From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
"And the poet, after telling his story, leaves a healthy-minded reader cudgelling his brains to know whether it really happened ; whereas one who, like Aesop, tells a story which is false and does not pretend to be anything else, merely investing it with a good moral, shows that he has made use of the falsehood merely for its utility to his audience. And there is another charm about him, namely, that he puts animals in a pleasing light and makes them interesting to mankind. For after being brought up from childhood with these stories, and after being as it were nursed by them from babyhood, we acquire certain opinions of the several animals and think of some of them as royal animals, of others as silly, of others as witty, of others as innocent. And whereas the poet, after telling us that there are "many forms of heavenly visitation" or something of the kind, dismisses his chorus and departs, Aesop adds an oracle to his story, and dismisses his hearers just as they reach the conclusion he wished to lead them up to" --The life of Apollonius of Tyana by Philostratus
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The life of Apollonius of Tyana () is a book by Flavius Philostratus.
Full text[1]
THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRAKY
EDITED BY
T. E. PAGE, M.A. AND W. H. D. ROUSE, Litt.D.
PHILOSTRATUS
I
Digitized by tine Internet Arcinive
in 2011 witii funding from
University of Toronto
Iittp://www.arcliive.org/details/lifeofapollonius01pliil
APOLLONIUS OF TYANA.(?)
BUST IN THE CAPITOLINE MUSEUM, ROME.
PHILOSTPvATUS
THE LtF:E OF APOLLONJUS
"-■ OF TYAJsTA
The Epistles of Apollon*u8"'and the
Treatise of Eusebius
WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY
F. C. CONYREARE, M.A.
I-ATE FELLOW AN'D PEELECTOR OF UXI\ ERSITV COLLEGE, OXFORD
IN TWO VOLUMES
I
LONDON : WILLIAM HEINEMANN
NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN CO.
MCMXII
JUN - 9 1958
INTRODUCTION
Thp: Life of ApoUoniiis of Tyana has only been
once translated in its entirety into English^ as long
ago as the year 1811^ by an Irish clergyman of the
name of E. Berwick. It is to be hoped therefore
that the present translation will be acceptable to the
English reading public ; for there is in it much
that is very good reading, and it is lightly written.
Of its author, Philostratus, we do not know much
apart from his own works, from which we niay
gather that he was born in the island of Lemnos
about the year 172 of our era, that he went to Athens
as a young man to study rhetoric, and later on to
Rome, Here he acquired a reputation as a sophist,
and was drawn into what we may call the salon of
the literary and philosophic Empress Julia Domna,
the wife of Septimius Severus. She put into his
liands certain memoirs of Apollonius, the sage of
Tvana, who had died in extreme old age nearly
INTRODUCTION
100 years before during the reign of the Emperor
Nerva^ and she begged him to use them for the
composition of a hterary life of the sage in question.
These memoirs had been composed by a disciple and
companion of Ajiollonius named Damis^ a native of
the city of Nineveh^ whose style, Philostratus says^
like that of most Syrian Greeks^, Avas heavy and
wanting in polish. Besides these memoirs Philo-
stratus used for his work a history of the career of
Apollonius at Aegae^ written by an admirer of the
name of Maximus. He also used the many letters
of Apollonius which were in circulation. His
collection of these agreed partly ;, but not wholly,
with those v.hich are preserved to us and translated
below. He tells us further that the Emperor
Hadrian had a collection of these letters in his villa
at Antium. Philostratus also possessed various
treatises of Apollonius which have not come down to
us. Beside makincr use of the written sources here
enumerated Philostratus had travelled about, not
only to Tyana, where there was a temple specially
dedicated to the cult of Apollonius, but to other
cities where the sage's memory was held in honour,
in order to collect such traditions of the sage as he
found still current. From these sources then the
work before us was drawn, for although Philostratus
\ i
INTRODUCTIOX
also knew the four books of a certain Moeragenes
upon ApolloniuSj he tells us he paid no attention to
them^ because they displayed an ignorance of many
things which concerned the sage. The learned
Empress seems never to have lived to read the work
of Philostratus, for it is not dedicated to her and can-
not have been published before the year 217.
It has been argued that the work of Damis never
really existed^ and that he was a mere man of straw
invented by Philostratus. This view was adopted as
recently as the year 1910 by Professor Bigg, in his
history of the origins of Christianity. But it seems
unnecessarily sceptical. It is quite true that Philos-
tratus puts into the mouth of the sage, on the
authority of Damis, conversations and ideas which,
as they recur in the Lives of the Sophists of
Philostratus, can hardly have been reported by
Damis. But because he resorted to this literary
trick, it by no means follows that all the episodes
which he reports on the authority of Damis are
fictitious, for many of them possess great veri-
similitude and can hardly have been invented as late
as the year 217, when the life was completed and
given to the literary world. It is rather to be
supposed that Damis himself was not altogether a
credible writer, but one who, like the so-called
vn
PA
A3
INTRODUCTION
arctalogi of that age, set himself to embellish the
life of his master^ to exaggerate his wisdom and
his supernatural powers ; if so, more than one of
the striking stories told by Philostratus may have
already stood in the pages of Damis.
However this be, the evident aim of Philostratus
is to rehabilitate the reputation of ApolloniuSj and
defend him from the charge of having been a
charlatan or wizard addicted to evil magical practices.
This accusation had been levelled against the sage
during his life-time by a rival sophist Euphrates, and
not long after his death by the author already
mentioned, Moeragenes. Unfortunately the orations
of Euphrates have perished, and we know little
of the work of Moeragenes. Origen, the Christian
father, in his work against Celsus, written about
the year 240, informs us that he had read it^
and that it attacked Apollonius as a magician
addicted to sinister practices. It is certain also that
the accusations of Euphrates were of similar
tendency, and we only need to read a very few
pages of this work of Philostratus to see that his
chief interest is to prove to the world that these
accusations were ill-founded, and that Apollonius
was a divinely-inspired sage and jjrophet, and a
reformer along Pythagorean lines of the Pagan
viii
INTRODUCTION
religion. It is possible that some of the stories
told by Byzantine writers of Apollonius^ notably
by John Tzetzes^ derive from Moeragenes.
The story of the life of Apollonius as narrated by
Philostratus is briefly as follows. He was born
towards the beginning of the Christian era at Tyana,
in Cappadocia^ and his birth was attended according
to popular tradition with miracles and portents. At
the age of sixteen he set himself to observe in the
most rigid fashion the almost monastic rule ascribed
to Pythagoras, renouncing wine, rejecting the married
estate, refusing to eat any sort of flesh, and in
particular condemning the sacrifice of animals to the
gods, which in the ancient world furnished the
occasion, at any rate for the poor people, of eating
meat. For w^e must not forget that in antiquity
hardly any meat was eaten which had not previously
been consecrated by sacrifice to a god, and that
consequently the priest was the butcher of a village
and the butcher the priest. Like other votaries
of the Neo-Pythagorean philosophy or disci{)line,
Apollonius went without shoes or only wore shoes
of bark, he allowed his hair to grow long, and never
let a razor touch his chin, ^nd he took care to wear
on his person nothing but linen, for it was accounted
by him, as by Brahmans, an impurity to allow any
ix
INTRODUCTION
dress made of the skin of dead animals to touch tlie
person. Before long he set himself up as a reformer,
and betaking himself to the town of Aegae, he took
up his abode in the temple of Aesculapius, where
he rapidly acquired such a reputation for sanctity
that sick people flocked to him asking him to heal
them. On attaining his majority, at the death of
his father and mother, he gave up the greater part
of his patrimony to his elder brother, and what was
left to his poor relations. He then set himself to
spend five years in complete silence, traversing, it
would seem, Asia Minor, in all directions, but never
opening his lips. The more than Trappist vow of
silence which he thus enforced upon himself seems
to have further enhanced his reputation for holiness,
and his mere appearance on the scene was enough
to hush the noise of warring factions in the cities of
Cilicia and Pamphylia. If we may believe his
biographer he professed to know all languages
without ever having learned them, to know the
inmost thoughts of men, to understand the language
of birds and animals, and to have the power of pre-
dicting the future. He also remembered his former
incarnation, for he shared the Pythagorean belief
of the migrations of human souls from body to body,
both of animals and of human beings. He preaclied
INTRODUCTION
a rigid asceticism, and condemned all dancing
and other diversions of the kind ; he would carry no
money on his person and recommended others to
spend their money in the relief of the })oorer classes.
He visited Persia and India^ where he consorted
with the Brahmans ; lie subsequently visited Egypt^
and went up the Nile in order to acquaint him-
self with those precursors of the monks of the
Thebaid called in those days the Gymnosophists or
naked philosophers. He visited the cataracts of the
Nile, and returning to Alexandria held long conver-
sations with Vespasian and Titus soon after the
siege and capture of Jerusalem by the latter. He
had a few years before, in the course of a visit to
Rome, incurred the wrath of Nero, Avhose minister
Tigellinus however Mas so intimidated by him as to
set him at liberty. After the death of Titus he
was again arrested, this time by the Emperor
Domitian, as a fomenter of sedition, but was
apparently acquitted. He died at an advanced age
in the reign of Nerva, who befriended him ; and
according to popular tradition he ascended bodily
to heaven, appearing after death to certain persons
who entertained doubts about a future life.
Towards the end of the third century when the
struggle between Christianity and decadent Paganism
xi
INTRODUCTION
had reached its last and bitterest stage, it occurred
to some of the enemies of the new religion to set up
ApoUonius, to whom temples and shrines had been
erected in various parts of Asia Minor, as a rival
to the founder of Christianity. Tiie many miracles
which were recorded of Apollonius, and in particular
his eminent power over evil spirits or demons, made
him a formidable rival in the minds of Pagans to
Jesus Christ. And a certain Hierocles, who was a
provincial governor under the Emperor Diocletian,
wrote a book to show that ApoUonius had been as
great a sage, as remarkable a w^orker of miracles,
and as potent an exorcist as Jesus Christ. His w^ork
gave great offence to the missionaries of the Christian
religion, and Eusebius the Christian historian w rote a
treatise in answer, in which he alleges that .\pollonius
was a mere charlatan, and if a magician at all, then
one of very inferior powers ; he also argues that if
he did achieve any remarkable results, it was thanks
to the evil spirits with whom he was in league.
Eusebius is careful, however, to point out that before
Hierocles, no anti-Christian writer had thought of
}Hitting forward ApoUonius as the rival and equal of
Jesus of Nazareth. It is possible of course that
Hierocles took his cue from the Emj)eror Alexander
Severus (a.d. 205-235), who instead of setting uj)
xii
INTRODUCTION
images of the ojods in his private shrine, estabhslied
therein, as objects of his veneration, statues of
Alexander the Great, Orpheus, Apollonius of Tyana,
Abraham, and Christ. This story however in no way
contradicts the statement of Eusebius, and it is a
pity that this significant caution of the latter has
been disregarded by Christian writers of the last
three centuries, who have almost unanimously adopted
a view that is utterly unwarrantable, namely, that
Philostratus intended his life of Apollonius as a
counterblast to that of the Christian gospel. The
best scholars of the present generation are opposed
to this view, for they realise that demoniac possession
was a common feature in the ancient landscape, and
that the exorcist driving demons out of afflicted
human beings by use of threats and invocations of
mysterious names was as familiar a figure in old
Pagan society as he was in the early church.
We read that wherever Apollonius travelled, he
visited the temples, and undertook to refoi*m the
cults which he there found in vogue. His reform
seems to have consisted in this, that he denounced
as derogatory to the gods the practice of sacrificing
to them animal victims and tried to persuade the
priests to abandon it. In this respect he prepared
the ground for Christianity and M'as working along
xiii
INTRODUCTION
the same lines as many of the Christian missionaries.
In the third centmy Porphyry the philosopher and
enemy of Christianity was as zealous in his con-
demnation of blood-offeringSj as ApoUonius had been
in the first. Unquestionably the neo- Pythagorean
propaganda did much to discredit ancient paganism,
and ApoUonius and its other missionaries were all
unwittingly working for that ideal of bloodless sacrifice
which, after the destruction of the Jewish Temple,
by an inexorable logic imposed itself on the Christian
Church.
It is well to conclude this all too brief notice of
ApoUonius with a passage cited by Eusebius ^ from
his lost work concerning sacrifice. There is no good
reason for doubting its authenticity, and it is an apt
summary of his religious belief: —
" In no other manner, I believe, can one exhibit a
fitting respect for the divine being, beyond any other
men make sure of being singled out as an object of
his fcivour and good-will, than by refusing to offer to
God whom we termed First, who is One and separate
from all, as subordinate to whom we must recognise
all the rest, any victim at all; to Him we must not
kindle fire or make promise unto him of any sensible
^ EuseV)iu.s, On the Preparatioii for the Oospel, Bk. iv.
Ch. 1.3.
xiv
INTRODUCTION
object whatsoever. For He needs nothing even
from beings higher than ourselves. Nor is there
any plant or animal which earth sends up or nourishes,
to which some pollution is not incident. We should
make use in relation to him solely of the higher
speech, I mean of that w hich issues not by the lips ;
and from the noblest of beings we must ask for
blessings by the noblest faculty we possess, and that
faculty is intelHgence, which needs no organ. On
these principles then we ought not on any account
to sacrifice victims to the mighty and supreme God."
The text followed by the translator is that of
C. L. Kayser, issued by B. G. Teubner, at Leipzic
in 1870.
XV
vv PHILOSTRATUS
BOOK I
VOL. I.
(DIAOrrPATOY
TA E2 TON TTANEA AnOAAflNION
A'
CAP, O; Toz. tdlJ^^ov Yivea^6pav i^aovovvre, raS.
iv TpoLa itotI ^Hopfio,, Avapioi-n re i,7roeaua>v,
AMoc hi d,, <^Bal 'OMPov, i<^er,rd re r^ ^^o
evn„e&<cu TrapacrolTO Kal KaOapeioo fip^aew,,
o-Koar, il.-^iX'^v. Kal evaUr /.^ 7»P a'>-TT«.
T0U9 /3a./.ov,, aX\k ,', p.eKvTrovia Kal 6 \i^av<oTO,
«al TO e<pvf.vii<ra., 'i-ocrav ravra rol, deoUjapa
rov AvSph^ rovTOV, r^^r^voxTKUV T6, <i.? a<xnrai;oiVTO
rk rocavra oi Oeol ^^aXXov f, rh, Uaro^^a. Kaj
ToJ9 e6oZ9 «al ;^a,;^<iva^ ■rrap air&v, o-Kr^ to«
<iv0pc«^o.9 Xaipov.^ Kal Stt, ^x^ovra., ,rep. re
4,Ue<., heieev Xeye^v rov, /.h W -^^"^^^
reKputipe<.ea. rov ddov Kal 8o?a9 a.o/xo.o.9 aXX,,-
PHILOSTRATUS
THE LIFE OF APOLLONJUS
OF TYANA
BOOK I
I
The votaries of Pythagoras of Samos have this chap.
story to tell of him^ that he was not an Ionian at all, ^
but that, once on a time in Troy, he had been fsceScismof
Euphorbus, and that he had come to life after death, Pythagoras
but had died as the songs of Homer relate. And
they say that he declined to wear apparel made from
dead animal products and, to guard his purity,
abstained from all flesh diet, whether of animals or
of sacrificial victims. For that he would not stain
the altars with blood ; nay, rather the honey-cake
and frankincense and the hymn of praise, these they
say were the offerings made to the Gods by this
man, who realised that they welcome such tribute
more than they do the hecatombs and the knife laid
upon the sacrificial basket. For they say that he
had of a certainty st)cial intercourse with the gods,
and learnt from them the conditions under which
tliey take pleasure in men or are disgusted, and on
this intercourse he based his account of nature. For
he said that, whereas other men only imake con-
jectures about the divinity and make guesses that
B 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. \aL<; irepl avrov So^d^eiv, eavjcp he rov re 'AttoWo)
TjKeiv o/jioXoyovvra, &)? avTo<; e'lrj, ^vvelvau he koX
fjLT} ofioXoyovvra^; rrjv ^A6rjvdv koL Ta<^ WLovaa^
Kol 6eov<^ €T6pov<^, o)v Ta elBrj koI ra ovofiara ovttq)
Tovf; avOp(*)7rov<; jcyvcocrfceLV. kol 6 re airo^rjvatro
o Tlvdayopa^, vopLOv tovto ol o/jLcXtjtoI rjyovvro kol
iri/jLcov avTov &)9 eK Aib<^ rjKovra, fcal rj atcoTrr) Se
virep Tov Oeiov acjaaiv iirrjaK'qTO' iroWa yap Oeld
T6 /cat diropprjra tjkovov, mv fcparelv '^aXerrrov rfv
/iirf TTpcoTOV /jLaOovatv, on Kol to acooTrdv X0709.
Kal jjirjv KOL TOV ' AKpayavTcvov 'E/xTreSo/cXea ^a-
hiaai (f>aal ttjv (TO(f>iav TavTrjv, to yap
'X^aipeT , iyoo 8' ufx/jLtv ^eo9 d/LL/SpoTo^y ovKeTt
OvrjTOf;
/cal
i]Br) ydp ttot iyo) yevofiriv Koprj re Kopo^; re
KoX 6 iv ^OXv/jLiTia ^ov<;, ov XeyeTai Trefi/jia
7ro>r)ad/jb€vo(; Oucrao, Ta JlvOayopov iTratvovvTo^
€1)] dv. Kal ifkeico eTepa irepl TOiv tov UvOayopov
Tpoirov (j)L\oao(f)rj(7dvT(t)v icrTopovo'CV, cov ov irpoa-
TjKeL jjue vvv dirTeaOat airevhovTa iirX tov \6yov, ov
diroTeXeaai irpovOepLi^v,
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
contradict one another concerning it, — in his own cii vp.
case he said that Apollo had come to him acknow- ^
1 edging that he was the god in person ; and that
Athene and the Muses and other gods, whose forms
and names men did not yet know, had also con-
sorted Avith him though Mithout making such
acknowledgment. And the followers of Pythagoras
accepted as law any decisions laid down by him,
and honoured him as an emissary from Zeus, but
imposed, out of respect for their divine character,
a ritual silence on themselves. For many were the
divine and ineffable secrets which they had heard,
but which it was difficult for any to keep who had
not previously learnt that silence also is a mode of
speech. Moreover they declare that Empedocles of
Acragas had trodden this way of wisdom M'hen he
wrote the line
" Rejoice ye, for I am unto you an immortal God,
and no more mortal."
And this also :
"For erewhile, I already became both girl and boy."
And the story that he made at Olympia a bull out
of pastry and sacrificed it to the god shews that he
approved of the sentiments of Pythagoras. And
there is much else that they tell of those sages who
observe the rule of P}i;hagoras ; but I must not now
enter upon such points, but hurry on to the work
which I have set myself to complete.
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
II
CAP. WSeXcjya yap rovTOt^ eTrcTTjBevaavTa 'AttoX-
\(M)viov, Kol Oeiorepov rj 6 llvda<y6pa<; ry ao(f)La
irpoaekOovra rvpavviScov re vTrepapavra, kol yevo-
fxevov Kara ')(^p6vov<; ovr ap')(^alov<; ovr av veov<^
ovTTO) 01 avOpcoTTOC ytyvoiCTKovaLV airo ri)^ a\r)6cvr]<;
cro^ta?, 7]v (})i\o(TO(f)(o<; re kol vyL(x)<; iiTrjcrKr^aev,
aA-A, /jL€V to, o 06 to eiraLvei tov avopo<;, oi oe,
iireiSr) fjudyot^; ^a^vXcovicov kol ^IvBwv ^pa-^^^/jbdcrt
KoX T0t<; iv AlyvTTTq) Tvfivot<; avveyeveTO, fidyov
r]yovvTaL avTov koI Sca^dWovaLv co? /Staico^;
(T0(l)6v, KaK(o<; yLypa)(TK0VT€<;- 'Eyu-TreSo/cX^? re yap
Kal TLv6ayopa(; avTo<; Kal A7]/jl6kplto<;, ofjbiXrja-avTe^^
fjbdyoif; Kai TroWa Bac/jiovia elirovTe^i, ovTroa^
V7rr}')(6r}crav ttj Te-yvr), TWdTcctv re /SaStVa? 6?
AiyvTTTov Kal ttoWcl tcov eKel TrpocfyrjTcov re Kal
lepecov iyKaTa/Mi^a^; tol<; eavTOV Xoyot^i, Kal KaO-
direp ^o)ypd(f)0(; €(TKiaypa(f)7]/jLevoi<^ eTTL^dXcov
■^pco/jLaTa, ovTTco fiayevetv eBo^e, KaiTot TrXetcrra
dv6p(07rcov (f)6ov7]06l<; iirl crocpia. ovSe yap to
irpoaio-deaOaL TroWd Kal Trpoyvcovat Bta/BdXkoi av
TOV ^ ATToXkcovcov €9 TTjv ao(f>iav TavTTjv, rj Scaffe-
^XrjaeTai ye Kal Z^coKpdTrjf; e'0' oI? wapd tov
SatfiovLov TrpoeyiyvcoaKe, koa ^Ava^ayopa<; e<^' 0Z9
irpovkeye' KaiTot rt? ovk olSe tov ' Ava^ayopav
^OXv/jLTTiacTi fiev, oiroTe rjKiaTa ve, irapeXOovTa vtto
kcoBlo) €9 to aTdStov iirl irpoppijaet OfijSpov, oiKiav
6
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
II
For quite akin to theirs was the ideal which chap.
Apollonius pursued^ and more divinely than
P}i;hagoras he wooed wisdom and soared above ^^s no ^"^
tyrants ; and though he lived in times not long gone wizard
by nor again quite of our own day^ yet men know
him not because of the true wisdom, which he
practised as a sage and sanely ; but one man singles
out one feature for praise in him and another another ;
while some, because he had interviews with the
wizards of Babylon and with the Brahmans of India,
and with the nude ascetics of Egypt, put him down
as a wizard, and spread the calumny that he was a
sage of an illegitimate kind, judging of him ill. For
Empedocles and P}i:hagoras himself and Democritus
consorted with wizards and uttered many super-
natural truths, yet never stooped to the black art ;
and Plato went to Egypt and mingled with his own
discourses much of what he heard from the prophets
and priests there ; and though, like a painter, he laid
their colours on to his rough sketches, yet he never
passed for a wizard, although much envied of mankind
for his wisdom. For the circumstance that
Apollonius foresaw and foreknew so many things
does not in the least justify us in imputing to him
this kind of wisdom ; we might as well accuse Socrates
of the same, because, thanks to his familiar spirit, he
knew things beforehand, and we might also accuse
Anaxafforas because of the manv things which he
foretold. And indeed who does not know the story
of how Anaxagoras at Olympia in a season of intense
drought came forward wearing a fleece into the
stadium, by way of predicting rain, and of how he
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. re, ft)9 Treo-elrat, irpoetTrovra firj 'yJrevo-acrOai, ireaeiv
yap, vvKTa re &)? ef rj/biepa^ earac, koL co? \idoL irepl
Aljo^ TTOTafiov^i Tov ovpavov eK^oOrjcrovTai, irpo-
ava(f)covr]aavTa aXrjOevaai; koI ao<j>ia ravra tov
'Ava^ayopov 7rpo(TTi6evre<; d(j)aipovvTaL tov 'AttoX-
Xoovcov TO KaTa ao(f)iav TrpoycyvooaKetv Kai (paaLv,
ft)? fjbdy<d Te')(yr) tovt 67rpaTT€v. Bofcel ovv fioi /jlt)
TrepitBeiv ttjv tmv ttoWcov ayvoiav, aXX' i^afcpc-
/3o)aaL TOV avhpa toI<; re ')(^p6voL<;, /caO' ov^ eliie tl
Tj kirpa^e, T0i<; re r?}? ao(^ia<; TpoTTot^;, v(f>' mv
eyjrauae tov BacfzovLOf; re kol Oelo^ vofJLiaOrjvai.
^vveiXeKTai Be jjlol to, fxev eK iroXewv, oiroaai
avTov Tjpoov, Ta Se ef Upcjv, oiroaa l'tt' avTov
eiravrj'^^^drj irapdXeXvfieva tov<; Seapbovf; tjBt], Ta Be
i^ Mv ecTTOv €Tepoi Trepl avTov, Ta Be eK tmv eKei-
vov iTTcaToXcov. eVecTTeXXe Be jBacnXevat (ro(f)i(TTa2<;
(f>i\oa6^oL<; 'HXeto/9 AeX(/)0fc9 ^lvBol<^ Alyv7rTLoi,<;
virep Oecov virep edcov virep vojjlwv, Trap' ol<; 6 tl
djjLapTavocTo, eTrrjvcopOov. tcl Be oLKpc^eaTepa
wBe (rvveXe^d/jurjv.
Ill
CAP. ^KyeveTO Acl/jll^; dvrjp ovk d(TO<f>o<i ttjv dp^auav iroTe
oIkmv ^Ivov ovTO<; tm 'AttoWcovlw 7rpocr(f>t\o-
ao(^r}aa<^ d7roBrjfjbia<; re avTOv dvayeypacfiev, mv
8
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
foretold the fall of the house^ — and truly, for it chap.
did fall ; and of how he said that day would be
turned into night, and stones would be discharged
from heaven round Aegospotami, and of how his
predictions were fulfilled ? Now these feats are set
down to the wisdom of Anaxagoras by the same
people who would rob Apollonius of the credit of
having predicted things by dint of wisdom, and say
that he achieved these results by art of wizardry.
It seems to me then that I oug-ht not to condone or such accvis-
+'11
acquiesce ih the general ignorance, but write a true forTtrue
account of the man, detailing the exact times at which Life of
he said or did this or that, as also the habits and ^^
temper of wisdom by means of which he came near
to being considered a supernatural and divine being.
And I have gathered my information partly from The sources
the many cities where he was loved, and partly from phiiostratus
the temples whose long-neglected and decayed rites
he restored, and partly from the accounts left of
him by others and partly from his own letters. For
he addressed these to kings, sophists, philosophers,
to men of Elis, of Delphi, to Indians, and Egyptians ;
and his letters dealt with the subjects of the gods,
of customs, of moral principles, of laws, and in all
these departments he corrected the errors into which
men had fallen. And the precise details which I
have collected are as follows.
Ill
There was a man, Damis, by no means stupid, chap.
who formerly dwelt in the ancient city of Nineveh.
The
He resorted to Apollonius in order to study wis- memoirs of
dom, and having shared, by his own account, his Damis used
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. /cotvoovrjaat koX avro^ ^rjat, koX yv(o/ia<; koX
"^ \6yov<; Kol OTToaa eV wpo^vwaiv elire. koX irpoa-
r)K(tiv Tt? To5 ^dfjbihi Ta<; Be\TOV<; tmv vTrofivrj-
fjLaTCOv TOVTCov ovTTco ^L'^vwaKOfjAva^ 69 yvcoaiv
7]^a^ev "\ov\ia rfj PaaiKihi. fJ^erexovrL Bi p,oi
Tov irepl avrrjv kvkXov — koX yap rov^ pr]T0pLK0v<;
iravra^ \6yov<; eiryvei koI rja'7rd^eT0-—/J.€Taypd'^at
T€ Trpoaera^e ra? Bcarpi/Sd^ ravra^ Koi t^9
dTrayyeXia^ avrcbv empieKr^Brjvai, t« yap ^LVi(p
aa(j)M<; jjiiv, ov jxr^v Se^tw? ye dir'qyyeXKeTO. ive-
Tvyov Se Kal Ma^l/Jiov tov Alyiem /3t^\i(p
^vv€i\ri(j)6TC rd iv AlyaU ' ATroWcoviOV Trdvra,^
Kal StaOriKac Be ro) "AttoWoviw yeypdcj^araL, Trap'
MV vTrdpxeo jiiaOelv, o)? inrodeid^wv rr^v (f)ikoao(\)iav
eyevero. ov yap Mocpayevet ye TrpoaeKreov,
/SilSXia puev ^vvOevTi k \\fjLoWd)vtov Terrapa,
TToWd Be Twv irepl tov dvBpa dyvojaavTC. ^ w?
fiev ovv ^vvr)yayov TavTa Bceajraa/Mva, Kai ft)?
eTrefJieXrjO'rjv tov ^vvOelvau avTd, etprjKa, exerco Be
6 \6yo<; TO) re dvBpl Tifii]V, 6? ov ^vyyey paTTTOi,
Toh Te (^CkopLaOea-TepoL^ a)<j)e\eiav' rj yap dv
fjidOotev, a fxriiTW ycyvcoaKOVcrtv.
