevra e? fJLrjVLv aTrevex^V^ca, ore hrj drepd- fjLova /cal dtpLov ho^ai, a/ceyjroofMeOa rov Ivhbv 7rpos ravra' iroXecov fjuev tolvvv e^rjKOVTa olKtaTr)<; eyeveTO, aiirep elal hoKi/jbcoraroi t6)v rfjhe — to he iTopOelv TToXec^ oVrt? ev/cXeearepov 7)yelTat tov dvoL/ci^eiv ttoXlv ovk eaTi — ^KvOa^ he Tov<i vTrep l^avfcaaov iroTe aTparevaavTa^ eirl T7]vhe ttjv yrjv direoidaTO. to he eXevOepovvTa Tr)v eavTOV yr^v avhpa dyaOov (^aiveaOai iroXXcp jBeXTiov tov hovXeiav eTrdyeiv iroXei, koI Tav6^ virep yvvai/co<;, TjV €Iko<; fJLrjhe ciKovaav rjpTrdaOai. ^Vfipa'^ia^ he avTw yevo/jLevT)^ tt/^o? tov dp')(^ovTa rf;? ')(^oopa<;, f)^ vvv ^paa)T7j(; ap-)(€L, KdKeirov irapavofKOTaTd Te /cal daeXyecrraTa yvval/ca dipeXo/Juevov avTov, ov \ irapeXvae tov<; op/cov^, ovtco ^e^alco^ op.wp,OKevaL (f)r)o-a<i, ft)9 firjhe ottotc yhtKecTO Xvirelv avTov. 272 I LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III the murderers who had shed the king's blood with chap. their hands. Now this Ganges it seems, was ten ^ "' cubits high, and in personal beauty excelled any Ganges man the world had yet seen, and he was the son of the river Ganges ; and when his own father inundated India, he himself turned the flood into the Red Sea, and effected a reconciliation between his father and the land, with the result that the latter brought forth fruits in abundance for him when living, and also avenged him after death. And since Homer brings Achilles to Troy in Helen's behalf, and relates how he took twelve cities by sea and eleven on land, and how he was carried away by wrath because he had been robbed of a woman by the king, on which occasion, in my opinion, he shewed him- self merciless and cruel, let us contrast the Indian in similar circumstances. He on the contrary set himself to found sixty cities, which are the most considerable of those hereabouts — and I would like to know who would regard the destruction of cities as a better title to fame than the rebuilding of them — and he also repulsed the Scythians who once invaded this land across the Caucasus. Surely it is better to prove yourself a good man by liberating your country than to bring slavery upon a city, and that too in behalf of a woman who probably was never carried oif even against her will. And as he had formed an alliance with the king of the country, over which Phraotes now rules, although that other had violated every law and principle of morality by carrying off his wife, he yet did not break his oath, and so stable, he said, was his pledged word, that, in spite of the injury he had suffered, he would not do anything to harm that other. 273 VOL. I. T FLAVIUS PHII-OSTRATUS XXI ^^- ' Kal TrXela) Scyecv av rod dvSpo^;, el /jltj eV eirat- vov WKVOVv eavTOv Kadiaraa-dai, elfu yap aoc iicelvo'^, Tovrl Se eSrjXcocra <y€yovco<; err) rerrapa' eTTTCL yap irore ahafiavriva rov Tdyyov tovtov ^L(f)'y) €9 yyjv irrj^avro^, virep tov firjBev SelfMa e/jLTreXd^eiv rfj yoipa, Kal roiv Oeoiiv Oveip fiev KeXevovTwv rjK0VTa<^, ov ireinnye ravra, to Be '^(opLOV ovK e^yovfjLevcov, ev o5 eTreTrrjyei, 7rai<; iyo) Ko/jLLBfj Tvy^dvcov Tjyayov to 1^9 e^r]yr]Ta<; iirl rdcf)- pov Kal opvrreLv irpocrera^a, exel (f)rj(Ta<; /cara- reOelcrOac avrd. XXII CAP. " Kal fMrjiroi OavfjLdcrr)^ rovfiov, el e^ ^IvSov 69 ivCov oteooarjv' ovro^ y^P> oeL^a<; n /xei- pdKLov eiKoai ttov yeyovb<; errj, " irecfyvKe fxev irpo^ (f)L\oao(f)Lap virep 7rdvTa<; dvOpaiirovs, eppco- rai Se, (t)9 opa<;, Kal KareaKevaarau yevvai(D<; to aoifia, KapTepel he irvp Kal TOfJurjv irda-avy Kal TOLocrhe cov d'rre')(6dveTai tjj (f)L\oao(f)La" " rt ovVy^ elirev, " 03 ^Idp'^a, to fieLpaKcov 7rdOo<i ; Sec- vov yap Xeyec<;, el ^vvTeTay/ievo<; ovtccx; vtto Ti)9 (pvaeco^; fir] daTrd^eTat ttjv (f)i\oao(f)iav, fiTjEe epa tov pavOdvetv, Kal TavTa v/jLlv ^vvcov.' " ov ^vv- ecTTLvT eXirev, " aXX' Mairep ol \eovTe<;, aKcov 274 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III XXI " And I could eiiuiner'ate many more merits of this '^^y j * great man, if I did not shrink from pronouncing a ^^^^ ^^ panegyric upon myself ; for I may tell you I am the reincar- person in question, as I clearly proved when I was pirlotrs four years old. For this Ganges on one occasion fixed seven swords made of adamant in the earth, to prevent any monster approaching our country ; now the gods ordered us to go and offer a sacrifice where he had implanted these " weapons, though without indicating the spot where he had fixed them. I was a mere child, and yet I led the interpreters of their will to a trench, and told them to dig there, for it was there 1 said that they had been laid. XXII " And you must not be surprised at my transforma- chap. tion from one Indian to another ; for here is one," and he pointed to a stripling of about twenty years nation of of age, " who in natural aptitude for philosophy Paiamedes excels everyone, and he enjoys good health as you see, and is furnished with an excellent constitution ; moreover he can endure fire and all sorts of cutting and wounding, yet in spite of all these advantages he detests philosophy." " What then," said Apol- lonius, " O larchas, is the matter with the youth ? For it is a terrible thing you tell me, if one so well adapted by nature to the pursuit refuses to embrace philosophy, and has no love for learning, and that although he lives with you." " He does not live 275 T 2 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. etXtjiTTat, KoX KadelpKTat /xev, vTro^Xewei Be rfficop TiuaaevovT(ov avrov Kat KaTayjrcovrcov. jeyove fjbev ovv TO fjueLpcLKLOv TovTo UaXa/jL'^Srjf; 6 iv Tpoua, K6'^pr]Tat Be evavTi(OTdT0L<^ ^OBvaael Kal OfjLTjpw, T(j) fiev ^vvOevTC eir avrov Te;^ya9, u^' Mv /care\c6(t)dr], too Be ovBe eirov^ avrov d^io)- aavri. Kal eTreiBr) p,7]0 rj aoipua avrov n, r)v el'^ev, wvqae, juLjjre 'Ofxr^pov iiracverov erv^ev, v(f>' ov TToWol Kal ra)V fit) irdvv airovBaiwv 69 ovofia rj')(0')](Tav, OBvaaeco(; re 7]rrr]T0 clBlkcov ovBev, Bia- ^e^Xrjrat irpog (f)iXoao(f)Lav Kal 6Xo(f)vperaL rb eavrov 7rddo<;. eart Be ovro<i TIa\ap7]B')]<;, 09 Kal ypd^et fJUT] [xaOoiv ^pdyLp^arar XXIII CAP. ^OLavra BiaXeyofxevcov rrpoaeXOcov rcb Idpya XXIII ' dyryeXo^;, " 6 ^aaiXev^T ^cfyy, " irepl BelXrjv irpoarr^v d(f)L^erat, ^vvea6jjLevo<; vp.lv irepl rwv eavrov TTpaypdrcov. 6 Be, " rjKerco/' elrre, *' Kal yap dv Kal j3e\ri(t)v direXdoi yvov<; dvBpa "KXXrjva.^^ Kal el7rot)v ravra iraXiv rov irporepov Xoyov et')(^ero, r}pero ovv rov ^ATroXXwnov, " (tv B* dv et7rot9,' 6^77, " ro rrpwrov crMpa Kal oart^ irpo rov vvv rjaOa ;'* Be elirev, " erreiBrj dBo^ov rjv fiot' eKelvo, oXlya avrov p^p,vrip.air viroXa^uiv ovv 'ldp'^a<;, 276 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III with us," replied the other, '^but he has been caught chap. like a lion against his will and confined here, but he ^^^^ looks askance at us when we trv to domesticate him and caress him. The truth is this stripling was once Palamedes of Troy, and he found his bitterest enemies in Odysseus and Homer ; for the one laid an ambush against him of people by whom he was stoned to death, while the other denied him any place in his Epic ; and because neither the wisdom with which he was endowed was of any use to him, nor did he meet with any praise from Homer, to whom never- theless many people of no great importance owe their renown, and because he was outwitted by Odysseus in spite of his iiinocence, he has conceived an aver- sion to philosophy, and deplores his ill-luck. x\nd he is Palamedes, for indeed he can write without having learned his letters." XXIII While they were thus conversing, a messenger chap approached larchas and said : ^' The King will come ^^^^^ early in the afternoon to consult you about his ovm t^^^-^^s business." And larchas replied: '^'^ Let him come, f<^imer life for he too will go away all the better for making the acquaintance of a man of Hellas." And after saying this, he went on with his former discourse. He accordingly asked Apollonius the question : "Will you tell us," he said, '*^ about your earlier incarnation, and who you were before the present life ? " And he replied : Since it was an ignoble episode, I do not remember much about it." larchas therefore took him up and said : " Then you 277 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP ** elra aho^ovT €(f>ri, *'r)yy to yevecrOai Kv/Bepvrjrrf^; XXIII 4) / / \/ r r^ /1» At'yv7ma<; u€(o<; ; tovtl yap ere opo) yeyovora.
  • ' oXtjOt] fiev,^^ elirev, " X€y€t<;, &> 'la/o^^^a, tovtI yap
are'xyo)'; iyevofMrjV, rjyovfiai h avro ovk dBo^ov fjLovov, dWa Kal /carafe fi\7]fi€vov, /cal toctovtov fxev a^Lov rols avOpooTroi^i, oaov irep to ap^eiv /cal TO (TTpaTOV rjyelaOai, Ka/c(t)<; 8e aKovov vtro tmv /caOa7TTo/i€V(ov Trj<; 6a\dTTr)<^. to yovv yevvaioTa- rov TMV ifiol iTpa')(devTa}v ovSe iiraivov tl<; rj^iwae Tore. Tt be oi] yevvatov eipyaauai (ptjaet<; tj to 7repL/3e^\rjKevac ^iaXeav Te Kal ^ovvlov -^aXcvcoaa^; eK^epofievTjv Tr)v vavv, Kal to KaTa irpyfjivav Te Kal irpSipav TMV dve/jLcov, oiroOev eK^oOrjaovTat, aa(f)(a<; hteyvcoKevai, ep/jbaTcov Te virepapai to (tkcl^o^; ev YtV^oia KOiXr), ovirep TroXXd tmv aKpcoTrjpicov dva7re7r7]yev; XXIV ^^^\ 'O Be ^ A7roXX(t)VLO(; " eVet yite," elirev, " e? kv^- epvrjTiKov i/ji^L^d^ei^; Xoyov, aKOve, hoKOi {jlol roTe vyto)^ irpd^ar ttjv OdXaTTav iroTe tmv ^olvikwv XrjCTTal vTreKaOrjvTO, Kai ecpoiTcov irept ra? TroXef? dvaiJLavddvovTes t/? tl dyot. KaTtS6vT€<; ovv efxirop- iav Xa/JbTTpdv r^? veco^;, ol twi' Xr)(TT03V irpo^evot BteXeyovTo /jlol diroXa^ovTes fie, iroaov tl ^Oe^oifii Tov vavXov, eyo) Be ')(^LXi(ov €(f)rjv, €7rei8r) Terrayoe? 278 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 111 think it ignoble to have been the pilot of an chap. Egyptian vessel^ for I perceive that this is what ^^^^^ you were?" " Wliat you say/' said Apollonius^ "is true, larchas ; for that is really what I was ; but I consider this profession not only inglorious but also detestable, and though of as much value to humanity as that of a prince or the leader of an araiy, never- theless it bears an evil repute by reason of those who follow the sea ; at any rate the most noble of the deeds which I performed no one at the time saw fit to praise." '^ Well, and what would you claim for yourself in the way of noble achievement ? Is it your having doubled the capes of Malea and Sunium, by checking your ship when it was drifting out of its course, and your having discerned so accurately the quarters from which the winds would blow both fore and aft, or your getting your boat past the reefs in the hollows of Eubc^ea, where any number of spits stick up in the sea ? " XXIV But Apollonius replied : " Since you tempt me to chap talk about pilotage, I would have you hear what I ' consider to have been my soundest exploit at that time. The Phoenician pirates at one time infested xhe talc the sea, and were hanging about the cities to pick up pho^j^i^ian information about the cargoes which different people pirates had. The agents of the pirates spied out accordingly a rich cargo which I had on board my ship, and having taken me aside in conversation, asked me what was my share in the freight ; and I told them that it was a thousand drachmas, for there were four people in 279 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. i/cv8epva)v rhv vavv. ' oiKia 6e,' €<haaav * eaji XXIV / / ^ ^ ^^ V V ^ aoL;^ ' /caXv/3r] Trovrjpd,^ e(J37]v, ' Trepl ttjv vrjaov TTjv ^dpov, ov TToXai TTore 6 Upcorev^; aifcet.^ * ^ov- XoLo av ovv^ rjpovTo p>€, ' 'yevecrOai aoi yrjv fiev dvrl Oa\dTrr]<^, ol/CLav Be avTi t% /cdXv/Srj^;, to Se vav- \ov heicdKt^; tovto, fca/ccov re i^ekdelv fivpioiv, a diro T?7? OaXdrrr)^ dvoihovG7]<^ i<y')(^pi7rT€L toU Ku/SepvMCTiv; ' ^ovkeaOai fiev elirov, ov firjv dpira- ycov ye ifiavrov d^iovv, OTTore cro(f)coT€po^ ipavrov yey ova Kal crrecfidvcov i^^ico/jiac irapd t?}? ri'^vrjf;. TrpoiovTcov 8 avTMV koX jSaXdvTid jjlol Spa'^p.cov fjuvpicov Scoaeov (pacT/covrcov, el yevoi/jbrjv avrol^, o e^ovXovTO, Xiyeiv rjBr) Trape/ceXevad/jirjv w? jmySev eXXei^lrcov rod 7rd<; dvrfp yeveaOau (7(j)Lar Xeyov/rt St) fieXeSoxvol jmIv elvai Xyarcov, helcrOai Si jjlov /jltj d^eXeaOaL avTOv^ to ttjv vavv iXetv, fi7]Se e? darv ifcirXevaai, oirore ifceWev dpai/jii, dXX v<pop/jLLcra(j- Oai Tfp dKpcoTTjpiO), raf; vav^; yap rd^i XrjcrTpLKd<; iv TrepL^oXfj eajdvai, Kal ofivvvai fioi i^ovXovro /jltjt avTov fJL€ diroKTevelv, fcal dvrjaeLV Be rov Odvarov oh av iyo) TrapaLTcojuai. €70; Be vovOerelv fiev avTov<; ovK da<^aXes ifJuavTW rjyov/jirjv, Beiaafi firj diroyvovTe<; e/jb^dXcoai /jterecopcp rfj vrjl /cal diroXcoixeOd ttov tov 7reXdyov<;, co? Be virovpyrjcrai virea')(pfjb'r}v, a e^ov- XovTO, 6/jLvvvai €cf)r]v avTOV<; Belv rj /jLtjv dXrjOevaeiV 280 LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK III command of the ship. ^And,' said thev, '^have you chap a house ? ' 'A wretched hut/ I replied^ ' on the Island of Pharos^ where once upon a time Proteus used to live.' ^ Would you like then/ they went on, '^to acquire a landed estate instead of the sea^ and a decent house instead of your hut, and ten times as much for tlie cargo as you are going to get now ? And to get rid of a thousand misfortunes which beset pilots owing to the roughness of the sea?' I replied that I would gladly do so^ but that I did not aspire to become a pirate just at a time when I had made myself more expert than I ever had been, and had won cro%\'ns for my skill in my profession. However they persevered and promised to give me a purse of a thousand drachmas, if I would be their man and do what they wanted. Accordingly I egged them on to talk by promising not to fail them, but to assist them in every way. Then they admitted that they were agents of the pirates, and besought me not to deprive them of a chance of capturing the ship, and instead of sailing away to the city whenever I weighed anchor thence, they arranged that I should cast anchor under the promontory, under the lee of which the pirate ships were riding ; and they were * willing to swear that they would not only not kill myself, but would spare the life of any for whom I interceded. I for my part did not consider it safe to reprehend them, for I was afraid that if they were driven to despair, they would attack my ship on the high seas and then we should all be lost somewhere at sea ; accordingly I promised to assist their enter- prise, but I insisted upon their taking oath to keep their promise truly. They accordingly made oath, for our interview took place in a temple, and then I 281 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. ravra. ofjboadvrwv tolvvv, koli ^yap iv lepw hueXe- XXIV yovTO, ' ;^&)/oetTe,' e(\)r]V, ' iirl ra tmv Xyarcov TrXola, r]fji€L<; yap vvKTWp dcp'^ao/iev.^ /cal 7ndava)T€po<; ehoKovv en irepl rod vofxicrixaTO^ SiaXeyofjuevo';, co? Boki/jLop dTrapiOfiTjOeir] /xot Kal fjur) irpojepov rj rrjv vavv eXcoatv. ol fiev Brj i'^wpovv, iyo) Be r}Ka e? TO 7reXayo<; virepapa^; rov aKpayTTipiov^ '* raOr' ovv, elirev o lap^a?, " ATroXXcovte, BcKatoavvrj<; riyf) epya; " " koX irpo^ 76," ec/)?;, " (jaXavOpwiria^;, TO yap fjLT) dirohoaOai 'yjrv^dfi dvOpcoTTcov, fxrjK d7re/jb7roXf]aaL ra tmv ejjbiropwv, %/3?7yLtaTa)y re KpeiTTO) yeveaOaL vavTrjv ovra, 7roXXd<; dp€Ta<; olfjtai, ^vv€iX7)(f>evaL.^' XXV CAP reXdaa<; ovv 6 'lvS6<;, " eoiKa^^^ e^ry, ** to /at) dBiKelv BiKULocrvvyv 7)y€ta6ai,, toutI Be ol/jLac Kal 7rdvTa(;FiXX7)va<;' &)? yap eyoo irore AlyvTrricov Bevpo d(f)iKo/jLevcov ijKOvaa, (poiTcoac fxev vpuv diro tt)? 'P(op,rj(; r)yefjb6v€<; yvfivbv rjppLevoi rov TreXeKVv €<^' v/jLd<;, ouTTO) yLyv(oafcovTe<;, el (pavXcov dp^ovatv, vfjuel^i Be, el /jlt) ircoXolev Ta? BiKa^i ovtol, cjyare auTOU? BiKaiov^; elvai. tovtI Be /cal tou? tmv dvBpaiToBcov Ka7rr]Xov<; dKOvco eKel TrpdrTeiv, el yap d(f)iKocvTO Kardyovre^i vjuv dvBpuTroBa Kapc/ca /cal TO r)6o<; avTMV ecjyep/jurjvevoiev v/jlIv, eiraivov TToiovvrai tmv dvBpaTroBwv to fJir) KXeiVTeiv avrd, 282 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III said : ' You betake yourselves to the ships of the chap. pirates at once, for we will sail away by night.' And ^^ they found me all the more plausible from the way I bargained about the money, for I stipulated that it must all be paid me in current cash, though not be- fore they had captured the ship. They therefore went off, but I put straight out to sea after doubling the promontory." "This then," said larchas, " O Discussion ApoUonius, you consider the behav^iour of a just 3"^*^^^^ man?" "Why yes," said ApoUonius, "and of a humane one too ! for I consider it was a rare combi- nation of the virtues for one who was a mere sailor to refuse to sacrifice men's lives, or to betray the interests of many merchants, so rising superior to all bribes of money." XXV Thereupon the Indian smiled and said : " You chap XXV seem to think that mere abstention from injustice ^ .1. . constitutes justice, and I am of opinion that all the of Greek Greeks do the same. For as I once learned from the ™*^^"*^^*y Egyptians that come hither, governors from Rome are in the habit of visiting your country, brandishing their axes naked over your heads, before they know whether they have cowards to rule or not ; but you acknowledge them to be just if they merely do not sell justice. And I have heard that the slave merchants yonder do exactly the same ; for when they come to you with convoys of Carian slaves and are anxious to recommend their characters to you, they make it a great merit of the slaves that they do not steal. In the same way do you recommend on 283 I FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. T0U9 fxev St) ap')(pvra<^, ol<^ vTroKelcrdai (bare, roiov- Tcov d^covT^, fcat XafiTrpvpovrefi avrovf; i7raivoi<;, ol? Trep ra dvSpaTroSa, ^7]X(otov<; TrefiTreTe, &)<? oceaOe, ol he ye ao(f)a)TaTOc TroLrjral vfiayv 01)8' el jSovXeaOe ScKaioi re fcal ')(pr](TTol elvai, ^vy- ')(copov(Jiv vpHv yeveaOai. rbv yap MtVco top o)fjLOTr]TL virepjBaXofJbevov irdvTa'^, /cat hovXwadfjbevov Tat9 vavcrl tov<; eirl OaXdrry re Kal ev OaXdrrrj BiKaiO(7VV7](; (jKYjirTpw TLfjiCf)VT€<;, ev^'AcSov KaOi^ovat Bcairdv ral^ ■yjrv^at^;, rov 8' av TdvraXov, eTretSr) ^pricrro*^ re rjv Kal rot? ^tXot? rr)? virapyo-uavs avTO) Trapd tmv Oeo)v dOavaala^; /jLereSiSov, irorov re eipyovcri. fcal cnrov, elal Be ot Kal XiOov<; avrtp eiTLKpeixdaavTe'^ Secvd ecj^v^pi^ovcri delw re Kal dyaOw dvSpu, 01)9 i/SovXo/jirjv dv puaXXov Xi/jivrjv avTW irepifiXvaaL veKTapo<;, eTreiBrj (jyiXavO panrcL)^ avTov Kal d(f)06v(o<; TrpovTrive.' Kal dfia Xeyccv ravra eireheiKW dyaXjia ev dpiarepa, cp eireye- ypaiTTO TANTAA051. to fxev Br) dyaXpLa rerpd- '^VX^ V^' ai^3/?l Be ea>K€i Trev^TjKovTOvrrj, Kal rpoirov ^ ApyoXiKov ecrraXro, 7rap7]XXaTTe Be rrjp '^Xap.vBa, coairep ol SerraXoi, (j>idX7]v re irpovirivev diro- y^poicrav evl Bl'^mvti, ev y aToXaypua eKd'yXat,ev dK7)pdT0v TTCoyLtaro? ov)^ v7rep/3Xv^ov rij^ (f)idXr)(;. 6 TL pLev ovv rjyovvrai avro Kal e^' oto) a7r' avrov TTLvovai, Br)Xa)aco avnKa. ttXtjv dXXa rjyeicrOai '^prj Tov TdvraXov pLT) ttj yXcoTTrj e(f)evTa, KOivoivq- 284 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III such grounds the rulers whose sway you acknowledge, chap. and after decorating them with such praises as you ^^^ lavish upon slaves, you send them away,, objects, as you imagine, of universal admiration. Nay more, your cleverest poets will not give you leave to be just and good, even if you want to. For here was Minos, Minos a man who exceeded all men in cruelty, and who enslaved with his navies the inhabitants of continent and islands alike, and yet they honour him by placing in his hand a sceptre of justice and give him a throne in Hades to be umpire of spirits ; while at the same time they deny food and drink to Tantalus, merely Mytho- because he was a good man and inclined to share Tantalus with his friends the immortality bestowed on him by the Gods. And some of them hang stones upon him, and rain insults of a terrible kind upon this divine and good man ; and I would much rather that they had represented him as swimming in a lake of nectar, for he pledged men in that drink humanely and ungrudgingly." And as he spoke he pointed out a statue which stood upon his left hand, on which was inscribed the name " Tantalus." Now this statue was four cubits high, and represented a man of fifty years who was clad in the fashion of Argolis, though he parted his cloak in the way the Thessalians do, and he held a cup sufficient at least for one thirsty man and drank your health therefrom, and in the goblet there was a liquor, an unmixed draught which frothed and foamed, though without bubbling over the edge of the cup. Now I will presently explain what they consider this statue to be, and for what reason they drink from it. In any case, however, we must suppose that Tantalus was not assailed by the poets because he gave rein to his tongue, but because FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. aavra Be dvOpooTroif; rov veKrapo^ vtto tmv TTotrjTMV eXavveaOai, OeoU Se /jlt] Btaffe^rjcrOai avTov, ov yap civ, el 6eot<; aTTT/^^ero, fcpcOr]val TTore VTTO Twt' ^IvBcov dyaOov, OeocpLXeardrcov ovrcov Koi /jLijSev e^o) rov Oeiov tt parr ovrcov. XXVI ^^P-j AiaTpl/3ovTa<i Be avTov<; irepl rov \6yov rovrov 6opv^o<; eK rrji; kco/jl7)(; rrpoae^aXev, d(f)tKro Be apa jBaaCkev^ fir)BiK(orepov KareaKevaa fxevo^i teal oyKov jjbearo'^. d^OeaOel'; ovv 6 ^ldp)^a<i, " el Be ^pacor7](;, e^r], " KaraXvwv ervyyavev. elBe<; dv coairep ev /j,var7]pt(p aL(07rrj<; fjueard irdvra.^^ €k rovrov fiev Br] ^vvrJKev 6 'A7ro\Xo)vio<;, tw? l3a(TcXev<; eKelvo<; ov/c oXlyo) /Jiepei, (pLXoaocpia Be rrdar) rov ^pacorov XenroLro, padvjxov^i Be IBcjv rov<i ao(f)ovs Kol /MtjBev 7rapa(7Kevd^ovra<;, mv Bel r(p ^aaCXel /jLcrd /jLeo-Tj/jL^pLav rJKOvri, " Trot," 6^77, " ^aaiXev^ Biairi^aerai ; " '* evravOa^ e<^aaav, " oiv yap eve/ca i^Ket, vvKrcop BiaXeyofieda, eTreiBr) Kal ffeXncov Kaipb<i 77/909 ySofXa?." *' Kal TyoaTrefa," ecpt], irapaKeiaerai rjKovri ; vi) At , etirov,
  • ' Tra'x^ecd re Kal rrdvra eyovaa, orroaa ivravOa.^'
'\7ra;^ea)9 ovv, e(f)r), " BiairdaOe ; " '* ?;/iet9 //-eV," etpaaav, " X67rTa>9, rrXeiova yap rjfuv e^ov airl- ^eaOat /iLKpoU ')(^aipofjLev, rw Be ^aaiXel ttoXXcov 286 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III he shared the nectar witli mankind ; nor must we chap. suppose that he was really the victim of the gods' ' " dislike, for, had he been hateful to them, he ^ould never have been judged by the Indians to be a good man, for they are most religious people and never , transgress any divine command. XXVI While they were still discussing this topic, a hubbub ^^^^• down below in the village struck their ears, for it ^^^.^ ^^ ^^^ seems the king had arrived equipped in the height pompous of Median fashion and full of pomp. larchas then, ^"^^ not too well pleased, remarked : " If it were Phraotes who was halting here, you would find a dead silence prevailing everywhere as if you were attending a mystery." From this remark Apollonius realised that the king in question was not only inferior to Phraotes in a few details, but in the whole of philosophy ; and as he saw that the sages did not bestir themselves to make any preparations or pro- vide for the king's wants, though he was come at midday, he said : '^'^ Where is the king going to stay? " " Here," they replied, for we shall discuss by night the objects for which he is come, since that is the best time for taking counsel." " And will a table be laid for him when he comes," said Apollonius. Why, of course," they answered, " a rich table too, furnished with everything which this place provides." "Then," said he, "you live richly?" "We," they answered, " live in a slender manner, for although we might eat as much as we like, we are contented with little ; but the king requires a great 287 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP- Bel, /SovXerat yap. acTijaerat, Be eaylrvyov aev ovoev, ov yap f/eyLtt? evravaa, rpayrj/jLara oe A:at pi^a<? Kal (hpaia, oiroaa vvv y] 'IvSiKrj e%e^ oiroaa T€ at 69 vecora oipat Bcoaovacv.^^ XXVII xxvii ' 'A\X' t'SoL/," 6(1)7], " ovTO<^y irporjeL he apa 6 ^a(TiXev<i aBeX(j)& re Kal vlw afia, '^pvaw re aarpaTTTcov /cal y\n](^oi<^. vTravtara/jLevov Be rod AttoWcoplov, KaTel')(ev avrov 6 ^IdpXd's ev rco Opovcp, /jLTjBe yap avroU Trdrpiov elvau rovro. rov- TOL<; o Aa/ti9 avTO<; puev ov (f)7jaL TrapaTV^elv Bia to Tr)v rj/jLepav eKeiv-qv ev ttj Kcop^rj BiaLrdaOac, 'AttoX- Xcoviov Be dKr)Kooi)(; eyy pdyfrac . avra €9 rov avrov Xoyov. (prjai tolvvv KaOrjixevot^; juuev avrol<; rov IBaatXea Trporeivovra rrjv %et/3a olov eu-^eaOaL T0fc9 avBpdai, tov<^ [Be eirtveveLv, coairep ^vvriOe- /Ltei/of 9 oh fjTei, Tov Be vTreptjBeaOaL rfj eirayyeXia, KaOdirep 69 6eov rjKOvra. rov Be dBeXcpbv rov ^aaiXecd^ Kal tov vlov KaXXtaTov fieipaKLOv ovTa fjLTjBev opdaOat ^eXTLOv r) el dvBpdiroBa tovtcovI TOiv aKoXovdcdv Y)aav. jxeTa TavTa e^avaaTrjvat TOV IvBov Kal (f)covrjv levTa KeXeveiv avTov airov diTTeadaL, tt poaBe^afxevov 3' avTOv Kal tovto p,aXiGTa \iaiJLevw<^, TpiiToBe<^ pev e^eTropevOrjaav YlvdiKOi TCTTape^ avTopbaToi, KaOdirep ol 'Op^rj- peLOi irpolovTe^, olvo^^ooi, 8' eir avT0i<; '^aXKOv peXavo<^, oloL Trap' '^EXXrjacv ol Tavvp,r)BeL'^ Te Kal LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III deal, for that is liis pleasure. But lie will iu)t eat chap. an}^ living creature, for that is wrong to do here, but ^^^^ only dried fruits and roots and the seasonable produce of the Indian land at this time of year, and whatever else the new year's seasons will provide." XXVII "But see," said he, "here he is." And iust then chap. XXV II the king advanced together with his brother and his son, ablaze with gold and jewels. And Apollonius was about to rise and retire, when larchas checked him from leaving his throne, and explained to him that it was not their custom for him to do so. Dam is himself says that he was not present on this occasion, because on that day he was staying in the village, but he heard from Apollonius what happened and wrote it in his book. He says then that when they had sat down, the king extended his hand as if in prayer to the sages, and they nodded their assent as if they were conceding his request ; and he was transported with joy at the promise, just as if he had come to the oracle of a God. But the brother of the king and his son, who was a very pretty boy, were not more considered than if they had been the slaves of the others, that were mere retainers. After that the Indian rose from his place, and in a formal The Sages speech bade the king take food, and he accepted the king the invitation and that most cordially. Thereupon four tripods stepped forth like those of the Pythian temple, but of their own accord, like those W'hich advanced in Homer's poem, and upon them were iiiad is. 375 cupbearers of black brass resembling the figures of 289 vol.. I. u FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP ' " "
af. ol HeXoTre?. rj yi] Be vTreorrupvv iroa^ fiaXafCco-
T€pa<; Tj al evvai. Tpayt^fJuaTa oe koI aproi koX Xd^ava fcal rpcoKra 6)pala, Trdvra iv koct/jlo) icpOLTa SiaK€ifjL€va r}hiov rj el oy^roiTOLol avra irap- ea/ceva^ov, tmv he TpuroScov ol puev hvo otvov eireppeov, toIv Svoiv Be o p^ev vSaTO<; Oepp^ov KprjV7]v irapelyev, o Be av ^^vy^pov. al B e^ ^IvBcov (j)oiT(x)aaL \i9oi Trap "KXXrjac p,ev e? op[jLov<; re Kal Ba/CTvXiOV^ ep^^i^d^ovrai Bta ap,i/cp6Tr)Ta, irapa Be 'Ii^^ot? olvoxoai re -^^VKTrjpe^ re ylyvovrai Bid pueyeOo^i Kal Kparrjpe^ rjXL/cot €p,7rXr](Tat rerrapa^ Mpa €TOv<; Bi^jrcovTa^. tov<; Be olvo')(^6ov<; toi"? '^aX/cov'^ dpveaOaL puev cprjai ^vpip,erp(D<; rod re o'lvov KoX rov vBaro^, irepieXavveiv Be ra*; KvXLKa<;, coairep ev roL<; iroroL^. KaraKelaOai Be avrov<; &>? ev ^vaaLTio) p.ev, ov puriv Trpo/cptrov ye rov /SacrcXea, rovro Br) to irap" "EiXXrjai re Kal 'Pcoyitatoi? TToXXov d^Lov, dXX^ co? eVf^t 7^, ov eKaaro<i coppuTjaev, XXVIII CAP. 'Evret Be irpopei 6 iroro^;, " Trpoiriva) aoi, ' ^\dp- ^a9 elirev, ** w ^aaiXev, dvBpa ' EXX7;^'a," rov ^ ArroXXdtvLov v7roKeKXtp,evov avrw Bei^a^ Kal rrj X^^P TrpoarfpLaivoiv, on yevvalo^ re eXrj Kai 6elo<;. 6 Be PaacXev^, "i^Kovaa" e^rj, " irpoaiJKeLV ^pacorjj 290 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III Ganvniiede and of Pelops amono- the Greeks. And chap. the earth strewed beneath them grass softer than any mattress. And dried fruits and bread and vegetables and the dessert of the season all came in, served in order, and set before them more agreeably than if cooks and waiters had provided it ; now two of the tripods flowed with wine, but the other two supplied, the one of them a jet of warm water and the other of cold. Now the precious stones imported from India are employed in Greece for necklaces and rings because they are so small, but among the Indians they are turned into decanters and wine coolers, because they are so large, and into goblets of such size that from a single one of them four j)ersons can slake their thirst at midsummer. But the cup- bearers of bronze drew a mixture, he says, of wine and w^ater made in due proportions ; and they pushed cups round, just as they do in drinking bouts. The sages, however, reclined as we do in a common banquet, not that any special honour was paid to the king, although great importance would be attached to him among Greeks and Romans, but each took the first place that he chanced to reach. XXVIII And when the wine had circulated, larchas said : chap. " I pledge you to drink the health, O king, of a ^^^'^ Hellene," and he pointed to ApoUonius, who was ^^ op^'Ji^r reclining just below him, and he made a gesture ^^ . with his hand to indicate that he was a noble man ^ ^ °^°^ ^ and divine. But the king said : " I have heard that 291 u2 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. rovTov re /cal tol'9 iv rrj kwixt) KaTokvovra^. >vXVIII ' ^ ^ " o/o^W9," e^T], " KoX a\7)9m rjKOvaa^, eKelvo^ yap KavravOa ^evi^ei avTov. *' rt," e</)>7, " eVtr??- hevovTa; " rt o' aWo 76," elirev, " rj airep iK€ivo<; ; " " ovSev," €<j)7], " ^evov elpr^Ka^ aaira- ^ofievov eirLTrjhevaiv, rj [xr]he i/c€iV(p ^vvex^^pV^^ yevvauM yevia-dac. 6 puev Srj 'Ta/o%a9, " acocppove- arepov^ e(j)7], " m fiacnXev, Trepl (j)tXocro(f}ia<; re /cal ^padiTov yiyvwdKey tov p^ev yap %/)woi^, ov jxeipd- KLOV rjaOa, ^vvexf^pec (tol rj veori-}^ ra Toiavra, eirel he 69 avhpa^ i^aWdrreK; t/St/, cpeiSoop^eda tmv dvoTjTcov re Kal evKoXcov. 6 Be ' A7roW(*iVLo<; epp^rj- V€vovro<; Tov'ldpxa, " <^o\ 8e rt," ecprj, " & ^aaiXev, TO p.r) (f)i\oao(j)7]aaL SeSco/cev ; " " ip^ol Be dpeTtjv Trdcrav Kal to elvai p.€ tov avTov t& 'HXto)." o Be eTTlO-TOp^i^COV aVTOV TOV TUCpOV " 6i e(j)lX0(T0(j)€L^, elirev, *' ov/c av TavTa wou." " (tv Be, eTreiBr) (J)l\o- cro(^6t9, w ^e\Tio-T6," €(/)?;, " tl irepl aavTov oiei ; " " TO ye dvtjp, ecjyr), " dyaOo^ BoKelv, el (fnXo- (Tocpoirjv dvaTeiva^ ovv ttjv X^^P^ ^^ '^^^ ovpavov, "V7) Tov"il\Lov, e(j)7], ^padiTOV p.ecrTO<: TiKei^.^^ 6 Be eppbaiov ye eiroujaaTO tov \6yov Kal uTToXa^cov, " ov p.dT7]V dTroBeBr}p.riTai p.oi, elirev, " el ^pacoTOV p^ecFTO^ yey ova- el Be KUKeivo) vvv 292 LIFE OF APOLLONIL'S, BOOK III he and the persons who are halting in the village ghap. belong to Phraotes." xxviii "Quite right/' he answered, "and true is what vou heard : for it is Phraotes who entertains him here also." " What/' asked the king, " is his mode of life and pursuit? " "'Why, what else/' replied larchas, " except that of that king himself?" " It is no great compliment you have paid him/' answered the king, " by saying that he has embraced a mode of life which has denied even to Phraotes the chance of being a noble man." Thereupon larchas remarked : " You must judge more reasonably, O king, both about philosophy and about Phraotes : for as long as you were a stripling, your youth excused in you such extravagances. But now that you have already reached man's estate, let us avoid foolish and facile utterances." But ApoUonius, who found an interpreter in larchas, said : " And what have you gained, O king, by refusing to be a philosopher?" "What have I gained? Why, the whole of virtue and the identification of myself with the Sun." Then the other, by Avay of checking his pride and muzzling him, said : " If you were a philosopher, you would not entertain such fancies." "And you/' replied the king, " since you are a philosopher, what is your fancy about yourself, my fine fellow ? ' ' "That I may pass," replied ApoUonius, "for being a good man, if only I can be a philosopher." Thereupon the king stretched out his hand to heaven and exclaimed : •' By the Sun, you come here full of Phraotes." But the other hailed this remark as a godsend, and catching him up said : " I have not taken this long journey in vain, if I am become full of Phraotes. But if you should meet him presently, 293 FLA VI us PHILOSTRATUS CAP. ipTvxot^i, Trdvv (^r)(7eL<^ avrov i/juov fiearov elvai, Kol ypdipeiv Bk virep i/iov 7r/909 ere i/SovXero, aX\ iTretSr) e(f>aaK€v avhpa d'yaOov eivai ae, TraprjTT)- (rd/jLTjv TOP 6')(\ov T>}9 i-maToKrj^;, eirel /JLrjSe eKeivw Ti9 virep ifiov iireaTeiXev. ' XXIX CAP. XXIX 'H fiev h^i Trpcorrj irapoivia rov /9a(jiXea)9 eV- ravOa eKrj^ev' aKOvaa^ yap eTraivelaOai avrov vtto rov ^pacoTov, Trj<; re viro-^jrlaf; eirekdOero Kal v(pei<; rov rovov, '^aipe, ecprj, ayaue ^ev€. o Be ^A7roW(t)vto<;, *' Kal av, /Sao-tXev,^* elirev, " 6otKa<; yap vvv 7]K0VTt" " ti<; ae, * e^r;, ** 7r/309 ?7/ia9 Yjyayev ;^ " ovroi,^ eiirevy " ol Oeoi re Kal cro(f)ol avop€<^. irepi ejiov be, ecprj, w ^eve, Tt9 ^0709 ev TOi^ rjWrjaiv ; o(to<; ye, etire, Kai irepi 'EiWrjvcov evravOar *' ovhev^ €<^^> " tmv Trap FX\r)(rLv eycoye \6yov d^toj.^^ " dirayyeXo) ravra^^ elire, " Kal aTe(j)av(oaovaL ere ev OXf/^Trta." XXX CAP. Kal 7rpo(TK\iOel<; rw ^Idp^a, " rovrov /juev, e(f>r), " fieOvetv ea, av Be /jloc etVe rov X^P^^ tol'9 Trepl avrov rovrov<;, dBeXcpov, 61)9 (pare, Kai viov 6vra<; ovK d^iovre kolvyjc; rparre^rj^, ovBe aXXrjf; rLixrj<i, ovBe/jiid<;r orij" ecprj, ^aaiXevaeiv irore rjyovvrai, 294 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 111 you will certainly say that he is full of me ; and he chap. wished to write to you in my behalf, but since he ^^^'^^^ declared that you were a good man, I begged him not to take the trouble of writing, seeing that in his case no one sent a letter commending me." XXIX This put a stop to the incipient folly of the king ; chap. for having heard that he himself was praised by ^^^^ Phraotes,he not only dropped his suspicions,but lower- ing his tone he said: " Welcome, goodly stranger." But Apollonius answered : " And my welcome to you also, O king, for you appear to have only just arrived." "And who," asked the other, " attracted you to us?" "These gentlemen here, who are both Gods and Avise men." And about myself, O stranger," said the king, "what is said among Hellenes?" "Why, as much," said Apollonius, "as is said about the Hellenes here." "As for myself, I find nothing in the Hellenes," said the other, " that is worth speaking of." " I will tell them that," said Apollonius, "and they will crown you at Olympia." And of Hellas XXX And stooping towards larchas he said : " Let him chap go on like a drunkard, but do you tell me why do you ^'^^ not invite to the same table as yourself nor hold worthy of^th" ya^^res of other recognition those who accompany this man, innowaj- though they are his brother and son, as you tell me ? " ^^™ " Because," said larchas, " they reckon to be kings 295 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS ^^ ^€t Be avTOV<; vTrepopcojuevov^; TTacSeveaOai. to /jltj viTepopav. OKTOdKaiheKa Se opcov rov^ ao^ov'^ TToXiv Tov Idpxciv rjpero, tl ^ovKolto avTol<=; to elvai ToaovTOV<;; "ovTe yap tmv TeTpaycovcov 6 api6[JbO<;, OVT€ TMV evBoKLflOVVTCJV T€ fcal Tt/xcofievcov, KaOdirep o tmv Se/ca kol 6 tmv 8a)8efca koL 6 efc/caiSeKa koI OTroaoi TOLOiher v7ro\a/3a}v ovv 6 'Iz^So?, " ovTe ?7yu.efc9," e^'/;, ^' dpiOjJLM BovXevo/jiev ovTe dpcdfiof; r)pZv, a\X diro ao(f>[a^ t€ koI dp€Tr)<^ TTpoTLfioo/jieOa, Kol ore fjuev TrXetou? twz^ vvv ovtwv ecFfiev, OTe Se eXarTOf?. toz^ tol TrdiTTrov top ifj^avTOV dfcovco KaToke^ddrjvai jjuev i<; 6/3SofX7]KOVTa ao^ov<; dvBpa<;, vecoTaTOv avTov ovTa, iTpoekOovTa Se €9 TpidicovTa /cat eKaTov eTrj KaTaKei^Orfvai julovov ivTavOa, t<m iitjt eKeivcov tlvcl XeiirecrOaL €tl, jJbrjTe elvai TTOi TOT€ T?}? IvSifC7](; T) (ptXoao^ovrj yevvaiav (pvaiv. AlyviTTicov toivvv iv tol<; €vSac/xove(TTdTOL<^ ypa^dvTcov avTov, eireihr] fjLovo<=; eTMV TSTTdpoiv i^r]- jTJaaTO TOVTov tov Opovov, TTapiJvet iravaaaOai 6v€L8i^ovTa<; lv8ol<^ (TO(f)cov oXLjavSplav. ruxel^ Be, 0) ATToXXcovLe, Kol Ta HXeto)!^ irdTpia KIjvtttlwv dKovovTe^i Kol Tot'9 K^\XavoBiKa<i , ot irpotaTavTaL Tcov ^OXvfiiTicov, Be/ca 6vTa<;, ovk errraivov/jiev tov vofjbov TOV eirl T0t9 dvBpdcri /cetfievov, KXrjpcp yap ^vyx^fjopovat ttjv a7peacv, 09 irpovoel ovBev, real yap av /cat TO)v (pauXoTepcov ti<; aipedeirj vtto tov KXrjpov. el Be ye dptaTivBrjv rj fcal KUTa '>^i](^ov ypovvTO T0U9 avBpa^, ovk av rj/jbapTavov; rrapa- 296 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III one day themselves, and by being made themselves chap. to suffer disdain they must be taught not to disdain ^^^ others." And remarking that the sages were eighteen in number^ he again asked larchas^ what was the meaning of their being just so many and no more. " For/' he said, " the number eighteen is not a square number, nor is it one of the numbers held in esteem and honour, as are the numbers ten and twelve and sixteen and so forth." Thereupon the Indian took him up and said : " Neither are we beholden to number nor number to us, but we owe our superior honour to wisdom and virtue ; and sometimes we are more in number than we now are, and sometimes fewer. And indeed I have heard that when my grandfather was enrolled among these wise men, the youngest of them all, they were seventy in number, but when he reached his 130th year, he was left here all alone, because not one of them survived him at that time, nor was there to be found anywhere in India a nature that was either philosophic or noble. The Egyptians accordingly wrote and congratulated him warmly on being left alone for four years in his tenure of this throne, but he begged them to cease reproaching the Indians for the paucity of their sages. Now we, O Limit<itioii ' in nvmiDcv Apollonius, have heard from the Egyptians of the not custom of the Elians, and that the Hellanodicae, who ^"it^^i^oice preside over the Olympic games, are ten in number ; by merit but we do not approve of the rule imposed in the case of these men ; for they leave the choice of them to the lot^ and the lot has no discernment, for a worse man might be as easily chosen by lot as a better one. On the other hand, would they not make a mistake, if they had made merit the qualification 297 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAR ^Xrj^L^,. 6 y^p r&v S^«a 6.p,e,M., inapairnro, o>v^ r, ■7r\,co,.o,v Svrcov dvSp&v Sc^aCayv d<j>r,p,2ro &v emov, TO inl to6t<o rcf^a^Oa,, f, oi>c Svroiv h,Kaio>v Se^a ovSu, SS^er odev rroXX^ ao.po.repov id,p6. vovu av RXeloc ip^Q^iA ^h dXKore ciXXo, oVrec diKaioTijTi Se 01 avroL" XXXI CAP. TavTa a7rovBd^ovTa<, avTov<! 6 fiaa-iXevi eV- Kpovew iTreiparo. hdpy^v airoi,^ ^avrh, XSjov >cai aei r, 6>,rX,;«To^ Kal Af^aOh Xiya>v. -rroXiv oiv npero {nrkp rod a^ovSd^ocev, 6 B^ ' A-rroXXciuw, "SiaXejofceda ^h Wip ^eydX<op >cal t&v -jrap' j^^}V<rcv^ e{>BoKi,.a,rdT<.v, ai, S' hv p^cKpk ravra VJOio <f,y<, yap S,a/3,^ija0ac -rrpb, rd 'EXX^vu,,,." '•S,affe^rif.ac ^h dX^ffi,," J,re^, •• d^ovaac b o^o>, /3ovXof,ac. SoKure ydp /.oo Xiyecv Mp \e-nva,o,v, rmv Bip^ov BovXmv.- 6 Si, ' " l-rrhp aXXcov f^iv," ^y, " ScaXey6f.e0a, inel S' drSvrm re Ka, fevSa,, \\0r,va[cov i-^ei^v^ad,,,, i>cetv6, po, ecjre- eo<rv^ aoi, ^aacXev, SovXoc ; " " ScrpvpcoC efv, " icai om i^v7)pul ye air&v odSeva, dXX' €i<Tiv oiKoyeveZ^ rrdpre-i." irdXiv oiv ffpero kppr,- vevovro, rov 'Idpxa. rr6rep avrb, drroScSpda^co, Tou, avrov SovXov, f, ol SovXoi eKelvov, 6 S^ 298 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III and chosen them by vote? Yes^a parallel one^for if you chap. are on no account to exceed the number ten.there may ^^^ be more than ten just men, and you will deprive some of the rank which their merits entitle them to, while if on the other hand there are not so many as ten, then restriction of the number is meaningless. Wherefore the Elians would be much wiser-minded, if they allowed the number to fluctuate, merely insisting on justice as a qualification for all alike." XXXI While they were thus conversing, the king kept chap. trying to interrupt them, constantly breaking; off " their every sentence by his silly and ignorant vindicates remarks. He accordingly again asked them what RT®^^^ ^^"^'" 1 . 1 1 4 n . T 1 the slvir put they were conversing about, and Apollomus replied : upon them " We are discussing matters important and held in -^ ^"'^ great repute among the Hellenes ; though you would think of them but slightly, for you say that you detest everything Hellenic." " I do certainly detest them," he said, "but nevertheless I want to hear; for I imagine you are talking about those x\thenians, the slaves of Xerxes." But Apollonius replied : " Nay, we are discussing other things ; but since you have alluded to the Athenians in a manner both absurd and false, answer me this question : Have you, O king, any slaves?" "Twenty thousand," said the other, " and not a single one of them did I buy myself, but they were all born in my household." Thereupon Apollonius, using larchas as his inter- preter, asked him afresh whether he was in the habit of running away from his slaves or his slaves from ?99 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. vf3pl^(ov avTov, " TO fiev ipcorrj/jia,'^ €<f)r), " avSpa- TToBcoSe^;, o/jLa)<; 5' ovv airoKpivofiai top aTroStSpd- (jKovra hoiikov re etvai /cat aX\o)<; kukov, heairoTrjv he ovK av diroSpdvaL tovtov, bv e^eanv avTM GTpepXoVV T€ KoX ^aiV€tV.^^ ** ovKovvT ^fpV' "^ ^aatXeu, 80OX09 elvat ^ AOrjvaicov He/o^?79 vtto crov aTTonecpavTai koX &>«? KaKo^ SovXo^ dirohpavai avTOV<;, r)TT7]0€l<; yap vir avrcov rrj vav/xa^ia rfi irepl ra arevd, koI heiaa^i irepl Tal<; ev 'KXXr)cT7r6vTq) a)^€8iat<^ ev paa vrjl ecpvye.^' " koX /jltjv koI eveirprjaev, ecfyrj, " ra? AOrjva^; rat? eavrov '^epcriv. Se A7roX\.(ovLO<;, " tovtov /juev, ' eirrev, " CO /SaaiXev, tov ToX/iijpaTo^; ehcoKe Blku^, co? ovirco Tt-<; €T€po<;' ov<; yap aTToXwXe/cevat coeTo, tovtov^ d7roBpd<^ oo^ero. e^w Se Kal tcl p^ep^ov Oecopcov iirl fxev ttj hiavoia, KaO^ rjv eaTpcuTevaev, Tjyoi/jirjv dv avTov u^lco^ ho^aaOrjvai eVtot?, otl Zeij^i €L7], eVt Be ttj ^vyfj KaKoSaifjuoveaTaTov dvOpcoTToyv viT€i\fr^(^a' el yap ev X^P^^^ '^^^ 'EiW'^vcov direOave, Ti<; puev dv \6ycov Xa/jLTrpoTepcov '^^icoOrj ; TW 3' dv fiel^co Ta^ov iirearjjLLijvavTO "EXXt^z^c? ; dycovla S* ev6ifkio<; kclI dycovla fiovcrt/cr) t/? ovk dv eV avTW eTeOr] ; el yap M-eXi/cepTUL Kal TlaXal/iove^ /cal UeXoyjr iTrrjXvTrjf; AvSo^, 01 fiev €Ti TTyoo? p^cL^(p d7ro6avovT€<;, Se Tyv ApKaStav Te Kal TTjv ^ApyoXiSa Kal ttjv eVro? laOfiov SovXfo- adfievo^;, €9 Oetav /mvij/jiijv viro tmv FjXXyvcov LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III him. And tlie king by way of insult answered him : chap. "" Your very question is wortliy of a slave^ never- ^^^^ theless I will answer it : a man who runs away is not only a slave but a bad one to boot^ and his master would never run away from him^ when he can if he likes both torture and card him." "In that case/' said Apollonius^ "^ O king^ Xerxes has been proved out of your mouth to have been a slave of the Athenians^ and like a bad slave to have run away from them ; for when he was defeated by them in the naval action in the Straits, he was so anxious about his bridge of boats over the Hellespont that he fled in a single ship." " Yes^ but he an3'how burned Athens with his own hands/' said the king. And Apollonius answered : '^' And for that act of audacity, king, he was punished as never yet was any other man. For he had to run away from those whom he imagined he had destroyed ; and when I contemplate the ambitions with which Xerxes set out on his campaign, I can conceive that some were justified in exalting him and saying that he was Zeus ; but when 1 contemplate his flight, I arrive at the conviction that he was the most ill starred of men. For if he had fallen at the hands of the Hellenes, no one would have earned a brighter fame than he. For to whom would the Hellenes have raised and dedicated a loftier tomb ? What jousts of armed men, what contests of musicians would not have been instituted in honour of him ? For if men like Melicertes and Palaemon and Pelops the LA'dian immigrant, the former of whom died in childhood at the breast, while Pelops enslaved Arcadia and Argolis and the land within the Isthmus, — if these were commemor- ated by the Greeks as Gods, what would not 301 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS Cap. ^jpOrjaav, rt ovk av iirl 'Bip^rj e^yevero vii avhpo)V aaTTa^o/jievcov re dpera^; (pvaec.Kal eiraLvov avrcov r)yov/jL€V(ov to eiraLvelv ov<i vcKcoaiv ; " XXXII CAP. Tavra rov ^AttoWcovlov Xeyovro^ 69 Sd/cpva dirrj^dr] 6 ^aaiXev^i, kul, " w (^tXrare," elirev,
  • ' o'lov^ avhpa<^ eppn-jveveL*^ fiot 701)9 '^EXX?;^'a9 elvacJ'
" iToOev ovv, CO iSaaiXev, ^aX67rc59 7r/309 avTov<i €lx^^ y " " BiafidXkovcnvr eiTrev, " co ^ive, to ' EjWtjvwv <yevo^ ol e^ AlyuTTTOV (poLTMVTCf; evTavOa, <j<^d^ piev avToi)^ lepov<i Te Kol ao(f>ov<i diro^aivovTe^i Koi vopLoOeTa'^ Ovaicjv t€ /cat t€\€T(ov, o7roo"a9 vopLi^ovaiv ol "^\\rjv€(;, eKeivov^ he ovBev vyi6<; elvai (pd(TK0VT€(;, dXX' v^pLaTd<; t€ koi ^vyK\v8a<; Kol dvapydiav irdaav koX pLvdo\6yov<; koI TCpaTO- \070u9, fcal 7revT)Ta<^ p.6V, ivSei/cpvpLevov^; Be tovto ov)(^ 0)9 aepLvov, dW virep ^vyyvcopLr]^ tov KXeTTTeiv, gov he dKoixov TavTa fcal 07ra)9 <f)iXoTip,OL re fcal '^prjaTOi elai, airevhopLat t€ Xolttov 7069 '^Wrjai, KOL hihcopLi avT0i<; eiraivelaOai re utt' e/xoi) kcu ev'x^eaOal pue virep 'KXX'^vcov 6 ti Svvapuii /cat tov<; AlyvTTTiov<; utt' ipuov dTriaTelaOai." 6 Be ^\dp^a<;, " Kdyd)^^ e(f)7], " o) ^aaiXev, eyuyvcoaKov, otl <jol tcl S)Ta Siecj)Oop€v vTTo Twv AlyvTrTLCov TOVT(ov, Siyeiv Be VTTep 'F^XXijvcop ovBev, ecrr' av ^upL^ouXov ^ tolov- Tov TV)(r)<;, aXX' eirel ^eXTicov yeyova<; vii dvBpb<; ^ So Olearius : Kaiser ^viJi&6\ov. 302 LIFE OF APOLLONILS, BOOK III have been done for Xerxes by men who are bv chai\ nature enthusiastic admirers of the virtues, and ^^^^ who consider that they praise themselves in praising those whom they have defeated ? " XXXII These words of Apollonius caused the king to chap. burst into tears, and he said : " Dearest friend, in what ^^^^^ an heroic light do you represent these Hellenes to Jjlcant"^ me." Why then, O king, were you so hard upon and blames them ?" " The visitors who come hitlier from Egypt, si^nLiirs O guest," replied the king, malign the race of Hellenes, and while declaring that they themselves are holy men and wise, and the true law-givers who fixed all the sacrifices and rites of initiation which are in vogue among the Greeks, they deny to the latter any and every sort of good quality, declaring them to be ruffians, and a mixed herd addicted to every sort of anarchy, and lovers of legend and miracle mongers, and though indeed poor, yet making their poverty not a title of dignity, but a mere excuse for stealing. But now that I have heard this from you and understand how fond of honour and how worthy the Hellenes are, I am reconciled for the future to them and I engage both that they shall have my praise and that I will pray all I can for them, and will never set trust in another Eg^^i^tian." But larchas remarked : " I too, O king, was aware that your mind had been poisoned by these Egyptians ; but I would not take the part of the Hellenes until you met some such counsellor as this. But since you have been put right by a wise man, let us 303 FLAVIDS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. ao(f)Ov, vvv fiev i)ixlv t) TavToXov (fiiXortjcyla TTLveaUo) KUi KauevowfJiev ol a ')(^pr] vvKTcop airovSacrai, Xoycov Se '^WrjvtKMV, TrXelcTTOL B^ ovTOt Tcov /car dvOpcoTrov^;, i/nrXijaa) ae Xolttov iyo) ')(aipovTa, oTTore dcpLKOio.^^ koX afia i^rjp-^e rol^ ^v/jLirorat^; tt/jcoto? e? rrjv (j^takTjv kvtttcov, rj Be eiTOTL^ev l/cavM<i Travraf;, to yap va/jua d(f)06va)<; iireSlBov, KaOdirei Brj T0t9 TrrjyaiOL^; dvaScSo/xevotf;, eirie t€ Kal 6 ^AttoXXcovlo^;, virep yap (^lX6t7]to^ 'Il^Sot? TO TTOTOV TOVTO €Vpi]raL. ITOiOVVTaL Be avTOV olvo')(oov TdvraXov, eireiBri (^iXt/cicoTaTO? dv6p(OTT(ov eBo^ev. XXXIII CAP. IliWTa? Be avTOv^; eBeParo rj yv evvac^, a? avrri YYYTTT Sill I AAAlll ^ ^ >^C>^^J-/>/ '^ V vireaToppv. eirei oe vv^ [lecrr] eyevero, Trpcorov fiev dvaaTdvT€<; rrjv aKrlva /jberecopoL v/jLvrjcrav, axnrep iv rfj fjLe(Trjp./3pia, elra tw ^acnXel ^vveyevovTO, OTToaa iBelro. TrapaTV^elv fjuev ovv tov AttoXXoo- Viov oU iaTTOvBaaev 6 /SaaiXevf; ov (prjaiv o Adfii<;, oteaOac B^ avrov irepl tmv t?)? dp')(fj<^ diroppi^Twv rrjV ^vpovalav TTeTroirjcrOaL. 6vcra<; ovv ci/xa ijpiepa irpoarjXOe tw ' AttoXXwvlw Kal eKdXet iirl ^evia e? rd ^acTiXeia, ^rjXcorbv diroirep.ylreLV (pdaKcov 69 EXX7;ya9, Be eirr)vei fjiev ravra, ov jjltjv eiriBcoaeLV ye eavTov ecpaaKev dvBpX pn^Bev op^ouo, Kai aXXft)9 304 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III now ])r(K'eed to quaff the good cheer provided by chap. Tantalus, and let us sleep over the serious issues ^'^-^^' which we have to discuss to-night. But at another time I will fill you full with Hellenic arguments, and no other race is so rich in them, and you will delight in them whenever you come hither." And forthwith he set an exam})le to his fellow-guests by stooping the first of them all to the goblet, which indeed furnished an ample draught for all ; for the stream refilled itself plenteously, as if with spring waters welling up from the ground ; and Apollonius also drank, for this cup is instituted by the Indians as a cup of friendship ; and they feign that Tantalus is the wine-bearer who supplies it, because he is considered to have been the most friendly of men. XXXIII And when they had drunk, the earth received chap. them on the couches which she had spread for them ; ' ^ but W'hen it was midnight they rose up and first refuses the they sang a hymn to the ray of light, suspended ^j^^^ °^^^ aloft in the air as they had been at midday ; and then hospitality they attended the king, as long as he desired. Damis, however, says that A})ollomus was not present at the king's conversation with them, because he thought that the interview^ had to do with secrets of state. Having then at daybreak offered his sacrifice, the king approached Apollonius and offered him the hospitality of his palace, declaring that he would send him back to Greece an object of envy to all. But he commended him for his kindness, nevertheless he excused himself from 305 VOL. I. .X FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. ifKeio) '^povov uTTohi"! fidv rov clkoto^ ala^vveadai TOL'9 oIkol (piXov; vTrepopdaOaL Sofcovvra^;. clvtl- /SoXecv Se tov ^acnXeco^ (pdcTKOvrof;, /cat avekev- 6ep(o<; 7]8r} 7rpocrfC6L/jL€vov, " ^aaiXev^,^^ '^^V^ "raTret- vorepov avrov irepl o)v alrel hiaXe'yop.evo'^ ein^ov- Xevei" irpoaeXOodv ovv 6 *ldp')(^a<;, " dScKcl'^" elirev, " o) ^acnXev, rov lepov oIkov, aTrdycov ivdevhe dvhpa d/covra, fcal aXX&)9 twz/ Trpoytyva)- (TfcovTcov ovTO<; cov oiSe TrjV ^vvovaiav avTa> ttjv 7rpo<; ere firj iir d'yaOco rw eavrov iao/jievrjv, tcro)? Be ovS^ avTW aoL ')(pr}aT6v ri e^ovaav.^^ XXXIV CAP. 'O fjiev 8r) Karrjei e? ttjv kco/xtjv, o yap OeafMo^ TMV (Toc^odv ov ^vve')(cop€L TW /SacTiXel ^vvelvai ac^idtv VTrep pbiav rj/jiepav, o Be ldp^a<^ TTyOo? rov dyyeXov, ** koI Ad/jbLvT sIttg, " tcov Sevpo diroppriTcov d^Lovp^ev Kol rjfcirco, tmv Be dXXcov i'mp.eXov ev tjj KoopLTj^ 'II9 Be dcpLfcero, ^vvil^rjaavTe^, coairep eloiOeaav, ^vv€')(^copovv tw AttoXXcovlo) epcordv, 7]P€t6 re eK tlvcov ^vj/celaOat, rov Koapov 7)'yolvTO, 01 be e<paaav, e/c (iroL^eLwv. puoiv, ecpr], rer- TapoDV ; ov rerrapcov, ecfyrj iap-^a(}, aXXa Trei^re." " koI tl aV," e(f)7j, " irepbirTov yevoiTo irapd TO vBcop t€ koI tov depa /cat jrjv yrjv koI to 306 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III inflicting himself upon one with wliom lie was on no chap. sort of equalit}' ; moreover, he said that he had ^^^^'^ been longer abroad than he liked, and that he scrupled to give his friends at home cause to think they were being neglected. The king thereupon said that he entreated him, and assumed such an undignified attitude in urging his request, that ApoUonius said : " A king who insists upon his request in such terms at the expense of his dignity, is laying a trap." Thereupon larchas intervened and said : " You wrong, O king, this sacred abode by trying to drag away from it a man against his w'ill ; and moreover, being one of those who can read the future, he is aware that his staying with you w^ould not conduce to his own good, and would j:)robably not be in any way profitable to yourself." XXXIV The king accordingly went down into the village, chap. for the law of the sages did not allow a king to be xxxiv V, ith them more than one day ; but larchas said to Jeach^hat the messenger : " We admit Damis also hither to the cosmos our mysteries ; so let him come, but do you look ^'^ ^ ^^^ after the rest of them in the village." And when Damis arrived, they sat down together, as they were wont to do, and they allowed ApoUonius to ask questions ; and he asked them of what they thought the cosmos was composed ; but they answered : " Of elements." "Are there then four ? " he asked. " Not four," said larchas, "but five." "And how can there be a fifth," said ApoUonius, "alongside of water and air 307 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. TTvp; " " alOi]pr elirev, ov iaelodai xph jeveatv OeMV ehai, ra fiev yap rov depo'^ eXKOvra Ovyjra iravTU, TCL 8e rod alOepo<; aOdvard re koI Oela. iroKuv ripero, tl tcov aroix^ioyv irpoiTOV ykvoiTO, o Se 'Idpxa^, " ofioO:' e<^??, " iravra, to yap ^a)ov Kara /xipo^ ov Tt/CTera^." "^wovj' ecprj, " r,yMpat rhv Koaixov/' " >> 7^," e</)7;, vyim yLyvd)(TKrj^, avTo^ yap i^cpoyovei iravra " OrjXvv, elirev, " avTov KaXcjfiev r/ tt}? dpaevo'^ re Kal dvTLKei- /jiivr)^ (pvo-em ; " " d/jL(f)OLvr €(f)V, " avro^ yap avrw ^vyyiyv Qfievo^ ra /at^t/oo? xe Ka\ irarpo^ e? Tr]v t^Moyoviav irpdrTSL, epcord re eavrov IcJX^^ 6epp.o- repov rj erepov tl hepov, 09 dp/jLorrei avrov Kai ^vvi(TT7]aLV direLKo^ Be ov8ev eavTM ^v/icpveaOat. fca\ ioairep %ei/C)ft)i/ re Kal ttoSmv epyov ireTroLrjraL Tj rod ^a)ov KivT](7i^ Kal 6 iv avTM vov<;, vcj) ov oppLci, ovTco<; i)yd)fi€da Kal ra pLeprj rod Koap^ov Sid Tov eKeivov vovv iiTLT^heia irapkx^LV aura rois TLKTOfievoL^ T€ Kal Kvovp.evoi<; irdai. Kal yap -ra -rrdOT) jd ef ai^XA^^^ ^oiToyvra Kard rov eKeivov (j)oiTa vovv, eireiSdv eKireo-ovaa 1) Slkj] tcov dv9pd)7rcov artyLtw? TrpdrTT), TTOip^aiveTai re %€i/)t ov p^id Tohe TO ^wov, dWd TroXXott? Te Kal dpp/jTOL^;, aU X/^^^Tat, dxaXlvcoTov p.€v Bid p.eyeOo<;, evqviov Se KiveiTat Kal evdywyov. 308 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 111 and earth and fire ? " " There is the ether/' repHed chap. the other^ " which we must regard as the stuff of ^^^^^ which gods are made; for just as all mortal creatures inhale the air^ so do immortal and divine natures inhale the ether." Apollonius again asked which was the first of the elements^ and larchas answered: "All are simultaneous, for a living creature is not born bit by bit." "Am I/' said Apollonius, " to regard the universe as a living creature?" "Yes/' said the other, " if you have a sound knowledge of it, for it engenders all living things." "Shall I then," said Apollonius, "call the universe female, or of both the male and the opposite gender?" "Of both genders," said the other, " for by commerce with itself it fulfils the role both of mother and father in bringing forth living creatures ; and it is possessed by a love for itself more intense than any separate being has for its fellow, a passion which knits it together into harmony. And it is not illogical to suppose that it cleaves unto itself ; for as the move- ment of an animal is obtained by use of its hands and feet, and as there is a soul in it by which it is set in motion, so w^e must regard the parts of the uni- verse also as adapting themselves through its inherent soul to all creatures which are brought forth or conceived. For example, the sufferings so often caused by drought are visited on us in accordance with the soul of the universe, whenever justice has fallen into disrepute and is disowned by men ; and this animal shepherds itself not with a single hand only, but with many mysterious ones, which it has at its disposal ; and though from its immense size it is controlled by no other, yet it moves obediently to the rein and is easily guided. 309 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS XXXV CAP. ** Kal TrapdSeLy/jLa fxev ovk olK 6 tl apKeaei t«  \07ft) /jLCyLdTO) T€ OVTL Kol TTpOaCO ivVOLa<;, VTTO- K6iaO(o Se vav^i, oiav Klyvirnot ^vvTidevT€<; e? rrjv OaXarrav rrjv rj/jieSaTrrjp d(f)idaiv, dycoyifxcov IvSiKMV dvTLScS6vT€<; AlyvTTTia' Oea/jLov yap TToXaLov irepl ttjv 'Kpvdpdv 6Vto9, ov PaaiXev^ ^EjpvOpa<; ivofjiiaev, ore t^9 ^aXarT?/? eKeivr^q VPX^y /jLUKpu) puev ir\oi(p fMrj iaifXelv e? avrrjv KlyvirTiov^, arpoyyvXr) 8' av puid vtjI ')(^prja9ac, aocpl^ovrai irXolov klyvirTioi irpo^ woWd tmv irap erepot^;, KoX 7rapa7r\€Vpd)aavT€<; avrb dppboviaL<^, oiroaai vavv ^vvccTTdai, tol')(oi<; re viTepdpavTe<; koI laro) Koi TTr)^dpbevoL 7r\eiov<; ol/aa(;, oia^ lirX tmv aeXp^d- Tcov, TToWol puev KV^epvi)TaL t^? veS)^ TavT7}<; viro TO) TTpea^vrdro) re koI (T0(j)(OTdTq) TrXeovat, ttoWoI Be Kara irpwpav dp')(^ovTe<=; dpicrroL re koX Be^iol vavTUi Kol 7rpb(; larla 7r7j8d)VTe<;, eari Be tl tt}? veo)^ TavT7](; koI oTrXcrevov, 7rpo<; yap tou? koXttl- Ta9 l3ap^dpov<;, ot ev Be^td rod eairXov Kelvrai, TrapaTdrTeaOat Bet ttjv vavv, ore Xrji^ocvro avrr)V eTTLTTXeovre^;. rovro r)ycop.eOa Kal irepl rovBe rov Kocrpiov elvai, Oe(opovvre<; avrov irpo^ ro rrj<;vavri- Xta? o"^r]fjLa, rrjv /xev yap Bij irpcorrjv Kai reXecora- rrjv eBpav drroBoreov Oeo) yeveropi rovBe rov fwou, 310 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III XXXV " And the subject is so vast and so far transcends chap. our mental powers, that I do not know any example adequate to illustrate it ; but we will take that of a of°tiie^"^°" ship, such as the Egyptians construct for our seas ^^^^ ^^ and launch for the exchange of Egyptian goods against Indian wares. For there is an ancient law in regard to the Red Sea, which the king Er\i:hras laid down, when he held sway over that sea, to the effect that the Egyptians should not enter it with a vessel of war, and indeed should employ only a single mer- chant ship. This regulation obliged the Egyptians to contrive a ship equivalent to several at once of those which other races have ; and they ribbed the sides of this ship with bolts such as hold a ship together, and they raised its bulwarks and its mast to a great height, and they constructed several compart- ments, such as are built upon the timber balks which run athwart a ship, and they set several pilots in this boat and subordinated them to the oldest and wisest of their number, to conduct the voyage ; and there were several officers on the prow and excellent and handy sailors to man the sails ; and in the crew of this ship there was a detachment of armed men, for it is necessary to equip the ship and protect it against the savages of the Gulf that live on the right hand as you enter it, in case they should ever attack and plunder it on the high seas. Let us apply this imagery to the universe, and regard it in the light of a naval construction ; for then you must apportion the first and supreme position to God the begetter of this animal, and subordinate posts to the gods FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS XXXV ""^^ ^i^'^^ ^'^^ri ^^ot<;, o'cTa/.c6prj avroO Kv^epvwcji, /cat TMV rye TTocrjTMv ciTToSexM/LieOa, eireihav ttoXXov^ l^ev^ (j>d(TK(i)aiv iv tm ovpavw Oeov^ elvai, ttoWov? 06 iv OaXdrrrj, iroWov^ Be iv iTTj'^/ah re koI vdfiao-t, 7ro\\ov<^ 8e Trerl^ yriv, elvat he koI vtto yijv T^m?. Tov 8e VTTO yi]v toitov, elirep iariv, iiretSr) cjipucwSy avTov Kal (fiOapTLKov oSovaiv, dTroTaTTCo- fJiev TOV tcoGixovT XXXVI XXXVI ^ TaOra rov '\vhov BieXdovro^, eKireaelv o AayL6^? eavrov (fipatv vn ifCTrXyj^eco^, fcal dvafiof](7ai /leya, firj yap av irore vo/iiaac civSpa 'IvSbv 69 touto iXd- erat yXcorrr}^ 'EXXdSo^, pL7]8' civ, el-rrep ttjv yXoyr- rav r)7Ti(TTaT0, roarjSe evpoia Kal copa hieXOelv Tavra. iiratvel Be avrod Kal /3Xe/xpa fcal pLeiBiapa KaiTo p,7] dOeel BoKelv i/c(f)epeiv rd^ Sofa?. rSv Toi ' AiToXXwviov evaxvf^ovw^ re Kal dfoipfjTl rol<; Xoyot<; XP^\f^^vov 6>oJ9 iiriBovvai fierd tov IvBbv ^ovTov,^ Kal oTTov KaOij/j^evo'^ BiaXeyocTO, Oapid Be TOVTO eirpaTTe, irpoaeoLKevaL tw 'Idp^a. XXXVII XXXVII , '^'^cX't-veadvTfiiv^ Be t&>v dXX(ov iTpo<; rr; (jiwvfi tA eip7]p.eva, irdXiv 6 ' KiroXXoovio^ rjpeTO, iroTepa ttjv OdXaTTav fiei^co rjyolvro rj ttjv yrjv, 6 Be "Idp^a^, .