IV
CAP. ' KiroWcoviff) Toivvv iraTph fiev yv Tvava ttoXk;
^^ 'EX,X<X9 iv Tu> KaiTTraBoKMv edvei, iraTrjp Be
6/jL(ovvfMo<;, yevo<; apx^'i^ov Kal tmv oiKLaTMV dvrjfi-
fievov, 7r\ovTO<; virep tov<; cKel, to Be eOvo<; ^aOv.
Kvovay Be avTov ttj p,r)Tpl cj^dafia rjXOev KlyvirTiov
lO
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
wanderings abroad, wrote an account of them. And chap.
he records his opinions and discourses and all his ^^^
prophecies. And a certain kinsman of Damis drew at the
the attention of the empress Julia to the documents of the
containing these memoirs hitherto unknown. Now empress
I belonged to the circle of the empress, for she
was a devoted admirer of all rhetorical exercises ;
and she commanded me to recast and edit these
essays, at the same time paying more attention to
the style and diction of them ; for the man of Nine-
veh had told his story clearly enough, yet somewhat
awkwardly. And I also read the book of Maximus Also
of Aegae, which comprised all the life of Apollonius of^^eSiT
in Aegae ; and furthermore a will was composed by
Apollonius, from which one can learn how rapturous
and inspired a sage he really was. For we must not The work of
pay attention anyhow to Moeragenes, who composed iVnorS*^"^^
four books about Apollonius, and yet was ignorant
of many of the circumstances of his life. That then
I combined these scattered sources together and
took trouble over my composition, I have said ; but
let my work, I pray, redound to the honour of the
man who is the subject of my compilation, and also
be of use to those who love learning. For assuredly .
they will here learn things of which as yet they
are ignorant.
IV
Apollonius' home, then, was Tyana, a Greek city chap.
amidst a population of Cappadocians. His father ^^
was of the same name, and the family was ancient ^nd^^^^^
and directly descended from the first settlers. It miraculous
excelled in wealth the surrounding families, though Apollonius
the district is a rich one. To his mother, just before
11
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Bai/jLovo<;, 6 Upcorev^; 6 irapa t« 'O/jLTjpay i^aX-
XaTTfov Tj be ovoev oeicracra rjpero avrov, n
airoKViqaoL' o oe efie eiTre' au be tl<;;
el7rov<Trj(; " TLpcorev^J' €(j)r}, " 6 Al<yv7rTLo<; ^609."
ocTTt^ fiev Bt) t7)v cro^lav 6 TLpcorev^; eyevero, tl av
i^TjyOL/jLrjV T0t9 76 OLKOVOVGL TMV TTOLrjTWV, Q)<;
TTOiKiXof; re rjv /cal aXXore aXXo9 kul KpeiTTWv rod
oKoyvat, yiyvcjuaKeiv re 0)9 iSofceo /cal irpoyLyvco-
crKSLV Trdvra; koI fxefJuvrjaOat ')(^pr] rod YlpwreMf;,
/jLaXicrra iireiBav irpoloiv X0709 Sei/cvvr) rov
dvSpa TrXecco [xev rj Tlpcorevf; irpoyvovra, ttoWcov
Se ciTTopcov T€ fcal dfiTj-^dvcov KpeiTTw yevofievov iv
avTO) fidXi-crTa rw d7r6c\rj(f)0aL.
CAP. Te^Orjvat Be iv \ei/jb(ovt XeyeraL, vrpb^ w vvv rb
lepov avTO) eKireirovriTaL. /cal /jLr)Se 6 rpoTro^i dyvo-
eiadw, ov direr e')(0'r)' dyovar) yap rfj jxr^rpl roKov
copav ovap eyevero ^aSlaaL e9 rov XetfiMva kol
dvOf] Kelpai, /cal S7]ra dipL/co/jLevrj al jxev BjjLcoal rrpoa-
elyov rol<^ dvOecrtv ecr/ceBaa/jLevat, Kara rov Xec/xcova,
avrr) Be €9 vttvov dTrrj^dr) KKtOelcra ev rrj rroa.
KVKVoi roivvv, 01)9 Xec/jLcbv efioa/ce, x^P^^ earij-
aavro irepl avrrfv KaOevBovaav, /cal rd<; 7rrepvya<i,
warrep elcoOaaiv, dpavre<; dOpoov rfx/jaav, /cal yap
^ rt /cal ^e(t>vpov rjv ev r(p Xet/jLcovi, rj Be e^eOope re
VTTO rr}<^ (pBrjf; /cal drrereKev, l/cavrj Be rraaa
12
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
he was born, there came an apparition of Proteus, chap.
who changes his form so much in Homer, in the
guise of an Egyptian demon. She was in no way
frightened, but asked him what sort of child she
would bear. And he answered : "Myself." "And
who are you ? " she asked. " Proteus," answered he,
"the god of Egypt." Well, I need hardly explain
to readers of the poets the quality of Proteus and
his reputation as regards wisdom ; how versatile he
was, and for ever changing his form, and defying
capture, and how he had the reputation of knowing
both past and future. And we must bear Proteus
in mind all the more, when my advancing story
shews its hero to have been more of a prophet than
Proteus, and to have triumphed over many difficulties
and dangers in the moment when they beset him
most closely.
V
Now he is said to have been born in a meadow', chap.
hard by which there has been now erected a ^
sumptuous temple to him ; and let us not pass by J,J*puncia-
the manner of his birtli. For just as the hour of his tion to
birth was approaching, his mother was warned in a
dream to walk out into the meadow and pluck the
flowers ; and in due course she came there and her
maids attended to the flowers, scattering themselves
over the meadow, while she fell asleep lying on the
grass. Thereupon the swans who fed in the
meadow set up a dance around her as she slept, and
lifting their wings, as they are wont to do, cried out
aloud all at once, for there was somewhat of a breeze
blowing in the meadow. She then leaped up at the
sound of their song and bore her child, for any
13
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. €K7r\r)^t(; jxaievaaaOaL koL irpo rrj^; (opa^;. ol he
i'y')((jL>piOi (f)aaLV, &)9 Ofjuov re tI/ctolto, koI (TKr]7rT0<;
iv rfj ryy ireaelaOaL Sokmv ififjuerecopLaOeirj tw
aWepi Kol d<pavLa0€L7] dvco, to, oi/iai, 6K(j)ave<; koI
virep irdvTa rd iv rfj yf} /cal to dy^ov 6eo)v koI
OTToaa oBe o dvrjp iyevero, (pauvovref; ol Oeol /cal
7rpo(TrjjuLaivovTe<;.
VI
CAP. "Eo-T£ Se Ti irepl Tvava vScop 'OpKiov Aco^;,
W9 (f>acn, KoKovai Be avrb ^ KajBafialov, ov Trrjyr)
dvaBiBorai 'xjrv^pd, TracpXd^ei Be, odairep o Oepixat-
v6jji€vo<; \e/37](;. tovto ev6pK0L<; fiev Tkecov re kol
r)Bv vBcop, eirLopKOi<^ Be irapd TroBa^; rj BiKr)' diro-
aKYjiTTei yap Kal e? 6(j)0a\p.ov(; koI e? '^eLpa<; Kal
69 7r6Ba<;, /cal vB€poc<; dXiCTKOVTac Kal (f)06aL<;, /cal
ovB' direXOelv Bvvarov, aXV avroOo e')(0VTai Kal
d\o(j>vpovTai TTpo^ TO) vBan o/jboXoyovvre^ a errrL-
a)pKr)o-av' ol fjuev Brj iy^coptoi (fyaac iralBa rod
Aio<i Tov WttoXXcovcov yeyovevai, o B) dvr)p AiroX-
XcovLOu eavTov KaXel-
VII
CAP. UpoLcov Be €9 rfXiKiav, iv y ypd/jb/jiara, fiV7]pLr)<;
re la^vv iBrjXov Kal pLeXeTr)<; Kpdro^;, Kal rj yXcorra
AmKCO<; €i')(ev, ovB^ dirrj-^Or] rrjv (pcovrjv viro rod
eOvov^, 6(f)0aX/j,OL re 7rdvre<; 69 avrov icf)epovro, Kal
yap irepi^XeTTTO'^ rjv rrjv copav. yeyovora Be avrov
14
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
sudden fright is apt to bring on a premature delivery, chap.
But the people of the country say that just at the p i. ^ i.
moment of the birth^ a thunderbolt seemed about to Ms birth
fall to earth and then rose up into the air and dis-
appeared aloft ; and the gods thereby indicated^ I
think, the great distinction to which the sage was to
attain, and hinted in advance how he should transcend
all things upon earth and approach the gods, and
signified all the things that he would achieve.
VI
Now there is near Tyana a well sacred to Zeus, the chap.
god of oaths, so they say, and they call it the well of ^^
Asbama. Here a spring rises cold, but bubbles up ^^banm^ '^^
like a boiling cauldron. This water is favourable
and sweet to those who keep their oaths, but to
perjurers it brings hot-footed justice ; for it attacks
their eyes and hands and feet, and they fall the prey
of dropsy and wasting disease ; and they are not even
able to go away, but are held on the spot and bemoan
themselves at the edge of the spring, acknowledging
their perjuries. The people of the country, then,
say that ApoUonius Mas a son of Zeus, but the sage
called himself the son of ApoUonius.
VTI
On reaching the age when children are taught chap.
their letters, he showed great strength of memory ^^^
and power of application ; and his tongue affected by Euthy-
the Attic dialect, nor was his accent corrupted by d'emus in
the race he lived among. All eyes were turned upon
15
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. err) Teaa-apea KaiheKa ayei 69 Tapcrov^ 6 Trarrjp Trap
Kv0vSr]jjLov Tov i/c ^OLViKrj^. 6 he ^vOvBr]jjLO<;
p-^TCop T€ aya6o<; rjv koX iiraiSeve rovrov, 6 Be tov
fiev BiBacTKakov etp^ero, to Be Trj<; 7roXe&)9 r)0o<;
droTTOv re rj^elro koI ov '^prjo'Tov e/jL(f)i\oao(l)7]aat,
Tpv(f)rj<; re yap ovBapbov p^aKKov diTTOvTai, (tkoh-
iTToKai re /cat v/dpcaral 7rdvre<;, Kal BeBcofcaat rrj
odovT) p,aWov Tj rfi aoc^ia ^ KOrjvaloi, 7rorap.o<;
re avrov<; BiappeX Ki;8i/09, co TrapaKadr/prai,
Kaddrrep rcov opviOcov ol vypoi. ro rot, ** irav-
aaade p,eOvovr€<; to3 vBart " ^AttoWcovlo) 7r/309
avroi)^ ev emcrroX^ etprjrai. p^eOiarr^acv ovv rov
BiBdarKoKov BerjOeU rod 7rarpb<; €9 Alydf; rd<;
rrXrjaiov, ev al<; rjav^ia re 7rpocr(f)opo<; ra> (f)L\oao-
(^rjaovri /cal arrovBal veavcKcorepac kul lepov
^A<TK\r)7nov, Kal 6 ^AaK\r]7rio<; avro<; eTrlBrjXofi rol<;
dv6pco7rocovv p^ev avra>
UXarcoveLOL re Kal ^pvaimreioi Kal ol drro
rov TrepiTrdrov, Bcr^Kove Be Kal rcov ^YiinKovpov
Xoycov, ovBe yap rovrov^ aTreaTrovBa^e, rov<i Be ye
YlvOayopeiov^ dppi]r(p rivl o-o^'ia ^vviXa^e' BcBd-
aKaXo<; pep yap rjv avrm tcop Uvdayopov Xoycop
ov rrdpv airovBalo';, ovBe epepyw rfj (j>cXoao(f)ia
'^p(op>epo(;, yaarpo^ re yap ijrrcop rjp Kal dcppo-
BiaLCOP Kal Kara rop ^ErriKovpop ea^rip^dncrro- r)p
Be ovro^ Ei/f 61/09 o e'f 'i{paKXeia<; rov lloprov, rd<;
Be TivOayopov Bo^a^ eyiypwaKep, cdcnrep ol oppi6e^
i6
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 1
him, for he was, moreover, conspicuous for his chap.
beauty. When then he reached his fourteenth year,
his father brought him to Tarsus, to Euthydemus
the teacher from Phoenicia. Now Euthydemus was
a good rhetor, and began his education ; but, though
he was attached to his teacher, he found the
atmosphere of the city harsh and strange and little
conducive to the philosophic life, for nowhere are
men more addicted than here to luxury : jesters and
full of insolence are they all ; and they attend more
to their fine linen than the Athenians did to wisdom ;
and a stream called the Cydnus runs through their
city, along the banks of which they sit like so many
water-fowl. Hence the words which Apollonius
addresses to them in his letter : " Be done with
getting drunk upon your water." He therefore Remova to
transferred his teacher, with his father's consent, to ^yf^n^hc
the town of Aegae, which was close by, where he temple of
found a peace congenial to one who would be a phil- " "'^ ^^^"^
osopher, and a more serious school of study and a
temple of Asclepius, where that god reveals himself
in person to men. There he had as his companions in
philosophy followers of Plato and Chrysippus and
peripatetic philosophers. And he diligently attended
also to the discourses of Epicurus, for he did not
despise these either, although it was to those of
Pythagoras that he applied himself with unspeakable
wisdom and ardour. However, his teacher of the His Pytha-
Pythagorean system was not a very serious person, fg^^^g^.
nor one who practised in his conduct the philosophy Euxenus
he taught ; for he was the slave of his belly and
appetites, and modelled himself upon Epicurus. And
this man was Euxenus from the town of Heraclea in
Pontus, and he knew the opinions of Pythagoras just as
17
VOL. I. C
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. a fjbavddvovcn irapa tmv dv6pct)7rcov, to yap
^atpe KUi TO €v Trparre Kai to Zeu?
tXew? " KoX TCi TOiavTa ol 6pvi0e<^ ev'^ovTat, ovtc
€6^0X69 Ti XeyovaLV ovte ScaKei/jLevoc tt/do? tov<;
dv6pco7rov(;, d\Xd ippvOixiajjuevoi ttjv yXcoTTav
6 Be, coairep ol veoi tmv deTcbv iv aTraXw fiev t&
TTTepS) TrapaireTOVTai tol<; yeivafievoi^; avToi)^ [xeke-
Tco/jLevoi VTT avTcov TTJV TTTTjaiv, eTTecSdv Se alpe-
aOac BvvrjOcocrcv, vTrepireTOVTai tov<; yovea<;, ak\(o<;
T€ fcdv Xi')(yov^ atadcovTat koL KvLarj^ eveKa tt/oo?
TTj yfj TreTOfJievov^y ovtco kol o ^A7roXXcovLo<i Trpocr-
el'^e T€ T(p ^v^evw 7ral<; €tl, koX ijyeTo vtt avTOV
^atvcov iirl tov Xoyov, irpoeXdcbv he 69 eT09
Se/caTOv fcal cktov copfxr^aev eVt tov tov YlvOayopov
l3iov, TTTepwOel^; eV avTov vtto tlvo<^ fcpeLTTOvo<;.
ov fJLrjV TOV ye Rv^evov eiravaaTo dyairoyv, a)OC
e^acTrjcra<; avTW irpodcrTeiov irapa tov iraTpo'^y ev
c5 KYjiTOi re diraXol rjaav Kai irr^yai, " crv /xev ^rjOc
TOV creavTov TpoTTov/^ €(f>rj, " €70) Se tov TlvOayopov
^rjcrojjLat.
VIII
'}iyov/jLevov Be avTov tov Ev^evov /jieydXrj<; Bia-
VTti* voia<i aTTTeadai /cat epofjuevov, oiroOev dp^ocTo,
ouev Trep 01 uaTpoL, e(pr], kul yap e/cetvoc kuu-
aipovTe<; Ta9 yaaTepa<; tov^ fiev ovBe vocrelv ecjcn,
T01/9 Be IwvTatr Kai elTroyv tovto Ta9 fjiev e/juyfrv-
p^of9 ^pcoaeLQ ct)9 ovTe KaOapd<^ kol tov vovv
ira'^vvovaaf; irapyTrjaaTO, TpayrjfiaTa Be Kai
Xd^ava eacTecTO, KaOapd eivac (pdo-Kcov, oTroaa r)
18
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
birds know what they learn from men ; for the birds chap.
will wish you "farewell/' and say " Good day " or "Zeus
help you/' and such like^ without understanding what
they say and without any real s^inpathy for mankind,
merely because they have been trained to move their
tongue in a certain manner. Apollonius, however,
was like the young eagles who, as long as they are
not fully fledged, fly alongside of their parents and
are trained by them in flight, but who, as soon as
they are able to rise in the air, outsoar the parent
birds, especially when they perceive the latter to be
greedy and to be flying along the ground in order to
snuff the quarry ; like them Apollonius attended
Euxenus as long as he was a child and was guided by
him in the path of argument, but when he reached
his sixteenth year he felt an impulse towards the life
of Pythagoras, being fledged and winged thereto by
some higher power. Notwithstanding he did not
cease to love Euxenus, nay, he persuaded his father
to present him with a villa outside the town, where
there were tender groves and fountains, and he said
to him ; " Now you live there your own life, but I
will live that of Pythagoras."
VIII
Now Euxenus realised that he was attached to a chap.
lofty ideal, and asked him at what point he would ^^^^
begin it. Apollonius answered : " At the point at
which physicians begin, for they, by purging the
bowels of their patients prevent some from being
ill at all, and heal others." And having said this he Apollonius
declined to live upon a flesh diet, on the ground that flesh"£e?
it was unclean, and also that it made the mind gross ; and wine
so he partook only of dried fruits and vegetables,
19
c 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ^yrj avTT) ScScocri, koL tov olvov KaOapov fxev ecf)a-
aicev elvai iroifia i/c (fivrov ovtco<; rjfiepov toI<;
dv0p(O7roc<; ijKovra, evavTiovaOai Se rfj tov vov
(TvaTacreL hiaOoXovvra tov ev t^ "^^XV ^^^^P^'
fjueTCL Be Tr)v KaOapaiv t^9 yaaTpo<; TOiavTr)v
ryeyo/jL6vr)v avv7roSr]criav re iroielTaL KO(T/uLr)/j,a /cat
\ivov eadrjTa apnTiayjcTai TrapaiTi^crd /jL€Vo^ ttjv airo
tS)V ^a>cov, avrjfci re ttjv k6/jL7]v fcal ev Ta> lepw e^rj.
iK7re7r\y]yfievcov Be avTov tcjv irepl to lepov koI
TOV WafcXrjTTLov iroTe 7rpo<; tov lepea (f)/](TavT0<;,
C09 j^aipoi Oepairevcov tov<; voaovvTa<; viro 'AttoX-
XcovLO) fidpTVpL, ^vvr/ecrav e? tcl^; Alya<; ecj/ laTopia
}^i\c/ce(; re avrol koX ol irepi^, 6 re KiXt/cio? X0709
TTOL T/9e%ei9 ; ^7 ein tov ecprfpov ; eir exeivtp
T€ iXeyeTO koX irapoifiKaBr) Ttpurjv ea^^v.
IX
CAP. "A^iov Be jxrjBe tcl ev tw lepw irapeXOelv jSiov ye
a<f>r]yovpLevov avBpo^y 09 koX T0t9 Oeol'i rjv ev Xoycp'
pueLpdicLov yap Br) ^Aaa-vpiov irapa tov 'AaK\rj7riov
rjKOV eTpv(f)a voaovv Kal ev ttotol^ e^rj, p^aXkov
Be direOvqaKev vBep(p Be apa el^j^TO /cal p^Orj %a.t-
pov av^/^ov r/p^eXec, rjp^eXelTO Brj viro tov A<t-
kXtjitiov Bta TavTa, Kal ovBe ovap avTw e(f>0LTa.
20
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
for he said that all the fruits of the earth are clean, chap.
And of wine he said that it was a clean drink because
it is yielded to men by so well-domesticated a plant
as the vine ; but he declared that it endangered the
mental balance and system and darkened^ as with
mud^ the ether which is in the soul. After then Wears linen
having thus purged his interior^ he took to walk-
ing without shoes by way of adornment and clad
himself in linen raiment, declining to wear any
animal product ; and he let his hair grow long and
lived in the Temple. And the people round about
the Temple were struck with admiration for him,
and the god Asclepius one day said to the priest that
he was delighted to have Apollonius as witness of his
cures of the sick ; and such was his reputation
that the Cilicians themselves and the people all
around flocked to Aegae to see him. Hence the
Cilician proverb : ^^ Whither runnest thou ? Is it to
see the stripling ? " Such was the saying that arose
about him, and it gained the distinction of becoming
a proverb.
IX
Now it is well that I should not pass over^ in my chap.
narrative, the life led in the Temple by my hero, ^^
who was held in esteem even by the gods. For an i"<^^dents
Assyrian stripling came to Asclepius, and though he life in the
was sick, yet he lived the life of luxury, and being AsTklJiui
continually drunk, I will not say he lived, rather he Curesa
was ever dying. He suffered then from dropsy, and patfenr
finding his pleasure in drunkenness took no care to
dry up his malady. On this account then Asclepius
took no care of him, and did not visit him even
21
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. e7n/jL€/uL(j)0/jiev(p Se ravra ein<na<; 6 6eo<; " el 'AttoX.-
Xddvicpr ecf)rj, '* SLoKeyow, pawv ecrrfy irpocreXOwv
ovv TO) ATToWcoviq) '*Tt dv," €(f)r), " rrjf; arjq ao(f)ia^
eycti aTToXavcrai/jLt; KsKevei yap fie 6 'Acr/cX?;7rt09
avveivai croi. o, rf o 09, ecrrac croc tt/Oo? ra
irapovra iroWov d^Lov vyieia^ yap irov hey ; "
- VT) AC" elirev, *' rjv ye 6 ^AafcXTfTrco^; iirayyeX-
Xerat fiev, ou SiScocTL 8e." evc^rffJueL," ecprj, " to2<;
yap I3ovXo/jL€vol<^ SlScoctl, crv Se ivavria rfj voacp
TTyoaTTet?, Tpvcfyfj yap SlBov<; o^^ro^aylav eVecr-
dyei^ vypoi^ koX hiecpOopocn rot? G-7rXdy^vot.<;
Kol vBart e7ravTXei<; TrrfKovT ravrl pbev aa^e-
arepa, olfjuai, t% 'JipaKXeirov <To4>La^ ^XP^~
afjiwher 6 [xev yap helaOai €(^17 tov ttoitjo-ovto'^
e^ eTTOfi/Spiaf; aif^fjLOv, eaeX66vTO<; aurov tovtovI
rod Trddov^, ovk ev^vverd irov Xeycov, ov8e hrjXa,
3' 7]yayev e? hyieiav to fjbeipdKtov ra ao(f)a
aa(j)co<; ep/jLrjvevaa<;'
X
CAr. 'ISwt' Be dOpoov irore ev rw l3o)p,a) alfia, Kal
SiaKeifieva eirl rod 0(o/jlov tcl lepd, reOvfievov^ re
0ov<; KlyvTTTLOV^ Kal av<; /jueyaXov;, Kal ra fiev
SepovTa<^ avTOV'i, ra Be KoiTTovTa<^, ')(^pvaiBa^ re
dvaKei/jLeva<i Bvo Kal Xl6ov<; ev avral^ tmv ^IvBikco-
rdrctiv Kal davpLaai(DV, irpoaeXOcbv tm lepei " ru
ravra;" e(f)r), *'XafJiirp6)<^ ydp Tt9 X'^pi^erai rw
22
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
in a dream. The youth grumbled at this, and there- chap.
upon the god, standing over him, said, " If you were
to consult ApoUonius you would be easier." He
therefore went to ApoUonius, and said : ^' What is
there in your wisdom that I can profit by ? for
Asclepius bids me consult you." And he replied :
"I can advise you of what, under the circumstances,
will be most valuable to you ; for I suppose you want
to get well." '^*' Yes, by Zeus," answered the other,
" I want the health which Asclepius promises, but
never gives." " Hush," said the other, " for he gives
to those who desire it, but you do things that irritate
and aggravate your disease, for you give yourself up
to luxury, and you accumulate heavy meals upon
your water-logged and worn-out stomach, and as it
were, choke water with a flood of mud." This was
a clearer response, in my opinion, than Heraclitus,
in his wisdom, gave. For he said when he was
visited by this affection that what he needed was
some one to substitute a drought for his rainy weather,
a very unintelligible remark, it appears to me, and
by no means clear ; but the sage restored the youth
to health by a clear interpretation of the .wise saw.
X
One day he saw a flood of blood upon the altar, chap.
and there were victims laid out upon it, Egyptian -^
bulls that had been sacrificed and great hogs, and Ostracises
some of them were being flayed and others were cmci^n^
being cut up ; and two gold vases had been dedicated
set with jewels, the rarest and most beautiful that
India can provide. So he went up to the priest and
said : " What is all this ; for some one is making a
23
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Oew. he " Oavixdarj^^ 6^^, *' fxaWov, ore /buijre
lK€T€vaa<i TTore ivravOa fjbrjre BiaTpiyjra<;, ov ol
aWoi ')(povov, /jLTjre vytdvaf; ttco irapd rov deov,
fxrjh^ direp alrijarcov rjXOev e-)((ov. %^e9 yap Br)
d(f)iy/jL€V(i) eoLKev, o 8' ovtco<; d(f>66v(0<; 6vei. (firjal
Be Trkeico fiev Ovaeuv, irXeia) Be dvaOrjaeLv, el irpo-
(TOLTO avTov 'AcT/tXi^TTto?. eGTi Be TOiv ttKov-
cnwraTwv' KeKTrjrac yovv ev K.tXi/aa ^iov ifkeico
r) YLiKiKes ofiov 7rdure<;' iKerevei Be rov Oeov diro-
Bovvai 01 Tov erepov tmv ocfiO oX/jlcov e^eppvrjKora'*
6 Be ^A7roW(i)ViO(;, oyairep yeyrjpaKa)^ elcoOet, tou?
6<^6a\ixov<^ e<? Tr)v yrjv arrjaa'i " ri Be ovofia avTwT
Tjpero. eirei oe ijKovae ooKet fioc, ecprj, a>
lepev, TOV dvdpcoTTOv tovtov fir) irpocrBe'^eaOac
T(£) i€pa>, /jLLapo<; ydp ri<; 7)k€c kol Ke^pr)/jLevo<; ovk
eVt '^pr)aTol<; rw irdOei, kol avro Be to jrplv
evpeaOai ti irapd tov Oeov 7roXvT€\co<; Oveiv ov
Ovovt6<; eaTtv, aXX' eavTOV irapaiTOv fjuevov crxe-
t\l(ov t€ Kal '^^aXeiTcbv epycov.^ TavTa [xev o
^ KiToW(iiVLO<^. B' ^Ao-K\r)7rL0<; e7naTd<; vvKT(op
TO) lepel dTTLTco" €(f)r), " 6 Belva Ta eavTOV e^cov,
d^cof; ydp /jLr)Be tov eTepov tmv ocpOaXfiMv e^eiv. '
dva/jLav6dvcov ovv 6 lepev<i tov dvOpcoTTOv, yvvr)
fiev Tcp K.L\tKt TOVTcp iyeyovet OvyaTepa e'yovaa
irpoTepdiv ydfjLCdv, o Be ijpa Trj<^ /copi)'; Kai uKoXa-
crT&)9 eZ^e ^vvrjv re ovB^ 009 XaOelv eTnaTaaa
24
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
very handsome gift to the gods ? " And the priest chap.
replied : " You may rather be surprised at a man's ^
offering all this without having first put up a prayer
in our fane, and without having stayed with us as
long as other people do, and without having gained
his health from the god, and without obtaining all
the things he came to ask for here. For he appears
to have come only yesterday, and yet he is sacrific-
ing on this lavish scale. And he declares that he
will sacrifice more victims, and dedicate more gifts,
if Asclepius will hearken to him. And he is one of
the richest men in existence ; at any rate he owns in
Cilicia an estate bigger than all the Cilicians together
possess. And he is supplicating the god to restore
to him one of his eyes that has fallen out." But
Apollonius fixed his eyes upon the ground,, as he was
accustomed to do in later life, and asked : "^ What
is his name ? " And when he heard it, he said : " It
seems to ipe, O Priest, that we ought not to welcome
this fellow in the Temple : for he is some ruffian who
has come here, and that he is afflicted in this way is
due to some sinister reason : nay, his very conduct in
sacrificing on such a magnificent scale before he has
gained anything from the god is not that of a genuine
votary, but rather of a man who is begging himself
off from the penalty of some horrible and cruel
deeds." This was what Apollonius said : and
Asclepius appeared to the priest by night, and said :
"Send away so and so at once with all his possessions,
and let him keep them, for he deserves to lose the
other eye as well." The priest accordingly made
inquiries about the Cilician and learned that his wife
had by a former marriage borne a daughter, and he
had fallen in love with the maiden and had seduced
her, and was living with her in open sin. For the
25
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. >yap T) fJLr/rrjp rfj evvfj tt}? fjuev ap.(\)w, rod Be top
hepov TMV o(^6a\p,o)v e^eKO^\rev ivapa^aaa ra?
Trepovaf;.
XI
CAP. To 76 iir)v 6vovTa<; rj avandevra^; p.r] virep-
^aXkeuv TO puerpiov wSe avr(^ e(\)CKocro(^eLTO' irXei-
ovwv yap irore ^vveXriXvOorwv €9 to lepov dpTC
i^eXrjXafievov tov KlXlko^ ripeTO tov lepea ovTCoar
apa^ 6(1)7], " ol Oeol BUaiOL ; " " ScKatoTaTOL fiev
ovv" elire. " tl Se- ^vveTOi T iccii rt," e(/)r?,
- ' ^vveTCOTepov tov Oeiov ; " " Ta Be TOiV avOpcowcov
taaaiv, ^ ctTrecpoL avTwv elai ; " " koI fir^v tovt ^
ecjir], " irXeoveKTovcn fMaXtcTTa ol Oeol tcov avdpco-
TToyv, OTL ol fiev VTT aaOevela^ ovBe tcl eavTMV,
taaau, T0t<; Be jiyvcoaKeLV virapxec ra eKeivwv re
Kal Tk avToyvr *' Trai/ra," e<l>v, " apccTTa, oy lepev,
Kol aXrjOeaTaTa. eirel tolvvv irdvTa yiyvdyaKOvaL,
BoKel fiot TOV riKOVTa e? Oeov Kal Xpr)(TTa eavT(a
^vvetBoTa TOidvBe evxW evxecrOar m Oeol, BoLr]Te
fjLOL Ta oc^eiXofieva' o(\>ei\eTai yap ttov, w lepev,
Tot9 fiev oo-LOL^ TCL dyadd, toI<; Be <^av\oL^ TdvavTia,
Kal ol Oeol ovv ev iroLovvTe^^, ov fiev av vyid re Kal
aTpcoTov KaKia^ evpcoac, irefiTTOvac Brjirov aT€(f)a-
v(0(TavT6^ ov XP^dol^ o-Te(j)dvoL<i, d\X dyadol<;
26
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
mother had surprised the two in bed, and had chap.
put out both her eyes and one of his by stabbing
them with her brooch-pin.
XI
Again he inculcated the wise rule^ that in our chap.
sacrifices or dedications we should not go beyond the ^^
just mean, in the following way. On one occasion moraUty^n
several people had flocked to the Temple, not long Religion
after the expulsion of the Cilician, and he took the
occasion to ask the priest the following questions.
" Are then," he said, " the gods just } " " Why, of
course, most just," answered the priest. " Well,
and are they wise ? " " And what," said the other,
" can be wiser than the godhead } " But do they
know the affairs of men, or are they without ex-
perience of them ? " " Why," said the other, ^^ this
is just the point in which the gods excel mankind,
for the latter, because of their frailty, do not under-
stand their own concerns, whereas the gods have the
privilege of understanding the affairs both of men
and of themselves." '^'^All your answers," said
Apollonius, " are excellent, O Priest, and very true.
Since then, they know everything, it appears to me
that a person who comes to the house of God and
has a good conscience, should put up the following
prayer : ^ O ye gods, grant unto me that which 1 The Prayer
deserve.' For," he went on, "the holy, O Pi'iest, ^po^o^i^g
surely deserve to receive blessings, and the wicked the
contrary. Therefore the gods, as they are beneficent,
if they find anyone who is healthy and whole and
unscarred by vice, will send him away, surely, after
crowning him^ not with golden crowns, but with all
27
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. TTCicnv, ov 3' av Kareany fievov iSwat koX hie-
(pOopora, KaraKeLirovaL rfj Sifcrj, rocrovrov *avTOc<;
eTTi/jbrjvicravTe's, oaov eroXfJurjo-av koX lepa e(T(}>oiTav
fir) KaOapol ovre^T koX afia e? rov ^AaKXrjTrtov
ySXe'v^a? *' (f)c\ocro(f>6L^.^^ 6(f)7] " CO ^AcTKXrjTrie, rrjv
dpprjTov re koI crvyyevrj cravro) (f)t\oao(f)iav fit]
av<yj((opo)V toc<; ^avKoi<; hevpo r^Keiv, fx'^'jh^ av Trdvra
aoL ra airo ^Yvhwv koX ^apSwcop ^v/jL<pepco(TLV' ov
yap TLfjLcovT€<i TO detov dvovac ravra teal ava-
TTTOVcrcv, aXX^ cdvovfjbevot rrjv Slktjv, rjv ov ^vyx^-
pelje avToi<; hiKaLorarov 6vt€<;. ' TroWa Tocavra
€V TO) lepO) €<pi\0(TO(p€i ev €(pr)p(p €Ti.
XII
CAP. KcLKeiva ri]^ ev Alyac<; BcaTpi^7]<;' Kl\l/c(ov
r}p')(6V vj^piarr]^ avOpwiro^ ical /ca/cb<; ra ipcoTLKa-
€9 TOVTOV ^XOe X6yo<; Trj<; ^ AttoWcovlov copa<;, 6 3e
eppoyo-Qai ^pdaa^ ot<; eirparrev ev TapaoL<; Be apa
dyopav rjyev e^wpfjurjOrj e? Ta<; Alyd<; voaelv re eav-
rov (l)7Jcra<i Ka\ rov ^ Aa/cXrjircov SelaOac, koI irpocr-
e\6(bv TO) ^ ATToWoyvio) ^aSi^ovri ihia ** (Tvarrjaov
/xe" e(f>7] " TOJ ^efo." o Be viroXa^obv " Koi ri crot
Bel rov avarrjaovTO'^r enrev, " el ')^pr](TTo<; el; Tov<i
yap cTTTOvBaiov^ ol deol kqX dvev rcav irpo^evovvrcov
dcTTrd^ovTaL." " ore vr) AiT," ^(prj, ** ^ATroXXcovce,
28
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
sorts of blessings ; but if they find a man branded chap.
with sin and utterly corrupt^ they will hand him
over and leave him to justice, after inflicting their
wrath upon him all the more^ because he dared to
invade their Temples without being pure." And at
the same moment he looked towards Asclepius, and
said : " O Asclepius, the philosophy you teach is
secret and congenial to yourself, in that you suffer
not the wicked to come hither^ not even if they
pour into your lap all the wealth of India and Sardis.
For it is not out of reverence for the divinity that
they sacrifice these victims and kindle these fires,
but in order to purchase a verdict, which you will
not concede to them in your perfect justice." And
much similar wisdom he delivered himself of in
this Temple, while he was still a youth.
XII
This tale also belongs to the period of his chap.
residence in Aegae. Cilicia was governed at the ^^^
time by a ruffian addicted to infamous forms of If ^h?^ ^
passion. No sooner did he hear the beauty of y;icious
Go VGm or
Apollonius spoken of, than he cast aside the matters of cmcia on
he was busy upon (and he was just then holding ^poi^oni^s
a court in Tarsus), and hurrying off to Aegae pre-
tended he was sick and must have the help of
Asclepius. There he came upon Apollonius walking
alone and prayed him to recommend him to the god.
But he replied : " What recommendation can you
want from anyone if you are good ? For the gods •
love men of virtue and welcome them without any
introductions." "Because, to be sure," said the
other, ^' the god, O Apollonius, has invited you to be
29
C 5>
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ere fjuev 6 6eo^ ireiroLrjrai ^evov, ifie Be ouTTft)."
" aWa /ca/xoO," ecj^rj, " KaXoKayaOia Trpov^eviiaev,
fi '^co/jbevo^;, co? Svvarbv vew, Oepdirwv re el/xL rov
^AaKXrjTTCov koX eTalpo<^' el he /cat aol KoXo/caya-
Oia's fieXet, %w/c>et Oappcov irapa rov Oeov kol ev^ov,
Tt ec7€A-et9. vr] lli , eiirev, rjv aoi ye irpo
Tepo) ev^co/jiat. fcai ri, ecprj, efioi ev^r) ; o,
?) o 09, ev^eauac dec tol<^ Ka\oL<;' ev^o/ieua oe
avTol^ KOivwvelv rov /caXXof 9 Koi /xt] (pOovelv t?}9
co/3a9." eXeye Be ravra viroO pviTrwv kavrov kol
Tov<; 6<f)da\/jL0v<; vypalvcov, kol tl yap ovy eXiTTOiv
TMV ovTco<; acreXycov re kol eTnpprjTCOv' 6 oe ravpr)-
Bov L'7ro/3Xei/ra9 avrov ** jiaivr),'^ ecbij, *' w KaOapfxa.^^
Tov B' ov jxovov 7r/909 opyr]v ravra aKovaavro^,
aWa Kal aireCkrjaavro^;, &)9 arroKo^^OL avrov rr)v
Ke(^a\rjv, KarayeXdaa^ 6 ^ A7roX\covco<; " o) rj Belva
rj/jbepa " dpe/Sorjae' rplrr] Be dpa tjv drr eKelvr)^, ev
Tj Brj/jLOOL Kara rr)v oBov ciireKreivav rov vfipiarrjv
eKelvov, C09 ^vv 'Ap^eXaw tw K.a7r7raBofcia<^
jSao-iXel vecorepa erri 'PcofiaLov^; irpdrrovra. ravra
Kal iroWd roiavra yia^l/jLO) ra> Alycel ^^776-
ypairrat, rj^icoOrj Be Kal /SaacXeKov emcrroXoiv
ovro<; evBoKL/jLOov rrjv (pcovTjv,
XIII
CAP. 'ETrel Be reOvecora rov rrarepa rjKOvaev, eBpafiev
XIII> vro/ 5^ \ ^ ( r. \
69 ra Ivava, KUKeuvov fiev rat^; eavrov ')(epaiv
eda-yjre 7r/0O9 to) t?}9 /ii7}rpos arj/uLan, €reOvt]Ke(, Be
KOKelvr) ov irdXai, rrjv Be ovatav Xa/nrrpav ovaav
30
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
his guest, but so far has not invited me." " Nay/' chap.
answered Apollonius^ ^ 'tis my humble merits, so ^^^
far as a young man can display good qualities, which
have been my passport to the favour of Asclepius,
whose servant and companion I am. If you too
really care for goodness, go boldly up to the god and
tender what prayer you will." " By heaven, I will,"
said the other, "^ if you will allow me to address you
one first." " And what prayer," said Apollonius,
" can you make to me ? " ^^ A prayer which can
only be offered to the beautiful, and which is that
they may grant to others participation in their
beauty and not grudge their charms." This he said
with a vile leer and voluptuous air and all the usual
wriggles of such infamous debauchees ; but Apollon-
ius with a stern fierce glance at him, said : " You are
mad, you scum." The other not only flamed up at
these words, but threatened to cut off his head,
whereat Apollonius laughed at him and cried out
loud, " Ha, that day is to come ! " And in fact it
was only three days later that the ruffian was
executed by the officers of justice on the high road
for having intrigued with Archelaus the king of
Cappadocia against the Romans. These and many
similar incidents are given by Maximus of Aegae in
his treatise, a writer whose reputation for oratory
won him a position in the emperor's Secretariat.
XIII
Now when he heard that his father was dead, he chap.
hurried to Tyana, and with his own hands buried ^^^^
him hard by his mother's sepulchre, for she too had ^^orms'hi
died not long before ; and he divided the property, eider
° 1 1 J ^ brother
31
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. SteXa^e 7rpo9 tov aS€\(f)ov aKoXacrrov re koI
(hcXoTTOTrjv ovra. koI toS fxev rplrov re icaX
eiKoarov rju eTo<; koX rfKiKia oia yJr) eTTLTpoirevecrOaLy
6 3' av ecKocTt yeyovet Kai ol voixot avrov viTel')(ov
rol<; eTTLTpoTrot'^. hiarpl'y^a^ ovv ev Alyal^; irdXtv
Kal TO lepov KvKeiov re a7ro<f)7Jva<; Koi ^A/caBrjfMLav,
<^L\oao^ia<; 'yap r]')(^OL) '7rdat]<; ev avrw rjv, eirav-
rfkOev €9 ra Tvava dvrjp tjStj teal Kvpio<; tcov eavrov'
eliTOVTO^ he 7r/0O9 avrov tlvo^, (09 crw^poviaai rov
dheXcpov 7rpo(T7]KOL avro) Kal /jLera/SaXelv rov
TpoTTOv, " Tovrl fiev Opaav^ €(f>V> " Bo^et, irpea-
^vrepov yap veo<; 7ra)9 av (Kjcx^povL^oLfii; 009 he fxoL
hvvarov, IdaofiaL avrov rovrcovl reov traOcov^^
SLhwcn Br} avr(p rrjv rj/jLLaeiav T?J9 eavrov fioipaf;,
rov fiev TrXecovcov Seladai (f)r]<7a<;, eavrov Be oXiycov,
e^Lard^ Be avrov Kal ao^(ii<; VTrayo/jLCvo'^ 69 ro
aoycjypovL^ovrc ireideaOai " o fiev irarripy'^ €(j)rj,
" jjLe6ecrrrjK€V, 09 eiraiBeve re r)fJLd<; Kal evovOerec,
Xot7ro9 Be (TV ifiol Kal aol Brjirov eyco' etr ovv
eyd> ro dfjuaprdvoifjn, avfjb^ov\o<i yiyvov Kai loi
rdpd, etr avr6<; re dfiaprdvoL^;, dve'^ov BcBdaKov-
T09/' KaKelvov fiev, coairep ol Karaylreovre*; rov<;
Bvarjviov^ re Kal fir} €vay(oyov<; rcov iinrdiv, 69
Tret 00} 7}yay€ Kal /jbereppvO/jLtae rcov d/jLaprr}/jLdr(ov
ttoWmv ovrcov, Kal yap kv(3(Ov r}rrr}ro Kai otvov,
Kal ecf)' eraipa<^ eKfo/na^ev, eiTaipovar}^ avrov Ko/jLr}<^,
fjv Kal ^a^al<; r}aKei, ao^cov re Kal dvco /Salvcov.
32
LIFE OF APOLLOXICS, BOOK I
which was very araple^ with his brother^ who was an chap,
incorrigibly bad character and given to drink. Now ^^^^
the latter had reached his twenty-third year^ and
was of an age no longer to need a guardian ; Apol-
loniiis, on the other hand, Avas only twenty, and the
law subjected him to guardians. He therefore spent
afresh some time in Aegae^ and turned the temple
into a Lyceum and Academy, for it resounded with all
sorts of philosophical discussions. After that he
returned to Tyana, by this time grown to manhood
and his own master. Some one said to him that it
was his duty to correct his brother and convert him
from his evil ways ; whereon he answered : "■' This
would seem a bold enterprise ; for how can I who
am the younger one correct and render wise an older
man ? but so far as I can do anything, I will heal
him of these bad passions." Accordingly he gave to
him the half of his own share of the property, on
the pretence that he required more than he had,
while he himself needed little ; and then he pressed
him and cleverly jiersiiaded him to submit to the
counsels of wisdom, and said : " Our father has
departed this life, who educated us both and corrected
us, so that you are all that I have left, and I imagine,
I am all that you have left. If therefore I do any-
- hing wrong, please adxise me and cure me of my
faults ; and in turn if you yourself do anything wrong,
suffer me to teach you better." And so he reduced
his brother to a reasonable state of mind, just as we
break in skittish and unruly horses by stroking and
patting them ; and he reformed him from his faults,
numerous as they were, for he was the slave of })lav
and of wine, and he led a riotous life and was vain of
his hair, which he dressed up and dyed, strutting
33
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. eirel Be koI to, tt/^o? rov aBeXcf)6v avrw ev et^ez^,
iirl Tou? a\Xov<; rjhr) avyyevel'; irpciTreTO koX tov<; J
Beo/jLevov(; cr(f)(Ji)v avefcnjcraro rfiXotirfi ovata /jLCKpa '
kavTW v7ro\c7r6fJi€vo(;y ore 8rj rov fiev KXa^o/jLevcov
^Ava^ayopai' a<ye\aL<; t€ koI fJbifKoL^ ra eavrov
avkvTa irpojSdTOL^ e(f)r) /jlclWov rj dfdpcoTroL'i <pi\oao-
<l>r]<7ai,, Tov Be ^Tj^alov K^pdrrfra KaTaTrovrdxiavra
T7]V ovaiav ovre dvOpcoTroL^; yeveaOai eTTcrijBetov
ovre 7rpol3dTOL<;. evBoKifiy']cravTo<^ Be rod Tlvdayopov
eirl TO) \6y(p, ov e\eye irepl rov /jlt) Belv Trap' dX\r]v
ievai yvvaiKa rj rrjv eavrov, rovrl fiev ere'/^ot? e(pr]
VTTO HvOayopov Trpoecprjadat, avTO<i Be firjT dv
yrjixac fjurjr dp e? ofjuiklav d(f>LK6a6aL irore d^poBu-
<Ti(ov, v7rep^aX\,6/j,evo<; koI to tov ^o(f)OK\eov<;' 6 jmIv
yap XvTTcovTa e^r] koI dypcov BeaTTorrjv dirocpvyeLV
69 yi)pas e\6d)v, o S' utt' dperi)^ re koX crco(f)poavvr]<;
ovB^ ev /jbetpafCLOi) rjTTijdr) tovtov, dXka koI veo^; cov ,
Kal TO aa)/jLa eppcofjievo^i eKparei re koX Xvttcovto^;
eBearro^ev. dW ofio)^ crvKocpavTOvac Tcve<; eVl •
d^poBi,(Tlov<i avTov, CO? BiaixapTia epcoTLKfj XPV' \
adfjievov Kal Bid tovto direviavTiaavTa e? to J
^kvOmv edvo<;, 09 ovTe e^oLTrfcre Trore e9 ZiKvOa<i
ovTe 69 epcoTLxd irdOr] dTrrjve^Orf ovkovv ovBe
Kv(ppdT7-j<; TTOTe eavKO<^dvTr}aev eirl dc^poBcaioL^
TOV dvBpa, fcaiToc yjrevB)} ypdfXfiaTa kut avTov
^vv6ei<;, 0)9 ev Tot9 irepl Kvcfipdrov \6yoL<; Bei^o/jiev,
Bie(f)epeTo Be 7r/oo9 rov ^AttoWoovcov, eTrecBr) irdvO^
virep ')^p7]iJLdTC0v avTOV TrpdTTOvTa iireKOTTTev ovto<;
34
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
about like an arrogant dandy. So when all was well chap.
between him and his brother, he at once turned " ^^^
his attention to his other relatives, and conciliated
such of them as were in want by bestowing on them
the rest of his property, leaving only a trifle to him-
self; for he said that Anaxagoras of Clazomenae
kept his philosophy for cattle rather than for men
when he abandoned his fields to flocks and goats,
and that Crates of Thebes, when he threw his money
into the sea benefited neither man nor beast. And
as Pythagoras was celebrated for his saying that "a Rejects
man should have no intercourse except with his own ™'^^"*&^
wife," he declared that this was intended by Pytha-
j goras for others than himself, for that he was resolved
never to wed nor have any connexion whatever with
women. In laying such restraint on himself he
surpassed Sophocles, who only said that in reaching
I old age he had escaped from a mad and cruel
. master ; but ApoUonius by dint of virtue and temper-
ance never even in his youth was so overcome.
' While still a mere stripHng, in full enjoyment of his
• bodily vigour, he mastered and gained control of
1 the maddening passion. And yet there are those
^ who accuse him falsely of an addiction to venery,
I alleging that he fell a victim of such sins and spent
a whole year in their indulgence among the Scythians,
i the facts being that he never once visited Scythia nor
I was ever carried away by such passions. Not even
\ Euphrates ever accused the sage of venery, though
\ he traduced him otherwise and composed lying
treatises against him, as we shall shew when we
come to speak of him below. And his quarrel with
\ ApoUonius was that the latter rallied him for doing
everything for money and tried to wean him of his
D 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Kol airrj'ye rov y(^pi'}fjbaTLt,ea6ai re koI rrjv ao(f)Lav
KaTTrfKeveiv. aWa raura fxev €9 tou9 avTMu
XIV
CAP. 'Rpo/jievov Se nrore rov ' AttoWmplov tov Eu^e-
vov, Ti Bfjra ov ^vyypd(f)ot Kairot yevvaucof; Bo^d-
^cov Koi dirayyeXia "^poofievof; Sokl/jLO) koX iyrjyep-
fxevT) OTL, €(pr], ovTro) ecrioDinjaa. Kat evuevbe
dp^d/ji€vo<^ aKDirdv (pi^dr) Belv, koI rrjv jxeu (fxovrjv
Karel^ev, ol 8' 6(f)6a\/jLol koI o vov<^ TrXelcrra /jlcv
dveyiyvwaKOVy irXelcTTa Be 69 /jLvrj/j/rjv dveXeyovTO'
TO rot fivrj/jLOVCKOV eKaTovrovrrj^ yevofievo^ /cat
virep TOV ^LfKOvlBy^v eppaoro, koX v/jlvo<; avro) tl<; €9
Tr)v /jLvr]/jLoavv7]v fjBero, iv o) TrdvTa /juev vtto rov
'^povov iiapalveadai (f)rj(TCv, avrov ye /jLtjv top
'^popop dyTJpo) re kol dOdparov irapa ttj^ /jLpr)/j,o-
avPTjf; elvai. ov firjp ci'X^O'pL^ rd ye €9 ^vpovala^;
rjp Trap* op eaLcoTra '^popop, dWa irpo'^ ra Xeyo-
fiepa Kol ol 6<f>daXfjLol tl eTrecrrj/juacpop kol rj ^eXp
fcal TO T7]<; Ke(j)aXr](; pev/ia, ovBe d/jLeiBr}<i rj
(T/cvOpo)7ro<; ecj^aipero, to yap (fxXeTaipop t€ kol to
evjjiepe^i el;^e. tovtop eirtTTOPcoTaTOP avTO) (jyrjai
yepeaOai top jSiop oXcop irevTe eTcop do-Kr]6ePTa,
TToXXd fjbep yap elirelp €')(^ovTa /jlt) elirelpy iroXXd Be
7rpo<; opyrjp dKovoravTa firj dKOvaai, 7roXXoi<; B
eTrtirXrj^ac TTpoa)(6evTa " TerXadi Brj KpaBlrj re
36
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
love of filthy lucre and of huckstering his wisdom, chap.
But these matters 1 must defer to the times to whicli
they belong.
XIV
On one occasion, Euxenus asked ApoUonius why chap.
so noble a tliinker as he and one who was master of '^^^
a diction so fine and nervous did not write a book. years'Tpc]!
He replied: ^^ I have not yet kept Silence." And ^^f silence
forthwith he began to hold his tongue from a sense
of duty, and kept absolute silence, though his eyes
and his mind were taking note of many a thing, and
though most things were being stored in his memory.
Indeed, when he reached the age of a hundred, he
still surpassed Simonides in point of memory, and he
used to chant a hymn addressed to memory, in which
it is said that everything is worn and withered away
by time, whereas time itself never ages, but remains
immortal because of memory. Nevertheless his
company was not without charm during the period
of his silence ; for he would maintain a conversation
by the expression of his eyes, by gestures of his hand
and nodding his head ; nor did he strike men as
gloomy or morose ; for he retained his fondness for
company and his cheerfulness. This part of his life
he says was the most uphill work he knew, since he
practised silence for five whole years ; for he says he
often had things to say and could not do so, and he
was often obliged not to hear things the hearing of
which wouldiiave enraged him, and often when he
was moved and inclined to break out in a rebuke to o</y«.?. y. is
others, he said to himself: '^ Bear up then, my heart
37
FLAVIUS PHII.OSTRATUS
CAP. /cat yXcorra^^ 7rp6<; iavTov (f)dvai, Xoycov re
irpoo-fcpovaavToyp avrco irapelvai rav eXey^ec^;
t6t€.
XV
CAP. ^il6Tpi^|re re Toif<i ta}? (rt(07ri]s ^p6vov<; rbv
[xev iv YlaficpyXof^, rov he ev KiXtKia, kcli ^aSi^cov
So' ovrco rpv(pct)vTO)i^ edvoov ovSa/xov e(j)6ey^aro,
ovK virrj'^dri ypv^at. oirore fMrjv araaia^ovcrr}
TToXec evTv^oL, iroXXal Be iaTaala^ov virep
OeafJbdrwv ov airovhaifov, irapeXOcdv dv kol
hel^a^ eavTov, Kau tl kol /jLeXXovar}<i eiTLTrXrj^eoi^
rfi %6i/3t Kai T(p TrpoacoTrq) evheL^dfievo^i, e^yprjT
dv dra^la irucra, Kai coajrep ev fjbvarrjploi'i eatcoTrcov.