■^12 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 111 who govern its parts ; and we may Avell assent to the chap. statements of the poets,, when they say that there -^^^^ are many gods in heaven and many in the sea, and many in the fountains and streams, and many round about the earth, and that there are some even under the earth. But we shall do well to separate from the universe the region under the earth, if there is one, because the poets represent it as an abode of terror and corruption." XXXVI As the Indian concluded this discourse, Damis chap. says that he was transported with admiration and applauded loudly ; for he could never have thought applauds that a native of India could show such mastery of i^^"'^'^'^'* the Greek tongue, nor even that, supposing he understood that language, he could have used it with so much ease and elegance. And he praises the look and smile of larclias, and the inspired air with Mhich he expressed his ideas, admitting that Apollo- nius, althougli lie had a delivery as graceful as it was free from bombast, nevertheless gained a great deal by contact with this Indian, and he says that when- ever he sat down to discuss a theme, as he very often did, he resembled larchas. XXXVII As the rest of the company praised no less the chap. contents of larchas' speech than the tone in which xxxvii he spoke, Apollonius resumed by asking him, which ^fl^^^^^ they considered the bigger, the sea or the land ; and earth FLA VI us PHILOSTRATUS xxxvir " ^\ ^^^ '^^^'^ '^^^ OaXarrav" €<^r}, t) 77) elzeTat^oiTO, fieil^wv earai, tiiv yap OdXarrap avrrj exet, el Se irpo^ iraaav ryv uypav ovalav Oewpolro, iJttw rifv yrjv airocfyaLvoiixeOa civ, /cal yap eKeivi]v to vhop <p6p€L.'^ XXXVIII xxxviii ^^'^cc^^ ^e TO)v Xoy^z^ rovrmv ^lararat toI<^ ao(f)OL<; 6 dyy6\o<=! 'iv8ov<; dy^v acoT7}pia<; Seo/aevov^. Kal TTapTjye yvvatov Ifcereuov virep iraLSo^i, ov €(f>a(7fC€ fi€v eKKalheKa err) yeyovkvai, haipLovdv Be Svo er?;, TO 8e rjOo^ Tov Baipuovo^ etpwva elvat Kal yjrevarrjp. epop,evov Si rivo^ rcov ao(l)cbv, oiroOev \eyoi ravra, " TOV 7Tat8b<; tovtov," e^r], ttjv oyjnv evTrpeirea-Te- pov oWo? Salp^cov epa, Kal ov ^vyx^copel avTw vovv exeiv, ovBe e? StBaaKaXov ^ahiaai ea rj rofoTOf, ovBe OLKOL elvai, dXX! eV ra eprjua tcov ^copicov €k- TpeTrei, Kal ovBe Tr)v (^(.ovr)v 6 irah Tr]v eavTov eyei, aXKa IBapv (pOeyyeTai, Kal KoTkov, coo-irep oldvBpe^, PXeireL Be eTepoL^i 6^6a\pbol<; fidXkovrj toI<; eavTOv. KaycD p.ev eirl tovtol^ KXdo) re Kal epLavTrjv BpvTTTO) Kal vovOeTO) tov vlov, oirdaa elKo^, Be ovk olBe p£, BiavoovfjLevr}<; Be puov ttjv ivTavOa oBov, tovtI Be irepvai Bievo^Orjv, e^yyopevaev 6 Baifiayv eavTov VTTOKpCTrj 'xpco/iievo'; tm iraiBi, Kal BrjTa eXeyev elvat p,ev etBcoXov dvBp6<;, 09 iroXep^o) Trore direOavev, diro- Oavetv Be epcov t/;9 eavTOv yvvaiKo^;, eirel Be // 314 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III larehas replied : " If the land be compared with the chap. sea^ it will be found to be bigger^ for it includes the ^^^^ii sea in itself; but if it be considered in relation to the entire mass of water^ we can sJiow that the earth is the lesser of the two^ for it is upheld by the water." XXXVIII This discussion was interrupted by the api)earance chap. among the sages of the messenger bringing in certain " Indians who were in want of succour. And he iJa°s a"^" brought forward a poor woman who interceded in demoniac behalf of her child, who was, she said, a boy of sixteen years of age, but had been for two years possessed by a devil. Now the character of the devil was that of a mocker and a liar. Here one of the sages asked, why she said this, and she replied : " This child of mine is extremely good-looking, and therefore the devil is amorous of him and will not allow him to retain his reason, nor will he permit him to go to school, or to learn archery, nor even to remain at home, but drives him out into desert places. And the boy does not even retain his own voice, but speaks in a deep hollow tone, as men do ; and he looks at you with other eyes rather than M'ith his own. As for myself I weep over all this, and I tear my cheeks, and I rebuke my son so far as I well may ; but he does not know me. And I made up my mind to repair hither, indeed I planned to do so a year ago ; only the demon discovered himself, using my child as a mask, and what he told me was this, that he was the ghost of a man, who fell long ago in battle, but that at death he was passionately 315 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP 'yvv'q irepl Tr)v evvrjv v^ptae rpiTaiov Keifjiivov ja- pbrjOeiaa erepco, fiiarjaai fxev i/c tovtov to yvvaiKMv ipdv, /jL€Tappvy}vaL 8e €9 rov iralha tovtov. vit- icr^v€LTO Be, el /jlt) Sta/BdWoifjLL avTov tt/jo? v/jid^;, Scoaetv T6t) iraiSl ttoWcl eaOXa koL cv^aOd. iyo) p.ev hrj eiraOov tl 7rpo<; TavTa, o 8e Sidyec fjLeiroXvv V^V XP^^'^^ ^^^^ '^^^ ifiov oIkov e^et /jLovo^;, ovSev pbeTptov ovSe dXyOe^; (ppopcov." rjpeTo ovv o <70<po<; iraXiv, el TrXrjcriov elrj 6 iral^, rj Se ovk €(f)rj, iroWa fiev yap vrrep tov cicptKecrOaL avTov irpd^ai, "a S' diretXet /cpr}fivov(; koI /SdpaOpa /cat airoKTevelv jjlol tov vlov, el hiKa^oifJbrjv avTw Sevpo. " Odpaei, €(f)7} 6 (70(f)6<;, " ov yap drroKTevel avTov dvayvov<; raOra," Kal Tiva e7ri<TT6\r)v dvacnrada^ tov ko\- TTOV eScoKe ttj yvvaiKi, eireaTaXTo Se dpa rj iiri,- aToXr) TTyOo? TO ecScoXov ^vv aTreikfj kul eKirXrj^ei, XXXIX CAP. Kat jJLr^v Ka\ ^wXeuwiv t^? d(f)i/ceTO, yeyovco^; pcev XXXIX yry / ,/ ^/ ?>V/) V?>' 1)07] TpiaKovTa €T7], XeovTcov oe U7]paTr]<; oeiVG(;, ijjb'TTeTTTWKOTO'^ he avToj \eovTO<i a)\La67]Kei tov yXovTov Ka\ tov (TKe\ov<; eTepu)*; ^I'X'^v. aW ai Xetpe<; avTO) KaTay\ro)aai tov yXovTov, €9 opOovTov /3aStVyLtaT09 veavLas ■^XOe. Kal ocfyOaX/jbco Se t/9 ippv7jK(jd<; dirrfkOti ttclv e'X'^v to iv avTol^ <^W9, f<a\ 516 LIFE OF APOLLONILS, BOOK III attached to his wife. Now he had been dead for chap. only three days when his wife insulted their union by -^^-^^i" marrying another man, and the consequence was that he had come to detest tlie love of women, and had transferred himself wholly into this boy. "But he })romised, if I would only not denounce him to your- selves, to endow the child with many noble blessings. As for myself, I was influenced by these promises ; but he has put me off and off for such a long time now, that he has got sole control of my household, yet has no honest or true intentions." Here the sage asked afresh, if the boy was at hand ; and she said not, for, although she had done all she could to get him to come with her, the demon had threatened her with steep places and precipices and declared that he would kill her son, "in case," she added, "" 1 haled him hither for trial." "Take courage," said tlie sage, " for he will not slay him when he has read this." And so saying he drew a letter out of his bosona and gave it to the woman ; and the letter, it appears, was addressed to the ghost and contained threats of an alarming kind. XXXIX There also arrived a man who was lame. He chap. already thirty years old was a keen hunter of lions ; ^^^^-^ but a lion had sprung upon him and dislocated manheaied his hip so that he limped with one leg. However when they massaged with their hands his hip, the youth immediately recovered his upright gait. And another man had had his eyes put out, and he went cure of a away having recovered the sight of both of them, ^^^^d '"^n 3 ^7 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. a\Xo(i T7JV X^^P^ dBpavr)<; cov, eyKparrj^; ft)^6T0. yvvr/ Be ti<; eTrra r)hr} yaarepa*; BvaTOKovaa Beofii- vov virep avTrji; TavBpoq a)Se Iddr]' rov dvhpa e/ce- Xevtreu, eTreiBav tlktyj tj yvvrj, Xayoyv viro /coXirq) ^Mvra eac^epeaOat ov tlktcl, koX TrepteXdovra avTr)v acpeivac o/iov rov Xaycov, crvvefcSoOrjvai yap av tw e/bL^puo) T^^» [XTjTpav, el /ir] 6 Xayax; avriKa e^eve- XL CAP. naT/009 3' av tlvo<; etVoi^ro?, &)? yevoivro /lev XL avTw iralBe^, diroOdvocev Be 6/jLOv tw dp^aadaL olvov iTiveiv, vTToXa^oov elirev 6 'la/^^a?, *' Kal ySeXxtoy? aTTodavovTe^ eyevovro, ov yap dv Bce- (f)vyov TO fXTj fjLavrjvat, Oepp^orepcov, ax; (paiverai, airep/jbdrcov (j)vvTe<;. otvov fiev ovv d<p€/cTeov toI<; ef vfioiv, d)<; Be fjir)Be 69 eTTiOv^iav irore otvov Kara- aratev, elooi irdXiv iraiBlov yevouo, yeyove Be ejSBo/jLTjv rj/jLepav, d)<; opo), Trjv yXavKa Tr)v opviv y^prj e7n(f)vXdTreLV, ov veorrevei, Kal rd cod cnrd- aavra Bovvac jjuacrdaOai tw (3pe^eL av/jLp,eTp(o<i eyjrovra, el yap jSpwaerai tl tovtcov, irplv otvov yevaerai, fxlao^; avrcp irpo'^ rov olvov efKpvcreraL, Kal acocfypovearara BiaKeiaerai, /jlovov ^vyKCKpa- /jLevo<; Tov ev rfj cpvaec depfxov.^ l^ovrcov ovv €/jL7rc7rXd/jLevoL Kal to 1)9 dvBpa<^ €k- 318 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III Yet another man had his liand paralysed, but left chap. their presence in full possession of the limb. And a certain woman had suffered in labour already sev'en paralytic times^ but was healed in the following way through the intercession of her husband. He bade the inan^ Of a whenever his wife should be about to bring forth her n^eans"o/a next child, to enter her chamber carrying in his live hare bosom a live hare ; then he was to walk once round her and at the same moment to release the hare ; for that the womb would be expelled together with the fcetus, unless the hare was at once driven out. XL And again a certain man who was a father said chap. that he had had several sons^ but that they had ' died the moment they began to drink wine. larchas whoTied took him up and said: "Yes, and it is just as ^,1^™"^'^ well they did die, for they would inevitably have wine gone mad, having inherited, as it appears, from their parents too warm a temperament. Your children," he added, " must therefore abstain from wine, but in order that they may be never led even to desire wine, supposing you should have another boy, and I per- ceive you had one only six days ago, you must care- fully Avatch the hen owl and find where it builds its nest ; then you must snatch its eggs and give them to the child to chew after boiling them properly ; for if it is fed upon these, before it tastes wine, a distaste for wine will be bred in it, and it will keep sober by your excluding from its temperament any but natural warmth." With such lore as this then they surfeited 319 PLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS ^i^' TrXrjTTo/iievot, t% 69 Trdvra aocpla^ 7Ta/jL7r6Wov<; 6(Tr)/jLepai Xoyov^ rjpcorcov, ttoXXol'? Be Ka\ avrol l^pcOTCOVTO. XLI CAP XLI '^V^ /^^^ ^^^ 8La\€/CTifC7]<; ^vvovaia^ a/jL(fiO) /xer- el'^ov, ra? he d7roppi]TOV<; airovhaq, al<; dcrrpiKrjv rj [lavTeiav Karevoovv koI rrjv irpoyvcocriv eairov- Sa^OV, 6v(Ji6)V T€ YjTTTOVTO Kol /cX7]Cr6G)V, ttl? Oeol ')(aipovaL, fiovov cf^rjalv 6 Aa/xi? rov ^ KiroWwvLov ^Up,(j)LX0(T0(j)(:LV T(p ^Idp'^U, KoX ^Vyypd'^aL /JL6V eKeWev irepl /j,avTeia<; darepwv j3iP\ov<; rerrapa'^, MV Kol M.otpay6V7]<; iirefivrjaOrj, ^vyypd^^ai Be irepl OvcrtMV KoX ct)9 civ rt? eKdarcp Sew 7Tpoa(f)6p(o<; re Kol K€^apio-/jLevco<; 0vol. to, fiev Br] tcov darepcov KOI TTjv T0iavT7]v fjLavTtKTjv TTciaav virep rrjv dvOpcoTreuav r^yovfiai (pvacv, koI ovS el KeKT7]Tai Tt9 olBa, TO Be irepl Ovglwv ev 7roX\ol<; fxev lepol^ evpov, ev TroXXat? Be iroXecn, itoWoI<^ Be dvBpcov aocpMV oticoL^ i Kal TOiy^ dv t^? epfirjveooL avro, aefivoi'; ^vvreray fxevov /cat Kara ttjv ^%ft) tov dvBpo<;. (p7)(Tl Be 6 Adfjbi<; Kol BaKTv\iOV<; evrra rov ^Idp^av ^ Kayser reads : kol ti 6.1/, which is unintelligible. 320 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III themselves, and they were astonished at the many- chap. sided wisdom of the company, and day after day they ^^^ asked all sorts of questions, and were themselves asked many in turn. XLI Both Apollonius and Damis then took part in the chap. interviews devoted to abstract discussions ; not so " ' with the conversations devoted to occult themes, in work "on" which they pondered the nature of astronomy or '^strai "•^ "^ diviiiRtioii divination, and considered the question of fore- mentioned knowledge, and handled the jiroblems of sacrifice ^^Lne^J^ and of the invocations in which the gods take pleasure. In these Damis says that Apollonius alone partook of the philosophic discussion together with larchas, and that he embodied the results in four books concerning divination by the stars, a work which Moiragenes has mentioned. And Damis says that he composed a work on the way to offer sacrifice to the several gods in a manner suitable and pleasing to them. Not only then do I His work on regard the work on the science of the stars and the ^*^'"^*^® whole subject of such divination as transcending human nature, but I do not even know if anyone has these works ; but I found the treatise on sacrifices in several temples, and in several cities, and in the houses of several learned men ; moreover if anyone who should translate ^ it, he would find it to be a grave and dignified composition, and one that rings of the author's personality ? And Damis saj'^s that ^ In Bk. IV. ch. 19, we are told that this book was written in the Cappadocian tongue. Hence the need of translation. 321 VOL. I. FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. TW 'AttoXXcovlo) hovvau tmv eirra eirayvvfiov^ ^^^ adTepwv, 01)9 <^opelv rov 'AttoWmviov /cut a eva 7r/>09 TCL ovo/JLara tmv 7]fjLepMV. XLII XLII CAP. Ylepl Be TTooyvcocreG)'; \6yov avroU irore oVto?, Kul Tov AttoWmvlov 7rpocrK€ifi€VOV rrj aocpia ravry, koI ra? 7r\€L0v<; tmv BiaXe^ecov e? tovto ^vvT€LvovTO<;, iiTaLvcov avTov 6 'Itt/)%a9, " ol IxavTiKfiT ecpT), *' %at/)ot'T€9, w xprtare 'AiroXKoiVie, Oeloi re vir' avrri^ jtyvovrai koL 7r/909 a-MTTjpLav dvOpcoTTCov TrpaTTOvac. to yap, a XPV ^'*? ^^^0 a(f)Lfc6fjL€Vov evpeaOai, ravra av, o) %p^o-Te, e'</)' eavTOV TTpoLSeaOat Trpoeiirelv re hepoL^, a firjTrco laaac, iravoXlBiov Tivo<^ '))yov^aL kol ravrov laxvovTO^ T& 'AiToWcovL Tft) Ae\(pLKq). iirel Be 17 Te%i^?7 Tot'9 €9 ^€01; (poLTMVTa^ iirl tw XRV^o^aOai KaOapov^ KeXevei l3ahi^ovTa<; (jyoiTuv, rj " e^iOt rov j/6a>" 7r/?09 avTOv^ ipel, hoKel ^loi koI tov TTpoyvw- (TOfJLevov avSpa vjlco<; eavTOv e%eii^, zeal fMrjTe KrjXlSa TrpoafiepbdxOai Ty ^rvxv M^efilav, fMrJTe ov\d<; d/jLapTr]/jLdTO)v evT€TV7rcoa6ai tj} yv(Ofirj, KaOapm Be avTov 7rpo(f)7]TeveLV eavTOV fcal tov irepl tw (TTepvw TpLTToBo^ GVVLevTa' ryeycovoTepov yap ovto) /cal d\r]6e(TT€pov tcl Xoyia eKBcoo-et. 66ev ov XPV Oavfjid^etv, el real av ttjv e7naTrifir]V ^vvei\r)<i>a<; ToaovTOV ev ttj '^vxfj <i>ep(i)v aidepa. 322 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III larchas gave seven rings to Apollonius named after chap. the seven stars, and that Apollonius wore each of ^^^ these in turn on the day of the week wliich bore its name. XLII As to the subject of foreknowledge, they j)resently chap. had a talk about it, for Apollonius was devoted to this ^^^^ kind of lore, and turned most of their conversations divination on to it. For this larchas praised him and said : ^^ the " My good friend Apollonius, those who take pleasure in divination, are rendered divine thereby and contribute to the salvation of mankind. For here we have discoveries which we must go to a divine oracle in order to make ; yet these, my good friend, we foresee of our unaided selves and foretell to others things which they know not yet. This I regard as the gift of one thoroughly blessed and endowed with the same mysterious power as the Delphic Apollo. Now the ritual insists that those who visit a shrine with a view to obtaining a response, must purify themselves first, otherwise they will be told to " depart from the temple." Consequently I consider that one who would fore- see events must be healthy in himself, and must not have his soul stained with any sort of defile- ment nor his character scarred with the wounds of any sins ; so he will pronounce his predictions with purity, because. he will understand himself and the sacred tripod in his breast, and with ever louder and clearer tone and truer import will he utter his oracles. Therefore you need not be surprised, if you comprehend the science, seeing that you carry in your soul so much ether." 323 • V 2 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS XLIII CAP. Kal ')(^api€VTt^6/JLevo<; a/jua irpof; rov Ad/jLiv, " au 3' ovSev, e(j)rj, " irpoyLyvojaKeL^;, ^ Xaavpie, koX ravra ^vvcov avopi TOLOVTW ; vr) At , eiire, ra <ye ifiavTW avafyKola' iireLhr] yap Trpcoro) iverv^ov tw AttoWcovlw TOVT(p, KoX cro(/>ta9 fioi eho^e irXico'^ SeivoTTjTOf; re koX cruxPpocrvvy]^; fcal rod fcaprepelv 6pOa)<;, eirel he fcal /jLvr/p^ocrvvrjv ep avro} elBov, TToXv/jLaOecTTarov re Kai (piXofia6ia<;i]Trco,8aL/j,6vi6v n fxoL iyevero, /cat ^vyy €v6fievo<i avrq) ao(f>o^ fxev (pr)6r]v So^etv i^ ISlcotov re Kal aaG(f>ov, ireiraLhev- /ji€vo<; Se eK j^ap^dpov, eTrofievo^ Se avrcp Kal ^vaTTovSd^cov oyjreo-Oai fiev 'lvSov<;, 6-\jr€adaL Be vp^d^, ' EXX'^;c^t t£ emp^i^eLV ' EXX971; vir avrov yevopLevo^. ra puev Srj ypberepa ire pi p^eydXcov ovra AeXcpov^i rjyelaOe Kal AcoSoovtjv Kal 6 ri jBovXeade, rd/xa Si, eVeiS^ AayLti? p,ev o TrpoyiyvcoaKoyv avrd, TTpoycyvcoaKei S' virep avrov puovov, ypao^ earo) dyvpTpia^; p>avr€vop.€V7](; virep Trpo^arlcov Kal rayv TOLOvrcov.'^ XLIV CAP. *E7rl TOVTOL<i pbev Srj iyiXaaav ol crocj^ol 7rdvT€<;, KaTa(7TdvT0<; Be rov yeXa)TO<; eiravriyev o ldp')(^a<^ • 324 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III XLIII vVnd with these words he turned to Damis and chap. said playfully : And you, O Assyrian, have you no foreknowledge of anything, especiall}' as you associate premon- with such a man as this ? " " Yes, by Zeus," answered itif»"s Damis, " at any rate of the things that are necessary for myself: for when I first met with Apollonius here, he at once struck me as full of wisdom and cleverness and sobriety and of true endurance ; but when I saw that he also had a good memory, and that he was very learned and entirely devoted to love of learning, he became to me something superhuman ; and I came to the conclusion that if I stuck to him I should be held a wise man instead of an ignoramus and a dullard, and an educated man instead of a savage ; and I saw that, if I followed liim and shared his pursuits, I should visit the Indians and visit you, and that I should be turned into a Hellene by him and be able to mix with the Hellenes. Now of course you set your oracles, as they concern important issues, on a level with those of Delphi and Dodona and of any other shrine you like ; as for my own premonitions, since Damis is the person who has them, and since his foreknowledge concerns himself alone, we will suppose that they resemble the guesses of an old beggar wife foretelling what will happen to sheep and such like." XLIV All the sages lauglied of course at this sally, and chap. when the laughter had subsided, larchas led back the ^^"^^ FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. €9 Tov irepl tt}? fjLavTLKTj^ \6yov, koI ttoWcl jxev avrrjv ayaOa eXeye tou? avOpcoirov^ elpydaOaL, jJueyidTOv he to rrjf; laTpt/crj<; hoipov ov yap av TTore T0f9 (TO(f)ov<; A(7K\7]7rid8a<; e? eTTLarrujur^v TOVTOV irapekOelv, el fir] 7ral<; 'AttoXXwz/o? ^Aa/cXi]- TTto? yevo/jievo^, /cat Kara ra? eKeivov cpijfia<; re Kal /jiavT€ia(; ^vvOeU ra Trpoacpopa ral^; v6aot<; (papfiaKa, iraLcn re eavTOv 7rape8o)fce, Kal rov<; ^vv6vTa<; eSiSd^aro, rtW? piev Set irpoadyetv 7r6a<; vypol<; eXKeai, riva^ he av'Xp.Tjpol^; Kal ^rjpoU, ^vpbp.eTpia<; re iroTiiiwv <^app.dKwv, vcp^ wv vBepoi diToyeTevovTaL, Kal alp,a layeTai, (pOoat re irav- ovrat Kat ra ovrco KoTXa. Kal ra tmv lo^oXwv he CLKTi Kal TO TOt? lo^6XoL<^ avTol<; e? 7roX,Xa to)v voarjp^dTcov 'X^prjaOaL Ti<; d^aiprjaeTaL ttjv fiavTL- Krjv ; ov yap puoi SoKovatv avev Trj<; irpoytyvo)- aKovarj<; (TO^La<^ Oaparjcrai iroTe avOpwiroi tcl irdvTwv oXeOpicoTaTa (papfidKcov eyKaTapZ^ai tol<; aco^ovaiv. XLV CAP. 'ETrel Be Kal oSe 6 X6yo<; dvayeypaTTTau tm Ad- fjuihi, (TTTovhaadel^ eKel irepl tmv ev \vhol<; puvOoXo- yovp,ev(i)V O'Tipicov Te Kat Trrjycov Kat avdpwTTfov, /A?;^' ep.ol irapaXenreaOw, Kal yap KepSo^; av eir) /jti]Te TTiaTeveiv, p^rjTe dinaTelv irdaiv. rjpeTO yap 8r) 6 ^A7roXX(ovio<;, " eciTi ti ^^ov evTavOa ptapTi- 326 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III argument to the subject of divination^ and among chap. the many blessings Avhich that art had conferred ^^^ upon mankind, he declared the gift of healing to be and "'^ ^°" the most important. " For/' said he, "the wise sons medicine of Asclepius would have never attained to this branch of science, if Asclepius had not been the son of Apollo ; and as such had not in accordance with the latter' s responses and oracles concocted and adapted different drugs to different diseases ; these he not only handed on to his own sons, but he taught his companions what herbs must be applied to run- ning wounds, and what to inflamed and dry wounds, and in what doses to administer liquid drugs for drinking, by means of which dropsical patients are drained, and bleeding is checked, and diseases of decay and the cavities due to their ravages are put an end to. And who," he said, " can deprive the art of divination of the credit of discovering simples which heal the bites of venomous creatures, and in particular of using the virus itself as a cure for many diseases ? For I do not think that men without the forecasts of a prophetic wisdom would ever have ventured to mingle with medicines that save life these most deadly of poisons." XI.V And inasmuch as the following conversation also chap. has been recorded by Damis as having been held ^^^ upon this occasion with regard to the mythological mytMcal animals and fountains and men met with in India, I 'mimais of must not leave it out, for there is much to be gained by neither believing nor yet disbelieving everything. Accordingly Apollonius asked the question, whether FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. '^6pa<; r ^e'layo^a?, "/cat rtVa," ecj)?]/' (pvcnv rov ^a>ov TOVTOV r}Kov(ja<^ ; et'/co? yap /cal irepX eihov<; avTOv Ti XeyeaOaL. " Xeyerat," eiTre, " /leydXa KOI aTrtara, Terpdirovv pev yap elvat avro, Trjv Kec^aXrjv he dvOpoiirw elfcdaOai, Xeovri 8e copoico- aOai ro p,€yeOo<;, rrjv Se ovpav rov Orjpiov rovrov 7rri')(yaia<^ i/ccfyepeiv Kal d/cavOcoSei.^ Ta<; ryot^^a?, a? /SdXXetv coairep ro^evp^ara e'9 tol/? OrjpwvTa^ avroT epopukvov Se avrov /cal irepl rov ')(^pvaov vSaTO<;, 6 (paaiv i/c 77777% ^Xv^etv, Kal irepl tt}? 'y^rjc^ov Trj<; direp rj payvvfTLf; iroLOvarj^;, dvOpcoTrcov re iiiro yrjv OLKovvTcov Kal TTvypalcov av Kal dKiairohwv, vtto- Xa^cov 6 ^\dp')(^a<;, " irepl p-ev ^cocov rj ^vtmv^ elirev,
    • rj iTTjyoiv, (bv auTo? evravOa 7]kcov ei^e?, tl dv ctol
\eyoLpLL ; aov yap j^St] vvv i^rjyelaOaL avrd krepoi^' OrjpLOv 3e TO^evov rj ')(^pv(JOV Trrjydi; vSaro^ ov7T(o ivravOa rjKovaa. XLVI ^^r\ *' Ylepl puevTOi rr}<^ -^ijcpov r/}? i7na7rcop,€vrj<i re Kal ^vvSov(n]<; eavrfj \lOov<; erepa's ov y^prj dTriarelv earL ydp croi Kal Ihelv ttjv \lOov, Kal Oavpdaai rd ev avTT] irdvra. ycy veraL pev ydp r) peyiarrj Kara ovv^a SaKrvXov rovrov,^' hei^a^ rov eavrov dvri- ■yeipa, " KvidKerai he ev yfj koiXt] pdOo^; opyvtal rerrap€<;, roaovrov he avrfj Trepieari rov irvev- ^28 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 111 there was there an annual called the man-eater chap. {maHichoras) ; and larchas replied : " And what have "^^^ you heard about the make of this animal ? For it is probable that there is some account given of its shape." "There are," replied Apollonius, "tall stories current which I cannot believe ; for they say that the creature has four feet, and that his head resembles that of a man, but that in size it is compar^le to a lion ; while the tail of this animal jiuts out hairs a cubit long and sharp as thorns, which it shoots like arrows at those who hunt it." And he further asked about the golden water which they say bubbles up from a spring, and about the stone which behaves like a magnet, and about the men who live underground and the pigmies also and the shadow-footed men ; and larchas answered his questions thus r " What have I to tell you about animals or plants or fountains which you have seen yourself on coming here ? For by this time you are as competent to describe these to other people as I am ; but I never yet heard in this country of an animal that shoots arrows or of springs of golden water. XLVI " However about the stone which attracts and chap. binds to itself other stones you must not be sceptical ; ^^^^ for you can see the stone yourself if you like, and pc^atarhe admire its properties. For the greatest specimen is ^*°"® exactly of the size of this finger nail," and here he pointed to his own thumb, " and it is conceived in a hollow in the earth at a depth of four fjithoms ; but it is so highly endowed with spirit, that the earth swells FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. /jLaTO<i, ft)9 vTTOiSeiv Tr)v yrjv kol Kara iroWa pTjyvvaOai KVLafco/jievT]^ iv avrfj t?)? XiOov. fxa- (TTevcrai he avrrjv ovSevl e^eariv, airohthpaaKeL 'ycip, ei firj fxera Xoyov avaaircpTO' aXs! rjpiel^ jjlovol to. fiev SpdaavT€<^, ra Se elirovre^ avaipovfieOa tt^v TTavrdpffrjv ovofia yap avrfj rovro. vvKTWp [xev ovv Tjixepav dvacfyaivet, KaOdirep to Trvp, eart yap TTVpar) Ka\ aKTivcoSrj'i, el Se fie6^ rjfiepaif opcpro, ^dWei TOf? 6(f)9a\/jbovs /lap/jLapvyal'^ [ivpiaL'^. ro Be iv avrfj (pai<; irvevfid eariv dpprjrov la'^vo<;, irdv yap ro e'lyyi;? eairoLel avrfj. n Xeyo) rb iyyv<;; eari aoL XiOov^y oiTO(Ta<^ jSovXei, Karairovroxjai rroL ?; rwv irorafJuSiv i) rij^; OaXdrrrj^;, Kal /jLtjBc €77^9 dXXrjXcov, dXXd a7ropdSas fcal q)<; erv^^ev, 7) Se €9 avra's H:a0L/j.7]Oelaa, ^vXXeyerai rrdaa^; rfj rod TTvevfiaro'^ SiahocreL, Kal viroKeiaovrai avrfj porpvhov at XWot,, KaOdirep (t/jl7Jvo<;.'^ XLVII CAP. Kal eliToov ravra eBec^e rrjv XiOov avrrjv re Kal oTTocra epya^erai. rov^ be 7rvy/jLaiov<; oiKeiv fiev vTroyelov^;, KelaOai he virep rov Tdyyijv, ^wvra^ rpOTTOv 09 rrdaiv etprjrai-, aKLdiroha^ he dvOpco- TTov^ Tj /jLaKpoKe(f)dXov(; rj onoaa ^KvXaKo<; ^vy- ypa(j)al irepl rovrcop ahovaiv, ovre dXXoae iroi jSio- reveiv ri)^ yr^s ovre /jLtjv ev Yvhol's, 33Q LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK III and breaks open in many places when the stone is chap. conceived in it. But no one can get hold of it. for it runs away, unless it is scientifically attracted ; but we alone can secure, partly by performance of certain rites, and partly by certain forms of words, this pantarbe, for such is the name gi\ en to it. Now in the night-time it glows like the day just as fire might, for it is red and gives out rays ; and if you look at it in the daytime it smites your eyes with a thousand glints and gleams. And the light within it is a spirit of mysterious power, for it absorbs to itself everything in its neighbourhood. . And why do I say in its neighbourhood ? Why you can sink anywhere in river or in sea as many stones as you like, and these not even near to one another, but here there and everywhere ; and then if you let down this stone among them by a string it gathers them all together by the diffusion of its spirit, and the stones yield to its influence and cling to it in a bunch, like a swarm of bees." XLVII And having said this he showed the stone itself chap. and all that it was capable of effecting. And as to ^^ the pigmies, he said that they lived underground, pi^ies and that they lay on the other side of the Ganges and lived in the manner which is related by all. As to men that are shadow-footed or have long heads, and as to the other poetical fancies which the treatise of Scylax recounts about them, he said that they didn't live anywhere on the earth, and least of all in India. FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS XLVIII xi'vnr '^^^ ^' opVTTOVGi ')(^pV(7ov ol ypV7r€<;, irerpai eicrlv olov aTTLvOrjpGLV ecFTL'yp.evaL rac<; rov ')(^pvaov paviaiv, as XiOoropel to Orjpiov tovto tji tov pd/jL- ^ou? la-)(yi. to, 'yap drjpia ravra elvai re iv ^\vhol<; Koi l€poiJ<; vop,i^e(j6ai tov 'YiXiov, TeOpnTTrd T€ avTMv VTTO^evyvvvaL Tot9 dydXpaat tov<; TOV ¥i\iov iv lv8ol<^ ypdcpovTW^, /xeyeOof; re Kal dXKTjv el/cdcrOai avTov<; rot? Xeovaiv, vtto Be TrXeove^laf; to)v TTTepcov avTOi<; re €/c€lvoi<; eVirt- OecrOai, Kai tcov iXecf^dvTcov Be /cat BpaKovTcov vTrepTepov<=; eJvai. ireTOVTat Be ovirco p^eya, dXTC oaov ol ^pa')(y7ropoi 6pvi6e<^, p.rj yap eTTTtXcoaOai a(j)d<i, ot)9 opviai irdTpiov, dXX^ vfieai tov^; Tapaov<^ v(f)dvOai 7rvp(T0L<=i, co? elvat /cv/cXd)aavTa<; TreTeaOai Te Kal eK fieTecopov p,d')(e(j6ai, Tr)v Tiypiv Be avTol<; dvdXcoTov elvai p,ov7]Vf eTreiBt] to Td^o<; avTrjv eairoiel TOt<; dvepoi'^. XLIX CAP. Kat TOV (f)Oivi/ca Be tov opviv tov Bia irevTa- Koalcov €T(ov €9 AiyviTTov rjKovTa, ireTeaOaL fxev ev Trj ^IvBiKT) TOV ')(p6vov TovTov, elvai Be eva, e/cBiBo- /levov Twz^ uKTivcdv Kal '^(pvcrM Xd/jLTTOVTa, jJueyeOo'^ deTov Kal eiBo<i, e? KaXidv Te i^dveiv tyjv €k tov dpcopaT0<i 7roiovp.evT]v avTfp Trpo<^ Tai<; tov NetXof irriyal^. a Be hlyviiTioi irepl avTOv aBovaiv, w? €9 AtyvTTTOv <f)epeTai, Kal ^IvBol ^vp,papTvpovai, LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III XLVIII As to the ffold which the m-ifiins dia; up, there are chap. c5 r^ -^ XT VTTF rocks which are spotted with drops of gold as with sparks, which this creature can quarry because of the griffins strength of its beak. " For these animals do exist in India/' he said, " and are held in veneration as being sacred to the Sun ; and the Indian artists, when they represent the Sun, yoke four of them abreast to draw the images ; and in size and strength they resemble lions, but having this advantage over them that they have wings, they will attack them, and they get the better of elephants and of dragons. But they have no great power of flying, not more than have birds of short flight ; for they are not winged as is proper with birds, but the palms of their feet are webbed with red membranes, such that they are able to revolve them, and make a flight and fight in the air ; and the tiger alone is beyond their powers of attack, because in swiftness it rivals the winds. XLIX ^^ And the phoenix," he said, "is the bird which visits chap. Egypt every five hundred years, but the rest of that ^ ' time it flies about in India ; and it is unique in that ph it gives out rays of sunlight and shines with gold, in size and appearance like an eagle ; and it sits upon the nest which is made by it at the springs of the Nile out of spices. The story of the Egyptians about it, that it comes to Egypt, is testified to by the Indians 333 oenix FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. 7Tpo(TahovT€<; Tc3 \6<yo) TO Tov (f)OLVLfca rov ev ry XLIX ^«/' f rf f'«  KaKia TrjKOfjLevov TrpoTrefXTTT^jpLov^; vfivov^ avTco aSeiv. TOVTi Se /cat tou? KVKvov<i (f)aaL Spdv ol ao(f)Ci)Tepov avTMv aKovovTe<^. CAP. Tofat^e pev at 7rpo<; tou? (TO(f)ov<; ^uvovaiai AttoWcovup eyevovTO p,7]vcov rerrdpcov eKel Siarpt- ■yjravTL, /cat ^vWa^ovri \6yov<i (f)av€poi)<=} re /cal aTTopprJTOv; 7rdvTa<i, eVet Se e^eXavvecv e/SovXero, TOV puev r^yepova koX ra? Kap.r]\ov<i irelOovaLv avTOV diro'KepL'\\rai tm ^pacoTj} p,€T eTr^crroX?;?, avTol 8e rjyep.ova eTepov /cal Kap.rjXov's hovTe^ TrpoeTTepbTTov avTov, €v8aLpovi^ovT€<; avTov^ tg KOLKelvov. cKTiraadpievoL he tov ^AttoWcoviov /cal Oeov Tot9 7roWo2<; elvai So^etv ov TeOvecoTa p,6vov, aWa /cal ^covTa (pijaavTe^;, avTol p.ev vireaT pey^rav €9 TO (ppOVTLaTJJpLOV, ilTLaT pec^OpLGVOt TTpO^ TOV dvSpa /cal 87]\ovvt€<^, otl d/covT€<; avTov aTraWaT- TOVTai' he WttoWcovio^ ev he^id puev tov Tdyyrjv e'X^cov, ev dpicTTepa 8e tov "TcfiaaLV KaTTjei errl ttjv OdXaTTav r/puepcov SeKa oSov dirb tov lepov oy^dov. /caTLovac B avTol^ iroXkal p.ev cFTpovOol i(f)aLvovTO, TToWol 8e dypioL /3o69, ttoWoI he ovol /cal XeovT€<; /cal TraphdXet^i /cal Tiypei^;, /cal Tridij/ccov yevo^ eTepov irapa tov^ ev Tal<; TreTrepicn, p,eXave<; Te yap /cal Xdaiot, rjaav /cal to, eihrj Kvvecoi /cal ap.L/cpoi<; dvOpcoTTOLt; Xgoi. hiaXeyopievoi he irepl tcov opw- pLevcov, oiTola elooOecrav, dcfyl/covTO eirl ttjv OdXaT- Tav, ev jj KaT€cr/ceva(TTO ep^iropia pLi/cpd, /cal irXola 334 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III also, but the latter add this touch to the storV;, that cHaP. the phoenix which is being consumed in its nest ^^^^^ sines funeral strains for itself. And this is also done by the swans according to the account of those who have the wit to hear them. In such conversations with the sages ApoUonius chap. spent the four months which he })assed there, and ^^ he acquired all sorts of lore both profane and ^^'^s^the'"^ mysterious. But when he was minded to go on liis Brahmans way, they persuaded him to send back to Phraotes with a letter his guide and the camels ; and they themselves gave him another guide and camels, and sent him forth on his way, congratulating both them- selves and him. And having embraced ApoUonius and declared that he would be esteemed a god by the many, not merely after his death, but while he was still alive, they turned back to tlieir place of meditation, though ever and anon they turned to- wards him, and showed by their action that they parted from him against their will. And ApoUonius keeping the Ganges on his right hand, but the Hyphasis on his left, went down towards the sea a journey of ten days from the sacred ridge. And as they went down they saw a great many ostriches, and many wild bulls, and many asses and lions and pards and tigers, and another kind of apes than those which inhabit the pepper trees, for these were black and bushy-haired and were dog-like in features and as big as small men. And in the usual discussion of what they saw they reached the sea, where small factories had been built, and passenger 335 FLAVILJS PHILOSTRATLIS CAP. 3e €v avrol^ copfjuei TropOfiela TrapaTrXijata rot*? Tvpp7)voL(;. ri]v 8e OdXarrav rrjv ^KpvOpav elvat jjbev KvavwTdTTjv, MvofidaOai Se, &>? elirov, aTTO ^pvdpa ^aaiXeco^;, 09 eirwvoixaaev eavrov eKeivco Tft) TreXdyec. LI LI CAP. ^KvravOa tjkcov ra? fiev KapbrjXov^^ d^Te^^efJb^^e tu> ^Xdpya fier eViCTToX^* " ^AiroXXcovLo^; 'Jdp^a /cal to?9 erepot? ao(f>ol'^ 'XjCLipeLv. d(f)L/co/jiev(p /jLoc ire^fj 7rpo<; vfjia<; SeSco/care Tr)V Od- Xarrav, dXXa Kal aocpia^; tt}? iv vfitv KOivcovrj- (Tavres SeScoKare Kal Bid rov oupavov TropeveaOai. /jL6p.V7]ao/jLac rovrcDV Kal irpo^;' ^XXr}va<i, kolvcovtjctco re Xoycov &)? irapovaiv v/jlIv, el p,7] fidrijv eiriov rov TavrdXov. eppcoaOe dyaOol (j)cX6ao(l>oi" LII CAP. AuT09 ^€ e7n^d<; veoo^ iKOfil^ero Xeiw Kal evcfyopo) TTPevfiart, Oavfid^cov ro aro/ia rov TcpdacBof^, a)9 (f)o^epa)<; 8l avrov iK')(elrar reXevroiv ydp, 0)9 €(f>7]v, €9 'X^copia rrerpcoSr] Kal areva Kal Kprj/ivov^; eKTTLTrrei, Bl mv Karapprjyvv<; 69 rrjv OdXarrav evl aropari yaXeiTO'^ BoKel ro2<i dyav rfj yfj TrpoaKeL/JLevoL^. 336 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III ships rode in them resembling those of the Tyrrlienes. chap. And they say that the sea called Erythra or " red "is ^ of a deep blue colour^ but that it was so named from a kin«: Ervthras, who oave his own name to the sea in question. LI Having reached this point, Apollonius sent back chap. the camels to larchas together with the following '^^ If-ttpr • ApoUoniu.-" ^^^^^^ • farewell letter to '^ Apollonius to larchas and the other sages larchas greeting. " I came to you on foot, and yet you presented me with the sea ; but by sharing with me the wisdom which is yours, you have made it mine even to travel through the heavens. All this I shall mention to the Hellenes ; and I shall communicate my words to you as if you were present, unless I have in vain drunk the draught of Tantalus. Farewell, ye goodly philosophers." LII He then embarked upon the ship and was borne chap. away by a smooth and favourable breeze, and he was ^^^ much struck at the formidable manner in which the Hyphasis discharges itself into the sea at its mouth ; The mouth for in its later course, as I said before, it falls into Hyphasis rocky and narrow country and over precipices, and breaking its way through these to the sea by a single mouth, presents a formidable danger to those who hug the land too closely. 337 VOL. I. Z FLA VI us PHILOSTRATUS LIII Lin Kal fxrjv koI to tov ^Ivhov GTOfia IBetv (pacri, ttoXlv he eV avTOV fcelaOai UdraXa TreplppVTOv TO) 'IvSo), 69 fjv TO vavTLKov TOV ' AXe^dvhpov eiOelv, u> vavapxov eTTLTeraxOai Neapxov ovk dyv/jLvao-TOV rrj^i OaXarriOV Td^€0)<;. aSe Op0a- ryopa irepl t?}? 'EpvOpd^; €Lp7]TaL, kol otl fi7]T€ t) dpKTO^ iv avrfi (^aivotro, firire ayfialvoiVTO^ rrjv p.€(Tfiril3piav ol irXeovje^, oi -re liTihr)\oi TOiV aare- pa)v i^aWdrTOiev t?)? eavTcov Tafeo)?, hoKsl Kai Ad/jLiBi, Kol XP^ TTidTeveLV vyiM^ re Kai Kara TOV 6K€l ovpavov elprjaOaL ravra. /jLvr]fiov€uov(TL Kai vrjaov puKpa^;, y ovofia elvai Bl^Xov, ev r) TO ToO /cojx^^^^ov p^ejedo^ /cat ol p^ve<; oarpea re Koi rd Toiavra hefcairXdaia tmv 'EWtjvlkmv to fieyeOof; ral^ irerpaL^; irpoairec^vKev. dXiaKeTaL he /cal XlOo^ eKel p^apyaph ev oarpdKcp Xev/cco KapUa^; TOTTOv exovcra rco oarpe(p. LIV CAP. KaTao-^eti^ ^e (^aai kol t'? UyydSa^ tT]^^ tmv ^^'^' "apetTcov %wpa9, ol he 'VtpelraL, xaX/cal p.ev avroc^ al Trerpat, X^'^'^V ^^ V 'fdfip.o^, x^Xfcovv heyfryrypa ol TTorap^ol dyovat. pvalriv he yyovvrai Tr]v XTF hid TTjv evyeveiav rod ^^aX/cof). 338 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III LIII They say, moreover, that they saw the mouth of chap. the Indus, and that there was situated on it the city ^^^^ of Patala round which the Indus flows. It was to Pa^ia^ *^* this city that the fleet of Alexander came, under the command of Nearclms, a highly trained naval ca}itain. Nearchus But as for the stories of Orthagoras about the sea orthatroras called Erythra, to the eff'ect that the constellation of the bear is not to be seen in it, and that the mariners cast no shadows at midday, and that the visible stars there vary from their usual positions, this account is endorsed by Damis ; and we must consider it to be sound and based on local observations of the heavens. They also mention a small island, of the name of The isle of Bibln? Biblus, in which there is the large cockle, and where there are mussels and oysters and such like organisms, clinging to the rocks and ten times as big as those which we find in Greece. And there is also taken in this region a pearl in a white shell, wherein it occupies the place of the heart of the oyster. LIV And they say that they also touched at Pegadae in chap. the country of the Oreitae. As for these people, ^^^' they have rocks of bronze and sand of bronze, and the of the"^ "^'^ dust which the rivers bring down is of bronze. But oreitae they regard their land as full of gold because the bronze is of such high quality. 339 z 2 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS LV CAP. ^aal Be fcal rot? 'lxOvo<f)dryoi<; evrvxe'iv, ok tto- '-'■ Xlv elvai ^ro/Bvpa, hc^Oepa^ hi tovtov^ hri^Oai /jL€yiaT(ov IxOvcov, KaX ja Trpo/Sara ra eKeivr} ix^v- coSt; elvat Kal (j^ayelv droira, tou9 yap Troifieva^ l36aKeLV a{jTk tol^ IxOvcnv, ^airep ev Kapia roj? a{jKOL<;. Kap/xavol he 'IvBol yevo^ Vf^epov evix^v ovTco vefiovrai OakaTTav, a)9 M^ arroOerov^ iTOieladai Toh, Ix^v^, M^e, cl^airep^ %F^T TapiX^veLV, aXX' oXiyov^ fiev avrojv airobiboaUat, TOv<i he TToWov^ aaTraipovra^ aTTohbovai rrj Odkdrrrj, LVI CAP. UpocTTrXevcTai (j)aaL koI BaXdpoi^, ifxiropiov he ^^^ elvai rd BdXapa fieaTOV fivppLv^v re fcal c^olvlkc^v, Kai hd^va^ ev avT& Ihelv Kal TrrjyaUhiappeiaeaL TO x^^P^ov. Ki]iTOL he oTToaoL rpcoKTol fcat OTTOCrOi dvOewv KTiTTOL, /3pv€LV ttUTO, fcal Xtfievu^ fxeaTOv<; yaX7]pr]<; ev avru) elvat. irpofcelaeai he tov x^'^P^ov rovTOV vrjcTOV lepdv, ^v KaXelaOaL leXi]pa, /rat, (Trdhia fiev eKarov elvai rw iropOfiw, vr^pipha he olfcelv ev avrfj heivrjv haiaova, ttoXXou? yap rcov 7rXe6vTG)v dpirdl^eLV, Kal jii]he Tat9 vavcl ^vyx^^peiv TrelcTfia eK Tr]<i vrjaov ^dXXeaOat. 340 LIFE Oft APOLLOXIUS, BOOK III LV And they say that they came across the people chap. called the Fisli-eaters^ whose city is Stobera ; and they clothe themselves in the skins of very large ichthj-- fishes^ and the cattle there taste like fish and eat ^phagi extraordinary things ; for the shepherds feed them upon fish, just as in Caria the flocks are fed on figs. But the Indians of Carman are a gentle race, who live on the edge of a sea so well stocked with fish, that they neither lay them in by stores, nor salt them as is done in Pontus, but they just sell a few of them and throw back most they catch panting into the sea. LVI They say, that they also touched at Balara, which is chap. an emporium full of myrtles and date palms ; and ^^'^ there they also saw laurels, and the place was well ^^g'j^r^^d watered by springs. And there were kitchen gardens there, as well as flower gardens, all growing luxuriantlv, and the harbours therein were entirely calm. But off the place there lies a sacred island, which was called Sclera, -md the passage to it from the mainland was a hundred stades long. Now in this island there lived a Nereid, a dreadful female demon, which would snatch away many mariners and would not even allow ships to fasten a cable to the island. 341 FLAVIUS PHILOSTR/VTUS LVII ^^J** "A^LOV 8e fiTjSe tov irepl T779 erepa^; /jbapyaplriSo^; TTapekOelv Xoyov, evrel /Ji7]8e AttoXXcovIw fxeipaKLOi- St]^; eSo^ev, dWa TrXdrreraL r^Siarof; kol tmv iv ry OaXaTTOVpyia Oav/jLacrLa)TaTO<;. rd yap rerpafi- fieva Trj<; vrjaov 7rpo<; to TreXayo^; eaji fiev direipo'^ TTvO/xrjv OaXdTTTjs, <f>ep€L 8e oarpeov iv iXvTpw XevKw fiearov Tr^yLteX?}?, ov8e yap XiOov (pvei ovSeva. yaXrjvr]v Be eTTL^yXd^avTe^; koI ttjv ddXarrav avTol XedvavTe^, tovtI he rj tov eXaiov iirippor] irpdTTet, KUTahveTai Ti9 eVt tyjv Orfpav tov oaTpeov, Ta fiev dXXa KaTecrKevacrfievo^, coairep ol Td<; (jiToyytd<^ KeipovTe^, ecFTL Be avTw fcal ttXlvOX^; aiBrjpd Kal dXd^aaTpo^; fivpov. 7rapL^7](Ta<; ovv 6 'Ii^So9 Tw o(TTpe(p BeXeap avTOv to fivpov TrotetTat, TO Be dvoiyvvTai t€ /cat fxedveL vtt uvtov, KevTpco Be BieXaOev diToiTTvei tov i'X,o)pa, 6 Be e/cBex^Tat avTOV Ty TrXivOiBi TVTrov<; opcopvy/jLevrj. XiOovTat Be TO evTevdev Kal pvOfii^eTai, KaOdirep r) (f)vaei /jLapyapi^;, KaaTiv rj /jLapyapl<; alfia XevKov e^ epv6pd<^ tt}? 6aXdTTrj<;. eTnTiOeaOat Be ttj Srjpa TavTT) Kal T0U9 ^Apafiiov<i (jyaalv dvTi7repa<; oiKOVVTa^. TO Be evTevdev OTjptcoBr] puev ttjv OdXaTTav elvat irdaav, dyeXd^eaOai Be iv avTjj Ta K-^Ti], T<X9 ^e vav<; epvpLa tovtov KOdBwvo^opelv KaTa TTpvfivav re Kal irpcppav, ttjv Be 7;%w iK7rX7]TT€iv Ta Orjpia, Kal fjurj idv i/nreXd^eiv Tat9 vavaL 342 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III LVII It is just as well not to omit the story of the other chap. kind of pearl : since even Apollonius did not regard ^^^^ it as puerile^ and it is anyhow a pretty invention, and Jghe^s*^^ there is nothing in the annals of sea fishing so remarkable. For on the side of the island which is turned towards the open sea, the bottom is of great depth, and produces an oyster in a white sheath full of fat, for it does not produce any jewel. The inhabitants watch for a calm day, or they themselves render the sea smooth, and this they do by flooding it with oil ; and then a man plunges in in order to hunt the oyster in question, and he is in other respects equipped like those who cut off the sponges from the rocks, but he carries in addition an oblong iron block and an alabaster case of myrrh. The Indian then halts alongside of the oyster and holds out the myrrh before him as a bait ; whereupon the oyster opens and drinks itself drunk upon the myrrh. Then it is pierced with a long pin and discharges a peculiar liquid called ichor, which the man catches in the iron block which is hollowed out in regular holes. The liquid so obtained petrifies in regular shapes, just like the natural pearl, Avhich is a white blood furnished by the Red Sea. And they say that the Arabs also who live on the opposite coast devote themselves to catching these creatures. From this point on they found the entire sea full of wild Seals animals, and it was crowded with seals ; and the ships, they say, in order to keep off these animals, carry bells at the bow and at the stern, the sound of which frightens away these creatures and prevents them from approaching the ships, 343 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS LVIII 9yV{. K^ara7r\€ucravT€<; Se e? ra? 6K^o\a<; rod Eu- (Ppdrov (f)aalv e? l^a^vXwva St avrov dvairXevaai irapd Tov OvapSdvrjv, koI tv')(6vt€<; avrov oiov iyi'yvcoaKOV, eirl Tr]V ^Ivov ekdelv avdt^, koI rf;? ^ AvT ioyeia^; avvijOo)^ v^pi^ovari<^ fcal /jLrjSev rojv '¥jWT]VLfC(t)v ea7Tov8aKVia<^, eVl OdXarrdv re Kara- ^rjvai Triv eirl ^eXevKctav, v€co<^ re eiTLTV^6vT€<^ TTpoairXevaaL }^v7Tpw Kara rrjv Ild(f)Ov, ov to t?}? ^A(f) po8 iT7]<; eSo?, o ^vfil3oXiK(o<i lhpvp,evov Oavfidaai, TOV ^ AiroWdyvLov , kol TroWa to 1)9 lepew^ e? r^t' 6(7 Lav TOV lepoi) ScSa^d/jLevov, e? 'Icoviav irXevaai Oavfia^ofievov i/cava)<^ Kai /jieydXcov d^iov/jtevov irapd Tol^ TTjv aocpiav Ti/jLcoaiv. 344 LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK III LVIII And when they had sailed as far as the mouth of chap. tlie Euphrates, they say that they sailed up by it to Babylon to see Vardan, whom tliey found just as regains^^ they had found him before. They then came afresh ^"^* to Nineveh, and as the people of Antioch displayed their customary insolence and took no interest in any affairs of the Hellenes, they went down to the sea at Seleucia, and finding a ship, they sailed to Cyprus and landed at Paphos, where there is the statue of Ajjhrodite. ApoUonius marvelled at the symbolic con- struction of the same, and gave the priests much instruction with regard to the ritual of the temple. He then sailed to Ionia, where he excited much admiration and no little esteem among all lovers of wisdom. 345 BOOK IV A'. CAP. 'EttcI Be elSov rov avhpa ev 'lo)Via irapeXOovTa €9 TTJV "E(j)€(TOV, OvSe ol jSdvaVCTOl €TC TTpO^ Tat? iavTMV Te%z^at9 rjorav, aXX rjKoXovOovv 6 fiev (TO^la^, 6 Be €cSov<;, 6 he SiaLTr]<;, 6 Se o-%7;/zaT09, ol he TrdvTcov ojjlov Oav/JLaaral ovre^, Xojoc re nrepl avTov i(j)OiT(ov, ol fiev eV tov Ko\o<j)MVt fiavreiov Koivcdvov Trj<^ eavTOV aoj)ia<^ Kol ttTe%i/w9 ao(j)Ov Kal ra rotavra rov dvSpa aSovre^, ol Se eV AtSv- . ficov, ol Se eK tov irepl lo UepyafMov lepov, 7roWov<; yap tmv vyiela^; heofxevayv 6 6eo<^ eKeXevae irpoac^oirav tm 'AiroWcovUp, tovtI yap avro^ re ^ovXeaOau Kal SoKelv rat^ MoLpat<;. ecjyolrcov Kal irpeapelaL nTpo<; avrov Sk tmv iroXeayv, ^evov re avTov r)yovfjbevoc Kal ^iov ^v/jif^ovXov jScDficov re ISpvaeo)^ Kal dyaXfiaTov, 6 Se eKaara rovrcov ra fjuev eTnareXXayv, rd he d(\)i^ea6ai <^daKWV Scoyp- OovTO. 7rpeaf3evaafjLevr]<; he Kal T7)9 ^p^vpvii^ Kal o TL fiev heotro ovk el'7rovor]<;, eKXiTrapovai]^ he d(f)iKea6ai, r/pero rov irpea^evrrjv, 6 tl avrov heoLvro, 6 he, " Ihetv,"' e^v " f<^^i^ ocpOrfvac." 6 he 348 BOOK IV 1 And when they saw our sage in Ionia and he had chap. arrived at Ephesus, even the mechanics would not ^ remain at their handicrafts, but followed him, regain?^"^ one admirinff his wisdom, another his beauty, ^^"^^*"^,^^ •■ wclcoincQ, another his way of life, another his bearing, some of by the them everything alike about him. Reports also were q^IH *^*^ current about him which originated from various oracles ; thus from the oracle at Colophon it was announced that he shared its peculiar wisdom and was absolutely wise, and so forth ; from that of Didyma similar rumours emanated, as also from the shrine at Pergamum ; for the God urged not a few of those who were in need of health to betake them- selves to ApoUonius, for this was what he himself approved and was pleasing to the Fates. Deputa- tions also waited upon him from various cities offering him their hospitality, and asking his advice about life in general as well as about the dedication of altars and images ; and he regulated their several affairs in some cases by letter, but in others he said would visit them. And the city of Smyrna also sent a deputation, but they would not say what they wanted, though they besought him to visit them ; so he asked the legate what they wanted of him, but 349 FI.AVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. 'AvroXXcoi^to?, " iKpL^ofiaL,^ elTre, SoLrjTe Se, o) Moi)(7ai, KOI cpacrOijvaL dWyXcouJ'^ II CAP. Trjv /jLcv 8?) StdXe^Lv ri^v irpcort^v diro T'^9 Kprj- TTfcSo? Tov v€a) 7r/309 Tou? ^Ecf^eorLov; Bt€\e')(^dr}, ovX coairep oi ^coKparLKOi, dWa tmv jxev aWcov dirdycov T€ Kol diroaTTovhd^fjov , (f)i\oao(f)La Se /movtj ^vfi^ov- Xevcov irpoae'^eLV, Kai ctttol'S/)? i/bLTTLTrXdvai Tr)v "E(j)€crov fidWov rj paBvfjbia^ re kol dyepco'^ta^i, oiroarjv evpev op'^^rjarow yap rjTTrj/jLeuot Kai 7rpo<; 7rvppi')(aL<; avrol ovre^i, avXwv fjuev irdvra fieara rjv, /jLeara Be dvBpoyvvcov, fj^eard Se ktvttcov 6 Se KaLroL fi6Ta6€/jL6vcov T(t)v ^Rcjyeaicov Trpo? avrov ovk r]^iov ireptopdv ravra, dW i^ypet avTa Kai Bte- /SaWe Tot<i TToXXot?. Ill CAP. Ta9 Be aXXa? Sia\e^€C(; irepX rd aXai] rd iv tol<; III ffCTTOt? Bpo/jLOi^i €7T0LetT0, BtaXeyo/jbivDV Si irore irepl KoivoiVia'^ Kai SiBdcrKovTO<;, on ')(^pr) rpe^eLv T€ dW7]Xov^ Kai vir d\XrjXwv rpec^eaOai, arpov- 6ol fxev eKdOrjVTO eirl rcdv hevBpcov aiWTrcdvre^;, eZ? he avTMV irpoaTreTOfievo^ e^oa, irapaKeXeveadai tl 350 LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK IV lie merely said, " to see him and be seen. " So chap. Apollonius said : " I will come, but, O ye Muses, ^ grant that we may also like one another." II The first discourse then which he delivered was to chap the Ephesians from the platform of their temple, and ^' its tone was not that of the Socratic school ; for thTion^is he dissuaded and discouraged them from other pursuits, and urged them to devote themselves to })hilosophy alone, and to fill Ephesus with real study rather than with idleness and arrogance such as he found around him there ; for they were devoted to dancers and taken up with pantomimes, and the whole city was full of pipers, and full of effeminate rascals, and full of noise. So at the risk of estranging the Ephesians, he determined not to wink at such things, but cleared them out and made them odious to most of them. Ill His other discourses he delivered under the trees chap. which tjjrow hard bv the cloisters : and in these he sometimes dealt with the question of communism, and taught that they ought to support and be ^^'^ ^P*" supported by one another. While he was doing so on one occasion, sparrows were sitting quite silent upon the trees, but one of them suddenly gave a chirp as it flew up, just as if he had some coinniunis- ow 351 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. ooKOiv Tol<^ aWnc<;, ol he, co? imovaav, avroi re III J / f „ , , av€Kpayov /cal ap6evTe<^ eirerovrG virb rw €Pi. 6 fxev Brj ^AttoWcovlo'^ ec'^^ero rov \6yov, ytyvcoaKcov jiev, i(j) 6 Ti 01 (TTpovOol ire.TOLVTo, irpo^ he tov<; TToWou? ov')(^ ep/jLr)vev(ov avro, iirel he ave^Xe-yjrav e? avTOV<; irdvTe<; koX dvo7]TCt)<; evLOt reparoyhe^; avro evofJLLdav, TrapaKXci^a^ o AiroWcovLOf; rov \oyov, " 7r<2t9, elirev, oikiaOev uTrdycov TTvpov<=; ev aKacfyy), /cal KaKO)^ avrov^ ^vWe^diJievos avTo<; fjiev aTreXijXvOe, ttoXXol'? 3' eaxehaafievov^ diroXe- Xoiirev ev arevcoTrw rcG hecvt, 6 he arpovOo^ iraparvyjoov ovto<; irpo^evo's toI'^ dWoL<; iJKet rov ep/jLalov KoX TTOielraL avrov'^ ^vcralrov^! ol fiev hr/ irXelarot rodv dKpocD/jLei>cov hpofiw eVt TovToo)^ovTO,o he 'A7roXXooi/to9 7rpo<iTov^7rap6vTa(; hirjet Tov \6yov, ov irepl tt)? KOLvoivia<; irpovOero, KoX erreihri d(f>LK0VT0 /Socovre^ re kol fiecTTol Oavfiar- 09, '* ol fiev crrpovOoiy ' elTvev, " opdre, ft)9 eViyLte- Xovvrat re dX\,7]Xcov koI kolvwvlci '^(^aipovcriv, 7)fiel<; he cvK d^iovfiev, dWa kclv KOLVcovovvra erepoi^; ihcj/jiev, eKelvov fiev daconav kol Tpv(f)T]v kol tcl TOiavra rjyovfieOa, tov<; he vtt avrov Tpe<f)OfjLevov<i TrapaaiTOV^ re kol Ko\a/ca<; (pajjuev. kol tL Xolttov aX.X' 7} ^vyK\eLcravTa<; avTOv<;, wcnrep tov<; airevo- fievov; TU)v 6pvt6cov, ev aKoro) yacrrpL^eaOaL, fxe-^pL^ dv heap pay 0) fiev Tra^vvofievoi;" 352 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV instructions to give to his fellows ; and the latter, on chap. hearing it, themselves set up a ('hirj)ing and rose ^^^ and flew off under the guidance of the one. Now Apollonius went on with his argument, for he knew what it was that made the sparrows take wing, but he did not explain the matter to the multitude who were listening to him ; but when they all looked up at the birds and some of them in their silliness thought it a miraculous occurrence^ Apollonius interrupted his argument and said : " A boy has slipped who was carrying some barley in a bowl, and after carelessly gathering together what was fallen, he has gone off, leaving much of it scattered about in yonder alley, and this sparrow, witnessing the occurrence has come here to acquaint his fellows with the good luck, and to invite them to come and eat it with him." Most of his audience accordingly ran off to the spot, but Apollonius continued to those who remained with him the discourse he had proposed to himself on the topic of communism ; and when they returned talking loudly and full of wonder, he continued thus : '^ You see how^ the sparrows care for one another and delight in communism ; but we are far from approving of it, nay, should we happen to see anyone sharing his own in common with others, we set him down as a spendthrift and talk about his extravagance and so forth, while as for those who are supported by him, we call them parasites and flatterers. What then is left for us to do, except to shut overselves up like birds that are being fed up and fattened, and gorge ourselves in the dark until we literally burst with fat? " 353 VOL. I. A A FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS IV CAP. Aol/jlov Se v(f>€p7rovTO<i TTjv "K(f)€aov KoX ovirco avoihovarj^ t% voaov, ^vvrjK€ fiev o ^ATToWcoviof; T'^9 7rpoal3oXrj(;, ^vvei<; he irpovXeye. 7roWa')(^ov re Tcov SiaXe^ecov " w 77), /jbive ofxoia^^ koX roiavra iirecfiOeyyero ^vv aireLXfj' " Tovahe crcofe " koI " ov irapekevar] ivravOar ol 8' ov iTpoae'l')(ov koI reparoXoyiav ra Tocavra wovto rocTMSe fiaXXov, oaw KoX e? TTavra ra lepa (poLTOJV aTTorpeireiv avTo iSoKEL Kol air€V')(€a6aL. eVei he apoijrayf; el^ov rod 7rddov<;, eKeivoi^; fiev ovBev wero helv eirapKelv en, rrjv he aXXrjv Icovcav Trept^et, htopOov/jLevo^; ra Trap eKd<noi<; kol hiaXeyofJievo^ del TL (TCOTfjpiOV T0t9 TTapOVdLV. CAP. ^A<pLKvov/jLevu> he avrSi e? rrjv ^fjuvpvav irpoaa- TTTjVTfDv fxev 01 "lo)ve<;, kol yap erv^ov WavLctivia Ovovre^, dvayvovf; he /cal "^rjc^tapLa ^Jwvlkov, ev o5 eheovTO avrov KOivcovrjcraL a(f)iaL rov ^vXXoyov, /cal ovofxaTL 7rpo(TTV')(^cov r^Kiara l(ovLfca>, Aov- KovXXo<; ydp tc<; eireyeypaTTTo rfj yvwfir), Trefiirei eTTiaroXrjv e? to kolvov avrcov, eirnrXri^Lv ttolov- fievo<; irepl tov fiap^apiafiov tovtov Kal ydp 354 LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK I\ IV A PESTILENCE was Creeping over Ephesus ; but the chap. disease had not yet reached its full violence, before ^^ Apollonius understood that it was approaching, and pia^g^e fn*^ impressed with the danger he foretold it, and Ephesus interspersed his discourses with such exclamations as " O earth, remain true to thyself ! " and he added in a tone of menace such appeals as these : " Do thou preserve tliese men here," and " Thou shalt not pass hither." But his hearers did not attend to these warnings and thought them mere rodomontade, all the more because they saw him constantly visiting- all the temples in order to avert and deprecate the calamity. And since they conducted themselves so foolishly in respect of the scourge, he thought that it was not necessary to do an}i;hing more for them, but began a tour of the rest of Ionia, regulating their several affairs, and from time to time recommending in his discourses whatever was salutary for his audiences. But when he came to Smyrna the lonians went chap. out to meet him, for they were just then celebrating • the pan-Ionian sacrifices. And he there read a at^adoptTou decree of the lonians, in which thev besoueht him to ^^ ^^^^
  • ' lUXlUCS DV