Kol TO fjbev Tov<; op'^Tjarcov re kol LTTTrayv eveKa
<TTa<Tid^6LV (jopfi/qKora^; dvaa'^elv ovttco fieya, ol
yap virep tolovtcov draKTovvTCf;, dv 7rpo<; dvBpa
IbBcoaLV, epvOpLcocFi re Kal avrcov einXaix^dvovTai
Ka\ paara Sr) e? vovv rjKOvai, XifjiO) 8e TreTTtecr/jLevTjv
ttoXlv ov paSiov evrjvlq) Kal TrcOavw Xoyo) fjLerahi-
hd^ai Kal 6pyPj<i iravaai. aXX* ^ KTVoXXodvLW Kal
7) aLCOTrr) tt/do? tou? ovtco SiaKet/jLevovf; r^pKet.
d(f>iKeTO fxev yap e? " AcnrevSov r^jv Tla/j>(f)vXcov —
7r/)09 ^vpv/jLeSovTO Se olKelrat irorajjuw rj TroXt?
avrrj, rpurr] tmv eKel — opo^ot 8' covlol Kal rd 69
ffpojatv dvayKata 8U/3oaKev avTov<;, rbv yap
alrov ol Svvarol ^vyKXeiaavref; el^ov, 'w eKKairr}-
Xevdelr} rrjf; ^a)yoa9. dvrjpeOtaTO Br] eirl tov
38
LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK I
and tongue ;" and when reasoning offended him he chap.
had to give up for the time the refuting of it.
XV
These years of silence he spent partly in Pam- chap.
phylia and partly in Cilicia ; and though his paths lay ^^
throuffh such effeminate • races as these, he never ^^*^ ^'^^^^^
spoke nor was even induced to murmur. Whenever, chants of
however, he came on a city engaged in civil conflict ^®° "^
(and many were divided into factions over spectacles
of a low kind), he would advance and show himself,
and by indicating part of his intended rebuke by
manual gesture or by look on his face, he would
put an end to all the disorder, and people hushed
their voices, as if they were engaged in the
mysteries. Well, it is not so very difficult to
restrain those who have started a quarrel about
dances and horses, for those who aVe rioting about
such matters, if they turn their eyes to a real man,
blush and check themselves and easily recover their
senses ; but a city hard pressed by famine is not
so tractable, nor so easily brought to a better mood
by persuasive words and its passion quelled. But
in the case of ApoUonius, mere silence on his part
was enough for those so affected. Anyhow, when
he came to Aspendus in Pamphylia (and this city
is built on the river Eurymedon along with two
others), he found nothing but vetch on sale in the
market, and the citizens were feeding upon this and
on anything else they could get ; for the rich men
had shut up all the corn and were holding it up for
export from the country. Consequently an excited
39
FLAVrUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ap-^ovra t)\iiCLa irdaa /cal irvpo^ eir avTOv
TjiTTovTO Kairoi iTpoaKeifievov to2<; ^aaCkeioi^^
dvBptdaiv, ot Kol rov Ai09 rov iv 'OXu/XTr/a
(f)0^€p(OTepoL rjaav Tore Kal davXorepot, Ti^epiov
ye 6vTe<;, e^' ov XeycTau rt? dcreffrjaaL So^at
TV7rT7]ora<; rov eavrov SovXov (f^epovra Spa'^/xyv
dpyvpdv v€vo/jLia/iiev7]v e? TLJSepiuv. irpocreXOcov
ovv TO) ap'^ovTL Tjpero avrov rrj ')(eLpL, 6 tl eh]
TOVTo, rov Se dhtKelv fiev ovSev ^rjoravTO<^, dhiKel-
arOat he fJberd rov 8i']fjL0V, Xoyov 8 el p,rj TV')(Oi,
^vvairoXeladai too Bi]/jL(p, /jbereorrpdcf)!] re 6t9 tov<;
TrepLearrjKOTaf; 6 'ATroA-Xcoi^to? kol evevaev &>? 'y^prf
aKovaai, ol he ov p^ovov icncoTrrfcrav l/tt' e/cirX'q^ecof;
T/}? 7rpbs avTOV, dXXa Kat to irvp eSevro eiri tojv
l3o)/jL(Ji)v rojv avToOi. dvaOapprjaa^ ovv o dp-^cov
oecva, eq>ri/ kul o oeLva, TrA-etou? enroiv, rov
XifjLov Tov KaOeaTT^KOTO'^ aiTtoL, Tov yap alrov
d'TroXa(36vTe<^ (jivXarrovai Kar aXXo<; dXXo t>}?
'^a)pa<;y hcaKeXevop,evo)v he roiv Acrirevhicov
dXXr]Xoi<; eTfl tov<; dypov<; ^oirdv, dvevevaev 6
^KiToXXcovLo^ pLTj TTpdrreiv tovto, pieraKaXelv he
pbdXXov Toi)^ iv rfi alria kol Trap eKovrwv
evpeaOai rov alrov. d(f)LKop.evcov he p^tfcpov p.ev
ehe7]cre Kal (f)(ovr]v eV avTovs prj^at, Tradcov n
IT pet's rd Tcov TToXXcov haKpva — Ka\ yap Traihla
^vveppviJKec fcal yvvaca, Kal o)Xo(f>vpovTO oi
yeyifpaKore^i, o)? avruKa hr) diToBavovp.evoL Xip^w —
40
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
crowd of all ages had set upon the o-oveinor, and chap.
were lighting a fire to burn him alive, although he
was ehnging to the statues of the Emperor, which
were more dreaded at that time and more inviolable
tlian the Zeus in Olympia ; for they were statues of
Tiberius, in whose reign a master is said to have been
held guilty of impiety, merely because he struck his
own slave wiien he had on his person a silver drach-
ma coined ^^ ith the image of Tiberius. Apollonius
then went up to the governor and w ith a sign of his
hand asked him what was the matter ; and he
answered that he had done no wrong, but was
indeed being wronged quite as much as the popu-
lace ; but, he said, if he could not get a hearing, he
would perish along with the populace. Apollonius
then turned to the bystanders, and beckoned to
them that they must listen ; and they not only held
their tongues from wonderment at him, but they laid
the fire they had kindled on the altars which were
there. The governor then plucked up courage and
said: "This man and that man," and he named
several, " are to blame for the famine which has
arisen ; for they have taken away the corn and are
keeping it, one in one part of the country and
another in another." The inhabitants of Aspendus
thereupon passed the word to one another to make
for these men's estates, but Apollonius signed with
his head, that they should do no such thing, but
rather summon those who were to blame and obtain
the corn from them with their consent. And when,
after a little time the guilty parties arrived, he very
nearly broke out in speech against them, so much
was he affected by the tears of the crowd ; for the
children and women had all flocked together, and the
41
XV
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP Tou^&v hi TO Tf;9 <Tfa,7r^. 867Ma 'ipH f W«M-
-" aaT6Zo. i^i^Wi^v, Kal 8^8«<ra- am7.'C0.-a^ T»
Z^Kaia 7«P. VeJ? 8^ «8«<» °^"^ '^^-"^^f
aiT^ «i)T«. /xomv /*t,Tipa, ical u M ^civ,Te^f^.
ov. ed.co i/xa, 6^' a^T,}. i<TT«m.. ^ TavTa
XVI
CAP 'E7r6d.o/T^<7e xal ' Av-noxda rfj /.eydXy ■ne-rrav-^
^"' uevo? ToO ^io>nrav, Kal -rrapn^Oe. « To^iepo. tov
Aa4>valov'A^6\\covo,, S nepcd7rrov<riv A<ravp,oc
to/ fiveov TO. WpKdSa- Tvv yap rov Aah<opo^
AASvvv iKd f^eTa4>vva, \iyov,T.,, Kal 7roTa/.09
aiTol, pet Adh<o,; Kal 4>^r6v rcf^drai -rrap avTOK
SdSvv;, rovTO 8,; to avTlr^ Trap^.Vou, KVjapcTTWU
reHv dMX<^va ^epcearriKe kvkXo, to cepov, Ka,
^nyd, iK&iS^<TCV 6 xi>po, d4>d6vov, T€ Kai vpet^v-
^a,, ah rov ' A^oXXco <^a<Tl i^aive^Bai evravOa kv-
^aplrrov re epvo, vyV dvaSeBo>Kev. 6,r. Kv^apcrT<p
. Aaal. # n^V 'A<T<Tvpla,, Kal wcarovrac Tr,v l^era-
BoXnv fi&pa Tov <#.vTov. Kal lam veaviKcorepov
d.,rreaeac SoK& rov Xoyov hia^veoXoy&v Ta to,-
avra- ,lXX' oix ^^^P ^^^^oXoyia, ravra. t. Se f^oc
42
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
old men were groaning and moaning as if they were chap.
on the point of dying by hunger. However,, he
respected his vow of silence and wrote on a writing
board his indictment of the offenders and handed it
to the governor to read out aloud ; and his indict-
ment ran as follows : " Apollonius to the corn-dealers
of Aspendus. The earth is mother of us all, for she
is just ; but you, because you are unjust have
pretended that she is your mother alone ; and if you
do not stop, I will not permit you to remain upon
her." They were so terrified by these words, that
they filled the market-place with corn and the city
revived.
X\T
After the term of his silence was over he also chap.
visited the great Antioch, and passed into the Temple ^^ ^
of the Apollo of Daphne, to which the Assyrians Andoch of
attach the legend of Arcadia. For they say that Syria
Daphne, the daughter of Ladon, there underwent her
metamorphosis, and they have a river flowing there,
the Ladon, and a laurel tree is worshipped by them
which they say was substituted for the maiden ; and
cypress trees of enormous height surround the
Temple, and the ground sends up springs both ample
and placid, in which they say Apollo purified himself
by ablution. And there it is that the earth sends up
a shoot of cypress, they say in honour of. Cyparissus,
an Assyrian youth ; and the beauty of the shrub
lends credence to the story of his metamorphosis.
Well, perhaps I may seem to have fallen into a
somewhat juvenile vein to approach my story by
such legendary particulars as these, but my interest
43
FLA VI us PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. o Xoyo'i BovKerai ; 6 'ATToXXcoz^to? Ihcov to lepop
XVI /I V , , , ^ , / , , ,
'^aplev fxev, crirov^i]v S' €v avro) ovSefxlau, dXX* dv~
6p(07rov^ 7)/jLL^ap/3dpov<; koI dfiovaov^ ""AttoWov,'^
€(f>r), " fierd^aXe roi'? d^(ovov<; e? SevBpa, iva kclv
ft)9 KVirdpiTTOt r]^o)aLV.^^ Td<; Be TTTjya'i iTnaKeyfrd-
/jL6vo(;, 6t)9 yaXijVrjv dyovat fcal Kekapv^ec (T(f)(ov
ovoejjiia, r] acpcovia, eiirev, rj evravoa ovoe
Tat9 TTTjyaif; ^vy)(^ct)peL (pdeyyeaOai. Trpo? Be rov
AdBayva IBodv " ou;^ rj Ovydrrjp,^^ €<p7], " aol fiovrj
/juere^aXev, dWd koL av to5 Bo^at /3dpffapo<;
i^ ^X\rjv6<; re Kal 'A/o/ca3o9." iirel Be eyvco
BiaXeyeaOat, ra fxev o/jitXovfieva tcov ')((opLCdv
Kal draKTOVvra irapyrelro, <^rjaa^ ovk dvOpcoTrcov
eavTM Betv, dXX dvBpoyv, ra Be cre/jLvorepa ecre^olra
Koi a)/c€i TMV lepcov ra fir] KXrjiard. rjXiOV fiev
Brj dvi<T')(0VT0<^ e(/)' eavrov riva eirparTev, a fjuovoif;
iirolet BrjXa Tol<i irS)v rerrdpcov aiwirdv yeyvfMva-
ajxevoL^;, rov Be /juerd ravra Ka^pov, et fiev EXXa9
97 7roXt9 €L7] Kal ra lepd yvcopLfxay ^vyKaXwv av
Toi'9 lepea^; ecptXoaocpec irepl rwv Oecov Kal Biayp-
60VTO avTov<;, et irov rayv vo/jLC^o/ievcov e^aXXdrToiep,
el Be jBdp^apd re Kal IBiorpoira etrj, BiefidvOave
TOV<; IBpvcra/jLevovq avra Kal e'^' otco IBpvdr),
7rv66/jLev6<; re, oirrj depaTreverat ravra Kal vtto-
OefJLevo<;, et n ao<^(iirepov rov Bpco/juevov evdv/nrjOeirj,
44
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
is not really in mythology. What then is the chap.
purport of my narrative ? Apolloniiis^, when he '
beheld a Temple so graceful and yet the home of
no serious studies, but only of men half-barbarous
and uncultivated, remarked : " O Apollo, change
these dumb dogs into trees, so that at least as
cypresses they may become vocal." And when he
had inspected the springs, and noted how calm and
quiet they were, and how not one of them made the
least babble, he remarked : " The prevailing dumb-
ness of this place does not permit even the springs
to speak." And when he saw the Ladon he said :
" It is not your daughter alone that underwent a
change, but you too, so far as one can see, have
become a barbarian after being a Hellene and an
Arcadian." And when he was minded to converse,
he avoided the frequented regions and the dis-
orderly, and said, that it was not a rabble he wanted
but real men ; and he resorted to the more solemn a day of
places, and lived in such Temples as were not shut Antioch"
up. At sunrise, indeed, he performed certain rites
by himself, rites which he only communicated to
those who had disciplined themselves by a four
years' spell of silence ; but during the rest of the
day, in case the city was a Greek one, and the
sacred rites familiar to him, he would call the
priests together and talk wisely about the gods, and
would correct them, supposing they had departed
from the traditional forms. If, however, the rites
were barbarous and peculiar, then he would find out
who had founded them and on what occasion they
were established, and having learnt the sort of cult
it was, he would make suggestions, in case he could
think of any improvement upon them, and then he
45
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. fjL€T7Jec iirl tou? ofjii\r)Ta<; Kal eKeXevev ipcordv, a
^ovKovTat. €(f)aaK€ jap '^prjvai tov^ ovtco (fiiXo-
ao(f)ovvTa(; rjov'; fiev apy^ojjievr^f^ ^vvelvat Seol<;,
7rpo'iova7]<; Se irepl Oeoav, top Se jjuera ravra fcaipov
avOpcoireicop Trepc ra? ^vvovaia^i iroielaOai. eliroov
8' av wpo's TOV'^ eralpovf;, oiroaa i^pcorcov, Kal
LKai'0)<; T?)? TOLavTr)<; ^vvovaia^ ^X^^ ^'^*' "^V^ ^^^~
Xe^LV dviararo Xolttov ttjv 69 iravTa*^, ov irpo
/jb6arjfi^pLa<^, dW' oirore fJbaXiara tj rj/juepa iarrj/coL.
/cat 8caXe')(0€l's dv 009 dTrapKelv ojero, rjXen^eTo re
Kal rpcylrdfjievo*; let eavrov e? vhwp '\jrv')(p6v, yrjpuf;
dvOpcoTTCOv Ka\o)v rd /3a\aveta' t?}9 yovp ^Avrio-
')^eia<; diroK\eL(76eLori<^ 69 avrd iirl jJuejaXoif;
■ dfiapTTjixaaLv " eScoKcv v/jlIv,^' ecpr), *' 6 ^aacXevf;
KaKOi<; ovac ^ccovai irXeiova err). ^^^ealcov he
^ovXo/jievcov KaraXtOaxrai, top dp')(ovTa iirl tco fir)
eKTTvpovv rd ^aXavela " v/jLel^; fxev top dp')(0PTa,^^
€(^7), '* alndaOe, eireihr] iroprfpo)^ XovaOe, iyco Be
vfia<;, OTL Xovaue.
XVII
CAP. Aoycov Be IBeap iTrrjaKrjcrep ov BiOvpapi/ScoBr)
XVII \ I -V ' » t > i <^y f
Kat (pXey/jiaipovaav TToirjTtKOL^ oi'Ojuacnp, ovo av
KaTeyXcoTTca/nePTjp Kal vTrepamKi^ovcrav, dr]Be(;
ydp TO vwep rrjp /juerpiap ^ArdiBa rjyelro, ovBe
XeirToXoyia eBiBov, ovBe Birjye rov^i X6yov<;,
46
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
would go in quest of his followers and bid them ask chap.
any questions they liked. For he said that it was '
the duty of philosophers of his school to hold con-
verse at the earliest dawn with the gods, but as the
day advanced, about the gods ; and during the rest
of the day to discuss human affairs in friendly inter-
course. And having answered all the questions
which his companions addressed to him, and when he
had had enough of their society, he would rise and
give himself up for the rest of the day to the general
public, not however before mid-day, but as far as
possible just when the day stood still. And when he
thought he had had enough of such conversation, he
would be anointed and rubbed, and then fling him-
self into cold water, for he called hot baths the old
age of men. At any rate when the people of Condemns
Antioch were shut out of them because of the^^*^**^®
enormities committed there, he said : " The Emperor,
for your sins, has granted you a new lease of life."
And when the Ephesians wanted to stone their
governor because he did not warm their baths
enough he said to them : " You are blaming your
governor because you get such a sorry bath ; but
I blame you because you take a bath at all."
XVII
The literary style which he cultivated was not chap.
dithyrambic or tumid and swollen with poetical ^^^^
words, nor again was it far-fetched and full of ^j literary
affected Atticisms ; for he thought that an excessive oratorical
1 » stvle
degree of Atticising was unpleasant. Neither did he
indulge in subtleties, nor spin out his discourses ; nor
47
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ovBe elpayvevojjievov ri^ rjKovcrev rj TrepLTrarovvTo^
69 Tovs aKpowfievov^y aXX' (ocnrep eV rpiiroho^;
ore SiaXeyoLTo " olSa^^ eXeye koL *' Sokcc p.oi^^
Kai TTOL (pepeaue ; Kai ^p-q etoevai. Kai
at Bo^ai ^pa^^etat kol a8afj,dvTLV0c, Kvpcd re
ovo/nara Kai TrpocnrecpuKOTa tol(; irpdyfjiaai, Kai
rd Xeyo/jLeva rj^co ei^ev, oianrep diro aKrjTrrpov
6€/jLL(TT€v6fjL€Va. ipOflivOV §6 aVTOV TO)V aTCVoXc-
a^ovPTCov TLv6<;, orov eveKa ov ^rjTOir), *' otl,^^ €(f)r),
'* fjuetpuKLOv COP i^rjTTjaa, vvv Se ov ')(^pi) ^7]T€lv,
dWd SiSdcTKecv d evprjKa.'^ "ttoj? ovv, WiruWcovLe,
hiaXi^erai 6 ao(^6<; ; " irdXiv eirepopbevov avrov
- (W9 voiioOerrfq,'" ecpr), " Set yap rov vn/jLoOerrjv,
d ireiretKev eavrov, ravra eiriTdyjiara e? tou?
7roXXov<; iroielaOaLr coSe avrw ra iv ^Avrco^eia
ecnrovhd^ero, Kai iirearpe^ev 69 eavrov dvOpoiirovs
dfJbovo-oTdrov^.
XVIII
CAP. Mera he ravra Xoyta^ov eavrw StSoL'9 aTroSr)-
yu,ta9 /jLei^ovo<;, evuvfietraL ro Vvolkov euvo^ Kau
rov<^ ev avru) (to<^ovs, o'l Xeyovrat lipa)(^/LLdve<; re
Kai "TpKduLot eivac, wpocnJKeii/ <p7](Ta<; vew dvSpl
dTroSrjfJLelv re Kai vrrepopuo atpeadai. evprj/bua Be
Toi'9 p,dyov<=; eiroielro, oc Ba^vXojva Kai Zovaa
oLKovai, Kai ydp dv Kai ra eKeivcov ciapiaOelv 08a)
'■)(^p(i)fjbevo'^. Kai 7r/309 tol'9 6/jLi\7]rd<i errrd ovra^
dve(f)7jve r^jp yvcofirjv. 7retpco/j,ev(Ov Be avrwv
48
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 1
did anyone ever hear him dissembling in an ironical chap.
way^ nor addressing to his audience methodical argu-
ments ; but when he conversed he would assume an
oracular manner and use the expressions, "■ I know,"
or ^^It is my opinion/' or, ^'^ Where are you drifting
to ? " or, " You must know." And his sentences were
short and crisp, and his words were telling and closely
fitted to the things he spoke of, and his words had a He spoke as
ring about them as of the dooms delivered by a authority^
sceptred king. And when a certain quibbler asked
him, why he asked no questions of him, he replied :
" Because I asked questions when I was a stripling ;
and it is not my business to ask questions now, but
to teach people what I have discovered." " How
then," the other asked him afresh, "O Apollonius,
should the sage converse ? " " Like a law-giver,"
he replied, ^'^for it is the duty of the law-giver to
deliver to the many the instructions ol whose truth
he has persuaded himself." This was the line he
pursued during his stay in Antioch, and he converted
to himself the most unrefined people.
XVIII
After this he formed the scheme of ai\ extensive chap.
voyage, and had in mind the Indian race and ^^ ^^^
the sages there, who are called Brahmans and vStTo^ *
Hyrcanians ; for he said that it was a young man's i»dia
duty to go abroad and to embark upon foreign
travel. But he made a great deal of the Magi, who
live in Babylon and Susa. For, he said, he was
determined to acquaint liimself thoroughly with their
lore, even if it cost him a journey. And he
announced his intention to his followers, who were
49
VOL. I. E
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ^Vfi^ovXevetv erepa, et ttt] a<^eX^^etr; Trj<i opfJbrj^
TavTr](i, iyo) fxeu ^eoi;?," €<f)r), " avfi^ouXovf;
ireTTolrjfiai Kal ra hehoyfjueva eiprjKa, v/jLcov Be
^dcravov iTrocov/nTjv, el tt/oo? airep 67ft) eppwaOe'
eVel Toivvv fiaXaKco^; ep^ere, vfiel<; fiev vytalvere,^'
e(f)r), " fcal ^iXoao^elre' e/iol Be ^aBoarea, ol
(TOi^ia re kol Baificov fie dyeL." ravra elirtjov
i^eXavpec Tr}<; ^ Ai>rL0^eia<; fiera Bvolv Oepa-
TTOVTOCv, olirep avrw TrarpiKoo TjaTrjv, 6 fiev e?
Td')(^o<i ypd(f)a)p, 6 Be e's- KdXXo<;.
XIX
XIX ^cil d(f)LKvelTat 69 rijv dp^aiav ^tvov, iv fj
dyaXfxa 'iBpvrai rpoirov ^dp^apov, ean Be apa
'I&) Y] ^lvd')(ov Kal Kepara rcov Kpordcfxcv eKKpovei
fXLKpa KoX olov ixeXXovra. evravOa Biarpi^ovTC
Kal irXeidi ^vvievrc irepl rov dydX/jLaro^; rj ol i€pei<;
Kal 7rpo(f)rjTac, 7rpo(Te(f)OLTr)ae Aa/xt? NiWo?, bv
KaTap'ya<i e<f)')]v ^vvairoBr^iMrjaai ol Kai ^vvefiTropov
yeveaOai tt}? ao(jiia'^ Trdarjf; Kai TroXXa rov dvBpo^
BtaacoaacrOat, 09 dyao-Oel<i avrov Kai ^7)Xcocra<; Trj<;
6B0V " Iwpbevy^ €(f)r), " ' ATToXXcovce, av fiev 0ea>
€7r6fjLevo<;, eyo) he aol, /cal yap fie Kai iroXXov
a^cov evpoi'^ av et fJLev aXKo tl ovk otoa, to ovv
69 ^a/3vX(ova rJKOv, 7r6Xet<; re, oirocrai elalv, olBa
50
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 1
seven in number ; bnt when they tried to persuade ^^j
him to adopt another plan, in hopes of drawing him ^.^
off from his resolution, he said : " I have taken the follower
gods into counsel and have told you their decision ; "-'^^"^^^
and I have made trial of you to see if you are strong
enough to undertake the same things as myself.
Since therefore you are so soft and effeminate, 1
wish you very good health and that you may go on
with your philosophy ; but I must dep irt whither
wisdom and the gods lead me." Having said this he
quitted Antioch with two attendants, who belonged
to his father's house, one of them a shorthand writer
and the other a calligraphist.
XIX
And he reached the ancient city of Xineveh, m here chap,
he found an idol set up of barbarous aspect, and it is, ^^^
they say, lo, the daughter of Inachus, and horns short ^f^^^gj
and, as it were, budding project from her temples. The image
While he was staying there and forming wiser con- of lo
elusions about the image than could the priests and
prophets, one Damis, a native of Nineveh, joined him Damis joins
as a pupil, the same, as I said at the beginning, who ^^"^
became the com})anion of his wanderings abroad and
his fellow-traveller and associate in all Avisdom, and
who has preserved to us many particulars of the sage.
He admired him, and having a taste for the road,
said: "Let us depart, Apollonius, you following God,
and I you ; for I think you will find me of con-
siderable value. For, if I know nothing else, I have
at least been to Babylon, and I know all the cities
51
E 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. aveXOoiv ov iraXai koI Kco^a<;, iv al<; iroWa
ayaOd, koI fjb'qv Kai ra^ (f)0)va<; rcov ^ap^apcovj
oiTOcrai elaiv, elal ^e aXXr) fxev ^Apfjuei'icov, aWr)
Be ^yjScov T€ Kal JJepacov, aWrj 3e J^aSovatcov,
/jL€Ta\a/ji/3dv(o Be Tracra?.' " eyco Se," elirev, " w
iralpe, iraaMV ^vvir^jjUy fjbaOoiv iir^Befxiav.^^ dav/jud-
(TavTo<^ he Tov I^ivlov '* /jlt) Oav/judarj^,^^ elirev, ** el
7r<xcr<z? olBa <Pa)va<; dvOpcoTTfov olSa yap Brj koL
oaa <TiwiTO}(TLV avOpwTTOL. * o fjuev Br) ^ Kaavpio^
irpoar^v^aTO avrov, ft)9 ravra rjKovcre, Kal axrirep
Baifiova e^lXeire, crvvrjv re avTa> eiriBiBovf; rrjv
€ro(j)Lav Kal 6 tl fJbdOoi fjLvr)/jLOPevcov. ^wvrj Be rjv
Tc5 ^ AacrvpKp ^f/x/xerpa)? irpdrrovaa^ to yap
XoyoetBe^; ovk elyev, are iraiBevOel^ ev ^ap^dpot^;,
Biarpt/Sriv Be dvaypd'y^ai Kai avvovalav Kal 6 n
TjKovaev f) elBev dvarvircocrat Kal vTrofivrj/jLa tmv
ToiovTCOv ^vvOelvau (T(f)oBpa LKavb<; rjv, Kal CTreTij-
Beve TOVTO dptara dvOpcoTrcov. r) yovv BeXro^ rj
TO)v eKc^arvta fjidrodv tolovtov tm Ad/juiBi vovv
el'^ev Ad/jLL^ e^ovXero fj/qBev rwv ^AttoWcovlov
dyvoeladai, dW ei n Kai 'TTape(^Oey^aTo rj
d/uLeXco<? elirev, dvayeypd(f)6ai Kal rovro, Kal
d^Lov ye elrrelv, a Kal tt/jo? tov fjLefiyjrd/bLevnv ttjv
BiaTpi^rjv TavT7]v d7re(f)0ey^aTO. BiaavpovTO<^
yap avTov dvOpdnrov paOvfjiov re Kal ^aaKavov,
Kai Ta fjbev dXXa opOo)<^ dvaypdcfietv <pr]aavTO<^,
oiroaui yvMfJbai re elat. Kal BoPai tov dvBpo<;,
53
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
there are, because I have been ui> there not lone- CHAP.