take part in their solemn meeting ; and in it he met Greeks with a name which had not at all an Ionian ring, for a certain Lucullus had signed the resolution. He accordingly sent a letter to their council expressing his astonishment at such an instance of barbarism; 355 2 VI FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. 87) KOX <t>a/3piKL0V KOX TOLOVTOV<; €T6pOV^ fcV T0t9 ^' iyjrrjcptafjievoi^ evpev. ft)9 fJLev ovv eppcofxevo)'^ erre- iTXr)^€, S^tjXol 7) irepl tovtov eiricFToXi]. VI CAP. TiapeXOoiv he eir dWv^ rjfiepa^ e? TOV<;Jla)va^, " Tt9," 6(1)7], " 6 KpaT7)p 0UT09 ; " ot he e<^>aaav, " IlavLcovLO^ apvadp.evo<; ovv koX aiTei(ja<^, " co Oeoir elirev, loovcov r}yep.6v6^, Soirjje rfj KaXy aTTOiKia ravTr] OaXdrTr) dacpaXel XPW^^^ ^^^l p.7]Bev Tjj ryfj /cuKov fc'f auT?}? IT poaKwp.daaL, p.7)h^ Alyatayva aeidixOova invd^aL it ore ra? iroXec^;. TOtavTa eireOeia^e Trpoopcov, olp^ai, jd xpivoi^^ varepov irepi re XfMvpvav irepi re MiX7)T0V TTcpi T€ Xiov KoX %dp.ov Kal TToXXd^ TMV 'IdSwv ^Vfl- ^dvra. VII CAP. %7rov8v he opcov tov(; ^ubvpvaiov<; diravrcov aTTTOfjievovf; Xo^cav, eTreppcovvve Kat aTTovoaiOTepovi; eTToiei, (ppovelv re eKeXevev e</)' iavrot^ fidXXov i) Tft) T?}? 7roXe&)9 eiSec, koX ^dp, el /cal fcaXXiarri iToXewv, oTTocrai vtto rfXi(£> elai, /cal to ireXayo^ olKeiovTai, ^ecpvpov re TTrjyd^ e%6t, dXX' dvhpdaiv eare^avMO-OaL avrrfv r/Stov rj aroal^ Te /cat ^^pa^al'^ /cal XP^^(^ TTXeiovL rod heovrof;.^ tcl p-ev yap 1 ZiovTos should be read instead of ovtos : "in excess of what they had." VII LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV for he had_, it seems, also found the name Fabricius and chap. other such names in the decrees. The letter on this ^ subject shows how sternly he reprimanded them. VI And on another day he presented himself before chap. the meeting of the lonians, and asked : What is ^ this cup?" And they answered: '^'^ It is the ' pan- earthquakes Ionian cup." Whereupon he took a draught from ^^ ^'^^^^^ it and poured a libation, saying : " O ye Gods, who are patrons of the lonians, may ye grant to this fair colony to enjoy safety at sea, and that no disaster may wreak itself on them by land therefrom, and that Aegeon, the author of earthquakes, may never shake down their cities." These words he uttered under divine impulse, because he foresaw, as I believe, the disasters which afterwards overtook Smyrna and Miletus and Chios and Samos and several of the lades. VII And remarking the zeal with which the people of chap. Smyrna devoted themselves to all sorts of com- ^'ii positions, he encouraged them and increased their ^^"^"® ^*^ 1 1 11 -1 1-1 Smyrneans zeal, and urged them to take pride rather in them- to foster selves than in the beauty of their city ; for although "ather^than they had the most beautiful of cities under the sun, architecture and although they had a friendly sea at their doors, which held the springs of tlie zephyr, nevertheless, it was more pleasing for the city to be crowned with men than witli porticos and pictures, or even with gold in excess of what they needed. For, he said, 357 VII FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. olfCoSofjirifJiaTa eVl ravrov /jL€V€LV, ovSafiov opcofieva ttXtjv i/C€iVOV rod fiepov<; rrf^i yri<;, iv c5 iariv, dvSpa<; Se ayaOov^; iravraxov fJ^ev opaaOat, iravra- Xov Se ^deyyeaOai, rrjv Be ttoXiv, ^9 yeyovaaiv, aiTo<^aiveiv roaavTTjv, oaot irep avrol yrjv iireK- Oelv hvvavTai. ekeye Se ra? fiev iroXen: ra? ovro) Ka\a<; ioLKevai rw rod Ato? ayaXfiari, 09 iv ^OXv/jLTTia TM <t>€iSia efCTreTTOirjTaL, fcaOrjaOuL yap avTo — ovTa)(; rw hrjfjbiovpyw eSo^e — tou? Be avhpa<^ iirlTTavTa rj/covra^ fjLrjSev aireoiKevai rod 'Ofirjpelov At09, 09 iv TToWaU lS€aL<; 'Ofirjp(o TreTroirjrai Oav/JLaaicorepov ^vyK€L/jL€vo<; rod iXecpavrlvov rov fjLev yap iv yfj (^aiveaOat, rov Se 69 Travra iv t«  ovpavM vTTovoei<Juai. VIII via CAP. Kal pir)v /cat irepl rov irm av iToXeL^ dacpaXM^ olfcotVTO ^vv€(^LXoa6(^ei tol<; Ipivpvaioi^, Sia(t)epofie- vov<; opoiv aXXrjXoL^ Kal firj ^vyK€ifMevov<; ra^ yvco- piar eXeye yap Srj rrjv opOm olK7](TOfi6vr]v ttoXiv opLOVoia^ aTaaia^ov(7i]<; heladai, tovtov Be cittl- Odv(o<^ T€ Kal ouK €9 TO cLKoXovOov clpijaOaL B6^avTo<;, ^vveU 6 "AttoXXmvlo^;, on firj eiTovrai 01 TToXXol TO) Xoycp XevKov fievj' ^t), Kal fxeXav ovK av irore ravrov yevoiro, ouB' av tm yXvKel to 358 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV public edifices remain where they are, and are no- chap. where seen except in that particular part of the earth ^ ^^ where they exist, but good men are conspicuous everywhere, and ev^erywhere talked about ; and so they can magnify the city the more to which they belong, in - proportion to the numbers in which they are able to visit any part of the earth. And he said that cities which are only beautiful in the same way as Smyrna was, resemble the statue of Zeus wrought in Olympia by Pheidias ; for there Zeus sits, just as it pleased the artist that he should, whereas men who visit all regions of the earth may be well compared with the Homeric Zeus, who is represented by Homer under many shapes, and is a more wonderful creation than the image made of ivory ; for the latter is only to be seen upon earth, but the former is a presence imagined every- where in heaven. VIII And in his discussions, moreover, with the people chap. of Smyrna he wisely taught them also how best to ^^^^ ffuarantee the security of those who live in cities, His ideal tor he saw that they were at issue with one another patriotism and did not agree in their ideals. He accordingly told them that for a city to be rightly conducted by its inhabitants, you need a mixture of concord with party spirit ; and as this utterance seemed inadmissible and hardly logical, Apollonius realising that most of them did not follow his argument, added : " White and black can never be one and the same, nor can bitter be wholesomely blended 359 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. TTLKpov v<yi6)^ ^vyKpaOeirj, ofjbovoia Se araatdo-ec acoTrjpla^; evsKa tmv TroXecov. o Be Xeyco, rotovrov rjjco/jbeOa' crrttcri? rj jjuev iirl ^i^rj koI to KaraXt- Oovv dXXrjXov<; ar^ovaa direaTco TToXeo)?, y iratho- rpo(f)ia(i T€ Set Kal vo/jlcov /cat dvSpcjv, e<^' ol? Xojoi KoX epya, (piXoTLjuia Se rj irpo^ dXXrjXov^i virep tov KOLVov, KoX TTO)? dv o fiev >yv(o/bL7)<^ eiTTOL ^eXrico yvco/jirjp, S erepov dp,eivov dpyfjf; TrpoaraiT], 6 Se irpeajBevaeiev, o 5' e^oiKoSo/jLTjaaiTO Xapuirporepov Trj<^ erepov eirLaraTeia^}, epi^, olfjuai, avrr] dyadr) KoX aTdat,<; Trpo^ dXX7]Xov<; virep rod kolvov, to 8' dXXov dXXo eTTLTTihevovTa^ e? to t?}? TroXeft)? 6<f>eXo<; ^vfKpepeiv AaKehaifJiOvioL^ p.ev evrjOe^ eSo/cei irdXai, to. yap iroXepuKd e^eirovelTo acpiac, Kal 69 TOVTO eppcovTO 7rdvTe<; kol tovtov /ulovov rjTTTOVTO, ejJLol 8' dpLGTOV SoK€L TO IT pdTTeiV eKUGTOV, 6 Ti olSe Kol o TL hyvarai. el yap 6 /jlcv diro hr)fjiaywyia^ SavpLacrdi^aeTaL, 6 he d-no ao^ias, 6 he dirb tov e? to kolvov irXovTelv, o Se diro tov %y07;o'TO9 elvai, 6 Se drro tov €fi^ptdr)<i Kal fiij ^vyyvco/uLcov TOt? dp^apTavovaiv, o he diro tov fxi-j hi-a/3el3Xi]a0ac Ta? ')(elpa<^, ev KeiaeTai rj ttoXk;, fiaXXov he eaTtj^ei,^ 360 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV with sweet ; but concord can be so blended with party chap. spirit to secure the safety of cities. And let us consider ^ ^^^ my meaning to be somewhat as follows : Far be from your city the factiousness which leads men to draw- swords and to stone one another ; for in a city we need our children to be brought up properly^ and we need laws^ and we need inhabitants equally versed in discussion and in deeds. But mutual rivalry between men in behalf of the common weal, and with the object that one should give better advice than another, and that one should discharge better than another the duties of a magistrate, and that one should discharge the office of an. ambassador or of an aedile more brilliantly than his fellows, — here," he said, '^' I think you have a worthy rivalry and a real conten- tion among yourselves in behalf of the common weal. But that one ])erson should practise one thing and another another with a view to benefiting the city seemed of old a foolish thing to the Lacedaemonians, because they only cultivated the arts of war, and because they all strengthened themselves for this end and interested themselves in nothing else ; but to me it seems best that each man should do what he understands best and what he best can do. For that city will recline in peace, nay, will rather stand up erect, where one man is admired for his popular influence, and another for his wisdom, and another for his liberal expenditure on public objects, and another for his kindliness, and another for his severity and unbending sternness towards male- factors, and another because his hands are pure beyond suspicion." 361 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS IX <^-^P- Kat cLfia hiiodv ravra vavv elhe to)v rptap/xivoov ifCTrXeovaav /cat tou9 vavra^ aSXov aWw? e? to dvdyecrOaL avTrjv Trpdrrovraf;. iiriGrpe^wv ovv rov<; 7rap6vTa<;, " opdre eiire, "top t^9 veox; Sijp^ov. ct)9 01 fiev T<X9 e^oX/ctSa? e/jL^e^TJ/caaiv iperiKol 6Vt69, ol 3' d<yKvpa<; dvi/xMal re koX dvapTOicnv, oi Se UTre^of (7t ra iana rw dvepucp, ol he eK irpvfxvr)<^ re Kol 7rp(ppa<^ Trpoopcoacv ; el Se ev rovrayv 66? eXXeiyjreL tl rwv eavrov epycov q dfiaOa)<; t?}? vavTCK7J<; d-sjrerac, irovrjpcD^ TrXevaovvrai koI o '^etfiwv avTol So^ovaiv el Se (fnXoTi/jLTjaovraL 7rpo<; eavTOv^ koX aracridaovai /jltj Ka/clcov erepo^ erepov So^ai, KaXol /xev opfioi rfj vrjl javTrj, /xeara Be €vBia<i re koX €V7rXoia<; Trdvra, TloaeiBoov Be ^ A(T(j)dXeio<; r) irepl avrol^ ev^ovXia Bo^eiT CAP. TotouTOi9 p^ev Brj X6yoi<; ^vveL')(e Trjv Zp.vpvav, eirel Be rj v6(J0<; Tot9 ¥u<f>e(TLoi^ eveireae koI ovBev r]v irpo^i avTTjv avrapKe^;, eirpeajSevovTO irapd rov ^ KiToXXdyvLOV, larpov 7roiovp,evoi avrov rov irddovf;, 6 Be ovfc (oero Belv dva^dXXeaOai ttjv oBov, dX\ 362 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV IX And as he was thus discoursing^ lie saw a ship chap. with three sails leaving the harbour^ of which the sailors were each discharging their particular duties the ship in working it out to sea. Accordingly by way of^^'^^'^^^ reforming his audience he said : " Now look at that ship's crew^ how some of them being rowers have embarked in the tug-boats^ while others are winding up and making fast the anchors, and others again are spreading the sails to the wind, and others are keeping an outlook at bow and stern. Now if a single member of this community abandoned any one of his particular tasks or went about his naval duties in an inexperienced manner, they would have a bad voyage and would themselves impersonate the storm ; but if they vie with orie another and are rivals only with the object of one showing himself as good a man as the other, then their ship will make the best havens, and all their voyage be one of fair weather and fair sailing, and the precaution they exercise about themselves will prove to be as valuable as if Poseidon our Lord of safety were watching over them." With such harangues as these he knit together chap. the peo])le of Smyrna ; but when the plague began to rage in Ephesus, and no remedy sufficed to check the plague it, they sent a deputation to Apollonius, asking him Ephesus* to become physician of their infirmity ; and he thought that he ought not to postpone his journey. FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. elircov " twyu-ez^," rjv iv E^ecrco, rov Ilv6ay6pov, oifjuai, eKelvo irpdrrwv to iv SovpLOL<^ ojjlov koI ^eraTTOvTiOif; elvac. ^vvayayoyv ovv tov<; 'E^ecrt^of?, " Oapaelre, ecfirj, " Tijfiepov yap Travaco Trjv voaov, KOi €L7ra)v r/yev t)\iKiav Trdcrav iirl to OeaTpov, ov TO Tov ^KiroTpoTTaLov iSpVTat. '7rTco')(ev€cv Be rt? ivTavOa iBoKec yepcov eTrijuLvcov tov<; o^OaKp,ov^ Tex^Dy f^cil iryjpav €(f)€p€ koI dpTov iv avTjj Tpv(f)0<;, pcLKeai T€ 7]fi<pi€(TT0 Kol av^/^VP^^ ^^X^ "^^^ Trpocr- (oirov. 7TepiaTrjaa<=; ovv tov<; E^ecr60i'9 avTw,
  • ' paXkeTe tov 6eol<^ i^OpovT elire, " ^vWe^dfievot
TMV TdOcov ct)9 TrXeto-TOf?.'* 0av/jia^6vTO)v Be to)v ^Fj(f)eaicov, 6 tc Xeyot, kcA Betvbv rjyov/jLevcov, el ^evov diroKTevovaiv dO\L(o<; ovtco irpaTTOVTa, Kol yap iKeTeve kuI TroWd eVl eXeo) eXeyev, iveKecTo 7rapaKeXev6fi€vo<; toi<; 'E^f^rtot? ipeiBetv re Ka\ firj dvuevat. oo<; Be dKpo^o\Lo-p,a> TLve<; ivr avTw i^pwavTO, Kal 6 KaTafiveiv Bokmv dve/SXe- : yjrev dOpoov irvpo^ re pieaTov<; tou? 6<f)6a\fiov<; eBei^e, ^vvrjKav ol 'E(f)eaioL tov Baifiovo^ kol KUTeXiOwaav oi/ro)? avTOV, co? koXwvov XlOcov irepl avTov x^aacrdai. BioXlttwv Be oXlyov iKeXevaev d(\>eXelv tov^ XlOov^, Kal to Oi]piov, o direKTOvaat, yvoyvai. yvfxvwOevTO^ ovv tov ^e^XijaOac Bo- KOvvTo^, 6 iiev 7)(j)dviaT0, kvcov Be to fiev eiSo? 364 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV hut said : " Let us go." And forthwith he was in chap. Ephesus, perfonning the same feat, I believe, as ^ Pythagoras, who was in Thurii and Metapontuni at one and the same moment. He therefore called together the Ephesians, and said : " Take courage, for I will to-day put a stop to the course of the disease." And with these words he led the popula- tion entire to the theatre, where the image of the Averting god has been set up. And there he saw an old mendicant artfully blinking his eyes like a blind man, and he carried a wallet and a crust of bread in it ; and he was clad in rags and was very squalid of countenance. Apollonius therefore ranged the Ephesians around him and said : " Pick up as many stones as you can and hurl them at this enemy of the gods." Now the Ephesians wondered what he meant, and were shocked at the idea of murdering a stranger so manifestly miserable ; for he was begging and praying them to take mercy upon him. Xeverthe- less Apollonius insisted and egged on the Ephesians to launch themselves on him and not let him go. And as soon as some of them began to take shots and hit him with their stones, the beggar who had seemed to blink and be blind, gave them all a sudden glance and showed that his eyes were full of fire. Then the Ephesians recognised that he was a demon, and they stoned him so thoroughly that their stones were heaped into a great cairn around him. After a little pause Apollonius bade them remove the stones and acquaint themselves with the wild animal which they had slain. When therefore they had exposed the object which they thought they had thrown their missiles at, they found that he had disappeared . and instead of him there was a hound 3^5 FLA VI us PHILOSTRATUS CAP. 6fjLOLO<; T(p fc'/c MoXoTTcoz^, /jL6'yeOo<^ Se Kara rov lxe<yi(TTOv Xeovra, ^vvT€TpL/ji/j,evo(; MCpOi] vtto tmv \i6o)v, KoX irapaiTTvwv a(f)p6v, oicnrep ol XvTToyvref;, TO fxev hr) Tov A-iroTpoiraiov eSo^;, eari he '}ipaK\rj<i, iSpvTac irepl to ')(copiov, iv (p to (fidafia i^Xrjdrj. XI P^J'- l^aOrjpaf; he Toi)^ ^Ecpecrtov; rr}? v6(tov koX t&v KaTO, TTjv ^Icovlav LKavo)^ ^X^^' ^'^ ^V^ *^EX,Xa8a a)p/jLr)TO. fiahlaa^ ovv e? to Hepyafiov koI rjaOel^; Tw TOV ^ A<T/c\r]7rL0v lepQ), Tot<; re iKeTevovai tov Oeov v7ToOeixevo<^, oiroaa hpcovTe*^ ev^v/ji/36\(op oveipaTcov Tev^ovTat, ttoXXou? he kol laadjievo^;, rjXOev 69 T'qv ^Widha, Kol 7rdarj<; Trj<; irepl avTcop dp'X,ci'io\o<yia<; efjL(^opr]6els ecpoLTTjaev eVt TOv<i tmv 'A%ata)i^ Td(j)ov<;, kol ttoXXol fiev elTTMV eir avTol^y TToXXa he t6)v dvalpLcov re Kal KaOapSiv Kadaylaa^iy T0U9 jjiev eTaipov; eKekevaev eirl Tr}v vavv ^aj/oeri^, avT0<; he eirl tov koXcovov tov 'A;)^tXXea)9 evvv^ev- aetv e(f)r). hehcTTO/jbevcov ovv tmv eTalpcov avTov, Kal yap hr) Kal ol AcocrKopihac Kal ol ^aihLjjLot Kal 7) TOidhe o/ucXla iraaa ^vvrjaav r^h-q tS) ^AttoXXcjvlw, tov le 'A^tXXea (po^epov eTc (pa- (TKovTWV (^alveaOaL, tovtI yap Kal tov<; iv tw iXlw irepl avTOv TreTrecadai, " Kal firjv 67(0," ecprj, " tov
  • A;}^tXXea acpohpa olha Tal^ ^viovdiai^; 'Xl^ipovTa,
TOV Te yap Neo-ropa tov ck t^9 HvXov fidXa 366 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV who resembled in form and look a Molossian dog, chap. but was in size the equal of the largest lion ; there ^ he lay before their eyes, pounded to a pulp by their stones and vomiting foam as mad dogs do. Accordingly the statue of the Averting god, namely Hercules, has been set up over the spot where the ghost was slain. XI Having purged the Ephesians of the plague, CHaP. and having had enough of the people of Ionia, he started for Hellas. Having made his way then to resoi\"s\o^ Perffamum, and being ])leased with the temple of iVi**y^®^ . ^ 1 1 • 1 T z' 1 ^^^ ghost Asclepuis, lie gave hmts to the supplicants or the of Achilles god, what to do in order to obtain favourable dreams ; and having healed many of them he came to the land of Ilium. And as his mind was stored with all the traditions of their past, he w ent to visit the tombs of the Achaeans, and he delivered himself of many speeches over them, and he offered many sacrifices of a bloodless and pure kind ; and then he bade his companions go on board ship, for he him- self, he said, must spend a night on the mound of Achilles. Now his companions tried to deter him, — for in fact the sons of Dioscorus and the Phaedimi, and a whole company of such already followed in the train of ApoUonius, — alleging that Achilles w^as still dreadful to look upon ; for such was the conviction about him of the inhabitants of Ilium. "Nevertheless," said ApoUonius, '^ 1 know Achilles well and that he thoroughly delights in company ; for he heartily welcomed Nestor when he came from Pylos, because he always had something 367 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. TjcTTrd^ero, eireLOr) aei rt avrw Siyet, y^p'tfajov, ruv T€ ^oiviKa rpocpea Kai oiraoov Kai ra roiavra Ti/jidp €v6/jLi^€v, eTreiSTj hirj<yev avrbv 6 ^olvl^ Xoyoif;, Kol top Ylpiajjiov Se KaiTOL iroXefjucdTaTov avTO) ovra Trpaorara elSev, eTreiSr) BiaXeyo/jLepov 7]K0V(7€, KOL OSucTael Be iv SL-^oaraaLa ^vyyevo- /jL6V0<=; ovtco fieTptO'^ coi^Or], &)? koXo^; tm ^OSvcrael fxaWov rj cpo/Sepo^; Bo^at. Trjv jjbev Brj aairiBa kol rrjv Kopvv ttjv Becvov, w? (j^acri, vevovcrav, eirl tou? T/jwa? OL/jbat avrS elvai /jie/jivrjfieva), a vir avrcov hiraOev ciTrLcrTi] a avrcov tt^o? avrov virep tov yd/jbov, iyo) Be ovre yLtere^o) ri rod ^IXlov, BcaXi^ofiai re avTO) ')(apie(TTepov rj ol rore eralpoi, fcav airo- KTeivrj fie, W9 cf)aTe, p^erd ^lep.vovQ'^ Brjirov kol K.VKPOV /ceiaofiat Kai law^ pie ev Kairerw kolXtj, KaOdirep tov ' E/cropa, rj Tpola Od-^ei.*^ rocavra TTpo'; Tov(; eralpov^; dvapl^ Tratfa? re Kai aiTOV- Bd(Ta<;, TTpoae/Satve tw koXcdvm p,6vo<;, ol Be epaoi^ov em TrjV vavv eairepa^ rjoTj. XII CAP. 'O Be ^ATToXXooviOfi irepl opOpov y^kwv, " ttov,^^ e4>r}, " ^AvT t(TOevr)<; 6 TldpLO<; ; " e/3B6p,7]V Be ovto^; rjp^epav eTvyyavev 7]Br) 7rpoa7T€(pOLTr}K(o<i avTa> iv 'iXto). v7raKovaavTO<; Be rod ^AvTLaOevov<;, " irpoa- 7)Ket<; TC, ecpT], co veavta, rf) ipoia; acpoopa, elirev, " elpl yap Brj dvfoOev Tpd)<;. rj Kai Upta- 368 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV useful to tell him ; and he used to honour Phoenix chap. with the title of loster-father and companion and so ^ forth^ because Phoenix entertained him with his talk ; and he looked most mildly upon Priam also, although he was his bitterest enemy, so soon as he heard him talk ; and when in the course of a quarrel he had an interview with Odysseus, he made himself so gracious that Odysseus tliought him more handsome than terrible. For, I think that his shield and his plumes that waved so terribly, as they say, are a menace to the Trojans, because he can never forget, what he suffered at their hands, when they played him false over the marriage. But I have nothing in common with Ilium, and I shall talk to him more pleasantly than his former companions ; and if he slays me, as you say he will, why then I shall repose with Memnon and C3'cnus, iiiad 24. t^j: and perhaps Troy will bury me '^ in a hollow sepulchre ' as they did Hector." Such were his words to his com})anions, half playful and half serious, as he went up alone to the barrow ; but they went on board ship, for it was already evening. XII But Apollonius came about dawn to them and chap.' said : " Where is Antisthenes of Paros ? " And this ^^^ person had joined their society seven days before in ;^t'!away^^ Ilium. And when Antisthenes answered that he ^y ^y^^^' of was there, he said : " Have you, O young man, any Trojan blood in your veins ? " Certainly I have," he said, "for I am a Trojan by ancestry." '^'^ And a descendant of Priam as well?" asked Apollonius. 369 VOL I. B B FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. fxihrj^; ; '* V7) A/'," elirev " eV rovrov yap Srj ayaOo'^ re otfiat fca^ ayadcjv elvai.^^ *' €Ik6tco<; ovv, '^(pV* " 'A^iXXei;? airayopevei jioi /jlt) ^vvelvai croi, KeXevcravroi; yap avrov Trpea/Sevaau fjL€ 7rpo9 Toi;9 ©erraXoi"? irepl o)v alrtdrai crcfyd^, ft)9 IQpOfMTJVy TL dv TTyOO? TOVT(p 6T€pOV 7r/)09 %«/9iZ^ avTO) irpaTTOifiiy to /xeLpaKiOV 6(f)7] to ifc Udpou pLT) 7roLOvjji6vo<; ^vve/jiTTopov T/79 eavTOV cro(f)La<;, TipLapii^7]<i T€ yap iKavo)<; iart Kal rov "EjKTOpa vfjLVoyv ov Trauerat." XIII xtn '^ f^^^ ^^ ^AvTia06vr}<; d/ccov dirrfKOev, eVel he i]liepa eyeveTO /cal to irvevp.a eK t^9 7^9 eTrehihov, irepi T6 dvaycoyrjv rj vav<; el')(ev, eireppeov avrfj apLLKpa ovcrrj 7fXeiov<; €T€poi, /3ov\6fMevoL tw 'AttoX- \(0VL(p ^vpLirXelv, Kal yap fieTOTTCopov 7]B7} eTvyyave Kal /; OdXaTTa tjttov ^ejBaia. 7rdvT€<; ovv Kal ^6iyuwz^09 Kal 7rvp6<; Kal Ta)v ^aXeTrcoTaro)!^ KpetTTO) rov dvSpa rjyovpevoL ^vvepL^aiveiv rjOeXov, Kal eheovTO irpoahovvai ac^tai t% K0Lva)VLa<; tov ir\ov, iirel Se to irXripayp.a iroWairXdaLOV rjv Trj<; vect)(;, vavv /jL€L^cl> erepav eincrKe'^dpLevo's, TroWal oe irepi to AiavTeLOV yaav, evTavua, €(pr], epu- j3aiV(i)pLev, KoXov yap to yLtera TrXecovcov aoo^eadai. TTepij^aXoov ovv to TpcoiKov aKpcoT^piov, eKeXevae 370 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV ii Why yes, by Zeus," answered tlie other, " and chap. that is why I consider myself a good n>an and of *^^* good stock." '" That explains then," said the sage, " why Achilles forbids me to associate with you ; for after he bade me go as his de})uty to the Thessalians in the matter of a complaint which he has against them, and I asked him whether there was anything else which I could do to please him, ' yes,' he said,
  • you must take care not to initiate the young man
from Paros in your wisdom, for he is too much of a descendant of Priam, and the praise of Hector is never out of his mouth,' " XIII Accordingly Antisthenes went off though against chap. his will ; and when the day broke and the wind off ^^" shore increased in strength, and the ship was ready fromThe to be launched, it was invaded in spite of its small tomb of dimensions by a number of other people who were Methymn anxious to share the voyage with Apollonius ; for it was already autumn and the sea was not much to be trusted. They all then regarded Apollonius as one who was master of the tempest and of fire and of perils of all sorts, and so wished to go on board with him, and begged him to allow them to share the voyage with him. But as the companv was many times too great for the ship, spying a larger ship, — for there were many in the neighbourhood of the tomb of Ajax, — he said : " Let us go on board this, for it is a good thing to get home safely with as many as may be." He accordingly doubled the promontory of Troy, and then commanded the pilot 371 n B 2 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS -CAP. Toz^ Kv^epvi)T}]v /carao'^e'LV 6? ryp AloXecov, r/ avTLirepa^ Aea/3ov KelraL, TTyoo? M.^Ou/jiV(iv re [xaWov rerpafi/jbevov iroielaOai top opfiov. " ip- ravOa yap irov top HaXap.yBip cj)r)alv 6 'A^£XA,ei)9 KelcrOaL, ou koI a<ya\ixa avTOv elvcbu Tvrjy^valov , ev Trpea^vrepo), rj o)? IlaXa/XT^S?;?, tc3 eiSet. zeal dfia i^icov T?}? v€oo<;, " i7npL€\7]0(x)p.ev, elirev, " &> avhpe<; ' EXX?;^?, ayaOov (ivBpo<;, Bl op aoc^ia iraaa, fcal yap ap /cal tcjp ye A.')(aiO)P jBekTiov^ yepoip^eOa, Tt/xwz^re? ht apeTrjP, op i/ceLPOL Blkt} ovSe/jbca aTTeKT€iPav! ol p^ep By e^eirr^Bwp Try9 P€co(;, Be epeTV')(e tco Td(f)(p fcal to dyaXpa KaTopwpvypiepov Trpo^; avTM evpep. eTreyeypaiTTO Be rfj /3daeL rod dydXparof; @EII1I ITAxV- AMHAEI. /caOiBpvaa^ ovp avro, ct)9 Kayo) elBop, Kol lepop TTepl avrb fiaX6pepo<;, oaop ol rrjp ^JLpoBiap Ttp.(bpT€<;, eari yap co? Be/ca ^uyLtTrora? ep avTQ) evo}')(ei(j9ai, rocdpBe ev'xrjP rjv^aro' " Iia\d- pL7)Be^, e/cXdOov tt)? pirjPiBo<^, tjp ep T0t9 ' A^^aiol^; TTore ep.7JpL(Ta(;, /cal BlBov yiypeaOai 7roXXof9 re /cal ao(f)ov^ dpBpa^. pal UaXdp,7]Be<;, Bi op Xoyoc, 01 OP Movaat, ol op eyco. XIV CAP. TlapijXOe /cal 69 to tov Op<peco<; ciBurop irpoa- oppbtadpepo^s Ty AeajSw. <pacrl Be epravOd irore 372 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV to shape his course towards the country of the chap. Aeolians, which lies over against Lesbos^ and then to ^^^^ turn as close as he could to Methymna, and there to cast anchor. For there it was^ he said, that Achilles Finds and declared Palamedes lay, where also they would find stSu^of*^^ his image a cubit high, representing however a man Palamedes older than was ever Palamedes. And at the moment of disembarking from the ship, he said : " Let us show our respect, O ye Greeks, for so good a man to whom we owe all wisdom. For we shall anyhow prove ourselves better men than the Achaeans, if we pay tribute to the excellence of one whom they so unjustly slew." They accordingly leapt out of tlie ship, but he hit upon the tomb and found the statue buried beside it. And there were inscribed on the base of the statue the words : " To the divine Palamedes." He accordingly set it up again in its place, as I myself saw ; and he raised a shrine around it of the size which the worshippers of the goddess of the crossways, called Enodia, use ; for it was large enough for ten persons at once to sit and drink and keep good cheer in ; and having done so he offered up the following prayer : " O Palamedes, do thou forget the wrath, wherewith thou wast wroth against the Achaeans, and grant that men may multiply in numbers and wisdom. Yea, O Palamedes, author of all eloquence, author of the Muses, author of myself." XIV He also visited in passing the shrine of Orpheus chap. when he had put in at Lesbos. And they tell that ^^^ 373 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Tov 'Opcpea fiavriKfi ^(aipetv, eare rov 'AttoXX-o) iiTifxeiJbeXrjo-Oai avrov. iireLSr) yap fir^re e? Vpv- veiov i(f)OiTcov en virep '^(^prjafjLCJV dvOpcoTroi /jL7]T€ 69 KXdpov /jliJt evOa o rpiirovf; 6 'ATroWcoi^eto?, 'O/^^eu? Be e^pci fi6vo<^j dprc e/c ^paKrj^; r) K€(j)a\r) TjKovcra, i(j)LaTaTai ol ')(^p7]a/jb(pBovvTL 6 6eo<; Kai,
  • ' TTeTravaor €(f)7], " tmv e/jLcov, koI yap Brj /cat
aSovrd ae iKavo)^ rfveyKa^ CAP. XV XV YWeovrtDV he avTwv fierd ravra ro eir^ ^v/3oia<; iTe\a<yo<;, o fcal 'O/jurjpo) Sofcel tmv ')(a\e7rMV kuI hvajjberprjrwv elvai, r} fjbev OaXarra vTrrla Kal Trj<; oipa<^ KpeiTTcov ecpaivero, Xojoi re eyly vovro irepi re vrjawv, eTTeihr] TToWal<^ re Kal ovofjuaaral^; evervy^avov, irepi re vavTrjjylaf; Kal Kv/SepvyrLKij'; 7rp6cr(f>opoL TOL<; irXeovaiv, eirel Se o Adfit,<; tov<; fjLev Bie^aWe rcov Xoycov, tov<; Be vtt ere fiver o, tov<; Be ov ^vve^xjoopeL epcordv, ^vvrJKev 6 ^ KitoW(ovlo<;, oTi \6yov erepov aTrovBdaai ^ovKolto, Kal, ** ri iraOcovr €(j)r], *' o) Adfjic, Bia(77ra<; ra epcoroo/jLeva; ov yap vavTiwv ye, rj vtto tov ttXov TTOvripo)<; h')(o)v aTTOcTTpecpr) Tov<i X6yov<;, rj yap OdXarra, opas, &>? vTTorWeiKev eavrrjv rfj vrjl Kal TrefXTrei. n ovv Bvd'xepdivei^r ** ot^," et/)?/, ** Xoyov fieydXov ev 374 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV it was here that Orpheus once on a time loved to chap. prophesy^ before Apollo had turned his attention to ^ XIV him. For when the latter found that men no longer JhJSne o/ flocked to Gryneium for the sake of oracles nor to Orpheus iu Clarus nor (to Delphi) where is the tripod of Apollo, and that Orpheus was the only oracle, his head having lately come from Thrace, he presented himself before the giver of oracles and said : '• Cease to meddle with my affairs, for I have already put up long enough with your vaticinations." XV After this they continued their voyage along the chap. sea of Euboea, which Homer considered to be one of _^ Enters t)ii6 the most dangerous and difficult to traverse, sea of However the sea was smooth and was much better ^"^o'^a- than you expected in that season ; and their curious conversation turned upon the many and famous Ichiiies islands M'hich tliey were visiting, and upon ship- building and pilotage and other topics suitable to a voyage. But as Damis found fault with some of the things they said, and cut short many of their remarks, and would not allow some of their questions to be put, Apollonius realised that he was anxious to discuss some other topic and said : " What ails you, Damis, that you break in on the course of our questions in this way ? For I am sure that it is not because you are seasick or in any way inconvenienced by the voyage, that you object to our conversation ; for you see how smoothly our ship is wafted over lier bosom by the submissive sea. Why then are you so uneasy?" Because," replied the other, "when a 375 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. fjueaw oVto?, ov eiKo^; rjv ipcordv fidWov, r^fiel^ Be Tou? e(o\ov<; re fcal ap)(^aiov<; ipcoTOdfiev. " Kai t/?/' elirev, o X0709 ovto<; etrj av, Sl ov tov^ a\Xov<; 7)yf} irepcTTOv^; ; 'A^tWet, €(^'7, " f 1^7- <y€v6fxevo<^, oj ^ATroWoovLe, koI iroWa laco'^ oia- K7]Koo)<; fxr]iT(D 7]/jitv yiyvcoor/cofieva, ov Buei ravra, ovSe TO eI8o9 r)/uv rov 'A^^tWew? avarvirolf;, irepi- 7rX€t<; Se ra? vrjaov^ /cat vav7r7)yet<; rS Xoyo). " el fjLT) dXa^oveveadaL, ecprj, " B6^(o, Trcivra elpyj- XVI CAP. Aeouevcov Be koX tcov oXXmv tov Xoyov tovtov XVI /cal (f)tXrjK6(0(; eyovTitiV avTOV, " dW ov)(l ^oOpov, elirev, " '03f o-cre&x? opv^dfievo^, ovSe dpvwv aLfiaTi '>^v')(ay(Dyr)aa^, €9 hidXe^iv tov K^LWew<^ r)\6ov, dX>C ev^dfievo^, oiroaa toZ<^ Tjpcoaiv IvSol (paaiv eu')(e(TOai, " m 'A^^WgO," ecpyv, " TeOvdvai ere 01 TToXkol TMV dvOpcoTTcov (paaiv, €70) Se ov ^vy)(^copco TOO Xoyo), ovSe YivOayopa^ ao<^ia<; €/jiT]<; irpoyovo^;. el St) dXr]9evo/jiev, Sel^ov r)/j,Lv to aeavrov eiSo^;, /cal yap av ovaio dyav tmv ifiwv oipOaXfiMv, el fidpTvaiv avT0t<^ rov elvat ')(^p7]aaL0. eirl TovTOt<; aeta/jbo^ jxev irepl tov koX(ovov (3pa'X^v<^ cyeveTO, 7revTd7rr]')(^v<; Se veavia^ dveSodi] (^6TTa- 376 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV great topic suggests itself, which we surely ought chap. rather to be asking about, we are asking questions ^^ about these threadbare and antiquated subjects." "And what/' said Apollonius, "may be this topic which makes you regard all others as superfluous ? " " You have/' he answered, " had an interview with Achilles, O Apollonius, and probably you have heard him speak at length of many things so far unknown to ourselves ; and yet you tell us nothing about these, nor do you describe to us the figure of Achilles, but you fill your conversation Mith talk of the islands we are sailing round and of ship-building." " If you will not accuse me of bragging," said Apollonius, " you shall hear ever^i;hing." XVI The rest of the company also besought him to tell chap. them all about it, and as they were in a mood to ^^^ listen to him, he said : " Well, it was not by digging i^^ates^iff a ditch like Odysseus, nor by tempting souls with interview the blood of sheep, that I obtained a conversation Achilles with Achilles ; but I offered up the prayer which the Indians say they use in approaching their heroes. ' O Achilles,' I said, ' most of mankind declare that you are dead, but I cannot agree with them, nor can Pythagoras, my spiritual ancestor. If then we hold the truth, show to us your own form ; for you would profit not a little by showing yourself to my eyes, if you should be able to use them to attest your existence.' Thereupon a slight earthquake shook the neighbourhood of the barrow, and a youth issued forth five cubits high, wearing a cloak of 377 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. \l/co<; TTjv yXajjivha, to 8e elBo^; ovk aXa^djV ti<; 6(j>aiV€T0, ft)9 6VL0i<; 6 'Ax^XXeu? So/cet, BeLVo^ re opcofJbevo^ OVK i^rfSXarre rod (pai^Spov, to Be Ka\Xo<; ovTTO) fiOL So/cet iTratverov a^iov eireiXr)- (pdai, KaiTOi 'Ofiripov TToWa eV avro) elirovTO^, aXKa apprjTOV elvai koI KaTakveadai fxaXkov viro Tov vpbvovvTO^ Tj TrapaTrXrjalo)^ eavrS aheaOai. 6p(Ofievo(; Be, oiroaov elirov, p^eu^cov e^iyveTO fcal hiTrXdcTLO^ Kol virep tovto, BwheKdirr^xv^ lovv ecf)dvr) /jlol, ore Br) reXewTaro? eavrov eyevero, kuI TO KaWo^ del ^vveireBiBov tm pr]fcec. ttjv pev Br] Kopr^v ovBe KeipaaOai ttote eXeyev, dXXd davXov (pvXd^UL TM %'Trepx€L<p, TTOTapMV yap irpcoTcp ^irepx^t^ ;^|0rf(7acr^ai, tcl yeveia 5' uvtS irpcoTa^ irpoaetTToov Be pe, " dapAvai^r elirev, " ivTeTV- XV'<^^ ^o^> TraXat Be6pLevo<; dvBpo^; TOiovBe' ©er- TaXol yap Ta evayiap^aTa x^oi^oz^ r]B7) ttoXvv eKXeXoiiraai p.oi, Kal pr^vieLV p.ev ovttcd d^LM, pur^viaavTO^ yap diroXovvTat puaXXov rj oi evTavda TTOTe^'EXXyve^, ^vp^jSovXla Be eTneiKel XP^^H^^^ M vjSpi^eLV (J<^d<; k Ta v6p.ip.a, p,7]Be kukIov^ eXeyx^- aOai TOVTcdvl tmv Tpcocov, ot ToaovaBe dvBpa^ vn ep.ov d(j)aipeOevT€<^ Brjp^oaia re Ovovai p.oi. Kal wpaiO)V dirdpxovTat, Kal iKeTijplav TiOepevoi a-rrov- Bd^ ahovaLV, a? eyco ou Bcacra)- Ta yap iinopKTjOevTa 378 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV Thessalian fashion ; but in appearance he was by no chap. means the braggart figure which some imagine ^^^ Achilles to have been. Though he was stern to look upon, he never lost his bright look ; and it seems to me that his beauty has never received its meed of })raise, even though Homer dwelt at length upon it ; tor it was really beyond the power of words, and it is easier for the singer to ruin his fame in this respect than to praise him as he deserved. At first sight he was of the size which I have mentioned, but he grew bigger, till he was twice as large and even more than that ; at any rate he appeared to me to be twelve cubits high just at that moment when he reached his complete stature, and his beauty grew apace with his length. He told me then that he had never at any time shorn off his hair, but preserved it inviolate for the river Spercheus, for this was the first river he had consulted ; but on his cheeks you saw the first down. '• And he addressed me and said : ' I am pleased to have met you, since I have long wanted a man like yourself. For the Thessalians for a long Thessalian time past have failed to present their offerings at JJff}j^^^ my tomb, and I do not yet wish to show my wrath against them ; for if I did so, they would perish more thoroughly than ever the Hellenes did on this spot ; accordingly I resort to gentle advice, and would warn them not to violate ancient custom, nor to prove themselves worse men than the Trojans here, who though they were robbed of so many of their heroes by myself, yet sacrifice publicly to me, and also give me the tithes of their fruits in season, and olive branch in hand ask for a truce from my hostility. But this I will not grant, 379 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. TOVTOL^ iir e/xe ovk idaei to "\\l6v irore to dp^atov avoXajBelv el8o<;, ovBe TV^elv dfc/jLi]<;, oiroarj irepl TToWaf; TMV Ka6r)pr}/j£V(jov eyeveTO, dX?C olKyaovacv avTO peXTLOV^ ovoev rj ec %c7e9 rjXcoo-av. iv ovv fxrj Kol Ta SeTToXcov dTTocpaivco Ojioia, irpea^eve Trapd TO icoivov avTwv virep oiv eiirovr '* Trpea^eixro)" €(f)7)v, ** 6 yap vov<; rt}? TTpea/Sela^; rjv fir) dTroXeaOac avTOVfy. dW eyct) tl aov, A^iXXev, Seofiac.^^ " ^vviTj/jLt, ecpT], " 877X0? yap ei irepl rcov TpcotKcov epcoT7]acov' ipcoTa Se X6yov<^ irevTC, 01)9 auro? tg l3ov\€L Kal IS/Lolpai ^uy^copovaLv. i^pofiTjv ovv TrpcoTov, el kuto, tov tmv ttoltjtcov \6yov €TV)(e Tacpov. " Kel[iaL /jL6v, elirev, " o)? efMoiye tjSicftov Kal TlaTpoKkw iyeveTO, ^uve/Si^fjiev yap Stj Kofjuhfj vioi, ^vve')(eL he dpcpco ')(^pvaov<; dfi(pop€v<; Ketfjbevov^;, ft)9 eva. yVovaoiv 8e Oprjvob kol l^rjprjlBcov, 01)9 eV e/xot yeveaOai c^aai, yiovaai fiev ovh) dcpLKOVTo TTore evTavOa, ^rjprjiSe^; Be cti (poiToyai. fieTa TUVTa Be rjpofirjv, el r) YloXv^evTj iTriacpayeirj avTw, 6 Be d\r)Oe<; fiev ecjirj tovto elvai, a(f)ayf]vai Be avTTjV ov'^ VTTO TMV A.')(aL(x)v, dXX ifcovaav eirl TO at]/jLa iXOovaav fcal tov eavTr]<; re icdKeivov epcoTa /jueydXcov d^ixhaai it pocnreaovaav ^L(f)ec 6p0o). TpiTOv 7]po/ji7]v "// ^RXevT), o) A^iXXev, €9 Tpoiav -qXOev rj O/jbTjpw eBo^ev viroOeaOaL TavTaT 380 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV for the perjuries which they committed against me chap. will not suffer Ilium ever to resume its pristine ^^ ' beauty, nor to regain the pros})erity which yet has favoured many a city that was destroyed of old ; nay, if they rebuild it, things shall go as hard with them as if their city had been captured only yesterday. In order then to save me from bringing the Thessalian polity to the same condition, you must go as my envoy to their council in behalf of the object I have mentioned.' ' I will be your envoy,' I replied, ^ for the object of my embassy were to save them from ruin. But, O Achilles, I would ask something of you.' "^ I understand,' said he, '^ for it is plain you are going to ask about the Trojan war. So ask me five questions about whatever you like, and that the Fates approve of.' '^ I accordingly asked him firstly, if he had obtained burial in accordance with the story of the poets.' ' I lie here,' he answered, ' as was most delightful to myself and Patroclus ; for you know we met in mere youth, and a single golden jar holds the remains of both of us, as if we were one. But as for the dirges of the Muses and of the Xereids, which they say are sung over me, the Muses, I may tell you, never once came here at all, though the Nereids still resort to the spot.' Next I asked him, if Polyxena was really slaughtered over his tomb ; and he replied that this was true, but that she was slain not by the Achaeans, but that she came of her own free will to the sepulchre, and that so high was the value she set on her own passion for him and his for her, that she threw herself upon a drawn sword. The third question I asked was this: 'Did Helen, O Achilles, really come to Troy or was it Homer that was 381 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. " TToXvv, ' efftT], " ^povov i^tjiraroy/ieOa irpecrPevo- fievoi re irapa rov^ Tyocoav, fcal Trotov/ievoL ra? virep avTrj<^ jjid^a^f &)? iv tS> 'JA-Zw ovarj^i, rj S* AtyuTrrov T€ (hK€i Kol Tov YVpoiTew^i oIkov apTTaaOelaa viTo TOV Ila/otSo?. eVel he eTricrTevO/] tovto, virep avT7]<; 7% TpoLa<; Xolttov epuayopieda, fo)9 yJr) alay^p^^ aireXOoiixev.^^ rjyjrdfirjv Kal reTcipTrjf; ipcoTTJaea)^; /cal Oavfid^eiv €(f>T]i', el ToaovaSe ofjbov fcal roiovaSe dpBpa<; 7) 'EXXa? Tjve'yKev, oiroaov^; "O/jirjpo^ iirl rrjv Tpouav ^vvrdrret. 6 Se ^A')(iXkev<^, " ovSe 01 ^dp/Sapot,^^ ecpT], " TToXv tj/jLcov eXeiTTOVTO, ovTCO<i rj yrj irdaa dpeTTj^ 7]vOr)ae.^^ irefiiTTOv 3' r)po[xriv' rt TraOoov ' 0/jL7)po<; TOV UaXa/jLr)Sr)v ovk olhev, r) olhe fiev, e^aipel he tov irepl v/jLcov Xoyov; " el TlaXayLtT^^?;?," elirev, ** 69 Tpolav ovk rjXOev, ovSe Tpota iyeveTO' eirel Se dv7]p aocjxoTaTO^; Te /cal fia)(^L/jid)TaTO^ direOavev, &)? ^Ohvaael eSo^ev, ovk eadyeTai avTov 69 TCi TTOLTJ/XaTa ' OfJLTJpO^, ft)9 pir) TO, OVelSTJ TOV ^OSvacreco^; aSoi.^^ Kal iiroXocpvpdfxevo^; avTw 6 A^iX\€L/9 fo)9 p,eyiGT(p T€ Kal KaXXiaTW, vecoTdTw T€ Kal TToXep^iKcoTdTO), aaxppoavvr) t€ vTrep/SaXo/j^evo) TrdvTa<; Kal iroXXd ^vpL^aXofievo) Tal^ ^lovaaif;, " oKXd cru," '^^V' ** AiroXXcovce, cro(f)OC<; yap 7rpb<; ao<pov<; eiTLTrjheLa, tov Te Td<pov e7np,eX7]0r)Ti, Kal TO dyaXp^a tov UaXap,7]8ov<; dvdXa^e (pavXco'^ eppip^p^evov KeLTat, Be ev T-fj AloXlSt. KaTa ^lijOv- puvav T7]V ev Aecr^o)^^ raOra elircov Kal eirl irdcn 382 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV pleased to make up the story ? ' ' For a long chap. time/ he replied, ' we were deceived and tricked ^^^ into sending envoys to the Trojans and fighting- battles in her behalf, in the belief that she was in Ilium, whereas she really was living in Egypt and in the house of Proteus, whither she had been snatched away by Paris. But when we became convinced thereof, we continued to fight to win Troy itself, so as not to disgrace ourselves by retreat.' The fourth question which I ventured upon was this : ^ I wonder,' I said, ' whether Greece has ever produced at any one time so many and such distinguished heroes as Homer says were gathered against Troy.' But Achilles answered : ' Why even the barbarians did not fall far short of us, so abundantly then did excellence flourish all over the earth.' And my fifth question was this : ^ Why was it that Homer knew nothing about Palamedes, or if he knew him, then kept him out of your story ? ' ^ If Palamedes,' he answered, ' never came to Troy, then Troy never existed either. But since this wisest and most warlike hero fell in obedience to Odysseus' whim. Homer does not introduce him into his poems, lest he should have to record the shame of Odysseus in his song.' And withal Achilles raised a wail over him as over one who was the greatest and most beautiful of men, the youngest and also the most warlike, one who in sobriety surpassed all others, and had often fore- gathered with the Muses. ' But you,' he added, ' O Apollonius, since sages have a tender regard for one another, you must care for his tomb and restore the image of Palamedes that has been so contemptuously cast aside ; and it lies in Aeolis close to Methymna FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Ta TTepl Tov veaviav tov e/c Ilapov, airrjXOe ^vv aarpairfj /xerpta, koL 'yap Sr) /cal a\eKTpv6ve<; Tjdr) CoS?79 r^TTTOVTO.^ XVII ^^- ToLavra jjuev ra eirl t^9 vecof;, e? 3e rov Yletpaid icr7r\6vaa<; ire pi fjLV(TT7)picov copav, ore ^ A.Or)valoi TToXvavOpcoTTOTara KXXtJvcov irpaTTOvcnv, avrjei ^vvT€iva^ aTTo T% V€a)<; e? to aarv, TrpoLo^v he TToXXoi? TOdv (f>iXoao(f)OvvTO)v iveTv^yx^dve ^aXrjpdhe KaTiovaiv, Mv ol jjuev ^vp^voi iOepovTO, koI yap to peroTTcopov evrjXiov tol^; ^ KOrjvaioL^, ol he etc ^t^\io)v icTTrovha^ov, ol 8 airo cTTO/xaTO? r]afcovvTO, ol Se 7]pi^ov. irapyei Se OL'^el? avrov, dXXa refc- prjpdpevoL 7rdvTe<;, &)? eor) *A7toW(ovio<;, ^vvave- arpecjiovTo re /cal '^cnrd^ovro ')(aipovre<;, veavlaKOi he opiov Se/ca 7rey0iTi/%oz^T69 avT(p, " vt] ttjv ^AOrjvav e/ceiV7]v, e(f)aaav dvaT€ivavT€<; ra^; yelpaf^ e? TrjV aKpoTToXiv, " r)p€i<; ^apri e? Tleipaia e/SaSt^opev irXevcropevoi e? Yowiav irapa ae. o he direhi'^eTo avra)v /cal ^vy^aipeLv €(f)rj (pLXoao(f)Ou&LV. XVIII xvni "^Hv pev hrj ^ E^tt ihav picDV rjpepa, ra he 'Ett^- havpLa puera Trpopprjalv re /cal lepela hevpo pivelv 384 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV in Lesbos.' With these words and with the closing chap. remarks concerning the youth from Paros, Acliilles ^^^ vanished with a flash of summer lightnings for indeed the cocks were already beginning their chant." XVII So much for the conversation on board ; but chap. XVTI having sailed into the Piraeus at the season of the mysteries, when the Athenians keep the most welcome crowded of Hellenic festivals, he went post haste up "^ Athens from the ship into the city ; but as he went forward, he fell in with quite a number of students of philosophy on their way down to Phalerum. Some of them were stripped and underwent the heat, for in autumn the sun is hot upon the Athenians ; and others were studying books, and some were rehears- ing their speeches, and others were disputing. But no one passed him by, for they all guessed that it was Apollonius, and they turned and thronged around him and welcomed him warmly ; and ten youths in a body met him, and holding up their hands towards the Acropolis they cried : " By Athene yonder, we were on the point of going down to the Piraeus there to take ship to Ionia in order to visit you." And he welcomed them and said how much he congratulated them on their study of philosophy. XVIII It was then the day of the Epidaurian festival, chap. at which it is still customary for the Athenians to ^^m 385 VOL. I. C C FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. ^ A0i]vaiOL(; irdrpLov iirl Ovaia Sevrepa, tovtl Se ivofiLcrav ^Aa/cXrjTnov eve/ca, on hrj i/jLV')]aav avrov rjKOVTa ^EiTTLSavpoOev oyire /j.vcrTr}pia)v. afieXTjaavre^; Be ol TToWol Tov pLvelaOaL irepi tov AiroWoiVLOv el'X^ov, fcaX tovt iairovSa^ov fiaWov rj to direXOeiv TereKecrpLevoL, 6 he ^vveaeaOai p.ev avTOC^; avOt<; eXeyev, i/ceXevae Se tt/jo? toI<; lepoL<; t6t€ yiyvecrOat, Kol yap avTo<; pivelaOai. 6 he l€po<pdvT7]<^ ovk e^ovXero irape'x^ecv rd lepd, fir) yap dv irore iiv?](7at yor)Ta, p^TjSe T7]v RXevcrlva dvol^ai dvOpcoTTO) p^rj KaOapcp rd hatp^ovia. o he AttoXXoovw^ ovhev iiiro TOVTwv 7]TT(ov avTOv yevopLevo'^, " oinro)" e(f>r], " to pieyidTOV, mv eyd) eyKXrjOelrjv dv, eipr/Ka<;, otl irepl rr](; reXer^? irXeio) rj crv yiyvooaKwv, eyco he &>? Trapd (Tocpcorepov epiavTOv pivr](7op.evo<; rfKOovT eTraiveadvTcov he tmv Trapovrcov, co? eppcopiev(o<; Kal TTapairXrja io)<; avTw dTreKpivaTO, 6 puev iepo(j)dvTrj<i, eTrechr] e^eipywv avrov ov (fylXa toI<; 7roXXol<; iho/cei TTpdrretv, puere^aXe tov tovov /cat, *' pLvovT €^V> " <ro0o9 ydp Tt? TjKetv eotfca^;, 6 he ^ A7roXXcovLO<; pbvrjaopiai, ecprj, avuL<;, pivijaei be pie o ceiva, irpoyvooaei ')(^p(opL€vo<; e<; tov /xer e/celvov lepocpdvTtjv, 09 pL€Td TeTTUpa €Trj TOV UpOV TTpOVaTTj. 386 LIFE OF APOLLONJUS, BOOK IV celebrate the mysteiy at a second sacrifice after chap. both proclamation and victims have been offered; and ^^^^^ this custom was instituted in honour of Asclepiiis, jj^/^jj^^^qJ'j^j because they still initiated him when on one EpidaurLm occasion he arrived from Epidaurus too late for ^ ^^^ the mysteries. Now most people neglected the initiation and hung around Apollonius, and thought more of doing that than of being perfected in their religion before they went home ; but Apollonius said that he would join them later on^ and urged thein to attend at once to the rites of religion, for that he himself would be initiated. But the hierophant was not disposed to admit him to the rites, for he said that he would never initiate a wizard and charlatan, nor open the Eleusinian rite to a man who dabbled in impure rites. Thereupon Apollonius, fully equal to the occasion, said : " You have not yet mentioned the chief of my offence, which is that knowing, as I do, more about the initiatory rite than you do yourself, I have never- theless come for initiation to you, as if you were wiser than I am." The bystanders applauded these words, and deemed that he had answered with vigour and like himself; and thereupon the hierophant, since he saw that his exclusion of Apollonius was not by any means popular with the crowd, changed his tone and said : " Be thou initiated, for thou seemest to be some wise man that has come here." But Apollonius replied : " I will be initiated at another time, and it is so and so," mentioning a name, ^"^who will initiate me." Herein he showed his gift of prevision, for he glanced at the hierophant who succeeded the one he addressed, and presided over the temple four years later. 387 c c 2 XIX FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS XIX CAP. Ta? Be 'A67]vr](Tt 8i,arpt/3a^ irXeicTTa^ fxev 6 Aa- /At? 'yeveaSai (prjcrl tw avhpi, ypdyfraL 8e ov Tracra?, aWa TCLf; avayKaLa<; re /cal irepl fieydXcov airovSa- aOelaa^;. Tr)v piev St] 7rp(OTT]V hiaXe^LV, eVetSr) (j)L\oOvTa<; Tou? 'AOtivalov^ elSev, vrrep lepcov hieXe^aro, /cal m av rt^ e? to eKaaTcp rwv decov ol/cetov Kol TrrjvUa Be Trj<^ r)/jLepa<; re Kal vv/cro<=; r/ dvoL fj airevBoL rj €i;;)^otTO, /cal ^l^Xlm 'AttoWcovlov 7rpo(TTVx^^v eo-Ttv, iv o5 ravra rfj eavTOV cjywvfj eKBiBd(T/c€L. BtriXOe Be ravra ' AOr)VJ]ai irpoiTOV fiev vTTep ao(j)La<; avrov re KaKeivayv, elr eXeyx^^ TOP i€po(j)dvTrjv Bl a pXaa^r^pLW^ re /cal cifxa- Oax; eliT€' rt? yap hi wr)Or] ra Baifiovia p.rj fcaOapov elvai, top (piXoaocpovvTa, ottco? ol Oeoi OepairevTeoi ; XX CAP. AiaXeyopuevov Be avrov irepl tov airevBeLu, irap- ^^ k-Tvye pev tS Xoyo) p^eipaKiov rdv d^p(ov ovtco<^ daeXyk vop.L^6p.evov, 009 yeveaOai irore /cat dfia^MV aap^a, TrarpU Be avro^ Kep/cvpa r)v Kal e? 'AXklvovv dve(f)epe tov ^evov tov 'OBvaaem tov <^aia/cay /cal Biyeu fiev 6 'AiroXXcovio^; irepl tov 388 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV XIX Many were the discourses which according to chap. XI X Damis the sage delivered at Athens : though he did Lectures the not write down all of theni^ but only the more Athenians important ones in which he handled great subjects, ^n Rehgion He took then for the topic of his first discourse the matter of rites and ceremonies^ and this because he saw that the Athenians were much addicted to sacrifices ; and in it he explained how a religious man could best adapt his sacrifice^ his libation, or prayers to any particular divinity, and at what hours of day and night he ought to offer them. And it is possible to obtain a book of Apollonius, in which he gives instructions on these points in his own words. But at Athens he discussed these topics with a view to improving his own wisdom and that of others in the first place, and in the second of convicting the hierophant of blasphemy and ignorance in the remarks he had made ; for who could continue to regard as one impure in his religion a man who taught philosophically how the worship of the gods is to be conducted ? XX Now while he was discussing the question of chap. libations, there chanced to be present in his audience ^^ a young dandy who bore so evil a reputation for .^a^moniiic licentiousness, that his conduct had once been the youth who \ • . n . . TT-T- mocked at subject oi coarse street-corner songs. His home was hini Corcyra, and he traced his pedigree to Alcinous tlie Pliaeacian who entertained Odysseus. ApoUonius then 389 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. (TTrevBetv, eKeXeve Se fjbrj iriveiv tov iroTrjpiov TOVTOV, (pyXdrretv Be avro toc<^ 6€ol<^ d'^^pavrov re /cat dirorov. irrel he koI Mra eKekevae rcS L TTOTrjpUp TTOielaOai Koi airevSetv Kara to ov<;, d<p 01) /jLepov<; rjKLGTa TTivovaiv dvOpcoiroL, to fieipcLKLov KaTeaKeSaae tov Xojov irXaTvv re KaX daeXyi] yiXcoTU' 6 Be dvalBXey^a^; e? avTo, " ov avT €(j>r}, " TavTU vl3pi^ei<;, dXX^ 6 Bai/JLcov, 09 eXavvei ae ovk elBoTa." iXeXrjOec Be dpa Baifiovcov TO jJueLpcLKLOv ijeXa re yap ecj) ol^ ovBeX<; eTepo^ Kol [xeTe^aXXev e<; to fcXdetv aiTuav ovk e-)(ov, BieXeyeTo re 7rpo<; eavTov koI fjBe. koX ol jxev TToXXol TTjv veoTTfTa (TKLpTMGav wovTO eK<^epeiv avTo 69 TavTa, 6 8' vTreKpiveTO dpa tc3 BaljuovL Kal iBo/cet irapoivelv, a eTrapwvei t6t€, opMVTo^ re 69 avTo TOv ^AttoXXcovlov, BeBotfcoTcof; re fcal 6pyiX(o<; (f)(ovd<; t](f)iei, to ecBcoXov, oiroaai /caofievcov Te Kal aTpe^Xovfievcov elaiv, d^e^eaOai Te tov fiecpaKiov iofjivv Kal fJirjBevl dvOpwTrcov efiiTeaelaOaL. tov Be olov BeCTTTOTOV TT pO<^ dvBpdjToBoV TTOiKiXoV TTaVOVp- yov Te Kal dvatBe<; Kal tcl TotavTa ^vv opyy XeyovTO<;, Kal KeXevovTOs avTM ^vv TeKp,T]pLqy diraXXdTTeaOai, " tov Betva €(f>7), ** KaTafiaXco dvBpidvTar Bel^a^ Ttvd tmv irepl ttjv BaaiXeiov (TTodv, Trpo^ f) TavTa eirpdTTeTO' eVel Be dvBpia<^ vTreKivr)Or) irpcJTOV, eiTa eireae, tov jiev 0opv/3ov 390 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV was talking about libations, and was urging them not chap. to drink out of a particular cup, but to reserve it for ^^ the gods, without ever touching it or drinking out of it. But when he also urged them to have handles on the cup, and to pour the libation over the handle, because that is the part of the cup at which men are least likely to drink, the youth burst out into loud and coarse laughter, and quite drowned his voice. Then /Vpollonius looked up at him and sa4d : "^ It is not yourself that perpetrates this insult, but the demon, who drives you on without your knowing it." And in fact the }'outh was, without knowing it, possessed by a devil ; for he would laugh at things that no one else laughed at, and then he would fall to weeping for no reason at all, and he would talk and sing to himself. Now most people thought that it was the boisterous humour of youth which led him into such excesses ; but he was really the mouth- piece of a devil, though it only seemed a drunken frolic in which on that occasion he was indulging. Xow when Apollonius gazed on him, the ghost in him began to utter cries of fear and rage, such as one hears from people who are being branded or racked ; and the ghost swore that he would leave the young man alone and never take possession of any man again. But Apollonius addressed him with anger, as a master might a shifty, rascally, and shame- less slave and so on, and he ordered him to quit the young man and show by a visible sign that he had done so. " I will throw down yonder statue," said the devil, and pointed to one of the images which was in the king's })ortico, for there it was that the scene took place. But when the statue began by mo\ ing gently, ^ud then fell down, it would defy anyone to describe 391 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Tov iirl TOVT(p KOI 609 i/cpoTTjaav vTTo OavfjiaTo^;, tl av T£9 <ypd(f)ot; to 8e fieipaKLOv, oicnrep af^virviaav, Tov^ T€ 6(f)0a\pov(; erpiyp^e /cal tt^o? 70-9 av<ya<; TOV rfkiov elhev, alho) re iireaTrdaaTO iravTcov 69 avTo eaTpapL/jLevcov, do-eXye^; re ovfceTL icpaiveTO, ovBe ciTaKTOv ^Xeirov, dW eTravrfkOev €9 T^t* eavTOv (pvatv fjielov ovSev i) el (jiappaKOTroata €Ke')(^pi]T0, * p,6Ta^a\ov re tmv )/\aviSicov koI \r]hi(jov KOI TTj^ a\Xrj(; o-v/SdpiSo'^, 69 epcoTa rfkOev av')(p.ov /cat Tpi^covo<; /cal 69 to, tov AttoWcovlov TjOvj direhvaaTO. XXI CAP. 'ETTtTrXT^fai he XeyeTai irepl ALOvvatcov ^Adr)- vaioci, a TTOLeiTai crcpLaLV ev wpa tov dvOeaTifpioy- vo^' 6 pbev jdp pov(i)hia^ aKpoaaop^evov^; Koi peXoiToda'^ irapapdoewv re koI pvOpoiv, oiroaoL A:a)yLtft}Sta9 Te kol Tpaywhia^; elcrlv, eV to OeaTpov ^vp.(f)oiTdv (peTO, iirel Se ijfcovaev, otl avXov v7ro(Tr}p.rjvavTO<; \vyL(Tp>ov<i op-x^ovvTai, koL pueTa^v TrJ9 '0/)^ea)9 eTTOTToda^; Te /cal Oeo\oyLa<; tcl pbev ft)9 ^flpac, TCL 8e ft)9 ^vpLCpat, tcl Be 6)<; Bd/cxai^ TTpdTTOvacv, 69 eTTLTrXij^iv TOVTOV /caTeaTTj, /cal, " TravcracrOe, elirev, " e^op^ovpievoL tov<; SaXa- pbLViov^ /cal 7roXXoL'9 eTepov^ KeipLevov<; dyaOov'^ dvhpa^, el pbev yap Aa/cwvi/crj TavTa 6p^iicn<i, evye ol aTpaTicoTac, yvpuvd^eaOe yap TroXep^M Kal 392 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV the hubbub which arose thereat and the way they chap. clapped their hands with wonder. But the young ^^ man rubbed his eyes as if he had just woke upland he looked towards the rays of the sun^ and won the con- sideration of all who now had turned their attention to him ; for he no longer showed himself licentious^ nor did he stare madly about^ but he had returned to his own self, as thoroughly as if he had been treated with drugs ; and he gave up his dainty dress and summery garments and the rest of his sybaritic way of life, and he fell in love with the austerity of philosophers, and donned their cloak, and stripping off his old self modelled his life in future upon that of Apollonius. XXI And he is said to have rebuked the Athenians for chap. their conduct of the festival of Dionysus, which they ^^^ hold at the season of the month Anthesterion. For ^theilian when he saw them flocking to the theatre he levity at imagined that they were going to listen to solos and Dionysus com})ositions in the way of processional and rhythmic hymns, such as are sung in comedies and tragedies ; but when he heard them dancing lascivious jigs to the rondos of a flute, and in the midst of the solemn and sacred music of Orpheus striking attitudes as the Hours, dV as nymphs, or as bacchants, he set himself to rebuke their proceedings, and said : Stop dancing away the reputations of the victors of Salamis as well as of many other good men departed this life. For if indeed this were a Lacedaemonian form of dance, I would say, '^ Bravo, soldiers ; for you are training yourselves for war, ancl I will join in your dance ' ; JVO rc'-J-»o^ /-?/ FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. ^vvop'^'^aofiaL, el Be airakr] koI e? to 9rj\v cnrev- hovaa, Tt ^co irepl tmv rpoTraicov ; ou yap fcara yiijScov ravra rj YlepcTMV, KaO vjjlcov Se eariq^ei, t6)v avaOevTwv avra el XiiroKrOe. KpoKcorol Se v/jlIv /cal aXovpyta fcal KO/c/co/Sacfyia TOcavTT] iroOev ; ovSe yap at ^ A^^apvai ye ooBe eareWovro, ovSe 6 Ko\o)vo<; o)Be LTTTreve. /cal tl Xeyo) ravra ; yvvr) vavap')(o^ e/c Y^apia^ e(p vp.a<; errXevae jmera Piep^ov, fcal r}v avrfj yvvat/celov ovSev, aW dvBpo^; aroXr) koI orrXa, vfjiel^ Se afBporepoi rcov Hep^ov yvvaLKO)v ecf eavrov<; areXXea6e ol yepovre<; ol veoi ro e(^r)l3iK6v, ol irdXai pbev cofxvvaav e? AypavXov cpocrcovre^; virep tt}? TvarpiSo^; diroOa- velaOat Kal oirXa OrjaecrOat, vvv he tcrw? ofiovvrac vrrep ry)^; irarpiBo^; ^a/c^^evcreiv /cal Ovpaov Xr)y^ecr9aL, Kopvv fiev ovSep^lav (pepov, yvvatfco/jiip.(p 8e fjLop(f>ci)p.ari, Kara rov l^vptirihrjv, atV^/^w? hiaTTpeTTov. aKova) Be vfjid^; Kal dvep,ov<; yiyveaOai, Kal Xrjhia dvaaeleiv Xeyeade emiTXa /jberecopoy^i avra KoX7rovvre<;. ^eSet Be dXXd rovrov^ ye alBel- aOaiy f f yLt/Aa^oi;? ovra<; Kal 7rvevcravra<; virep v/jlcov fieya, fnjBe rov ^opeav KijBearijv ye ovra Kal irapd irdvra^i rov<; dve/jiov^ apaeva TToielaOai OrjXvv, ovBe yap rrj<i Q^peiOvia^ €pa(Trr]<^ av irore o Bopea<; eyevero, el KiiKeivriv op-^ovp.evrjv elBe.^^ 394 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV but as it is a soft dance and one of effeminate chap. tendency, what am I to say of your national ^^^ trophies? Not as monuments of shame to the Medians or Persians, but to your own shame they will have been raised, should you degenerate so much from those who set them up. And what do you mean by your saffron robes and your purple and scarlet raiment ? For surely the Acharnians never dressed themselves up in this way, nor ever the knights of Colonus rode in such a garb. And why do I say this ? A woman commanded a ship from Caria and sailed against you with Xerxes, and about her there was nothing womanly, but she wore the garb and armour of a man ; but you are softer than tlie women of Xerxes' day, and you are dressing yourselves up to your own despite, old and young and tender youth alike, you who of old flocked to the temple of Agraulus in order t(j swear to die in battle on behalf of the fatherland. And now it seems that the same people are ready to swear to become bacchants and don the thyrsus in behalf of their country ; and no one bears a helmet, but disguised as female harlequins, to use the phrase of Euripides, they shine in shame alone. Nay more, I Eurip. hear that you turn yourselves into winds, and wave .f^*^^^ your skirts, and pretend that you are ships bellying their sails aloft. But surely you might at least have some respect for the winds that were your allies and once blew mightily to protect you, instead of turning Boreas who was your patron, and who of all the winds is the most masculine, into a woman ; for Boreas would never have become the lover of Oreithya, if he had seen her executing, like you, a skirt dance." 395 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS XXII ^^1'^ ALcopOovTO Se K(iK€tvo W^Oi^vrjaLV ol WOyvatoi ^vvL0VTe<; eV Oearpov to vito rrj aKpoiroXei 'Trpo<jel')(^ov (Kpayal^; avOpcoircov, /cal iairovha^ero ravra eKel p,aWov rj ev HopivOo) vvv, y^p-qfjiaTwv T€ p^ydXcov icovTj/jievoL ijyovro fiot^ol Kal iropvoL /cal TOi')(^odpv)(OL Kal /SaXavTCOTo/jioi Kal avhpa- TToSicrral Kal ra roiavra eOvrj, ol 6* mttXi^ov auTou? Kal eKeXevov ^vfiiTiirTeiv. iXd/Sero 8e Kal TOVTCOV AtToXXcOVLO'^, Kal KaXo{jVT(jdV aVTOV €9 eKKXrjcFLav AOyvatcov ovk av ecf)r} irapeXOelv e? ')((opiov cLKcbOapTov Kal XvOpov fxearov. eXeye Be ravra iv eTnaroXy. Kal Oavfid^eiv eXeyev " ottco^ T) 6eo<; ov Kal rrjv CLKpoiroXiv r^hrj eKXeiTrec roiovrov alpxi vp^MV eK'^eovrwv avrfj. BoKelre yap p.oi rrpo- iovre^;, eTTeihav ra UavaOijvaia Tre/jLinjre, p.7]8e ySoO? ere, aXX* eKar6p.fia<; civOpcoTTcov KaraOvaetv rfi 06(0. av Se, Aiovvae, p^era roiovrov alp^a e? ro Oearpov (pocra^; ; KaKel ctol airevSovacv ol ao(f)ol ^AOrjvaloi ; p^erdarrjOi Kal av, Acovvae' J^tOaLpoov KaOapcorepo^;.^^ rotdBe evpov rd airovhaiorara r(t)v (pi,Xoao(j)r]Oevra)v ^AOijvrjaLv avro) rore. XXIII CAP. ^EtTTpea/Sevae 8e Kal irapd rov<=; i^)erraXov<^ vTrep rov 'A^iA,Xea)9 Kara rov<; iv TLvXaia ^vXXoyov^, 396 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV XXII He also corrected the tbllowino^ abuse at Athens, chap. The Athenians ran in crowds to the theatre beneath the Acropolis to witness human slaughter^ and the criticism of passion for such sports was stronger there than it is gladiatorial . ^ . 1 1 ft 111 r I shows in in Connth to-day ; tor they would buy tor large sums Athens adulterers and fornicators and burglars and cut- purses and kidnappers and such-like rabble, and then they took them and armed them and set them to fight with one another. Apollonius then attacked these practices, and when the Athenians invited him to attend their assembly, he refused to enter a place so impure and reeking with gore. And this he said in an epistle to them ; he said that he was surprised " that the goddess had not already quitted the Acropolis, when 30U shed such blood under her eyes. For I suspect that presently, when you are conducting the pan-Athenaic procession, you will no longer be content with bulls, but will be sacrificing hecatombs of men to the goddess. And thou, O Dionysus, dost thou after such bloodshed frequent their theatre ? And do the wise among the Athenians pour libations to thee there ? Nay do thou depart, O Dionysus. Holier and purer is thy Cithaeron." Such were the more serious of the subjects which I have found he treated of at that time in Athens in his philosophic discourses. XXIII » And he also went as envoy to the Thessalians in chap. behalf of Achilles at the time of the conferences ^^'^^ 397 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. iv ol<; ol %eTTaXo\ ra ^Afiipi/CTVOVLfca Trpdrrovcrtv, ol Se h€i(TavT6<^ iyjr7](j)iaavro avaXa^elv ra irpoai]- Kovra Tco Ta<^6). koI to AecjviSov arj/jia rod ^irapTtdrov /jlovovov irepie^aXev dyaaOel^ tov avopa. eiTL be tov koKoovov paoiL,wv, e(p ov XeyovTUL AaKeBaLfiovtOL Trepi^coaOrjvaL rot? To^ev- jiacFiv, i']Kov(J€ TO)v o/jLiXtjtmv hia^epopievoDV dWrfKoi^;, 6 tl €L7] to vyjrrfKoTaTOV ttj^ 'EXXaSo?, 7Tapel')(€ he apa tov \6<yov rj OItt] to 6po<; iv oc^OaXpLol'^ ovaa, Koi dveXOoov eirl tov X6(f)ov, ey(v" e(f)7j, " to vyjrrjXoTaTOV tovto rjyovfiaL, ol yap evTavOa virep eXevOepia^ drroOavovTe^; dvTavr)- yayov avTo tj} Olttj /cal virep iroXXovf; ^OXv/jlttov^ rjpav. iyco 8e dyafxai puev koi TovaSe tou? dvSpa<;, TOV Se ^Afcapvdva M.eyiaTLav fcal irpo tovtcov, d yap Tretcro/jLevov^ eyiyvcoafce, tovtcov eireOvp^rjae KOLVcovTjaai toI<; dvSpdacv, ov to diroOavelv Belaa*;, dXXa TO fieTa TOLMvhe /jut) Tedvdvat,^ CAP. XXIV XXIV ^EjTTe^oLTTjae Se kgX T0Z9 ^XXr]VLKOL<; lepol^; Trdai Tc5 T€ AcoScovaiO) Kal tc3 IlvOtfcco Kai tm iv I i I i I W^aL<;, 69 ^A/jLcpidped) t6 Kal TpocfxDViov e^dStae Kal 69 TO Movaetov to iv KXikcovc dve^r). cf)OLTCovTi Be 69 Ta lepd Kal Siopdovfievo) avTa ^vve(f)OLTO)V jxev ol Cep6i<;, rjKoXovOovv he ol yvcopi- 398 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV held in Pylaea^ at which the TliessaUans transact the chai'. Ampliictyonic business. And tliey were so frightened ' that they passed a resohition for the resumption of xhessaiy. the ceremonies at the tomb. As for the monument Eulogy of of Leonidas the Spartan^ he ahnost surrounded it with a shrine, out of admiration for the hero ; and as he was coming to the mound where the Lacedae- monians are said to have been overwhehned by the bolts which the enemy rained upon them, he heard his companions discussing with one another which was the loftiest hill in Hellas, this topic being suggested it seems by the sight of the mountain of Oeta whicli rose before their eyes ; so ascending the mound, he said : " I consider this the loftiest spot of all, for those who fell here in defence of freedom raised it to a level with Oebi and carried it to a height surpassing many mountains like Olympus. It is these men that I admire, and beyond any of them Megistias the Acarnanian ; for he knew the death that they were about to die, and deliberately made up his mind to share in it with these heroes, fearing not so much death, as the j^rospect that he should miss death in such com})any." XXIV And he also visited all the Greek shrines, namely chap. that of Dodona, and the Pythian temple, and the ^xiv one at Abac, and he betook himself to those of V^^*^^ Greek ^ shrines Amphiareus and of Trophonius, and he went up to the shrine of the Muses on Mount Helicon. And when he visited these temples and corrected the rites, the priests went in his company, and the 399 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. jjioi, Xoycov T€ KpaTrip€(; 'to-ravTO koI r/pvovro avTOiv ol Bi-\lr(ovr€<;. ovroov he koI ^OXvjj/irioiv koI KokovvTcov avTov ^HXeucop iirl KOivwviav rov ayoi)- j^09, *' SoKelre /mot" ecfirj, " Bta^aXketv rrjv rcov ^OXv/uLTTioyv ho^av TTpea/SeoMV heofxevoL irpo<; tov<; avToOev Tj^ovra^.'^ yevofxeixo'^ he Kara rov 'liaOfiov /jLVKr](Tafiepr)<; r/}? Trepl to Kexaiov Oa\dm]'i,