"VT V
ago, and also the villages in which there is much
ffood to be found ; and moreover, I know the
languages of the various barbarous races, and there
are several, for example the Armenian tongue, and
that of the Medes and Persians, and that of the
natives of Kadus, and I am familar with all of them."
" And I," said ApoUonius, " my good friend, under- Apoiionius'
stand all languages, though I never learnt a single ^^^o^yan
one." The native of Nineveh was astonished at tongues
this answer, but the other replied : " You need not
wonder at my knowing all human languages ; for, to
tell you the truth, 1 also understand all the secrets
of human silence." Thereupon the Assyrian wor-
shipped him, when he heard this, and regarded him
as a demon ; and he stayed with him increasing in
wisdom and committing to memory whatever he
learnt. This Assyrian's language, however, was of a
mediocre quality, for he had not the gift of express-
ing himself, having been educated among the Damis'
barbarians; but he kept a journal of their intercourse, ApSkmii^
and recorded in it whatever he heard or saw, and he Their style
was very well able to put together a memoir of such
matters and managed this better than anyone else
could do. At any rate the volume which he calls
his scrap-book, was intended to serve such a purpose
by Damis, who was determined that nothing about
Apoiionius should be passed over in silence, nay,
that his very solecisms and negligent utterances
should also be written down. And I may mention
the answer which he made to one who cavilled and
found fault with this journal. It was a lazy fellow
and malignant who tried to pick holes in him, and
remarked that he had recorded well enough a lot of
53
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATLS
CAi'. ravTt Be ra ovtco /niKpa ^vXkeyo/^tevov irapa-
XIX , ^ , ^
7r\7J(TlOV TTOV TOL<; KVCTl TTpaTTetV TOt<? GITOV-
jxevoL^ ra eKiriirrovTa rr/^; BaiTO^;, vTroXa/Soiv o
AdfjLL<; " el ^atre?," ecfirj, Beoiv elat kol aiTovvraL
OeoL, irdvTw^ irov kol OepdirovTe^ avroU elaiv, oh
fieXei Tov /jLTjSe rd iriirTovTa Tri<; dfjL^poa[a<; diroX-
Xvadav.^^
XX
XX
CAP. TofcoOSe fjuev eraipov kol epacnov erv^ev, c5 rb
iroXif TOV /3iov avveTTopevdrj. irapuovra^ he
avT0v<; €9 TTjv /jLearjv roiv irorafiMv 6 Te\(ovrj<;
6 eirt^e^XTj/xevof; tS> TievyyuaTi 7rpo<; to irwdKLov
r/ye koX rjpcoTa, 6 tl dirdyoiev, o Be AttoX-
XcovLO^ " dirdyw " e(^rj '* aco(j)pO(Tvvr)v BiKaiotrvvqv
dpeTTjv eyKpdTecav dvBpeiav daKrjo-iv, iroXXa
KoX OVTCO OrjXea elpa^ ovofxaTa. 6 8' r^hrj ^XeTTXOV
TO eavTov K€pBo<; '* diroypa^^raL ovv " e<^r/ " Ta^;
SouXa?." o he ** ovfc e^eaTtv," elirev, " ov yap
hovXa<; dirdyco TuvTa^, dXXd Bea-TroLva^," T7)v
Be Twz^ TTOTa/jLMV /jueo-rjv 6 Tiypc^ d7ro(f>aivec
KoX 6 Ev(t>pdTr]<;, peovTe^ fiev ef "kp^evia^ koI
Tavpov XrjyovTo^y irepi^dXXovTe^ Be Tjireipov, ev rj
KoX 7r6Xet<; fiev, to Be irXelo-Tov KMfiai, eOvr) re
54
LIFE OF APOLLOMUS, BOOK I
things, for example, the opinions and ideas of his chap.
hero, but that in collecting such trifles as these he
reminded him of dogs who pick up and eat the
fragments which fall from a feast. Dam is replied
thus : " If the banquets are those of gods, and it is
gods who are being fed, surely they must have
attendants whose business it is that not even the
parcels of ambrosia that fall to the ground should be
lost."
XX
Such was the companion and admirer that he had chap.
met with, and in common with him most of his
travels and life were passed. And as they fared on oA^e
into Mesopotamia, the tax-gatherer who presided Bridge
over the Bridge {Zeugma) led them into the
registry and asked them what they were taking out
of the country with them. And ApoUonius replied :
" I am taking with me temperance, justice, virtue,
continence, valour, discipline." And in this way he
strung together a number of feminine nouns or
names. The other, already scenting his own per-
quisites, said : " You must then write down in
the register these female slaves." ApoUonius
answered : " Impossible, for they are not female
slaves that I am taking out with me, but ladies of
quality. '
Now Mesopotamia is bordered on one side by the Character of
Tigris, and on the other by the Euphrates, rivers JlmS*^
which flow from Armenia and from the lowest slopes
of Taurus ; but they contain a tract like a continent,
in which there are some cities, though for the most
part only villages, and the races that inhabit them
55
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATLS
CAP. ^Apfievca kcu W.pd/3ca, a ^vy/c\€Laavre<=^ ol Trora/xoL
€')(ovaLv, o)v /cat vo/jLad€<i oi woWot arei^ovaLV,
ovTco Tt vrjaicora^ iavrov^ vofii^opre^;. 009 eirl
ddXarrdv re Kara/Saiveiv (f)daK€LP, or iirl rov^
irora/JLOv^ ^aSt^otep, opov re iroLelaOai rrjf; <yrj<i
TOP T(t)v Trorap.oiv kvkXov diroropvevaavre's 'yap
rrjv 7rpo€tp7]fi6V7]p -qiretpov iirl rrjv avrrjv Tevrat
OdXarrav. elal h\ oX (paatv 69 eXo? dipavL^eaOac
TO TTOXV TOV ¥jV(f)pdTOV KOi TeXeVTCiV TOP TTOTa/JLOV
TOVTOP ip TTJ yfj. Xoyov 3' epioc OpaavTepov
iipdiTTOPTaL, (pdaK0PT6<i avTOv viro tt} yfj peoPTa
69 KlyviTTOP dpa(f)aiP€a6ai koX ^eiXw avyKepdv-
pvaOat. d/cpt^oXo'yLa'i fi6P Srj epeKa koI tov
firjSep irapaXeXel^Bai p,oi tojp yeypa/x/juepcop viro
TOV Aa//,tSo9 e/SovXofiTjp ap koX tcl Slol tmp
jSap^dpcop TovTcov 7rop€Vo/jL€POL<; (TTTovSaaOePTa
elirelv, ^vpeXavpec Be r)fid<; 6 X0709 i^ tcl p^ei^co t€
KoX OavfiaaccoTepa, ov firjp ct)9 Svolp ye dp,eXr/aaL
TOVTOiP, Trj<; Te dpSpeLa<^, 77 '^^^pco/xepof; 6 'AttoXXco-
VLo<; Sierropevdr] /Sdp^apa eOprj koI XyaTpcfcd, ovS'
VTTO 'VdOp^aiOL^ TTCO OPTU, T?}? Te CTOt^'ia^, 7] TOP
Apd^LOP TpoTTOP 6*9 ^vpeacp Tr}<; tmp ^q)(op (f)(opi]<;
rjXOep. €/jba6e Be tovto hid tovtcopI tmp ^Apa^tcov
'TTopevop.epo<; dptaTa yiypcocTKOPTCOV Te avTo koI
irpaTTOPTCop. ecTTC yap tcjp ^Apa/Bicop 7]Br) kocpop
Kal TMP opplOwp aKoveiv fiapTevo/jiePMp, oirocra ol
'^prjcr/jLOi, ^vjjL^dXXoprac Be tmp dXoyMP acTOv-
puepoL TMP BpaKOVTMP ol p,ep KapBiap (jyaaip, ol Be
rfTrap.
56
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
are the Armenian and the Arab. These races are so chaP.
shut in by the rivers that most of them^ wlio lead the ^^
life of nomads^ are so convinced that they are
islanders, as to say that they are going down to the
sea, when they are merely on their way to the rivers,
and think that these rivers border the earth and en-
circle it. For they curve round the continental tract in
question, and discharge their waters into the same
sea. But there are ])eople who say that the greater
part of the Euphrates is lost in a marsh, and that
this river ends in the earth. But some have a bolder
tale to which they adhere, and declare that it runs
under the earth to turn up in Egypt and mingle
itself with the Nile. Well, for the sake of accuracy
and truth, and in order to leave out nothing of the
things that Damis wrote, I should have liked to
relate all the incidents that occurred on their journey
through these barbarous regions ; but my subject
hurries me on to greater and more remarkable
episodes. Nevertheless, I must perforce dwell upon
two topics : on the courage which Apollonius showed,
in making a journey through races of barbarians and
robbers, which were not at that time as yet subject
to the Romans, and at the cleverness with which
after the manner of the Arabs he managed to under- Apollonius
stand the language of animals. For he learnt this Arabs t™
on his way through these Arab tribes who best language
understand it and practise it. For it is quite com-
mon for the Arabians to listen to the birds prophesy-
ing like any oracles, but they acquire this faculty of
understanding them by feeding themselves, so they
say, either on the heart or the liver of serpents.
57
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XXI
CAP. K.Trjcn(f)(i)VTa oe virep^aXwv koX irapccov e? ra
^a/3v\MP0(; opca, cfipovpa fxevavjoOi rjveK /3aai\€co<i,
Tjv ovfc av iraprfkOe ti<; firj ov/c 6pcoTr)6€l(; eavrov re
Kal TToKtv Kol €(/)' Ti TjKOL. aaTpdirrjf; Se ttj (f)povpa
ravTTj iirereTaKTO, ^aaikeay^ tl<;, olfiaii 6(f)6a\/jL6^,
o yap M7}So9 aprt e? to ap')(eLV tjkcov ov ^vveyoopeL
eavTw aSeco? ^ijv, aWa ovra re koX ovk ovra SeSLO)^
69 (^6^ov<^ KaT€7r67rTa)K€C Kol 7rT0ia<;. ayovrai
TOivvv irapa top aarpdirriv ^AttoWcovlo^ re Kal ol
dfjLcf) avTOVy o he erv^e fxev aK7^vr}v i(p^ dp/jLa/jLd^'r)<;
7r€7rocr)jjLevo^ Kal i^eXavvcov ttol, Ihcov he dvhpa
av')(^fiov irXecdv dveKpaye re iocrirep rd heiXd twv
yvvalcov Kal ^vveKaXv-^aro, /xoyi^; re dva^\ey\ra<;
€9 avTOV iroOev y^fuv eTrcTrepcpOelf; 7]K€t<; ; " olov
haifiova rjpaora. 6 he ** vtt e/jtavrov,^' e<pr}, " ei ttt]
Kal aKovre^; dvhpe'^ yevoiader irdXiv i^pero, oan^
Mv i(T<l)OLTa T7)v /SaaLXeco'^ ^a)/^a^', o he "e//.?^," ecfyrj,
Trdcra rj yrj Kal dvelrai fioi hi avTrj<; iropevecrOair
Tov be paaavLOi ere, etirovTO^ ei /jlt} X€yot<;,
" el yap TaL<; aavrov ')(^epaiv,^' elirev, ** ci)9 avTo<^
^aaaviaOelrjf;, Oiywv dvhpo<^.'^ eK7rXay€L<; he avrov
6 evvov^o'^, eirel firjhe epfirjveQ)^ ecopa heofievov,
dXX' viroXa/jL^dpovra ttjv cjycovijv dXvTrax; re Kal
58
LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK I
XXI
He left Ctesiplion behind, and passed on to the chap.
borders of Babylon ; and here was a frontier garrison ^^^
belonging to the king, which one could not pass by ctesfpho™"^
without being questioned who one was, and as to ^ Babylon
one's city, and one's reasons for coming there. And Demeanour
there was a satrap in command of this j)ost, a sort of frontier
" Eye of the King," I imagine ; for the Mede had just satrap
acceded to the throne, and instead of being content
to live in security, he worried himself about things
real and imaginary and fell into fits of fear and
panic. Apollonius then and his party were brought
before this satrap, who had just set up the awning
on his wagon and was driving out to go somewhere
else. When he saw a man so dried up and parched,
he began to bawl out like a cowardly woman and
hid his face, and could hardly be induced to look up
at him. Whence do you come to us," he said, " and
who sent you ?" as if he was asking questions of a
spirit. And Apollonius replied : I have sent myself,
to see whether I can make men of you, whether you
like it or not." He asked a second time who he was to
come trespassing like that into the king's country,
and Apollonius said : '^ All the earth is mine, and I
have a right to go all over it and through it." Where-
upon the other said : " I will torture you, if you don't
answer my questions." " And I hope," said the other,
"that you will do it with your own hands, so that
you may catch it well, if you touch a true man."
Now the eunuch was astonished to find that
Apollonius needed no interpreter, but understood
what he said without the least trouble or difficulty.
59
FI.AVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. €VKo\o)<i " 7rpo<i OecovT elire, " rt? el ; " XtirapMV
i]8r) /cat /jLeTa/3a\a)v tov tovov. vTroXa^oov Be 6
'AttoXXooz^/o? " eTretSr) yLterptco?," €(f)r], " ravra koI
01) K (iTravOpcoTrax; r'jpov, aKOve, o? elfir elpX filv 6
vavev^ A7roX\coviO(;, 7] be 0009 irapa tov ivowv
^ao-iXea Ka6' laTopiav to)V eKel, ^ov\oLfir)v 8' av
Koi T6t) (T(p /3aaL\el evrv^elv (f>aai yap avrov 01
^vyyeyovoTe^; ov to)v (pavXcov elvaty el Br) Ovap-
hdvYjs OUT09, Tr)v ap')(7]v airoXwXvldv ttot avTO)
vvv iivaKeKTrj ijievo^y " eKelvo<i,^' e(^r), " Oele ^AttoX-
\(t)Vie' TToXai yap ere rjicovofiev. cro^S) Be dvBpl kclv
avTOv 7rapa')(^a)p^cr€ce tov ')(^pvaov Opovov, /cat 7re/jL-
TTOL h av v/jLd<; e? 'IvBov^ eTrl Ka/jujXov eKaaTOV. eyot)
Be Ka\ ^evov efiavTOv TroiovpLai ere Kal BlBco/jLl aot,
TOVTCdv TMV ')(^pr]fjLdTcov, " dfia 6r]aavpov ')(^pvaov
Bei^a^ " oirocra jBovXei BpaTTeaOai, Kal firj e?
djra^, dWd BeKdKt<;.^^ TrapatTrjcrafjbevov Be avTov
TCL ')(^p/]/jiaTa " (TV 3' dWd ocvov,^^ ecfyrj, *' Ba^u-
Xwviov, TrpoTTivet Be avTOv ^aaiXev^ Be/ca rjfuv
aaTpdirat^;, dfi(j)opea e^e, arvcov re /cat Bop/cdBcov
T€ixd')(r) oTTTd, dXevpd re Kal dpTOV<; Kal 6 rt
e6eXei<;. y yap /xeTa TavTa 6Bo(; eTrl iroXXd
cTTdBia KoifMai eicnv ov Travv evcrcToi. Kai
Xa^6/jL€vo<; eavTOv 6 evvov'^o^;, " olov^ ^<t>V> " ^
deoi, eiraOov dKovoov yap tov dvBpa p/r\T diro
^(t)(ov aiTelaOai firJTe ocvov irlveiv, Tra^eo)? avTov
Kat a/jbauo)^ eaTCO). aXX eaTL aoi, ecpt], kul
60
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
" By the gods," he said, "who are you ?" this time chap.
altering his tone to a whine of entreaty. And ^
ApoUonius repHed: "Since you have asked me civilly
this time and not so rudely as before, listen, I will
tell you who I am : I am ApoUonius of Tyana, and
my road leads me to the king of India, because I
want to acquaint myself with the country there ;
and I shall be glad to meet your king, for those
who have associated with him say that he is no bad
fellow, and certainly he is not, if he is this \^ardaii
who has lately recovered the empire which he had
lost." He is the same," replied the other, " O
divine ApoUonius ; for we have heard of you a long
time ago, and in favour of so wise a man as you he
would I am sure, step down off his golden throne and
send your party to India, each of you mounted on a
camel. And I myself now invite you to be my
guest, and I beg to present you with these
treasures." And at the moment he pointed out a
store of gold to him saying: '^^Take as many handfuls
as you like, fill your hands, not once, but ten times."
And when ApoUonius refused the money he said :
Well, at any rate you will take some of the Baby-
lonian wine, in which the king pledges us, his ten
satraps. Take a jar of it, with some roast steaks
of bacon and venison and some meal and bread and
anything else you like. For the road after this,
for many stades, leads through villages which are ApoUonius'
ill-stocked with provision." And here the eunuch yegetarian-
' caught himself up and said : " Oh ! ye gods, what
have 1 done ? For I have heard that this man
never eats the flesh of animals, nor drinks wine,
and here I am inviting him to dine in a gross and
ignorant manner." "Well," said ApoUonius, " you
§1
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. XeTTTw? Ate eandv, fjv dpTov<; re 3w9 koI rpayT]-
XXI
fiarar " 8a)o-ft)," e(/)?7, ** ^vfjuira^; re dprov^ /cat
(f>OLVLKO<; ^aXdvov^ rfKeKrp coheir re Koi p,eyd\a(;.
B(t}(TQ} Kal Xdyava, oiroaa 6 Tlypc^; /crjirevet.
" aXX rjSiO}, elirev 6 'KiroXXcovio^, ** rd dypia
Kal avTo/jLara \dyava tmv rjvayfcacr/jLevoov Kat
T6Xvr}r(ov. *' rjSio) pAv, e<f)r] 6 aaTpdirrji;, '* r]
Xd>p(^ ^e r)p.tv rj eVl Ba/SuXcoi/o? d^LvOiOV 7r\r]pr]<;
ovaa drj^T] avrd (fivet fcal irLKpa. ' irXrjV aWa
Tov aarpdirov ye direhe^aro, koX dTnwv ^8?; ** w
Xwo"Te," e^^, *' pirj Xrjye pbovov /ca\ct)<;, dWd Kal
dpypyT vovOeTMV TTov avTov eiri rw '* ^aaavtoi
(le," Kal oh iv dp^fj ^ap/3api^ovTO<; r)Kovae.
XXII
CAP. YipoeXOovre^i he ecKoac ardSca XeaLvr) evrvyxd-
vovaiv d7rea<j)ay/jL€vr} ev Orjpa, Kal rjv to Orjplov
pAya Kal ocrov ovirco elBov, e^ocov re oi eK Tri<^
K(op,7]<; crvveppvrjK6Tei Kal, vrj At', ol reOrfpaKore'^,
W9 TL pukya davpia ev avrw 6p(ovTe<;' koI rjv dre^-
voi^ davpia' aKvpbVov^; yap dvarpLrjOelcra oktco
el^^v. 6 Be TTj^ Xealvrjf; t6ko<;, al Xeaivai purjvMv
pueV Kvt(TK0V(7LV 6^, Tpl<i he dirOTLKTOVaLV, dpiOpiO'^
he TOdv aKvpLVwv irapd piev tyjv TrpcoTrjv Tpel<;, eirl
62
LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK I
can offer me a lighter repast and give me bread and chap.
dried fruits!" "' I will give you/' said the other, ^^
" leavened bread and palm dates, like amber and of
good size. And I will also supply you with
vegetables, the best which the gardens of the Tigris
afford." "Well," said Apollonius, " the wild herbs
which grow free are nicer than those which are
forced and artificial." "They are nicer," said the
satrap, " I admit, but our land in the direction of
Babylon is full of wormwood so that the herbs
which grow in it are disagreeablv bitter." In the
end Apollonius accepted the satrap's offer, and as he
was on the point of going away, he said : " My
excellent fellow, don't keep your good manners to
the end another time, but begin with them." This
by way of rebuking him for saying that he would
torture him, and for the barbaric language w^hich
he had heard to begin with.
XXII
After they had advanced twenty stades they chap.
chanced upon a lioness that had been slain in a chase ; ^^^^
and the brute was bigger than any they had ever onh?*skTn^
seen ; and the villagers rushed up and cried out, and lioness
to tell the truth, so did the huntsmen, when they
saw what an extraordinary thing lay before them.
And it really was a marvel ; for when it was cut
asunder they found eight whelps within it. And
the lioness becomes a mother in this way. They
carry their young for six months, but they bring
forth young only three times ; and the number of the
whelps at the first birth is three and at the second
63
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Be Tr)<; Sevripa^ Bvo, rpirov he airTafjAvr) tokov
/jiovrjprj (T/cvjJLVOv airoTiKTei fjue^av, oifiai, Kai
dypiooTepov t>)? (j)vaeco<^. ov yap irpoaeKTea Tot<;
XeyovcFLV, co? ^tjvavre'^ ol (tkvjxvol ra^; tmv Xeai-
vcbv /uL7]Tpa<; eKSeSovrat rod aiT\dy')(yov. BoKet
yap rfi (j>vaei tw TCKTO/jbivo) irpo^; to tlktov eimrj-
Beca elvai virep cro)Trjpia<=^ rod yevov;. iucBoov ovv
AiroWcovto^ Tw OrjpKp Kal ttoXvv '^popov eTTi-
G'yiov " 0) Adfjn" ecjyrj, "6 ')(^p6vo^ T/79 irapd jBaaCXea
diroBr^pbia'^ iviavrov earat Kal fiijvayv oktco, oure
yap eKelvo'^ dvrjaei Oclttov, ovre tj/jlIv Xwop direX-
Oelv TTpo TOVTOV. T€K/jiaLpecrdai Be ')(pr] tmv p^ev
(TKvpivotyv €9 p^Tjva'i, T7]<; XeaLvr)^; Be 69 ivcavrov, re-
Xeta yap T6Xetot9 irapa^XrjTea.^^ " 01 Be Brj crrpov-
^ot," €(f)7] 6 AdfjLL<;, OL Tvapd T(p ^Opbrjpq) tl (f)i]crGV-
(TLV, 0U9 Bpd/ccov p,ev ev rfj AvXlBo eBauaaro oktco
6vTa<;, evvdrrjv iir avTol<^ rrjv pLrjripa eXdtv; Ka\^a9
8' e^r]yovfievo(i ravra evvea iviauTot<; dvecTre Kara-
TToXep^Tjcrecrdai rr^v Tpolav Kal opa p,r) Kad
"O/Jbrjpov re Kal KdX'^avra €9 evvea rjplv err) rj
a7root]/jLia reLvrj. Kai eLKOTco<i, ecprj, w Ha/jLi,
Kal Tot'9 veoTTOv<i "O/jbijpof; evtavTot<; ecKd^et, yeyo-
vacTi yap 7]B>] Kai elcnv, iyoo Be dreXrj Or^pia Kal
fi7]7r(ji) yeyovora, ta(o<; Be p^rjB^ dv yev6p,eva, 7rw9 dv
ivLavTol^; elKdl^oLfxt; rd yap irapd (puatv ovr av
yevoLTo, ra'^etdv re icryei Bcac^Oopdv, kclv yevrjrai.
dXX^ eTTov Br] tm Xoyo), Kal tcofiev €v^o/jL€voc Tot9
0€OL<; 01 ravra (paivovai,^^
64
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
two, and if the mother makes a third attempt, it chap
bears only a single whelp, but I believe a very big ^'^^^
one and preternaturally fierce. For we must not
believe those who say that the whelps of a lioness
make their w^av out into the world bv clawino; through
their mother's womb ; for nature seems to have
created the relationship of offspring to mother for
their nourishment with a view to the continuance of
the race Apollonius then eyed the animal for a long
time, with attention, and then he said : " O Damis,
the length of our stay with the king will be a year and
eight months ; for neither will he let us go sooner
than that, nor will it be to our advantage to quit
him earlier. And you may guess the number of the
months from that of the whelps, and that of the
years from the lioness ; for you must compare wholes
with wholes." And Damis replied: ^'^ But w^hat of
the sparrows in Homer, what do they mean, the ones
which the dragon devoured in Aulis, which were
eight in number, when he seized their mother for a
ninth ? Calchas surely explained these to signify
nine years and predicted that the war with Troy
would last so long ; so take care that Homer may
not be right and Calchas, too, and that our stay may
not extend to nine years abroad." '^'^ Well," replied
Apollonius, " Homer was surely quite right in com-
paring the nestlings to years, for they are already
hatched out and in the world ; but what I had in
mind were incomplete animals that were not yet
born, and perhaps never would have been born : how
could I compare them to years ? For things that
violate nature can hardly come to be ; and they any-
how quickly pass to destruction, even if they do come
into existence. So follow my arguments, and let us
go and pray to the gods who reveal thus much to us."
65
VOL. I. F
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XXIII
CAP. TlpoekOovTi Se avrw e? t7]v K.ccr(TLav 'xoiypav koX
irpo'^ BaySfXwi/t rjhr) ovrc, So^a evvTrviov e<^oiTr]aev
wSe T(p (f^rjvavTt Oecp ^vvreOelaa- l')(Ov^ eKireirrw-
k6t€<; TTj^ 6a\dTT'r)<; ev rfj yfj TjcTTraLpov, Oprjvov
avOpcoirodv levT6<; koL oXocjivpofievoi to i/c^e/Sr]-
Kevai Tov rjOov<^, S€X(j)Lvd re rfj yfj irapaveovra
Ik€T€Vov d/jbvvai ac^iaiv eXeeiVol oVre?, too-irep tmv
dvOpcoTTWV ol ev rfj ^evrj K\aLOVT€<;. eKTrXayel'; Se
ovBev VTTO TOV ivvTTViov, ^v/jb/SdWeTac fiev avTov
07r&)<? /cal OTTT) el')(€, BiaTapaTrecv Be jBovXoixevo'^
TOV AdfiLv, Kol yap tmv evXa/SeaTepcov avrov eyu-
yvco(TK6V, aTrayyeWet 7rpo<; avTov Tr)V oyjrtv, 8eo?
7r\aad/jL€vo<; &)9 eVl Trovijpot^;, oh etSev o Be dve-
^orjcre re &)? avTO^; IBayv TavTa, koL dirY]ye tov
^ KiroWdtViov tov Trpoaw " pbrj irr\r e(f>7j, " kuI
r)/ji€l<; MCTTrep l')(j9v(i eKireaovTe^ tmv rjOodv diroXw-
/jueOa, fcal TroWd iXeeivd ev ttj dWoBairf) eiTray/jbev,
/cat iTOv /cal e? dfirj'^avov eiJb7rea6vT€<^ IfceTevaco/jLev
Bvvd(7T7)v Tiva Tj /SaaiXea, o Be rjfid'; aTLfidar),
KaOdTrep tov<; i')(Ov<; ol Be\^lve<^.^^ yeXdaa^; Be 6
^ A7roW(t)VLO<; " av fiev ovirw (piXocrotpetf;,^* eiirev,
" el BeBia<; iavTa, eyoD Be ol to evvirvLov Telvei Btj-
Xcoaco' 'E/oeTy9i6t9 yap ttjv J^iaaiav TavT7)v ')(^o)pav
oIkovglv ol e^ ]^vpoia<; iroTe Aapelo) dva')(6evTe^
eTTj TavTa irevTaKocna, Kal XeyovTai, oiGTrep rj
oyjn(; i(j)dvrj, l')(Ov(ov TrdOet irepl Tr]V dXcoaiv XPV~
craadar aayrjvevOrjvat yap Brj Kal dXcovat 7rdvTa<;.