  • ' ovTO<;,^^ eiTrev, "o av^V^ 'rO?7^'> rer/jiija-eTai, fiaX-
\ov Be ov^ el^e Se avrco kol tovto Trpopprjo-tv rrj^i fic/cpov varepov irepl rov 'laO/aop rofMrjf;, rjv fiera err) eiTTa ^epcov BcevoTjOr)' tcl yap /SaaiXeLa SkXc- TTCOV 69 Ti]V ^^WciSa acfiLKeTO Kr)pvy^aaiv VTroOrj- aoDV eavTov ^OXvfjuTnicol^^ re kol TlvdiKol'i, eviKa 3e KoX 'lad/jLol' at he vifcat rjorav Kt.Oapcphiat koX KrjpVKe<^, evLKa he koL rpayo)hov<; ev 'OXvixirla. Tore Xeyerai kol tj}? Trepl rov ^laOfiov KaLvoroiJbLas ayfraaOat, irepi'TrXovv avrov epya^o/xevof; koI rov Klyalov TcS ^Ahpla ^ufi/BdWcov, ax? fjurj Trdaa vav<; virep Is/iaXeav irXeoL, fcofxi^ocvro re al iroXXal hta rod pr)yiJbaro<i ^vvre/jLvovaai ra? irepi^oXa<^ rov irXov. irrj he aTre^r] ro rov ^AttoXXcovlov Xoytov; T) opvxv "^V^ ^PX^^ ^'^^ Ke'X^ciiov Xa/3ovaa crrdhca irpov^rj L(ru><; rerrapa ^vve'^co^; opvrrovrcov, cr')(eiv he Xeyerai ^epcov rr)v ro/iir]v ol ixev AlyvTrrlcov 400 I i I lifp: of apollonil s. book iv votaries followed in his steps, and goblets were set chap. up flowing with rational discourse and the thirsty ^^^^ quaffed their wine. And as the Olympic Games is invited to were coming on, and the people of Elis invited him ^^^^^ '^"^^^'^ to take part in the contest, he answered : " You seem to me to tarnish the glory of the Olympic Games, if you need to send special invitations to those who intend to visit you from this very land." And he was at the Isthmus, when the sea Predicts was roaring around Lechaeum, and hearing it he isthraian said: "This neck of land shall be cut through, or canal rather it shall not be cut." And herein he uttered a prediction of the cutting of the Isthmus which was attempted soon afterwards, when Nero in the seventh year of his reign projected it. For the latter left his imperial palace and came to Hellas, with the intention of submitting himself to the heralds' commands, in the 01}Tiipic and Pythian festivals ; and he also won the prize at the Isthmus, . his victories being won in the contest of singing to the harp and in that of the heralds. And he also won the })rize for tragedians at Olympia. It is said that he then formed the novel project of cutting through the Isthmus, in order to make it possible for ships to sail right round and by it, and to unite the Aegean with the Adriatic Sea. So instead of every ship having to round Cape Malea, most by passing through the canal so cut could abridge an otherwise circuitous vovao;e. But mark the upshot of the oracle delivered by Apollonius. They began to dig the canal at Lechaeum, but they had not advanced more than about four stadia of continuous excavation, when Nero stopped the work of cutting it, some say because Egyptian men of science 401 VOL. I. D D FLA VI us PHILOSTRATLS CAP. (f)L\o(rocf)i]advT(ot^ avrS ra? OaKaTTa^i koI to virep Ae^alov 7reXayo<i V7rep')(y6ev acjyavielv elTropjcov Tr]v KX^yLvav, ol he vecorepa irepl rrj ap')(r) heicravra. TOIOVTOV IJL6V Bf) TOV ^ AlToWciivioV TO TOV ^loOfXOV TerfjLrjo-eaOai kol ov T6Tfiyjaea6ai. XXV ^^' ^Ev JLopivOci) Se ^i\o(TO(j>(x)v eTvyx^ave rore Ai]fjLi]- Tpto<i, avrjp ^vi'etX7](j>a)<; awav to iv KvviKy Kpdro^, ov ^ajBoiplvo^ varepov iv 7roWol<; rSyv eavrov Xo- lycov ovK dy€PVCO<; inreiivrjcrOT], iraOcov Be 7r/309 toz^ ^AttoWcoviov, oirep (j>aa\ rov 'Avrtadevrjv tt^oo? ttjv TOV XcoKpuTOV^; ao(f>tav iraOelv, eiireTO avTw jxaOrj- TLoiyv Kol Trpoafcetfjievof; tol<; X6yoL<;, koI tcov avT^ yvoypu/jicovTov^ €vBoKLfi(OTepov<; eirl tov AttoWcovlov eTpeirev, mv koI Mei^tTTTTO? rjv o Avklo<;, €Tr) fiep ye- yovoy^i rrevTe /cat ecKoarc, yvayfirjf; Be iKavcof; e)(^cov koX TO acdpia ev KaTeaKevaapievo^y ecpKei yovv ddXrjTfj KoXo) fcal iXevOeplw to elSo?. epaaOai Be tov Me- VLTTTTOV OL TToWol COOVTO VTTO yVVaUOV ^eVOV, TO Be yvvatov Kokrj Te e^aiveTO fcal iKavcof; dfipd, kol I TrXovTelv ecpaa/cev, ovBev Be tovtcov dpa aTep^i^w? ^v, dWd eBoKet irdvTa. KaTa yap ttjv oBov tyjv iirl K.€yxo€a<; fiaBl^ovTt avTco p.6v(p, (fydafia ivTVXov yvvrj Te iyeveTo, Koi X^^P^ ^vvrjyfrev epdv avTov irdXai ^dcTKovaa, ^oivcaaa Be elvat kol oiKelv iv 402 i IJFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV explained to him the nature of the seas^ and declared chap. that the sea above LecTiaeum would flood and ^^^^ obliterate the island of Aegina, and others because he apprehended a revolution in the empire. Such then was the meaning of Apollonius' j)rediction that the Isthmus would be cut through and would not be cut through. XXV Now there was in Corinth at that time a man chap. named Demetrius, who studied philosophy and had -^^^ embraced in his system all the masculine vigour of the of^M^n^pus Cynics. Of him Favorinus in several of his own works !*»(i t^ie subsequently made the most generous mention, and his attitude towards Apollonius was exactly that which they say Antisthenes took up towards the system of Socrates ; for he followed him and was anxious to be his disciple, and was devoted to his doctrines, and converted to the side of Apollonius the more esteemed of his own pupils. Among the latter was Menippus a Lycian of twenty-five years of age, well endowed with good judgment, and of a physique so beautifully proportioned that in mien he resembled a fine and gentlemanly athlete. Now this Menippus was supposed by most people to be loved by a foreign woman, who was good-looking and extremely dainty, and said that she was rich ; although she was really, as it turned out, none of these things, but was only so in semblance. For as he was walking all alone along the road towards Cenchreae, he met with an apparition, and it was a woman who clasped his hand and declared that she had been long in love with him, and that she was a 403 D D 2 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS t:;AP. TTpoaarelo) t^9 "KopovOov, to Secva elirovaa A. A V Trpodareiov, " i^ b eairepa^,^^ ecf)!], " dcjiiKOfievo) (Toc wSr) T6 vTrdp^et efxov aSovar](; koI olvo^, olov oviroi eVie?, koL ovhe avrepaarrji; ivo^Xijaei ae, ^Loocro/jLaL Be koKt) ^vv koXm. tovtoc<; V7ra')(6e\^ 6 veavla^i, rrjv fjuev yap dW7]v ^i\oao(^iav eppcoro, T(ji)v Ze ipcDTLKMV 7]TTr)T0, i(f>OLT-qa€ TTspl kairepav avTTJ Kol Tov \oL7rov '^povov iddfjic^ev, wairep TTaiStKol^;, ovTTco ^f j^el? tov (f)d(T/jLaTO<;. 'O Be ^AttoWcovio^; avSpcavroTroiov Bi/crjv e<; tov ^lepiTTTTov ^XeiTCDv e^wypdcj^ec tov veaviav koL \ iOewpei, KaTajvov<; BeavTov, " crv fjuevToi,^^ elirev, " o KaXo'^ re Kal vtto tmv fcdXcov yvvat/cMV 6r]pev6/jievo<; 6(j)iv Od\7ret<; Kal ae 00^?." Oav/iidaavTO<i Be tgv ^levLTTTTov, "oTL yvvrj aoi,^^ €(j)rj, eaTlv ov yafieTi]. TL ce ; 7]yr) vir avT7)<^ epaauac: vrj /\i , enrev,
    • eireiBr) BidKetTai 7rp6<; fie w? epoiaa^ " Kal
yrjfjLaci o av avTrjv; e(prj. '^aptev yap av etrj TO dyairthaav yrjp,aiy ijpeTO ovv, " jn-jViKa ol yapiOL; uep/moi, e<pr), Kac i(to)<; avpcov. eiri- (f)v\d^a(; OVV tov tov crv/jLTrocnov Katpov o 'AttoX- Xcovco'; Kal iincrTd^ tol<; BaiTvpLoaiv dpTL r^Kovai, TTov, ecpT], 7) appa, oi 7)v rjKeTe; evTavua, elirev 6 Meyt7r7ro9 Kal dfxa viraviaTaTO ipvOpLwv. 464 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV Phoenician woman and lived in a suburb of Corinth^ chap. and she mentioned the name of the particular ^^^ suburb, and said : " When you reach the place this evening, you will hear my voice as I sing to you, and you shall have wine such as you never before drank, and there will be no rival to disturb you ; and we two beautiful beings will live together." The youth consented to this, for although he was in general a strenuous philosopher, he was nevertheless sus- ceptible to the tender passion ; and he visited her in the evening, and for the future constantly sought her company by way of relaxation, for he did not yet realise that she was a mere apparition. Then Apollonius looked over Menippus as a sculptor might do, and he sketched an outline of the youth and examined iiim, and having observed his foibles, he said : "^ You are a fine youth and are hunted by fine women, but in this case you are cherishing a serpent, and a serpent cherishes you." And when Menippus expressed his surprise, he added : " For this lady is of a kind you cannot marry. Why should you ? Do you think that she loves you ? " " Indeed I do," said the youth, " since she behaves to me as if she loves me." "And would you then marry her?" said Apollonius. "Why, yes, for it would be delightful to marry a woman who loves you." Thereupon Apollonius asked when the wedding was to be. " Perhaps to-morrow," said the other, "for it brooks no delay." Apollonius there- fore waited for the occasion of the wedding breakfast, and then, presenting himself before the guests who had just arrived, he said : " Where is the dainty lady at whose instance ye are come ? " " Here she is," replied Menippus, and at the same moment he 405 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. ** o Se apyvpo<; koI 6 ')(^pvao<; koX tcl Xotird, ol<; 6 Jv A. V avhpwv KeKO(Tjxi']Taiy iroTepov v/jlcov;^^ " T779 'yvvai- fco<;,^^ ecfyt], " Tafxa "yap TOcraOra," hei^a^ rov eavTOv Tpiffayva. O Be *A7roXXct)z^t09, " tov<; TavrdXov /c^ttov^,'^ e<pr}, 6Ld6T€, ft)9 01^76? ovfc eiai; Trap U/xr/po) 76," 6<j)aaav, " ov yap e? AIlSov ye KaTaj3dvTe<^y
    • tout'," €0^, ** /i:al TOVTOvl rbv Koapiov rjyecaOe,
OV yap vKr} eariv, aWa vXr]<; oo^a. &>? oe yt,- yvoiCTKOiTe, o \eyco, rj XPV^'^V vv/jLcpr) fjiia tmv i/jLTrovacov earcv, a? XayLtta? re Kal fiopfJLoXvKia^ J ol TToWol r/yovvrat, epcocri 8' avrai, Kal d(f)poSc- aicov fjiev, crapKcov Se fxdXiara dvOpcoTretcov ipMcrc Kal TraXevovcrL T0t9 d(f)po8t(TiOL(;, 0^9 av e6e\co(TL oaiaaauai. 7] oe, evcprj/juei, eXeye, Kai arrraye, Kal /jLvaaTTeo-Oac iSoKec, a rjKove, Kal ttov Kal direaKCdTTTe tol'9 (f)iKoa6(f)OV<^, o)^ del Xrjpovvra^. eirel fievTOi rd iKTrcofiara rd ')(pvad Kal 6 Bokmv dp- yvpo<; dvepbiala '^Xey')(dri, Kal BceiTTr) rwv 6(f>0aXfM(t)v diravra, olvo')(^ooi re Kal oyjroTroLol Kal r) roiavrr] depaireia irdaa 7](^avia6r)aav eXey^S/jLevot vtto Tov ^ATToXXoyvLov, SaKpvovTC eoiKet to (f)d(T/xa, Kal iBeiTO p>r) ^aaavL^eiv avro, fiTjSe dvayKu^eiv opoXo- yelv, 6 Tt etrj, eTrcKecpiepov Be Kal /xr) dvievTO<^ e/jiirovad Te elvac e^rj Kal inalveiv rjBoval^; tov 406 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV rose slightly from his seat^ blushing. " And to chap. which of you belongi the silver and gold and all the ^^^ rest of the decorations of the banqueting hall ? " " To the lady/' replied the youth^ for this is all I have of my own," pointing to the philosopher's cloak which he wore. And Apollonius said : " Have you heard of the gardens of Tantalus, how they exist and yet do not exist? " " Yes/' they answered, '^'^ in the poems of Homer, for we certainly never went down to Hades." ^'^As such," replied Apollonius, "you must regard this world of ours, for it is not reality but the semblance of reality. And that you may realise the truth of what I say, this fine bride is one of the vampires, that is to say of those beings whom the many regard as lamias and hobgoblins. These beings fall in love, and they are devoted to the delights of Aphrodite, but especiall}^ to the flesh of human beings, and they decoy with sucli delights those whom they mean to devour in their feasts." And the ladv said : " Cease vour ill-omened talk and begone"; and she pretended to be disgusted at what she heard, and in fact she was inclined to rail at philosophers and say that they always talked nonsense. When, however, the goblets of gold and the show of silver were proved as light as air and all fluttered away out of their sight, while the wine- bearers and the cooks and all the retinue of servants vanished before the rebukes of Apollonius, the phantom pretended to weep, and prayed him not to torture her nor to compel her to confess what she really was. But Apollonius insisted and would not let her off, and then she admitted that she was a vampire, and was fattening up Menippus with 407 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS •CAP. M.€VL7r7rov e? ^paxrcv rov o-co/jbaro^;, ra yap KaXa Tcov acdpcLTCdv KOI vea atTetaOai ivo/jn^ev, iireiSr) aKpaL<pve<; avTol^ to al/jua. tovtov tov \6yov jvcopi- /xcorarov roiv ^AttoWmvlov Tvy')(^dvovTa ef dvayKrj(; i/ji7]/cvva, ycyvcocTKOvai, fiev yap 7r\eiov<; avrov, lire fcaO^ ^EjWdSa pearjv 7rpa)(6evTa, ^vW-q^Srjv Se avTov irapet\r^(^ao-iv, otl eXoi irore iv J^oplvOo) \d/jLiav, o TC jubevTOL Trpdrrovaav Ka\ on virep yievLTTTTOv, ovTTCo ycyvcoaKOvaLV, dWa Ad/jit8i re Kol eK TCOV iiceivov Xoycov i/juol 6Lp7]Tac, XXVI CAP. cpr \ V"D' c> //] v» "XT' XXVI lore /cat, iTpo<; Daaaov oi,rjve')(U'r) tov 6K Tr]<; Ko- pivOov, iraTpaXoia^ yap ovto<^ Kal iSoKec Kal eire- TTiCFTevTO, ao(f)iav Se eavTOv KaTeyjrevBeTO Kal '^a\ivo^ ovK yjv €7rl ttj y\(jCiTTr). \otSopovp.€vov Se avTov eVecr^ez^ o ^ KiroWayvio^^ , ol<; t€ iireaTecXev ol<; T€ Bc€\e^6r] KaT avTOV. irdv yap, oirep 0)9 €9 TraTpaXouav eXeyev, dXrjOe<; iSoKec, p^rj yap dv ttotc TOCovSe dvBpa 69 XocBopiav i/cweaelv, p^rjB^ av elrrelv to p^rj 6v. XXVII CAP. Tct Be ev ^OXvp^jrla tov dvSpo^; TOiavTa' dviovTi ^^^^^ rro ^AttoWmvlm i<; ^OXvp^iriav iveTV')(^ov AaKcSacp^o- 408 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV pleasures before devouring his body^, for it was her chap, habit to feed upon young and beautiful bodies, "^^^ because their blood is pure and strong. I have related at length, because it was necessary to do so, this the best-known story of Apollonius ; for many people are aware of it and know that the incident occurred in the centre of Hellas ; but they have only heard in a general and vague manner that he once caught and overcame a lamia in Corinth, but they have never learned what slit was about, nor that he did it to save Menippus, but I owe my own account to Damis and to the work which he wrote. XXVI It was at this time also that he had a difference chap. with Bassus of Corinth ; for the latter was regarded ^^^^ as a parricide and believed to be such. But he ^Jth^the^^^ feigned a wisdom of his own, and no bridle could parricide be set u})on liis tongue. However, Apollonius put a stop to his reviling himself, both by the letters which he sent him, and the harangues which he delivered against him. For everything which he said about his being a parricide was held to be true ; for it was felt that such a man would never have condescended to mere personal abuse, nor to have said what was not true. XXVII The career of our sage in Olympia was as follows : chap. when Apollonius was on his way up to Olympia, ^^"^^^ 409 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. vicov TTpeo-pei^ virep ^vvovaia^, AaKCOvcKov Be ovhev irepi avTOV<; ecpaivero, aW apporepov avrcov efy^ov Koi crvfidpcBo<; fiearol rjaav. IScov Se dvBpa<; Xetof 9 ra a/ce\r], XtTrapoix; Ta<; /co/jLa<; koI /jirjSe yeveiOi<^ '^p(0/uL€VOV<i, dWa fcal rrjv iaOrjra fiaXuKoix;, Totavra Trpo? tov<; e(^6pov^ iireo-reiXev, 009 eKeivov^ KTjpvyfxa iroirjaaaOaL hrjfjboaia, rrjv re irLrrav tmv ^a\av6iO)v e^aipovvra^, koi Td<^ 7rapaTL\Tpia<^ e^e\avvovTa<;, 69 to ap^alov re Ka6 Laraiievov^ iravra, oOev TraXaiarpaL re. dvij^rjaav koi cnrovhai, Kol ra (pcXiTta iiravrjXOe, koi iyevero rj AaKeSac- fioov eavjfi o/noia. fiaOcbv Se avTov<; rd olkol StopOov/jbivov;, €7r€/J,yjr€v eincrToXrjv dir 'OXi//>fc7r/a9 ^pa-^VTepav rrj^ AaKa)i/iKrj(; aKvrdXrjf;. ecrn he ijSe' " AttoXXcovco^; i<p6pot<; ')(aipeiv. AvSpcov fjuev TO jJLT] dpuaprdveiv, yevvaicov 8e to /cat dfjuapTdvovTa^; alcrOeadai. XXVIII CAP. ^IBoDv Be €9 TO 6^09 TO €V 'OXvaTTua, " 'valpe'^ XXVIII r- t A. r elirev, " djaOe Zev, orv yap ovtco tl dyaOo<;, 0)9 f^al aavTOV KOLVwvrjaaL T0t9 dv6pco7roi-<;. e^r^yrjaaTO 410 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV some envoys of the Lacedaemonians met him and chap. asked him to visit their city ; there seemed^ how- ,1 r*cj_ij_ii X" Rebukes the ever, to be no appearance or l^parta about them, tor laxityof the they conducted themselves in a very effeminate i^partaus manner and reeked of luxury. And seeing them to have smooth legs, and sleek hair, and that they did not even wear beards, nay were even dressed in soft raiment, he sent such a letter to the Ephors that the latter issued a public proclamation and for- bade the use of pitch plasters in the baths,^ and drove out of the city the women who professed to rejuvenate dandies,- and they restored the ancient regime in every respect. The consequence was that the wrestling grounds were filled once more with the youth, and the jousts and the common meals were restored, and Lacedaemon became once more like herself. And when he learned that they had set their house in order, he sent them an epistle from Olympia, briefer than any cipher despatch of ancient Sparta ; and it ran as follows : — " Apollonius to the Ephors sends salutation. " It is the duty of men not to fall into sin, but of noble men, to recognise that they are doing so." XXVIII And looking at the statue set up at Olympia, chap. he said : " Hail, O thou good Zeus, for thou art so V good that thou dost impart thine own nature unto the statue '^ mankind." "f^^i^" ^ Adhesive plasters were used to remove superfluous hair from the body, - Literally " hair-pluckers." 411 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Be fcal rov yaXKovv ^llXcova /cal tov Xoyov rod XXVIII ^ irepl avTov a')(riiJbaTO<^. 6 yap M.i\(ov iardvac fiev inl Bua/cov So/cel ro) iroSe dfM(j)(o av/jil3€0r]Kco<;, poav be ^vveyeL rj) apiarepciy t) oe^ia be, opuoi t>;s" %6i/309 i/CeiV7]<^ 01 hcLKTvXoL KOI oloV Bl€LpOVT€(;. ol fjuev Srj fcar ^OXvpuriav re /caVAp/caStav \6yot tov aOXrjrrjv laropovaL toutov drpeTTTOV yeveaOai fcal fjbT] eKJBt^acrOrjvai irore tov ')(^ci)pov, iv o5 eo-Ttj, SrjXovaOai 8e to p^ev airpl^ tmv SafCTvXcov iv ttj ^vvo')(fi Trjf; p6a<;, to 8e pbrjK av a')(^La9r}vai ttot aiT aX\r)X(i)v avTOv^, el tl<; 7rpb<; eva avTcov apLLWwTO, TO) Ta9 hia^vaf; iv 6p6oc<; TOt<; Ba/cTv\ot<; €v ^vv7]pp.6a0at, ttjv Tuivlav Be, rjv dvaSecTat, a(o(j)po(Tiiv7]<; rjyovVTai, ^vp^^oXov. 6 Se AttoXXcovlo^; (TO(p(t)<^ puev eirrev iirivevoijaOai TavTa, ao(f)a)T6pa Be elvai tcl dXrjOeaTepa. " o)? 8e yiyvcoaKOiTe tov vovv tov MtXwi/o?, K.poTO)vtdTaL TOV d6X7]Tr)v TOVTOV lepea icrTrjcravTO tt}? Hpa?. TTJV puev Brj pLiTpav 6 tl ')(pr} voelv, tl dv i^7)yoip,rjv €TL, p.V7]p,ovevaa<; iepe(o<; dvBp6<; ; rj poa Be p.6v7] (pvTMV T?) ' Yipa (f)veTat, o Be viro toc<; ttoctI BidKO^, iirl daTTLBiov l3efi7]KQ)<; 6 l€pev<; ttj 'Upa ei/^erai, tovtI Be /cal 7) Be^cd aypiaivet, to Be epyov TMV BaKTvXwv fcal to p^rjirco BceaTco^; t?} dp'^aia dyaXpLaTOTTOLia TTpocFKeiaOw. 412 LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK JV And he also gave them an account of the brazen chap. statue of Milo and explained the attitude of this figure. ' For this Milo is seen standing on a disk with his two feet close together^ and in liis left hand he grasps a pomegranate^ w^hile of his right hand the fingers are extended and as it were stringing together. Now among the people of Olympia and Arcadia the storj^ told about this athlete is, that he was so inflexible and firm that he could never be induced to leave the spot on which he stood ; and this is the meaning of the clenched fingers as he grasps the poinegranate, and of the look as if they could never be sej^arated from one another, however much you struggled with any one of them, because the intervals between the extended fingers are very close ; and they say that the fillet with which his head is bound is a symbol of temperance and sobriety. Apollonius while admit- ting that this account was wisely conceived, said that the truth was still wiser. In order that you may know," s^id he, " the meaning of the statue of Milo, - the people of Croton made this athlete a priest of Hera. As to the meaning then of his mitre, I need not explain it further than by reminding you that the hero was a priest. But the pomegranate is the only fruit which is grown in honour of Hera ; and the disk beneath his feet means that the priest is stand- ing on a small shield to offer his prayer to Hera ; and this is also indicated by his right hand. As for the artist's way of rendering the fingers between which he has left no interval, that you may ascribe to the antique style of the sculpture." 413 FLAVILS PHILOSTRATUS XXIX CAP. HapaTV'y')(^dvcov Se Tol<i Bp(OfMevoi<; aireSi'^^eTo Twj' ^HXelcov, &)9 iTrejJieXovvTo re avrcov Kai ^vv KoafJiw eSpcov, fjbelov re ovBev rj ol a^ywvLovfxevoi tmv aOXrjTOiv KpiveaOai oyovro, /cal fxr)0^ e/covre^ tc fi7]T cLKOvre^ a/jbaprdvetv irpovvoovvTO. epopAvcov 8' avTov T(t)V eTaipcov, riva<^ 'HXetou? irepl rrjv SidOeaLV TMV ^OXvfjbTrtayv rjyoiTO, " el fiev ao(j)ov<;i' €(p7}, " ovfc olSa, ao(PiaTa<; fievroi. XXX CAP. 'n? 3e Kol Sie0el3X7]TO Trpcx; tov<? olofievovf; ^vyypdcfieLV, /cal d/jLaOei<; rjyeiTO rov^i aTrro/AeVof? \6yov /jL6i^ovo<;, V7rdp')(^€t fiaOetv i/c rcovBe' p,eipdKLov yap SoKrj(TLao(f)ov ivTV')(pv avTut irepl to lepov, " av/jb7rpoOv/ji7]07]Ti pLOii^ €^V, " avptov, dvayvco- aofjLai ydp rt." tov he ^ AttoWcovlov epopAvov, 6 TL dvayvcoaoLTO, " X0709," etTre, " ^vvrerafcrai p,OL eV TOV ^iaT Kal dp,a viro tS Ip^aTiw iireheiKVV avTov a6p.vvv6p,6vo<; tyj 7ra')(yT7]TL tov ^ij3\iov. *' tl ovv, ecpT], ** eiraivecrrj tov Ai6<; ; r) tov Ala tov ivTavOa Kal TO p.'qhev elvai tmv iv Ty yjj 6p,oiov ; " " Kal 414 LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK IV XXIX He was present at the rites^ and he commended chap. the solicitude with which the people of Elis ad- ^^^^ ministered them, and the good order with which commends they conducted them, as if they considered them- Elis selves to be as much on trial as the athletes who were contending for the prizes, anxious neither will- ingly nor unwillingly to commit any error. And Avhen his companions asked him what he thought of the Eleans in respect of their management of the Olympic games, he replied : " Whether they are wise, I do not know, but of their cleverness I am quite sure." XXX How great a dislike he entertained of people chap. who imagine they can write, and how senseless he ^^^ considered those to be who essay a literary task i^^^erary^ ^ beyond their powers, we can learn from the following puppy incident : A young man who thought he had talent met him in the precincts of the temple and said : " Pray honour me with your presence to-morrow, for I am going to recite something." When ApoUonius asked him what he was going to recite, he replied : " I have composed a treatise upon Zeus." And as he said these words he showed, with no little pride at its stoutness, a book which he was carrying under his garment. "^ And," said Apol- lonius, " what are you going to praise about Zeus ? Is it the Zeus of this fane, and are you going to say that there is nothing like him on the whole earth ? " 415 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. TOVTO fjL€V, ' e(f)7], " TToWa Se ITpO TOVTOV KoX 67r\ A- A. Jv TOVT(p erepa, /cal jap al cbpai fcal ra iv rrj yrj koI ra virep TrjV y/^v /cal ave/Mov; elvai Kal aarpa Aio<; TTavra." 6 3e ^AiroWayviof;, " So/cel^; fiotj^ elirev, " iyKCdfXLaaTiKo^i Tt? elvai acpoSpa.^^ " 3m tovto," €<p7j, " Kal TToSdypa'^ iyKcoficov n /lOi ^vvreraKTat /cal Tov TV(f)X6v Tiva i) /caxpov elvai. " oKka fjurfhe T0U9 vBepov^," elire, " p,7]he Tov<i /caTdppov<; aTTO/crjpvTTe ri)"? eavrov ao(f)ia(;, el ^ovXoio eiraivelv ra TOtavTa, ^eXrlcov Se ecrrj /cal toi<; aTrodvr]- a/covaiv kiropbevo^^ Kal Bllcov e7raivov<; tcov voarj- fidrcov, v(f o)v direOavov, rjTTOV yap iir' avTot<; dvLaaovTaL Trareyoe? Te Kal TralSe^; Kal ol dyyov tmv diroOavovTwvr K€')(a\iV(o jjuevov Ze Ihcdv to [xeipaKiov vTTo TOV \6yov, " iyKw/xid^covj' elirev, " w ^vy- ypa(p€v, TTOTepov a olSev eiraivecreTaL d/jL€Lvov rj a ovK oibev ; a oioev, ecpr), 7rw9 yap av ti<; eiraLVol, a ovk olSe ; " " tov iraTepa ovv rjZr] TTore TOV aavTov eTTrjveaa^ ; " " ejSovXTjOrjv, elirev " aXX' eVel jjbeya^ tl /xol SoKel Kal yevvalo'^ dvOpoi'TTcov T€ MV olSa KdXkLdTO^, oIkov t€ iKavo<; olKrjaaL Kal ao(f)La €9 TrdvTa XPV^Oai, TraprJKa tov 69 avTOV eiraivov, ox; /jlt) alcr^vvoL/jLi, tov iraTepa \6y(p r]TTOVi.^ hva')(^6pdva<i ovv 6 AttoWcovw^, tovtI he 7rpo<; tol'9 c^opTLKOv^ tmv dvd pdnroiv 416 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV " Why that, of course," said tlie other, " and a great chap. deal more that comes before that and also follows it. ^"^^ For I shall say how the seasons and how everything on earth and above the earth, and how the winds and all the stars belong to Zeus." And Apollonius said : It seems to me that you are a past-master of encomium." '^ Yes," said the other, "and that is why I have composed an encomium of gout and of blindness and deafness." "And why not of dropsy too," said Apollonius; "for surely you won't rule out influenza from the sphere of your cleverness, since you are minded to praise such things ? And while you are about it, you would do as well to attend funerals and detail the praises of the various diseases of which the people died ; for so you will somewhat soothe the regrets of the fathers and children and the near relations of the deceased." And as he saw that the effect of his words was to put a bridle on the young man's tongue, he added : " My dear author, which is the author of a panegyric likely best to praise, things which he knows or things which he does not?" "Things which he knows," said the youth. " For how^ can a man praise things which he does not know^? " "I conclude then that you have already written a panegyric of your own father?" "I wanted to," said the other, " but as he appears to me rather a big man and a noble one, and the fairest of men I know, and a very clever housekeeper, and a paragon of wisdom all round, I gave up the attempt to compose a panegyric upon him, lest I should disgrace my father by a discourse which would not do him justice." Thereupon Apollonius was incensed, as he often was against trivial and vulgar people. " Then," said he, 417 VOL. I. E E FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. e7raa-%fct', " elra^ €<pr), '* co /caOapfia, tov fiev irarepa tov aeavTov, ov Icra icai aeavrov <yiyvco(TK€L<;, ovk ap otei ttot' av lfcav(o<; iiraLveaaiy TOV 8' avOpcoTTcov fcal 9eo)v iraTepa koL Sr]fMLOvpyov TMV 6\cov, oaa irepl rjfjid^ koI virep r)fid<; iaTiv, €v/c6\(o<; ovTccx; iyKoy/jbid^cov ov6 , ov €7raiv€L(;, BeSta<;, ovt€ ^vvi7j<; e? Xoyov KaOt,(TTdp.evo'^ fiet^ova dvOpcoTTOv ; XXXI CAP. At 8e iv 'OXvfiTTLa Sta\e^€i<; to5 'A-TroWayviM Trepl TMV ')(^prjaifjbo)TdTO)v iyuyvovTO, irepi aocfyta^ tg Koi dvhpeia<i koI accxfipoavvr)^ koX KaOdira^, oTroaat dpeTUL elac, irepl tovtcdv diro Trj<; Kprjivlho^ tov veo) hieKeyeTO, irdvTa^ eKTrXiJTTcov ov Tal<i hiavoLai^ fiovov, dWa /cat rat? t^eat? tov \6yov. irepL- a-TdvT€<; Se avTov ol Aa/ceSaLfiovLOL, ^evov t€ irapa TM AlX ilTOlOVVTO KOI T(OV oXkOI V60)V TTaTepu fiiov T€ vo/jLoOeTTjv Kol y€p6vT0)v yepa<^. ipo/ievov Se KopivOiov Ttv6<; KaTcu dyO^^ova, el fcal 0€O(f)dvia avTO) d^ovai, *' vol tco iStw," e(^7], ** eTOL/xd 76." o Be ^AiroWcovco^ dirriyayev avTOv<; tmv tocovtcov, &)9 fir) (pOovoiTO, irrel Se V7rep^d<; to TavyeTOV elSev evepyov Aa/ceSai/jLOva koX tcl tov Av/covpyov irdTpLU ev jrpdTTOVTU, ovk drjBh evofiLo-e to fcac 418 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV '^ you wretch, you are not sure that you can ever chap. sufficiently praise your own father whom you know ^^^ as well as you do yourself, and yet you set out in this light-hearted fashion to write an encomimn of the father of men and of gods and of the creator of everything around us and above us ; and you have no reverence for him w^hom you praise, nor have you the least idea that you are embarking on a subject which transcends the power of man." XXXI The conversations which Apollonius held in chap. Olympia turned upon the most profitable topics, ^-^^^ such as wisdom and courage and temperance, and in intifed u a word upon all the virtues. He discussed these sparta from the platform of the temple, and he astonished everyone not only by the insight he showed but by his forms of expression. And the Lacedaemonians flocked round him and invited him to share the hospitality of their shrine of Zeus, and made him father of their youths at home, and legislator of their lives and the honour of their old men. Now there was a Corinthian who felt piqued at all this, and asked whether they were also going to celebrate a theophany for him. "Yes," said the other, " by Castor and Pollux, everything is ready anyhow." But Apollonius did not encourage them to pay him such honours, for he feared thev would arouse envy. And when having crossed the mountain Taygetus, he saw a Lacedaemon hard at work before him and all the institutions of Lycurgus in full swing, he felt that it would be a real pleasure to converse with 419 E E 2 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Tot9 reXecTi tmv AaKeSaL/jbovLoyv ^vyyeveaOai irepu wv ipcordv ijSovXovTO' r^povro ovv a<^LKofievov, iTa)<; Oeol Oepairevjeot,, 6 Be elTrev, " co? BeairoTai. TToXlV TjpOVTO, TTM^i 7]pO)e<;' ** ft)? TTttTepe?." TpiTOV he epofjuevwv, itm^ he avOpwiroi, " ov AafccoviKov, ecpT), " TO epcorrj/jia.^^ rjpovTO koX 6 tl rjyoLTO tou? Trap' avTOL<; v6/jLOV<;, 6 he eiTrev, " apiaTov^; hiha- (TKoXov^;, ol hthdafcaXoL he evho/ci/jbrjaovaiv, vjv oi IxaOrjTal /xr) paOv/xMcnv.^^ epofievcov h^ avrcov, n irepl avhpeia^ ^v/x^ovXevoi, koI Tt;" ec^?;, *' tiJ avhpeia ')(p7]aeadaL.^^ XXXII CAP. 'Eri^Y^az^e he irepl tov ')(p6vov tovtov veavia<; AafcehaL/jLovio^; alrtav e^o^v irap* avroU, <h<; ahi/ccov irepl TOL r]6ri' KaWiKpariha fiev yap tov irepl ^Ap- yLVOi>(Ta<; vavapxv^^cLVTO^ tjv eKyovo^, vavK\7]pLa<=; he r}pa koI ov iTpoael%e toU koivoU, aXV e? Kapxv^^^^ efeTrXet fcal SifceXiav vav^ ireiroLrj- fjLevo<^. oLKOvGa^ ovv KpiveaOaL avTOV eirl tovtm, heivov oar^Orj irepuhelv tov veavlav L/Tra^^eVra e? hUrjv, /cat, *' w Xft)<7Te," e(j)7j, *' tl ire<f)povTLKcb(; ireplei Kai, fjb€(TTO<; evvoia^r " ayodvr elirev, " iirrjyyeXTal 420 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV the authorities of the Lacedaemonians about things chap. which they might ask his opinion upon ; so they ^-^^^ asked him when he arrived, how the gods are to be revered, and he answered : " As your lords and masters." Secondly they asked him : ^' And how the heroes .'^ " "As fathers/' he replied. And their third question was : " How are men to be revered?" And he answered: "Your question is not one which any Spartan should put." They asked him also what he thought of their laws, and he replied that they were most excellent teachers, adding that teachers will gain fame in proportion as their disciples are industrious. And when they asked him what advice he had to give them about courage, he answered : " Why what else, but that you should display it ? " XXXII And about this time it happened that a certain chap. XXXH youth of Lacedaemon was charged by his fellow 1,^ \ citizens Avith violating the customs of his country, youthful For though he was descended from Callicratidas who ^j.om*^his led the navy at the battle of Arginusae, yet he was seafaring devoted to seafaring and paid no attention to public affairs ; but, instead of doing so, would sail off to Carthage and Sicily in the ships which he had had built. Apollonius then hearing that he was arraigned for this conduct, thought it a pity to desert the youth who had thus fallen under the hand of justice, and said to him : " My excellent fellow, why do you go about so full of anxiety and with such a gloomy air ? " "A public prosecution," said the other, " has 421 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. fioL Srj/jLoaoo^;, iireiBr} 7rpo<; vavKXrjpiais elfu koI ra XXXII y , , » u V 5- / 'a KOLva ov TrpaTTO). Trarrjp de crot vav/c\r)po<; iyevero // TraTTTro?;" diraye,^^ elire, yvfivaal- ap)(^ot, T€ Kal €<l)opoL /cal TrarpovofiOL 7rdvT€<;> KaXkc/cpariSaf; Se o irpoyovo'^ /cal twv vavap)(rj- advTcov iyevero^ ** /acoi/," e^r], " rov iv ^Apyivov- <rai<; Xeyet?;" *' eKelvoVy^ elire, *' rov iv rrj vavap^ia aiTOuavovTa. eir ov oiepaXe (tol, eiTre, rrjv OdXaTTav y TeXevrrj rov TrpoyovovT " P'O, At'," elirev, ou yap vavfia)(^7]acov ye TrXeco." " aXV efjLTTo- pcov T€ Kal vavKXrjpoiv KaKoSai/jLovecrrepov ri ip€L<; eOvo^; TTpcoTOv fjbev Trepivoarovai, ^Tjrovcrtv dyopav KaK(h<; TTpdrrovaav, elra 7rpo^evoi<; fcai KairrfXoi^ dvaiJLi')(6evTe<; ircSXovai re /cal TrcoXovvrac, /cal to/coi<; dvoaioL<; Ta<i avrcov /c€(paXd<; vTroTiOevTe^ e? to dp- ')(alov airevhovcn, kclv fiev ev irpdrTcocnv, evirXoel 7] vav<;, Kal iroXvv iroiOvvTaL Xoyov rov fiijre eKovre^ dvarpe-^ai /Jb^re dKOVT€<;, el Be rj i/jL7ropia tt^oo? ra XP^^ P'V dva<f>epOLTO, fjLerafidvref; e? rd icpoXKta TT poaapdrrovac ra? vav^, Kal rov erepcov vavrac /Slop Oeov dvdyKrjv eiTrovTe^; dOecorara Kal ovBe aKOvre^; avrol d(^eiXovTO. el 8e Kal fir] tolovtov rjv TO OaXarrovpyov re Kal vavriKov eOvo^, dXXa TO ye ^TrapTidTrjv ovra Kal Trarepcov yeyovora, ot fjbearjv irore T7]v ^Trdprrjv MKrjaav, ev kolXtj vtjl KelarOat XtjOt^v fiev ca^ovra AvKOvpyov re Kal ^l<f)iTOv, <f)6pTov Be fiv^/jiova Kal vavriKi^s dKpi/So- 423 I LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV been instituted against me, because I go in for sea- chap. faring and take no part in public affairs." "And was ^^^U your father or your grandfather a mariner?" '^'^ Of course not/' said the other ; " they were all of them chiefs of the gymnasium and Ephors and public guardians ; Callicratidas, however, my ancestor, was a captain of the fleet." " I suppose," said Apollonius, "you mean him of Arginusae fame?" " Yes, that fell in the naval action leading his fleet." " Then/' said Apollonius, " your ancestor's mode of death has not given you any prejudice against a seafaring life ? " " No, by Zeus," said the other, " for it is not with a view to conducting battles by sea that I set sail." " Well, and can you mention any rabble of people more wretched and ill-starred than merchants and skippers ? In the first place they roam from sea to sea, looking for some market that is badly stocked ; and then they sell and buy, associating with factors and brokers, and they put out their own capital at the most unholy rate of interest in their hurry to get back the principal ; and if they do well, their ship has a lucky voyage, and they tell you a long story of how they never wrecked it either willingly or unwillingly ; but if their gains do not balance their debts, they jump into their long boats and dash their ships on to the rocks, and make no bones as sailors of robbing others of their substance, pretending in the most blasphemous manner that it is an act of God. And even if the sea- faring crowd who go on voyages be not so bad as I make them out to be ; yet is there any shame worse than this, for a man who is a citizen of Sparta and the child of forbears who of old lived in the heart of Sparta, to secrete himself in the hold of a ship, oblivious of Lycurgus and of Iphitus, thinking of 423 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Xo^yta?, Ttvo<; al(T^vv7]<^ airearLv; el yap kol /jbrjSev XXXII >/^^ \ ^■^z )\>/r> >/i r^ A aKA.0, Tr)v yovv ZiTapTrjv avrrjv eoei evuvjjieicruai, ft)9, oiTore /jiev rrj^ 7779 et^ero, ovpavojJbrjKrj ho^aaav, iirel he OaXdrrTjf; iiredvfiTjae, ^vOiaOeladv re koI a(f)avLaOeL<jav ovk ev rfj OaXdrrr/ jjlovov, dWa kol ev rfj jfj. TOfTOi? TOP veavtav ovtco tl i'yeipot)- aaro tol<; XoyoLf;, &)? vevaavra avrov 69 ttjv yr^v K\ai€LV, iirei roaovrov rjKOvaev diro\e\€l<^6ai tmv Trarepcov, diroZoaOai re rd^ vav<;, iv al<; e^rj. KaOecjTMTa he avrov IScov 6 'AttoWcovlo^; Kal rrjv yrjv d(T7ra^6fM€vov, /caTTjyaye irapd TOU9 e<^6pov<i Kal TTaprjrrjCFaTO ttj^ hiK7)<;, XXXIIl CAP. XXXIII Yi^aKelvo tmv iv AaKeSaijjiovr eTTiaroXrj e/c fia- (TL\eci)<=; Aa/cehaip.oviOL<^ r)Kev eiTL7T\r]^Lv €9 to kolvov avTMv (jyepovcra, 0)9 L'Tre^o rrjv eXevOepiav v/3pi^6v- , Tft)!^, i/c hta^okMv he tov rrj^; 'EXXa8o9 dp-^ovTO<^ iirearaXTO avrol<; ravra. ol jxev hrj AaKehacfiovLoi diTOpia et^oi^TO, koI rj ZTrdpTr] 7rpo<; kavTr^v rjpL^ev, €LTe ')(^prj '7TapaLTOV/jLevov<; ttjv opyrjv rov ^aaiKeox; €LT€ v'7Tep(ppovovvTa(; iTTKTTeWeiv' 77^009 ravra ^v/ji/SovXov eiTOiOvvTO TOV ^ AttoXXcovlov tov Trj<; f e7rtaToX7]<; r)6ov<;, 6 he, ct)9 elhe SieaTrj/coTa^, iraprjXOe t€ €9 to kolvov avTMV Kal mBc ejSpa'^v- 424 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV nought but of cargoes and petty bills of lading ? For chap. if he thinks of nothing else^ he might at least bear in ^^^^^ mind that Sparta herself, so long as she stuck to the land, enjoyed a fame reaching to heaven ; but when she began to covet the sea, she sank down and down, and was blotted out at last, not only on the sea but on the land as well." The young man was so over- come by these arguments, that he bowed his head to the earth and wept, because he heard he was so degenerate from his fathers ; and he sold the ships by which he lived. And when ApoUonius saw that he was restored to his senses and inclined to embrace a career on land, he led him before the Ephors and obtained his acquittal. XXXIII Here is another incident that happened in Lace- chap. daemon. A letter came from the Emperor heaping " \ reproaches upon the public assembly of the Lace- spa7u how daemonians, and declaring that in their licence they to .-mswer abused liberty, and this letter had been addressed to them at the instance of the governor of Greece, who had maligned them. The Lacedaemonians then were at a loss what to do, and Sparta was divided against herself over the issue, whether in their reply to the letter they should try to appease the Emperor's wrath or take a lofty tone towards him. Under the circumstances they sought the counsel of Apol- lonius and asked him how to pitch the tone of their letter. And he, when he saw them to be divided on the point, came forward in their public assembly and delivered himself of the following short and concise 425 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Xoyrjae' " ITaXayLtT^S?;? €vp€ ypd/ifiara ovy virep Tov ypd<p€tv pLovov, dWa /cal virep rov yiyvcocr/ceLV a Bel piT] ypdcpeiv. ovrco pbev Srj AaKeBatpLOVLOv*; dTTifye TOV pufjTe Opaael<; pnqje heCX,ov<; 6<p6i}vai, XXXIV CAP. ^LaTpi'>\ra<^ 8' iv rrj ZTrdprr) pberd rrjV ^OXvpiriav '^(^povov, o)? ireXevra o '^^^eipLcov, iiri MaXeaz^ rjXOev dp'^opuevov rjpo<;, o)? e? ttjv 'Vcopbrjv d(f>T]acov, Stavoov- pL€V(p 8' avTcp ravra iyevero ovap TOLovhe* ehoKet yvvat/ca pueyLO-TTjv re /cal Trpea^vrdrrjv Trepi/SdWeiv auTov Kol SelcrOai 01 ^vyyeveadat, irplv e? 'IraXoi'? TrXevaai, Afo? 8e elvat rj Tpocj)b'^ eXeye, koI r]v avrfj (TT6<f)avo<; irdvT e^cov rd i/c yrj<; koX 6aXdrTr]<;. XoytapLov Se avrw ScBov<; Trj<; oyjreco^; ^vvrjKev, ore irXevarea eh] eV Kpijrrjv irporepov, fjv rpocpov rjyoiipieOa tov At09, iiretSr} iv TavTrj ipLaievOr], 6 Se aT6<pavo<; fcal dXXrjv tcro)? SrjXcoaai vrjaov. ovaoiv he iv ^laXea veoiv TrXecovcov, at e? J^prjTrjv dcpijaetv epLeXXov, ivefBrj vavv diro')(^po)(Tav tc3 kocvS' kolvov Be iKuXet tou? re eTaipov^; /cal tov<; tmv eTaipcov SovXov<^, ovSe yap i/ceivov<; irapecopa. 7rpoa7rXev(Ta<; Be KvBcovia, /cal TrapaTrXevaa^; e? Kvcoaaov, tov pev Aaj3vpLv6ov, 09 eKel BeiKVVTat, ^vveL^e Be, ol.pLai, TTore TOV yiivcaTavpov, ^ovXopievcov IBelv tmv eTai- p(ov, eKeivoL<; puev ^vve')(d>peL tovto, avTo^ Be ovk dv 426 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV speech : '^^ Palamedes discovered writing not only in chap. order that people might write^ but also in order that ^^^^^^ they might know what they must not Avrite." In this way accordingly he dissuaded the Lacedaemonians from showing themselves to be either too bold or cowardly. XXXIV He stayed in Sparta for some time after the chap. Ol^Tnpic festival, until the winter Mas over ; and at ^^^^^ the beginning of spring proceeded to Malea with the inrdreamto intention of setting out for Rome. But while he was visit Crete still pondering this project, he had the following dream : It seemed as if a woman both very tall and venerable in years embraced him, and asked him to visit her before he set sail for Italy ; and she said that she was the nurse of Zeus, and she wore a wreath that held ever^^hing that is on the earth or in the sea. He proceeded to ponder the meaning of the vision, and came to the conclusion that he ought first to sail to Crete, which we regard as the nurse of Zeus, because in that island Zeus was born ; although the wreath might perhaps indicate some other island. Now there were several ships at Malea, making ready to set sail to Crete, so he embarked upon one sufficient for his association, to which he gave the title of his companions, and also his com- panions' servants, for he did not think it right to pass over the latter. And he bent his course for Cydonia, and sailed past that place to Knossus, where a labyrinth is shown, which, I believe, once on a time, contained the Minotaur. As his companions were anxious to see this he allowed them to do so, 427 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. ecpTj 6eaTr]<^ ^yeveaOai ri}? aSLKla<; tov MtVco. irpoijei XXXIV 5,\)\Tn/ //) '^ ■>'j^ vZi^ "? ^ 06 ETTL 1 opTvvav iToucp T?79 I0779. aveKvoov ovv Kai TOt? OeoXoyov/jiivoif; €vtv)(ow, eiropevOri kol e? to te/3oy TO Ae^rjvatov' earc Se 'Aa/c\rj7nov, koI coairep 7] 'Acrta 69 TO Hepya/Jiov, ovtw^ 69 to lepov tovto ^VV€(f>OLTa T) }^pi]Tr), TToWol Sc KOl Ai^VCOV i^ aVTO irepacovvTai' kol yap TerpaiTTat 7rpo<; to Al^vkov 7reXa709 fcara yovv TrjV ^aiarov, evOa rr^v iroWrjv aveipyei OdXarrav o fii/cph^ \iOo^. Ae/Srjvalov Se TO lepbv oovofjiciaOai (pacriv, eTretSrj aKpwjrjpiov ef avTOv /caTareiveL Xeovn el/cacrfMevov, ola woWa al ^vvTvy^iai tmv Trerpcov a7To<^aivovGL, /jlvOov re iirl Tft) d/cpo)Tr)pi(p aSovacv, a)<; \ecov 6^9 ovto<; lyevoLTO TO)v virot,vyuov irore rfj Via. ivravda StaXeyofievov ttote tov ^ AitoW(dvlov irepl fiecrrj/ji- ^puav, SceXeyero Se 7ro\Xofc9 dvhpdaiv, vcf) cov to iepov eOepaireveTO, a€C(T/jLo<; dOpooi^ rfj K.p^^rr) TrpoaeffaXe, ^povrr) Se ov/c ek v€(^o)v, aXX' eK T779 7779 vTT'^'^TjaeVy T) OdXaTTa 3e virevoaTrjae ardSia 6(70)9 eTTTa. fcal ol fiev iroXXoi eSetcrav, fir) to TveXayo^; v7ro')(^a)p7]crav iTTiaTrdarjraL ro lepov Kal direve'xOcdcnv, he ^AttoXXcovco^, " Oapaelre,^^ e<p7j,
    •  ?7 yap OdXaTTa yrjv ereKe. /cat, ol fiev (povTO
avTov rrjv ofiovoiav tmv (7TOi,')(eL(ov Xeyecv, Kal on, /jL7]8ev dv i) OdXaTTa vecoTepov €<; tyjv yiyv epydaaiTO, fjieTCi he 7)f.iepaf; 6Xiya<; dcpL/cofievoi Tcve^ ifc t?}9 K.vBa)vtdTLSo<; rjyyeiXaVy otl KaTa ttjv i^jjiepav t€ Kal fxearjiJiPpiav, rjv eyeveTO rj hiOGTjfjbia, vi]ao<i eK T?}9 6aXdTTrj<^ dvehoOr) irepl top TropOfiov tov 428 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV but refused himself to be a spectator of the injustice chap. of Minos, and continued his course to Gortyna because ^^^^^ he longed to visit Ida. He accordingly climbed up, and after visiting the sacred sites he passed on to the shrine of Leben. And this is a shrine of Earthquake Asclepius, and just as the whole of Asia flocks tOg^j.J^|^jf Pergamum, so the whole of Crete flocked to this Leben shrine ; and many Libyans also cross the sea to visit it, for it faces towards the Libyan sea close to Phaestus, where the little rock keeps out a mighty sea. And they say that this shrine is named that of Leben, because a promontory juts out from it which resembles a lion, for here, as often, a chance arrange- ment of the rocks suggests an animal form ; and they tell a story about this promontory, how it was once one of the lions which were yoked in the chariot of Rhea, Here ApoUonius was haranguing on one occasion about midday, and was addressing quite a number of people who were worshipping at the shrine, when an earthquake shook the whole of Crete at once, and a roar of thunder was heard to issue not from the clouds but from the earth, and the sea receded about seven stadia. And most of them were afraid that the sea by receding in this way would drag the temple after it, so that they would be carried away. But ApoUonius said : " Be of good courage, for the earth hath borne land and brought it forth." And they thought that he was alluding to the harmony of the elements, and was arguing that the sea would never wreak its violence upon the land ; but after a few days some travellers arrived from Cydoniatis and announced that on the very day on which this portent occurred and just at the same hour of midday, an island rose out of the sea in the 429 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. hiappeovTa Hijpav re kuI Kprjrriv. idcavTe^ ovv XXXIV , ^ V > v \ > fTj / Xoycov iJbi)KO(; eXtfoi/jbev /cat ein ra? ev i co/xtj (TTTOvhd^, at iyevovTO avTw /jLcra ra ev Kpi^rr}. XXXV XXXV Ne/jft)!^ ov ^vve')(oi)p6L (piXoaocpecv, dWa irepiep- yov avT(f> XPVH'^ o'^ (f>tXoao(povvT€<; i(j)atvovTO koI fiavTiKTjv ava/ccd^ovT€<;, /cal 'tJX^V '^ore 6 Tpi/3(ov 69 hiKaaTrjpLOV, 009 /jLavTCKrj<; crx/jp.a. io) toi'9 aXXov<^, dWa Mofcrft)t»^09 ^a^vXd)vio<;, dvrjp ^AttoWcovlov jJiovov hevT€po<^, iheOrj iirl aocpla Kal €Kel fiivcDv eKLvhvvevaev, direSave h^ av to eirl toG S^aavTC, el fir) a(p6Spa eppcoTo. XXXVI CAP. 'Ei^ roLavTT) fcaTaardaet <ptXoao<j)ia<; ovar)<; eVu^e XXXVI y ^ f-i-» / /^(>v>/ \< V Trpoaccov tt) irco/jLy, araoLa oe eiKocrt Kat efcarov aTre^ft)!^ ezverf^e ^cXoXdo) toS Ktrrtet Trepl to V€fjLO<i TO ev rfi ^Apcfcla. rjv he $tXoX,ao9 ttjv fiev yXwTTav ^vyfcel/jLevo^;, fxaXaKOirepof; Be xap- reprjaai re, ovto<; dvaXvcov aTro Tr}9 'Vco/iijf; avroq re eoo/cei (pevyovn, Kal orw ivrv^ot (pcXoaocfyovvrc Trape/ceXevero to avro irpaTTeiv. Trpoaeiircov ovv rov ^AttoXXcovlov i/ceXevev eKarrjvai to3 Kacpca, firjSe e7n<j)0iTdv rfj 'Fcofjurj Sca^e^Xij/jievov rov 430 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV firth between Tliera and Crete. However, I must chap. give up all prolixity and hurry on to relate the conversations Avhich he held in Rome, subsequently to his stay in Crete. XXXV Nero was opposed to philosophy, because he chap. suspected its devotees of being addicted to magic, ^^ and of being diviners in disguise ; and at last the imprisons philosopher's mantle brought its wearers before the ^i^^omus law courts, as if it were a mere cloak of the divining art. I will not mention other names, but Musonius of Babylon, a man only second to Apollonius, was thrown into prison for the crime of being a sage, and there lay in danger of death ; and he would have died for all his gaoler cared, if it had not been for the strength of his constitution. XXXVI Such was the condition in which i:)hilosophy stood chap. XXXVI when Apollonius was approaching Rome; and at a'^" distance of one hundred and twenty stadia from its warns him walls he met Philolaus of Cittium in the neighbour- gj^ering hood of the Grove of Aricia. Now Philolaus was a Rome polished speaker, but too soft to bear any hardships. He had quitted Rome, and was virtually a fugitive, and any philosopher he met with he urged to take the same course. He accordingly addressed himself to Apollonius, and urged him to give way to circum- stances, and not to proceed to Rome, where philosophy was in such bad odour ; and he related 431 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. <piXoao<p€lv, KOI SLrjyelro ra e/cet TrpaTTo/jueva Oa/xa i7ri(TTp€<pQfM€vo^, jmr) iTrafcpooiTo tl<; avrov /caroTTLv. " av Be Kol %o/^o^' (pikoaocpcov ava'^dfievo^;,^^ elTre, " /3a5tf€t9 (^Oovov />teo"T09, ovk elh(b<; tov<; iirneTay- fievov^ Tat9 TTiiXuL^ vtto Ne/oco^o?, ot ^vWr)'\^ovTai ere T6 Kol TOVTOv^i, iTplv eaco yeveaOat.^^ " tL S'," eiirev, '* &> ^iXoXae, rov avro/cpdropa (nrovSd^etv (pacTiv ; " " i)vLoxeir €(f>r), *' Bij/jLoaia Kal aSei irapLOiv 69 tA 'Vaypiaioiv Oearpa Kal /xera tmv jjlovo- fia')(ovvTO)v t,f], piovoixa')(€l he /cal avro^; Kal a7rocr(^aTT6i." vTToXa/Sayv ovv o ^A7roWcovco<i, " elra,^' ecpr], " m ^e\TL(TT€, fiel^ov rt 77777 Oeafia dvSpdat 7r67raiS€V/jL6voc<; 7) ^aatXea IBecv d(7')(rifjL0- vovvra ; Oeov p,ev yap iraiyvLov dvOpcdiro^ " elire " Kajd TTjv TLXdrcovofi So^av, /3aac\€v<; Be dvOpco- TTov TTaiyvLov yLyv6fi€V0<; Kal ')(^apL^6fjievo<; tol<; o^Xoi9 T^i^ eavTov ala'^vvrjv, Tiva<; ovk av irapdcry^oi Xoyov^ T0t9 (J)lXo(to(J)OV(tl ; ^^ " vrj AT," elirev 6 <i>L\6\ao<;, " elye /jberd tov aKLvhvvov yiyvoLTO, el Be diroXoLO dva'^OeU Kal l^epcov ae oofibv (pdyoi fxrjBev IBovra o)v irpdrrei, eirl ttoXXco ecnai aot, to evTvyelv avT(p Kal eirl irXeLOVi rj tcG ^OBvaaet iyevero, oiroje irapa tov KvAcXcoTra rjXOev, drrd)' Xeae yap iroXXovf; tmv eTaipcov Tro6i]aa<; IBelv avTov Kal r)TTr)Oel<^ utottov kol co/jlov 6edfiaT0<;.^^ 6 Be ^AttoXXoovco^;, " oiec 7«/0," €^77, " tovtov tjttov 432 i LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV to him what was taking place there, and as he did chap. so he kept turning his head round, lest anybody ^^^^'^ should be listening behind him to what he said. ^'^And you/' he said, ^'^ after attaching this band of philosophers to yourself, a thing which will bring you into suspicion and odium, are on your way thither, knowing nothing of the officers set over the gates by Nero, who will arrest you and them before ever you enter or get inside." " And what," said Apollonius, " O Philolaus, are the occupations of the autocrat said to be ? " ^'^ He drives a chariot," said the other, " in public ; and he comes forward on the boards of the Roman theatres and sings songs, and he lives with gladiators, and he himself fights as one and slays his man." Apollonius therefore replied and said : " Then, my dear fellow, do you think that there can be any better spectacle for men of education than to see an emperor thus demeaning himself ? For if in Plato's opinion man is the sport of the gods, what a theme we have here provided for philosophers by an emperor who makes himself the sport of man and sets himself to delight the common herd with the spectacle of his own shame?" "Yes, by Zeus," said Philolaus, ^Mf you could do it with impunity ; but if you are going to lose your life by going thither, and if Nero is going to devour you alive before you see anything of what he does, your interview with him will cost you dear, much dearer than it ever cost Ulysses to visit the Cyclops in his home ; though he lost many of his comrades in his anxiety to see him, and because he yielded to the temptation of beholding so cruel a monster." But Apollonius said : " So you think that this ruler is less blinded than the Cyclops, if he 433 VOL. T. F F FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. eKTervcpXcoaOat rod Kv/cXcoirofi, el roiavra epyd- XXXVI -, if \ f jf^ -V '-V ii ' / ly ^ ^erai ; kul o ^cXokao^ TrpaTrero) fjuev, ecrrev, " 6 Ti ^ovXerai, aif Be aWa rovTOv<; crco^e.^^ XXXVII CAP. (t>(ovr) Se ravra aeutovL eXeye koI ico/cei fcXaovn. XXXVII f ivTavOa heiaa^ 6 Adfjit'; irepl TOt<; veoi^, firj ')(eipov<^ avTOiv yevoiVTO vtto Trj<; tov ^iXoXdov iTTOia^;, diroXa^oDV tov ^AttoXXcovcov, " diroXel,^^ €<^r), "tov<; veov<i 6 Xayox; ovto<; rpoficov /cal dOvfiia^ dvainpi- 7TXa<; Traz/ra." o Be ^AiroXXdovLOf;, " /cal ixriv TToXXcov, ecpT), ayauMV ovtcov, a /jltjo ev^afxevta fioi iroXXcLKL^; irapa tmv Oecov yeyove, fieyiarov av eycoye cf^airjv aTToXeXavKevai to vvvi toOto, irapa- TTeiTTOiKe yap ^daavo<; tcov vecov, r) acpoSpa eXey^ei Tov<; cf)LXoao(j)ovvTd^ t€ avTCOV /cal tou? eTepov tl fxaXXov Tj TOVTO 7rpdTT0VTa<;.*^ /cal rjXeyx^rjaav avTifca ol /jLT) ippco/jievoL acpcov, viro yap twv tov <^LXoXdov Xoycov d'jTa')(6evTe<^ ol jxev €(f)aaav voaetv, ol 8' ov/c elvat avTol^ e^ohia, ol he twv ol/coc epdv, ol Be vtto 6vecpdT(ov e/CTreTrXij^Oat, /cal TreptrjXOev 69 6/CTcb 6/iiiX7]Ta^ 6 ^A7roXXci)VLO<; i/c T€TTdpcov /cal Tpid/covTa, at ^vve^oiTwv avTM e<; ttjv ^Vwfxrjv. ol B' dXXoi lSepo)vd je /cal <pcXoao<plav diroBpdvTe^i <f)vyfj (p')(ovTO. 434 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV commits such crimes ? " And Philolaus answered : chap. " Let him do what he Hkes, but do you at least save ^^^^^ these your companions." XXXVII And these words he uttered in a loud voice and chap. with an air of weeping ; whereupon Damis conceived a fear lest the younger men of his party should be followers unmanned by the craven terrors of Philolaus. So he ffi'sake •^ ApoUonius took aside ApoUonius and said : " This hare^ with all in fear his panicky fears, will ruin these young men, and fill them with discouragement." But ApoUonius said : " Well, of all the blessinos which have been vouchsafed to me by the gods, often without my praying for them at all, this present one, I may say, is the greatest that I have ever enjoyed ; for chance has thrown in my way a touchstone to test these young men, of a kind to prove most thoroughly which of them are philosophers, and which of them prefer some other line of conduct than that of the philosopher." And in fact the knock-kneed among them were detected in no time, for under the influence of what Philolaus said, some of them declared that they were ill, others that they had no provisions for the journey, others that they were homesick, others that they had been deterred by dreams ; and in the result the thirty-four companions of ApoUonius who w^ere willing to accompany him to Rome were reduced to eight. And all the rest ran away from Nero and philosophy, both at once, and took to their heels. 435 F F 2 FLAVIUS PHILOSTHATUS XXXVIIl CAP. 'Bvvaya'ycbv ovv tou? TrepiXeicbOevTaf;, mv koL ALO(TKopi8rj(; 6 Alyv7rTio<; /cal Ad/jLi,<;, *' ov XoiSoprj- aojuLaL," 6(f>7}, " T0fc9 diroXeKoiTTocnv '^fid<;, aXX' vfid^; enraivecrofiaL /jloXXov, otl avSpe^; iare ifMoX ofxotoi, ov8\ et Ti9 ^epcova Belaa^i aTrfjXOe, BetXov rjyijao- fxai rovTOV, aXX* el tl'^ tou Seovf; rovrov KpeiTTwv <yi'yv€TaL, (f)iX6ao(f)o<^ utt' ifiov irpocreipTjoeTai, /cal 8tSd^op,aL avTov, oirocra olSa. So/cel S'tj /jloc irpcdTov fjuev ev^aaOai toI<^ Oeol^;, 8l ou? ravra eVt vovv TjXOev vfilv re Kd/c€lvoL<;, eTTeiO' 7)<ye/jL6va<; avTov<; TToielaOac, 6eo)v yap %a)/?t9 ouS' iv dWo) iafiev. TrapLTTjrea €9 itoXlv, rj to(tovto)v t?}9 OLKovp6vr}<; fiepcbv ap^er 7rw9 ovv av irapeXOot tl<;, el fir] efcelvoc rjyolvro ; /cal ravra rvpavvi8o^ ev avrrj KaOearrjKvia^; ovrco ^aXe7ri}9, <i9 pr] i^elvai aocpolf; eivai. dvorjrov re pn-jhevl So/celrco ro Oapaelv ohov, fjv TToXXol rcov (f)LXoao(f)cov (jievyovcnv, iyoi) yap Trpwrov p.ev ovBev av rjyovp^at, (f)0^epov ovrco yeveaOac ra)v Kar dvOpcoTrov^;, 6t)9 eKrrXayyjvai irore i/ir avrov rov ao(f)6v, elr ovB^ dv TrpoOelijv dvhpeia^ p.eXera<;, idv pr) p,erd Kuvhvvwv yiyvoLvro. /cal dXXco<; iireX9(bv yrjv, oarjv oviro) rt<; dvOpdiTTwv, 6r}pLa p,ev 'Apd^td re /cal ^Iv8i/cd rrdp^iroXXa elSov, ro Be Orjpiov rovro, o /caXovcnv oi ttoXXoI rvpavvov, 436 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV XXXVIII He therefore assembled those who were left, chap. \"VWTTT among whom were Menippus, who had foregathered with the hobgoblin^ and Dioscorides the Egyptian, addresses and Damis, and said to them : I shall not scold f'^^^'"!*'., ■ tions to the those who have abandoned us^ but I shall rather eight who praise you for being men like myself : nor shall ^®'^'^^" I think a man a coward, because he has disappeared out of dread of Nero, but anyone who rises superior to such fear I will hail as a philosopher, and I will teach him all I know. I think then that we ought first of all to pray to the gods who have suggested these different courses to you and to them ; and then we ought to solicit their direction and guidance, for we are not remote from the gods even in a foreign country. We must then march forward to the city which is mistress of so much of the inhabited world ; but how can anybody go forward thither, unless the gods are leading him ? The more so, because a tyranny has been established in this city so harsh and cruel, that it does not suffer men to be wise. And let not anyone think it foolish so to venture along a path which many philosophers are fleeing from ; for in the first place I do not esteem any human agency so formidable, that a wise man can ever be terrified by it ; and in the second place, I would not urge upon you the pursuit of bravery, ujiless it were attended with danger. Moreover, in traversing He more of the earth than any man yet has visited, I have i^g* n^^^^' seen hosts of Arabian and Indian wild beasts ; but as to this wild beast, wliich the many call a tyrant, 437 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. ovT€ OTToauL K€(paXal avrS, olSa, ovre el yafx'^co- XXXVIII , ^ /^ ' J / / ^ V vv^ov T€ Kat Kap^apooovv ean. /cultoi itoXltlkov /16V elvai TO Orjpiov tovto Xeyerat Kat ra /leaa rcbv TToXecov OLKelv, roaovray Se dypLcorepov SidKecrai TCt)V opeivodv T€ KoX vXaiwv, oao) \eovT€<; [lev koI iraphaXei^ ivlore KokaKevofxevoL rjfjbepovvraL koI /jberafidWovo-L rod i-)Oov<;, tovtI Be virb tmv Kara^lrrj^ovTcov eTraipofxevov dypicorepov avrov yiyverai koI \a(^vaaei irdvra, irepl puev ye Orjplcjv ovK dv ei7roL<;, otl Ta<; /nrjrepaf; irore ra<; avTMv ehaiaavTO, ^epwv he e/jL7re(j)6p7jTai Trj<; ^opd^ rauTT/?. el Se koX ravra yeyovev eir ^Opearrj koI ^A\K/jbaLO)Vi, aXX' e'/cetz^ot? ayrjp.a rov epyov Trare- p€<; rjaav, o fxev diroOavcov viro rrj^; eavrov yvvaiKo<;, 6 he opfJLOv 7rpaO€L<;, ovroal he /cal eaTroirjdel^^ vtto TTj^ firjTpb*; yepovTL fSacrtXel Koi K\7]povofji')]aa<; to dpyeLV, vavayicp ttjv pn^Tepa direKTeive, ttXolov eir avTrj ^vvOeif;, vcf) ov aTTcoXeTO TTyoo? ttj yfj. el he eK TOVTcov (j>o^ep6v tl<^ 'ifyelTat ^epwva, koX hod TOVTO dTTOTrrjha (ptXoao(pia<;, ovk d(j(^a\e<^ avTco VOjXi^WV TO dTTO duflOV TL aVT(p TTpdTTClV, tcTTO) TO /xev (pofiepov eK€ivoi<; V7rdp')(pv, oaoi irep dv aco^poo-vvT]<; Te fcal o-o(f)ia<i diTTcovTat, tovtol^ yap Kal T<x irapd tmv Oecov ev €')(ei, Ta he tmv v/3pt- i^ovToyv vOXov rjyelaOo), Kadd koI Ta tmv fie/xeOv- (TfievMV, /cal yap 3r/ KdKeivov^ ye -rfkiOiov^i [lev rjyov/jLeOa, cfio/Sepovf; he ov. cM/xev ovv eV T7)v 'P(t)/jLi]v, etye eppM/xeOa, 7rpo<; yap Ta NepMVO^ 438 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV I know not either how many heads he has, nor chap. whether he has crooked talons and jagged teeth. In ^^"^^^'m any case, though this monster is said to be a social beast and to inhabit the heart of cities, yet he is so much wilder and fiercer in his disposition than animals of the mountain and forest, that whereas you can sometimes tame and alter the character of lions and leopards by flattering them, this one is only roused to greater cruelty than before by those who stroke him, so that he rends and devours all alike. And again there is no animal anyhow of which you can say that it ever devours its own mother, but Nero is gorged with such quarry. It is true, perhaps, that the same crime was committed in the case of Orestes and Alcmaeon, but they had some excuse for their deeds, in that the father of the one was murdered by his own wife, while the other's had been sold for a necklace ; this man, however, has murdered the very mother to whom he owes his adoption by the aged emperor and his inheribmce of the empire ; for he shipwrecked and so slew her close to land in a vessel built for the express purpose of doing her to death. If, however, anyone is disj)osed to dread Nero for these reasons, and is led abruptly to forsake philosophy, conceiving that it is not safe for him to thwart his evil temper, let him know that the quality of inspiring fear really belongs to those who are devoted to temperance and wisdom, because they are sure of divine succour. But let him snap his fingers at the threats of the proud and insolent, as he would at those of drunken men ; for we regard the latter surely as daft and silly, but not as formidable. Let us then go forward to Rome, if we are good men and true ; for to Nero's proclamations 439 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Kripv'^/ixaTa, hi o)v e^eipyei (j)i\oao(j)iai', eanv XXVIII , ^ ^ - N* J A / -^ ' 7]/jiLv TO Tov 2,o(poK\eov(; Aeyetv ov <ydp TL jJLOi Zei;? rjv 6 Kr}pv^a<; rdSe, ovBe yiovaac koI ^AttoWwv Xoyco^. €lko<; Be koX avTov l^epcova jcyvcocrKeLV ra lafi^ela ravra, TpaycpBia, W9 (paai,, '^aupovra.'^ evravOd Tt9 to 'Ofjbrjpov ivdvfjL7]6€L<;, 009, iTreiSdv 6 X0709 dp/jLoar) 7ro\€/jHKOv<^ dvBpa'^, fiia fxev Kopv^ yiyvovrai, fila Be dairU, evpelv dv fiot BoksI avro TOVTO Kol irepl rovaBe tov^ dvBpa^ yevofievov viro yap TO)v TOV 'A7roX\o)VLOv Xoycov ^vyKpoTr)6evT€<;, diroOvrjaKGiv t€ virep <j)i\oao(pia<; eppcovTO Kol ^€XTiov<; TMV diroBpavTcov ^alveaBai. XXXIX CAP. Ylpoarjeaav fJiev ovv Tal<; Trv\ai<^, ol Be e^eaTO)- XXXIX >r>\>/ v'vV //I V -^ \ T€9 ovoev rjpooTwv, aXXa irepLrjupovv to a'^fjfia Kai eOavfJbal^ov yap Tpoiro^; lepo<; eBoKec fcal ovBev €0tK0)<; T0t9 dyeipovai.' KaTaXvovai 5' avTol<; iv 7TavBo')(ei(p irepl Ta9 irvXa^; Kal Belirvov alpovfie- voi<;, eireiBr] Katpo^; eaTrepa^; rjBr) eTvyyavev, 0)9 eirl Koyp^ov ep'^CTUL jxeOvwv dvOpco7ro(; ovk dyXev/ccos T>}9 (f)o)vr]<; h')((jL>v, Trepirjec Be dpa kvkXw ttjp 'Pco/it/z^ aB(t)v Ta TOV ^ep(ovo<i fieXi] koX fjuefiicrdco/jLevo'^ TovTO, TOV Be ayu,eXw9 oKOvaavTa rj fxt) KUTa- jSaXovTa ficaOov t>}9 dKpodaea)<; ^vpeKe')(^(opi]To 440 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV in which he banishes philosophy we may well oppose chap, the verse of Sophocles : ^ * xxxviii '^ ' For in no wise was it Zeus who made this Aiitigone proclamation unto me,' nor the Muses either^ nor Apollo the god of eloquence. But it may well be that Nero himself knows this iambic line, for he is^ they say, addicted to tragedy." This occasion reminds one of the saying of Homer, niad 13. 130 that when warriors are knit together by reason, they become as it were a single plume and helmet, and a single shield ; and it seems to me that this very sentiment found its application in regard to these heroes ; for they were welded together and en- couraged by the words of Apollonius to die in behalf of their philosophy, and strengthened to show themselves superior to those who had run away. XXXIX They accordingly approached the gates of Rome, chap. and the sentries asked them no questions, although ^^^i^ they scanned their dress with some curiosity ; for the Rome^"*^^ fashion of it was that of religious ascetics, and did not in the least resemble that of beggars. And they put Nero's up at an inn close to the gate, and were taking their harpists supper, for it was already eventide, when a drunken fellow with a far from harsh voice turned up as it were for a revel ; and he was one it seems who was in the habit of going round about Rome singing Nero's songs and hired for the purpose, and anyone who neglected to listen to him or refused to pay him for his music, he had the right to arrest for violating Nero's 441 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. avTw KoX aTrdyeiv co? dae/Sovvra. rjv Se avTw KoX KiOdpa Kol T) 7rp6(r<popo(; tm fCtSapi^etv cTKevrj irdaa, /cal rwa koX vevpdv tcop iipa'yjra/jLevcjv le /cat irpoevTerafJbevwv aTroKet/jLevTjv ev koctlBi eL')(ev, Tjv €(j)aaK€V i/c t^9 Ne/0&)z^o9 icovrjaOac Ki6dpa<; Svolv jjbvalv /cat dTroScoaeaOac avrrjv ovhevi, rjv fir) KL9ap(t)ho^ fi TMV dpldTcov T€ KOL dycovLovfievcov Uvdol. dval3a\6fievo<; ovv, otto)? elwOei, /cal Ppa')(vv hie^eXdoiv v/jlvov tov ^epa)vo<; iTrrp/e /leXr) ra fjuev e^ Upeareta^;, ra oe e^ AvTLyovr]<;, ra o OTTodevovv TOdV Tpa<ya)8ov/jL6va)v avrw, kol o)Sa<i efca/jLTTTev, 07Toaa<^ ISlepMv iXvyt^e re kol fcaKa)<; €crTp€(f)6V. dpyorepov Be d/cpocofievcov o fiev aae- /SetaOat ^epcova vtt avrcov €(j)aa/ce koI TroXefiLOv; rrjf; 6eia<^ cf)covrj(; elvac, ol Be ov 7rpo(Tel')/ov. epojjue- vov Be TOV MevLTTTTov TOV ^AttoWcovlov, TTO)? aKOvoi XeyovTO'^ TavTa, " ttw?," €(f)r], " rj &)? ore ipBev ; rjixel^ jJuevTOt, w ^leviiTTre, firj Trapo^vvcojjieOa 77/909 TavTa, dWd tov fiiaOov t>}9 e7riBeL^€0)s B6vTe<; edaco/jbev avTov dveiv Tal<; Nepcovo<; Moi;crai9.*' XL CAP. TovTO fxev Br) eVt toctovtov eTTap(pvr)6r). hfxa XL Be Ty rjfiepa TeXealvof; 6 €Tepo<i tmv viraToyv KaXe- aa^ TOV 'AttoXXcovwv, " rt," ecpr), " to crxw^ > ' ^ 442 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV maiesty. And he carried a harp and all the outfit chap. proper for a harpist, and he also had put away in a casket a second-hand string which others had fastened on their instruments and tuned up before him, and this he said he had purchased off Nero's own lyre for two minas, and that he would sell it to no one who was not a first-rate harpist and fit to contend for the prize at Delphi. He then struck up a prelude, according to his custom, and after performing a short hymn composed by Nero, he added various lays, some out of the story of Orestes, and some from the Antigone, and others from one or another of the tragedies composed by Nero, and he proceeded to drawl out the airs which Nero was in the habit of murdering by his miserable phrasing and modulations. As they listened with some indifference, he proceeded to accuse them of violating Nero's majesty and of being enemies of his divine voice ; but they paid no attention to him. Then Menippus asked Apollonius how he appreciated these remarks, whereupon he said : " How do I appreciate them ? Why, just as I did his, songs. Let us, however, O Menippus, not take too much offence at his remarks, but let us give him something for his performance and dismiss him to sacrifice to the Muses of Nero." XL So ended the episode of this poor drunken fool. chap. But at daybreak Telesinus, one of the consuls, called i„ferview Apollonius to him, and said : " What is this dress with which you wear?" And he answered: "A pure Se^STu" ui 443 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Bij " KaOapovr elire, " koX dir* ov8evo<; OvrjToOy Tt9 oe T) aocpia ; u6ca(Tjubo<;, ecprj, /cai &)? av Ti? c7eoi9 6V)(^otTO Kat uvoL. earl oe tc<;, m (f)t\oao(j)€, 09 ciyvoel ravra ; " " TroWot," elirev, "el he Kol 6p6cb<i Ti9 eVto-Tarat ravra, ttoWo) yepotr av avrov /BeXrlcov aKOvaa^ aocpcorepov dvBp6(;, ore, a olSev, ev olSev.^^ ravra aKovovra rov TeXealvov, fcal yap irvy^^^avev vTroOepaiTevayv ro Oelov, earjXOev 6 dvr}p hi a iraXai, irepl avrov TjKove, Kal ro fjiev ovofia ovk (hero Belv €9 ro <^avepov ipcordv, fit] nv ere \av6dveiv fiovXocro, eiravrjye he avrov TrdXtv €9 rov \6yov rov Trepl rov Oelov, Kal yap 7r/909 SidXe^tv e7ri,rr]Bei,co<; el^e, /cal ct)9 ao(^w ye elrre, *' ri evXD 'Trpoaicov rot*; ySft)yLtoi9 ; "
    • €70)76," e^Vf " Stfcatoavvrjv elvac, v6/jlov<; /jltj
KaraXveaOai, irevecrOai rov^ o-o(pov<;, rov<; Be dXXov<; irXovrelv jjuev, dBoXa)<; 3e." " elra,^' eiire, roaavra acrcov oiec rev^eauat ; vr) i\i , enre, ^vvetpco yap rd irdvra 69 €V')(rjv fiiav Kal Trpoaicov T0?9 /8a)yLtot9 &>8e ev')(0[iaL' o) Oeoi, Soirjre /jloi rd 6(f)€iX6/ji€va' el fiev Brj rcbv '^(^prjcrrMV eljuLt dvdpcoTrcov, rev^o/jbac irXeiovwv rj elirov, el he ev rot<; <^avXoLf; fjbe ol Oeol rdrr overt, rdvavria fjiot irap avrcov rj^ei Kal ov fxefi'^^ofiai rov<^ 6eov^, el KaKOiV d^iov^ai IXTj '^pr]aro<i (avT e^e7reTrXr)Kro fxev ht] 6 TeXealvo'i 444 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV garment made from no dead matter." " And what chap. is your wisdom? " An ins^^iration/' answered Apol- ^^ lonius, "^ which teaches men how to pray and sacrifice to the gods." "And is there anyone^ my philoso- pher^ who does not know that already ? " " Many/' said the sage, " and if there is here and there a man who understands these matters aright, he will be very much improved by hearing from a man wiser than himself that, what he knows, he knows for a certainty." Wlien Telesinus heard this, for he was a man fairly disposed to worship and religion, he recognised the sage from the rumours which he had long before heard about him ; and though he did not think he need openly ask him his name, in case he wished to conceal his identity from anyone, he nevertheless led him on to talk afresh about religion, for he was himself an apt reasoner, and feeling that he was addressing a sage, he asked : " What do you pray for when you approach the altars ? " "^1," said ApoUonius, " for my part pray that justice may prevail, that the laws may not be broken, that the wise may continue to be poor, but that others may be rich, as long as they are so without fraud." " Then," said the other, " when you ask for so much, do you think you will get it ? " " Yes, by Zeus," said ApoUonius, " for I string together all my petitions in a single prayer, and when I reach the altars this is how I pray : O ye gods, bestow on me whatever is due. If therefore I am of the number of worthy men, I shall obtain more than I asked for ; but if the gods rank me among the wicked, then they will send to me the opposite of what I ask ; and I shall not blame the gods, because for my demerit I am judged worthy of evil." Telesinus then was greatly 445 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. VTTO rwv Xoycov tovtcop, /SouXofievo^i Se avrw Xapii^eaoaL, (poira, 6(p7], e? ra <6pa iravra, Kol <y6ypd^jr€Tat irap ifiov 7rpb<; tov<; lepcopievov^ he'xea-Oai ae kol hiopOovfjuevw eliceivr *' rjv Se fjurf ypayjryf;, €(pr), ov oe^ovrai /jl6 ; ' /xa iXi , eiTrev, e/XT] yap, e<pr}, avrrj ap^^r). ^at^w, €(pr}, '* OTt yevvalo^i obv fieyakou ap')(€i^, /SovXolfirjv S' ap ae KuKelvo wepl ifiov elBivar iyo) tmv lepcov ra fir] jBepalco^; KkeLara y^aipay oIkcov, kol TrapacrelraL fie ov86l<; to)v Oecov, dWa TTOLovvrai Koivcovov areyrji}' dvetcrOco Be (jlol koI tovto, koI yap ol /3dp^apot ^vve'^copovv avroT Kal 6 TeXe- alvo^, *' yLte^a," e^^, " 'Vcofiaioyv iyKcofjLtov ol /3dp/3apoc TrpovXa^ov, tovtI yap i^ovXo/jLrjv av Kal Trepl rjfjLCov XeyeaOatT WKei /jl€v Srj ev toc<; L6po2^, evaXXdrrwv avrd Kal fieOtaTdiJ,evo<^ i^ aXXov 69 aXXo, auTiav be ein tovtco e^wi^, ovoe ol Oeoiy €(^7), " Trdvra rov '^povov ev rw ovpavw oiKovcnv, dXXd Tropevovrai fiev e? AldtoTriav, iropevovrai 8e €? "OXv/jlttov re Kal "AOco, Kal ol/xac droTTov Tov^ fiev 6eov<; rd tcjv dvOpdnrayv eOvrj Trepcvoarelv Trdvra, tov<; Be dv9poL>7rov<; /jlt] TOi<i 6eol<i eiTK^oiTav irdai. Kalroc BeaTTorac fiev virepopcovref; BovXcov ovtto) alriav e^ovaiv, iao)^ yap dv Kara^povolev avTcov, co? firj airovBaKov , BovXoi Be jjLT] irdvT(jL><; tov<=; avrcov Bea7roTa<; depaTrevovre^, diroXoivTO dv vtt avrcov co? Kara- paroL re Kal 6eoi<i e^Opd dvBpdiroBar 446 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV struck by these words^ aitd wishing to show him a chap. favour, he said : '"' You may visit all the temples, and written instructions shall be sent by me to the priests who minister in them to admit you and adopt your reforms." " And supposing you did not write/' said Apollonius, ^^ would they not admit me?" " No, by Zeus," said he, for that is my own office and prerogative." " I am glad," said Apollonius," that so generous a man as yourself holds such a higli office, but I would like you to know this much too about me : I like to live in such temj)les as are not too closely shut up, and none of the gods object to my presence, for they invite me to share their habitation. So let this liberty too be accorded to me, inasmuch as even the barbarians always permitted it." And Tele- sinus said : The barbarians have more to be proud of in this matter than the Romans, for I would that as much could be said of ourselves." Apollonius accord- ingly lived in the temples, though he changed them and passed from one to another ; and when he was blamed for doing so, he said : " Neither do the gods live all their time in heaven, but they take journeys to Ethiopia, as also to Olympus and to Athos, and I think it a pity that the gods should go roaming around all the nations of men, and yet that men should not be allowed to visit all the gods alike. What is more, though masters would incur no reproach for neglecting slaves, for whom they pro- bably may feel a contempt because they are not good, yet the slaves who did not devote themselves wholly to their masters, would be destroyed by them as cursed wretches and chattels hateful to the gods." 447 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS XLI XL! CAP. Acakeyofjbivov Se avrov Trepl ra lepa ol Oeol iOepairevovTO fidWov, koI ^vvyecrav ol avOpcdiroi €9 ravra, ct)9 ra ayaOa irXeiw irapa rcov Oewv €^ovt6<;, Kal ovTTO) hie(3dWovTO at ^vvovauai rod dvSpo<; Sia TO aiTovSd^eaOai re BTj/jLoaia Xeyeadau re e? 7rdvTa<;, ovSe yap 6vpai<; iTreiroXa^ev, ovBe irpl^ero irepl Toi'9 SvvaT0v<i, dX)C rjaTTd^ero fiev iTnipoi- TO)vra<^, SceXeyero Se avTol<; oiroaa koI t&) B>jfji(p. XLII ^^- 'Evrel Be o ArjfjUjrptof; SLareOeU 7Tpo<i avrov, &)9 iv T0t9 l^opLv6LaKol<; X6yot<; etprjKa, irapayevofievo^; 69 Tr]v 'VcofMTjv varepov iOepdireve fJbev rov 'AttoX- XdiVLOV, eTrrjcpiec 8' avrov rw ISlepcovt, re')(^vr) ravra VTTWTrrevOr] rov dvBpo^, Kal rov Ar]/jL7]rptov avr6<; iS6/c€L KaOeiKevai €9 avrd, /cal ttoXv fiaXXov, oirore yv/jLvdaiov jxev i^eTrocijdrj ra) ^epcovi Oavjxa- (Ticorarov rcov i/cel, XevKrjv 8' eOvov iv avrw rj/jL€pav ^epcov re avro^ Kal r) fiovXrj r) fieydXr] Kal rb LTTTrevov t?}9 Pct)ya?79, TrapeXOcov Be 6 Arjfxijrpcof; 69 avro ro yvjxvdaiov Bie^r/XOe Xoyov Kara tmv Xovfievcov, 6i)9 eKXeXvjJLevoiv re Kal avrov<; ')(^paLv6v- rcov, Kal iBeuKvuev, on rrepirrov dvdXco/na eirj ra 448 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV XLI The result of his discourses about reliffion was chap. XT T that the gods were worshipped with more zeal, and that men flocked to the temples where he was, in leti^i "^ the belief that by doing so they would obtain an ^^ Rome increase of divine blessings. And our sage's con- versations were so far not objected to, because he held them in public and addressed himself to all men alike ; for he did not hover about rich men's doors, nor hang about the mighty, though he welcomed them if they resorted to him, and he talked with them just as much as he did to the common people. XLII Now Demetrius being attracted to Apollonius, as I chap. have said above in my account of the events at Corinth. , betook himself subsequently to Rome, and proceeded assails the to court Apollonius, at the same time that he launched piibiic batiis out against Nero. In consequence our sage's profession was looked at askance, and he was thought to have set Demetrius on to proceed thus, and the suspicion was increased on the occasion of Nero's completion of the most magnificent gymnasium in Rome ; for the auspicious day was being celebrated therein by Nero himself and the great Senate and all the knights of Rome, when Demetrius made his way into the gymnasium itself and delivered himself of a philippic against people who bathed, declaring that they enfeebled and polluted themselves ; and he showed that such institutions were a useless expense. He 449 VOL. I. G G FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Toiavra, ecj)^ ol<; ^vvi]paro fxev avrw rov /jLT] aTTodavelv avriKa to tov ^epcova evcpcovorara eavTov Kara ttjv rjfjbepav €K6Lvy]v aSetv — ySe 8e eV KairrfKeiw ireTToiTjfjievw 69 to 'yvfxvdcnov Scd^ay/jui ey^cidv yvfivo^, Mairep tmv KairijiXoiv ol daeXyeara- TOi — ov fJbTjV SLe(f)vy€v 6 Arfp^^T pic's to icf) ot9 elire KcvSwevcrat, T cy€Wlvo<; yap, ixj)^ co to ^i<po<i ?)V Tov l^epcopof}, ciTrrjXavvep avTov Tf](; 'Pco/xt;?, ox? to fBakavelov KaTaaKa-^avTa ol<; elire, tov S' AttoX- XcovLov d(j)ap(b(; dvl^pevev, ottotc /cat avTO'^ eTri- Xi'l^^npLOV Tt fcal irapa^epXrfpLevov elTTOC. XLIII CAP. ^O 8' ovTe KUTayeXcov <j)avepo<; rjv ovt av 7r€(j>povTLfca)<;y a)a7T€p ol (j^vXaTTOfievoL TLva kiv- Svvov, aXX' diroy^poavTW^ irepl twv Trpofcei/jiivayv SieXiycTO, ^v/jL(f)iXo(TO(l)OvvTO<i avTO) tov TeXeacvov /cal eTCpcov dvBpcjv, o'c /caiToc (^iXoao^La^ emKiv- Svvcof; 7rpaTT0vcr7)<; ovk dv wovto KtvBvvevaac ^vv 6/c€iV(p (TiTovhd^ovTe<;. virwiTTeveTO Be, £09 €<j)7jv, KoX TToXv fidXXov 6(f oh teal irepl Trj<; Bioar)p,La<{ etire' yevopbevrj<; ydp ttotg eKXei'\^e(o^ rfKiov kui ^povTr)^ ifcBoOelarjf;, oirep rjKKTTa iv iKXeiyjret Bo/cec ^v/jL^alvetp, dva^iyjra^; 69 top ovpavov, 450 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV was only saved from immediate death as the penalty ^^^f" of such language by the fact tliat Nero was in extra good voice when he sang on that day^ and he sang in the tavern which adjoined the g}Tnnasium^ naked except for a girdle round his waist ^ like any low tapster. Demetrius^ however, did not wholly escape the risk which he courted by his language ; for Tigellinus, to whom Nero had committed the power of life and death, proceeded to banish him from Rome, on the plea that he had ruined and over- thrown the bath bv the w^ords he used ; and he began to dog the steps of Apollonius secretly, in tlie hope that he would catch him out too in some compromising utterance. XLIII The latter, however, showed no disposition to chap. ridicule the government, nor on the other hand did ^Liii he display any of the anxiety usually felt by those ^o|s^^"^^* who are on their guard against some danger. He Apoiiouius merely continued to discuss in simple and adequate terms the topics laid before him ; and Telesinus and other persons continued to study philosophy in his company, for although philosophy was just then in a parlous condition, they did not dream that they would imperil themselves by associating themselves with his studies. Yet he was suspected as I have said, and the suspicion was intensified by words he uttered in connection with a prodigy. For presently when there was an eclipse of the sun and a clap of thunder was heard, a thing w^hich very rarely occurs at the moment of an eclipse, he glanced up to heaven 451 G G 2 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. earai tl, ecpr), fmya kul ovk earai. g^f^- paKeiv fjbev or] to eiprj/juevov oviro) ec^ov oi iraparv- ^oz^re? TW \6yfp, Tplrrj S' utto Trj<; i/cXei'^ecj^; r)/jL€pa ^vvYjKav Tov Xoyov iravre'^' aLTOvjjbivov yap TOV Nep(wi^09, ifjiireacdv Trj TpaTri^rj (7K7j7rT0(; hirfKaa-e t?}? kvXlko^ iv ')(epolv ovarj<; koI ov ttoXv aTreypvcrrjf; tov aTojjbaTO^;' to Srj Trapa tocfovtov iXOelv tov pKrjOrivai avTov Treirpd^eaOai tl elire fcal /jirj TreTTpd^eadao. d/covcra^ 8e TLyeXXlvo<i tov Xoyov TOVTOV €9 8e09 d(fjiK€T0 TOV dvSpO^, ft)9 (TO(f)OV TCL hatjJiovia, koI €9 eyKXr\\xaTa fxev ^avepa KaOtcFTaadat 7rpo<; avTov ovk to'ero helv, ft)9 p^rj KaKov Tl d^ave's vir avTov Xd^oi, StaXeyo/ievov Se Koi cncoTTMVTU Kol Ka9r)pLevov Kol ^aSi^ovTa kol 6 Tl (f)dyoi fcal Trap' otw koI el eOvaev rj pLrj eOvae, 7repn]6p€t irdaiv 6(f)6aX/xoi<;, oiroaoi^; rj dp')(rj ^X€7T€l. XLIV XLIV CAP. 'EyLt7r6(JO^'T09 8e iv 'Pco/at; voar}pLaTOs, KaTdp- povv ol laTpol ovo/jbd^ovaiv, dviaTavTai Be dpa vtt avTOV l3r]^€^ /cal rj (pcovrj T0t9 XaXovai 7rovr]p(o<; e)(eiy Ta fiev lepa irXea rjv i/c6Tev6vTa)V tov<; Oeov^, iwel Sia)S7]K€i TYjV (pdpvyya ISlepcov /cal pieXaivrj Trj cfjoovfj €')(prJTO' 6 Be ^AttoXXoovio^ ipprjyvvTO fxev '7Tpo<^ Tr)V TMV 7roXXo)V dvoiav, eireirX'qTTe Be ovBevi, dXXa Kal tov Mevunrov irapo^vvop.evov 452 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV and said : " There shall be some great event and chap. there shall not be." Now at the time those who ^^^^^ heard these words were unable to comprehend their meaning ; but on the third day after the eclipse^ everyone understood v»'hat was meant ; for while Nero sat at meat a thunderbolt fell on the table, and clove asunder the cup which was in his hands and was close to his lips. And the fact that he so narrowly escaped being struck was intended by the words that a great event should happen and yet should not happen. Tigellinus when he heard this story began to dread Apollonius as one who was wise in supernatural matters ; and though he felt that he had better not prefer any open charges against him, lest he should incur at his hands some mysterious disaster, nevertheless he used all the eyes with which the government sees, to watch Apollonius, whether he was talking or holding his tongue, or sitting down or walking about, and to mark what he ate, and in whose houses, and v/hether he offered sacrifice or not. XLIV Just then a distemper broke out in Rome, called chap. by the physicians influenza ; and it was attended; it seems, by coughings, and the voice of speakers was arrestsh^m affected by it. Now the temples were full of people supplicating the gods, because Nero had a swollen throat, and his voice was hoarse. But xA-pollonius vehemently denounced the folly of the crowd, though without rebuking anyone in jjarticular ; nay, he even restrained Menippus, who was irritated by such goings 453 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. vTTo TMV TOiovTcov 6aco(f)povL^e T€ Kol fcarel'^e, ^vyyoyvco<7/c€tv /ceXevcov TOt<; Oeol^, el /Jbi/JL0L<; yeXolcov ^aupovaiv. airayyekOevTO^ he rS TiyeX- Xivcp Tov Xoyov tovtov, 7re/jL7ret tov<; a^ovTa<; avTov 69 TO Sc/caarijpwv, ft)9 airoXoyTqaaiTO firj dcre^elv 6? ^epcova, TrapeaKevacrro Be koX Karrj- yopo<^ eir avrov iroXXov^ airoXcoXeKcof; i^hr] /cat TOLOVTcov OXv/jLTTidScov yLtecTTo?, /ctti TL Kol ypap^yia- relov el-^ev iv ralv yepolv yey papnievov to e^/cXT^/xa, KoX TovTO co(T7rep ^L(f)0(; dvacreLcov iirl tov dvSpa r)fcovria6ai re avTO eXeye /cal diroXelv avTov. iirel he dveXiTTcov TiyeXXcvo<^ to ypa/ju/jiaTelov ypafjip,rj(i p^ev lyyo'^ iv avrS ov^ evpev, dcnjp^o) Se tlvl ^l^Xko everv^ev, 69 evvoiav d7rr]ve')(0r) haip^ovo^;. tovtX he KOL /^o/jLeTLavb(; varepov irpo'i avrbv Xeyerai iraOelv. diroXajSoov ovv tov AttoXXcoviov rjveyKev 69 TO diToppi^Tov ScfcaaTrjpiov, ev (o irepl tmv pbeyiaTcov r) dp'^rj avTr) a^av(o<; Bi/cd^ec, koX p^eTadTTjadp^evo^ 7rdvTa<; eve/ceiTO epcoTMV, ocrTt9 etr), 6 Se 'AiroXXoovto^ TraTpo^ Te epApbvrjTo koX TraTpiho<; fcal €(j) 6 tl ttj (TO(^ia ^/ooSto, ecpaa/ce Te avjfj '^pijaOac eiri Te to Oeov<; ytyvcoafceiv eiri t€ TO dvOpcoTTcov ^vvLevai, tov yap eavTov yvcovai i yaXeirooTepov elvat to dXXov yvcovaL. " tol'9 hat- p.ova<;, elirev, "c5 ^ A.7roXX(t)vie, Kal.Ta^ tmv elScoXcov (f)avTao-ia<; 7rw9 eXey')(ei^ ; " " W9 76," e^rj, *' T01/9 p.LaL^6vov<; Te Koi daejSei^; dv6pd)7rov<;" tuvtI Be 7r/)09 Toz^ TtyeXXlvov dTrocKcoTTTcov eXeyev, eTrecSy 454 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV on, and persuaded him to moderate his indignation, chap. urging him to pardon the gods if they did show ^^^v pleasure in the mimes of buffoons. This utterance was reported to Tigellinus, who immediately sent j)olice to take him to prison, and summoned him to defend himself from the charge of impiety against Nero. And an accuser was retained against him who had already undone a great many people, and won a number of such Olympic victories. This accuser too held in his hands a scroll of paper on which the charge was written out, and he brandished it like a sword against the sage, and declared that it was so sharp that it would slay and ruin him. But when Tigellinus unrolled the scroll, and did not find upon it the trace of a single word or letter, and his eyes fell on a perfectly blank book, he came to the con- clusion that he had to do with a demon ; and this is said also subsequently to have been the feeling which Domitian entertained towards Apollonius. Tigellinus interview then took his victim apart into a secret tribunal, in T^^eHi^^g which this class of magistrate tries in private the most important charges ; and having ordered all to leave the court he plied him with questions, asking who he was. Apollonius gave his father's name and that of his country, and explained his motive in practising wisdom, declaring that the sole use he made of it was to gain a knowledge of the gods and an under- standing of human affairs, for that the difficulty of knowing another man exceeded that of knowing oneself. '^ And about the demons," said Tigellinus, and the apparitions of spectres, how, O Apollonius, do you exorcise them?" '^'^ In the same way," he answered, "as I should murderers and impious men." This was a sarcastic allusion to Tigellinus himself, 455 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. TrdcTTjf; Q)/jiOTr]TO^ T€ Kol aaeXyeiat; SiSdaKaXo^; rjv TO) Nepcovt. " fxavrevcraio 8' dvj^ €(p7j, " ^erjOevrt fiot ; 7rw95 eiirev, o ye jjlt] fiavrtq cov ; fcat firjv cre," e^?;, " (paalv elvai rbv elirovra eaeadai TL /jbeya koI ovk eaeaOai. " dXrjOco^;" elirevy
    • i]Kovaa'^, tovto Se /jltj fjuapTifcfj irpoaTiOet, ao^ia
8e fiaWoVy rjv deos (paivec <JO(jiol^ dvSpdatv.^^ " l^epcova Se" €(f)r], " Sid tl ov SiSocKa^; ; " " ot^/* elirev, o Oeo^ 6 irapi'X^odv eKeiv(p (po^epo) hoKelv KapLol SeSco/cev dcpo^w elvac" " (f)povel^ Be ttco?," elire, "Trepl Neyowz^o?;" 6 8e 'A7roWd)VLO<;, "ySeXr/oi^," elirev, " rj vp.et<;' Uyaet? yap ^yetade avrov d^LOv rov aSeiv, iyob Be d^iov tov aicoTrdv." e/CTrXayel^ ovv TiyeWlvo<;/'d'JTiOi, ' e(j)7], " KaraaTtjaa^ iyyvrjrd^ TOV crft)yu,aT09." 6 Be A7roWd)VLo(;, '* /cal Tt9," elirev, eyyvrjo-erat acopa, o fMrjoei^ orjaei ; edo^e tw TiyeWiV(p ravra BacfMovid re elvac /cal wpoaco dv6pco7rov, /cal coairep 6eofJLa')(elv <j)v\aTT6pLevo<;, " %^V^^j ' ^^V> " o^ ^ovXei, (TV yap /cpelrrcov rj vir e/jiov ap')(eauai. XLV CAP. l^aKelvo ^KttoWcovlov Oavixa' /coprj iv wpa yd- fjiov reOvdvai eBoKet, Kal o vvpL(f)LO(; TjKokovOei ry K\ivr) jSoMv oTTocra eir dreXelydfJicp, ^vv(ii\o<j>vpeTO 456 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV for he taught and encouraged in Nero every excess chap. of cruelty and wanton violence. "And/' said the ^^^^ other, " could you prophesy, if I asked you to ? " " How/' said Apollonius, "can I, being no prophet ? " "And yet/' replied the other, " they say that it is you who predicted that some great event would come to pass and yet not come to pass." " Quite true," said Apollonius, " is what you heard ; but you must not put this down to any prophetic gift, but rather to the wisdom which God reveals to wise men." "And," said the other, "why are you not afraid of Nero ? " " Because," said Apollonius, " the j same God who allows him to seem formidable, has j also granted to me to feel no fear." " And what do i you think," said the other, "about Nero?" And Apollonius answered : " Much better than you do ; j^yijtjy^l for you think it dignified for him to sing, but I think ^_ ^ -r' it dignified in him to keep silent." Tigellinus was astonished at this and said~: "You may go, but you must give sureties for your person." And Apollonius answered : " And who can go surety for a body that no one can bind?" This answer struck Tigellinus as inspired and above the wit of man ; and as he was careful not to fight with a god, he said : " You may go wherever you choose, for you are too powerful to be controlled by me." XLV Here too is a miracle which Apollonius worked : chap. A girl had died just in the hour of her marriage, and the bridegroom was following her bier lament- agirifrom ing as was natural his marriage left unfulfilled, and the ^^^^ ^^^^ 457 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Be KoX T) ^F(o/iir}, Koi yap eTV'y')^avev olKia^ rj Kopr) reXovar]^ e? vTraTOV^;. TrapaTV')(Oiv ovv 6 'AttoX,- X(ovio<; TO) irdOei, " KardOeade,^^ €(f)r], " rrjv KXivrjv, €70) yap v/iid^ Tcov eirl rrj Kopy haKpvwv iravaw. ' Kai djxa Tjpero, 6 ti ovofia avrfj elrj. ol fiev 8r) ttoX- Xol o)ovTO Xoyov dyopevaeiv avrov, oIol twv Xoywv ol iiTiKi'iheiol T€ Kal ra? 6Xo(f)vpa€L<; iy€LpovT6<;, 6 Be ovBev a)OC rj irpoaaylrapbevo^; avry^; Kai tl d(f)ava)<; eTreiiTwv, dcfiVTrviae rrjv Koprjv rov Bokovvto<; Oavd- Tov, Kal (pMVTjv re rj 7rat<^ d(j)rjKev, eTravrjXBe re e? TTjv oiKiav Tov Trarpo^;, coaTrep y "AXKr)aTL<; viro Tov 'H/oa/cXeou? dva/SccoOelcra. Bwpovfiivwv Be avToy Tcov ^l;77e^'wz/ ri}? Koprj^; fjLvpidBa<; BeKaTreirre (j)€pvrji' €(f)7] eTTiBiBovai aura.? rfi TracBi. Kal etre aiTLvOrjpa Trj<; "^VXV^ evpev ev avrfj, 09 iXeXydet TOV? OepairevovTa^ — Xeyerai ydp, co? "yjreKd^oi fiev 6 Zei;^, rj Be drfii^oL diro tov irpoacoirov — etr direaPrjKvlav rrjv '^vxh'^ dvedaXy^e re Kal dveXa- /9e^', dpp7]ros y KardXr)'\ln<; rovrov yeyovev ovk ifjLol fi6v(p, dXXd Kal roc'i jraparv^ovaiv. XLVI ^Fdrvyxdve Be rrepl rov XP^^ov rovrov Kal Mov- CAP. o-covLO<; KareLXrjfifievof; ev roL<; BeafKOTrjpioif; rov ^epcovo;,ov (fyacrtreXecorara dvOpcoircov (f)iXo(TO<pf]- aai, Kal (f)avepM(; jiev ov BieXeyovro d\X7JXoi<;, Trapairrjaafievov rov X'lovawiLov rovro, oo? /jlt) d/jL<f)o) KCvBvvevaeiav, e7rco-roXL/jia[ov<; Be ra? ^vvov- 458 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV whole of Rome was mourning with him, for the chap. maiden belonged to a consular family. Apollonius ^^^ then witnessing their grief, said : " Put down the bier, for I will stay the tears that vou are shedding; for this maiden." And withal he asked what was her name. The crowd accordingly thought that he was about to deliver such an oration as is commonly delivered as much to grace the funeral as to stir up lamentation ; but he did nothing of the kind, but merely touching her and whispering in secret some spell over her, at once woke up the maiden from her seeming death ; and the girl spoke out loud, and returned to her father's house, just as Alcestis did when she was brought back to life by Hercules. And the relations of the maiden wanted to present him with the sum of 150,000 sesterces, but he said that he would freely present the money to the young lady by way of a dowry. Now^ whether he detected some spark of life in her, which those who were nursing her had not noticed,— for it is said that although it was raining at the time, a vapour went up from her face — or whether life was really extinct, and he restored it by the warmth of his touch, is a mysterious problem which neither I myself nor those who were present could decide. XLVI About this time Musonius lay confined in the chap. XL VI dungeons of Nero, a man who thev say was unsur- ^, o J » » Lorres- passed in philosophic ability by anyone. Now they pondence did not openly converse with one another, because ji^^lsonius Musonius declined to do so, in order that both their lives might not be endangered ; but they carried on 459 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. crta? iTTOLOvvro, (boi,T(ovTO<; e? to heaiKDTiipLov tov XLVI Mez/tTTTTOu Kol TOV AdfjLtSo^. Ttt? 8e ou^ i;7re/) /jLeyaXcov eVtcrroXa? idcravre'^, Ta<; dvayjcaLa<i rrapadrjao/jLeda kcl^ o)v virdp'^et KariZelv n fu-eya' AiroWcopiof; M.ov(tcovI(j) (f)ikoa6(f)u> ')(aipeiv. l^ovXo/jbat irapa ae a<^iKoiJi€vo<; Koivcovrjaai croi Xoyov /cat areyrj^;, w? rt ovrjaaiiii ere* e'l ye fit] din- aT€L<;, oi)9 'Hpa/cX?}? iroTe Srjo-ea e^ "AcSov eXf ere, ypdcpe, TV ^ovXei. eppcocro. Mofcrcyj'to? 'A7roX\coz//oi) (f^tXoaocpa) 'y^aipetv. flv fjbev evevor)Or)^y diroKeiaerai aoi eiraivo'^, dvr)p Be VTro/JLelvaf; dirdXoyiav koI ft>9 ovhev dBcKel 8et^a9 euvTov. eppcoao. ATToWoovcof; ^ovacovLO) (f)i\oa6(f)(t) ')(aipeLi'. Xco/cpdT7]<; 6 ^ Adrjvalo<; viro tmv eavrov <^i\(iiv XvOrjvat fA,rj ^ovXTjOei^, iraprfXOe /lev 69 hiKacTTrj- piov, direOave Be. eppayao. yiova(ovco<; ^ AttoXXcovlo) (j^iXocrocpa) x^lpecv. ^cofcpdTr]<; aTreOavev, eirel /xr) irapecrKevao-ev e<i diroXoyiav eavrov, eyco Be diroXoyvicroyiAXi. eppooao. \ 460 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV a correspondence through Menippus and Damis^ Avho chap. went to and fro the prison. Such of their letters as ^^'^^ did not handle great themes I will take no notice of, and only set before my reader the more important ones in which we get glimpses of lofty topics : " Apollonius to Musonius the philosopher, greeting. " I would fain come unto you, to share your conversation and your lodgings, in the hope of being some use to you ; unless indeed you are disinclined to believe that Hercules once released Theseus from hell ; write what you would like me to do. Farewell." " Musonius to Apollonius the philosopher sends greeting. " For your solicitude in my behalf, I shall never do anything but commend you : but he who has waited patiently to defend himself, and has proved that he has done no wrong is a true man. Farewell." " Apollonius to Musonius the philosopher sends greeting. " Socrates of Athens, because he refused to be released by his own friends, went before the tribunal, and was put to death. Farewell." " Musonius to Apollonius the philosopher sends greeting. " Socrates was put to death, because he would not take the trouble to defend himself ; but I shall defend myself. Farewell." 461 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS XLVII CAP. 'EfeXaui^ovTO? Be e? rrjv 'KWdSa tov ^epo)vo<;, KoX 7rpo/cr]pv^avTO<; Srjfioaia fjbrjBeva i/uL<f)tXoao(l)€2v rfi 'Fcofirj, Tpeirerai o ^ATroWoovcof; iirl ra iaTrepia Tr}? yrj^i, a (t>aaiv opi^eaOai TaL<; ZrrjXaL^;, Ta<i d/jL7ra)T6C<; tov ^flKeavov eTToyfrofieiwf; koI rd TdSeipa. Kol fydp n KoX irepl (f)t\ooro(f)La<i roiv eKeivri dvOpco- TTdyv yKovev, co? e? ttoXv tov Oeiov irporfKovTayv, 7]Ko\ovdr)aav Be avTO) ol yvcopifioL irdvTe^ eiraiv- ovvT€<i fcal T7)v dirohrifjiiav Koi tov dvSpa. 462 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV XLVII When Nero took his departure for Greece, after chap. issuing a proclamation that no one should teach philo- sophy in public at Rome, Apollonius turned his steps spaiif ^ to the Western regions of the earth, which they say are bounded by the Pillars, because he wished to visit and behold the ebb and flow of the ocean, and the city of Gadeira. For he had heard something of the love of wisdom entertained by the inhabitants of that country, and of how great an advance they had made in religion ; and he was accompanied by all his pupils, who approved no less ot" the expedition than they did of the sage. 463 BOOK V """■■ •• E' CAP. Uepl Be TMV %Tr)\(t)v, a<; opta r?)? 7% top 'Hpa- K\ea (f)aal inj^aadai,, ra fiev fivOcoBr) iw, ra 3' aKorj<; t€ Kol \6yov d^ca SrjXooaco /jLoWov ^vpco- ttt;? Kal At/Svrjf; UKpai araBlcov e^rJKOvra TropO/iov iirexovo'CiL tov ^VlKeavov e? ra eao) TreXdjrj (f)epov(Ti, Kol TTjv fiev T?}? Ac^vr}(; dfcpav, ovofia he avrfj "AjBtPva, \eovTe<; vTrepvefiovrac irepl ra? 6(j)pv<; to)v opcbv, a eaco virep(j)aiveTaL, ^vvdiTTOvaav TTyoo? TaiTOv\ov(; Kal Tlyya^ d/jL(f)(o Orjpioohy^ koX Ai^vkol eOvrj, Trapareivei 8e eairXeovTi. tov ^Q^Keavov fie^^pi- fxev TMV eK^o\(ov tov SaXr)Ko<; ivvaKocna aTaSta, TO 8e ivTevdev ovk dv ^vpufiaXoc ti,<; oiroaa, fieTa yap TOP TTOTa/jLov tovtov d^t,o<; rj AtjSvr] Kal ovkItl dvOpwTroi. TO Be t?}? Eu^cottt^? aKpcoTr^pcov, o KaXecTac KaX7ri9, Be^ia puev e'ne')(ei, tov eairXov, aTahiwv e^aKoaucov /xrJKo^;, Xijyet Se €9 to, dp')(ala Vdhsipa, 466 BOOK V Now in regard to the Pillars which they say chap. Hercules fixed in the ground as limits of the earth, I shall omit mere tables, and confine myself to record- the Pillars ing what is worthy of our hearing and of our nar- °^ Hercules rating. The extremes of Europe and Libya border on a strait sixty stadia wide, through which the ocean is admitted into the inner seas. The extremity of Libya, which bears the name Abinna, furnishes a haunt to lions, who hunt their prey along the brows of the mountains Avhich are to be seen rising inland, and it marches with the Gaetuli and Tingae, both of them wild Libyan tribes ; and it extends as you sail into the ocean as far as the mouth of the river Salex, some nine hundred stadia, and beyond that point a further distance which no one can compute, because when you have passed this river Libya is a desert which no longer supports a population. But the promontory of Europe, known as Calpis, stretches along the inlet of the ocean on the right hand side a distance of six hundred stadia, and terminates in the ancient city of Gadeira. 467 H H 2 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS II CAP. Ta? 3e Tov ^0./c6avou t/potto,? fcal avTo<; fxev irepl Ke\,TOv<; elBov, oirolai Xeyovrai, rrjv Be alrtav iirl TToWa eiKa^cov, Sl* fjv diTetpov ovray 7r€\a<yo<; eVtp^^ft)- pet T€ /cat avaaTTCLTat, Sokcj jjlol tov ^AttoWcovlop i7Tea/c6(j)0aL to 6v. iv fiua 'yap tS)v irpcx; ^lvSov<; eTTiaToXcov tov ^VtKeavov (f)7jaLV v(f)vSpoL<; iXavvo- fxevov TTvevfiaatv etc ttoWcov ^acryLtarwy, a vii avT(p T€ fcal irepl avTov rj yi] 7rape')(eTai, -y^wpelv 6? TO efw KoX ava^wpelv irakiv, inrecSav oiairep daOfjia virovo(TTi]ar) to irvevjjia. TnaTOVTai he avTO KCLK. TMV voaovvTcov irepl Tdheipa' tov yap ')(^p6vov, ov irXrip^jivpel to vScop, ovk aTToXeiTTOvaiv al -^Irv^al tov^ aTroOvijaKovTa';, oirep ovk av ^vp-- ^aivetv, el p,r) koI irvevp^a ttj yy iirex^P^f" ^ ^^ irepl T-qv aeXrjvrfv (paal (^alveaOai TLKTop.evrjv re Kal TrXrjpovpLevrjv /cat (fiOlvovaav, TavTa irepl tov ^Q^Keavov olSa, to, yap eKeivr}<; dviaot fieTpa, ^vp,- pLLVuOwv avTTj Kal ^vp.7r\r]povp.evo<;. Ill CAP. 'Hp^epa S* eKhe)(eTaL vvKTa Kal vv^ ttjv rjp^epav irepl KeXroi'? p,ev KaT oXiyov virain6vT0<; tov (TKOTOV^ rj TOV </)a)T09, cjairep evTavOa, irepl TdBetpa Be Kal ^TTjXa^; d6p6(o<; XeyovTai to?? 6^6aXp.ol^ 468 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V II Now I myself have seen among the Celts the chap. ocean tides just as they are described ; and after 1 . . • ,* I J. 1 . Remarks makmg various conjectures about why so vast a the Tides bulk of waters recedes and advances, I have come to the conclusion that Apollonius discerned the real truth. For in one of his letters to the Indians he says that the ocean is driven by submarine influences or spirits out of several chasms which the earth affords both underneath and around it, to advance outwards, and to recede again, whenever the influence or spirit, like the breath of our bodies, gives way and recedes. And this theory is confirmed by the course run by diseases in Gadeira ; for at the time of high water the souls of the dying do not quit their bodies, and this would hardly happen, he says, unless the influence or spirit I have spoken of was advancing towards the land. They also tell you of certain phenomena of the ocean in connection with the phases of the moon, according as it is born and reaches fulness and wanes. These phenomena I verified, for the ocean exactly keeps pace with the size of the moon, decreasing and increasing with her. Ill And whereas the day succeeds the night and night CHAP, succeeds the day in the land of the Celts by a very ^^^ slow diminution of the darkness and of the light S'^unseT^ respectively, as in this country ; in the neighbourhood ai^i dawn of Gadeira on the contrary and of the Pillars, it is said that the change bursts upon the eyes all at 469 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. i/jLTTLTTTeiv, oicjiTep at acnpairai. (paal Se fcal ra^; MaKcipcDV vrjGOv^ opi^eaOai rw Al^vkw reppbari TTyoo? TO aoiK7]TOV ctveyovGa^ aKpcoTT^piov, IV CAP. Ta he Vahetpa Kelrai piev Kara to Trj<; EvpooTrrjf; reppia, TrepCTTol Be elai ra Oela' <yi]p(0<; ovv ficop^ov iSpwraL KoX Tov Odvarov pbovot avOpcoTTcov 7ratQ)VL- ^ovrat, jScopiol Be eKel fcal 7revia<; koI Te'xyr}^ teal 'Rpafc\eov<; AlyvTrrlov koI erepoo rod ^rj^aiov TOV pLev yap eVl ttjv eyyu? ^EpvOeiav iXdaac (paalv, OTe Brj TOV Trjpvovrjv t€ teal Ta<; ^ov<; eXelv, tov Be aocpia BovTa yrjv dvapLeTprjaacrOaL iraaav e? Tepp.a. KoX pLTjv fcal 'EWr)ViKov<; elvai (paat tcl TdBeopa /cat TTaiBevecrOai tov rjpLeBaTrbv Tpoirov daird^eo-Oac yovv ^ AOrjvalov^ 'EWrjvcov /xaXtcrra, koI Mevep-Oel TM 'AOrjvalcp Oveiv, koI (depLcaTOKXea Be tov vav- paxov ao(f)La<; t€ koX dvBpela^ dyaaOevTe<; ^^Xkovv iBpvvTaL evvovv koI coGirep 'Xp7]apS e<f)L<7TdvTa. V CAP. 'iBelv Koi BevBpa (^taalv evTavda, ola ovx eTepMOi T^9 7^9, ical Vijpvoveia pLev KoKelaOat avTd, Bvo 470 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V once^ like a flash of lightning. And they also say chap. that the Islands of the Blessed are bounded by the ^^^ limits of Libya and emerge towards the uninhabited promontory. IV Now the city of Gadeira is situated at the extreme chap. TV end of Europe, and its inhabitants are excessively given to religion ; so much so that they have set up o/oadeira'^ an altar to old age, and unlike any other race they sing hymns in honour of death ; and altars are found there set up to poverty, and to art, and to Hercules of Egypt, and there are others in honour of Hercules the Theban. For they say that the latter penetrated as far as the neighbouring city of Erythea, on which occasion he took captive Geryon and his cows ; and they say that in his devotion to wisdom he traversed the whole earth up to its limits. They say moreover its that there is a Hellenic culture at Gadeira, and ^ en^sm that they educate themselves in our own fashion ; anyhow, that they are fonder of the Athenians than of any other Hellenes, and they offer sacrifice to Menestheus the Athenian, and from admiration of Themistocles the naval commander, and to honour him for his wisdom and bravery, they have set up a brazen statue of him in a lifelike attitude and, as it were, pondering an oracle. They say also that they saw trees here such as are chap. not found elsewhere upon the earth ; and that these 471 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Se elvai, ^veaOac Be rov <7?;/xaT09, o eVt toS Trjp- vovr) 6crT7]K€, TTapaWaTTOvra i/c Trtruo? re A:al 7r€VKr)<; e? 623o9 erepov, XeijBecrQaL he aifxarLy KaOdirep tw ')(pvcrw rrjv 'HXcdSa atyeipov. rj Be vi]ao<;, ev fj to lepov, ecrn [lev OTroarj o v€co<;, ire- rpcoBe^; Be avTrj<; ovBev, dWa ^aX/SlBi ^earfj eiKaGTai. ev Be to5 lepQ) TLjidaOaL fiev dficpa) tco 'UpaKXee (paauv, dydXfiara Be avrotv ovk elvac, ^(OjJLoi)^ Be Tov fiev AlyviTTiov Bvo ')(^d\KOv<; Koi dai]jjbov<i, eva Be tov ^Tj^alov — tcl^; Be vBpa<; re Kal ra? ALOfi7]Bov(; 'lttttov^; koI to. BcoBeKa 'H^a- K\eov<; epya eKTeTVirwaOai (paai /cdvTavOa — \idov ovTa. Tj TIvy/jLa\L(ovo<; Be ekaia rj ')(^pvcrij, dvd- KCLTac Be fcdKeivrj e? to iipdKXeiov, d^la fiev, o)? (paai, Kal tov OaXkov davfid^ecv, (L ecKacTTac, 6avfxd^ea0ai 8' dv eVt tw Kapirw fjudWov, jSpveiv yap avTov (TfiapdyBov \iOov. Kal TevKpov tov Te\afio)vlov ^coaTTjpa ^(^pvaovv (paac BeiKwaOai, 770)9 Be €9 TOV ^VlKeavov irXevcravTO^; rj icf)' 6 tl, ovT€ avTo^ Ad/jLi<^ ^vviBelv (prjaLv ovTe €K€ivcov aKOvaai. Ta9 Be ev Ta> lepw aTTjXa'^ ')(pvaov fxev TTeiroirjadai Kal dpyvpov ^vvTeTrjKOTOiv 69 ev ')(pcb/jLa, elvai Be avTd<^ vwep tttj^vv TeTpaycovov Te')(y7)<^, coairep ol aKfiove^, e7TLyeypd(f)0ac Be Ta9 Ke(l)aXd<; ovTe Klyv7TTiOL<^ ovTe ^IvBlkoc^; ypd/jLfjLaaov, ovTe oioi<; ^vfi^aXelv. 6 Be ^AttoXXcovco^;, 0)9 ovBev 01 lepels ecppa^ov, " ov ^vyX^P^^ fjioi," e<f>7], " 6 472 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V were called trees of Gervon. There were two of chap. them, and they grew upon the mound raised over Geryon : they were a cross between the pitch tree of Geryon and the pine, and formed a third species ; and blood dripped from their bark, just as gold does from the Heliad poplar. Now the island on which the shrine is built is of exactly the same size as the temple, and there is not a rough stone to be found in it, for the whole of it has been given the form of a polished platform. In the shrine thev say there is maintained Altars of a cult both of one and the other Hercules, though there are no images of them ; altars however there are, namely, to the Egyptian Hercules two of bronze and perfectly plain, to the Theban, one of stone ; on the latter they say are engraved in relief hydras and the mares of Diomede and the twelve labours of Hercules. And as to the golden olive of Pygmalion, it too is preserved in the temple of Hercules, and it excited their admiration by the clever way in which the branch work was imitated ; and they were still more astonished at its fruit, for this teemed with emeralds. And they say that the girdle of Girdle of Teucer of Telamon was also exhibited there of gold, but how he ever sailed as far as the ocean, or why he did so, neither Damis by his own admission could understand nor ascertain from the people of the place. But he says that the pillars in the temple were made of gold and silver smelted together so as to be of one colour, and they were over a cubit high, of square form, resembling anvils ; and their capitals were inscribed with letters which were neither Egyptian nor Indian nor of any kind which he could decipher. But Apollonius, since the priests would tell him nothing, remarked : "Hercules 473 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. 'Y{pa/c\i](; 6 Alyv7rTio<; fir) ov \eyeiv, oiroaa olBa' r?}? Kal ^O.K€avov ^vv8ecr/jL0L alSe at arifkal elacv, eireypd'^aTO he avra^; eK6tvo<; iv ^lotpcov ot/co), 009 yL67;T6 velKO<; rot? crro^^etoi? iyyevoiro fjbrjTe aTLfid- aeiav rrjv (piXoryra, rjv dWrfKwv Xa'^^ovaivT VI ^yj^' ^a(j\ he Kal rov Trorafibv dvairXoiaaL tov Ba?- TLVy 09 hrfkol /jboXccTTa rijv tov flfceavov (pixTLV eireLhav yap Tfkrj/jL/jbvprj to 7reXa709, eirl Ta<; irTjyaf} 6 7roTa/jio<; iraXippovi; leTai, 7rvev/jiaT0<; hrjirov aTrco- Oovfievov avTov tt}? OaXaTTrj^. tyjv he rjireipov Tr)v HaLTtKijv, '^9 6 7roTa/xo9 OUT09 6/jLcovv/jLO<;, dpLo-TTjv r]Treip(t3V (paal, iroXecov t€ yap ev e')(eLV Kal vojXMV, Kal hirJxOaL tov iroTa/jbov €9 to, aaTT) irdvTa, yewpyia<^ re ^vfiTrdarjf; /xeaTijv elvai Kai (hpcov, olai T^9 'ATTt/c?79 al fieTOTTcopcval re xal pbV(TT7]pL(i)Tihe<^, VII CAP. AiaXe^ei^ he tS ' A7roXX(ovLO) irepl tmv eKel irapa- VII ^ t ^ ireaovTCdv 6 Adfitf; TrXetov^; /xev yeveaOai (prjaLV, d^ia<; he tov dvaypd^lrai Tdahe' KaOr)/jLev(ov ttotc avTOiV €9 TO 'YipdKXeiov dvayeXdaa^ 6 Mei/i7r7ro9, dvafiefjbvrjTO he dpa tov Nepcovof;, " rt, ^</>^» " tov yevvalov rjydy/jLeOa; Tiva^;, ecpy, "eaTecpavctxrOaL tmv 474 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V of Egypt does not permit me not to tell all I know. chap. These pillars are ties between earth and ocean, and they were inscribed by Hercules in the house of the inscriptions Fates, to prevent any discord arising between the elements, and to save their mutual affection for one another from violation." VI They tell also of how they sailed up the river chap. Baetis, which throws no little light upon the nature ^^ of the ocean. For whenever it is high tide, the of^B^tica'^ river in its course remounts towards its sources, because apparently a current of air drives it away from the sea. And the mainland of Baetica, after which this river is called, is the best by their account of any continent ; for it is well furnished with cities and pastures, and the river in its course visits all the towns, and it is very highly cultivated with all sorts of crops ; and it enjoys a climate similar to that of Attica in the autumn season when the mysteries are celebrated. VII The conversations which Apollonius held about chap things which met his eyes were, according to ^^^ Damis, many in number, but the following he said deserve to be recorded. On one occasion they were Discussion sitting in the temple of Hercules and Menippus aud the gave a laugh, for it happened that Nero had just Olympic come into his mind, " And what," he said, "are we ^^™*^^ to think of this splendid fellow ? In which of the 475 FLAVIUS PHILOSTHATUS CAP. aycovcov; tov<; Be ^€\Ti(TTOV(;^^KWr)va^ ov ^vv oXqy yeXcoTi (poirdv 69 ra? Travi^yvpei^; ; " o Be ^AiroWco- vio<;, co<; /jueu eyo), ecprj, leAeaiVOV rjKovoVy oebieu 6 ')(^prj(7To^ Nipcov Ta9 'HXelcov fjudaTLyaf;' irapa- KeXevofievcov yap avrw tmv KoXd/ccov vikolv to, ^OXv/jLTTLa fcal dvaKrjpvTTetv rrjv 'Voy/jiijv, " -^v 76," ecf)!], '* fjLTj ^a(TKijvcocnv 'HXetot, Xeyovrat, yap fxaa- Tiyovv Kal (ppovelv virep eytte," iroWd Be teal aXXa dvorjTorepa tovtcov TTpoavecfxovrjo-ev. eyco Be vikt}- cretv fxev Nepcova ev ^OXv/jLTrla (f>r)/jii, rt? yap ovrco Opaavf;, &><? evavriav OeaOai ; ^OXvfiTTca Be ov viKYjaeiv, are firjBe iv copa dyovar irarpiov fiev yap Tol<^ 0\v/jL7rioc<; tov irepvaiv eviavrov 6vT0<i, eKeXevo-e tov<; 'HXetou? ^epcov dvajBaXeaOai avra €9 Tr)v eavTOv einBrjiJbiaVi a)<; eKeivo) fidXXov r) T(p Ad 6vaovTa<;' rpaycoBiav B' eirayyelXat Kai KiOapwBiav dvBpdaiv, ol^ ixrjre Oearpov iari jjbrjre cTKTjvrj 7r/oo9 Ta roiavra, ardBuov Be avTO(f)ve<; Kal yv/jbvd irdvra, tov Be viicav, a ')(^pr) eyKaXvTrrecrdaL, Kal rrjv Avyovarov re Kal ^lovXiov aKevrjv pL'^avra /jLeTa/ji(l)cevvva6ac vvv rrjv ^A/jboi/Seco^; Kal Tepirpov, Ti ^rjaei'^ ; Kal rd fxev Kpeovro^; re Kal OIBlttoBo^ ovrco^ e^aKpL^ovv, (09 BeBieyai, p.rj irrj XdOrj d/jbapTcov 6vpa<; rj (TToXi)^ rj aKrjiTTpov, eavrov 476 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V contests has he won wreaths of late ? Don't you chap. think that self-respectmg Hellenes must shake with ^^' laughter when they are on their way to the festivals?" And ApoUonius replied: "As I have heard from Telesinus_, the worthy Nero is afraid of the whips of the Eleans ; for when his flatterers urged him to win at Olympia and to proclaim Rome as the victor, he answered : ^ Yes^, if the Eleans will only not de- preciate me, for they are said to use whips and to look down upon me.' And many worse bits of nonsense than this forecast fell from his lips. I however admit that Nero will conquer at 01}Tnpia, for who is bold enough to enter the lists against him ? But I deny that he will wm at the Olympic festival, because they are not keeping it at the right season. For custom requires that this should have been held last year, but Nero has ordered the Eleans to put it off until his own visit, in order that they may sacrifice to him rather than to Zeus. And it is said that he has announced a tragedy and a performance on the harp for people who have neither a theatre nor a stage for such entertainments, but only the stadium which nature has provided, and races which are all run by athletes stripped of their clothes. He however is going to take the prize for performances which he ought to have hidden in the dark, for he has thrown off the robes of Augustus and Julius and has dressed himself up in the garb of an Amoebeus and a Terpnus. What can you say of such a record ? And then he betrays such a meticulous care in playing the part of Creon and Oedipus, that he is afraid of falling into some error, of coming in by the wrong door, or of wearing the wrong dress, of using the wrong sceptre ; but he has so entirely forgotten his own dignity and that of 477 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. §£ /cat 'Vcofiaicop ovTO)>i eKTrinrreLv, (09 avri tov vofjLoOeTelv vofMovq aheuv Koi ayeipeiv e^ct) dvpwv, Mv eao) XPV KaOrjaOat tov jBaaiXea ')(^pr]fiaTL^ovTa virep yr](; koX OaXdrTrj^ ; eiaivy co Mei^tTTTre, Tpayfphol TrXetof?, e? 01)9 ^epoyv eavrov <ypd<l>6r tl ovv ; €L Tt9 avTMV /juera tov Olvofiaov rj tov KpeacfiovTi^v d7re\0a)v tov deuTpov, fjL€aTO<; ovtco TOV TTpoacdireiov yevocTO, (09 ap'^etv jxev eTepcov /BoijXeaOaL, Tvpavvov he avTov rjyela-Oai, tl koI (^7ja€t<i TOVTOv ; ap ovk ekXe/Sopov BelaOat koi <j)ap/jLaK07roaLa<i, oiroaT] 701/9 vov<; iKKaOaipet ; el 3 avTOf; Tvpavvevcov €9 TpaycpSov^i koX Te^viTa^^ TCL Trpdy/jbaTa eavTOV dyot, Xeatvcov ttjv (fxovrjv kol SeSioD<; TOV ^aXelov 7) tov AeXc^oz^, 17 pL7] SeSLco^ fiev, KaKOi^ he ovTco<; viroKpivoixevo^ ttjv eavTOv Te'xyriv, ci)9 yu-^ fiacTTcycocreo-OaL vofii^eiv 7rpo<; tovtcov, Siv avTo^ dp)(^etv TCTaKTai, tl tov<; KaKoSai/jLOva<; dv6pw7T0v<^ epeL<; viro tolovtcd KaOdpfiaTC ^cjVTaf; ; T0L<; Be \LWr]<TL Tiva rjyjj, w MevcTTTre ; iroTepa aep^Tjv KaTaTTL/jLTrpdvTa rj l^epcova aSovTa ; el yap iv6v/jL7jOeir)(; Tr)v dyopdv, fjv 69 Ta9 eKeivov (phd^i ^v/x(f)epovo-i, koI 0)9 e^wOovvTai tmv oIklmv KoX ft>9 OVK e^eaTL aTTovhalov ovhev rj (TKevo<^ rj avSpdiroBov avTol<; TreTrdaOai, irepl yvvaioL^ Te koI iraicrlv a)<; Seivd TreiaovTai Ta9 i7nppiJT0V<; rjSovd(; ef dirdar]'^ olKia<; €K\eyovTO<; tov ^epQ)vo<;, SUat Te ft)9 TToWal dvaipvaovTai, kol Ta<; fxev aXXa<; ea, Ta9 Be iiTL Tol<; 6edTpoL<; koX Tal^ a>Sat9' ovk rjXSef; dKpoaa6fievo<; lSepo)vp<iy rj iraprjaOa fiev, pq-Ovfioi^i 478 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V the Romans, that instead of carrying on tlie work of chap. making laws, he has taken to singing, and strolls like ^ ^^ a player outside the gates within which the Emperor ought to take his seat on his throne, deciding the fate of land and sea. There are, O Menippus, several troupes in which Nero has inscribed himself as an actor. What next ? Supposing any one of these actors quitted the theatre after playing Oenomaus or Cresphontes, so full of his part as to want to rule others, and imagine himself to be a tyrant, what would you say of him ? Surely you would recom- mend a dose of hellebore and the taking of drugs of a kind to clear the intellect ? Well, here is the man himself who wields absolute power, throwing in his lot with actors and artists, cultivating a soft voice and trembling before the people of Elis or of Delphi ; or if he does not tremble, yet misrepresenting his art so thoroughly as not to anticipate he will be whipped by the people over whom he has been set to rule. What will you say of the unhappy people who have to live under such a scum ? And in what light do you think the Hellenes regard him ? Is it as a Xerxes burning their houses down or as a Nero singing songs ? Think of the supplies they have to collect for his songs, and how they are thrust out of their houses and forbidden to own a decent bit of furniture or slave. Think of how Nero picks out of every other house women and children, to gratify his infamous desires, and of the horrors they will suffer over them, of the crop of prosecutions which will be brought, and without dwelling upon the rest, just fix your atten- tion upon those which will arise out of his theatrical and singing ambitions. This is what you hear : ' You did not come to listen to Nero,' or : ^ You were 479 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Se 7]KpOM, fc'^eXa?, ovk eKpOTrjaa^, ov/c eOvaa^i vTrep T^9 <^(jdvrj<;, Iva JlvOcoBe Xa/XTrpoTepa eXOor TToWai aoL Bo^ovac dearoiyv 'IXiaSe? irepl tov^ "KXX,7}va<i eivai. TO yap TeTjjLrjaeadai top ^YaOjjbov rj ov Ter/jbrjaeaOai, Te/jLverao Be, ft>9 (f)a(Tt, vvv, iraXai TTpov/jLaOov 6 60V ^TjvavTO'^.^^ v7ro\a^a)v ovv 6 Ad/jLc<;, " a)OC e/xotye," ecf^rj, ** w ^ATroWcovce, to irepl Trjv TOfir^v epyov vTrep^covelv Bofcel to, Nepcovof; iravTa, rj yap Bidvoia opa^, co? p^eyaXr)^ " BoKec /J,6V, ecpT), Ka/jLOL, (o IlafjLL, TO 06 aT6A,e9 avTr]<; capaXXet avTov,^co<; areA-r; fiev abovTa, aTeXi) be opvTTOVTa. TOL TOi 'Bip^ov dva\6y6/JLevo<; eiraLvo) TOP dvBpa, 01)^ OTi Tov 'KWrjairovTOV e^ev^ev, dX}C OTL Bie^rj avTov, l^ipcova Be ovTe rrXevaov- fievov Bta TOV 'Icr^/xoO opco ovt6 e? Tepfia ri)? opv^Tjf; Tj^ovTa, Bokcl Be /jloc Kal (^opov fJueaTO^ dva')((iyprjaai Tr]<; EXXa^o?, el /jLT) tj aXrjOeia (iTToXcoKev .^ VIII CAP. ^A(j)iKo/jLevov Be tcvo<; e? TdBetpa jxeTa TavTa TMV Tov<; Tax^^'^ BiaOeovTCdv Bp6p,ov<;,Ka\ KeXevovTO^; evayyeXiaOveLv TpLaoXvfnrioviKriv^epcDva aBovTa^, TOL fxev TdBetpa ^vvieo Trj<; viK7)<; Kal otl ev ApKaBla 480 VIII LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V present, but you listened to him without enthusiasm/ chap. 'You laughed/ or 'You did not clap your hands/ ^^^ or ' You have not offered a sacrifice in behalf of his voice nor prayed that it may be more splendid than ever at the Pythian festival.' You can imagine that the Greeks will endure whole Iliads of woe at these spectacles. For I have long ago learned by the revela- tion of heaven that the Isthmus will be cut through or will not be cut through, and just now, they say, it is being cut." Here Damis took him up and said : As for myself, O Apollonius, I think this scheme of cutting through the Isthmus excels all other under- takings of Nero, for you yourself see how magnificent a project it is." I admit," he said, "that it is, O Damis ; but it will go against him that he never could complete it, that just as he never finished his songs, so he never finished his digging. When I review the career of Xerxes, I am disposed to praise him not because he bridged the Hellespont, but because he got across it ; but as for Nero, I perceive that he will neither sail his ships through the Isthmus, nor ever come to an end of his digging ; and I believe, unless truth has wholly departed from among men, that he will retire from Hellas in a fit of panic." VIII At this time a swift runner arrived at Gadeira, and chap. ordered them to offer sacrifices for the good tidings, ^^^^ and to sing hymns in honour of Nero who had thrice fmp?essions won the prize at Olympia. In the city of Gadeira of Nero's indeed they understood the meaning of the victory, victories and that there had been some famous contest in 481 VOL. I. 11 FLA VI LIS PHILOSTRATUS CAP: Tt9 eh] aya)v evSoKLfioi;, eireihr], o)^ elirov, t'9 ra ' F^Wijvcov airevhovaiv, al he 7r6Xec<; al TrpoaoLfcoL T0i9 VaSeLpot<^ ovre eylyvcoaKov 6 tl etr) ra ^OXvjjl- iria, ovh^ 6 TL dycovla rj ayuiv, ovSe 6<^' oro) 6vov<jlv, aW (iTrrjyovTO 69 yeXoLov^;, So^a<^ iroKifxov ViKr}v riyovyuevoL ravra kol on ^epcov ypiJKoi Ttm9 dv9p(ji)7rov<;'0\v/ji7riov(;' ovSe yap TpayoiSla*; irore rj KiOapfpSlaf; Oearal eyeyovecrav. CAP. Toi'9 yovv OLKOvvra<; ra ^'YiroXa, 7roXi<; Se KaKeuirq ^aiTLKT), <p7)alv Ad/jLL<!i iraOelv tl 7r/)09 Tpaya)BLa<} virofcpLTTjv, ov KCLfie a^Lov i7rL/jLV7]a07]vaL' Ovovawv yap TMV TToXeoyv Oafxd eirl Tal<; vLKaL<;, eVetS^ Kal al UvOcKal 7]Br) diri^yyeWovTO, Tpaya)8La<; vtto- KpLT7]<; TOiV ovK d^LOv/jLevcov dvTaycdVi^eaO aL tw ^epcovL eirrjeL Ta.9 eaTrepiov^; 7r6X€L<; dyetpcov, fcal TTJ Te^vT) '^poo^evo's rjvSoKL/jLeL irapa toI<; tjttov ^ap^dpoL<^, TrpcoTov fiev 8l avTo to rjKeLV irap dvOpdjirov^, oc fJLTjTTO) Tpaya)8ia<; r^KOvaav, elT iireLSr) Ta9 Ne/)a)i/09 /xeXft)5/a9 d/cpL^ovv €(f)a(T/c€. irapeXOoiv he 69 tcl "liroXa (fio^epo^ fxev avTol^ €(f)alveTO Kal ov eatcoTra ')(^povov ewL t?}9 crKrjvi]^;, /cal 6p(x}VTe<^ ol dvOpcoTTOL jSahi^ovTa pbev avTov fjieya, Ke')(7)v6Ta he ToaovTov, e'^ecrrwra he oKpi- 482 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V Arcadia ; for, as I said before, the people of Gadeira chap. affect Hellenic civilisation. But the cities in the ^^^' neighbourhood of Gadeira neither knew what the Olympic festival was, nor what a contest nor an arena meant ; nor did they understand what they were sacrificing for, but they indulged in the most ridiculous supj^ositions, and imagined that it was a victory in war that Nero had won and that he had taken captive some men called Olympians ; for they had never been spectators either of a tragedy or of a harp-playing j)erformance. IX Damis indeed speaks of the singular effect which chap. a tragic actor produced upon the minds of the inhabitants of Ipola, which is a city of Baetica, and tragic sector I think the story is worthy of being reproduced by ^^ ^^ me. The cities were multiplying their sacrifices in ipoia honour of the Emperor's victories, for those at the Pythian festival were already announced, when an actor of tragedy, who was one of those that had not ventured to contend for the prize against Nero, was on a strolling tour rouiid the cities of the west, and by his histrionic talent he had won no small fame among the less barbarous of the populations, for two reasons, firstly because he found himself among people who had never before heard a tragedy, and secondly because he pretended exactly to reproduce the melodies of Nero. But when he appeared at Ipola, they showed some fear of him before he ever opened his lips upon the stage, and they shrank in dismay at his appearance when they 483 1 [ 2 X FLAVaUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. /3aaip ovTco'i v-^r]\ol'^ reparooSr) re ra irepl avrov ecrdyjfjLara, ov/c a(j>oj3oL rjaav rov a^7j/iiaT0<i, eVet 8e i^dpa<; ttjv (pcovrjv yeycovov 6(f)6ey^aTO, (pvyf) oi ifKelcTTOL a>'^ovTO, coairep vtto Bai/uLOVO^ ifi^orjOevre^;. Tocavra fiev ra ijOrj roiv ravrj] jBap^dpwv Kat oi/TOJ? dp)(aia. X CAP. '^TTOvBrjv Se Troiov[xevov rov rrjv ^aiTLKr^v ein- Tpo7r€vovTO<; e? ^vvovaiav to3 XiroWcovup iXOelv, 6 fiev drjBel^; ecjirj Ta.9 ^vvovaia<; Ta9 iavrov (^aiveadai rot? fxr) (^i\.oao<^ov(JLV, o he 7rpocre/c€LTO atTMv TOVTO' €77 el Bk ^/^r/cTTO? re elvai ekeyero kol Sia^e^Xrjfievo^ 7r/309 tou? ^epcovo^ /jll/jLov^;, ypd(j)et. Trpo? avrov eiriaroKijv XttoWoovco';, iv e? ra TdSecpa eXOoiy 6 Be d(pe\cdv rov rrjf; dpxv^ oyKOV ^vv oK.iyoi'^ Kol eavro) iTnrrjBecordroc^ rfkOev. daTTacrdfMevoi Be dWr)\ov<; Kal /jLeraarrjcrd/nevoL rov<; rrapovra^;, 6 re jxev Bie\e')(Pr}aav, ovBeU olBe, re/c/jLalperaL Be 6 Ad/jbL<; eirl 'Nepoyva ^v/jL/Sfjvai, €r(f)d<;. rpiMV yap rjjjiepoyv IBia a7rovBdaavre<^, jiev drrrjet Trepc^aXoov rov WttoWcovlov, Be,
    • eppcocro,^^ e(j>r], *' Kal fxe/jLvrjao rov BuvBiKOi;. ri