66
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
XXIII
And as he advanced into the Cissian country and chap.
was ah'eady close to Babylon^ he was visited by a ^ ^^^^
dream, and the god who revealed it to him fashioned about the^
its imagery as follows : there were fishes which had captive
been cast up from the sea on to the land, and they
were gasping, and uttering a lament almost human,
and bewailing that they had quitted their element ;
and they were begging a dolphin that was swimming
past the shore to help them in their misery, just like
human beings who are weeping in a foreign land.
Apollonius was not in the least frightened by his
dream, but set himself to conjecture its meaning and
drift ; but he was determined to give Damis a shock,
for he found that he was the most nervous of men.
So he related his vision to him, and feigned as if
it foreboded evil. But Damis began to bellow as
if he had seen the dream himself, and tried to dis-
suade Apollonius from going any further, "Lest," he
said, " we also like the fishes get thrown out of our
element and perish, and have to weep and wail in a
foreign land. Nay, we may even be reduced to
straits, and have to go down on our knees to some
potentate or king, who will flout us as the dolphins
did the fishes." Then Apollonius laughed and said : ,
" You've not become a philosopher yet, if you are
afraid of this sort of thing. But I will explain to
you the real drift of the dream. For this land of
Cissia is habited by the Eretrians, who were brought
up here from Euboea by Darius five hundred years
ago, and they are said to have been treated at their
capture like the fishes that we saw in the dream ; for
they were netted in, so they say, and captured one
67
F 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. eoLKaaiv ovv ol OeoX fceXeuetv fie e? avTOv<; irapeK-
XXIII I /)' > -v/3'^ J'* " ^ f "
uovra e7nijL€Xr]U7]vai, crcpcov, ei n ovvaifi7]v. icra)(;
8e KoX at '\lrv)(al tcop 'EXXi^vcov, OLirep e\a-)(^ov Tifv
ivravOa jiolpav, eirdyovTai jLie iir oycpeXeia tT;?
77)9' icofiev ovv i^aWd^avT€<; t/}? oSov irepl fjuovov
epcor(Ji)VT€<^ Tov (f)peaTO<^, tt/^o? (d oIkovcti.^' Xeyerai,
Se TOVTO KCKpaaOaL fiev dcripaXrov teal iXaiov fcal
vSaTO<;, eK')(eavTO<^ he tov dvipiijcravTO'^ d'Tro')((opelv
ravra koI air ccXXyXcov /cpiveaOai. nrapeXOelv
fjuev Stj 69 TTjv K^LCTalav kol avTO<; 6)/jLoXo<yr]Kev ev
ol<i iTpo<; TOV YiXa^ojxevLOv aocpicTTTjv <ypd(f)ei,
')(^priaTo^ yap ovtcj tl koI (^iXoTifio^; rjv, &)? eTreiSr)
E^er/J^ea? eiSe, aocpiaTOv re dvafivrjadrjvai kol
ypd-yjrat Tryoo? avTov d t€ eiSev d Te vrrep avTcov
eirpa^ev koI irapaKeXeveTai ol irapd ti-jv ein-
(TToXijv irdcrav eXeelv tov<; ^RpeTptea^;, /cal oiroTe
fjueXeTcprj tov irepl avTcov Xoyov, fiijSe to fcXdeiv eV
avTol<i TrapaiTelaOai.
XXIV
CAP. 'B^vvcpha he rouroi? ical 6 Ad/jLi<; irepl tcov 'Eyoe-
XXIV / y / J y r^ \ y '^ATC^
Tpiecov avayeypacpev oiKovau yap ev tjj Mrjoi/crj,
Ba/^L'Xcoi/o? ov TToXv aTre^ovTe^ r)/j,epa<^ ohov
hpofjLLKW dvhpl, rj %ft)/)a he aTToXi'^, rj yap K^taaLa
KWfxai TTCLcra, /cau tl Kal vofidhcov ev avTrj yevo<;
/jLL/cpd TMV Ilttttcov d7ro^aivovTe<;. rj he tmv Eyoe-
Tpiecov olfcecTat fxev tmv dXXcov fiecrr], Trepi-
^e/SXrjTaL he iroTajjiOv Td(ppov, fjv avTol /3aX~
68 .
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
and all. It would seem then that the gods are in- chap.
structing nie to visit them and tend their needs, ^^^^^
supposing I can do anything for them. And perhaps
also the souls of the Greeks whose lot was cast in
this part of the world are enlisting my aid for the^r
land. Let us then go on and diverge from the high-
road, and ask only about the well, hard by which
their settlement is." Now this well is said to con-
sist of a mixture of pitch and oil and water, and if
you draw up a bucket and pour it out, these three
elements divide and part themselves from one
another. That he really did visit Cissia, he himself
acknowledges in a letter which he wrote to the sophist Letter
of Clazomenae ; for he was so kind and munificent, ^opMst of
that when he saw the Eretrians, he remembered the ci^^*^"?^"^*^
sophist and wrote to him an account of what he about them
had seen, and of what he had done for them ; and all
through this letter he urges the sophist to take pity
on the Eretrians and prays him, in case ever he
should compose a discourse about them, not to
deprecate even the shedding of tears over their fate.
XXIV
And the record Avhich Damis has left about the chap.
Eretrians is in harmony with this. For they live in
the country of the Medes, not far distant from of Datis
Babylon, a day's journey for a fleet traveller ; but ^"etrian
their country is without cities ; for the whole of carried
Cissia consists of villages, except for a race of nomads toVodia
that also inhabits it, men who seldom dismount from
their horses. And the settlement of the Eretrians
is in the centre of the rest, and tlie river is carried
69
XXIV
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAF.eaOai irepl rfj Krjofir] Xiyovrai, relxo'i avrrjv ttolov-
fievoL 7r/509 TO 1)9 iv rfj Kiaaia /3ap^dpov<;, virop.-
13 po^ Be dacpaXro) rj %a)/)a Kal TTLKpd efKpvrevaat,
^pax^^t'(*^'^<^'^oi T€ ol eKeivrj dvOpcoiroL, to ^^ap
da(f)aXTCoS€<; ttotov €9 iroWa tmv airXwyx^^'^
l^dvei. Tp6(j)€L S' avTOv^ Xo(/)09 iv opioid Trj<; K(o/xr}^,
ov {jirepaipovTa tov 7rape<f)6op6ro^ %a)^/oi; airei-
povai T€ Kal rjyovvrat yrjv. (paal Be dKOvaai tcov
ijX^P^^^' 0)9 kiTTaKoaLOi fjLev rcov 'Eperptewv Trpo^
ToU oyBorjKovra 7]\coaav, ovtl ttov fidxi^P'Oi
7raz^T€9, rjv ydp tl Kal Orjkv ev avTol^ yevo^ Kal
yeyrjpaKO^, rjv B\ olfJiai, tl Kal Traihia, to yap ttoXv
T7)9 'Eperpia^ top Kacpypea dvecpvye Kal 6 tl dKpo-
TaTov TTj^ EvjSola^. dvyjx^rjaav Be avBpe^ fiev
dfi(f)l TOL'9 T€T paKoalov^;, yvvaia Be law^; BeKa, ol Be
XoLiTol dir 'Ift)i^ta9 re Kal AvBLa<; dp^dfievoi Btecf^Od-
prjaav eXavvopbevoL civco. XiOoTopbiav Be avToU irape-
Xop^evov TOV Xocpov, Kai Tive^ Kal XiOovpyoi)^ elBoTe^;
T€xva<;, lepd re eBel/jiavTO 'EXXrjvLKa Kal dyopdv,
oiroG'Y]V eiKO^ r)v, /Scop^oix; t€ IBpvaavTO Aapetw fiev
Bvo, Bep^rj Be eva, AapiBala) Be irXeiOv^. BieTeXeaav
Be €9 AaptBalov eV?; pLeTa ttjv dXcoacv oktco Kal
oyBoTjKOVTa ypd(j)0VTe<; tov 'EXXtjvcov Tpoirov, Kal
ol Td(j)OL Be ol dpxacoL cKpcbv " Belva tov Belvo^ "
yeypd(j>aTat, Kal Ta ypdpbpuaTa 'EXXtJvcov p^ev, aXX
oviro) TavTa IBelv (j)aac, Kal vavs iyKex^pt^y-
7Q
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
round it in a trench, for they say that they them- chap.
selves diverted it round the village in order to form ^^^^
a rampart of defence against the barbarians of the
country. But the soil is drenched with pitch, and
is bitter to plant in ; and the inhabitants are very
short lived, because the pitch in the water forms
a sediment in most of their bowels. And they get
their sustenance off a bit of rising ground on the
confines of the village, where the ground rises above
the tainted country ; on this they sow their crops
and regard it as their land. And they say that
they have heard from the natives that 780 of the
Eretrians were captured, not of course all of them
fighting men ; for there was a certain number of
women and old men among them ; and there was, I
imagine, a certain number of children too, for the
greater portion of the population of Eretria had
fled to Caphereus and to the furthest extremes of
Euboea. But anyhow the men who were brought up
numbered about 400, and there were ten women
perhaps ; but the rest, who had started from Ionia and
Lydia, perished as they were driven up. And they
managed to open a quarry on the hill; and as some of
them understood the art of cutting stone, they built
temples in the Greek style and a market-place large
enough for their purpose ; and they dedicated various
altars, two to Darius, and one to Xerxes, and several
to Daridaeus. But up to the time of Daridaeus, 88
years after their capture, they continued to write in
the manner of the Greeks, and what is more, their
ancient graves are inscribed with the legend : " So ApoUonius
and so, the son of so and so." And though the thSr^^Saves
letters are Greek, they said that they never yet had
made them out. And there were ships engraved on
71
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP.^ /jbeva<; toi<; Td<^oi<;, w<^ €KaaTO<; ev Fjvfiola e^T]
TTOpOfievcov Tj 'TTop<^vpevwv i) OaXdrrtov rj Kal aX-
ovpyov irpdrrcov, Kai ri kol iXeyelov dvayvcovai
yeypa/ifievov eTrlvavrcov re KalvavK\7]pcov atj/jLarr
OiBe TTOT Alyaioio /3a6vppoov olB/Jia TrXeoz/re?
Fjfc^ardvcov irehlcp KsljJbeO* iv\ /jLcadrq).
^atpe KXvrrj irore Trarpl^ ^Kperpia, '^^^aiper
"AOr^vai,
yeiTov€<; El'/^oit;?, %afcpe OdXaaaa (piXrj.
Tov<; fiev Br] Td(f>ov<; hie^Oopora^ dvaXa^etv re
avTov 6 Adfit^; (prjal Kal ^vyKXeiaat, '^(^iaaOai re
Kal eireveyKelv ai^iaiv, oiroaa vofii/jLa, irX-qv rov
t6/jl€lv tl rj KaOaycaai, BaKpvaavrd re Kal viro-
TrXrjcrOevTa opp>r)<; rdhe iv ixecroif; dvacpOey^aaO ar
"'EpeT/o/€t9 OL KXr)p(p TV')(r]<i hevp d'7rev6')(6evTe<;,
v/jL€L<; jxev, el Kal Troppco t?}? avTwv, riOacpOe yovv,
ol 3' vixd<^ ivTavOa piy\ravTe<i dirayXovTO irepl rrjv
vfjuerepav vrjaov dra^oi SeKdro) fJueO v/jLd<i erer to
yap ev KolXrj ^v^oia 7rd6o<; 6eol (paCvovaLP.^^
- A7roXX(ovio(; Be tt/oo? top ao(pC(TTr)v eVl reXet ri}?
iTnaroXiji; " Kal eirefJLeXrjOriv^' cfyrjaiv, " &> SKOire-
Xtave, Tcov (tmv ^Rperpiecov veo<^ cov ere, Kai
oicpeXrjcra 6 n iBvvdfjLTjv Kal tov<; reOvecora^; avroyv
Kal TOv<i fwz^ra?." tl BrjTa eTrefieXrjOrj tcov ^covtcop;
ol irpoaoLKOi tw X6(f)(p /Bdp/Sapot cnreipovTOOv tmv
^FjpeTpiecov avTOV iXrjl^ovTo Ta (pvo/neva irepl to
72
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
the tombstones^ to show that the various individuals chap.
had lived in Euboea, aud engaged either in seafaring ^^^^
trade, or in that of purple, as sailors or as dyers ; and
they say that they read an Elegiac inscription
written over the sepulchre of some sailors and sea-
farers, which ran thus :
Here we who once sailed over the deep-flowing
billows of the Aegean sea
Are lying in the midst of the plain of Ecbatana.
Farewell, once-famed fatherland of Eretria, farewell
Athens,
Ye neighbours of Euboea, farewell, thou darling sea.
Well, Damis says that Apollonius restored the
tombs that had gone to ruin and closed them up,
aud that he poured out libations and made offerings
to their inmates, all that religion demands, except
that he did not slay or sacrifice any victim ; then after
weeping and in an access of emotion, he deliv^ered
himself of the following apostrophe in their midst :
" Ye Eretrians, who by the lot of fortune have
been brought hither, ye, even if ye are far from your
own land, have at least received burial ; but those
who cast you hither perished unburied round the
shores of your island ten years after yourselves ; for
the gods brought about this' calamity in the hollows
of Euboea."
And Apollonius at the end of his letter to the
sophist writes as follows : '^' I also attended, O
Scopelianus, to your Eretrians, while I was still a
young man ; and I gave what help I could both to
their dead and their living." What attention then
did he show to their living ? This — the barbarians,
in the neighbourhood of the hill, when the Eretrians
73
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Oepo<; rjKOVTe<; koI ireLvrjv eSec yecopyovvra'; erepoi'^.
XXIV f t ■» Kl ^ O ^ f '> A ' ff i r.
OTTOT ovv irapa paaiKea acpcKero, evpero avTOL<;
TO ^(prjadaL fiovov^ rw Xocfxp.
XXV
CAP. To. Se ev l^a/SvXcovi rod avSpo^; toutov koX
OTTOcra BaySi'Xco^'o? irepi irpoariiceL ^i^vijuaiceiVy
TOtdBe evpov rj l^a/3v\a)V TeT6i')(^iaTai fiev oySoij-
Kovra Kol TerpaKOcna ardhta, roaavrr) KVK\(p,
T€t')(o<; 8e avTr](; rpia fxev to vyjro<; rjpiTrXeOpa,
irXeOpov Se jxelov to evpo^, TroTapua) Se FjV(f)pdTrj
TepLverai ^uv op^ocoTrjTt tov €lBov<;, ov diroppTjTO^
viroaTei'X^ei yicjivpa, to, fBaalXeia tcl eVt Tal<i
6^6ai<; dcj)avM^ ^vvdirTovaa. yvvr) yap XeyeTac
M-7)S€La TMV eKeivr) iroTe dp')(pV(Ta tov iroTapbov
VTTO^ev^ai TpoTTOV, ov pbrjiroo rt? 7roTapbo<; i^ev-x^Orj'
XtOov<; yap Sr) /cal ')(^aXKov Ka\ dcrtpaXTOV Kal
oiroaa e? €(j)vSpov ^vvSeacv dv6pco7roi<; evprjTat,
Trapd Ta9 oyOa^^ tov TroTap,ov vrjaao-a to pev/xa e?
XipLva<^ eTpeyfre, ^rjpov t€ rjSrj tov TTOTUfiov copvyev
opyvidf; e? Svo aijpayya ipya^opevrj kolXtjv, Xv e?
Ta PaaiXeia tcl irapd Tal<^ 6')(0ai^ wcnrep etc yr]<;
dva^aivoiTO, Kal ijpeyfrev avTrjv laco^ tw tov
pevpiaT0<^ 8a7re8(p. ol p,ev Sr] OepueXcoL e^e^rjKeaav
Kal ol Tol'Xpt T7J9 (Tr]payyo<^y are 8e t?;? dacjydXTOV
Beop.evr)<; tov vhaTo<^ eV to XiOovcrOaL re Kal
irriyvvaOai o ^vippdTrjf; iiraipeiOr} vyp(£> tw opocfxp,
74
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
sowed their seed upon it^ would come in summer- chap.
time and plunder their crops^ so that they had ^^^^
to starve and see the fruits of their husbandry go
to others. When therefore he reached the king, he
took pains to secure for them the sole use of the
hill.
XXV
I FOUND the following to be an account of the sage's chap.
stay in Babylon, and of all we need to know about ^^^
Babylon, the fortifications of Babylon extend 480 gf^^^^^
stadia and form a complete circle, and its wall is and account
three half plethrons high, but less than a plethron ^ " ^ ci y
in breadth. And it is cut asunder by the river
Euphrates, into halves of similar shape ; and there
passes underneath the river an extraordinary bridge
which joins together by an unseen passage the palaces
on either bank. For it is said that a Median woman
was formerly queen of those parts, who spanned the
river underneath in a manner in which no river was
ever bridged before ; for she got stones, it is said, and
copper and pitch and all the materials which men
have found set under water, and she piled these
up along the banks of the river. Then she diverted
the stream into lakes ; and as soon as the river w^as
dry, she dug down two fathoms, and made a hollow
tunnel, which she caused to debouch into the palaces
on either bank like a subterranean grotto ; and she
roofed it on a level with the bed of the stream. The
foundations were thus made stable, and also the
walls of the tunnel ; but as the pitch required water
in order to set as hard as stone, the Euphrates was
let in again to flood the roof, and so the bridge
^ A plethron was equal to 101 English feet,
75
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. KOi oySe earr) to tevy/Jta. ra Be ^aaiXeia ')(a\K(p,
■Y'-Y"\7
fjLev r/peiTTaL koI. air avrcov darpaTrrei, OdXafioL
8e Koi avSpcove^ koI aroai, ra jxkv dpjvpo), ra Be
Xpvcroi^ v(f)d(jp,acn, rd Be XP^^^ avrw KaOdirep
7pa</)ai9 rjyXdlaraL, rd Be iroi/ciXfJiaTa twv TreirXcov
eK TMV 'EWrjvi/cwv a(j)Lcnv rjKeL Xoycov, ^AvBpo/xeBac
KoX 'A/ivfiMvat Koi 'Opcpev^ TroXXa^oO. ^at/jouo-i
Be T(p 'Opcpel, Tu'ipav tcra)? Kal dva^vpiBa Ti/xwi^re?,
ov yap p.ovatKtjv ye, ovBe wBd^, ah eOeXyev.
evv4>avTai irov koX 6 Aarf? rriv ISld^ov eK t?;9
OaKdrrri^ dvaaTTMV, Kal 'ApTa(f)epvri<; irepLeaT'qKW^
TTjv ^Eperpiav, Kal tmv dfKpl Sep^r]v, a viKav
e(f)aaKev'W.6i)vai yap Br) exop^evai elai Kal Seppo-
irvXai Kal rd 'MrjBiKooTepa en, 7rorap,ol e^aipov-
pievoi TTjq yr]s Kal OaXdrrrj^; ^evypa Kal o'A^o)?
C09 er/JirjOt]. (jyaal Be Kal dvBpoyvL evTVXelv, ov rov
6po(f)ov 69 66\ov dvTjxOai (TXV/^^ ovpavw tlvl
eiKaapevov, aairc^eipivr) Be avrbv KaTrjpe^Oac \i6w
— KvavcordrT] Be rj \iOo<i Kal ovpavia IBelv — Kal
Oewv dydXpaja, ov^ vopi^ovatv, 'iBpvrai, dvco Kal
XP^^d (^aivejaLy KaOdirep, e^ aWepo<;. BiKd^ei
p.ev Bt) 6 ^aaCkem evravOa, %/3fO"<xt Be tvyye<^
diroKpepavTat rov opocpov rerrape^;, Tr]v 'ABpd-
aretav avrw irapeyyvMaai Kal to p-t) virep toi'9
dvOpdiiTov^ alpeadai. TavTa<; ol pdyot avToi
<f>acriv dppLOTTeadai, (f)OLTMVTe<; 69 rd jBaaiXeia,
KaXovdi Be auTa9 Oeo)V yXooTTas^
76
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
stood solid. And the palaces are roofed with bronze, chap.
and a glitter goes off from them ; but the chambers ^^^
of the women and of the men and the porticos are Greek
adorned partly with silver, and partly with golden ^^^^^ °^
tapestries or curtains, and partly with solid gold in Babylon
the form of pictures ; but the subjects embroidered
on the stuffs are taken by them from Hellenic story,
Andromedas being represented, and Amumonae, and
you see Orpheus everywhere. And they delight in
Orpheus, perhaps out of regard for his peaked cap
and breeches, for it cannot be for his music or the
songs with which he charmed and soothed others.
And woven into the pattern you perceive Datis
drawing up Naxos out of the sea, and Artaphernes
beleaguering Eretria, and such battles of Xerxes as he
said he won. For a little further off, of course, there
is Athens and Thermopylae, and other pictures still
more to the Median taste, such as rivers drained from Juvenal x.
off the land and a bridge over the sea and the piercing
of Athos. But they say that they also visited a
man's apartment of which the roof had been carried
up in the form of a dome, to resemble in a manner
the heavens, and that it was roofed with sapphire,
a stone that is very blue and like heaven to the eye ;
and there were images of the gods, which they
worship, fixed aloft, and looking like golden figures
shining out of the ether. And it is here that the
king gives judgement, and golden wrynecks are hung
from the ceiling, four in number, to remind him of
Adrastea, the goddess of justice, and to engage him
not to exalt himself above humanity. These figures
the Magi themselves say they arranged ; for they
have access to the palace, and they call them the
tongues of the gods.
77
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XXVI
CAP. Uepl Be TO)v fidywv KiroWoi)vio<i /aei^ to a7ro')(^pMV
€ip7]K€, crvyyeveaUaL 'yap avTOL<; kul ra fxev pLaUecv,
TO, Be aireXOelv hthd^a^i, Aap,c<; Be tou? fxev \6yov<i,
oloi iyei'OVTO tco civBpl Trpo? rov^ /jidyov<; ovk olBev,
dirayopevaai yap avTu> fir) avf^poLrdi/ Trap* avTov<;
lovTL, Xeyei B' ovv ^otrdv avrov rot? jxdyoi^
ixearjfji^pia's re Kal dfi(f)i p.eaw^ i>i>fCTa<^, kuI epeaOal
TTore " TL ol fidyoL ; " tov Be diroKpivaryOaL " aocpol
piev, aKK ov iravra.
XXVII
CAP. TauTt p^ev vcrrepov. d(f)tKop.eva> Be avro} e?
BajSvXcova o aarpaTrrj^^ o eirl tmv p^eydXcov
TTvXcov p,a6a)v on virep laropia<; tjkol, opeyei
'^(^pvaTjv eiKova tov /3a(TL\eco(;, rjv el fir) TTpoaKV-
vrjaeue tl<;, ov OefXirov rjv eacj^oirav eaco. irpea-
/SevovTL fxev ovv irapd tov 'Pcop,aicov dpy^ovTO'^
ovBepLia dvdyKr) tovtov, irapa ^ap/3dpcov Be iJKOVTi
rj d(f)t(JTopovvTL Ti)v ')(^d>pav, el pLrj Tr)v eiKova
TV poOe pair ever e Lev, uTipov d7rei\rj(j)6aL' Kal crarpa-
ireveTai irapd tol<; ^ap^dpot<^ to, ovtco<; ev7)6r).
eTrei tolvvv Tr)v eiKova etoe r^?, ecp")), ovto<; ;
aKOvaa^ Be otl 6 ^aaiXev^; ovTO<i, etirev, " ov
vp.ei<; Trpoa/cvvetTe, el eTTaLveOeir) vtt epuov Ka\os
KayaOo^ B6^a<; p.eyd\cov Tev^eTar Kal eLwcov
78
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
XXVI
With respect to the Magi^ Apollonius has said all chap.
that there is to be said, how he associated with them
and learned some things from them, and taught them in^enSws
others before he went away. But Damis is not *^® ^^^^
acquainted with the conversations which the sage
held with the Magi, for the latter forbade him to
accompany him in his visits to them ; so he tells us
merely that he visited the Magi at mid-day and about
mid-night, and he says that he once asked his master :
"What of the Magi?" and the latter answered:
" They are wise men, but not in all respects."
XXVII
But of this later on. Wlien then he arrived at chap.
Babylon, the satrap in command of the great gates
having learnt that he had come to see the country, to^vorship
held out a golden image of the king, which everyone \^^ king's
must kiss before he is allowed to enter the city.
Now an ambassador coming from the Roman
Emperor has not this ceremony imposed upon him,
but anyone who comes from the barbarians or
just to look at the country, is arrested with dishonour
unless he has first paid his respects to this image.
Such are the silly duties committed to satraps among
barbarians. WTien therefore Apollonius saw the
image, he said: '^'^ W' ho is that?" And on being
told that it was the king, he said : "This king whom
you worship would acquire a great boon, if I merely
commended him as of an honourable and good re-
putation." And with these words he passed through
79
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ravra Slcl ttvXcov rjei. 6av/iidaa<; Se 6 craTpd'7Trj<i
avTOV iirrjKoXovdrjae re koX Karaaycov rrjv X^^P^
Tov ^AiroWcovLov St' epiJLYjveo^ r^pero ovofid re avrov
KoX oIkOV Kol 6 Ti i7riT7]SeV0L KOI 6(f)^ 6 TL (f)0LT(p7J,
KoX aTToypaylrdjuevo'; ravra e? ypa/ifiarelov crroXrjv
re avrov Kal elho'^ eKelvov fiev irepLfxelvaL KeXevei,
XXVIII
CAP. Apa/xa)v Be avro<^ rrapa rov<; dvBpa^, ot S)} vojjll-
^ovrai l3a(Ti\60)<; cora, aparviroc rov AttoWcovlov,
TrpoeiTTCov ore pir)re rrpoaKvvelv ^ovXerai /jirjre n
dvOpcoTTO) eoLKev ol he d'yeiv KeXevovat rt/jicoird re
Kal /jLTjBev vPpei rrpdrrovra, iirel Be rjXdev, r)pero
avrov 6 7rpea0vraro<i 6 re fjuaOodv Kara^povr)aeLe
rov ^a(Tc\e(o<;, 6 Be ^' ovirco,^^ €(f>r], " Kare(j>p6pr]aay
" Kara^povqaeia^; B^ dv ; " irdXiv epofxevov, " vrj
Ar," elirev, *' rjv ye ^vyyevofievo^ /jli] kcCKov re Kal
ayaoov evpo) avrov. a7rayeL<; be or) nva avrtp
Bcopa ; " rov Be av rrjv re dvBpeiav Kal BiKaioavvr]v
Kal rd rocavra (f)^(Tavro<; " rrorepovT eiprj, " ax?
ovK e^ovrt ;^^ fid A/,' elirev, '* aXX' &)? /jLaOrj-
(T0/JL6vq) XP^l^^^^^V^ '^XV ^^'7"^?/' "Kal firjv ;^/3a)/x6i/09
rovroii^,^' e(f>')], " rrjv re /SacrtXeiav, rjv 6 pas, diro-
\a)\vlav avrS> dveXa^e, rov re oIkov erravr]yaye
rovrov, ovk dirovcof; ovBe paOvjicof;.^^ "iroarov Be
Brj rovro €ro<; rfj dvaKrrjOeiar] dpxfl '> " ** rpirov,^^
8o
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
the gate. But the satrap was - astonished, and cap.
followed him, and taking hold of his hand, he asked ^^^^^
him through an interpreter his name and his family
and what was his profession and why he came
thither ; and he wrote down the answers in a book
and also a description of his dress and appearance,
and ordered him to wait there.