Be rovro rjv ; errl l^epcova ev 'A%ata aBovra ra eOvrj ra ecnrepca Xeyerac KLvrjaat BlvBc^, dvrjp olo<^ eKre/jLelv ra<; vevpd^;, a? ^epcov dfiaOco^; e-yjraWe, 7r/309 yap ra arparoireBa, 0I9 eirereraKro, \oyov Kar avrov BtijXOev, ov eK rrdvv yevvaLa<; (juXo- ao(f)La(; eVt rvpavvov av ri^ irvevaeiev e</>?; yap 484 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V saw him striding across the stage^ with his mouth all chap. agape, mounted on buskins extra high, and clad in the most wonderful garments ; but when he lifted up his voice and bellowed out loud, most of them took to their heels, as if they had a demon yelling at them. Such and so old-fashioned are the- manners of the barbarians of that country. X The governor of Baetica was very anxious to have chap. a conversation with ApoUonius, and though the , , Interview latter said that his conversation must seem tedious with the to any but philosophers, the other insisted in his Baetica"it'^ demand. And as he was said to be a worthy person Gadeira and to detest the mimes of Nero, ApoUonius wrote to him a letter asking him to come to Gadeira ; and he, divesting himself of all the pomp of authority, came with a few of his most intimate friends. They greeted one another, and no one knows what they said to one another in an interview from which they excluded the rest of the company ; but Dami-j hazards the opinion that they formed a plot together against Nero. For after three days spent in private conversations, the governor went away, after em- bracing ApoUonius, while the latter said : ." Farewell, and do not forget Vindex." Now what was the meaning of this ? When Nero was singing in Achaea, Vindex is said to have stirred up against him the nations of the West, and he was a man (juite capable of cutting out the strings which Nero so ignorantly twanged. For he addressed a speech, inspired by the loftiest sentiments which a man can feel against a tyrant, to the troops which he XI FLAVIUS PHJLOSTRATUS CAP. 'Nepcova elvau Trdvra fidWov 77 Kidapwhov koX /ccOapoiSov fidWov 7) ^aaiXea. 7rpo(f)ep€tv Be avTa> fjuaviav jxev koI (piXo'X^pyjfiaTiav kol o)/jLOTr)Ta koI acriXyetav irdaav, to Se (o/jLorarov twv eKeivov /jltj 7rpo(f)€p€cv avTM' rrjv yap firjrepa iv Bikt) direKTO- vevaL, eTTeihr) tolovtov €T€K€. ravr ovv co? earai irpoyi'yvdiaKwv 6 'A7roXXwi/to9, ^vverarre tw^lvBikl ojjbopov dp')(^ovTa, iJLOVOVOV)(l oifka virep Trj<; 'Vo)/jir]<; Tidefievof;. XI CAP, ^XeyfiaivovTCdv he tmv irepl rrjv ecnrepav, rpe- TTovrai TO ivTevdev eirl AcjSvijv /cat Tvpprjvoix;, Koi TOb jiev ire^fj ffaBl^ovTe^;, to, he eVt irXoioyv iropevo- fjuevoL KaTi(7')(ovaiv iv %LKe\ia, ov to AiXv^acov. 7rapa7r\evaavTe<; Se eVl ^leaaijvrjv re fcal iropO/jLov, evOa 6 Tvppr)vb<; ^ A.hpla ^Vfji^dWct)V 'X^aXeTrrjv ipyd^ovTat Trjv ^dpv^hiv, aKOvaai <^aaLV, w? ^ep(ov fJLev 7re<f)€vyoL, TeOvrjKot he BtVStf, utttoivto oe T?79 cLpXV^ ^'^ H'^^ ^b ^y^V^ rco/jLT)^, 01 be oirouev Tvyoi TMV eOvMV. epofievcov he avTov twv eTalpcov, ol irpo^TjcroiTo TavTa koI otov Xolttov rj dp')(7] eaoiTO, " TToXXwz^," elire, *' Srj^aocov.^^ Trjv yap l(T')(yv, Tj irpo^ oXiyov BtreXto? re Kai TdX^a<; kol Od(DV expW^^'^^' %r)l3aioL^ e'Uaaev, ot ')(^p6vov KO/jLihrj ^pa')(yv ij^Orjaav e? to, twv 'WXXtJvcop TrpdyfiaTa. 486 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V commanded^ and he declared in it that Nero was chap. anything rather than a harpist^ and a harpist rather ^ than a sovereign. And he taxed him Avith madness and avarice and cruelty and wantonness of every kind, though he omitted to tax him with the cruellest of his crimes ; for he said that he had quite rightly put to death his mother, because she had borne such a monster. Apollonius, forecasting how all this must end, had accordingly brought into line with Vindex the governor of a neighbouring province, and so all but took up arms himself in behalf of Rome. XI But as matters in the west were in such an inflamed chap. XI condition Apollonius and his friends returned thence towards Libya and the Tyrrhenian land ; and, partly short reigns on foot and partly by sea, they made their way to eJb^^^^j^jJd' Sicily, where they stopped at Lilybaeum. Then otho ' they coasted along to Messina and to the Straits, where the junction of the Tyn-henian Sea with the Adriatic gives rise to the dangers of Charybdis. Here they say they heard that Nero had taken to flight, though Vindex was dead ; and that various claimants were snatching at the throne, some from Rome itself, and others from various countries. Now when his companions asked him what would be the issue of thesfe events, and who would get possession, in the end, of the throne, he answered : " Many Thebans will have it." For he compared the pretenders, namely, Vitellius and Galba and Otho, in view of the short lease of power which they enjoyed, to Thebans, for it was only during a very short time that they held dominion over the Hellenic world. 487 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS XII ^^^- 'On fiev yap ra rotavra hai[iovia Kivijcrec irpo- ey i<y v(t)(TKe, koI otl tol<=; yoTjra rov dvSpa rjyov- /jbivoLf; OL'^ vyiaivei o X0709, SrjXol /nev Kal ra elprifjieva, aKeylrco/jueda Se KaKelva' 01 7077T6?, rjyov/jiai 8' avTOV<; iyco KaKoSaifjLOV€(TTdTOV<; av6- p(i)iTa)v, ol fxev e? /Saadvov^; elScoXcov ')(copovvT€<;, 01 €9 uvaLa<; pappapov<;, ol be e? to eiraaai tl rj dXet^jrai,, /jLeraTroLelv (paaL ra el/JLapjjieva, Kal TToWol TOVTOiv KaTr\yopiai<^ v'na')(QkvTe'^ ra TOiavra ojfioXoyrjaav aocpol elvac. 6 Be etirero fiev rolf; eK M.oipa)V, TrpovXeye Be, co? dvdyKrj yeveaOai avrd, TrpoeyiyvwaKe Be ov yorjrevcov, aXx e^ Mv OL tfeoi ecpaivov. tocov oe irapa TOi<; IvBol^; T0U9 TpiiToBa^ Kal Toy<; olvo')(^6ov<; Kal ocra avTOfiara e<j<^oiTdv elirov, ovO^ ottco^ cfoc^i^olvto avrd, r)peTO, ovt eBerjOif] fiaOelv, aXV eirrjvei pAv, L,7]X0VV OVK 7]^L0V. XIII CAP. ^A<f)LKop.ev(ov Be avrcov 69 Ta9 ZvpaKOvaa^; yvvr] TMV OVK axpavojv Tepa<; aireKUTjaev, oiov ovirw epai- evOrj' rpet^ yap tm fBpe^ei Ke^aXal rjaav e^ olKeia<; eKdarr] Bepr}<;, ra Be eir avTal<^ ez/09 Trdvra. ol p^ev Bt) 7ra^eft)9 e^r)yovp.evoL ttjv XiKeXlav €(f)aaav, rpivaKpia ydp, diroXelcjQai, el pur) op^ovoyaeii re 483 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V XII That he was enabled to make such forecasts by some chap. divine impulse, and that it is no sound inference to ^^^ infer, as some people do, that our hero was a wizard, n(?wizard^ is clear from what I have already said. But let us con- i>ecause he sider these facts : wizards, whom for my part I reckon the future to be the most unfortunate of mankind, claim to alter the course of destiny, by having recourse either to the torture of lost spirits or to barbaric sacrifices, or to certain incantations or anointings ; and many of them when accused of such practices have admitted that they were adepts in such practices. But Apollonius submitted himself to the decrees of the Fates, and only foretold that things must come to pass ; and his foreknowledge was gained not by wizardry, but from what the gods revealed to him. And when among the Indians he beheld their tripods and their dumb waiters and other automata, which I described as entering the room of their own accord, he did not ask how they were contrived, nor did he ask to be informed ; he only praised them, but did not aspire to imitate them. XIII Now when they reached Syracuse a woman of a chap leading family was brought to bed of such a monster ^^^^ as never any woman was delivered of before ; for her iieaded^ child had three heads, and each head had a neck of ^^^l^ ^""i 1.11 .1 .1 • 1 1 1 iJ^ SjTacuse its own, but below them there was a single body, portends Of the vulgar and stupid interpretations of this ^oniaii^^ prodigy, one was that it signified the impending ruin Pretenders 489 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. fcal ^vixiTvev(T€L€v — iaraala^ov Be apa iroXXal tcov TToXecov TTyoo? eauTa9 t€ Koi irpo^ oKXrjXa^ Ka\ to iv KOGfjbw l^Tjv aiTrjv T779 vrjaov — ol Be e<^aaav tov Tvcpo), TTo\vKe(^a\ov he elvai, vecorepa aireLXelv rfj ^L/ceXia, 6 Be ^KitoXXcdvlo^, " t^i," €(f)7], " w Adfit, Kol KariBe avro, el ovrco ^vyKetrat.'^ e^eKeiro yap BrjfjLoaia toI<; reparoXoyetv elBoaLv, aTrayyeiXavro^ Be TOV Ad/jLLBo<;, &>? TpiKecpaXov ecr] Kal dppev, ^vvayaycov tou<; eTaipov^, ** T/36t9," ec^^j, " 'Vaifxaicov avTOfcpuTope^iy 01)9 iyco Trpoirjv %rjPaiov<^ ecprjv, TeXeLcoaei Be ovBe\<i to dp')(eLv, dXX ol /lev eV avTrj(i ^Pcofirji;, Be irepl to, Ofiopa ttj Pcw/xt; Bwrj- 6evT€<; diroXovvTai, Oclttov cnrolBaXovTe^; to irpoa- wirelov rj ol tcov TpaywBoyv Tvpavvoi.^^ Kai X0709 avTLKa 69 ^W9 rjXOe' TdXfia^ /lev yap eir avTrj<; 'Pa)fir)(; direOavev d'\lrd/jb€V0<; Trj<; dp')(rj<;, aTreOave Be Kal BtTeXt09 oveLpoirrrkrjaa^i to dp)(^eiv, "09wv Be irepl TOL'9 ecrirepiov<; VaXaTa^; aTToOavoov ovBe Tacpov XafiTTpov eru^ey, aW' odairep IBLcoTTjf; KCiTar BieTTTrj Be t) tv^tj tuvtu evl €T€1. XIV CAP. IlopevOevTe<; Be eirl KaTuvrj^;, ov to opo<; rj AiTVT], KaTavaucov fxev aKOvaal (fyacTLP rjyov fievayv XIV 490 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V of Sicily, — for it has three headlands, — unless the chap inhabitants composed their feuds and could live ^^" together in peace ; for as a matter of fact several of the cities were at variance both with them- selves and with one another^ and such a thing as orderly life was unknown in the island. Another explanation was that Typho, a many- headed monster, was threatening Sicily with his violence. But Apollonius said : ^' Go^ O Damis, and look if the child is really made up as they say." For the thing was exposed to public view for the miracle-mongers to exercise their ingenuity upon it. When Damis reported that it was a three-headed creature and of the male sex, Apollonius got together his companions and said: "It signifies three emperors of Rome, whom yesterday I called Thebans ; and not one of them shall enjoy complete dominion, but two of them shall perish after holding sway in Rome itself, and the third after doing so in the countries bordering upon Rome ; and they shall shuffle off their masks more quickly than if they were tragic actors playing the part of tyrant." And the truth of his statement was almost immediatqily revealed ; for Galba died in Rome itself, just after he grasped the crown, and Vitellius died after only dreaming of the crown, and Otho died in Western Galatia, and was not even accorded a public funeral, but lies buried like any private person. And the whole episode was past and over within a single year. XIV Next they came to Catana, where is Mount Etna ; chap. and they say that they heard from the inhabitants of ^^^ 491 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Tov Tv(boj heheadai ekeI koX ttvo eP avrov avia- XIV A / \ V , V > , raaOai, o rv^ei rrjv Altvtjv, avrol B e? inOavw- T6pov<; a^LKeaOai Xoyov<; koI TTpo(7rjKOVTa<^ toI<; (f>i\o(TOcf)ovaLv. ap^ai 8' avrcov tov ^AttoWcovlov mBc epofJbevov tov<; eraupov^;, " eari n fivOoXoyla" vi) i\t , eiTTev o MevLinro'^, rjv ye oi Trocrjrai eiraivovcn. tov oe or) Aiacovrov tl rjyi); fivOoXoyoVy^ elire, "kuI XoyoiroLov irdvTa.^' iroTepoL Se (rocfiol twv ixvOwvi* ol tmv ttoiyj- TMvT elTrev, " eTretSr] co? yeyovoTe^ aSovTai,.'^ " 01 Se Brj Alo-coTTOv tl ; " ** ^aTpay^^oL, €(j)r),
    • Kol ovoc Kal \rjpoL ypavalv oIol paaaaOat
Kai 7racoiOL<;. Kai firjv, ecpr], efiOL, o Attoa,- \a)vio<^, ** iiriTrjBeLOTepoc 7rp6<; aocptav ol tov AlacoTTOV (^aivovTar ol fxev yap irepl tov^ rjp(jja<;, oiv TTOirjTiKrj iracra e^erat, koI hia^Oeipovcn T0f9 aKpoa)/jL6vov<i, €7r€cBrj €pcoTd<; t€ aroTrof <? ol TroirjTal ep/JLTjvevovac Kal dS€\(f)(ov ydfjbov^ Kal Bia^o\a(; e? deov^; Kal ^pcoaeo^ iraiBwv Kal iravovpyia'^ dvek- evOepov^ Kal BuKa^;, Kal to &)? yeyovo^; avTcov dyei Kal TOV ipodVTa Kal tov ^rjXoTVTTOvvTa Kal tov iirtOvfjiovvTa irXovTelv rj Tvpavveveiv e<^' airep ol livOoi, AtcrwTTO? Be viro ao(f)La<; irpoiTOv fiev ovk e? TO KOLVov TO)v TUVTa dBovTcov kavTov KaTeaTtjcrev, 492 I LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V the city a story about Tyj)lio being bound on tlie chap. spot and about fire rising from him, and this fire ' sends up the smoke ^ of Etna ; but they themselves of AesojT came to more plausible conclusions and more in keep- ing with philosophy. And they say that Apollonius began the discussion by asking his companions : "Is there such a thing as mythology?" " Yes, by Zeus," answered Menippus, " and I mean by it that which furnishes poets with their themes." " What then do you think of Aesop ? " " He is a mythologist and writer of fables and no more." "And which set of myths show any talent?" "Those of the poets," he answered, "because they are represented in the poems as having taken place." And what then do you think of the stories of Aesop ? " " Frogs," he answered, ^'^and donkeys and nonsense only fit to be swallowed by old women and children." "And yet for my own part," said Apollonius, "I find them more conducive to wisdom than the others. For those others, of which all poetry is so fond, and which deal with heroes, positively destroy the souls of their hearers, because the poet relates stories of outlandish . passion and of incestuous marriages, and repeats calumnies against the gods, of how they ate their own children, and committed crimes of meanness, and quarrelled with one another ; and the affectation and pretence of reality leads passionate and jealous people and miserlike and ambitious persons to imitate the stories. Aesop on the other hand had in the first place the wisdom never to identify himself with those who put such stories into verse, but took a line ^ There is a pun in the Greek between Typho = Typhon and typho = to smoke. 493 FLA\aUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. aXX' eavTOv riva 68ov erpuTrero, elra, Mairep ol T0t9 euTeXecTTe/oot? jSpco/jLaaL fcaXoo^ eaTi(ovT€<;, drro a/jLLKpdov Trpa^f/jbdrcov hihdaKei fieydXa, koI irpo- Oe/JL€VO'i TOP Xoyov iirdyei avrw to irpdrre rj /jlt) Trpdrre, eiTU rod (piXaXvOovf; fjuaXXov rj ol Tronjral 7]^|raT0' ol fiev yap ^td^ovrai iridavov^ (patveadai, Tou? eavTMV X070U9, 6 8' iirayyeWcov Xoyov, 09 iajL yjrevSr]'^, Tra? olSev on, avrb to /jLT] irepl dXrjdLVMV ipelv dXt]6ev€L. koI o /xev 7roLrjTr)<i eliTwv Tov eavTOv Xoyov KaTaXeiirei Ta> vyLaivovTi aKpoaTfi ^aaavi^eLv avTov, el iyeveTO, 6 Be elncov jiev yjrevS)] Xoyov, iirayayoov Se vovdeaiav, cocTTrep 6 Aicra)7T0<;, SeuKWcnv &)? e? to '^prjaifiov t?}? dKpoda€(o<=; tw yfrevSei K€)(^p7]TaL. ')(^api6V h avTOv TO fcal TO dXoya rjBla) ipyd^eaOac /cat a7rovBrj<; d^ia T0fc9 dv0p(M)'TTOi<^, €K 7raiSo)v yap T0i9 X6yoc<; TOVTOL<; ^vyyevofxevoL Kal vir' avTcov €Kvr)7rio)66VT€<;, Bo^a^ dvaXafjL/3dvo/jL€v irepl e/cdaTou tmv ^mcov, TO, /JL€V ct)9 jBaatXiKa elr), to, Be oo^; ev)jOrj, TO, Be ft)9 /co/jL-yjrd, to, Be 009 uKepaia, Kal fiev 7roLr)Trj<i elircov TToXXal jiiopcl>al Toiyv Bac/j^ovicov^ rj TOLOVTO TL €.17 i")(o pev(j a^ aTrrjXOev, o Be AiacoTro*; €7ri')(^pr](T/jLa)B^aa(; tov eavTOV \6yov /caTaXveL Tt]v ^vvovauav 69 o TrpovOeTO. ^ Eurip. Akestis, last line. 494 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V of his own ; and in the second, Hke those who can chaF dine well off the plainest dishes, he made use of ^^^ humble incidents to teach great truths, and after telling a story he adds to it the advice to do a thing or not to do it. Then, too, he was really more attached to truth than the poets are ; for the latter do violence to their own stories in order to make them probable ; but he by announcing a story which everyone knows not to be true, told the truth by the very fact that he did not claim to be relating real events. And the poet, after telling his story, leaves a healthy-minded reader cudgelling his brains to know whether it really happened ; whereas one who, like Aesop, tells a story which is false and does not pretend to be anything else, merely investing it with a good moral, shows that he has made use of the falsehood merely for its utility to his audience. And there is another charm about him, namely, that he puts animals in a pleasing light and makes them interesting to mankind. For after being brought up from childhood with these stories, and after being as it were nursed by them from babyhood, we acquire certain opinions of the several animals and think of some of them As royal animals, of others as silly, of others as witty, of others as innocent. And whereas the poet, after telling us that there are ' many fomis of heavenly visitation ' or something of the kind, dismisses his chorus and departs, Aesop adds an oracle to his story, and dismisses his hearers just as they reach the conclusion he wished to lead them up to. 495 FLAM us PHILOSTRATUS XV CAP, *' 'E/X6 Se, Si MevL7r7r6,Kal jjbvdov irepl t?}? AlacoTrov aocpiaf; iBiSd^aro rj iJirjTr]p /cofitSfj vtJttlov, 009 etrj fJiAv TTore TTOLfirjV o Atcrct>7ro9, ve/iot Be 7r/0O9 lepw
  • Ep/jLov, (To^ia^ he ep(pr) koI ev')(OiTO avru) virep
TOVTOV, TToWol Be Kol €T€pOi TaVTOV alrOVPT€^ i7TL(^0LT(pev tQ> 'Eip/jifj, 6 fiev ')(^pv(T6v, 6 8* dpyvpov, 6 Se K7)pVK€iOV i\€(f>dvTLVOV, 6 §6 TWZ^ OVTCO TL Xa/jLTTpwv dvaTTTCOV, 6 6' Al'cra)7ro9 e^oi /jL€v ovtw^, ft)9 firjBev TCJV TOLOVT(ov e'xeiv, ^euSoLTO Be koX mv etT^e, jaka/cro^; Be avro) airevBoLy oaov oi^; dfjLe\')(^- Oelcra iBLBov koI Kijpiop iirl top jBcofJiov ^epoi, oaov TTjp %et/?a i/jL7rXrjaai, iaTLciv B' avrov teal /j,vpTOL<i Sero /cal TrapaOel^; av tmv poBcov rj rodv I'cov KOixvOT] oxLja. Tt yap dec, (o tip/jur], eXeye,
  • ' (TTe(f)dvov(; irXeKeiv koI dfieXelv t&v Trpo^drcov; '
ft)9 Be dipiKovTO 69 p7]rr)V rj/juepav ein rrjv rijf; Gro(f)ia<; Biavofjurjv, 6 fiev 'Ep/jirj^; are \6yt,o^ koI fcepoMO^;, av fiev, ecprj, (piXoao<piav e'^e, tw TrXelara BrjirovOev dvaOevTt, " av Be 69 prjropwv rjOr) '^(opei^ tm Beurepd ttov ')(apiaa/iieva), *' aol Be dar povo fjuelv ^yd^pa, aol Be elvai jnovaiKq), aol Be 7]p(pov 7roir)Tfj fxeTpov, aol Be. lajji^eLOV. iirel Be 496 LIFE OF APOLLONILS, BOOK V XV " And as for myself^ O Menippus, my mother chap. taught me a story about the wisdom of Aesop when " I was a mere child^ and told me that he was once a Aesop and shepherd, and was tending his flocks hard by a Hermes temple of Hermes, and that he was a passionate lover of wisdom and prayed to Hermes that he might receive it. Many other people, she said, also resorted to the temple of Hermes asking for the same gift, and one of them would hang on the altar gold, another silver, another a herald's wand of ivory, and others other rich presents of the kind. Now Aesop, she said, was not in a position to own any of these things ; but he saved up what he had, and poured a libation of as much milk as a sheep would give at one milking in honour of Hermes, and brought a honeycomb and laid it on the altar, big enough to fill the hand, and he thought of regaling the god with myrtle berries, or perhaps by laying just a few roses or violets at the altar. ^ For,' said he, ^ would you, O Hermes, have me weave crowns for you and neglect my sheep ? ' Now when on the appointed day they arrived for the distribution of the gifts of wisdom, Hermes as the god of wisdom and eloquence and also of rewards, said to him who, as you may well suppose, had made the biggest offering : ' Here is philosophy for you ' ; and to him who had made the next handsomest present, he said : ' Do you take your place among the orators ' ; and to others he said : ' You shall have the gift of astronomy or you shall be a musician, or you shall be an epic poet and write in heroic metre, or you shall 497 VOL, T. K K FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. fcuLTOL XoytoiTarof; mv, Karavcikcoaev d/cwv airavra XV TCi Trj<; (fytXocrocpiaf; fjiepr), fcal eXaOev eavrov eKTrecrcbv rod Alacoirov, ivdv/jLelrac ra? "Clpa^, v(j)' o)v auTO? ev Kopv(j)at<; rod ^OXv/jlttov irpdcpr], 0)9 iv airap'ydvoif; irore avTW ovtl jjlvOov SteXOovaai irepl TT]^ /S009, ov hteXe^Or] tw dvOpcoTro) 7) /5oi)? vTrep 6avTrj<; re Koi r/y? 7%, 6? epcora avrov tcop Tov 'A7roXXft)i^09 ^OMV KaTecnr)aav, fcal hLScoatv ivrevdev rrjv /jLvdoXoylav rw Ala-coTro), XoLirrjv ev (ro(bia<; olko) ovaav, " ^'%f>" eliro^v, *' a irpwra e/xa- dov. ' al fjuev Sij ttoXXoI /uLop(f>al T7}9 ri^vrji; ii'OevSe dcf)iK0VT0 rw AlacoTTU), real roiovhe dTri^r] TO T7](; fjivOoXoyLa<; Trpdyfia. XVI Cap. '*"Ia-ft)9S' dvorjrov eTraOov einarpe'^aL yap vfid'i Btavor]6el<; €<; X6yov<i (f)vaiK(OT€pov<; re koX dXrj- Oearepovf} o)v ol ttoXXoI irepl ttj^ Actv7]<; ahovcnv, avTo^ €9 eiratvov /jlvOcov d'n'qvi')(0riv, ov /juyv d^apc<; f) eK^oXr] TOV Xoyov yeyovnv 6 yap pivdo^, ov TrapaLTOVfieda, ov tmv AIocottov Xoycov iariv, dXXd TMv Spa/jbaTLKcoripcov Kal mv ol TrocTjral OpvXovcTLv' ifcetvoL fiev yap Tvcjico rtva rj £7/^6- XaSov BeSeaOat (f^aalv viro tm Spec Kal hvaOava- Tovvra daO/jLaivetv to iritp tovto, iyo) Be yuyavTa^ 498 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK \ be a writer of iambics.' Now although he was a most chap wise and accomplished god lie exhausted, not ^^' meaning to do so, all the various departments of wisdom, and then found that he had quite forgotten Aesop. Thereupon he remembered the Hours, by whom he himself had been nurtured on the peaks of Olympus, and bethought him of how once, when he was still in swaddling clothes, they had told him a story about the cow, whicli had a conversation with the man about herself and about the earth, and so set him aflame after the cows of Apollo. Accordingly he forthwith bestowed upon Aesop the art of fable called mvthology, for that was all that was left in the house of wisdom, and said • ' Do you keep what was the first thing 1 learnt myself/ Aesop then acquired the various forms of his art from that source, and the issue was such as we see in the matter of mythology. XVI "Perhaps I have done a foolish thing," went on ch^p Apollomus, '- for it was my intention to recall you to -^^'i * more scientific and truer explanations thaii the '"^^ ^y^^' poetical myths given by the vulgar of Etna ; and I "^ "^'"^ have let myself be drawn into a eulogy of myths However, the digression has not been without a charm of its own, for the myth which we repudiate is not one of Aesop's stories, but belongs to the class of dramatic stories which fill the mouths of our poets For they say that a certain Tvpho or Enceladus lies bound under the mountain, and in his death agony breathes out this fire that we see. Now I admit that 499 K K 2 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. jjiev 'ye'yovevai (f)r}fjii, koI iroWa'^ov rrjq yr]<^ ava- BeiKvvadac Toiavrl aay/Jbara payevrcov TOiv rdcfKov, ov fjLTjv 69 dycova iXOelv rolfi 6eol<;, aXX v^piaat, /JL€V Ta/)(a €9 Toi'9 ve(b<^ avToyv koI to, eSrj, ovpavw 8e €7rt7rr]Sr]aac /cat fir) ^vy)(^copelv Tot9 ^€0^9 eV avTov elvat, fiavia jxev Xiyeiv, jxavia he oleaOai. KoX [xrjhe eKelvo^ 6 Xoyo^ Kairoi Bofccov ev(f)r]/jLOT6po<; elvat TLfido-Qto, 609 'YicjiaicrTw jxekei tov -^oXKeijeiv ev rfi AiTvrj, koI KTVirelTaL Tt9 evravda vir avrov aKfjLcov, TToWd yap Kal dWa oprj ird}Cka')(ov rr)^ 77)9 e/jLTTVpa Kal ovk dv (^Odvoipbev e7rt(f)T]/jLL^ovTe(; avTOi<; yiyavra^ Kal 'Yi^aiaTOV^;. XVII CAP. " Tt9 ovv rj TOdv roLMvhe opMV airua ; yrj Kpaauv da(f)d\Tov Kal Oeiov Trape'^ofievrj TV(f>€Tac fiev Kal Trap* eavrrj<i ^vaei, irvp K ovtto) eKSlScoaLv, el 8e ar] payyco8r)<; rv^oo Kal virohpa^ot avrrjv Trvev/xa, (ppvKTov tjBt] atpet. TrXeoveKTijaaaa Be rj <f>X6^, Mawep TO vBcop, diroppel rwv opwv Kal €9 Ta irehia eK'^ecTac, %<i>/)et re enl OdXarrav irvp dOpoov iK/3o\d<; TTOiov/jievov, olai tmv Trora/JUMV elai. ^w^09 3' Rvae/Scjv, irepl ov<; to irvp eppvr), XeyeaOco fieu KavTauOd Tt9, yjyco/JLeOa Be TO69 ocna TrpaTTOvai 500 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V giants have existed^ and that gigantic bodies are chap. revealed all over^ earth when tombs are broken ^^^ open ; nevertheless I deny that they ever came into conflict with the gods ; at the most they violated their temples and statues, and to suppose that they scaled the heaven and chased away the gods there- from, — this it is madness to relate and madness to believe. Nor can I any more respect that other story, though it is more reverent in its tone, to the effect that Hephaestus attends to his forge in Etna, and that there is there an anvil on which he smites with his hammer ; for there are many other mountains all over the earth that are on fire, and yet we should never be so rash as to assign to them giants and gods like Hephaestus. XVII " What then is the explanation of such mountains.'* chap. It is this : the earth by affording a mixture of ^^^^ asphalt and pitch, begins to smoke of its own nature, S^voSiiw" but it does not yet belch out fire ; if however it be cavernous and hollow and there be a spirit or force circulating underneath it, it at once sends up into the air as it were a torch ; this flame gathers force, and gets hold of all around, and then like water it streams off the mountains and flows out into the plains, and the mass of fire reaches the sea, forming mouths, out of which it issues, like the mouths of rivers. And as for the place of the Pious Ones, around whom the fire flowed, we will allow that such exists even here ; but at the same time let us not forget that the whole earth affords secure ground 501 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. yrjv iiev iraaav aa^aXrj yciypov elvat, OdXarrav 8' XVII V * ■\ f I »-v-v^ \«  eviropov ov irXeovcn jxovov, aWa kul vetv rreipw- /jL6Voc<;.^^ del <ydp tov<; \6yov<; dveiravev 69 tcl ')(^p7]aTa TMV irapayyeXp.dTMV. XVIIl CAP, *E//-<5f>tXocro(^7^Va9 Se rfj %i,K€\[a y^povov, 09 aTro- '^payaav avro) cnrovbr^v €i')(€v, ein rrjv tiWaCa €Ko/iii^6TO irepl dpKTOvpov eiriToXd^. aXvirov he Tov 7r\ov yevofxevov KaTa(7')((bv i<; AevKdSa, ** aTro- l3o)fjL€V,^^ €(f)7], *' Tr}9 veui^ TavT7)(;, ov yap Xmov avrfj €9 Kyaiav irKevaair irpoakyovTO^ Se ovhe- z/09 Tft) Xoycp TrXrjv tmv yiyvwdKovTCdv tov dvBpa, avrb<; fxev iirl AevKaSiaf; z^e&)9 o/jlov tol<; ^ovXo- fjiivoLf; ^vfMTrXelv €9 Ae^atoi^ KaTeaj(ev, rj Se vav<^ 7) XvpaKovata KareBv iairXeovaa tov J^piaalov koXttov. XIX CAP. Mu7?^€t9 3' ^AOrjvr^cTiv, ijjbvei S' avTov lepocpdv- T)79, ov avTo<; toj irpOTepo) eireixavTevaaTO, eveTV')(e KOI A7)fi7]TpLa) Tft) (f)LXoao(f)q), /jueTa yap to Nepwvo^; /3aXav€lov Kal a eir avTot elTre, BtrjTaTo KSi^vriaiv 6 Ar] /ji7]Tp io<; ovTO) y€vvaL(o<;, od<; firjBe tov xP^^^^> ov ^epcov irepl TOU9 dy(ova<; v^pt^ev, i^eXOelv t/)9 'EXXa8o9. 6K€lvo<; Kal IS/LovacovLO) €<f>a(rKev ivTeTv- ')(7]Kevai irepl tov ^laOfiov BeSefievo) re kuI KeKe- 502 1 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V for the doers of holiness, and that the sea is safely chap. traversed not only by people in ships but even ^^^^ by people attempting to swim." For in this way he continually ended up his discourses with useful and pious exhortations. XVIII He stayed in Sicily and taught philosophy there chap. as long as he had sufficient interest in doing so^ and ^ then repaired to Greece about the rising of Arcturus. meiit^o" ^ After a pleasant sail he arrived at Leucas, w^here he shipwreck said : " Let us get out of this ship, for it is better not to continue in it our voyage to Achaea." No one took any notice of the utterance except those who knew the sage well, but he himself together with those who desired to make the voyage with him embarked on a Leucadian ship, and reached the port of Lechaeum ; meanw hile the Syracusan ship sank as it entered the Crisaean Gulf. XIX At Athens he was initiated and by the same chap. "V'TV' hierophant of whom he had delivered a prophecy to his predecessor ; here he met Demetrius the philo- sopher, for after the episode of Nero's bath and of his speech about it, Demetrius continued to live at Athens, with such noble courage that he did not quit Greece even during the period when Nero was outraging Greece over the games. Demetrius said that he had fallen in with Musonius at the Isthmus, FLA VI us PHILOSTRATUS CAP^ Xevafjievw opvTreiv, /cal avTo<; fiev i7r€V(j)r] /juy] orat ra elfcora, rov 8e e')(^ea6ai r^? crfjLtvv7]<; kol ippay- fji€vci)(; rfj <yfj i/jL^dWeiv, avaKvyjf^avra Se, " Xvtto) <T6, cfidvai, " d) Ar]/jb7]TpL€, TOP laOflOV 6pVTT(OV Tjj EXA-aSi ; el Se kol KiOapcphovvrd fie eZ^e?, wajrep iepcova, T6 av eiraue^ ; kul eaauo) ra movacoviov TrXeio) bvra koI Oav/jiao-ocorepa, ft)9 /jltj Bokoltjv Opao-vveaOai 7r/3o? tov dfieX-M^; avrd elirovTa. XX CAP. X.€L/jidora^ S' A7roX\(i)vio<; ev rol^ EXX77z^t/tot9 iepOL<; TTacnv el^ero tt)? ctt AIjiitttov oSov irepX eap, TToWd fiev €7n7r\i]^a<;, iroWa Be avfi^ov- \evaa<^ rat? TvoXecn, ttoWcov Be e? eiraivov Kara- (TTd(;, ov8e yap eTraivov aTret^ero, oirore tl vyuo^ TrpdaaoiTO, /cara/Safi Be 69 HeipaLa vav<; fxev tl<; a)p/jL€L TTpo^ iaTiOL<; ovaa /cal 69 Icoviav d^rjcrovaa, 6 3' €fl7ropO<^ OV ^VV€')((Dp€L ifJL^aLVeLV, l8l6(TT0\0V yap avTr]v dyeiv. epop^evov Be rov ^AttoWcovlov, Tt9 90/OT09; uecov, ecpT], ayaXp^ara airayw 6*9 Icoviav, TCL p,ev ^puaov kol XlOov, rd Be e\e- (f)avTO(; /cal ')(^pvaov.^^ " iBpva6p,evo<; rj t/;" **a7ro- BfD(7Gp,evo<^" ecjyr), *' T0t9 l3ov\op.evoL<; iBpvccrOai. '
  • ' BeBia^i ovv, 0) Xwcrre, /xr^ avXi'jacopev ra dyd\-
p^ara ev ttj vtjl; *' ov tovto, ecp^], oeota, to 504 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V where he was fettered and under orders to dig ; he chap. consoled him as best he could with better hopes for the future, but Musonius took his spade and stoutly dug it into the earth, and then looking up, said : " You are distressed, Demetrius, to see me digging through the Isthmus for Greece ; but if you saw me playing the harp like Nero, what would you feel then ? " But I must pass over the fortunes of Musonius, though they were many and remarkable, else I shall seem impertinent like one who has carelessly repeated them. XX Apollonius spent the winter in various Hellenic chap. temples, and towards spring he embarked on the ^^ road for Egypt, after administering many rebukes ^^^ export indeed, yet giving much good counsel to the cities, of gods many of which won his approval, for he never refused praise when anything was done in a right and sensible way. When he descended to the Piraeus, he found a ship riding there with its sails set, just about to start for Ionia ; but the owner would not allow him to embark, for he wished to go on a private cruise. Apollonius asked him what his freight con- sisted of. " Of gods," he replied, " whose images I am exporting to Ionia, some made of gold and stone, and others of ivory and gold." " And are you going to dedicate them or what ?" "I am going to sell them," he replied, "to those who desire to dedicate them." " Then you are afraid, my most excellent man, lest we should steal your images on board ship V ^' I am not afraid of that," he answered, " but I do not think FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Se TrXelocn ^vfiTrXelv avra fcal 6/jiiXia<; avaTri/jb- TrXaaOac ^avXov SLaiT7)<; re, oiroarj vavTLKrj, Seivov rjyov/jiai " Koi firjv, o) ySeXTtcTTe/' eiTre, " 86f€€i<; yap /jlol ri<; ^ AOr)valo<; eivai, ra? i^aO?, al9 iirl TOv<; ^ap^dpov<; ixprjcraaOe, Katroi vavTiK7]<^ aTa^ia<i i/jLTreTrXrjafievaf;, ive^atvov ol Oeol ^vv vfjblv KoL ovK wovto v<j)' vjJLOiv 'X^paive- aOai, av Se a/jLaOo)<; ovro)<; aTTcoOfj tt}? veco^; <l)t\oa6(f)OV<; avhpa^, ol<; jxaXiaTa ol Oeol ')(aLpovcn, KoX ravra ip.iropiav rov<; 6eov<^ TreTTOLTjfievof;; 7) Be ayaX/jbaroTTOua r) apyala ov tovto eTTparrev, ovSe irepirjeaav ra? iroXei^ airohtho- fjbevoi TOL'9 Oeoix}, aXX' a7rdyovTe<; fJLovov Ta<; avTcov ')(elpa<^ /cal opyava XiOovpya Koi eXe^av- rovpyd, vXrjv re TrapaTtOepLevoi dpyov, ev avrolf; TOt? lepol<; ra? Srj/bLLOvpyLa^; eiroiovvTO, av 3 (oairep rd 'Tp/cavi/cd re /cal '^KvOiKd, direir] he elirelv Tiva, ovTco Tou? Oeov<; e? tou? Xcfxevaf; re Kal rdf; dyopd<^ dywv ovSev oXei ao"e/369 irpdrreiv; Kau /jlijv Kal cnrepfioXoyoixTLV evioi tmv dvOpadircov, e^ayjrd- fievoi Ti A'q/jbr]Tpo<; rj Aiovvcrov dyaX/ia, Kal rpec^eaOai (paaiv viro tmv decov 01)9 <^epovcn, to 5' avTov<; aiTeladat 701)9 Oeov^i Kal /jltjS ejnTTi- TrXacrOai tovtov, Seivrjf; ifjLTropua^, ecTTOifjii S dv Kal dvoia^;, el /jurjBev eK tovtov SeBoiKa^. ' TOiavTa eimrXrj^a^^ eirl ve(o<; eTepa^ eirXei, 506 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V it proper that they should have to share the v oyage chap. with so many people and be defiled by such bad ^^ company as you get on board ship." '■' And may I remind you^ most worthy man/' answered Apollonius, '^'^for».you appear to me to be an Athenian^ that on the ships which your countrynen employed against the barbarians, although they were full of a disorderly naval crowd, the gods embarked along with them, yet had no suspicion of being polluted thereby ; you however in your gross ignorance drive men who are lovers of wisdom out of your ship, in whose com- pany as in that of none others the gods delight, and this although you are trafficking in the gods? But the image-makers of old behaved not in this way, nor did they go round the cities selling their gods. All they did was to export their own hands and their tools for working stone and ivory ; and they provided the raw materials and plied their handicraft in the temples themselves ; but you are leading the gods into harbours and market places just as if they were wares ^ of the Hyrcanians and of the Scythians — far be it from me to name these— and do you think you are doing no impiety } It is true that there are babbling buffoons who hang upon their persons images of Demeter or Dionysus, and pretend that they are nurtured by the gods they carry ; but as for feeding on the gods themselves as you do, without ever being surfeited on this diet, that is a horrible commerce and one, I should say, savouring of unmanliness, even if you have no misgivings of your own about the consequences." Having administered this rebuke he took his passage on another ship. ^ Probably temple slaves or prostitutes. FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS XXI ^^^- KaTa7rX€vaa<; Be e? rrjv Xtoi^, /cal firjBe rbv woBa €9 T^z^ yrjv ip€L(Ta<; jJijeTeirr^Briaev e? rr^v vavv rrjv 7r\r](TL0v — eKTjpvTTe B' rj vav<; 69 VoBov — /cal ol eralpot, Be /jb€T€7r^Bo)v ovBev el7r6vTe<^, ifpiXoaocpelro yap avrol<i /jbaXc(TTa to eireaOai Xeyovrl re Kal TTpcLTTOVTi. ev(j)6p(p Be irepaicoOelf; Trvevfiari rdBe icnrovBaaev ev rfj 'VoBay Trpoaiovra avrov tcS tov KoXoaaov ayaX/jLaTi rfpero 6 AayLti9, 'TL rjyolTO ifceivov fiel^ov; 6 Be elirev' " dvBpa (j)iXoaocj)ovvTa vyLw<; T€ Kal a8oXa)9." eVe^w/otafe Tore r^ 'Po^w Kai/09 av\7]r^<;, 09 dpcara Brj dvOpcoircov iBoKet avXetv. Ka\e(Ta<; ovv avrov, " rt," e^^], *' avXrjrrj^; epyd^erat ; " " Trai^," elirev, " oirep av 6 dfcpoarrjf; PovKrjTair "Kal jjltjv ttoWol," e^rj, " twv uKpoco- fxevayv ifkovrelv ^ovXovTac /jloXXov rj avXov aKov- eiv 7r\ovatov<; ovv d'Tro(f)aivei<^, 01)9 dv eiriOv- fiovvra^ TOVTOV ataOr) ; " " ovBafj.(t)(;, elirev, " co<; e^ov\6fir)v dv." " tl B' ; evecBei^ epyd^y tou9 V€0v<; Tcov dKpoarwv; eirecBr} KaXol /SovXovTat BokcIv 7rdvTe<;, irepl 0L/9 veoTijs earuv.' " ovBe rovro, e^r], " KalroL TrXeldTOV d<^poBirri<^ ^X^^ ^^ '^^ avXo)." " Tt ovv eartv," eiirev, " b tov dKpoarrjv r)yfj ^ovXeaOatr '* tl Be dXXo ye,^ y B Kdvo<;, 508 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V XXI And when he had sailed as far as Chios, without chap. even setting foot on the shore, he leapt across into another ship hard by, which was advertised to go to Rhodes! Rhodes ; and without a word his companions jumped Discussion after him, for it was an essential part of their playing philosophic discipline to imitate his every word and action. With a favourable wind he made the passage and held the following conversation in Rhodes. As he approached the image of the Colossus, Damis asked him, if he thought anything could be greater than that ; and he replied : " Yes, a man who loves wisdom in a sound and innocent spirit." At that time Canus was living in Rhodes, who was esteemed to be the best of all flute-players of his age. He therefore called him and said : " What is the business of a flute-player ? " "To do," replied the other, "everything which his audience wants him to." "Well, but many," replied ApoUonius, " in the audience want to be rich rather than to hear a flute played ; I gather then that when you find them desiring this, namely to be rich, you turn them into rich men." " Not at all," replied the other, "though I would like to do so." " Well, then, perhaps you make the young people in your audience good-looking ? For all who are still enjoying youth v/ish to be handsome." "Nor that either," replied the other, "although I can play many an air of Aphrodite on my instrument." "What then is it," said ApoUonius, "which you think your audience want." "Why, what else," replied Canus, "except that the mourner 509 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. " tj Tov \v7rovfji€vop jxev KOL/j,i^€aOaL auTc3 T/)^' \v7r7}v VTTO TOV avXov, TOV he ')(aipovja iXapojTepov eavTOv ^i^veaOai, tov he epoiVTa OepfxoTepov, tov he (ptXoOvTTjv ivdecoTepov re /cat v/jLvayhrj;^^ " tovto ow," ecpT], " 0) JLdve, iroTepov avTO<; epyd^eTUi 6 av\6<; hcd to ^(^pvaov re koI opei^aXKov koI e\d(j)cov KvqpbT]^ ^vyfcelaOai, ol he koI ovcov, t) eWepov e(7TLV, o TavTU ovvaTat; eTepov, ecpr), **a) AttoX- \o)VL€' 7] yap /jLOvaLKT) Kai OL TpoTToi KUL TO dva/M^ fcal TO evficTa^oXov t/}? avXrjcreco'^ real tcl TMV dpfjiOVLMV y^Orf, TavTa tou? dfcpoo)/jLevov<; dp- /jbOTTec Koi ra? '\/ri;^a9 epyd^eTUi (j^coz^, oTrola'i /SovXovTat" " ^vvrJKaJ' ecf^r], '* w Kai^e, 6 tl aoi Tj Te)(y7j irpdTTer to yap ttolklXov avTrjf; Kal to 69 rrdvTa'^ TpoTTOV^, tovto e^a<TKel<^ Te Kal Trape'^ei'; T0t9 irapa ere ^ocTcoatv. e/iol he 7r/?09 toi<; vtto aov elpr^fjievoL^ Kal eTepcov hoKei o auXo9 helaOar Trj<i Te ev7rvoLa<; Kal Trj<^ evaTO/j,ia<; Kal tov ev')(eipa elvai TOV avXovvTa, eaTi he evirvota pAv, rjv Topov Kal XevKov fj to irvevp.a Kal p.r) eTrcKTVTrfj rj <^dpvy^, tovtI yap eocKe (f)66yy(p dp^ovao), evoTo/jLia he, rjv Ta %6tX77 evOefieva Tr)v tov avXov yXwTTav jXT} TTcp^irpajjievov tov irpoacoirov avXfj, tov he ev- ^6i/oa avX'i]Tr)v iroXXov rjyovfiaL d^tov, rjv fjLr]Te 6 Kapiro^ dirayopevrj dvaKXcopbevo^; jJbrjTe ol haKTvXoi Ppahel<^ Mo-LV eimreTeaOai tol^ <f)66yyoc<;, Kal yap TO Tay^eois p^eTa/SdXXecv eK Tpoirov 69 Tpoirov irepl TQv<^ 6u^6t/?tt9 ecTTi p^uXXov. el hrj TavTa irdvTa 510 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V may have bis sorrow lulled to sleep by tbe flute^ and chap. that tbey tbat rejoiee may bave their cheerfulness ^^* enhanced^ and the lover may wax warmer in his passion, and that the lover of sacrifice may become more inspired and full of sacred song ? " '^ This then/' he said, ^^ O Canus, would you allow to be the effect of the flute itself, because it is constructed of gold or brass and of the shin of a stag, or perhaps of the shin of a donkey, or is it something else which has these effects ? " " It is something else," he replied, " O Apollonius ; for the music and the airs and the blending of strains and the easy variations of the flute and the characters of the harmonies, it is all this that composes the souls of listeners and brings them to such a state of content- ment as they want." " I understand," he replied, " O Canus, what it is that your art performs ; for you cultivate and exhibit to those who come to hear you the changefulness of your music and the variety of its modes. But as for myself, I think that your flute wants other resources in addition to those vou have mentioned, namely plenty of breath, and a right use of the lips, and manual skill on the part of the player ; and facility of breath consists in its being clear and distinct, unmarred by any husky click in the throat, for that would rob the sound of its musical character. And facility with the lips consists in their taking in the reed of the flute and playing without blowing out the cheeks ; and manual skill I consider very important, for the wrist must not weary from being bent, nor must the fingers be slow in fluttering over the notes, and manual skill is especially shown in the swift transition from mode to mode. If then you have 511 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. 7rape')(€L<i, Oappoyv avXec, Si Kdve, jMra aov yap y hivrepTrrj earai. XXII CAP. 'ETU7^a^'e TL fcal /jLetpaKiov veoirXovrov re kol airalhevTOV olfcoSo/jLOVfxevov oIkluv tlvcl iv rfj'VoBo), KoX ^v/icpepov €9 avTTjv ypacpd^; re iroiKika^ koI \i6ov^ i^ airdpTcov iOvoiv. r^pero ovv avro, oirocra ')(^p7]/jLaTa €i7] e? BtSao-KoXov^ re koI TratSeiav dvr)\o)fc6<;' 6 Be, " ovSe Spaxf^V^T elirev. " 69 Be Tr)V OLKLav TToaa ; ' " BcoBe/ca, €(f)7), " rdXavra, TrpoaavaXcoaaifii 8' av fcal erepa roaavra. ' ** tl o , euTTev, rj oiKia povxerai croc ; oiaira, e<f)7], " Xa/Jbirpd earai tcS aco/jbari, koI yap Bpofioi iv avTTJ Kal aXarj Kal oXiya i<; dyopdv jBahiovfiaL, Kal TTpoaepovai /xe ol iaiovre^; r^Btov, wcjirep 69 lepov (potT(ovTe<;. ^TjXcoTorepoc oe, eiirev, ol dvOpcDTTOL iTorepov Bi avTOv<; eiaiv rj Bca ra Tvepl avTOV<; ovra ; oca rev itXovtov, eiTre, ra yap '^p7]/jLaTa TrXeccTTOV layyei.^^ *' y^prip^djcov 8'," ec^r], " ft) fieipd/CLOv, dfieivcov (pvXa^ irorepov 6 Treirac- Bevjxevo^i earao rj 6 diraiBevTO^ ; " eVet Be e(Tico7r7]ae,
    • Bo/cec<^ yLtoi," eljre, " fxeipdKLOv, o.v av rrjv ol/ctav,
dXXa ae 97 olfcla fce/crrjcrOaL. 6700 Be eV lepov TTapeXOciov ttoXXm av tjBlov iv avro) puKpoi ovtl ayaXfjia iXi(f)avT6<; re fcal y^pvaov lBoi/jli r) iv /jLeydXfp fcepa/jteovv t€ kuI (f)avXov. ' 512 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V all these facilities, you may play with confidence, chaf. O Canus, for the Muse Euterpe will be with ^^^ you." XXII It happened also that a young man was building chap. a house in Rhodes who was a nonveau riche without ^ ^ any education, and he collected in his house rare ricii upstart pictures and gems from different countries. Apollonius then asked him how much money he had spent upon teachers and on education. " Not a farthing," he replied. " And how much upon your house?" "Twelve talents," he replied, "and I mean to spend as much again upon it." "And what," said the other, "is the good of your house to you ? " " Why, as a residence, it is splendidly suited to my bodily needs, for there are colonnades in it and groves, and I shall seldom need to walk out into the market place, but people will come in and talk to me with all the more pleasure, just as if they were visiting a temple." "And," said Apollonius, " are men to be valued more for them- selves or for their belongings }" " For their wealth," said the other, "for wealth has the most influence." "And," said Apollonius, " my good youth, which is the best able to keep his money, an educated person or an uneducated?" And as the other made no answer, he added : " My good boy, it seems to me that it is not you that own the house, but the house that owns you. As for myself I would far rather enter a temple, no matter how small, and behold in it a statue of ivory and gold, than behold one of pottery and bad workmanship in a vastly larger one." 513 VOL. I. L I. FLAVILIS PHILOSTRATU^ XXIII CAP. l^eavlav Se IScov rriova koL (hpovovvra eirl ro) XXIII ^ V , / , ^ ^ * itXelaTa fiev avOpooTrcov iaOUtv, TrXelarov Se olvov TTLveiv, '* ahX 7] GvT e^Vf " rvy^^dvei^ oiv 6 ya<TTpLl^6fjLevo<i ; " '* koL Ovo) 76," elirev, " virep rovTOV. " Tt ouj^," 6^7), " aTToXiXavKa^ rrj<; ^opd<; ravTT]^ ; " " to Oavfjud^eadai fxe /cat dTTOpXeire- aOar koI 'yap tov ^Upa/cXia laco^; aKOvet^, co? koI ra cFLTia avTOv 7rapa7r\r}crL(o<i to2<; aO\oc<; yhejoT 'Hpa/cXiovf;,*^ ecpr], 6vto<;' gov he Tt9, &> fcd6apfjLa, dpeTTj ; to yap irepi^eirTOv iv /jlovo) XeiTrerai (tol tc5 payrjvai.^^ XXIV CAP. ^oidhe fiev avTM ra iv ttj PoSw, ra Se iv rfj ^ AXe^avhpeia, iireihr} iaiirXevaev rj ^AXe^dvhpeia Kal diTovTO^; p.ev avrov r)pa, /cal iiroOovv tov ^AttoXXcovwv, &)9 el<; eva, /cal rj Aiyv7rT0<; Be rj dvco fiecTTol OeoXo<yia<; 6vt€<; /cal ^OLTrjaai avTov e? to, ■)]6t] to, avTcbv TjV'^ovTO, OLTe yap TTOXXCJV d(pi/cvov- /jbivcov fiev ivOevSe 69 AcyvTrTOV, ttoXXcov Be iTTc/jLty- vvvTcov Sevpo ef AlyvTTTOv, fjBeTO re irap^ avTOL<;
  • A7roXXa)VLO<i, /cal tcl wra €9 avTOv Alyv7rTiOC<;
6p6d r)V' irpolovTa ye tol diro t?}9 i^ea)9 eV to aaTV 6e(p laa dire/SXeTrov Kal Bie')(^copovv tcov aTevcoTrcov, 514 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V XXIII And meeting a young man who was young and fat chap. and who prided himself upon eating more than ^^^ anybody else^ and on drinking more wine than others, glutton^ * he remarked : " Then you, it seems, are the glutton." " Yes, and I sacrifice to the gods out of gratitude for the same." " And what pleasure," said Apollonius, "do you get by gorging yourself in this way ? " " Why, everyone admires me and stares at me ; for you have probably heard of Hercules, how people took as much pains to celebrate what he ate as what labours he performed." " Yes, for he was Hercules," said Apollonius ; "but as for yourself, you scum, wltat good points are there about you ? There is nothing left for you but to burst, if you want to be stared at." XXIV Such were his experiences in Rhodes, and others chap. ensued in Alexandria, so soon as his voyage ended / ^ there. Even before he arrived Alexandria was in re^ptiou in love with him, and its inhabitants longed to see Alexandria Apollonius as one friend longs for another ; and as the people of Upper Egypt are intensely religious they too prayed him to visit their several societies. For owing to the fact that so many come hither and mix with us from Egypt, while an equal number pass hence to visit Egypt, Apollonius was already cele- brated among them and the ears of the Egyptians were literally pricked up to hear him. It is no exaggeration to say that, as he advanced from the L L 2 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP Mairep to?? ^epovai ra tepd. rrapaTre/jLTrofMevov Se avTOv fjbdWov i) oi tmv edvoyv rjye/jLove^;, civSpe'^ rjyovTO TTjv iirl Oavdro) BooBeKa Xyaral rr}v alnav, 6 Be e? avTOv<^ IBoov, " ov Traz^re?," eiirev, " 6 Belva yap KaTa'>\r€va6el<; aTretcrt." koL 7rpo<; rov; B7)/jLiov<;, v^^ Mv rjyovTO, *' vcpeLvat,^^ €(f)7j, " KeXevo) Tov Bpo/uLOv Kol (T')(p\aLOTepov TjKetv inl to opvy/ia, vararov re diroKTelvat tovtov, ixeTe')(eL yap ovBev T^9 atTtacreft)9, aK)C u/xe?? ye oai av TrpdrTOcre (pecBo/jievoL tovtcov jSpa^v /jiipo<; r)/jiepa<;, ov<; Xwov i]v /jL7]B aTTOKTeiveLv Kol dfia ivBterpc^ev oh eXeyev, ovk elcoOb^ eavrcp diroTelvcov /jltjko^. tl 5' avTM ivoec tovto, avru/ca eBei')(67)' o/crcb yap r^Brj d7roTeTfjir}fjLev(ov ra? Ke^dXd^ liTTrev^ eXavvcov eirl TO opvyfia, " ^api(ovo<;,^^ 6/3oa, " (peiaacrOe" /xr] yap eivai XjjcTTrjv avTov, d'KhS eavTOv fiev KaTeyjrev- (rOat Beet tov o-Tpe/SXcoaeaOat, ^acraviaOevTOdv Be eTepcov ')(pr)aT6v difioXoyrjaOai avBpa. eco to TTrjBrjfjia tt}? AlyvnTov /cal 6a ov eirl tovto) iKpoTT)- aav Kal dWco^ OavfiaaTO/col ovTe^. XXV CAP. AveXOovTt Be avTO) e? to lepov 6 fiev Koa/xo^^ 6 Trepl avTO fcal o e<p efcdaTO) X0709 Oelo^; t€ e(f)aL- 5'6 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V ship into the city, they gazed upon him as if he was chap. a god, and made way for him in the allies, as they ^ ^ would for priests carrying the sacraments. As he was being thus escorted with more pomp than if he Predicts the had been a governor of the country, he met twelve a^Sindu^"^ men who were being led to execution on the charge of being bandits ; he looked at them and said : " They are not all guilty, for this one," and he gave his name, " has been falsely accused or he would not be going with you." And to the executioners by whom they were being led, he said : I order you to relax your pace and bring them to the ditch a little more leisurely, and to put this one to death last of all, for he is guiltless of the charge ; but you would anyhow act with more piety, if you spared them for a brief portion of the day, since it were better not to slay them at all." And withal he dwelt upon this theme at what was for him unusual length. And the reason for his doing so was immediately shown ; for when eight of them had had their heads cut off, a man on horseback rode up to the ditch, and shouted : " Spare Pharion ; for," he added, "he is no robber, but he gave false evidence against himself from fear of being racked, and others of them in their examina- tion under torture have acknowledged that he is guiltless." I need not describe the exultation of Egypt, nor how the people, who were anyhow ready to admire him, applauded him for this action. XXV And when he had gone up into the temple, he was chap. struck by the orderliness of its arrangements, and " 5^7 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. v€TO Koi Kara aocpuav ^vvreOei^i, to Se tC)v ravpcov alfjba fcal ol ')(^r]V€<; koX oTrocra iOvero, ovk iir^vei, ra TOodSe, ovSe e? BatTa<; 6ewv rjyev epo/xevov 8' avTov Tov Upeco^i, rt /xaOwv ol'% ovto) 6 vol, *' av fjbev ovv,^^ elireVy " aTTo/cptvau /jlol fidWov, n fiaOoov ovrco Ov€t<; ; " elirovrof; he tov i€p€co<;, ** Kal rt? ovTco S€Lvo<;, ct)9 htopdovcrOai ra AlyviTTLcop ; " 7ra9, ecpT], ao(po<;, ijv air ivocov rjfcy. fcat povv, €(j)r), " aTTavOpaKtcii Tijfiepov Kal Kotvcovei tov KaiTvov r)iMV, ov 'yap a')(6eari irepl Trj<; /juotpa^, el KCLKeivrjv ol Oeol haiaovTat.^^ TrjKOfjievov he tov irXaap.aTO'^, opa, ecprj, t<x lepa. irota ; eiirev o AiyviTTto*;, opco yap ovoev evtfaoe. o oe ^AttoWcovlo^, ** ol he ^lafiuhac, eiire, /cal oi TeWcdhat Kal ol K.\vTLdhat Kal to tmv MeXa/A- irohuhoiv jiavTelov eXr^pr^crav, o) Xwcrre, ToaavTa fjLev irepl iTvpos elTrovTe^, ToaavTa^ he dm avTOv ^vWe^d/ievot (^rjiJLa<i ; rj to fiev diro t^9 TrevKT]^ TTvp Kal TO diTG T?}? Kehpov jiavTiKov rjyf} Kai iKavov hrfKwaai to, to 8' diro tov ircoTaTOV t€ Kai KaOapcoTdTov haKpvov Kaofievov ov ttoXXo) aipeToo- Tepov ; el h' ifiTrvpov ao^ua^; rjaOa ev^vveTO<;, elhe<i dv Kal ev roS tov tjXiOV kvkXm iroXXa hrfKovfJbeva, ottotc dvia^eL. 518 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V thought the reason given for everything thoroughly chap. religious and wisely framed. But as for the blood of ^^^ bulls and the sacrifices of geese and other animals, he biood^"^"*' disapproved of them nor would he consider that they offeiings constituted repasts of the gods. And when a priest asked him what induced him not to sacrifice like the rest : " Nay, you," he replied, " should rather answer me what induces you to sacrifice in this way," The priest replied : " And who is so clever that he can make corrections in the affairs of the Egyptians ? " " Anyone," he answered, " with a little wisdom, if only he comes from India." "And," he added, "I will roast a bull to ashes this very day, and you shall hold communion with us in the smoke it makes ; for you cannot complain, if you only get the same portion which is thought enough of a repast for the gods." And as his image ^ was being melted in the fire he said: "Look at the sacrifice." "What sacri- fice," said the Egyptian, "for I do not see anything there." And Apollonius said, "The lamidae and the Telliadae and the Clytiadae and the oracle of the black-footed ones have talked a lot of nonsense, most excellent priest, when they went on at such length about fire, and pretended to gather so many oracles from it. For as to the fire from pine wood and from the cedar, do you think it is really fraught with prophecy and capable of revealing anything, and yet not esteem a fire lit from the richest and purest gum to be much preferable .^ If then you had really any acquaintance with the lore of fire worship, you would see that many things are revealed in the disc of the sun at the moment of its rising." ^ A freinkincense model of a bull. 519 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS XXVI XXVI TouTOt? eVeAroTTTe tov AlyvTrnov w? afxaOi) tmv Oeucov. 7rpoaK€t/jL6vr}(; Be t% ^AXe^avhpeia^; Xiriroi^ KoX ^vfKpocTcoaTjii jiev e? tov iTTTroSpo/jLOv eirl rfj Sea TavTYj, /jLtac<povovvTcov Be aX\,7]\ov<;, iTriTTXjj^tv virep TOVTcov eTTOLelro, koI irapekOcbv e? to lepov, '* TTot," €^7], " nraparevelTe aTToOvrjaKOVTe^; ol"^ vTTep re/cvcov ovBe lepcov, aXX' co? ')(paLvotT€ /lev ra lepa XvOpov fiearol e? ravra rjK0VTe<^, (^OeipoiaOe Be eaco rei'x^ov^ ; koI Tpoiav p,ev, &)? eoc/cev, (tttto? et9 BceiTopOrjcrev, ov icrocpiaavTO ol K')(aLol rore, €9 v/>ia<; oe apfiara e^evfcrai Kai lttttoi,, ol ov<; ov/c ecTTLV v/MV evTjvicof; ^ijv airoWvaOe yovv oi)^ virb ^ArpeiBcov, ovB^ viro AlaKtBcov, a)OC vtt' olWtjXcov, o /jL7]B' ol Tpcoe<; ev rfj fieOr). fcara fiev ovv rrjv ^OXvfiTriav, ov iTaXr)^ /cal 7rv<y/jir]<; koI tov TrayKpaTtd^etv aOXa, ovBe\<^ virep dOXrjTcov dire- Oavev, to-ft)? Kal ^vyyvco/jL7](; v7rap^ova7]<;, elVt? virep- cFTTOvBd^oo rrepl to ofi6(f)vXov, virep Be Tirirwv evTavOa yvfivd fiev vfuv eir* dXXrjXovf; ^i(f)r), ^oXal Be €T0t/JL0t XiOwv. TTvp Be eirl ttjv tocuvttjv ttoXlv, evOa olp^coyrj re koL v^pL<; oXXvvTcov T€ Kal oXXvp^evcov, peei B a'lfiaTi yala. alBeaOrfTe tov kolvov t/}? AlyviTTOV KpaTrjpa 520 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V XXVI With these words he rebuked and silenced the chap. Egyptian, showing that he was ignorant of religion- But because the Alexandrians are devoted to horses, horse-racing and flock into the racecourse to see the spectacle, factions and murder one another in their partisanship, he therefore administered a grave rebuke to them over these matters, and entering the temple, he said : " How long will you persist in meeting your deaths, not in behalf of your families or of your shrines, but because you are determined to pollute the sacred precincts by entering them reeking with gore and to slaughter one another within the walls. And Troy it seems was ravaged and destroyed by a single horse, which the Achaeans of that day had con- trived ; but your chariots and horses are yoked to your own despite and leave you no chance of living in submission to the reins of law. You are being destroyed therefore not by the sons of Atreus nor by the sons of Ajax, but by one another, a thing that the Trojans would not have done even when tliey were drunk. At Olympia, however, where there are prizes for wTCstling and boxing and for the mixed athletic contests, no one is slain in behalf of the athletes, though it were quite excusable if one should show an excess of zeal in the rivalry of human beings like himself. But here I see vou rushing at one another with drawn swords, and ready to hurl stones, all over a horse race. I would like to call down fire upon such a city as this, where amidst the groans and insulting shouts ' of the destroyers and the de- lUad 4. 401 stroyed the earth runs with blood.' Can you not 521 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. ^elXov. dWa tl ^eiXov /xvrjfiovevco 7r/?o? avap(07rov<; aifiajo^ ava/3a(T€i<; otafjb€TpovvTa<; fiaXXov f] vdaTO<; ; Kai TrXeico €9 rrjv eiri- irXri^LV ravTTjv hie\e')(6r) erepa, w? StSdcrKeL 6 AayLtt9. XXVII CAP r\* >■> ^\ \ i / »\ XXVII yjvecTraatavov oe rrjv avroKparopa ap')(r]v irepi- voovvTO<^ irepl rd ofjiopa TJj Alyv7TT(p eOvr), fcal irpo- ^(^(opovvTO^; eVt ttjv Atyvirrov, Atcoi^e? fi€v koX Eu- (ppdrai, irepl mv /jiiKpbv varepov elprjaerai, 'X^aipetv irapeKekevovro' fxerd yap rov irpcoTOv avroKpdropa, vcf)* 01) rd Vco/xaicov BceKOcr/ji'^Or], Tvpavvihe<; ovro) ^aXcTTat ta')(yaav iirl irevrrjKOVTa errjy co? /jLTjSe KXavStov rd fiiaa tovtcov rpcaKaiSeKa dp^avra ')(p7jo-T0V Bo^ar /cairoi, 7revrr]/copTOVT7]<i fiev e? to dpx^f'V TTaprfkOev, ore vov^ ixaXiara vyiaivec dvOpcoTTcov, TracSela^; Be f i/yitTracr?;? iBo/cec ipdv dXXd KaKelvo^ TrfXiKoaBe 03V iroXXd /jLeipa/cccoBrj eiraOe fcal fiyXo/SoTOv yvvaiot<; ttjv dp')(7]v dvrJKev, v(f> wv ovTco paOvfJbCdq diTeOavev, co? Kauroi ir poycyvcocTKoyp , d e/jieXXe TreiaeaOai, fJurfB^ d irpoyBec, ^vXd^aaOai. ^AttoXXcovio^ Be TrapaTrXrjcnct)^ fiev l^vcppdrrj koI Alcove Trepl tovtcov e-^aipe, fxeXeTTjv S* avTd ov/c iiroieiTo i<; 7rdvTa<i, prjTopLKcoTepav ^yovfievof; tjjv 522 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V feel reverence for the Nile, the common mixing bowl chap. of Egypt ? But why mention the Nile to men whose gauges measure a rising tide of blood rather than of water ? " And many other rebukes of the same kind he addressed to them^ as Damis informs us. XXVII Vespasian was harbouring thoughts of seizing the chap. XXVII absolute power, and was at this time in the countries . bordering upon Egypt ; and when he advanced as arrival at far as Egypt, people like Dion and Euphrates, of ^^®^*'^^^* whom I shall have something to say lower down, urged that a welcome should be given to him. For the first autocrat, by whom the Roman state was "organised, was succeeded for the space of fifty years by tyrants so harsh and cruel, that not even Claudius, who reigned thirteen years in the interval between them, could be regarded as a good ruler, and that, although he Jwas fifty years of age when he succeeded to the throne, an age when a man's judgment is most likely to be sane, and though he had the reputation of being fond of culture of all kinds ; nevertheless he too in spite of his advanced age committed many youthful follies, and gave up the empire to be devoured, as sheep devour a pasture, by silly women, who murdered him, because he was so indolent that, though he knew beforehand what was in store for him, he would not be on his guard even against what he foresaw. Apollonius no less than Euphrates and Dion rejoiced in the new turn of events ; but he did not make use of them as a theme in his public utterances, 523 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. TOtdvhe ISeav rod Xoyov, ttooctlovtl he tco avro- 'V "Y \* T T Kpa-TOpc TCL fjbev lepa irpb irvXcbv aTTTjvTa koI ra tt)? AlyvTTTOV TeXrj /cal ol vofioi, kuO^ ov<^ A^lyvirTO^ T€r/jb7)Tat, <f)t\o(TO<poi re (h(TavTco<^ koI ao(f)ia7rdcra, Be A7ro\X(ovLO<; ovSev iTroXvTTpay/jiovet tovtcdv, aXXa iaiTovha^ev iv rcS lepw. htakeyOel^ he 6 avTOKpdrcop yevvald re /cal Tj/xepa, /cal hceXOcov Koyov ov jxaKpov, eTnorj/jiet, ecpr], 'o ivavev^i; " i^at," ecpaaav, " /3e\Tiov(; ye rj/jbd'^ epyaordjjbevo^r " iTM<i av ovv ^vyyevoLTO rjfMtv; " ecfyy, " acpohpa yap heofjLat rod dvhp6<;,^^ *' ivTev^erai aot irepl ro lepovj' o At&)z^ elire, *' irpo^ ifie yap hevpo ij/covra a)/jLo\oyei ravra,^ " ccofiev,^^ ecpij o ^aacXev<;, " Trpocrev^o/jievoc p.ev toI<^ deol<^, ^vveaofxevoi he dvhpl yevvai(pr evrevOev dve(f)v \6yo<;, &)? ev6v- /jLLO(; fjuev avTa> r) dp^ yevoiTO TroXiop/covvrc rd %6\v/jLa, fjL€Ta7refi7roLTO he tov ^AttoWcovlov virep ^ov\r]<; TOVTcov, 6 he irapaLTolro r]/ceLV e? yrjv, yv ep^iavav ol iv avr^ ol/couvTe<; oU re ehpaaav oh re eiraOov 66ev avTO^ eXOelv e'9 AcyvTrrov ttjv fiev dp^rjv K€/CT7j/jLevo^, hoa\€^6fxevo<; he tc3 dvhpl oiroaa hrfK(0(T(o. XXVIII CAP. @i;cra9 yap /caX ovtto) ^/3>/yLtaTtcra9 /car d^uav Tat<^ ^^^^^^ TToXeau TTpoaetTTe tov ^AttoWcovcov /cal Marrep LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V because he considered such an argument too much in chap. the style of a rlietor. When the autocrat approached the city, the priests met him before the gates, together with the magistrates of Egypt and the representatives of the different provinces into which Egypt is divided. The philosophers also were present and all their schools. Apollonius however did not put himself forward in this way, but remained conversing in the temple. The autocrat delivered himself of noble and gentle sentiments, and after making a short speech, said : " Is the man of Tyana living here ? " '•' Yes," they replied, "^ and he has much improved us thereby." " Can he then be induced to give us an interview .f* " said the emperor, '* For 1 am very much in want of him." "He will meet you," said Dion, ^' in the temple, for he admitted as much to me when I was on my way here." "" Let us go on," said the king, " at once to offer our prayers to the gods, and to meet so noble a man." This is how the story grew up, that it was during his conduct of the siege of Jerusalem that the idea of making himself emperor suggested itself to him ; and that he sent for Apollonius to ask his advice on the point ; but that the latter declined to enter a country which its in- habitants polluted both by what they did and by what they suffered, which was the reason why V^espa- sian came in person to Egypt, as well because he now had possession of the throne, as in order to hold with our sage the conversations which I shall relate. xxvni For after he had sacrificed, and before he gave chap. official audiences to the cities, he addressed himself ^^^^^^ 525 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. ev)(6/JL€P0(; avrS, " iroirjaov jxeT €(p7}, " ^aaiXea.'^ 6 Be, '* iiroi'qday^ eLTrev, " rjhr] 'yap €v^d/jL€VO<; ^aatXea Bi/caiGV re /cat yevvalov /cal adic^pova kol iroXia KSKoafirifievov koI irarepa irauScov yvrjcTLcop, ae hr)7Tov irapa tmv Oecov rjrovv iyco.' vTreprjaOel^i he Tovrotf; o ^aai\ev<;, kol yap e^orjae to iv tm lepw 7r\P)0o<; ^vvTi6e/JL€V0L tm Xoyco, " rt croc,^^ e^'f], " 'Nepcovo^ o,p^rj ecpaivero; " fcal 6 \\.7roW(t)vio(;, iSepcov, ecrre, Ktuapav puev iaco<; rjoet apfioTTS- orOai, TTjV Se ap)(^r]v ^ayyvev aveaet Kal eVtTacret." " ^vfjLfjLeTpov ovv, €(p7], " KeXevec^^ elvat top dp- '^ovra; ovk eyo), ecire, ueo<; oe ttjv iaorrjja fieaorrjTa 6pLadfjL€vo<;. dyaOol 8e tovtcov ^v/jl^ov- Xoc fcau oioe oi avcpeff, tov llKova bei^a<^ Kai tov ^v(j)pdT7]v jjbrjTTco avT(p e? Sia(f)opav r}KOVTa. Tore St) dva(T)(^d)v 6 ^aaiXev^ ra? 'Xelpa^, " w ZeO," ec^rj, '* cro(f)cov jxev eycb dp)(^OL/ic, aocj)ol Be i/xov.^' Kal iino'Tpe'^a^ eavrov e? rov^ Alyv7rTiov<;, " dpvaaaOe,^ eiirev, " 0)9 ^eiXov Kal ifiov.^^ XXIX ^^P- 'H fjbev Br) AtyvTTTOf; a)Be dvea^ev, d7reiprjK6Te<; tjBt) Bl a eiTie^ovTO. Karcwv Be tov lepov ^vvfjyjre tw 526 I LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V to ApolloniuSj and, as if making prayer he said xxvni to him: "Do thou make me king." And he g^ answered : " I have done so ah-eady, for I have converses already offered a prayer for a king who should be Apoiionius just and noble and temperate, endowed with the f^^'^^, .
  • ' r ^ kingship
wisdom of grey hairs, and the father of legitimate sons ; and surely in my prayer I was asking from the gods for none other but thyself." The emperor was delighted with this answer, for the crowd too in the temple shouted their agreement with it. '^ What then/' said the emperor, " did you think of the reign of Nero.^*" And Apollonius answered: Nero perhaps understood how to tune a lyre, but he disgraced the empire both by letting the strings go too slack and by drawing them too tight." "Then," said the other, "you would like a ruler to observe the mean .f* " "Not I," said Apollonius, " but God himself, who has defined equality as con- sisting in the mean. And these gentlemen here, they too are good advisers in this matter," he added, pointing to Dion and Euphrates, for the latter had not yet quarrelled with him. Thereupon the king held up his hand and said : " O Zeus, may I hold sway over wise men, and wise men hold sway over me." And turning himself round towards the Egyptians he said : " You shall draw as liberally upon me as you do upon the Nile." ^ XXIX The result then was that the Egyptians regained chap. their prosperity, for they were already exhausted by the oppressions they suffered ; but as he went down 527 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. ^AttoWcovlo) rt)v '^elpa, koX Trapa^yafyQiv avrov 69 ra /3aaL\eia, " Tcrft)?," ecprj, " /jLeipa/cicoST]^ ivioL^ BoKO) jSaaiXeiaf; aTTTOfxevo^; irepl €to<; e^r)KoaTov Tov /Slov Scoaco ovv djroXo'yiaVy 01)9 aTToXoyolo virep i/jLOv T0t9 aXXoL'^' iyci) yap ttXovtov /xev r)Tr'r]Oel(; ovSe iv fieLpaKio) irore olha, tcl^ he ap)^d<; T6 /cat \ap.7rpoTr)Ta<;, oiroaat rrj 'FcofjcaUov dp^y irpocnfjKovaiv, ovto) crG)cf)p6v(o<i koI p.eTpL(o<; BieOefiTjv, ct)9 /xT^re v7Tep(f)pa>v p^tjr^ av fcareTrrrj'^co'^ So^aL, vecorepa Be ovB^ iirl Nepcova iveOvp,7]07}v, dW iTTetSr] TTjv dp^i-jv, el /cat /xr) kutcl v6/jlov<;, Trap' dvhpo<i yovv avroKpaTopo^; irapaXa^oov el^ev, v(pLep,7]v avT(p hid tov KXavSiov, 09 vTrarov re dTreSei^e yu-e Kal ^ij/jL^ovXov tmv eavrov' /cal vr] rrjv W6r)vdp, OTTore ^epcova lSol/jLL do-'^rjfxovovvTa, Bd/cpvd pioi e^eTTiTTTev iv6 v jjlov jievw tov KXavhiov, v(p* OLov /caOdpp.aTO<i to fieyicTTOv tmv eauTOv eK\r)povofM')]Or]. 6pa)v Se firjS^ oiroTe ^epwv eKrroBcbv ykyovev iwl to Xwov p^eOicTTdp^eva ra tcov dv- dpcoTTcov, aW' ovTco^ aTt/xa)9 TrjV dp-)(riv irpaT- Tovaav, d)<; eirl BireXtw /ceia6ai, Oappcov rjSr] eV avTrjv elpLL, TrpcoTOV fxev, iirethr] ^ovXofiac Tot9 dvdp(O7T0i<; Trapaa^etv ifiavTov ttoXXov d^Lov, ecTa, eireihr] irpo<; dvOpwirov dycov eaTac KpaiTraXoyvTa' BtTeX£09 ydp fivp(p p.ev Xovtul irXeloT rj iyo) uSaTC, SoKel Se /jLOL /cal ^tcpei TrXijyel^; /xvpov eKhdxieiv /jbdXXov rj al/ma, ocvo) 8e olvov ^vvdirTcov fiatveTaL, Kal Kv/Sevei fiev 8eSia)<; pDJ tl avTov 01 it6ttoI 528 LIFE OF APOLL(3XILS, BOOK V from the temple he grasped the liand of ApoUonius, chap. and taking him with liim into the palace^ said : ^^^^ " Perhaps some will think me young and foolish ^^^ reignlT *^ because I assume the reins of kinjj^shipin the sixtieth '^f i\is year of my life. I will then communicate to you my reasons for doing so, in order that you may justify my actions to others. For I was never the slave of wealth that I know of, even in my youth ; and in the matter of the magistracies and honours in the gift of the Roman sovereign, I bore myself with so much soberness and moderation as to avoid being thought either overbearing or, on the other hand, craven and cowardly. Nor did 1 cherish any but loyal feelings towards Nero ; but, inasmuch as he had received the crown, if not in strict accordance with the law, at any rate from the autocrat, I submitted to him for the sake of Claudius, who made me consul and sharer of his counsels. And, by Athene, I never saw Nero demeaning himself without shedding tears, when I thought of Claudius, and contrasted with him the wretch who had inherited the greatest of his possessions. And now when I see that even the disappearance from the scene of Nero has brought no change for the better in the fortunes of humanity, and that the throne has fallen into such dishonour as to be assigned to Vitellius, I boldly advance to take it myself ; firstly, because I wish to endear myself to men and win their esteem, and secondly, because the man I have to contend with is a mere drunkard. For Vitellius uses more ointment in his bath than I do water, and I believe that if you ran a sword into him, more ointment would issue from the wound than blood ; and his continuous bouts of drinking have made him mad, and one who were he 529 VOL. I. M M FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. a(f)i]Xcoai,v, virep Be npXV'^ avappLirrel TraL^cov, eraipai'^ Se viroKeiixevof; eTnBopvvTai rat? yeya- /jL7]/jb6vaL<i, rjSiCO (j)d(TKCov TCL /xera klvSvvcov ipcorc/cd. 60) TCL daeXyeaTepa, o)? /x?) roLavra eVl aov Xeyoi/jii' fir) Br) TrepuBoL/jLL 'V(D[iaiov<i hiro toiovtov dp-^OevTa^;, aXV r)yefjLova^ TroLovfjuevo^ tou? Oeoi)^ dvr)p yiyvoLjxrjv epuavTS) 6/jloco<=;' oOev 6k aov, ^KiToWoovie, Tretafxa iyco /SdWofxaL, (pacrl yap •nXelard ae tcov Oeoiv alaOdveaOaL, koI ^v/jl- ^ovkov TTOLOv/jLai (J€ cfipovTiBcov, icj)^ a*? ioTL yfj Kol OdXarra, Xv el /lev evjjbevr) rd irapd icdv Oecov (patvoLTo, irpdTTOtjxi ravra, et Be evavTia fcal fir) 7rpo<; ifiov fxrjBe 'Pcofiaicov, fir) evo')(\oLr)v rou? Oeov<i XXX CAP. '^TTiOeLdaa^ 3' o ^K.iroWoiiVLO'^ rco Xoyoa, " ZeO,*' XXX e^r), " KaTTiTwXte, ae yap twv irapovrcov irpay- fidrcov l3pa^€VTr)v olBa, (pvXaTre aeavTov fiev TOVTW, aeavTW Be tovtov tov yap vecov, ov %^69 dBiKOi %€t/3€9 ive7rpr)aav, TovBe aol tov dvBpa dvaaTTjaai ireTrpcoTai. OavfidaavTO^ Be tov l^aaCKew^ tov XoyoVy " auTa," elirev, " avTu BrfXaoaet, 530 LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK V diceinff would be full of apprehension lest the chap. j)ieces should play liim false, is yet ha/arding the ' empire in play ; and though he is the slave of mistresses, he nevertheless insults married women, and says that he likes to spice his amours with a little danger. His worst excesses I will not mention for I would rather not allude to such matters in your presence. May I then never submit tamely, while the Romans are ruled by such a man as he ; let me rather ask the gods to guide me so that I may be true to myself. And this, Apollonius, is why I, as it were, make fast my cable to yourself, for they say that you have the amplest insight into the will of the gods, and why I ask you to share with me in my anxieties and aid me in plans on which rests the safety of sea and land ; to the end that, supposing the good- will of heaven show itself on my, side, I may fulfill my task ; but if heaven opposes and favours neither myself nor the Romans, that I may not trouble the gods against their wills." XXX Apollonius clinched his words with an appeal to chap. heaven : " O Zeus," said he, " of the Capitol, for thou .' " , 1 T 1 11 1 • f» 1 "^" example art he whom 1 know to be the arbiter ot the present of issue, do thou preserve thyself for this man and this g^^of"^^^^** man for thyself. For this man who stands before thee second sight is destined to raise afresh unto thee the temple which only yesterday the hands of malefactors set on fire." And on the emperor expressing astonishinent at his words : ^' The facts themselves," he said, will reveal, so do thou ask nothing of me ; but continue and 531 M M 2 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS <^'Ai'. fcal fJLT^hev ifxov Seov, Trepaive he, a opdoi^ e/3ov- XeycTft)." ^v/jL^€^7]fC6i 8e cipa Kara rrjv Va)p,r)v Aojji6Tiavov fiev tov OveairaaLavov iralha irapa- rerd'^OaL tt/jo? tov ^ireXiov virep rrjf; dp'^}]<; tov TraTpo^, TToXtopKia'^ 5' avTOv Trepta'^ovaT]'^ iv tu) KaTTtTwXto), TOV fiev hLairec^evyevai tov<; iroXiop- KovvTa<;, TOV veoyv S' efiTreTTprjaOat, koX too 'AttoX- Xcovlo) (^aiveaOai ttoXXco Oclttov rj el kut AcyviTTov €7rpdTT€T0. ToaavTa airovhacravTe^ o jiev cLTrrfkOe TOV (3a(TL\i(o<^, elircov /jLT) ^vy')(^cop6LV avTw tcl ^\vh6)v TruTpta KaTa pLeaTj/ju/Spiav dWo tl Trap a eKelvoi irpaTTOvai TrpuTTetv, o he dvekaiiire re ert fidWov Kol ov ^vve'^oopei toI^ irpdypbao-i hta- (fievyetv eavTov, dX)C co? ^e^aiwv re Kal avTw KaOcofjLo\oyi]/jievo)v elyeTO hi a rjKOvaev. XXXI CAP. T^ h vaTepaia irepl opOpov iirl tcl ^aaiXeia rjKOiv ^ ATToWcovLOf; rjpeTO tov<; hopv(j)6povs, o tl l3acn\ev<; irpdTTOi, ol he eypr^yopevat t€ avTOv TrdXat ec^acrav kol irpo^ €7rtcrTo\ai<; elvac. koI aKOvcra^; tovto aTrrfkOev eiTrcbv tt/do? tov AdfiLV " dvrjp dp^et.^^ eiraveXOcov he irepl tjXlov dvia'X^ovTa Alcova jjuev koX ^v(j)pdT7]v eVl 6vpai<; evpe, Kol irepl Trj(; ^vvovcna^; ^tXoTt/xa)9 epcoTcoai htrjXOe TTjv aTToXoyiav, fjv tov ^aacXeco^; rjKOVcre, Td<^ he avTov 8o^a9 aTreaLcoTrriaev. eafcXrjOel'i he 532 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V complete that which thou hast so rightly purposed." chap. Now it happened just then as a matter of fact that ^ in Rome Domitian^ the son of Vespasian^ was matched with Vitellius in the struggle to gain the empire for his father^ and was besieged in the Capitol, with the result that although he escaped the fury of the besiegers, the temple w^as burnt down ; and all this was revealed to ApoUonius more quickly than if it had taken place in Egypt. When they had held their conversation, he left the emperor's presence, saying that it was not permitted him by the religion of the Indians to proceed at midday in any other way than the Indians do themselves ; at the same time the emperor brightened up, and with fresh enthusiasm, instead of allowing matters to slip through his hands, persevered in his policy, con- vinced by ApoUonius' words that his future was stable and assured to him by heaven. XXXI Next day at dawn ApoUonius came to the palace chap. and asked the guards what the emperor was doing ; ^^^^ from whom learning that he had long risen and was wFus^an^^^ engaged on his correspondence, he went off and audience for remarked to Damis : "This man shall be sovereign." Euphrates About sunrise he returned to find Dion and Euphrates already at the door, in return to whose eager enquiries concerning the interview, he repeated the defence of his policy which he had heard from the emperor, though at the same time he let no word escape him of his own opinions. But on being summoned to enter in advance of them, he 533 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. 7rp(0T0(;, "w ySao-tXeO," elirev, *' Kv(f>pdTr]<; koI Alcov TToXao aoi yvcopifJiOL 6vr€<; Trpo? dvpac<; elalv ovk cKppovTiBe^; Twv ao)V' Kokei 8r} KaKeLvov^ e? kolvcv \o<yov, cro<pco yap rco avope. aK\eiaTov<;, €<p7],
  • ' dvpa^i 7rape')((iy (TO(f)OL<; avhpdat, crol Se /cal ra
arepva dv€^')(6at hoKel rd/jbd. XXXII CAP. 'Evret Be iaeKXrjOrjcrav, " virep fiev Trj*; ifiavrov Siavoia^J^ elirev, *' co dvSp€<;, aTToXeXoyrjfiac, %^e9 ^ AttoWcovlw tw yevval(p,'^ " rjKovaafjLev, ^ r) K o Aicov, " Trj<; d7ro\o<yia<;, /cal vovv et^e. ' *' Tij/juepov 8e," elvrev, ** w ^/X,e Atwi^, ^v/jL(j)L\ooro(j)ij(TCi)/jL6v virep TMV pe^ovXevfMevwv, Iv co? KdWiara Kal Kara acorrjpiav tmv dv6 p(t)7rcov irdvTa tt parrot, fir ivvotov yap irpwrov fiev rov Tt^epLOV, (w? e? ro drrdvOpcoTTOv re Kal ay/jbbv rrjv dp^rjv fierearrjo-ev, elra rov eir eKeivM Vdiov, ax; Scovvao/iiavcov /cat XvSl^cov rr]v crroXrjv Kal TroXe/xou? vikcov ovk ovra^ 69 irdvra ra ^Vcopiaiwv ala')(^pcb<; e^dK'X^evaev, elra rov 'X^prjarov KXavBiov, co? vtto yvvaicov rjrrrjOel^; eireXdOero rov dp-^eiv, dWd Kal rov ^rjv, diredave yap vir avrcov, w? (f)aai,, Nepcovo^; Be ri dv KaOarr- roi/ji7]v, elrrovro^ ^ AttoWcovlov I3pa')(yv Kai aOpoov \6yov irepl dveaeco^; re Kal eVtracrea)?, ah ^epwv ri]v ap)(^r]v r/a^vve ; n o av rrepi cov 1 aXpa<; ^vverarrev, ecTroL/JLCj 09 eV dyopd'^ fieai]^ direOavev 534 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V said : " O King, Euphrates and Dion, long your ac- chap. quaintances, are at your door, being highly anxious for your welfare. I pray you, call them in also to join in our conversation, for they are both of them wise men." '• I throw my doors open," he replied, "^ to wise men ; but to you I purpose to open my breast as well." XXXII When they had been called in, he continued : chap. ^' In defence of my own plans, I said, gentlemen, x^^ii what I had to say, yesterday to Apollonius our gjaS esteemed friend." "We have heard that defence," retrospect said Dion, "and it was most reasonable." "Well, to-day," he went on, "my d^ar Dion, let us concert some wise conclusions in support of the counsels adopted by me, of a kind to ensure my general policy being both honourable and salutary to mankind. For I cannot forget how Tiberius was the first to degrade the government into an inhuman and cruel system, of how he was followed by Gains, who filled with Bacchic frenzy, dressed in Lydian fashion, won sham fights and by his disgraceful revels violated all Roman institutions. There followed the worthy Claudius, and I remember that he was so much the thrall of women as to lose all sense of sovereignty, nay even of self-preservation; for they say he was murdered by them. Nero I hardly need assail, for Apollonius in brief and terse remarks has exposed the faults of over-indulgence and undue severity by which he disgraced his reign. Nor need I dwell on the system of Galba, who was slain in the middle of the forum in the act of adopting those 535 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. rjTacprifievov'^ ecriroLMV iavro) Tralha^ rov ' OOcova Kat rov UeLcroova ; ei oe Kai nireXico tm ttuvtcov daeXyeo-rdro) rrjv dp'^rjv TrapaSotrj/jLev, dva/St-ojrj Ne/3ft)i/' opcov ovv, CO dvSp€<;, vcj)' o)v elirov rvpavvlScov Sca/Se^Xrjfjievov rb dp')(etv, ^v/jLfiov\ov<; vfjid^i ttolov- fMat, 7rco9 dv ScaOeifji'rjv avrb 7rpoaKeKpovKO<; rjSr} roL<^ dvOpoiirot^y 7rpo9 ravra o 'ATToWcoz^io?,
  • ' av\r)Ty<;,^^ €(f)7], *' tmv irdvv crocpcov rovf; eavrov
fjiaOrjTa^ irapd tov^ (f)av\or€pov<; rcov avXrjrwv eirepbire fjLa6r]ao/jL€vov<;, 7rft>9 Set /jlt) avXelv to /xev St], 7rco9 ^et /JLT) dp')(eiv, fiefiddij/caf;, m ^acriXev, irapd TOVTcov, ot 7rovr)pco<; rjp^av, to S\ ottox; Set dp^eiv, crTrovBdcTCiy/jbev,'^ XXXIII O 8 ^v(f)pdT7](; d(f)avco<; puev TjSr) i^dcrKatve tw CAP. > , ^ , ^ V f ^' xxxiii KiroWcovicp, irpoaKeipievov avTO) tov ^aaiXea opcjv fjbdWov T) To2<} ')(^prj(TTr)pioL'^ tov^ e? avTa tj/covtu^;, dvouhrjaa^ Se virep to jxeTpov t6t€ koI ttjv (pcovrjv iirdpa'^ irap^ o elcoOei, " ov %/?>;/' €(f>rj, " KoXa/ceveov Ta<i op/jLd<i, ovSe dvoiJTco'; avve/ccj^epecrOai toc<; irapd TTjv rjVLav TO irpaTTovcn, KaTappvO jjbi^eiv he avTov^y elirep (f)i\ocro(f)Ov/i,ev a yap ei irpoarjKei irpaTTecVy eSei l3ov\€vo/jbevov<; ^aiveaOai, TavO^ ovireTrpd^eTai TpOTTOv KeXevec^ Xeyetv ovttco jxaOoov, el virep it pa- I LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V strumpet sons of his Otho and Piso. As for \ itellius, chap, we had rather Nero should come to hfe again than ^^^'^ betray the empire to him, the most dissolute of all. Perceiving then, my friends, that the throne has fallen into hatred and contempt by reason of the tyrants 1 have enumerated, I would fain have you advise me how best I can restore it, so that it should not remain what it has become, namely, a stumbling block to mankind." Apollonius replied as follows : " There was a first-rate flute-player, it is said, who used to send his pupils to much worse artists than himself, that they might learn how not to pipe. As then you, my sovereign, have learned from these your good-for-nothing predecessors, how not to rule, let us, then, now turn our attention to the problem, how a sovereign ought to rule." XXXIII While Apollonius spoke, Euphrates concealed the chap. jealousy he already felt of one whose utterances clearly interested the emperor hardly less than those Eup^hrates, of an oracular shrine interest those who rei)air to it for i" favour of rGstorinfif H guidance. But now at last his feelings overcame him, Roman and, raising his voice above its usual pitch, he cried : i^^P"^!^'^ "We must not flatter men's impulses, nor allow ourselves to be carried away against our better judg- ment by men of unbridled ambition ; but we should rather, if we are enamoured of wisdom, recall them to the rhythm of life. Here is a policy about the very expediency of which we should first calmly deliberate, and yet you would have us prescribe a way of executing it, before you know if the measures under discussion are desirable. For myself, I quite 537 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. KT€(ov ol \6yot. iyco Se J^iriXiov fiev KarakvOrjvai /ceXevay, fitapov yap tov dvOpcoirov olBa koX /leOv- ovra aaeXyeia irdcrr), ae 8 avhpa elSa)^; ayaOov kol yevvacoTrjri Trpovxovra, ov (f)r)/jLt '^prjvac ra /juev IBireXiov hiopOovadat, ra aeavrov Se /jltJttco elhevat. oaa jjbev hr] at fiovap^iac v^pl^ovcrcv, ovk ifjLOv XPV jMavOdvetv, aW avro^ €ipr]Ka<;, ycyvdocTKOcf; 8' dv, &)9 veoTTjf; fjbev eirX rvpavviha irrjBcocra TrpoarJKOvra iavrfj TTov Trpdrrei, to yap TVpavvevetv ovt(o<; eoiKe veotf;, ft)? TO fjisOveiv, ox; to ipdv, Kal reo? /xev TVpavvevaa^ ovtto) KaK6<;,rjv fir)^ /juiaKpovo^; TrapoLTrjv TvpavvlBa Kal 0DfM0<; Kal daeXyT]^; Bo^j], yepovTO^; Be iirl TvpavviBa tjkovto^, TrpcoTT] atTua to TOiavTa /SovXeaOar Kal yap rjv <^iXdv6 pw'Tro<=; (^alvr^Tai Kal KeKOG-jjur^jievo^, ovk eKeivov TavTa vofiltovcnv, dXXd TTJf; r)XtKia<; Kal tov KaTtjpTVKevaL, Bo^ec Be Kal TrdXat tovtov Kal veo^ eTC e7n6v/jL^cra<; dfjiap- TelVi al Be TOiavTac d/iapTiai irpoaKeLVTau fiev BvaTv^la, irpoaKeiVTaL Be BetXia' BoKel ydp tl^ i) KaTayvov<; r?)? €avTov TV')(rj(; to ev V(p Tvpavvevaai wapeivac, r) TVpavvrfo-eiovTi. eKaTrjvaL eTepco SetVa? BrjTTOV avTov ft)? dvBpa. to fxev Brj r?}? BvcrTV)(La^ edadco, to Be r^? SetXta? ttco? irapaiTr^ar], Kn\ TavTa ^ep(ova Bokmv Belaai tov BeiXoTaTov ts Kai ^ Kayser omits ^^, which the sense requires, 538 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V approve of the deposition of Vitellius^ whom I know chap. to be a ruffian drunk with every sort of profligacy ; ^^^^^^ nevertheless^ altliough 1 know you to be a worthy man and of pre-eminent nobihty c f character^ I deny that you ought to undertake the correction of VitelHus without first establishing an ideal for yourself. I need not instruct you in the excesses chargeable to monarchy as such, for you have yourseli described them ; but this I would have you recognise, that whereas youth leaping into the tyrant's saddle does but obey its own instincts,^ — ^for playing the tyrant comes as natural to young men as wine or Avomen, and we cannot reproach a young man merely for making himself a tyrant, unless in pursuit of his role he shows himself a murderer, a ruffian and a debauchee,^ — ^on the other hand when an old man makes himself a tyrant, the first thing we blame in him is that he ever nursed such an ambition. It is no use his shewing himself an example of humanity and moderation, for of these qualities we shall give the credit not to himself, but to his age and inature training. And men will believe that he nursed the ambition long before, when he was still a stripling, only that he failed to realise it ; and such failures are attributed partly to ill luck, partly to pusillanimity. I mean that he will be thought to have renounced his dream of becoming a tyrant, because he distrusted his own star, or that he stood aside and made way for another who entertained the same ambition and whose superior courage he dreaded. As for the count of ill luck, I may dismiss it ; but as for that of cowardice, how can you avoid it ? How escape the reproach of having been afraid of Nero, the most 539 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. padvfjLoraTOV ; a yap iveOvfirjO')') Btr8t|^ eV avrov, ae, vrj rov JlpaKXea, eKoXei irpwrov. kuI yap arpanav eZ^e?, Kal r; Bvva/JLL<;, fjv iirl Tov(;^]ovBaiov<; 'y]y€<;, iTrtrrjSeLorepa rjv Tt/JLcop€LaOat ^epcova^ eKelvoL fiev yap TraXat a^earacnv ov fiovov 'Vcofjuaicov, aWa Kat TrdvTcov avOpanTcov ol yap jSiOV a/jLLKTOV €Vp6vT€<; KOi ol? /jL1]T€ KOIVT) TTyOO? avOpcoTTOv^ TpaTre^a /iTjre airovSal fjLrjre €V)(^al fjL^re dvaiai, ifkeov cK^earacnv tj/jumv tj Sovcra Kal ^(ZKTpa Kal ol virep ravra ^\v8ol' ovkovv ovS^ 6t/co9 ^v TLjJiwpelcrOaL tovtov<; acf^carafievovi;, ou? ffeXnov rjv fjurjSe KTaaOac. ^epcova Se rt? ovk av rfv^aro rfj eavrov ')(eipl airoKrelvaL, fiovovov TTivovra TO tojv avdpcoTrcov aifia Kal iv jieaot^ tol<; (j)6voc<; ahovTa ; KalroL e/xoO ra oira opda tjv tt/oo? TOL'9 VTTep aov X070U9, Kal oirore tl<; iKeWev a<f)LKOcro rpicrfjLvpiovf; ^lovBalcov aTroXcoXevao <f)aa- K(ov VTTO aov Kai irevraKia jjbvpiov; Kara tjjv e(f)€^i]<; ixd')(7]v, CLTroXapij^dvcov rov rjKovra ^Vfijie- Tpco<; rjpcoTcov, tl S' o dvijp ; /jlt) fiel^ov tl tovtcop ; iirel Be rov ^LreXcov ecBcoXov 7r€7roL7]fi€vo<; tov Nepwi^o? eV avTov aTparevetf;, a fiev ^e^ovXevaai, irpcLTTe, KaXa yap Kal ravra, ra Se irrl rovroi<; J)8e e')(er(i)' 'Pft)yLta/ot9 to ZripbOKparelcrOaL woXXov ci^iov, Kal rroXXa rcov ovrcov avrot<; eV eVe/z'?;? T>;9 rroXireia^; eKri^Oiy irave fjuovap-^tav, rrepl //? 540 LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK V cowardly and supine of rulers ? Look at the revolt chap. V "V "V Til against him planned by Vindex, you surely were the ^ man of the hour, its natural leader, and not he I For you had an army at your back, and the forces you were leading against the Jews, would they not have been more suitably employed in chastising Nero ? JFor the Jews have long been in revolt not only against the Romans, but against humanity ; and a race that has made its own a life apart and irreconcilable, that cannot share with the rest of mankind in the pleasures of the table nor join in their libations or prayers or sacrifices, are separated from ourselves by a greater gulf than divides us from Susa or Bactra or the more distant Indies. What sense then or reason was there in chastising them for revolting from us, whom we had better have never annexed ? As for Nero, who would not have prayed with his own hand to slay a man well-nigh drunk with human blood, singing as he sat amidst the hecatombs of his victims ? I confess that I ever pricked up my ears when any messenger from yonder brought tidings of yourself, and told us how in one battle you had slain thirty thousand Jews and in the next fifty thousand. In such cases I would take the courier aside and quietly ask him : ' But what of the great man .^ Will he not rise to higher things than this ? ' Since then you have discovered in Vitellius an image and ape of Nero, and are turning your arms against him, persist in the policy you have embraced, for it too is a noble one, only let its sequel be noble too. You know^ how- dear to the Romans are popular institutions, and how nearly all their conquests were won under a free polity. Put then an end to monarchy, of which you have repeated to us so evil a record ; and bestow 541 FLAVaUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Toiavra etpr)/ca<^, koX hihov Pco/jbaioL's fJLtv to tov o7)/jLov Kparo*^, aavTO) oe to t;\€vaepLa<; avTOL<; ap^ai. XXXIV CAP. ToaavTa tov "EvcbpaTov elirovTOf; opcov 6 'AttoX- XXXIV ^ ^ ^ ^" ^ . , \<jOVto(; TOV Aicova TrpoaTLOefievov ttj yvco/jLi), tovtI
  • yap Kol TM vev/xaTt €7r€B7]\ov koI oI? eTryvet
XeyovTa, " /xtj rt," c</)^, " Alcop, toI^ elpyjfievof^ TTpoaTLurj^; ; vi] lit , eiire, tttj puev o/jLOia, irrj be avofjbota' to fiev yap &)? ttoXXw jSeXTioyv av rjv ^epwva KaToKvwv fiaXXov rj to, tmv ^lovSaLcov StopOov/jLivo^;, rfyovfiai kci/jloI 7rpo<; ere elprjcrOat, av Se e(f>KeL<; ayoyva Trocov/jiivcp fxy KaTaXvOrjvai iroTe avTov 6 yap ttjv Tapa')(7]v tmv eKelvov Trpay/juaTcov €v TiOeixevo'^, ippcovvve ttov tov dvOpcoirov iirl TrdvTa^;, 01)9 /caKco'^ eppcoTo. Trjv he iirl tov BtreXtoz^ opjxr^v eTraivu}' tov yap Tvpavviha KaOeaTrjKvlav iravaaL fxeli^ov i^yovp^at to fxrjSe iaaai <^vvai. Brjfio/cpaTiav Se dcTTrd^o/jLac fiev — Ka\ yap el Tr]<; dpi(TTOKpaTia<; tjttwv 7]Be rj iroXcTeia, dWa Tvpavvihayv Te Kal oXcyap^iMV alpeTWTepa tol'^ (TcocppoaL — SeSca Be, fir) '^€Lp07]det<; qBrj 'Vco/jLaLov<; avTai al TvpavvlSe^; TreTrocrjKvlac ')(^a\e7rr)v epyd- (TcovTat TTJV /jbeTajSoXTjv, fcal /jLT) Bvvcovtui /irJTe 1 542 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V upon Romans a popular governnient, and on yoin*- chap sell* the glory of inaugurating for them a reign of * ' " liberty. "1^ XXXIV UGHOUT Euphrates' long speech^ Apollonius chap. that Dion shared his sentiments, for he ^^^^^^ Thro noticed manifested his approval both by gestures and the t^J" applause with which he hailed his words ; so he practicabii- asked him if he could not add some remarks of his restoration own to what he had just heard. " By Heaven, I can," answered Dion, ^'^and I should agree in part and in part disagreee with his remarks ; for I think I have myself told you that he would have been much better employed deposing Nero than setting- Jewry to rights. But your contention appears to be that he ought never to have been deposed, on the ground that anyone who composed the disorder of his affairs merely strengthened the fellow against all the victims of his power. I approve however of the campaign against Vitellius ; for I consider it a greater achievement to prevent a tyi*anny from ever growing up, than to put an end to it when it is established. And while I welcome the idea of a democracy — for though this form of polity is inferior to an aristocracy, nevertheless moderate men will prefer it to tyrannies and oligarchies, — I fear lest the servility to which these successive tyrannies have reduced the Romans will render any change difficult to effect ; I doubt if they are able to comport themselves as free men or even to lift their ^ Cp. Tacitus, Hist, i, 16 : digniis eram a quo respublica inciperet. 543 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. eXevOepuit^eiv fJirfre Trpo^ ^rj/jLo/cpariav ava^Xeirciv, coaTrep ol i/c ok6tov<; e? aOpoov (f>a)<; ^\€^{ravT€<i' oOev (j)7]/M Seiv Tov fxev l^criXtov i^coOeiv tmv irpa- y/jbdrcov, Kai w? rd'^LcrTd ye koI dpuara rovro ecrrai, ycyvecrOco, Sok6l Si /xoi irapaaKevd^eaOai /xev C09 TToXe/jLijaovTa, iroXepLov Se avrro urj irpo- KrjpvTT€LV, dWa TtfKopiav, el /xt] /xeOe^ro rijf; dp')(rj(:^ Kav e\r)<; avrov, toutI S* virdp^etv yyovfial croc /jLTfSe irovqaavTi, BlBov 'VoifJLaiOt^i aipecnv Tr]<; auTMV TToXLTeta^, Kav fiev alpoivrai Byj/u^OKparlav, ^vy')(oopei' tovtI ydp (TOL ttoWmv jxev TvpavvlBcov, ttoWojv Be ^OXv/jLTTidScov /jLel^ov, koX iravra'^ov [lev yeypdyjrr) Tr](; TToXeo)?, 7ravTa')(ov Be ecrrrj^ec^; ')(^a\KOV<;, i^fiiv B^ d(j>op/jLd(; 7rapaB(oaet<; Xoycov, al<^ ovre ' Ap/jL6Bi,o<; ovre ApLo-ToyeiTcov Trapa^e^XrjcreTaL Tt9. el Be /iovap')(tav TrpocrBe'^ocvTo, tlvl Xolttov dXX! i) (toI y]rrj(f)Lcraa9ai rrjv dp')(r]V Trdvra^; ; a yap €^(ov ')]Br] Tft) KOLvw irapTjcreL^y crol Bijirov ^.LoKkov rj erepw 0(oaov(TCV, XXXV CAP. XccoTTTj fiev ovv eirl Tovrot<; eyevero, Kal to irpoa- coTTov TOV paaiXeax; aycova e7reor]Xov ttj^ yp(jo/jLr}<^f eTrecBrj irdvd^ codTrep avTOKpdTcop '^pTj/xaTL^oyv Te Kal irpaTTCOv aTrdyecrdac eBoKei tt}? /3ovXr]<i TavTrj<;, Kal 6 ^AttoXXcovlo*;, " BoKelre fioi^^ elirev, d/juap- 544 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V eyes to a democracy, any more than people who chap. have been kept in the dark are able to look on a x^-^i^' sudden blaze of light. I conclude that Vitellius ought to be driven from power, and would fain see this effected as quickly and as well as can be ; I think however that though you should be prepared for war, yet you yourself instead of declaring war against him, ought rather to threaten him M'ith condign punishment, in case he refuses to abdicate ; and in case you capture him, as I believe you will easily do, then I would fain see you gixe the people of Rome the right to choose their own polity, and, if they choose a democracy, allow it them. For this will bring you greater glory than many tyrannies and many victories at Olympia. Your name will be inscribed all over the city, and brazen statues of you be erected everywhere ; and you will furnish us with a theme for harano^ues in which neither Harmodius nor Aristogeiton will bear comparison with you. If however they accept monarchy, to whom can they all possibly decree the throne except yourself? For what you already possess, and are about to resign into the hands of the public, they will surely rather confer on yourself than on another." XXXV There followed a spell of silence durino- which chap. wxv the emperor's countenance betrayed contending emotions ; for though he was an absolute ruler both encourages in title and in fact, it looked as if they were tryin o^ } ®*P^f ^" T 1 • i- 1 • 1 . .' » to make to divert nnn trom his resolution to remain such ; himself and accordingly Apollonius remarked : emperor 545 VOL. I. N N FLAVIUS PHTLOSTRATUS CAP. rdvecv avaXvovre^; ^acnXea irepl Trpay/ndrcov tjStj XXX\' ^e/SovXev/juevcov, e? dhokea')(iav KaOiard/jLevoi jxeu- paKLCoBrj Kol dpyorepav rod Katpov. el fiev yap €/jloI K€KTr]fjLeva) ^vvafJLLv, OTToarjv ovto<;, koI ^ov- Xevofxevo), tl Spa>r)v av tov<; dvOpcoirovi; ayadov, ^v/jL^ov\oc Tcbv TOLovTcov iyiyveaOe, Trpovffatvev av 6 X6709 v/jLlv — al yap (f)iX6(T0(f)0L yvco/jiai tov<; (f)i,\oa6(f)ov<^ Tcov (iKpoarcov htopOovvraL — dvhpl he ^v/x/BovXevovraf; vTrdro) /cal dpyetv eWiapuevw, Kal CO eroL/jLov, iireihav eKTreay t^9 dp^i)^;, diroXcoXevaL, TL Set eiTnrXrjTTeLV, el jjut) BicoOelrai rd irapd tt}? Tv^r](;, dXXd he^erac /juev avrd rjKOvra, jBovXeveraL Be, OTTCO^ '^prjaerai acoippovco^i ol? e^et; oiairep ovv, el dOXr)Tr]v opcovre^; evyjrv^ia re KareaKevaa p,evov Kal firjKei Kal Tr)v dpfjboviav rod acopLaro^; iTTiTij- Betov, 69 ^OXvfJLTTLav /SaSi^ovra 3t' ApKaSlaf;, yjBt] irpoo-eXOovTe^ ejrl fiev Tot'9 dvTL7rdXov<i eppcovvv/jiev, eKeXevojjbev Be avrov, eireiBdv VLKrjo-rj rd OXv/jLina, /jLTj KrjpvTTeadat rrj^; vlktj^, firjBe vire')(^eiv T'qv Ke(f>-. aXrjv Tco kotlvo), Xrjpelv dv eBo^a/juev rj irai^eiv e<; TOL'9 erepcop ir6vov<;, ovtco^; evdvpLovfievoL rbv dvBpa, Kal oTTocrrf jxev al^/^V '^^pl clvtov, 07r6<TO<; Be ^aX/co9 darpdirrei, itXtjOo'^ Be ittttcov oaov, avTO<; Be 0)9 yevvalo^ re Kal crdxppcov Kal Trpeircov Karao-'^eLV d Biavoelrat, irefjurcofiev e<f) a copiirjKev aiaia fxev (f>0eyy6jjievoL 7r/)09 avrop, evcp^jfiorepa Be 546 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V " It seems to me you are mistaken in trying to chap. cancel a monarchical policy when it is already a ^^^^ foregone conclusion ; and that you indulge a garrulity as childish as it is in such a crisis idle. Were it I that had stepped into such a position of influence as he has, and were I, when taking counsel about what good I could do to the world, treated to such advice as you now give, your arguments would carry some force, for philosophic aphorisms might amend the philosophically-minded of your listeners ; but as it is a consul and a man accustomed to rule, M^hom you pretend to advise, one moreover over whom ruin impends, if he fall from power, need we carp, if instead of rejecting the gifts of fortune, he welcomes them when they come, and only deliberates how to make a discreet use of what is his ovvn.^ Let us take a similar case. Suppose we sav>' an athlete well endowed with courage and stature, and by his well- knit frame marked out as a winner in the Olympic contest, suppose we approached him when he was already on his way thither through Arcadia, and, while encouraging him to face his rivals, yet insisted that, in the event of his winning the prize, he must not allow himself to be proclaimed the victor, nor consent to wear the wreath of wild olive, — ^should we not be set down as imbeciles, mocking at another's labours . Similarly when we regard the eminent man before us, and think of the enormous army at his disposal, of the glint of their brazen arms, of his clouds of cavalry, of his own personal qualities, of his generosity, self-restraint, of his fitness to attain his objects, — ought we not to send him forward on the path that leads to his goal, with favouring encouragement, and with more auspicious 547 N N 2 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. TOVT(cv Trapeyyvoovref;. ovre yap e/celvo eveOv- jLLi]Or]T€, OTt hvolv TTaiSoiv Trarrjp ovto<;, ol arparo- iriScov rjhrj ap')(ovaiv, ol^ el /jltj irapaSooaec rhv ^PXV^> e^^tcTTOt? ')(pr)a€TaL, koI tl Xolttov, aX)C i) iKTreiroXe/jLyjaOai Trpo^ rov eavrou oIkov; ttjv Se dp')(r)v vTToSe^d/jLevo^ OepaTrevaerac jiev vuo tmv eavTov TralScov, aTypt^erac Be eV avrayp ical iir avTov ol TralBe^, Bopv^6poi<; he avTOV ^/OT^o-erat, fia At , ov /jL6fiia6cL>fiepoL<i, ovS' yvayKacr/jLevoL^;, ovSe 7r\aTTO/ji€voc(; evvovv irpoaoiirov, aXX' eVtrr;- SeiOTdToi<; re koI (^lKtcltol^. 'EyLtot 7roXLT€La<; jiev ovBe/jLia^; fiekei, ^o) yap inro T0t9 6eol<^, TTjv Se Tcov dv6 poiirodv ciyeXyv ovk d^cco ^OeipeaOaL %^Tet ^ovkoXov Bi/calov re kuI aco- cf)povo(;. coairep yap el<i dperfj irpov'^wv ixeOiaTiiaL Tr]v SijimoKpaTiav e? to evo<; dpSpo*^ rov dplarov dp^r]p (paiveaOat, ovt(o<; rj €vo<; dpyii TrdvTa e? to ^v/ji(f)6pov rov fCOLVOv irpoopoyaa hrjfJLO<^ iariv. ov KareXvcra^;, (firjcri, ISlepcopa. av Be, Evcppdra; Alcop Se; 6760 Be; dW oyLtco? ovBels y/jilv eimrXi^TTeL tovto, ovB rfyetrai BecXovf^, el (piXoaoc^cov dvBpcov jjuvpla^; '^Brj icaOeXovTwv TvpavviBa^, d7reXeL(f)0i]fxev rjfxel^ rov Bo^at virep eXevdepia^ ri Trpdrretv. kultoi to ye eV ep^ol Kal nrapeTaTTopLrjv '7Tpo<; 'HepcDva, iToXXd fiev KaKOTjOco^ BieXey)(6el(;^ Kal rov wfioTarov TiyeXXlvov eiriKo^^a^; dKovovra, d Be irepl rd eaTrepia tmp ^(oplcov dxfyeXovv YilvBtKa, ^epcovc ^ Kayser reads SmAex^fts against the sense. I LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V pledges for his future than these you have recorded ? chap For there is another thing you have forgotten, that ^^^^ he is the father of two sons wlio are already in command of armies, and whose deepest enmity he will incur if lie does not bequeath the empire to them. Is he not confronted by the alternative of embroiling himself in hostilities with his own family? If however he accepts the throne, he will have the devoted service of his own children, they will lean on him and he on them, using them as his body- guard, and, by Zeus, as a bodyguard not hired by money, nor levied by force nor feigning loyalty with their faces only, but attached to him by bonds of natural instinct and true affection. " For mvself I care little about constitutions, seeing; that my life is governed by the Gods ; but I do not like to see the human flock perish for want of a shepherd at once just and moderate. For just as a single man pre-eminent in virtue transforms a democracy into the guise of a government of a single man who is the best ; so the government of one man, if it provides all round for the welfare of the community, is poj)ular government. You did not, we are told, help to depose Nero. And did you, Euphrates, or you, Dion? Did I myself? However, no one finds fault Avith us for that, nor regards us as cowardly, because, after philosophers have destroyed a thousand tyrannies, we have missed the glory of striking a blow for liberty. Not but that, as regards myself, I did take the field against Nero, and in response to several malignant accusations assailed his cut-throat Tigellinus to his face ; and the aid I ren- dered to Vindex in the western half of the empire was, I hardly need say, in the nature of a redoubt raised 549 FLAM us PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Srjirov eireTeiy^i^ov. aXk ovre ifiavTov Bia ravra (f)7]aci) KaOinprfKevai rov rvpavvov, ovre vfxa<^, iirel firj ravT eirpdrrere, ixaXaKcoTepov; rfyi^aofxai tov (f)t\ocro(f)ia 7rpo(T7]KOVTO^. avSpl fiev ovv (j)i\oa6(f)0) TO eVl voup eXOov elprjaerai, iroirforeTaL Se, oi/jLac, Xoyov TOV /jbjj TL avorjT(io<^ i) ixavLK(/}<^ elirelv vitcltm S' ivOvfjLOVjjLevw /caTaKvaat Tvpavvov irpoiTOV fiev Bel /SofX?}? 7rX€iovo<;, I'v e'f d(f)avov<; irpoa^air) toI^ TTpdy/jiacnv, eiT eiriTr^heiov a')(^r]fjuiT0<; e? to /jltj Trapop/cetp BoKecv. el yap eV avTov, o? d7re(f)7]vev avTov crTpaTr)yov koI to to, ^ekTiaTa jSovXevo-etv Te Kal irpd^eiv oypLoae, jjueWoL ')(pr](TeaOac toi<; OTrXot?, diroXoyelaOai Brjirov T0Z9 Oeol^; Set irpoTe- pov, 0)9 ^vv 6(7 ia iirtopKOvvTa, (f)i\cov Te Set irXeto- vwv, ov yap d'^apafccoTOV<; ye, ovSe d^pdKTOV<; '^prj TO, TOtaVTa TTpdTTetV, Kal ')(p7]/jtdTCi)V ft)9 7T\ei(7T(tiVy Iv VTroTTOtrjaatTo Ta9 Svvdfjtet<; Kal TavTa eirtTtOe- fjievo^ dv6pci)7T(p TO, iv Trdcrrj ttj yfj KeKTrjjuevtj). Tpt^rj Se 6(711 irepl TavTU, ocrot Se ')(p6vot. Kal TavTa /Jtev eKSe')(ea6e, ottt] fiovXeaOe, /jltj yap 69 eXey-^ov tcofjuev mv eveOvfirjOfj jxev, €09 eiKOf;, ovto<;, V '^^X^ ^^ ovSe dyQ)vt(7a/jLev(p ^vveXa/3e' irpb'i Se eKelvo Tt epetTe; tov yap %^e9 dp^ovTa Kal <7Te(f)- avov/utevov fiev vtto tcov iroXecov ev tol<; Sevpo lepot<;, 'X^prjp,aTi^ovTa Se XafxirpM^; Kal d(j)66v(o<;, 550 I iii LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V against Nero. But I should not on that account chap. claim for myself the honour of having pulled down ^^^^ that tyrant, any more than 1 should regard your- selves as falling short of the philosopher's ideal of courage and constancy, because you did nothing of the sort. For a man then of philosophic habit it is enough that he should say what he really thinks ; but he will, I imagine, take care not to talk like a fool or a madman. For a consul, on the other hand, who designs to depose a tyrant, the first requisite is plenty of deliberation, with a view to conceal his plans till they are ripe for action ; and the second is a suitable pretence to save him from the reproach of breaking his oath. For before he dreams of resorting to arms against the man who appointed him general and whose welfare he swore to safeguard in the council chamber ancj on the field, he must surely in self-defence furnish heaven with proof that he perjures himself in the cause of religion. He will also need many friends, if he is not to approach the enter- prise unfenced and unfortified, and also all the money he can get so as to be able to win over the men in power, the more so as he attacks a man who commands the resources of the entire earth. All this demands no end of care, no end of time. And you may take all this as you like, for we are not called upon to sit in judgment on ambitions which he may possibly have entertained, but in which fortune refused to second him, even when he came to fight for them. What answer, however, will you make to the following proposition ? Here is one who yesterday assuined the throne, who accepted the crown offered by the cities here in the temples around us, whose rescripts are as brilliant as they are ungrudging : do you bid him 551 FLAVIUS PFIILOSTRATUS CAP. TOVTOv iceXevere STjjjLoaia fct^purretv rrjixepov, o)? XXXV , \ ,/ ,. / ^ 5VV , X > LOL(t)Tr)<; fxev etr] Xolttov, irapavooiv oe ein rrjv ap')(r]v rfkOev; oyairep yap eTTireXayv ra SeSoyfxeva irpoOvjjiov^ Sopv(f)6p6v<;, ol<; Trcarevcov ravr eveOv- jJirjOt^, TrapaaTT^aerai, ovrco^; e? to /jbeOiaracrOaL TMV So^dvTcov rjKwv TToXe/jLLO) To3 fiera ravra aTrio-TOV/jiivfp '^(^pijaerai,. XXXVI CAP. "Aa/jL6Vo^ TOVTcov aK0V(7a<; 6 ^adtXev^;, " el rrjv XXXV 1 'xjrv^ijv, e<pr), " ttjv i/Lirjv a}/c6L<;, ovk av ovrco cracfyct)'^, a eveOvjJirjOiiv, airrj'yyeLKa^' eTTo/jbai, Bt] aoi, Oeiov fyap r]yovixai to i/c crov irav, /cal oTToaa ')(^prj Tov a<ya6ov /SacrtXea irpcLTTCLV BiSacrfce.^^ /cal 6 WttoWcovw;, " ov BiBaKTa /xe/' e^^, " €po)Ta<;' jSaorikeia yap jieyicrTOV [lev tcov /caT^ avOpwirov^, dSiSa/CTOV Se. oiroaa S ovv fioL BoKels irpaTTcov vyi(o<; dv Trpd^ac, fcal Br) (^pdaw it\ovtov rjyov fxr) TOV diToOeTOV — Ti yap jBeXTioov ovto<; t?}? oiroOevBri ^vveve^Oeiar)^ yp-dfi/jiov ; — firjBe tov (pooTcovTa Trap* dvOpcoTTCov, ot ra? icrcfyopd^ oXocpvpovTai, Ki/3Br)\ov yap 6 ')(pV(jo<i Kal /miXav, rjv eV Bafcpucov rjiciy irXovTcp B^ dv dpcaTa ^aauKewv %pwo rot? [xev BeojjLevoL^ eirapKcbv, toI<; Be iroWa KeKTrjjjLevot^ 'Kape')((ov dcr(f)a\r} tov ttXovtov. to i^elvai aoi irdv, o TL ^ovXei, BeBcOi, acixppoveaTepov yap avrw SS2 I LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V issue a proclamation to-day to the effect that for chap. the future he retires into private life, and only ' assumed the reigns of government in an access of madness ? As, if he carries through the policy on ^ which he is resolved, he will confirm the loyalty of the guards relying on whom he first entertained it ; so, if he falters and departs from it, he will find an enemy in everyone whom from that moment he must mistrust." XXXVI The emperor listened gladly to the above and chap. xxxvr remarked : If vou were the tenant of my breast, ^ " . , , . " . , . •' . , ^ espasian is you could not more accurately report my inmost pleased thoughts. 'Tis yourself then I will follow, for every ^ggouJlJ; word which falls from your lips I regard as inspired ; therefore instruct me, I pray, in all the duties of a good king." ApoUonius answered : '^'^You ask of me a lore which cannot be imparted by any teacher ; The Sage's for kingship is at once the greatest of human attain- kingsWn ments, and not to be taught. However, I will mention you all the things which, if you do them, you will in my opinion do wisely. Look not on that which is laid by as wealth, — for how is it better than so much sand drifted no ijaatter from whence, — nor on what flows into your coffers from populations racked by the taxgatherer, for gold lacks lustre and is mere dross, if it be wrung from men's tears ; you will make better use of your wealth than ever sovereign did, if you employ it in succouring the poor, at the same time that you render their wealth secure for the rich. Tremble before the very absoluteness of your prerogative, for so you will exercise it with the greater moderation. Mow 553 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. XPV^V- /^V T^A*-^^ Twz^ acrra'^vcov tol'9 vy^Xov^ re XXXVI ^ / ^ ^ V f ^ , . , /cat v'7T€paipovTa<;, adiKO<; yap o rov ApicrTOT6\ov<; X0709, aXXa TO Bvavovv i^aipeL fxaWov, cocnrep Ta<^ dKdvOa<; rcbv Xrjicov, koI (fio/Sepos Sofcec T0Z9 vewrepa TrpdrrovcTL fjurj ev tm TiixoopelcrOaL, cOOC ev Tft) TLjJiMprjcreaOai, v6/jL0<;, 00 /SaaiXev, koI aov dpykrw a(J0(f)pov6crT€pov yap vo/jLoOeTTjcrec^, rjv /j,r] virepopa^ rcbv voficov. 6eov<; Oepdireve fxaXkov rj TTporepov fieydXa fiev yap Trap avrcov el\r)^a<^, virep fjbeydXoiv Be GV'^y. Kal ra /juev rfj dp'^fj irpoa- i^KovTa, ft)9 ^aatXev^; irpdrre, ra Se rw cro)/jLaTC, &)9 lBtd)T7]<;. Trepl Se kv^cov Kal fxeOrfq Kal ipcorayv Kal Tov Sta^e^XrjaOat 7r/909 ra rotavra ri av aoc Trapatvoirjp, ov (j)a(Ti firiBe icj) rj\tKta(; ravra iirai- veaat; TratSe^; elai aoc, /SaacXev, Svo Kal yevvaloLy (W9 (paaiv. ap')(e tovt'cov /judXtcrra, ra yap eKeivot^ dfjuapr^jdevra ere Stjttou hta^aXel. ecrrco Be croi Kal aireCXTj Trpb^ avrov^, o)<; ou irapaBcoaetf; ttjv dp^ijv a(j)caLV, el fxr) ttov KaXoi re Kal dyaOol fxeivwaLv, Xva pur) KXrjpovofJLiav 'qyoivrau rrjv dp')(r)v, d\V dpeTr]<; dOXa. rd^; Be ep/TroXLTevopbeva^; rjBovdf}^ rfj 'PdypLTf, TToXXal Be avrai,, BoKel puoLy a) ^acriXev, ^vp,p.eTpco<; iraveiv, y^aXeirov yap pbera^aXelv Brjpbov 69 TO dOp6o)<; acocj^pov, dXXd Bel KaT oXiyov epbTToielv pvOpbov Tal<; yvcop,aL<;, Ta p.ev ipavepcof;, Ta Be d<pavM<i Biop6ovp,evov. direXevdepayv re Kal Bov- Xo)v, 01)9 ^ ^PX^ ^^^ BlBcocriv, dveXwpLev Tpvcpijp 554 I LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V not down the loftier stalks which overtop the rest, chap. for this maxim of Aristotle's is unjust; but try ^^^^^ rather to pluck disaffection out of men's hearts, as you would tares out of your cornfields; and inspire awe of yourself in revolutionists less by actual punishment than by shewing them that they will not go un- ))unished. Let the law govern you as well as them^ O king ; for you will be all the wiser as a legislator for so holding the laws in respect. Reverence the gods more than ever before, for you have received great blessings at their hands and have still great ones to pray for. In what appertains to your prerogative, act as a sovereign ; in what to your own person, as a private citizen. About dice and drink and dissipation and the necessity of abhorring these vices, why need I tender you any advice, who, they say, never approved of them even in youth. You have, my sovereign, two sons, both, they say, of generous disposition. Let them before all obey your authority, for their faults will be charged to your account. Let your dis- ciplining of them even proceed to the length of threatening not to bequeath them your throne, unless they remain good men and honest ; otherwise they will be prone to regard it not as a reward of excellence so much as a mere heritage. As for the pleasures which have made of Roine their home and residence, and they are many, I would advise you, my sovereign, to use much discretion in suppressing them.; for it is not easy to convert an entire people on a sudden to a wisdom and temperance ; but you must feel vour wav and instil order and rhythm in their characters step by step, partly by open, partly by secret correction. Let us put an end to pride and luxury on the part of the freedmen and slaves whom 555 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. TO(TovT(p raTTeivorepov avTov<^ i6iaavTe<i (^povelv^ ocro) iJbei^ovo<^ heairorov eicriv. tl Xolttov oKhJ r) irepl Twv ri'^eybovwv elirelv, o'c e? ra eOvr) (poL- TMCTLv, ov irepl Mv avTo<; iKTre/jLyjrecs, apLo-TivSrjv jdp TTOV Ta<; cip')(a<^ hwaei^, aX\a irepl tmv kXtj- pwaoiievcov to ap-^eiv tovtcov yap tol'9 /nev wpocr- (f)opov<; TOL<; hOveaiv, a hLe\a')(ov, (f)7]fu Beiv 7re/jb7r€iv, 009 o K\r]po(;, eWrjvL^ovTa^; fiev 'EWr]vtfC(ov ap')(eiVy p(o/ubat'^ovTa<; Be ofMoyXcorrcov kcu ^vfKfxovcop, 06 ev Be TovT eve6v/x7]67)p, \e^a>' Kara rov^; XP^~ vov^, ov<; ev HeXoTTOvvrjao) BiyrcoijiTjv, rjyetro tt}? "^EWaSo? avOpcoiTO^ ovk elBax; ra 'EWijvcov, koI ovB^ ol '^'EX\97^'e9 TL eKeivov ^vvieaav. ea<^r}\.ev ovv fcal ea^aXrj tcl irXelaTa, ol yap ^vveBpoi re kg! Kotvcovol Trj<^ ev toI<; BiKacrTijpLOL'^ yvdyiirf^ eKairrfKevov Ta<; BiKa<^ Bia\a(3ovTe^ tov r]yeiJiovay oicnrep avBpdiroBov. TavTa jjlol, ^aaiXev, irapeaTi^ TTjfjLepov, ei Be tl Kal eTepov eiri vovv eX6oi, itoXlv ^vveXevao/jieOa. vvvl Be Ta TrpocrrjKOVTa ttj cip')(r) TTpcLTTe, fir) dpyoTepo^; tol<; vtttjkool^; 3o^?79." XXXVII CAP. 'O Be FjUCppaTi]';, " toI<^ /xev BeBoy/jLevot^; ^vy^co- pco, fc(p?7, Ti yap av irXeov fMeTaoLOaaKCdV irpaT- 556 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V your high position assigns to you, by accustoming chap. them to think all the more humbly of themselves^ xxxm because their master is so powerful. There remains only one topic to address you on ; it concerns the governors sent out to rule yie provinces. Of those you will yourself select, I need say nothing, for I am sure you will assign commands by merit ; 1 only refer to those who will acquire them by lot. In their case too, I maintain, those only should be sent out to the various provinces so obtained who are in sympathy, so far as the system of appointing by lot allows of it, with the populations they will rule. I mean, that over Hellenes should be set men who can speak Greek, and Romans over those who speak that language or dialects allied to it. I will tell you what made me think of this. During the period in which I lived in the Peloponnese Hellas was governed by a man who knew as little of the Hellenes and their affairs as they understood of his. What was the result ? He was in his mistakes as much sinned against as sinner, for his assessors and those who shared with him judicial authority trafficked in justice, and abused his authority as if he had been not their governor but their slave. This, my sovereign, is all that occurs to me to-day ; but if anything else should come into my mind^ we can hold another interview. So now apply yourself to the duties of your throne^ lest your subjects accuse you of indolence." XXXVII Euphrates declared his assent to all these con- chap. elusions, For," said he, " what can I gain by ' 557 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Toc/jit ; ^i\ocro<piav ^e, m jSaatXev, tovtI yap XoLTTov irpoaeiprjaei, rrjv fxev Kara (f)vcnv eiraiveL Kol aaird^ov, rijv Be SeoKKvTelv (pdaKOvaav irapai- Tov, Kara'^evhofJLevoi yap rov Oelov iroWa fcal dvorjra 77/1.0.9 eiraipovaivr ravrl /lev 7rpo<; rov AttoWcovcov avTw iXeyero, Be ovSev e7naTpa(f)el<; diTTjeL juLera rcov eavrov yvcopi/jLcov, Btavvaa^; rrfv aTTOvBrjv ^oyXopAvov he rov ^v(^pcnov Opaav- repov Ti irepl avrov Xeyecv, ^vvfj/cev 6 ^aai\ev<; Kal Sia/cpov6/ji€Vo<; avrov, " io-KaXetre,^' ^cj)?], " rov<; B€OfJLevov<; r/)? dp')(rj^ Kal diroXa^erco rj ^ovXrj ro eavrPfi; (T^?/yu.<x." Ovrco fjuev Sr] 6 ^v^pdr7]<; ekaOe Sta^aXcjv eavrov, /cal yap /BdaKavo^; re rw /SaaiXel Kal v^pLarirj<i eSo^e, Kal rov<; Xoyov<i tou? vTrep tt}? hri[jiOKparia<; oz)^ cb? eyiyvwaKev elprjKai^;, dXX! €9 dvriXoyiav rov ^ AttoXXcovlov St^ a irepl rrj<; dp^rj<; iKeivo) eSoKec ov [ir)v dTreppiTrrei avrov, ovBe eweS^Xov n opyrj<; irpo^i ravra. Kal rov ^icdva ovK eiryvet fjuev ^vvapd/xevov avrw rrjq yv(o/jL7]<;, ov firjv eiravcraro dyairoiv eTTt^a/ot? re yap rds SiaXe^ec^ eSoKec Kal ra<; epiSaf; irapyrelro, oypav re e7re<paLve rol'^ Xoyoi<;, oia rov 7rpo<; rolf} lepol^ dr/jLOv eKirvel, rrpoarjv he avrw Kal ro diroo-^^ehLd^eiV aptara dvdpcorrcov. rov Se 'AttoX- Xcoviov 6 /3aaLXev<; ovk i^ydrra fxovov, aXXa Kau vTreKecro avro) Suovri fxev rd dp^ala, BLrjyov/xevo) 558 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V continuing to oppose such teaching ? But^ O my chap. sovereign^ 1 have only one thing left to say^ and ^^^^ ^ that is that while you approve and countenance that seeks fo^^ philosophy which accords with nature, you should PJ^J"^!^^ have nothing to do with that wliich affects a secret against intercourse with the gods^ for we are easily puffed -^p^^^*^"^"* up by the many absurdities this lying philosophy falsely ascribes to providence." The above remark was aimed at Apollonius, who, how^ever, without paying any attention to it, departed with his com- panions as soon as he had ended his discourse. And Euphrates would have taken further liberties with his character, only the emperor noticed it and put him aside by saying, " Call in those who have business with the government, and let my council resume its usual form." Thus Euphrates failed to see that he only prejudiced himself, and gained with the emperor the reputation of being a jealous and insolent fellow, who aired these sentiments in favour of democracy, not because he really entertained them, but only by way of contradicting the opinions Apollonius held in regard to the empire. Notwithstanding, the emperor did not cast him off or shew any resentment at his opinions. As for Dion, he did not cease to be fond of him, though he regretted his seconding the opinions of Euphrates. For Dion was a delightful Description conversationalist and always declined to quarrel. *^ ^^" He moreover imparted to his discourses that sort of charm which exhales from the perfumes at a sacrifice ; and he had also, better than any living man, the talent of extempore oratory. Apollonius The the emperor not merely loved for his own sake, but lo^^Jf*^^ ^ was ever ready to listen to his accounts of antiquity, Apollonius 559 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Be TOP ^IvSov ^pacoTtjv, irora/jLOix; re avaypd(f)OVTt KoX Oripia, v(j)^ d>v i) ^IvSlkt] OLKeLrai, TrpoXeyovrt Ee fcal oTTocra oi Oeol irepl t/}9 (^PX*)^ €(f)aivov. e^eXavvcov Be T-79 AlyviTTOv ^vv(p/cicrfievy<i re /cal vea^ovcTTjf;, koli>cl>vov fiev Trj<^ ohov rov ^AttoWcovcov eTrocelro, tw Be ov/c iSo/cet ravra' AcyvTrrov re yap, oiroorrj eariv, ovttco ecopaKevai, rot? re Tvp,voL<;, ovTTco d(f)L'^6aL 69 \oyov, fjLciXa eaTTovhaKa)<; aoc^ia ^\vBiKfj dvTLKplvai XlyviTTLav. " ovhe ^elXov,^^ ecpr], eiTLov, oueu ap^erac. ^vvei^ ovv (BaaiXev^, on eV XlOioiTLav areXXerai, " rj/iayv be, (:(p^], ov fie/jLVijar]; vr] Hi , eiirev, fjv /SaaiXev^; dyaOo^ fiAvr)<; /cal aeavTov fxvqiJLOvevrj^y XXXVIII CAP. Mera ravra 6vaa^ 6 l3aaLXev<; ev tw lepw xxxviir (N \ ■) f -V >-^ / fcvvf/ o(opea<^ eTDJyyetXev avro) oi^fioaia. oe wairep alrrjaoiv, " riva'; 3e," elirev, *' w /SacnXev, Scoped^; Sa>cr6t9 ; " " BeKa" ecf^i], vvv, d(f)i/cofiev(p Be 69 rrjv 'J*(Ofi7]v rd/iid TraVra." fcal o A7roXXa)vio<;, '* ovKovVy^ e(f)r], " ^eiBeaOai fie ')(^pr) roiv aSiv 0)9 e/jLMV Kal fiT) airaOdv avrd vvv uTroKeiao/jLevd /iol dOpoa- dXX' e7rL/jLeXy6i]Ti rovrcoi', o) jSaatXev, fjidXXov, eoLKaac yap Beo/ievoi^;" eBeiKvve Be dpa Tot'9 irepl Tov Rv(f)pdTriv. 6 jjAv Btj ^aacXev^; 560 LIFE'OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V to his descriptions of the Indian Phraotes^ and to his chap. graphic stories of the rivers of India, and of the ^^*^^ '^' animals that inhabit it ; above all to the forecasts and revelations imparted to him by the gods concerning the future of the empire. On quitting Egypt, after settling and rejuvenating the country, he invited Apollonius to share his voyage ; but the latter declined, on the ground that he had not yet seen the whole extent of Egypt, and had not yet visited or conversed with the naked sages of that land, whose wisdom he was very anxious to compare with that of India. " Nor," he added, " have I drunk of the sources of the Nile." The emperor understood that he was about to set out for Ethiopia and said : "Will you not bear me in mind?" "1 will indeed," replied the sage, if you continue to be a good sovereign and mindful of yourself." XXXVIII Thereafter the emperor offered his sacrifice in the chap. XXXVTII temple and publicly promised him presents. But T^e Em- ApoUonius, as if he had a favour to ask, said : x\nd perors gifts what presents, O king, will you give me ? " " Ten," E°uphrates he replied, " now ; and when you come to Rome ^^^ ^ion. everything I have." And Apollonius answered : "Then I must husband your riches as if they were my own, and not squander in the present what is hereafter to be reserved to me in its entirety. But I pray you, O king, to attend rather to these gentlemen here, for they look as if they wanted something." And suiting his words, he pointed to Euphrates 561 VOL. I. 00 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. eKeXevaeu alrelv Oappovvra^;, ipvOptdaa^ 8e 6 Alcov, ** ScdWa^ov fxe, ^acnXev,'^ eiire, irpo^i AttoX- XcovLov 70V BtBdcTKaXov virep o)v avroXeyecv avro) eho^a, fiTjiTOi) irporepov avreiTrcav T(p dvhpir iiraiveaa^i ovv 6 ^acnXev<^, " %^^9>" €(f>r)y " rovro iyo) fjrrjaa koI vTrdp^ei' dXX aoTei virep hcDpea^y Kol 6 Alcov, " Aaadevrj^^,^^ ecfyr], " icrrl fjiev ef ^Airajjieia^ T7j<; iv rw ^cdvvoov edvec, ^v/jL(f)cXocro(f)Mv he jjlol ')(Xa/jivSo(; rjpdaOr) koI (TTpaTLcoTov ^iov' TovTov, eTTecBr) rpl^covof; rrdXiv ipav <f)r](jLV, dve<; rrjf; (TTpaTeia<;, Belrac Se avro^ ravra. ')(^apcet Se ifiol fiev diro^rivai avrov dvBpa dyaOov, e/ceivo) Be ^ijv, a)<; jBovXerai.^^ " dveicrdco,^' €</)?7, " 8iS(o/jiC Be avTw koI rd rcov iarpaTeu/jLevcov, iireiBr) ao(f>La^ ipa koI crou." koX /xerd rovrov e9 Tov ^v(f)pdTr)v e7reaTpd(f>ri, ro) Be eTno-roXrj ^vveriraKTo irepl wv jjret. rrjv fxev Brj iinaToXrjV Mpeyev, a)9 dvayvcoao/jieva) icaO^ eavrov, /SovXTjOel^; Be 6 jBaaiXev^ irapaBovvai rtva Kar avrov Xoyov dveyvco Br^jjuoaia Trdcnv' alrcov Be ecfyalvero rd fxev eavTcp, rd Be erepoi^, /cat rcov Bcopecov at fxev 'X^prjijuara rjcrav, al Be virep 'X^pr^fidrcov. yeXdaa<; ovv 6 ^KiroXXoavio^, ** elra virep BrjfioKpaTLa<;,^^ ^i>V> " ^vvel3ovXeve<i roaavra /jbiXXoyv alrrjaeiv ^aacXea ; " 562 i LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, HOOK V and his friends. The emperor accordingly pressed chap. XXXV' III them to ask boldly what they desired^, whereupon ^ Dion with a blush said : " Reconcile mC;, O king, with Apollonius my teacher for that I lately ven- tured to oppose him in argument ; for nev^er till now have I ventured to contradict him." The emperor, approving, said : " As long ago as yesterday I asked for this favour, and it is already granted. But do you ask for some gift." '^^ Lasthenes," replied Dion, "of Apamea, a Bithynian city, who was my companion in philosoj)hy, fell in love with the uniform and took to a soldier's life. Now, he says, he longs afresh to wear the sage's cloak, so would you let him off from the service, for that is the extent of his own request ; and you will confer on me the privilege of turning him into a saint, and on him the liberty of living as he wishes to." Let him be released," said the emperor, " but I confer on him the rights of a veteran, since he is equally fond of wisdom and of yourself." Next the emperor turned to Euphrates, who had drawn up a letter embodying his requests, and held it out in expectation that his sovereign would peruse it in private. But the latter was determined to expose him to criticism, so he read it out loud before everyone ; and it was found to contain various peti- tions, some for himself, some for others ; and of the presents asked some consisted of cash down and others of credit notes. Whereupon Apollonius with a laugh remarked : " Then your intention of asking a monarch for all this did not prevent you from giving him that good advice in favour of democracy." 563 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS XXXIX CAP. Ta [xev Srj ttj^ Sta(f)Opd^, ?) ' AttoWcovlw re koI ^vcj^paTT] iyevero, roidhe evpov, i^6Xd<javTo<; Be rod jBacriXeo}'^ KaOi^irrovro aKXifKwv e? to ^avepov, 6 fjb€V ^vcf)pdTr]<;' ^vv op<yfj re koX XotSoplatf;, 6 3' av (l)i\ocro<p(o(; koI ^vv eXe^^o) fxaXkov. oiroaa fiev Bt) ^v(j)pdTov KaryjyoprjKev, &)? irapd to TTpeirov (f)c\o<jo(f)ia 7rpdTT0VT0<;, e^eaTLV ^AttoWcovlov fxaOelv ifc tmv irpo<^ avTov eTrtaToXcov, TrXetof? ydp' ifjLol Be dcpCfCTea tov dvBpo^, ov yap eKelvov BiafBaXelv TrpovOep/qv, dWd irapaBovvai tov AwoWcoviov ISiov tol<; /jLtJitco elBoat. to /xevToc irepl TOV ^vXov Xeyofievov, XeyeTat Be eiravaTeiv- aaOai jxev avTO BtaXeyo/jueva) T(p ' AttoXXcovlo) , jxtj KaOcKecrOai Be, ol fxev iroXXol BeiVOTrjTC tov TreTrXtj^o/jbivov irpocrypd^ovaiv, iyco Be Xoyco-fiq) TOV irXrj^ovTO'^, Bi ov eyeveTO KpecTTCov 6pyrj<=; veviKr)Kvia<; rjBr). XL CAP. 'H Be TOV Atwi/o? <j)iXoao(j)ia pr]TopiKcoT€pa tw
  • AiToXXcovi(p e(j)aiveTo kol e? to ev(f>palvov KaTe-
(TKevaafievr) fxaXXov, 66ev BLOp6ov/jLevo<; avTov (firjatv, " avXo) koL Xvpa /jloXXov t) Xoycp OeXye, Kal TToXXaxov tmv tt/oo?- Aicova eTnaToXMV eTnirXrjTTeL ttj Brj/xaycoyla TavTy. 564 I LIFE OF APOLLOXIIS. BOOK \' XXXIX Such I find was the occasion of tlic quarrel chap. between Apollonius and Euphrates ; and after the ^^^^^ emperor had departed they openly attacked one tween^\poi- another, Euphrates in his anger resorting to coarse ^o^i^^ and insults^ which liis antagonist met in a philosophical spirit^ only refuting him. His accusations, I may remark, of Euphrates to the effect that his conduct violated the decencies of the philosophical life, can be learned from the ej)istles Apollonius addressed to him, for they are not a few. For myself I herewith dismiss this gentleman ; for it is no part of my scheme to say ill of him, but only to furnish with a life of Apol- lonius those who were as vet ignorant. As to the tale of the stick, which he is said to have brandished against Apollonius when he was discoursing, though Avithout applying it — most people attribute his having so refrained to the commanding dignity of the man he was about to strike ; but I prefer to set it down to the good sense of the would-be striker, and to think that it was that which enabled him to overcome an angry impulse which had all but overmastered him. XL Dion's philosophy struck Apollonius as being too chap. rhetorical and overmuch adapted to please and flatter, ^^ and that is why he addressed to him by way of JJj.^g^^'J"^ correction the words : '• You should use a pipe and a Dion. lyre, if you want to tickle men's senses, and not speech." And in many passages of his letters to Dion he censures his use of words to captivate the crowd. 565 FLAVIUS PIirLOSTRATrS XU CAP. Xo Be fXTj d(pcKea6ai avrov irapa tov paaiXea en, fiY)he ^vyyeveaOai ol fiera ttjv AtyviTTOv KaLroi KokovvTi KoX irXelara virep tovtov 'ypdc^ovri, oiToBev ^vve^T], SrjXcoaao /SovXofiar Nepcov eXev- Oepav cK^Yjice rrjv ^RWdBa aco(f)povecrTep6v re eavTov yvov<;, /cat iTravrjXdov al TroXet? 69 rjOr) AoypiKo, Kol WrrtKa, Trdvra re dvrj/Srjcre ^vv ofjLOVoia Tcov TToXeoyv, o /M'ijSe irdXac rj 'EWa? el')(^ev, OveaTra(Tiavo<; he dcptKo/nevo^; a^e/Xero avryv TovTO, crrdaei^ 7rpo^aXXo/jLevo<; koI dXXa ovttco t?}? eVt Toaovhe opyij'^' ravr ovv ov /xovov tol<; iraOovcriv, dXXa Kai rw ATToXXcovto) iriKporepa TOV Tf]<; jBaaiXeia^^ ijOov^; eBo^ev, 66ev eireareiXe Tu> jSacrtXel cbSe'
  • A7roXX(ovLO<; Oveo-Tracnav^ ^aauXel 'x^atpeiv.