XXVIII
But he himself ran off to the persons who are chap
known as the ^^ Ears of the King" and described ^^^^^^
ApoUonius to them, after first telling them both that S-fng"*^
he refused to do homage and that he was not the towards
^^ *-w~i flip CTG*\t
least like other men. They bade him bring him king
along, and show him respect without using any
violence ; and when he came the head of the
department asked him what induced him to flout
the king, and he answered : " I have not yet flouted
him." " But would you flout him } " was the next
question. " Why, of course I will," said ApoUonius,
" if on making his acquaintance I find him to be
neither honourable nor good." " Well, and what
presents do you bring for him ? " ApoUonius
answered afresh that he brought courage and justice
and so forth. " Do you mean," said the other, ^'^to
imply that the king lacks these qualities ? " " No,
indeed," he answered, "but I would fain teach him
to practise them, in case he possesses them." ^ And
surely it was by practising these qualities," said the
other, " that he has recovered the kingdom, which
you behold, after he had lost it, and has restored his
house, — no light task this nor easy." " And how
many years is it since he recovered his kingdom ? "
8i
VOL. I. O
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ^(f^V' " ap')(^6/jie6a, Suo 7]Srf irov firive^r avaaTrjaa<;
J\.)^\ III
ovv, wairep elcoOeu, ttjv yvco fir) v " w (TCOfiaTOcjivXa^,^'
euirev, " rj 6 tI ae irpoarjKet Kokelv, Aap€to<; 6 Ku-
pov Kol ^ApTa^ep^ov Trarrjp ra ^aaiXeia ravra
KaTaa-')(iu>v e^rjKovra, olfiaL, err] Xeyerai Te\evTT)v
v7ro7rT€vaa<; rvv ^iov rfj SiKatoavvrj Ovaat, koI
w oecnrotva, eiireiv, rj tl<; ttotc er coairep
eiriOvfjirjaa'^ fxev iraXai Ttjf; BtKaioavv7)(i, ovirco Be
avTTjv ytyi^coaKcov, ovSe So/ccov Ke/crP^aOac, to) TralSe
T€ ovTO)<; a/jLa6a)s iiracSevaev, &)? oirXa eir aWrfKov<i
apaaOai, koX o fiku rpwOr^vaL, o he airoOavelv viro
Tov erepov, cri) 5' rj^rj tovtov 'la(i3<; ovK ev rS ffa-
(TLXelq) Opovw KaOrjadac elSora ^vveiXr)(^evaL opLOv
Tracra? apera^ ^ovXec Koi eiraipeif; avrov aol
(f)ep(ov, ovK ifioi, KepSo<;, el IBeXricov yevoLToJ^
BXe^/ra? ovv 6 fidp/Sapof; €9 top ttXtjo-lov " epfxai-
ovT ^(t>V> " ^€a)^' Tt9 dyei tovtovI top dpSpa ipTavOa,
aya6o<; yap ^vyyepofMCvc^ ayaOu) ttoXXm ^eXTico
TOP ^aaiXea tjjullp a7ro<pavel koi aco(f)popeaT€pop
Kol rjSLCO, tuvtI yap StacpaLPeTai tov apBpo^.^^
ecreOeop ovv evo^yyeXc^o/Juepoc Trdacp, otl aprjp eirl
TaL<; /3a(TLXea)<; Oupai^ eaTrjKOi ao(f>6s re Kal^'YiXXrip
Kal ^vjjL^ovXo<i aya66<i.
82
LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK I
"This is the third year since/' answered the chap.
other, "which year began about two months ago." ^^^m
ApoUonius, then as was his custom, upheld his
opinion and went on : " O bodyguard, or whatever I
ought to call you, Darius the father of Cyrus and of
Artaxerxes was master of these palaces, I think, for
60 years, and he is said, when he felt that his end
was near at hand, to have offered a sacrifice to Justice
and to have addressed her thus : '^O lady mistress, or
whosoever thou art.' This shows that he had long
loved justice and desired her, but as yet knew her
not, nor deemed that he had won her ; and he brought
up his two sons so foolishly that they took up arms
against one another, and one was wounded and the
other killed by his fellow. Well, here is a king
who perhaps does not know that he is firmly seated
on the throne, and you would have me believe that
he combines already all virtues, and you extol him,
though, if he does turn out fairly good, it is you and
not I that will gain thereby. "
The barbarian then glanced at his neighbour and
said : " Here is a windfall ! 'tis one of the gods who
has brought this man here ; for as one good man
associating with another improves him, so he will
much improve our king, and render him more
temperate and more gracious ; for these qualities are
conspicuous in this man." They accordingly ran
into the palace and told everybody the good news,
that there stood at the king's gates a man who was
wise and a Hellene, and a good counsellor.
83
G 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XXIX
CAP. 'ETret Be too ^aatXel avyyyeXr) Tavra, erv^e fiev
XXIX /«/ / >«« / \\f\r»
uvcov TrapovTCOu avrw tmv ^aycov, ra yap lepa vir
iKeivoi<^ hpcLTat, KaXecraf; Be avTcop eva "iJKei, ' €(f)r),
" TO evVTTviov, BL7]yov/Jb7jv (TOt, Tr]/jiepov eiridKo-
7rov/jiev(p fie ev rfj evvfj. ' ovap Be dpa tw ^acrtXel
TOCovTov d(f)LKTO' iBoKec *ApTa^ep^t](; elvai o rov
'B^ep^ov Koi /jLed€(TTt]K€vaL e? eKelvov to elBo'^,
7repiBeo)<; re elx^j l^h ^9 jJLeTa^oXrjv y^Bt) Ta irpay-
fxaTa r^KT] avTw, e? tovto i^riyovfievw Ty]v jaeTa-
/9oX?)i/ Tov eLBov<;. eirel Be r^KOvaev "^iWrfva re
Kal ao(^ov elvai tov 7]/covTa, earjXdev avTov Se/jbi-
aTO/cXrj<; 6 ^ A07]vato<;, 09 (J-tto 'FiXXtjvcov TTore ijfccov
^vveyeveTO tm ^ApTa^ep^rj kol ttoWov a^tov
eicelvov re eTroLTjaev eavTov re 7rapecr)(^eT0. xai,
TTpOTdiva^ TJ)v Be^tav '* KoXec, ecfyr], " koI yap av
Kal ciTTO TOV KaWiaTov ap^aoTO ^vv6vaa<; re /cai
^ui>ev^d/jievo<i.
XXX
CAP. l^LcryeL jJbev Br) TrapaTrejjiirofxevo'^ vtto irXeiovcov,
■^^^ tovtI yap ojovto Kal tm f^acnXel '^api^eadai fjua-
OovTe^ 0)9 '^atpoL cKpiy/jLevw, Bcicov Be €9 to. ^aalXeia
ov BiepXe-y^ev 69 ovBev T(hv Oavfia^ofJievcov, dXX
Mcnrep oBonropojv Birjei avTci, Kat KaXeaa<; tov
AdfiLv *' 7]pov /ze," ecj)!], " 7rpQ)7)v, 6 tl opofia r)V Tjj
Jla/jL(f)vXo) yvvaiKi, 7) Brj Aair^ol Te ojiiXriaai,
84
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
XXIX
When these tidings were brought to the king, he chap.
happened to be sacrificing in company with the ^ "
Magi, for reUgioiis rites are perforaied under their wefcomfs
supervision. And he called one of them and said : ^^^ ^s a
^^ The dream is come true, which I narrated to you Themist©-
to-day when you visited me in my bed." Now the ^^^^
dream which the king had dreamed was as follows : he
thought that he was Artaxerxes, the son of Xerxes,
and that he had altered and assumed the latter's
form ; and he was very much afraid lest some change
should come over the face of his affairs, for so he
interpreted his change of appearance. But when he
heard that it was a Hellene, and a wise man, that
had come, he remembered about Themistocles of
Athens, who had once come from Greece and had
lived with Artaxerxes, and had not only held the
king in singular esteem, but had made himself
equally esteemed by him. So he held out his right
hand and said : " Call him in, for it will make the
best of beginnings, if he will join with me in my
sacrifice and prayer."
XXX
Accordingly ApoUonius entered escorted by a chap.
number of people, for they had learnt that the king ^^^
was pleased with the new comer and thought that ^^eJJsibi?
this would gratify him ; but as he passed into the to the
palace, he did not glance at anything that others splendours
admired, but he passed them by as if he was still
travelling along the high-road, and calling Damis to
him he said ; ^- You asked me yesterday what
85
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Xeyerac koX tov^ v/jlvov(;, ov<; e? ttjv "Kprefjuv tt]v
Uepyaiav aSovac, ^vvdelvat rov AioXecov re koI
Tla/jL(f)i>\cov rpoTTOv/ " iQpo/jurjv, €(f)rj, "to Se
ovofia ovfc elTra?." " ovk, (o ^(^prjaTe, elTrov, dX)C
€^rjyovfir)v aot tov<; vo/jlov<; tmv vjjlvwv kul ra
ovo/jLara, koX oirrj ra AioXecov e? to aKporarov re
Kol TO iScov TlafM(f)vX(ov TrapijXXa^e' 7r/5o? dXXw
fjL€Ta TavTa iyevopieOa, koX oviceT rjpov fie irepl tov
ovofxaTO^' KaXetTat tolvvv rj ao(f)r) avTrj Aa/uLocfyvXr),
Kal XeyeTai tov ZuTTcfyov^ Tpoirov 7rapOevov<; re
6fiLXr]TpLa<; KTtjaaaOac iroirjfiaTd Te ^vvOelvac to.
fiev epcoTLKa, tcl 8e vfivov<^. tcl tol e? tijv *'ApT€/jLiv
Kal TrapcoBrjTai, avTrj /cal cnro tojv %a7r(f)a)0)v
rjoTTai.^' oaov fJiev St] direlye tov eKireTrXrj'^dai
jBaaiXea Te Kal oyKov, iS'qXov tm /jUTjSe 6(j)6aXfjLO)v
d^ta rjyeladat to, TotavTa, dXXd eTepcov irepc
hiaXeyeaOat KCLKelva B^ttov ov')( rjyeladat opdv.
XXXI
CAP. UpoiSajv Se 6 ^aaiXev<; TrpoortovTa, Kal yap tc
Kal /jLrJKO^ T) TOV lepov avXr) eZ;^€, SteXaXijo-e re
7r/309 Tou<; iyyix;, olov dvayiyvoocrKWv tov dvhpa,
TrXrjaiOv re rJSr; ytyvofievov fieya dvaPorjaa^iy
- ovto(;,'^ €(j)r}, *' 6 ^A7roXXo)vto<;, ov Meya^ar?/? o
86
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
was the name of the PamphyHan Avomaii who is chap.
said to have been intimate with Sappho, and to ^^^
have composed the hymns which they sing in
honour of Artemis of Perga, in the Aeohan and
PamphyHan modes." " Yes, I did ask you/' said
Damis, '^ but you did not tell me her name." "1
did not tell you it, my good fellow, but I explained
to you about the keys in which the hymns are
written, and I told you their names ; and how the
Aeolian strains were altered into the highest key of
all, that which is peculiar to the Pamphylians. After
that we turned to another subject, for you did not
ask me again about the name of the lady. Well, she
is called, — this clever lady is, — Damophyle, and she
is said, like Sappho, to have had girl friends and
to have composed poems, some of which were love-
songs and others hymns. The particular hymn to
Artemis was transposed by her, and has been sung
by the following of Sappho." How far then he
was from being astonished at the king and his pomp
and ceremony, he showed by the fact that he did
not think such things worth looking at, but went
on talking about other things, as if he did* not
think the palace worth a glance.
XXXI
Now the king caught sight of him approaching, chap.
for the vestibule of the Temple was of considerable
length, and insisted to those by him that he attend "the
recognised the sage : and when he came still nearer ^^"?'|
he cried out with a loud voice and said : " This is of a horse
Apollonius, whom Megabates, my brother, said he
87
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. i/jbo<; aB€\(f)0(; ISelv ev ^ Avrio'^ela cfy'ijal Oavfjua^o-
fJLevov T€ Kol TrpoaKWovfJuevov viro tmv airovSaicov,
Kol aire^wy patriae /iol tot€ tolovtov avrov,
6iTolo<; rjKei.^^ irpoaekOovra he Kal daTraaa/jievov
TrpoaeiTre re o ^aaCkei)^ cf)Ci>i>fj ^KWdSt, Koi 3?;
eKekevae Ovecv fier avrov' \evfc6v Se dpa Tttitov
TMV €r(f)6Spa l^Lcraioov KaraOvaetv e/ieWe tg5
'HXtft) <pa\dpoi<; KocrfjLrjaa^, oidirep e? 7rojuL7rt]v,
6 3' VTToXa^cov " av fxev, w ^aaiXev, 6vej" ecj)!],
- Tov aauTOV rpovrov, ejJLol he ^vy^copyjaov Oucrai
Tov e/jiavrov' " Kal 8pa^d/jLevo<=; tov \i/3av(OTov,
""HXte," ecf^Tj, " TrefiTre /xe e^' oaov ttJ^ 7779 e/jLoi
T€ Kal (Tol BoKel, Kal yiyvcocTKOtfic dvhpa^ dyaOov<^,
(f)av\ov<; Se fjbrjTe iyco /jidOoL/jLi firjre ifie (^aOXoi."
Kal elirojv ravra tov Xc/3av(OTov e? to Trvp i]Kev,
eTTLaKey^dixevo^ he avTo ott?; hiaviaTaTai Kal oTrrj
OoXovTau, Kal oirocrai^ Kopvcfyal^; arret, Kal ttov Kal
ecfyaTTTo/jLevof; tov 7rvp6<;, oirrj evarj/jiov re Kal
KaOapov (paivocTo " dve,^' e0^, *' Xolttov, o) jSacnXev,
KaTCL TOL aavTOV iraTpca, to, yap TraTpca Tafid
TotavTa"
XXXII
CAP, Kat dve)(ci)p7]ae r?;? Ovala^, &>? fjurj KOivcovoiyj tov
XXXII r/ ^ s^^ ^ z) ' '^^ £» ' << "»
aLfutTO^;. jjueTa be ttjv uvaiav TrpoarjXue Kat w
/BaaiXev, ' e(f)rj, " Tr)v (f)(ovr)v ttjv 'EXXdSa iraaap
yLypcoaKec^, rj (T/jbLKpd avTrj<^ virep tov ev^vfi^oXov
tcra)9 Kal TOV /A?) dr]hr}<; hoKelv, et rt? d<piKoiTO
LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK I
saw in Antioch^ the admired and resj^ected of serious chap.
]ieople ; and he depicted him to me at that time just ^^^^
such a man as now comes to us." And when
Apollonius approached and saluted him^ the king
addressed him in the Greek language and invited
him to sacrifice with him ; and it chanced that he was
on the point of sacrificing to the Sun as a victim a
horse of the true Nisaean breeds which he had adorned
with trappings as if for a triumphal procession.
But Apollonius replied : " Do you^ O king^ go on
with your sacrifice, in your own way, but permit me
to sacrifice in mine." And he took up a handful of
frankincense and said : " O thou Sun, send me as
far over the earth as is my pleasure and thine, and
may I make the acquaintance of good men, but never
liear anything of bad ones, nor they of me. ' And
with these words he threw the frankincense into the
fire, and watched to see how the smoke of it curled
upwards, and how it grew turbid, and in how many
points it shot up ; and in a manner he caught the
meaning of the fire, and watched how it appeared of
good omen and pure. Then he said : " Now, O
king, go on with your sacrifice in accordance with
your own traditions, for my traditions are such as
you see."
XXXII
And he quitted the scene of sacrifice in order not chap.
to be present at the shedding of blood. But after ^^^^^
the sacrifice was over he approached and said : " O hReif- ^
king, do you know the Greek tongue thoroughly, discipline
or have you a smattering of it perhaps, in order
to be able to express yourself and appear polite in
89
FLAVaUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. EWtiv ; " *' Trdaav,^' elirev, " laa r^ iyyoopia)
TavTTj, Kol Xiye b rt jSovXei, Sta tovto yap irov
€pcoTa<;' ooa tovto, ecprj, jcau aKove' rj fiev
op^r) jjbOL T^}? aTrohrj^ia^; ^IvSol elac, Trapekdecv Be
ovS^ v/jLd<; i/3ov\7]07]v, ae re aKovcov avBpa, olov ej
6vv^o(; r^hr] opw, aocfylav re, ijirep vjuv iaTiv
i7n')((opco<; fieKeTco/bievrj fidyot.<; avhpdaL, KaTihelv
Beofievo^, el to, Oela, co? XeyovTat, o'0(j>oi elar
ao(f)La 8e ifiol UvOayopov %ajjiiov dvSp6<;, 09 Oeov<;
re Oepaireveiv coSe fie ehihd^aTo, koI ^vvtevat acpMu
6po)/jievcov Te /cal ov-^ opco/jievcov, ^oltolv re e?
hioke^LV 6eo)Vy /cat yrjlvcp tovto) epicp ecrTaXOai,
ov yap irpo^aTov eire'^Or], aX)C dKt]paTO<; cLKrjpd-
Tcov <f)V€Tai, uSaTO^; Te Kal yrj<; Baypa, oOovr]' Kal
avTO Be TO dveTOV t?}? KOfJbrj^ e/c TVvOayopov eTrrj-
<jK7jaa, Kal to KaOapevetv ^(oov l3opd<^ eK tt}?
e/celvov jmol croc^ta? rjKet. ^v/iiTroTr}^ fiev 8r} Kal
KOLV(t)vb<i paaTCOVT]^ rj Tpv^rj^ ovt* av aoL yevoLfjLrjv
ovT dv eTepcp ovBevi, (ppovTiBcov Be diropcov re Kal
BvaevpeTCOv Bolrjv dv \v(Tei<^, ov ycyvaxTKCOv ra
irpaKTea fiovov, d\Xa Kal irpoycyvcoaKcovy TavTa
Ad/jbL<; jxev Bia\e')(jdrjvai (^rfcn tov dvBpa, 'AttoX-
\d)VLO<i Be einaToXrjV avTa TreiTOirjTat, iroWd Be
Kal dWa TMV eaVTO) e? BcdXe^cv elpTjfjievcov e?
e7rcaTo\d<; dveTVircocraTo.
90
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
case any Greek arrives ? " ^^ I know it thoroughly/' chap.
replied the king, " as well as I do my native ^^^^^
language ; so say you what you like, for this I
suppose is the reason why you put the question to
me." " It was my reason/' said the other ; so
listen. The goal of my voyage is India, but I had
no intention of passing you by ; for I heard that
vou were such a man as from a slight acquaintance I
already perceive you to be, and was desirous also of
examining the wisdom which is indigenous among
you and is cultivated by the Magi, and of finding
out whether they are such wise theologians as they
are reported to be. Now my own system of wisdom
is that of Pythagoras, a man of Samos, who taught
me to M'orship the gods in the way you sep, and to
be aware of them whether they are seen or not seen,
and to be frequent in my converse with them, and to
dress myself in this land-wool ; for it was never worn
by sheep, but is the spotless product of spotless
parents, the gift of water and of earth, namely
linen. And the verv fashion of letting; mv hair
grow long, I have learnt from P}i:hagoras as part of
his discipline, and also it is a result of his wisdom
that I keep myself pure from animal food. I cannot
therefore become either for you or for anybody else
a companion in drinking or an associate in idleness
and luxury ; but if you have problems of conduct
that are difficult and hard to settle, I will furnish you
with solutions, for I not only know matters of
practice and duty, but I even know them beforehand."
Such w^as the conversation which Damis declares the
sage to have held ; and Apollonius himself composed
a letter containing them, and has sketched out in his
epistles much else of what he said in conversation.
91
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XXXIII
CAP. 'Evret Be 'xaipecv 6 /Sao-cXev^ €(j)r] koX aydWeaOac
rjKovrc /jLoWov, rj et ra Tlepacov koI ^IvBcov 7rpos
T0t9 ovaiv avTO) eKTrjaaro, ^evov re iroieladai, koX
Koivoovov T^9 jSao-cXeiov aT€yr}<;, el eyco ae, o)
jBaatXev,^^ elTrev, " e? TrarpiBa r-qv efirjv Tvava
TjKovTa r]^iovv otKelv ov iyco, oiKijcrac av rjpa^ ; "
- fjba At V' elirev, *' el fiTj roaavTrjv ye oIkluv oIktj-
aetv ejxeWov, oTToarjv Sopv(f)6pov<; re koI acofiaro-
(f)vXaKa<; ifjLOV^; avrov re e/jue \afji7rpoj<=; Se^aaOat.^^
" 6 auTo? ovv,^^ e(f)r}, " koI irap e/juov \6yo<;' el yap
virep efiavTOV oIk7](7(o, Trovrjpco^ BiacTTjaofiat, to
yap virep/SdWov Xvirel tov<; o-ocf)ov<; /xdWov rj
t'/xa? TO eWeiTTov ^evo^erco [xe ovv lSL(orr]<i e'^^cov
OTToaa eyoo, crol Be e^co ^vvecrofxai oiroaa fiovXec.^^
^vve^copeo 6 I3acn\ev<;, &)? fir] drjBe^ rt avro)
XdOoc TTpd^a^, Koi tpKijae irap dvSpl l^afivXcovLO)
'y^prjarw re Kal aX\a)<; yevvaiw. SecTrvovvTt Be
rjBrj evvov')(o^ e(^i<TTaraL tmv Ta<; dyye\la<; Bia-
(j)ep6vTcov, fcal irpoaeiTrcov tov avBpa ** /3acrt\et'9,"
e0t;, ** Bcdpelrai ae Be/ca Bo)p€at<^ /cat Trotecrai Kvptov
TOV eTrayyelXat avTd<;, BeiTai Be aov fir] ficKpd
alTrjaai, fieya\o(f>poavvr]v yap evBei^aaOai aoi re
Kal r)filv ^ovXeTat.'^ eiraLvecra's Be ttjp eTrayyeXlav
TTore ovv ')(pr] aiTetv ; r]peTO, o oe avpiov, ecpr],
Kal cifia e(j)olT7](7e irapa irdvTas tov? ^a<TLXe(o<^
92
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
XXXIII
Since the kinfi; said that he was more pleased and chap.
delighted with his arrival than if he had added to
his own possessions the wealth of Persia and India, lodge^ln the
and added that Apollonius must be his guest and palace
share with him the royal roof, Apollonius remarked :
"^ Supposing, O king, that you came to my country
of Tyana and I invited you to live where I live,
would you care to do so ? " " Why no," answered
the king, ^' unless I had a house to live in that was
big enough to accommodate not only my escort and
bodyguard, but myself as well, in a handsome
manner." "^ Then," said the other, "1 may use the
same argument to you ; for if I am housed above my
rank, I shall live ill at ease, for superfluity distresses
wise men more than deficiency distresses you. Let
me therefore be entertained by some private person
who has the same means as myself, and I will visit
with you as often as you like." The king conceded
this point, lest he should be betrayed into doing
anything that might annoy him, and Apollonius
took up his quarters with a gentleman of Babylon
of good character and besides high-minded. But
])efore he had finished dinner one of the eunuchs
who carry messages presented himself and addressed
him thus : " The king," he said, " bestows upon you
ten presents, and leaves you free to name them ;
but he is anxious that you should not ask for small
trifles, for he wishes to exhibit to you and to us his
generosity." Apollonius commended the message,
and asked : "Then when am I to ask for them?"
And the messenger replied : " To-morrow," and at
once went off to all the king's friends and kinsmen
93
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. (J)lXov<=; t€ koX ^vyyevel's, irapelvat Kekevwv aiTovvn
Kai TLfxco/jL6VO) r(p avopi. <pr)cn oe o ila/jLt<i ^vvievat
fiev, OTL jjLT^hev alrrjaoLy top t6 rpoirov avrov
Ka06(i)paK(o<; koI €lSa)<; 6u')(^6/jLepov rol^ Oeol^ ^^XV^
Toiavrrfv' " o) 6eoi, SoLr]T€ /xoc puKpa e^j^LV KOb
helaOau fjLr]S€v6<;.^^ i(f)e(7T7]K6ra fievroc opcov kuI
evdvixovfievcp ofxoLov oteaOai &)? alnjcroc fiev,
/Saaavi^oc Se, 6 re /jLeXXec alryjaeiv. 6 8e ecr7repa<^
7]Sr) "m Aa/xi/' ecpT], " Oecopco Trpo? ifiavrov, e'f
OTOV TTore ol ^dp/3apoc Tov<i evvovxov^ aocx^pova^
rjyovvTai kol e? to.? yvvaiKCOVLTtha^; iadyovrai.
" dWd TovToT €(1)7), " 0) ^AttoWcovlc, koX TratSl
BrjXov iireiSr) yap /; rofjur] rb ci(f>poStaLd^€iv
d(f)aLpeLTai a^d'^^ dvelvTai a(f)iaLi> at yvvai/ccovL-
Tf3e9, Kav ^vyKaOevheiv ral'^ yvvai^l jBovKcovrai.
" TO he ipdv elirevy " t) to ^vyyiyveaOaL yvvat^lv
€KT€T/jir](TuaL avTov<; OL€i ; aficpco, €(pr), et yap
cr^eaOelr] to /loptov i/</)' ov SioiaTpecTac to aMfia,
ovo av TO epav eireXuoi ovoevi. o oe ppa^v
eiTioy^div avpiovy equr), co iXafii, /jLaaoi<; av, otl
Kal €vvov)(^oi ipMcrc Kal to iircOufjLrjTifCov, oirep
iadyovTat Std tcov ocpOaX/xoov, ov/c aTroixapaiveTai
(T(j)(jt)V, dXX' e/ji/jLev€t 6ep/x6v tc Kal ^coirvpov. Sec
ydp TL irepLTTeaelv, b tov aov eXey^ec Xoyov. el
Be Kal Te^vT) rt? rjv dvOpanreta Tvpavv6<; re Kal
SvvaTT) TO, TocavTa i^wOelv t?}? yvcofjn^^;, ovk dv
fioL SoKco Tovs evvov')(ov^ iroTe 69 Ta tcov aoxppo-
vovvTCOv rjOrj Trpoaypdyjrat, KaT^jvayKacr fxevov^ ttjv
94
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
and bade them be present when the sage should chap.
prefer his demand and receive the honour. But ^^^^^^
Damis says that he expected him to ask for nothings
because he had studied his character and knew that
he offered to the gods the following prayer : " O ye His form
gods, grant unto me to have little and to want ° p^^®^
nothing." However, as he saw him much pre-
occupied and, as it were, brooding, he determined
that he was going to ask and was anxiously turning
over in his mind, what he should ask. But at
eventide : " Damis," said Apollonius, " I am thinking Discusses
over with myself the question of why the barbarians wnh^Daii?/s
have regarded eunuchs as men sufficiently chaste to
be allowed the free entry of the women's
apartments." '^'^ But," answered the other, "O
Apollonius, a child could tell you. For inasmuch as
the operation has deprived them of the faculty, they
are freely admitted into those apartments, no matter
how far their wishes may go." ^' But do you suppose
the operation has removed their desires or the further
aptitude?" "Both," replied Damis, "for if you
extinguish in a man the unruly member that lashes
the body to madness, the fit of passion will come on
him no more." After a brief pause, Apollonius
said : " To-morrow, Damis, you shall learn that
even eunuchs are liable to fall in love, and that
the desire which is contracted through the eyes
is not extinguished in them, but abides alive and
ready to burst into a flame ; for that will occur
which will refute your opinion. And even if there
were really any human art of such tyrannic force
that it could expel such feelings from the heart, I
do not see how we could ever attribute to them any
chastity of character, seeing that they would have
95
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. (T(o^poavv7]v KoX /Staio) rex^r) e? to fiy ipdv
rj'yiievov'^. acocppocrvPTj yap to opeyopuevov re koI
oppLMVTa pLT] rjTTdaOac dcppoSco-icov, aXX' aTre^eo-^at
Kol KpeiTT(D (j)alv€aOaL t/}9 \vTTr](; ravrrji;.^*
VTToXa^cbv ovv o Ad/jLL<; " ravra puev koX avdi<;
e7ricrKe'\\r6pLe6ay ecprj, " o) ^ATToXkcovie, d Be ')(pr]
diroKpivacrOai aupiov Trpo^; ttjv tov ^acrc\eco<i
eTrayyeXiav XafiTrpdv ovaav Bi€(7Ke(^dai irpoarjKei.
aLr7](T€L<; fxev yap ia(o<; ovBef, to S^ otto)? dv p.rj
dW(p, (j^acTL, Tvcfxp irapaLTelaOaL hoKOirj<^, direp dv
o /BacriXev'i StSo), tovto opa Kal (puXdrrov avro,
opcov ol T/}? yrj<; el Kal on eir avTw KeipieOa. hel
8e (fivXarreaOai Bia^oXd^;, co? vTrepoy^ia '^pcopuevov,
ytyvcoaKeiv re &)? vvv fiev icpoBid iarcv rjficv oiroaa
69 'Iz^Sou? irepL^^at, eiraviovaL Be eKeWev ovr dv
diro'^prjaai ravra, yevoiro Be ovk dv erepa.'^
XXXIV
CAP. Kal TOidBe yTTeSaXirev avrov re'^vr), /ir) dira^LO)-
XXXIV 'v/^'^ <■/ c^c^' 'c^v'i -\-\' f
crai Xapeiv, o tl ocooir}, o oe ATroWcovto^; coairep
^vXXapLJBdvcov avrco tov Xoyov " TrapaBeiypidToyv
8e/' elirev, " w Ad/jbi, dfjueXijaec^ ; ev ol<; eartv, 009
Al(7')(ivri<i piev 6 TOV Avaraviov irapd ALovvaiov e9
Si/ceXuav vTrep ')(^pr]pLdT(t)v (p)(^6T0, TLXaTcov Be Tpl^;
dvapi€Tp7Jcrai, XeyeTai ttjv ^dpv/3Bcv virep ttXovtov
%iKeXtKOv,^ Api<TTi'TrTro<^ Be 6 Kvp7]vaL0<; KaVKXiKcov
6 eK K.v^LKov Kal ^vtcov, 6t e^evyev, 6 V7jylvo<;,
96
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 1
no choice, having been by sheer force and artificially chap.
deprived of the faculty of falling in love. For ^^^^^^
tliastity consists in not yielding to passion when the
longing and impulse is felt, and in the abstinence
which rises superior to this form of madness."