'ESouXcocro) TTJV FjXXdBa, w? (^aai, kclI irXeov iiev otei Tc e^etv "E^ep^ov, XeX'r]6a<; Be eXarrov eywv Ne/)a)i^09* ^epcov yap e^i^v avro Trapynjaaro. eppcocro. T« > «  ft) aVTM. ^lal^e^XrifjLevo^ ovtoj 7rpb<;' EWr/z^a?, 0)9 BovXov- aOai avTov^ eXevOepov^ opra^;, tl e/xov ^vv6vTo<i Bej) ; eppaxTO. 566 I LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V XLI I MUST also explain how it came about that he never chap. approached the emperor again, nor visited him after ^^^^ . , 1 . . Ti 11 111 • ^ espasian s their encounter in hgypt, aitliough the latter m- treatment of vited him and wrote often to him in that sense. ^^^^• The fact is^ Nero restored the liberties of Hellas with a wisdom and moderation quite alien to his character ; and the cities regained their Doric and Attic characteristics^ and a general rejuvenescence accompanied the institution among them of a peace and harmony such as not even ancient Hellas ever enjoyed. Vespasian, however, on his arrival in the country took away her liberty, alleging their factiousness with other pretexts hardly justifying such extreme severity. This policy seemed not only to those who suffered by it, but to ApoUonius as well, of a harshness quite out of keeping with a royal temper and character, and accordingly he addressed the following letters to the Emperor : " ApoUonius to the Emperor Vespasian, Greeting. " You have, they say, enslaved Hellas, and you imagine you have excelled Xerxes. You are mis- taken. You have only fallen below Nero. For the latter held our liberties in his hand and respected them. Farewell." " To the same. " You have taken such a dislike to the Hellenes, that you have enslaved them although they were free. What then do you want with my company ? Farewell." 567 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS rp /> CAP. Tft) avTco. XLl * *■ Se avTov<; crTrovSd^cov iSovXcoaco. eppcoao. Ta fxev Sr) SiajSaXXovra OvecnraaLavov 'AttoX- \(t)Viw TOidSe iyevero, aKOvcov S' avrov ev Scarc- dejJLevov Tr}v fiera ravra dp)(^rjv irdaav, ovk d(f)av7j<; r]v 'xaipcov Koi rjyoTj/jLevo^ eavru) dyaOov irpdr- XLII CAP. Sav/jidaiov ^ AttoWcovlov KdKelvo ev KlyviTTW €00^6' Xeovra rj/jbepov airo pvrrjpo^; r]ye ri^;, oiairep Kvva, he ov jjlovov tov dyovra yKoXkev, dWd /cal 6(TTL<; TTpoaeXOoL, koi ijjeipe fiev TroWa^ov tmv TToXecov, Trapyec Be /cal e? ra lepa viro tov Ka6apo<^ elvar ovBe yap to tcov OvojJLevcdv alfia dveXc^^/uaTO, ouS' eVt TOL hepojievd re Kal pa^t^o/jieva tcov lepeicov 7jtt€v, dWd jxeXiTTovTai'^ BtrjyeTO Kal dpToc<; Kal Tpayrjfjbacn Kal Kpeoiv toI<; e(^6ol^, ivTV^elv Se rjv avT(p Kal olvov ttlvovtl /xt) fieOLCTTa- fxevcp TOV rj6ov<i. 7rpo<J€\6a)v Se tu> ^ KiroWwviw KaOrj/jLevo) €9 to lepov Tol<i re yovaaiv avTov irpoa- eKVv'i^aTo Kal iXcTrdpei irapd 7rdvTa<; dv6pci)7rov<;, o)? fiev ol TToWol (povTO, fitaOov eveKa, 6 Be 'AttoX- \(jL>Vio^, " BeiTal fiov,^^ €(f)r), " 6 Xecov dvaBtSd^at vjxd'^, OTOV dvOpcoTTOV ^jrv'^r)v €%6f eaTi Tolvvv "AyLtao-^? ovTo<;, /Saackev^ AtyvTTTOv irepl tov ^atTTjv vojjiovr iirel 8' 7]K0V(Tev 6 Xecov TavTa, dve/3pv- ')(r]aaTo eXeetvov Kal Opr)vcbBe<; Kal coXoc^vpaTO 568 LIFE OF APOLLONIl S. B(X)K V "To the same. ciiap. "Nero freed the Hellenes in piny, but you have enslaved them in'all seriousness. Farewell." Such were the grounds of Apollonius' taking a dislike to Vespasian. However^ when he heard of the excellence of his subsequent acts of government he made no attempt to conceal his satisfaction^ but looked at it in the light of a benefaction conferred on himself. XLII The following incident also of Apollonius' stay in chap. Egypt was thought remarkable. There was a man » The soul of led a tame lion about by a strings as it it had been a Amasis in- dog ; and the animal not only fawned upon him^ habits a but on anyone who approached it. It went collecting alms all round the ^owns^ and was admitted even in the temples^ being a pure animal ; for it never licked up the blood of the victims^ nor pounced on them when they were being flayed and cut up, but lived upon honeycakes and bread and dried fruits and cooked meat ; and you also came on it drinking wine without changing its character. One day it came up to Apollonius when he was sitting in the temples, and whined and fawned at his knees, and begged of him more earnestly than it had ever done of anybody. The bystanders imagined it wanted some solid reward, but Apollonius exclaimed : This lion is begging me to make you understand that a human soul is within him, the soul namely of Amasis, the king of Egypt in the province of Sais." And when the lion heard that, he gave a piteous and plaintive roar, and crouching dow-n began 569 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. ^vvoK\daa^, SciKpva leU avrd. Karayfrcov ovv avTOV o A7roXXQ)vco<;, ooKec, ecprj, Tre/jLTreiv tov Xeovra e? AeovToiroXiv dvaKeccro/jLevov rep lepw, ^acrtXea yap 69 to ^aaiXifccorarov tmv Orjpicov fjierajBaXovra ovk d^Lco dyeipetv, KaOdirep Tov<i 'TTTCd\ov<^ Tcbv dvOpcoTTcov. ivTevOev ol lepels ^vveX06vTe<; eOvaav rS ^ XpudcnhL, /col Koafjb7]aavT€<; TO 6r)pL0v (TTpeTTT^ Kol ratvLaL<; irapeTreixirov e? Tr)v AtyvTrrov avXovvre^; koI vfjLvovvT6<; Koi eir avrS dBovT€(;. XLIII CAP. 'lKavM<; 3e e'X^cov tmv Trepl rrjv ^AXe^dvSpeiav iareXXero e? Alyvirrov re koI e? AWioiriav eV ^vv- ovarlav TMV Tv/ivayv. tov p.ev St] ^levcTTTrov, eVetS?) TMV SiaXeyojMVCov rjBrj iTvyyave koL TrappTjcrca ')(prjcr6ac 8€cvo<; rjv, icaTeXiirev avToOi ecfyeSpov tw l^v(f)pdTr], Kol TOV Aioo-fcovpiBrjv IScov ovk ippco- fiiv(o<^ 7rpo9 TTjv dTroBrjfxiav StaKet/jievov Traprj- TTjcraTO Tr}<; ohov, tov<; 8e Xolttov'; ^vvayayoov, fxeTa yap Tov<; dTToXnrovTa^; avTov irepl ttjv AptKiav iTpocreyevovTO 7rX€lov<;€Tepot, hirjet tt/oo? avTov<; irepl tt}? diTohr]iiia<; ivOevSe dp^d/uL€VO<;' " 'OXvp,7riK7]<; TTpopprjaeco^, e(f)7], " heofxai irpo^ vfid<;, m dvhpe^' 'OXv/jlttlkt) Be 7rp6pp7]at<^ rj TOidSe elr] dv HXeZot TOi'9 ddX7]Td<;, eireihdv t/kt} 'OXvpLina, yvjivd- ^ovcTiV rj/xepcov TptaKOVTa ev avTrj Trj "YiXihi, Ka\ ^vvayay6vTe<; avTOv^ 6 jjuev AeX(/>09, ore TivOia, o he KopLvdLO<;, ore "ladpaa, " iVe," (j)aaLV, " i<; to (TTdhiov, Kal yiyveaOe dvhpe<; oloi vckuv, HXelot 570 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V to lament, shedding tears. Thereupon ApoUonius chap. stroked him, and said : " I think the lion ought to '^' '^ be sent to Leontopolis and dedicated to the temple there, for I consider it wrong that a king who has been changed into the most kingly of beasts should go about begging, like any human mendicant." In consequence the priests met and offered sacrifice to Amasis ; and having decorated the animal with a collar and ribbons, they conveyed him up country into Egypt with pipings, hymns and songs composed in his honour. XLIII Having had enough ot Alexandria the sage set chap. out for Egypt and Ethiopia to visit the naked sages. XLiii Menippus then, as he was by now a qualified disputant ^avS^°*^ and remarkably outspoken, he left behind to watch Alexandria. Euphrates : and perceiving that Dioscorides had not a strong enough constitution for foreign travel, he dissuaded him from undertaking the journey. The rest of his company he mustered, for though some had left him at Aricia, many others had subsequently joined him, and he explained to them about his impending journey and began as follows : — "^ I must needs preface in Olympic wise my ad- dress to you, my brave friends ; and the following is an Olympic exordium. When the Olympic games are coming on, the people of Elis train the athletes for thirty days in their own country. Likewise, when the Pythian games approach, the natives of Delphi ; and when the Isthmian, the Corinthians assemble them and say : ' Go now into the arena and prove yourselves men worthy of victory.' The 571 FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS CAP. Be, iirethav ccoctlv 69 OXvuTriav, SiaXeyovTcu Trpo? XLTII TOv<; dOXrjra^; c58e* " el ireTrovrjTai v/jlcv eVafta)? Tov e? ^OXv/jLTTuav ekOelv koX fiTjSev padvfMOV firjSe dyevve<; etpyacrTac, ere Oappovvre<;, ot? Se /ly o)Se 7]crK7jTat, '^copelre ol jBovXeaOe. awrfKav ol ofjbiXTjral tov Xoyov koI Kare/jietvav d/ji(pl T0f9 6L/coat irapa tw Mez^tTTTro), ol he Xotirol SeKa, ol/jiac, 6vTe<^, ev^d/jbevoc roL<i 6eol<^ koL olov ifi/3a- rrjpta ttXov OvaavTe<^, e')(^a)povp ev6v Trvpafiihoyv errl KayirfKwv oyovybevoi, Se^cov Oefievoi tov ^elXov. 7ro\Ka')(ov Se BteTrXeoTo avToc<^ o TroTafio'; virep LCTTopia's TO)v ev avTcp irdvTwv, ovTe yap ttoXlv ovTe lepov ov6^ oirocra Tefievr] KaT AtyvTTTOv, ovBev TOVTcov dipcovoc 7rapfj\6ov, dW lepov; TLva^i del Xo-yof 9 BcBacTKOfievoL re kol SiBd(T/covT6<;, /cal t) vav^i, Tjv e/jL/SaLT] 'A7ro\X<wz^to9, ecpKei OecoplSc. 572 LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V Eleans however on their way to Olyiiipia address the chap. athletes thus: ^ If ye have laboured so hard as to be ' entitled to go to Olympia and have banished all sloth and cowardice from your lives_, then march boldly on ; but as for those who have not so trained themselves^ let them depart whithersoever they like.' " The companions of the sage understood his meaning, and about twenty of them remained with Menippus ; but the rest, ten in number, I believe, offered prayer to the gods, and having sacrificed such an offering as men offer when they embark for a voyage, they departed straight for the pyramids, mounted on camels and keeping the Nile on their right hand. In several places they took boats across the river in order to visit every sight on it ; for there was not a city, fane or sacred site in Egypt, that they passed by without discussion. For at each tliey either learned or taught some holy story, so that any ship on which Apollonius embarked resembled the sacred galley of a religious legation. 573 INDEX INDEX Abae, temple at, visited by Apollouius, 399 Abinna, the end of Libya, 467 Acliilles, his regard for Nestor and Phoenix and Odysseus, 367, 369 Achilles' mound at Ilium, Apol- lonius spends night on it, 367 foU., 377 foil. Adrastea, goddess of justice, wry- necks hung up to remind the Persian kings of her, 77 Aegae, temple of Asclepius at, frequented by ApoUonius. 17; pliilosophic schools at, 17 ; seals at, 157 Aegeon, god of earthquakes, 357 Aegina, risk that Isthmian canal would flood it, 403 Aegospotami, rain of stones at, foretold by Anaxagoras, 9 Aeolus, his bag of winds, 255 Aeschines, son of Lysanias, refused gifts of Dionysius of Sicily, 97 Aesop, discussion of his fables, 493; his offering to Hermes, 497 Agraulus, temple of, oath of Ephebi taken in it, 395 Ajax, picture of, by Timomachus, 179; his tomb at Troy, 371 Ajax, name of Porus' elephant, 147, 181 Alexander and Porus, images of in the temple of the Sun at Taxila, 181 Alexander ascends Mount Nysa in India alone, 139; dedicates Porus' elephant, Ajax, to the sun at Taxila, where Damis and ApoUonius saw it, 147, 181; statue of, at Issus, in India, 227; brass column on river Hyphasis, where he stopped his Indian incursion, 229 VOL. I. Alexandria, horse-racing factions at. 521 Altars raised to Poverty and Art at Gadeira, 471 Amnion and Hercules and Athena Zeus, Cabeu-i and Indian Sun and Apollo, altars to, in India on the Hyphasis, 229 Amoebeus and Terpnus, parts acted by Xero, 477 Amphiaraus the Seer, son of Oecles, still induces dreams in Attica and inspires oracles, 215- shrine of, ApoUonius visits it, 399 Amimionae depicted on embroidery of Babylon, 77 Amyclae, Apollo of, his statue among the Brahmans, 257 Anaxagoras wears a fleece at Olympia, probably as a rain- making ceremony, 7; his pre- dictions, 9; abandoned his property, 35; observed the heavens from Mount Mimas in Ionia, 127 Andromeda depicted on Babylonian embroideries, 77 Animal sacrifices condemned, 519 Animals, parental love among, 155 Antioch and Temple of Daphne visited by ApoUonius, 43; in- solence of its inhabitants and lack of Hellenism there, 345 Antiochus and Seleucus, 109 Antisthenes' relation to Socrates, Antisthenes of Paros, a Trojan, ex- cluded by ApoUonius from' his company as hateful to Achilles 369 (so in Philostratius. Heroica' 18, the shade of Achilles tears limb from limb, by niglit, a girl descended from Hector, left by 577 P P INDEX a merchant on the shore at the shade's bidding) Aornus or Birdless rock near Nysa, 139 Apamea in Bithynia, Lasthenes a philosopher and soldier of, 563 Aphrodite, piebald women holy to her in India, 237 ; symbolic image of, at Paphos, in Cyprus, 345 Apis of Egypt, piebald, 237 Apollo and Athena, Zeus and Cabeiri, altars to, on the Hypha- sis, 229 Apollo, his objections to Orpheus and his oracles, 375; his shrines at Gryneium, Clarus and Delphi, 375 Apollo of Delos, his statue among the Brahmans, 257 Apollo, temple of, at Daphne by Antioch the Great, 43 Apollonius, his letters, 9 ; no v/izard, 9; his parentage and miraculous birth, 11 ; temple erected to him near Tyana, 13; a son of Zeus, 15; his education at Tarsus and Aegae (c. a.d. 16), 15 foh.; his prayer, 27; beneficence to his elder brother, 31 foU.; abjures property and marriage, 33, 35; his vow of silence, 37 foil. ; at Aspendus, 41; at Great Antioch, 43 ; his literary style, 47 ; reaches Nineveh, 51; meets Damis, 51; claims to know all tongues, 53; reaches Zeugma, 55; passes Ctesiphon, 59; letters to Scope- lianus, 69, 73 ; reaches Cissia and restores Eretrian tombs, 71; reaches Babylon, 79; his inter- view with King Vardanes, 81 -91 ; letter reporting his conversation with King Vardanes, 91 ; his prayer to the gods, 95; refuses king's gifts, 97; spends a year and eight months at Babylon, 113; quits Babylon, 119; refuses date wine, 131 ; crosses the Indus, 147; reaches Taxila, 167; interview with King Phraotes, 183 foil. ; his cult of the Sun at dawn, 217; quits Taxila, 227; crosses the river Hydraotes and 578 reaches the Hyphasis, 229; crosses the Indian Caucasus and reaches the Ganges .plain, 241 ; reaches Parax, 247; 'reaches the Hill of the Indian Sages, 249; his address to the Egyptiaris about the Brahmans, 257; he visits the Brahmans, 261 foil.; a reincarnation of an Egyptian skipper, 277 foil.; defends the Greeks from the charge of being the slaves of Xerxes, 299 ; refuses hospitality of an Indian king, 307; discusses the World Soul with the Brahmans, 307 foil. ; his works on astral divination and on sacrifice, the latter written in Cappadocian, 321 ; accepts magic rings from lar- chas, 321 ; spends four months with the Brahmans, 335 ; returns to the Red Sea, 335; writes a farewell letter to the Brahmans, 337; revisits Vardanes, 345; re- visits Nineveh, 345; reaches Antioch, 345; sails to Cyprus from Seleucia, and thence to Ionia, 345; reaches Ephesus, 349; he cures the sick, 349; I)redicts pestilence and goes to Smyrna, 355; prayers against plague and earthquakes, 355, 357; miraculously translated to Ephesus, 365; quells plague at Ephesus, 365 ; goes to Pergamum, 367; to Ilium, 367; interview with shade of Achilles, 369; popular opinion of him as a saviour, 371; visits Methymna in Aeolia and repairs torub of Palamedes, 373; traverses Eu- boean Sea, 375 ; arrives at Athens, 385 ; is refused initiation at the Eleusiaian mystery, 387 ; exor- cises demon in a youth who mocked him, 391 ; visits Thermo- pylae, 399; visits Dodona, Pythian temple. Abac, shrines of Amphiaraus and Trophonius and temple of Muses on Helicon, 399; visits the Isthmus and predicts Nero's cutting of it. 401; confounds a Lamia at Corinth, 403; attends the INDEX Olympia (A.D. 61). 409; letter to tlie Spartan ephors, 411; rebukes a vulgar panegyrist of Zeus, 417; proceeds to Lace- demon, 419 ; sails from Malea to Cydonia in Crete and visits Gortyna and Ida, 428, 429; reaches Aricia, where he reproves Philolaus, 431 : enters Kome. 44-1; his prayers. 445; interprets tlie thunderbolt which startled Nero, 453; examhied by Tigel- linus, whom he strikes blind, 455 ; raises a girl from the dead, 459; at Gadeira, 467 foil.; interview with Governor of Baetica, 485; returns by Libya to Lilybaeuiii and Messina, 487; interprets three-headed baby at Syracuse, 491; at Catana, 491; stays in Sicily, 503; returns to Greece, 503; reaches Athens by way of Leucas and Leclieum. 503; sails from Piraeus for Ionia, 505 ; reaches Chios, 509; reaches Rhodes, 509; dialogue with ("anus, a fluteplayer, 509 foil.; reaches Alexandria, 515: pre- dicts there the acquittal of a bandit, 517; admires the temple of Alexandria, 519; offers the image of a bull, 519; condemns horse-racing factions, 521 ; meets Vespasian in Egypt, 523; con- verses with him on kingship, 527 ; shows second sight in regard to the burning of the temple on the Roman capitol, 533; criticises Dion and Euphrates, 533 foil.; urges Vespasian to become emperor, 545 ; his letters to Dion , 565; why he quarrelled witli Euphrates, 565; his letters to Vespasian, 567; recognises soul of Amasis in a tame lion, 569; sets out with ten companions for Ethiopa to visit the Naked SageSj 571 Apparitions of spectres, 455 Arabians conceded to Rome certain villages near Zeugma, 109 Arabs teach ApoUonius the bird language, 57 Aichelaus, king of Cappadocia, iiitiigiies against Rome, 31 (this Archelaus was t'ne la.st king of Cappadocia, from li.c. 36-A.D.17, when he died in Rome. Apol- lonius' life at Aegae must there- fore have begun some time previous to A.D. 17) Arctuxus, rising of (two days before the Ides of September, according to Pliny, Nat. Hist, xi, § 16), 503 Aricia, grove of, ApoUonius reaches it on way to Rome, 431 Aristippus of Cyrene refused gifts, 97 Armenian tongue kno^vn to Damis, 5.3 Armenians left villages at Zeugma to Romans, 109 Arsaces, king, dedicates a leopard to the Xysian god, Dionysus, 121 Art, Indian, at temple of Taxila, 169; ideal and imaginative, not merely mimetic, 175 foil. Artaphernes beleaguering Eretria in the embroideries of Babylon, 77 .Vrtemis of Perga, her hymns transposed in the Aeolian and Pamphylian modes by Damo- phyle, 87 Asbama, miraculous well at Tyana, 15 Asclepius, his temple at Aegae, 17 foil.; recommends Apol- lonius to his priests, 21 ; his art based on science of divination, 327; temple of, in Pergamum, 367 ; honoured at the Epidaurian festival at Athens. 387 Aspendus in Pamphylia on the Eurymedon, corn famine there arrested by ApoUonius, 39 Assyrian with dropsy resorts to temple of Asclepius at Aegae, 21 Athene Polias, her statue among the Brahmans, 257 Athene Providence or Pronoia, altar to on the H5T)hasis, 229 Athenians, addicted to many sacri- fices, 389; their conduct of the festival of Dionysus rebuked by ApoUonius, 393 Athens, ApoUonius arrives at during the Epidaurian festival, 385; 579 r i'2 INDEX gladiatorial shows there on Acro- polis stopped by Apollonius, 397 Athos, piercing of, depicted in the embroideries of Babylon, 77 Athos. Anaxagoras and Thales ob- serve heavens from, 129 Atlas, mountain of Libya, 149 Attic dialect learned by Apollonius. 15 Attica, linen robes worn by the ancient inhabitants, 225 Averting god, statue of erected at Ephesus by Apollonius, 367 Babylon and Susa, magi there, 49 Babylon, its fortifications and palaces described, 75 foil. ; image of king over gate. 79; Musonius of, imprisoned by Nero, 431 Babylonian khig, Apollonius xe- fuses homage to his image, 79; sacrifices a horse to the Sun, 89 Babylonian palace embroideries, 77 Baetica, Roman governor of seeks an interview with Apollonius, 485 Baetis, river and province of, 475 Balara, its myrtles and dates, 341 Balm, a nuptial, used in India, 233 Banquets of Indian king, 189 Bas-reliefs of the mares of Diomede and of labours of Hercules at Gadeira, 473 Bassus, a parricide of Corinth, reviled Apollonius, 409 Baths, hot, disapproved of by Apollonius, 47 Bells on ships to scare away the seals, 343 Biblus, isle of in Red Sea, 339 Birds, recipe for acquiring their language, 57 BirthT miraculous, of Apollonius, 15 Blood of sheep used by Odysseus, XI. 34, in evoking shades, 377 (cp. Heliodorus, Ethiopica, vi. 14) Brahman and Hyrcanian sages. Apollonius resolves to visit them, 49 Brahman banquet, 291 Brahmans, their hill fortress de- scribed, 253; their levilation In w^orshipping the Sun, their ex- tract of sunlight, poverty, long 580 hair, miraculous springs and costumes of flax, 257 foil. Brahmans of India, 7 Bronze of the Pegadae, 339 Brotherhood or religious society formed by Apollonius, 427 ; many forsake him at Aricia from fear of Nero, 435 ; others join him, 571 ; leaves twenty with Menippus at Alexandria and starts with ten for j:thiopia, 573 Byssus, how it grows, 169 Cabeiri, altar to on the Hyphasis, 229 Calchas, his predictions in Homer, 65 Callicratidas of Arginusae, his de- scendant at Sparta reformed by Apollonius, 421 Calligraphist accompanies Apollo- nius to Nineveh, 51 Calpis, 467 Camels, speed of, 129; use of in India, 223; white camels of Pliraotes on the Indus, 225 Canus, flutist of Rhodes, 509 Caphereus in Euboea, 71 Cappadocia under King Archelaus, 31 ; badness of the Greek there spoken, 15 (cp. Philostratus, Vitae Sophistarum, ii. 13) Cappadocian language, Apollonius writes a work on Sacrifice in it, 321, 389 Carian slaves, 283; flocks fed on figs, 341 Carman, Indians of, live on fish, 341 Cassander of Macedonia, 99 Catana, Apollonius visits, 491 Caucasus beyond tlie Hypliasis and stretching to tlie Red Sea, 237; cinnamon shrubs on, 237 Canca.?us traversed by Apollonius, on way from Babylon to India, 115, 119, 123 Celts, ocean tides among, 469 Chariot with four poles of Alex- ander, 227 Chase of animals, condemned by ApoUonins. 107 Chios, Apollonius reaches, 509 Chrysippus, school of at Aegae, 17 Cilicia, the rich criminal of, re- INDEX Jected by Asclepius, 25; an im- moral governor of, assails Apol- lonius at Aegae, 29; and is executed for intriguing with Arciielaus against the Romans, 31 Cinnamon of Caucasus, attracts goats, 237 Cissia, region close to Babylon, settlement of Eretrians in by Darius, 67, 69 foil. (Cissia was the country round Susa, due east of Babylon. Hence ApoUonius "diverged from the high road," p. 69, to Babylon in order to visit the Eretrian settlement there) Cittium, city of Philolaus the philosopher, 431 Clarus, oracle of Apollo at, 375 Claudius, emperor, his weaknesses, 523 Clazomenae, Scopelianus the so- phist of, letter of ApoUonius to him about the Eretrians, 69, 73 Clouds, figures of animals discerned among clouds in the sky, 175 ClytJadae, a prophetic family, 519 Cockcrow, Achilles' ghost flees at,. 385 Cockle of Biblus in the Red Sea, 339 Colonus, Acharnartians of, 395 Colophon, oracle of, testifies to wisdom of ApoUonius, 349 Communism inculcated by sparrow at Ephesus, 351 Cophen river, 129; crossed by ApoUonius, 135 Corcyra, a youth of, exorcised by ApoUonius, 389 Cosmos and elements and world soul, discussed between Apol- lonius and the Brahmans, 307 foil. Crates, pliilosopher of Thebes, 35 Cresphontes, play of, 479 Crete, ApoUonius warned in a vision to visit Crete, the Nurse of Zeus, 427 Ctesiphon, Median frontier station at, 59; Eunuch satrap of, offers supplies to ApoUonius for his journey, 61 Cycnus slain by AchiUes, 369 Cydnus, river at Tarsus, 17 Cydonia, port of ivnossus, visited by ApoUonius. 427 Cydoniatis, an island arises near by, between Thera and Crete, 429 Cyparissus, an Assj-rian youth in legend of Daphne, 43 Cyprus visited by ApoUonius, 345 Damis joins ApoUonius at Nineveh, 51 ; his knowledge of Armenian, Persian and Median tongues, 53 ; his diary written in barbarous Greek, 53 ; regards ApoUonius as a demon or god, 53 ; forbidden to visit the magi with ApoUonius, 79; wishes to accept gifts, 97; partakes of wine and flesh, 131 ; recognises ApoUonius as snper- humanly wise and good, 325 ; owes his Hellenism to him, 325; the witness to the story of the Lamia at Corinth. 409 Damis of Nineveh, liis memoirs of ApoUonius, 9, 11, 53; wrote down the more important dis- courses of ApoUonius, 389 Damophyle, a Pamphylian musi- cian and friend of Sappho, 87 Dancing by Athenians disguised as Hours or Nymphs or Bacchants, condemned by ApoUonius, 393 Daphne of Antioch, Assyrian legend of, 43 Daridaeus, after 88 years a suc- cessor of Darius (? i. 9, Artax- erxes' Mnemon), 71 Darius settles Eretrians in Cissia, 69; sacrificed to Justice, 83 Date wine refused by ApoUonius, but drunk by Damis, 131 foU. Datis plucking Naxos out of the sea, depicted in embroideries of Babylon, 77 Dead, a girl raised from the, by ApoUonius in Rome. 457 Delphi, Indian silver disc dedicated by Indians tliere to Dionysus, 137 Demeter and Dionysus, images of, worn on body, 507 Demetrius coiulemned bathing and public baths, 449; ApoUonius meets him again at Athens, 503 ; finds Musoaius digging Nero's canal, 503 Demetrius, Cynic of Corinth, men- S8i INDEX tioned by Favorinus, follows ApoUcnius, 403. (He was a friend of Thraseas and Seneca) Democritus, his intercourse with magi, 7 Demon expelled by ApoUonius over- throws a statue at Athens, 391 Demoniac possession. A boy pos- sessed by an amorous demon who hated women, and saved by a letter from larchas, 317; demon- iac Corcyrean mocks at ApoUo- nius at Athens and is exorcised, 390, 391; Tigelhnus regards ApoUonius as a demon, 4.55 Demons, i. e. supernatm-al beings or spirits, sometimes good, some- times bad. Damis regards Apol- lonius as one, 53 Didyma, oracle of, testifies to wisdom of ApoUonius, 349 Dion, 523 ; doubts the possibUity of a restoration of the Roman Republic, 543; his good nature and eloquence, 559; ApoUonius criticises his tendency to flatter in a letter, 565 Dionysus and Hercules assail India and fail, 205 Dionysus, festival of, in month Anthesterion at Athens, 393; image of. worn on person, 507 Dionysus of Limnae, his statue among the Brahmans, 257 Dionysus of Nysa in India, 121, 133 ; not the same as the Theban, 137; expedition of latter to India, 137 ; silver disc dedicated to him at Delphi by Indians, 137; son of the Indus river, 137 Dioscorides, disciple of ApoUonius, left at Alexandria by ApoU- lonius, 571 Dioscorus, sons of, in the Greek Dioscoridae. They are coupled with another band, called Phae- dimi, and appear to have been religious brotherhoods of some kind, attracted into the orbit of ApoUonius but otherwise un- known to us, 367 Divination, impeded by wine-drink- ing, 209 foU.; by disc of rising 8\in, 519 Dodona, visited by ApoUonius, 39'J Domitian, his struggle at Rome with Vitellius seen by ApoUonius in Alexandria, 533 Dragons of India described, 243 foU.; how caught by charms, 247 ; mystic stones in their eyes, 247 ; their heads stored at Parax, 247 Dragons, on the Acesines, 161 Dream interpreters, 215 Dream of ApoUonius warning him to visit Crete, 427 Dreams, favourable in Temple of Asclepius, 367 Eagle in Prometheus legend, 123 Eagle stone drives away snakes, 155 " Ears " of the king at Babylon 81 ' Earthquake in Crete, 420; at Smyrna, Miletus, Chios, Samos and the lades, 357 Ecbatana, i)Iain of, 73; walls of, shown to ApoUonius by Var- danes. 111 Eclipse of sun (? a.d. 64) in Rome. 451 Egypt, Upper, its religious societies, 515 Egyptian sea trade with India by way of the Red Sea, 311 Egyptians traduced the Greeks in India, 303; warn Nero of the dangers of an Isthm.ian canal. 401 Elephants, their docUity, 141 foil.; lament over their subjection by night, 145 ; how used in war, 147'; Libyan, 147 ; tlieir great age. 147 • their tusks, 151 ; and tricks, 151 ; their sagacity in crossing a river! 153, 159 Eleusinian mysteries, ApoUonius denied initiation as being a wizard, 387; ApoUonius is initi- ated, 503 Elis, letters of ApoUonius to, 9; people of, their skUful conduct of the Olympic games, 415 Empedocles of Acragas, claimed to be a god, 5; sacrificed a pastry bull at Olympia, 5; consorted with magi, yet no magician, 7 5'^^ INDEX Emperor Tiberius' statues in Aspen- dus, 41 Empusa or hobgoblin on the Indus, 123 Enceladus, fable of, at Etna, 499 Enodia or goddess of the crossways, her shrines accommodate ten worshippers, 373 Ephesian plague demon in form of a blind beggar. 365 Ephesus, its inhabitants welcome Apollonius, 349 ; their effeminacy rebuked by Apollonius, 351 ; pestilence at, predicted by Apol- lonius, 355 Ephors of Sparta, letter of Apol- lonius to, 411 Epiciu-us, school of at Aegae, 17 Epidaurian festival at Athens, 385 Eretrians settled in Cissia by Darius, 69, 71 ; their tombs restored by Apollonius, 71 (see Herodotus, vi. 119); King Var- danes promises to protect them, 103 Erythras, King, gave his name to the Eed Sea, 311, 337 Ethiopians derived their wisdom from India, but, after murdering King Ganges, were expelled, 271 Etna, Apollonius visits, 493; legends about it, 493, 499; explanation of by Apollonius, 501 Euboea, seafight in the Hollows of, 73 Eudoxus of Cnidiis refused gifts, 99 Eunuchism discussed by Apollonius with Damis, 95, 105 Euphorbus of Troy reincarnated in Pythagoras, 3 Euphranor, artist, 169 Euphrates and Dion, 523 foil. Euphrates, his libels on Apollonius, 35; rebuked by Apollonius, 185; urges Vespasian to restore the republic, 537 ; accuses Apollonius of imposture in claiming to hold intercourse with gods, 559 ; asks for a largess of Vespasian, 563; his mercenary instincts blamed by Apollonius, 563, 565 Euphrates joins the NUe in Egypt, 57 ; mouth, 345 Em:ipides, Bacchae, 980, cited, 395 ; Andromache, v. 418, cited, 157 Euthydemus of Phoenicia teaches letters to Apollonius at Tarsus, 17 Euxeuus of Heraclea in Pontus, a Pythagorean teacher at Aegae, 17; asks Apollonius why he wrote no book, 37 Exomis of flax worn by Brahmans, 2G1 Exorcism of a demon by a letter. 317; an evil spirit is sent into a statue, which falls, 391 ; Apol- lonius questioned by TigeHinus about his exorcisms, 455 Fabricius, name of a citizen of Smyrna, 357 Fates, questions of Apollonius to AchUles dependent on their approval, 381 ; submissiveness to, of Apollonius, 489 Favorinus (ft. under Hadrian) mentioned Demetrius the cynic, 403 Figs of Caria, 341 Fish, food for cattle in Stobera, 341 ; salted in Pontus, 341 Flax or land wool used by Brah- mans, 261 Fleece, use of in connection with rain, 7 Flute-playing discussed by Apol- lonius with C'anus of Khodes, 509 Flutes made of skin of a stag or a donkey, 511 Foreknowledge, gift of, possessed by the Brahmans, 251, 263; discussion of, 323; of Damis, 325; of Apollonius in regard to sparrows, 351 ; in regard to pestilence at Ephesus, 355; Apollonius questioned by Tigel- linus about his prophesies, 457; due to divine inspiration and not to magic in case of Apollonius, 489 ; foresees sinking of a Sicilian ship, 503 ; prophecy in regard to his initiation, 503 Frankincense offered to the sun by Apollonius, 89; by Pj^ha- goras, 3 ; see vol. ii. 339 58; INDEX Gadeira, ApoUonius leaves Rome for, 463; short twilight at, 469; altars of poverty, art and Hercules of Egypt at, 471 : Hellenism of, 471, 483 Gaetuli, 467 Gaius emperor, his Bacchic frenzy and Lydian costumes, 535 Galba's strumpet sons, Otho and Piso, 537 Games of Hellas, 99, 101 Ganges, 205 ; canals, plain irrigated by, 241 Ganges, king of India, slain by the Ethiops, 271; his virtues, 273; fixes in the ground seven swords of adamant, 275 Gem-collector in Rliodes, 513 Geryon, his cows, 471 ; trees of, 473 Ghosts tortured by wizards, 489 Girdle of Teucer of Telamon at Gadeira. 473 Gladiatorial shows stopped in Athens by ApoUonius, 397 Glutton of llhodes rebuked, 515 Gods, Brahmans affirm themselves to be such, 269 Golden water spring in India, 329 Gortyna visited by ApoUonius, 429 Greeks abused by an Indian king and defended by ApoUonius, 291 foil. Greek tongue used by the Brah- mans, 251 ; statues and rites in India, 257 Griffins that search for gold, sacred to the sun, incapable of long flights, 333 Gryneium, oracle of Apollo at, 375 Hair, long, of ApoUonius, 21; of Achilles sacred to the Spercheus, 379 Hare released in a room to cure a woman who suffered in child- birth, 319 Harpists of Nero in Eome, 441 Helen, her phantasm only at Ilion, 383 Heliad poplar (the Heliades, sisters of Phaethon and turned into poplars, shed tears of gold), 473 Helicon of Cyzicus, refused gifts 97 Hellanodicae ten in number, 297 Hellas, ApoUonius advises Ves- pasian to send there only heUen- ised governors, 557 HeUas, favoured by Nero, but chastised unjustly by Vespasian, 567 Hellenism at Gadeira, 471, 483 Hephaestus, legend of, at Etna, 501 Heraclea in Pontus, home of Euxenus, teacher at Aegae, 17 HeracUdae of Euripides read by Phraotes, king of India, 201 Heraclitus, a saying of, 23 Hercules and Dionysus, their Indian campaign repelled by the Brahmans, 205, 253 ; the Egyptian, not the Theban Hercules, visited Gadeira, 207 ; altars to, at Gadeira, 471-3; at Erythea near Gadeira, 471. Hercules or Heracles, brother of Amnion, altar to, on the Hypha- sis, 229 Hestiaeus, brother of ApoUoniu.-?, by whom his morals are reformed, 33 Homer cited, 37, 65 : Iliad, 2. 308, 243 ; 18. 375 quoted, 289 ; 24. 797 cited, 369 ; 4. 451 cited, 521 ; 13. 130 cited, 441; Od., 20. 18, 37 Horse of Nisaean breed sacrificerd to the Sun by King Vardanes, 89! Horse-racing factions at Alexandria condemned by ApoUonius, 521 Hours, singers at Atliens danced disguised as Hoiurs or as nymphs, 393 Hydraotes, river in India, to-day \he Ravi, 137, 163; crossed by ApoUonius, 229 Hyphasis, river, 199; marked the limit of Alexander's Indian cam- paign, 229; its coiurse described, 233; its fire worms, 235; its precipitous course into the Red Sea, 337 llyrcanian sages, ApoUonius resolves to visit them, 49 Hyrcanian and Scythian wares, 507 lamidae, a family of Prophets ia Elis, 519 584 INDEX larchas, chief Brahman, letter of Pliraotes to, 225; his metal throne, 261; his prescience, 263; his religious rites, 265; affirms the Brahmans to be gods, 269; a reincarnation of King Ganges, 275; his letter to an amorous demon, 317; his miraculous cures, 317 foil.; gives seven magic rings to Apollonius, 523 Ichor, or mother of pearl, 343 Ida in Crete, visited by Apollonius, 429 Ilium, tombs of Achaeans there visited by Apollonius, 367 Image seller refuses Apollonius as a passenger in his ship for Ionia, 507 Incantations and anointings of wizards, 489 Indian king abuses the Greeks and is rebuked by Apollonius, 291 foil.; identifies himself with the Sun, 293 Indian magic tripods, Apollonius never tried to understand them, 489 Indian rites performed at midday by Apollonius, 533 Indian sages never subject to Alexander, 203 ; live between the Hyphasis and Ganges, 205 Indian training in Philosophy, 195 Indus river, tall men upon it, 123; described, 165; its resemblance to the Nile, 167 ; sacrifices of bulls and black horses to it, 167, 199; Patala situated at its mouth, 339 Influenza, outbreak of in Rome. 453 Inscriptions of Hercules at Gadeira, 473 lo, idol of, at Xineveh, 51 Ionia, Apollonius sails from Piraeus for, 505 Ippola in Baetica, anecdote of a tragic actor at, 483 Islands of the Blessed, oflf Libya, 471 Isthmus of Corinth, Apollonius visits it and predicts Nero's attempted cutting of it, 401 Isthmian Canal of Nero, 481 Ivory, different kinds, 149 Ixion, 209 Jerusalem, siege of, 525 Jews polluted Judaea, 525; the enemies of mankind, 541 Juba, king of Libya, on age of ehphants, 149; on aid rendered by them one to the other, 161 Julia, empress, sets Philostratus to edit Damis's memoirs, 11 Kadus natives, or CadusU in the modern Gilan, their tongue kno'ATi to Damis, 53 Labyrinth of the minotaur at Knossus, 427 Lacedaemon, built without protect- ing walls, 111 Lacedaemonians, long hair of, 261 Ladon, river of Antioch, father of Daphne, 43 Lamia at Corinth confoimded by Apollonius, 403 foil. Lasthenes of Apamea, freed from military service, at Dion's request, by Vespasian, 563 Leben slirine and promontory, so- called because it resembles a lion, 429 ; Libyan pilgrimages tliither, 429 Lechaeum, Nero begins Isthmian canal at, 401 ; Apollonius reaches on his way to Athens. 503 Leonidas, tomb of, at Pylaea, 399 Leopards of Armenia, their love of the gum of the Styrax, 121 ; of Arsaces, 121 L'ese Ma jest' committed by a master who struck a slave on whose person was a coin of Tiberius, 41 (cp. Tacitus, Annal, iii. 36; Sueton., Tiberius, ch. 58; Acta Pauli et Theclae) Letter of Apollonius to the Indians about tides, 469 ; to Dion, 565 Leucas, Apollonius touches at, 503 Levitation of the Brahmans during their prayers to the Sun, 257, 265 Libations poured out over the handle of a cup. 391 Libya, described, 467 Libyan pilgrimages to shrine of Lieben in Crete, 429 585 INDEX Lilybaeura, ApoUonius. touches at, 487 Linen diess of Indians, 169 Linen worn by old inhabitants of Attica, 225 Lion, a tame lion recognised by ApoUonius as a reincarnation of King Amasis, 569 foil. Long hair of Brahmans, Spartans and people of Thurium and Tarentum and Melos, 261 Lotus attracts goats, 237 Lucullus, name of a citizen ot Smyrna, 365 Lychnites or Light-stone drives away snakes, 155 Magi, or wizards of Babylon, 7; visited by ApoUonius, 79, 91; Damis is forbidden to visit them, 79 Magi of Babylon, Susa, 49 Magnetic stone, 329 ; same as the Pantarbe, 331 Malea, port of departure for Rome, 427 Marriage, Pythagoras defended it ApoUonius abjured it, 35 Martichoras, the, or man-eater, 329 Maximus of Aegae, a biographer of ApoUonius, 11 ; a secretary of the Emperor (Tiberius), 31 Medes and Persians, their tongue known to Damis, 53 Median fasliion and pomp of a drunken king, 287 Megabates, brother of Kmg Var- danes, sees ApoUonius in Antioch, 87 Megistias the Acarnanian, 399 Melians, theh long hair, 261 Melicertes and Pelops worshipped as gods by Greeks, 301 Memnon and Cycnus slain by AchUles, 369 Memory of ApoUonius, lo; his hymn to Memory, 37 Menippus the Lycian, pupil ot Demetrius, falls in love with a Lamia at Corinth, 403; follows with ApoUonius to Rome un- daunted by Nero, 437 ; restrained by ApoUonius from abusing Nero, 453; accompanies ApoUonius to Gadeira, 475; discusses fables of Aesop, 493 ; left at Alexandria to watch Euphrates, 571 Menon, pupil of Herod the Sophist, an Ethiop, 251 Merchant life unworthy of a Spartan, 423 Merus or Thigh mountain near Nysa in India, sacred to Dionysus, 137 Mesopotamia, description of, its situation and inhabitants, 55: not subject to Rome when ApoUonius visited it, 57 Messina, ApoUonius hears there of Nero's flight, 487 Methynma in Aeolia, tomb of Palainedes there repaired by ApoUonius, 373 MUlet and sesame of Ganges region, 241 MUo, statue of at Olympia, ex- plained by ApoUonius, 413 Minos, judge in Hades, 285; "accounted unjust by ApoUonius, 429 Miracle of healing a lame man, 317 ; of healing a blind man, 317 ; of healing a paralytic, 319; of heal- ing a woman wlio suUered in labour, 319; of bringing a girl back to life, worked by ApoUonius, 457 Miraculous translation of Pytha- goras from Thurii to Meta- pontum, and similar translation of ApoUonius from Smyrna to Ephesus, 365 (cp. bk. viii, ch. 10) Mnestheus, sacrificed to at Gadeira, 471 Moeragenes, wrote four books on ApoUonius, 11 ; mentioned work of ApoUonius on divination by means of stars, 321 Molossiau dog, plague at Ephesus takes form of, 367 IMuses and Nereids, 381 Muses, temple of, on Helicon, visited by ApoUonius, 399 Musonius of Babylon, imprisoned by Nero, 431 ; correspondence in prison with ApoUonius, 459; set to dig out the Isthmian canal in chains, 505 i 586 INDEX Mycale, Mount, the limit of the Caucasus, 119; tlie observatory of Thales on it, 127 Myrrh used in pearlfishing, 343 Naked sages of Erthiopia, 571 Naked sophists, or gymnosophistae, of Egypt, 7 Naxos, plucked up out of the sea by Datis (cp. Herodotus, vi. 96), 77 Nearchus on the river Acesines, 161; his voyage to Patala, 339 Nereid, a demon of Selera, 341 Nereids, their dirges at the tomb of Achilles, 381 Nero attempts to sever the Isthmus of Corinth, 401; a competitor at the Olympic and Pythian games, 401 ; opposed to philo- sophers whom he suspected of magic, 431 foil. ; ApoUonius exhorts his followers not to fear him, 439 ; his harpists, 441 ; his musical compositions, 443 ; opens a new gymnasium in Rome (a.d. 60), 449 ; sings naked in a tavern at Rome, 451 ; has influenza and loses his voice, 453; a thunder- bolt cleaves the cup in his hand, 453 ; liis voice, 457 ; departs to Greece, 463 ; his fear of the Elean whips, 477; he acts parts of Amoebeus and Terpnus, of Creon and Oedipus, 477 ; his terrorism, 481 ; his canal through the Isthmus, 481 ; wins prize at Olympia, 481; discussed by Vespasian and ApoUonius, 527. 529; restored the liberties of Hellas, 567 Nile, ApoUonius saUs up witli ten companions, 573 Nile gauges, 523 Nominativus pendens in Philo- stratus, 375 (ch. xiv, ad finem) Nysa in India, home of Dionysus, 121 ; shrine on it described, 135 Oaths confirmed by holy well at Asbama, 15; by weU on Ml of the Brahmans, 255 * Oenomaus, play of, 479 Oeta. Mount, 399 Olympia, deferred by Nero, 477 Olympic games. ApoUonius invited to, 401 (for Olympiad 210, A.D. 61) ; ApoUonius attends them, 409 Olynthus, 101 Oreitae, land of, its bronze, 339 Orichalcus, Indian coins of, 131 Orpheus, with a peaked cap in the embroideries of Babylon, 77; shrine of at Lesbos, visited by ApoUonius, 374 ; his head brought from Thrace, 375 Orthagoras, his erroneous account of the Red Sea, 339 Otho dies in West Galatia, 491 Otho, strumpet son of Galba, 537 Owl's eggs, use of to cure propensity to drink wine, 319 Painting, discussion of between ApoUonius and Damis, 173 foil. Palamedes, a reincarnation of, among the Brahmans, 277 ; tomb at Methymna restored by Appol- lonius,373 ; he really went to Troy, 383 Pamphylia visited by ApoUonius, 39 Panegyrist of Zeus, rebuked by ApoUonius, 417 Pangaeus, mountain used by Thales and Anaxagoras to observe heavens from, 129 Pan-Ionian sacrifices at Smyrna, 355; the Pan-Ionian cup of Ubation, 357 Pans aid Hercules and Dionysus to attack the Brahmans, 253 PanUirhe stone, 331 Parable of the Ship of State, 363 Parax, a city of India, 247 Parrots, 19 Parthenon, attracted birds into its vestibule, 141 Patala, a city at the mouth of the river Indus, 339 Patroclus, his remains buried with those of AchUles, 381 Peacock fish in the Hyphasis, 233 Pearls Of the Red Sea, 339; how fished for, 343 Pegadae in the land of the Oreitae, their bronze, 339 587 INDEX Pelops enslaved Arcadia and Argolis, yet worshipped by Greeks, 301 Pepper trees of the Indian Caucasus harvested by apes for the Indians, 239 PergamuKi slirine testifies to wisdom of ApoUonius, 349 ; frequented by whole of Asia, 429 Pergamum visited by ApoUonius, 367 ; temple of Asclepius there, 367 Pharion of Alexandria, rescued by ApoUonius, 517 Pharos island, abode of Proteus, 281 Philolaus, philosopher of Cittium, warns ApoUonius not to face Nero, 431 foil. Philosophers persecuted by Xero as magicians, 431 Philosophy, liow studied in India, 195 Philostratus, his sources for the life of ApoUonius, 9, 11, 53 Phoenix, legend of, 333 Plu'aotes, king of India, his palace and style of living, 183; talks Greek, 187 ; his palestra and bath, 189; his banquet, 189; history of his accession, 197 foil. ; his judgment about the treasure found underground, 219 foil.; ^^Tites in behalf of ApoUonius to larchas, chief Brahman, 225 Phjrton of Rliegium refused gifts of Dionysius, 97 Picture-collecting in Rhodes, 513 Pillars of Hercules described, 467, 469 Pious One, the Place of the, on slopes of Etna, 501 Pirates of Phoenicia, 279 foil. Piso, strumpet son of Galba, 537 Pitch well in Cissia, 69 Plague demon at Ephesus in form of an old beggar who changes into a dog, 363 foil. Plato, visit to Egypt, 7 ; school of, at Aegae, 17; refused gifts in three voyages to SicUy, 97 Polygnotus, artist, 169 Polyxeiia, her suicide on tomb of Achilles, 381
88
Pontus, salt fish of. 341 Portico of the king of Athens, 391 Poms and Alexander, their exploits depicted by Greek artists at Taxila, 169 Porus, his magnanimity, in refusing to sacrifice to the Indus against Alexander, 171 Poseidon, Lord of Safety, 363 Prayers of ApoUonius. 27, 95, 445 Prediction, power of, possessed by ApoUonius, 7; by Socrates, ",'; by Anaxagoras, 9 Presents, ApoUonius declines Vespa- sian's, 561 ; Euphrates asks for them, 563 Prometheus bound on the Caucasus and rescued by Hercules, 123 Proteus, reincarnate in ApoUonius, 13; lived in Pharos. 281 Provmcial governors should under- stand the language and manners of the provinces to which they are sent, 557 Pygmalion's golden olive at Gadeira 473 Pylaea (Thermopylae), Thessalian>? transact Amphictyonic business at, 399 Pj-thagoras, his metempsychosis, 3, 269 ; repudiated animal sacri- fice, 3 ; his intercourse witli gods, 3; an emissary of Zeus, 5; cu the river Acesines, 161 ; miracu- lously transferred from Thurii to Metapontum, 365; spiritual ancestor of ApoUonius, 377 Pji;hian temple, visited by Apol- lonius, 399 Eain produced by wearing of a fleece, 7 Realgar well, 255 Red Sea (or Indian Ocean), 237. 273 Red Sea named after King Erythras, 311, 337; Orthagoras' ' errors about it, 339 ; change of positions of stars as seen from it, 339 Reincarnation of Euphorbus in Pythagoras, 3, 269; of Proteus in ApoUonius, 13 ; of Palamedes in a Brahman youth, 277; of an Egyptian skipper iu Apol- INDEX lonins, 279 foil.; of King Amasis in a tame lion, 569 foil. Relic cult in antiquity; head of Orpheus, 375; girdle of Teucer, 473 Religion, inseparable from a pure morality, 27, 29 Rhodes, the colossus criticised by Apollonius, 509; Canus, flut«- player there, discussion on flute- playing, 509; the nouveau-riche there rebuked, 513 Rings, magic rings for each day of the week, given by larclias to Apollonius, 323 Ritual purity, with abstention from wearing of skins, from flesh diet, of Pythagoras, Empedocles, Apol- lonius, 3-7. 9i Roman embassy to Vardanes about villages near Zeugma, 109 Roman governor of Greece illtreats the Lacedaemonians, 425 Roman names in Ionia objected to by Apollonius, 355 Roman provincial governors, their venality, 283 Rome, religious revival under Nero there, due toApoUonius, 449 Sacrifice, Apollonius' treatise on to be found in temples and in houses of the learned. 321 Sacrifices, bloodless offered by Apollonius at the tombs of the Achaeans in lUum, 367; and of Achilles, 377; barbaric, of wizards, 489 Salex, river of Libya, 467 Samothrace, Cabeiri of, altar to them in India. 229 Satrap of Ctesiphon, his interview with Apollonius, 59 Scopelianus, letter of Apollonius to, 69. 73 Scvlax on shadow-footed men, 331 Scj-thia never visited by Apollonius for purposes of venery, 35 Seal confined in circus at Aegae bemoans her dead whelp, 157 Seals frightened off ships by use of bells, 343 Second sight of Apollonius : dis- cerns the innocence of Phariou condemned to death as a bandit, 517; sees the burning of the capitol by Vitellius, 531 Selera, a sacred isle oflf Balara, 341 Seleucia, seaport near Antioch, 345 Semiramis, her tunnel imder the Euphrates at Babylon (cp. Dio- dorus Siculus, ii. 9), 75 Serpents or dragons. Arabs, by eatii^g their hearts or livers, imderstand the language of birds, 57 Shades, Indian and other methods of evoking, 377 ; their varying size in apparitions, 379 Shadow-footed men, 331 shield of Hercules, dedicated by the Brahmans, 205 Ship of State, a parable of Apol- lonius, 363 Ships in full sail imitated by Athenian pantomimists, 395 Shorthand writer accompanies Apollonius to Nineveli, 51 Shrines of Enodia accommodate ten worshippers, 373 Sicily, Apollonius stays there teaching philosophy, 503 Silence, Pythagorean* discipline of, endured by Apollonius, 37 ; rites connected with, 45 Simonides, his memory, 37 Skirt-dancing at Athens, 395 Smyrna, sends deputation to Apollonius, 349; Pan-Ionian festival at, Apollonius present, 355 ; blames citizens for use of barbarous Roman names. 356; beauty of the city does not com- pensate lack of civic duty, 357 Socrates, his genius, 7 Soncs of the street -corner in Athens, 389 Sophocles, his paean in honour of Asclppius, 267 ; Antigone 450 cited, 441 Sparrow, story of. at Ephesus, by way of inc\dcating communism, 351 Sparta, effeminacy of. rebuked by Apollonius, 411 ; Apollonius visits it, 419 ; advice to a young descendant there of Callicratidas, not to engage in mercantile INDEX pursuits, 421 foil.; citizens of, rebuked by the emperor, 425; ApoUonius's stay there, 427 Spercheus, Achilles' hair dedicated to, 379 Speusippus of Athens recited marriage songs of Cassander in Macedonia, 99 Statue of Zeus by Pheidias in Olympia, 359 ; of Milo, explained by Apollonius, 413 Statue thrown down by a demon expelled by Apollonius at Athens, 391 Stobera, a city of Fish-eaters, 341 Styrax, gum of, sought for by leopards, 121 Sun, temple of, at Taxila, described, 181; worsliipped by Phraotes, 185; temple of, 203; of India, altar to, on Hyphasis, 229; divination by examination of disc of rising sun, 519 Sunlight, extract of, worshipped by night by Brahmans, 259 Surrogate bull of wax consumed on altar by Apollonius, 519 Susa, Magi of, 49 Swans assist at birth of Apollonius, 13 Swords, seven of adamant fixed in ground to avert monsters, 275 Symbolic figures of the gods in barbarous shrines, 181 Symbolic image of Aphrodite, 345 Symbolism of numbers denounced by Apollonius, 295 Sympathetic magic, use of a hare to cure a woman suffering in her labours, 319 Syracuse, three-headed child born there and interpreted by Apollo- nius, 489 Syria, Roman governor of, sends embassy to Vardanes about villages near Zeugma, 109 Tantalus, Brahman image of, as a cup-bearer, 285 ; unfairly treated by Greek poets, 285 ; his miracu- lous goblet, 305, 337 ; gardens of, 407 Tarentum, long hair worn at, 261 Tarsus, frivolity of its inhabitants, 17 Taurus mountains described, 119 Taxila in India, aged elephant of Porus at, 147 ; Apollonius arrives there, 167 ; porphyry temple there, 169; Greek artistic treasures there, 169; houses at, described, Telesinus, C. Lucius, consul a.D. 66, interviews Apollonius and discusses religion, 445; studies philosophy with Apollonius, 451 Telliadae, descendants of Tellias a seer of Elis, whose statue was set up in Delphi, 519 Temples kept shut in Home, 447 Teucer of Telamon's girdle at Gadeira, 473 Thales of Miletus observed heavens from Mycale, 128 Themistocles, cult of at Gadeira 471 ' Theophany to be arranged for Apollonius at Sparta (as if he were a god), 419 Thera, a new islet is formed between Thera and Crete by an earth- quake, 431 Thermopylae depicted in the embroideries of 'Babylon, 77 Thessalian cloak worn by shade 01 Achilles, 379 Thessalians neglect tomb of Achilles, 379; Apollonius goes to them in behalf of Achilles and Palamedes, 397 Three days' visit permitted by Indian king, 181 Three-headed child at Syracuse, interpreted by Apollonius of Galba, Vitellius and Otho, 491 Thunderbolt portends birth of Apollonius, 15 Thurium, long hair worn at, 261 Tiberius, reverence for statues and coins of, in Asia Minor, 41 ; in- human regime, 535 Tides among the Celts, 469 Tigellinus, Nero's minister, dogs tlie steps of Apollonius, 451; im- prisons and examines Apollonius about his exorcisms, 455; re- leases Apollonius, 457; Apollo- nius assails him, 649 Tiger's loins eaten, in royal ban- quet, 189 1 INDEX Tigresses of the lied Sea, their parental instincts, 15o Timomachus, picture of Ajax by, 179 Tingae, 467 Tmolus, mount, in Lydia, 135 Tripod of Apollo at Delphi, 375 Tripods, automata of Brahmans, 291 Trophonius, shrine of, Apollonius visits it, 399 Troy, discussion of heroes of between Apollonius and larchas, 269 Tiunblers at Indian banquets, 191 Twilight long among the Celts, 469 Tyana, a Greek city in Cappadocia, the home of Apollonius, 11 Typho, fable of, at Etna, 493, 499 Tyrants, Euphrates on, 539 Tsrrhenes, their ships, 335 Unicom asses in India, 235 Vardanes, or Bardaues, king of Babylon, receives Apollonius (Vardanes died c. A.i). 49; the exact length of his reigu over Parthia is not kno'tt'n, probably from A.D. 45-49. Apollonius reached him two years and eight months after his accession, c. A.D. 47), 83, 87; he addresses Apollonius in Greek. 91; dis- putes possession of villages near Zeugma with Rome, 109; writes to the satrap of the Indus to provide a boat for Apollonius, 163 ; revisited by Apollonius, 345 Vespasian at Alexandria, 523 foil., meets Apollonius, 525; discusses Nero with Apollonius. 527 ; and Vitellius, 529; Apollonius re- views his position and future, 547 foil., Apollonius advises him how to rule, 553 ; he invites Apollonius to accompany him to Rome, 561; his ill-treatment of Greece calls forth protest of Apollonius, 567 Victims and blood offerings to tiie dead, abjured by Apollonius. 73, 89, 91 ; see vol. ii. 339 Villa in Rome worth twelve talents, 513 Vindex. liis campaign against Nero, 485; his death, 487; his revolt from Nero, 541, 549 Vines of Ganges district, 241 Vitellius, 491 ; his effeminacy, 529 ; burns down the temple of Jupiter on the capitol, 533; his profli- gacy, 539 ; the ape of Nero, 541 Vitellius, Otho and Galba, why compared by Apollonius to the Thebans, 487 Wind and rain, dispensed from jars by Brahmans, 255 V>'ine, Apollonius renounces, 19; an impedimeait to clear dreams and divination, 209 foil. Wizard, or magus, denial that Apollonius was one, 7 foil. {see Magi) ; Apollonius as such denied initiation at the Eleusi- nian mysteries, 387 Wizardry, not the explanation of the foreknowledge of Apollonius. 489 Wool of sheep abjured by Apollo- nius, following rule of Pytha- goras, 3, 91 {see vol. ii. 307) Wormwood or Absinth round Babylon, 63 WrjTieck or hmx hung up in court of justice in Babylon (cp. book VI., ch. ii.. vol. ii., p. 53, v.here we read that golden figures of the wryneck were hung up in the Pj-thian Temple), 77 Xerxes, his victories depicted in the embroideries of Babylon, 77; his defeats at hand of Greeks, 301 Zeugma, the bridge over the Euphrates (between Antioch and Edessa), anecdote of Apollo- nius at, 55 ; villages near Zeugma claimed against Romans by Vardanes, 109 Zeus of Olympus, altar to, on Hyphasis, 229 Zeus, how invoked by ApoUonius, 411; Apollonius invited by Spartans to be a guest of their Zeus, 419 Zeuxis, art resembling liis at Taxila, 169 END OF VOL. I. 591 Richard Clay and Sons, Limited, bkunriwkk street, stamford street, s.e., and bungay. suffolk. tr -r- C •• ' O O C i I • c rH H O THE IMSTlTUfE OF MEDIAEVAL STUDIES 59 QUEEN'S PARK CRESCENT TORONTO - 5, CANADA


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