Accordingly Damis answered and said : Here is a
thing that we will examine another time, O
Apollonius ; but we had better consider now what
answer you can make to-morrow to the king's
magnificent offer. For you will perhaps ask for
nothing at all, but you should be careful and be on
your guard lest you should seem to decline any gift
the king may offer, as they say, out of mere empty
pride, for you see the land that you are in and that
we are wholly in his power. And you must be on
your guard against the accusation of treating him
with contempt, and understand, that although we
have sufficient means to carry us to India, yet what
we have will not be sufficient to bring us back
thence, and we have no other supply to fall back
upon."
XXXIV
And by such devices he tried to wheedle Apollonius chap.
into not refusing to take ami;hing he might be offered ; ^^^i^
but Apollonius, by way of assisting him in his argu- ^^f^f^^
nient, said: " But, O Damis, are you not going to give gifts/and
1 -> T J- * 1 -J.! rebukes
me some examples r L,et me supply you witii some : Damis
Aeschines, the son of Lysanias, went off to Dionvsius foriiis
in Sicily in quest of money, and Plato is said thrice
to have traversed Charybdis in quest of the wealth
of Sicily, and Aristippus of Cyrene, and Helicon of
Cyzicus, and Phyton of Rhegium, when he was in
97
VOL. I, H
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ovTco Ti €9 Tovf; /S^tovvaLOv KareSvaav Oriaavpov^i,
XXXIV
fo)9 fxo'yL^ dvaa')(elv eKeWev, Koi /jLtjv koI rov
KviStov (^aaiv EvSo^ov, 69 AiyvTrrov irore dcjiLKo-
ixevov, virep '^^prj/jbdrcov re OfioXoyelv rjK€iv koX
SiaXejeaOac rw /SaaiXec virep rovrov, koI iva /xrj
TrXetof? BLa^dWo), %7r€vai7r7rov rov ^AOrjvacov
ovTQ) Ti ipaai'X^prj [larov yevkaOai cj)aaiv, &)? eVt
rov K.acrdv8pov yd/juov 6? M.afC€8oviav Ka)/jbdaai
iroLTjixaTa '^v')(^pd ^vvOevra, kov oTj/ioaia ravO*
virep ')(^pr]/jLdTcov dcrai. iyo) Be T^yov/jLat, w Ad/jii,
TOP dvhpa rov ao<pov TrXeio) /ccvSvvevetv rj ol irXeov-
Te9 T€ KoX ^vv oifkoi^ p.ayoyi.evoLy (f)d6vo<; yap eir
avTov (TTel')(€t, KoX cnoaiTOiVTa kol <f) 6 eyy 6 fxevov,
fcal ^vvreivovTa kol dvuevra, kclv irapeXOr} tl
Kav IT poaeXOrj rw, kclv irpocreiirr) kclv fir) irpoaei'iTr).
Sec Be 7re(f)pd'^6ai rov dvSpa, ycyvctXTKecv re fo)9
dpyla'^ fiev r)Trr]6eL<i o cFO(f)o<; rj X^^V*^ V ^P^to<;
rj (^CkoTroaia^, t) eroLfioTepov tl tov fcaopov irpd^a^;,
/'o-&>9 dv Kol ^vyyvd)/jL7]v ^epoiro, XPVI^^^^ ^^ vtto-
6e\<; eavTov ovr dv ^vyy tvcocrKocTo kol fiicrolT
dv, fo)9 oyLtoO 7rdaa<i KaKia^; (TVV6iX'r](f)Cti<;' fir) yap
dv r)TTr}6rjvai ^/OT^/xaTCOi^ avrov, el /irj yacnpo^
riTTr)TO Kal dfnrexovrjf; /cal otvov Kal rod 69
eraipa^ (^epeaOai. crv K taco<; rjyi] rb ev ^a^vXcjvL
dfiaprelv rjrrov elvac tov 'AOrjvrjo-tv rj ^0\v/jl-
irlaaiv rj TLvOol, kol ovk evdv/jufj otl ao(f>a> dvBpl
'EXXa9 TrdvTa, /cal ovSev epr}/jL0v rj ^dp^apov
Xc^p^ov ovTe rjyrjcreTai o oro(f)6(i ovTe voficec, ^cov
ye VTTO T0Z9 T7}9 a/36T^9 6<f)6a\/jLol<i, Kal jSXeTrec
98
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 1
exile, buried their noses so deep in the treasure- chap.
houses of Dionysius, that they could barely tear ^^^^^
tlieniselves away. Moreover they tell of how
Kudoxus of Cnidus once arrived in Egyj)t and
both admitted that he had come there in quest
of money, and conversed with the kuig about
the matter. And not to take awav more characters,
they say that Speusippus, the Athenian, was so fond
of money, that he recited festal songs, when he
reached Macedonia, in honour of Cassander's marriage,
which were frigid compositions, and that he sang
tliese songs in public for the sake of money. Well, I
think, O Damis, that a wise man runs more risk
than do sailors and soldiers in action, for envy is ever
assailing him, whether he holds his tongue or speaks,
whether he exerts himself or is idle, whether he
jiasses by anything or takes care to visit anyone,
whether he addresses others or neglects to address
tliem. And so a man must fortify himself and under-
stand that a wise man who yields to laziness or anger
or passion, or love of drink, or who commits any other
action prompted by impulse and inopportune, will
probably find his fault condoned ; but if he stoops to
greed, he will not be pardoned, but render himself
odious as a combination of all vices at once. For
surely they will not allow that he could be the slave
of money, unless he was already the slave of his
stomach or of fine raiment or of wine or of riotous
living. But you perhaps imagine that it is a lesser
thing to go wrong in Babylon than to go wrong at
Athens or at the Olympian or Pythian games ; and
you do not reflect that a wise man finds Hellas
everywhere, and that a sage will not regard or
consider any pl^e^^to be a desert or barbarous,
'^ "^-- -^ '
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. aev oXi'fyof 9 tmv dvOpco'Trayv, fivploL^ 8' 6/ji/jLaaiv
avTo<=; opdrat. el Be fcal aOXrjrfj ^vvrjcrOa tovtcov
TLvi, 0) Aci/jLL, oc TraXaieiv re koI TrayKpand^etv
daKovaLV, dpa av r)^iov<; avTov, el puev ^OXv/uuTna
dycovi^otro Koi e? ^ApfcaBiav toe, yevvalov re /cat
ajauov eivai, kul vrj Z\t , et ilvuia ayotro rj
NefMea, eirLfjieXelaOai tov (KOfiaTo^, eTreihrj ^avepol
01 dycove^i fcal rd ardhia ev aTrovSauw rrj^;
'EX\aSo9, el Se Ovoi ^iKlttito^ ^OXvfiTna TroXe^?
r)pr)K(*i^, rj 6 tovtov Trat? ^AXe^avSpo^^ eirl ral^
eavTov ViKai^ dyo)va dyou, '^elpov rjSr) irapaaKevd-
^etv TO aM/jua Koi fir) (j)LXoviKo^<^ e')(eLV, eTrecSr] ev
'OXvv6(x> dywvLelTac rj M.aKeSovLa rj AlyvTrro),
dXXd fiT] ev 'FjXXrjcro koL aTaSiot<; T0t9 eKec ; " viro
/lev Brj TO)V Xoycov tovtcov 6 Ad/jLC<; ovtco BiareOfj-
vai (f)rjcrcv, &)? ^vyKaXv^jrac^6aL re e<^' 0I9 avTo<;
elprj/c(b<; eVf^e, irapaiTelaOai re tov ^ KttoXXwvlov
^vyyvcofjbrjv avT(p e')(eLV, el jir/iroa KaTavevor/Koa^
avTov e? ^v/jL^ovXiav re koX TretOcb rotavrrjv
Mp/jLrjcrev. o Be dvaXa/i/3dvcov avrov *' Odppec,^^
e(f)r], " ov yap eTriirXri^LV Trowu/juevo^;, dXXd rovfiov
v7roypd(f)(i)v aoL ravra elirov,^^
100
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
because he^ at any rate^ lives under the eyes of chap.
virtue, and although he only sees a few men, yet he ^^^^^
is himself looked at by ten thousand eyes. Now if
you came across an athlete, Damis, one of those who
practise and train themselves in wrestling and box-
ing, surely you would require him, in case he were
contending in the Olympic games, or went to
Arcadia, to be both noble in character and good ;
nay more, if the Pythian or Nemean contest were
going on, you would require him to take care. of his
physique, because these arenas and race-courses are
well known and held in respect by Hellas ; would you
then, if Philip were sacrificing with Olympic rites
after capturing certain cities, or if his son Alexander
were holding games to celebrate his victories, tell the
man forthwith to neglect the training of his body
and to leave off being keen to win, because the
contest was to be held in Olynthus or in Macedonia
or in Egypt, rather than among the Hellenes, and
on your native race-courses ? " These then were
the arguments by which Damis declares that he
was so impressed as to blush at what he had said,
and to ask Aj)ollonius to pardon him for having
through imperfect acquaintance with him, ventured
to tender him such advice, and use such arguments.
But the sage caught him up and said: "^ Never mind,
for it was not by way of rebuking and humbling you
that I spoke thus, but in order to give you some
idea of my own point of view."
lOl
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XXXV
XXXV ^■^^t'fco/jievov Be rod evvov^ov Kal Ka\ovvTO<;
avTov irapa rov jSaaiXea " ac^l^ofiai,^' elirev,
- iireiBav ra tt/oo? tou? Oeov^; ev jxol e')(r).^ dva-a<;
ovv KoX €v^dfjbevo^ airriei, 7repc^X67ro/jL6v6<; re koI
Oavjjba^ofjLevo^ rov o-'^^rjiiaTO^. co? 8e eorw 7rapr]\0€,
" SlSco/jLL aoi^^ ecj)?] 6 ^aacXev^, " BeKa Bwped^,
dvBpa (76 r}<yoviJi€vo<;, olo<^ ovtto) rt? diro '^W-^vcov
Bevp' r]\6evr 6 Be viroXaffcov " ov Tratra?/' elirev,
" CO ffaaiXev, Trapairtjaofjiat, fxiav Be, rjv dvrl
ttoXXmv BeKaBcov aipov/juac, 7rpodv/jLfo<; alrojcra) • "
fcat ajjua rov irepl tmv Rperptecov BLrjXde Xoyov,
dvaXa/Scov citto tov AartSo?. " alrco ovv^ €(f)7],
- ' fit] TTepiKOTTTeaOat tou? dOXiov^; rovrov; tmv
opucov re /cal rov Xo<pov, dXXa vefieadat a(f)d<^
/jLerpop rrj<; yrj^i, o Aapeto^ evofjuLae, Beivov ydp, el
rr}? avTcov eKireaovTe^ ixr)B^ tjv dvr eKeuvrjf; €')(ovcnv,
e^ovaiv^ ^vvriOe/jievof; ovv 6 ^aatX€v<; " ^Kpe-
rpiel<;, elirev, " e? fjiev rr^v ;\;^e9 rjfiepav ifiov re
TToXe/jLLoi Kol irarepcov e/xcov rjaav, eireiBri ottXcov
TTore ecf)' rjfjbd'; rjp^av, kol irapecopcovro, fo)9 to
y6vo<; avTcov d^avLaOeir], Xolttov Be ^iXot re
dvayeypd'^jrovrat Kal aarpairevaet avrcov dvrjp
dyaOo^, 09 Bt/caLOoaet rrjv 'yoipav. rd(; Be evvea
B(jL>ped<^,^^ €(f)rj, Bid ri ov Xij-yfrr] ; " "on, m ^aaiXev,'^
elirev, " oviro) (piXov*; evrav6a eKrrjcrd/jLrjv. '^ avr6<;
Ip2
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
XXXV
Now when the eunuch arrived and summoned him chap.
before the king, he said : I will come as soon as I xxxv
have duly discharged my religious duties." Accord- P^ercede«»
ingly he sacrificed and offered his prayer, and then with the
departed, and everyone looked at him and wondered behalf"
at his bearing. And when he had come within, of the
the king said : " I present you with ten gifts,
because I consider you such a man as never before
has come hither from Hellas." And he answered
and said : " I will not, O king, decline all your gifts ;
but there is one which I prefer to many tens of
gifts, and for that I will most eagerly solicit."
And he at once told the story of the Eretrians,
beginning it from the time of Datis. " I ask then,"
he said, " that these poor people should not be driven
away from their borders and from the hill, but
should be left to cultivate the span of earth, which
Darius allowed them ; for it is very hard if they are
not to be allowed to retain the land which was
substituted for their own when they were driven out
of the latter." The king then consented and said :
'^'^The Eretrians were, until yesterday, the enemies
of myself and of my fathers ; for they once took up
arms against us, and they have been neglected in
order that their race might perish ; but henceforth
they shall be written among my friends, and they
shall have, as a satrap, a good man who will judge
their country justly. But why," he said, "will you
not accept the other nine gifts ? " " Because," he
answered, " I have not yet, O king, made any friends
103
FLAVILS PHILOSTRATUS
XXXV
CAP. Be ovBevo^ ^^?7"/ (^r}(TavTO<;' *' tmv ye rpayr)-
/jbdrayv,'^ ecpij, " /cal tmv aprcov, a fie ^8ea)9 Te kul
XXXVI
CAP. Tocavra 8?; \a\ovvTcov irpo'^ aXX7]\ov<;, fcpavyr]
XXXVI '^ o ■\ ' 'j-j' \
Tcov pacTLXeiwv e^ecpoLrrjaev evvovywv Kai yvvai-
KMV afxa' etX^-jino he dpa evvov'^6<; t^? eVl pna
TMV rod ^aaiXe(o<i iroKXatcchv ^vy/caTaKei/jLev6<^ re
Kol oiroaa ol p,OL')(ol Trpdrrcov, koI rjyov avrov ol
cifji(j)l rrjv yvvaiKcovcTLV eTnairwvTe^; r?)? Kofjurj^;^ ov
8r) dyovrat rpoirov ol fiaai\eo)<; SovXoi,. eirel he
Trpea/SjjTaro'^ tmv €UVOV)(cov epcovra fiev rri^
yvvaiKO'^ TToXac yaOrjcrOaL ecprj, koI irpoeipTjKevaL
01 fir) TrpoaSiaXeyeadaL avrf), firjhe aTrreaOai
8epr]<; rj ')(eLp6<i, fMT]Se Koafxelv ravTTjv fJLOvrjv tmv
evhov, vvv he kol ^vyKaraKeifJievov evpr^Kevat koI
dvhpL^ofievov eirl rrjv yvvalKa, a fjuev ^AttoWcovlo^;
69 Tov Ad/iLV elhev, 009 hr-j rov \6yov dirohehety-
/jLevov, 09 e(^L\oao^elTo avT0L<; irepl rov kol
evvov)(^cov TO epav elvaL, he l3a(TL\ev<; 7rpb<; tov<;
7rapGVTa<; " aXV alaxpov 76," elirev, *' m dvhpe<;,
iTap6vT0<=; 7)p,iv AiroWoiViov irepl acjO(f)poavv7]<;
r//jid<^', dWd fir) tovtov, diro^aiveaOar t/ ovv
KeXevei,^, ^ KiroWciiVie, iraOelv avrov ; " rt he dWo
y) ^rjv ; ' elire irapa rrjv rrdvrcov drroK pivd fxevo'^
ho^av. dvepvOpidaws ovv ^aaCkev^ " elra ov
TToWcov,^' €<f)7], " Oavdrcov d^io<=;, ix^epircov ovra)<;
104
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
here." ^^ And do you yourself require nothing ?" chap.
said the king. " Yes/' he said^ " I need dried fruits ^^^^'
and bread, for that is a repast which delights me
and which I find magnificent."
XXX\ I
While they were thus conversing with one another chap.
a hubbub was heard to proceed from the palace, of ^^^^^
eunuchs and women shrieking all at once. And j\\\"traUve
in fact an eunuch had been caught misbehaving with of the
r. , 1 1 1 . • . .!> 1 manners of
one ot the royal concubmes just as it he were an Eunuchs
adulterer. The guards of the harem were now
dragging him along by the hair in the way they do
royal slaves. The senior of the eunuchs accordingly
declared that he had long before noticed he had an
affection for this particular lady, and had already
forbidden him to talk to her or touch her neck
or hand, or assist her toilette, though he was free to
wjjit upon all the other members of the harem ; yet
he had now caught him behaving as if lie were the
lady's lover. Apollonius thereupon glanced at
Damis, as if to indicate that the argument they had
conducted on the point that e\'en eunuchs fall in
love, was now demonstrated to be true ; but the
king remarked to the bystanders : "^ Nay, but it is
disgraceful, gentlemen, that, in the presence of
Apollonius, we should be enlarging on the subject
of chastity rather than he. What then, O
Apollonius, do you urge us to do with him ? "
" Why, to let him Uve, of course," answered
Apollonius to the surprise of them all. Whereon
the king reddened, and said : " Then you do not
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. TTjv evvrjv rrjv ifxr^v ; " ** aXX' ov')(^ virep ^vy- i
yvcofiTjf;,^^ 6(j)7], ** jSaaikev, ravra elTrov, aW' virep
Tifjbwpia^, Tj airoKvaiaei avrov el yap ^ijaerat
voao)V Kol aSvvdrcov <X7rTO/x€i^09, Kal firjre alra
fXTjTe TTora rjcreL avrov p.rjTe ded/xara, a ae re Kal
Tovs (TOL avv6vTa<; evcppavel, irrjhrjaeTal re r]
Kaphia Oa/jbd iKdpcoaKOVTo<; rod virvov, o 8r}
/jLciXcara irepl to 1)9 ipMvrd^ (paai ylyvecrOai, Kal
Tt? p,ev ovro) (pOorj rrj^et avrov, tl<; 8e ovrco Xtyu-09
iinOpv^ei rd (nrXdy^va ; el Se /jLT) tmv <piXo-
^v')((t)v €17) Tt9 at'T09, ft) /SaaiXev, SeTjaerai crov
TTore Kal aTroKTelvai avrov, rj eavrov ye diroKTevel,
TToWd oXo^v p6 jjuevo^i rrjv irapovaav ravrrjv
rjfiepav, ev rj fir) evOv<; aTreOave. tovto /jl€v Sr)
TOiOVTOV TOV ^ AtToWcOVLOV Kal OVTCO (TO(f)OV Te Kai
rjjjuepov, e^' (o 6 ^aaiXev<; dvrJKe rov Odvarov rw
evvovx^p'
XXXVII
CAP. M.eWcov Se irore 7rpo<; Or)pa yiyveaOai tmv ev
T0t9 irapaheiaoi'^ Or)piwv, €9 0^9 \eovTe^ re diro-
KeiVTai T0t9 ^apj3dpoi^ Kal dpKTOL Kal TrapSdXei^,
7)^iov TOV ' AttoWcovcov 7rapaTV')(€iv ol 6r)po)VTL,
Se " eKXekrjaai, ft) ^aaiXev'* ecfyr), ** on /jLr)Se
OvovTL (joi irapaTvyy/iVbi ; Kal dXX(o<; ovx V^^
Or)pLOL(; ^e^aaavLa/iievoL^ Kal irapd ti)v (puacv Tr)v
eavTMV SeSovXcofievoL'i iiriTiOeaOair epofxevov he
avrov TOV ^aaiXeco*^, 7rw9 av /3e/3aL(o<^ Kai
106
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
think he deserves to die many times for thus trying chap.
to usurp my rights?" '^^ Nay, but my answer, O ^^^^^
king, was suggested not by any wish to condone his
offence, but rather to mete out to him a punishment
which will wear him out. For if he lives with
this disease of impotence on him, and can never take
pleasure in eating or drinking, nor in the spectacles
which delight you and your companions, and if his
heart will throb as he often leaps up in his sleep; as
they say is })articularly the case of people in love, —
is there any form of consumption so wasting as this,
any form of hunger so likely to enfeeble his bowels ?
Indeed, miless he be one of those who are ready to
live at any price, he will entreat you, O king, before
long even to slay him, or he will slay himself,
deeply deploring that he was not put to death
straight away this very day."
Such was the answer rendered on this occasion
l)y x^pollonius, one so wise and humane, that the
king was moved by it to spare the life of his
eunuch.
XXXVII
One day the king was going to hunt the animals chap.
in the parks in which the barbarians keep lions and ^^^^^^
bears and leopards, and he asked Apollonius to accom- e^^mpose"^
pany him on the chase, but the latter replied : "You the king's
have forgotten, O king, that I never attend you, \iiththc
even when vou are sacrificing;. And moreover, it is i^'^™*"^ .
^ ^ over certain
no pleasure to me to attack animals that have been frontier
ill-treated and enslaved in violation of their nature." ^^ *^^*
And the king asking him what was the most stable
and secure way of governing, Apollonius answered :
107
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. d(7(j)a\cb<; ap')(^oi, ** ttoXXoi/?," e^r], *' rifiMV,
TTLarevcov Be 0X170^9*" irpea Pevofxevov 8e Trore
Tov rrjf; ^vpia^ ap')(^ovTO<^ irepl kco/jlmv, olfiac, Svo
TrpocTOiKcov T(W Zevy/uLaTL, /cal c^ddKovTO^ viraKT]-
Koevai fjbev avTa<; 'Ai^rtop^co Kal XeXev/cfp TraXai,
vvv Be vir avro) elvat, ^P(o/jLaLOL<; irpoarjKovcra^, Kal
TOV<; jxev ^Apa^iov; re koI Ap/jueviov^; jxr) evo')(\elv
ra^ KcofjLa<;, avrbv Be VTrep^aivovra rocravrrjv 7771^
KapirovaOai a(f)d<^, &)9 avTOv /xaXXov rj ^Vwfiaicov
ovaws, fjLera(TTr]ad/jievo<; o ^aaikei)^ tov<; irpeajBet^
'* ra? fxev K(op.a^ raura?,'* ecpi], "^AiroWcovie,
^vvex(*^pV^^^ '^OL^ ^P'Ol^ TrpoyovoL^; ol ^aaikel<^,
01)9 elirovy Tpo(f)f]<; eve/ca tmv Orfpicov, a irap
rj/jilv oXKTKOjjLeva (f)OLTa 69 tt^z^ eKeivwv Bia tov
¥jV(j)pdTOV, ol B\ ioairep eKXaOoixevoL tovtov
KaLVMV re koI clBlkcov dnTTOVTai. Tt9 ovv (paiverai
(joi T?}9 7rp€cr^eLa<; 6 vov^ ;" " /jLerpLO^;, Si /SaaiXev,^'
ecpT], " Kal e'TTLeiKi]^, el, a Bvvavrai Kal aKOVTO^
e'xeiv ev rfj eavrcov ovra, ^ovXovraL irap" eK6vT0<;
evpLdKecrOaL ixaWovT irpoaeTiOei Be Kal to fi'i]
Belv virep kco/jlmv, mv fjuei^ovf; KeKTrjvTai Ta'^a Kal
IBiMTai, BtacpepeaOat 7r/309 'Pa)yLtatou9, Kal iroXefiov
ovB^ virep fxeydXcov aipeaOac. voaovvTL Be tw
/3aaL\el Trapciov, ToaavTci re Kal ovtco 6ela irepl
-y^v^r}^ Bie^rfkOev, oi)<; tov /SaaiXea dvaTrvevaai,
Kal 7rpo<; tol'9 7rapovTa<^ elirelv, otl " ' A7roXXft)z^£09
ovK virep T?}9 l3aaL\eia<; /uiovT]<; d^povTidTelv
etpyaaTai fie, dWa Kai virep tov OavdTovT
108
LIFE OF APOLLONTUS, BOOK 1
"To respect many^ and confide in few." And chap.
on one occasion the governor of Syria sent a mission ^^^^^^^
about two villao'es^ which, I think, are close to the
Bridge, alleging that these villages had long ago
been subject to Antiochus and Seleucus, but at
present they were under his sway, and belonged to the
Romans, and that, whereas the Arabians and Armenians
did not disturb these villages, yet the king had
traversed so great a distance in order to exploit them,
as if they belonged to himself, rather than to the
Romans. The king sent the embassy aside, and
said : " O Apollonius, these villages were given to
my forefathers by the kings whom I mentioned, that
they might sustain the wild animals, which are taken
by us in our country and sent to theirs across the
Euphrates, and they, as if they had forgotten this
fact, have espoused a policy that is new and unjust
What then do you think are the intentions of the
embassy.^" Apollonius replied: "Their intention,
O king, is moderate and fair, seeing that they
only desire to obtain from you, with your consent,
places which, as they are in their territory, they
can equally well retain without it." And he added
his opinion, that it was a mistake to quarrel with
the Romans over villages so paltry that probably
bigger ones were owned even by private individuals ;
he also said that it was a mistake to go to war even
over large issues. And when the king was ill he
visited him, and discoursed so weightily and in
such a lofty strain about the soul, that the king
recovered, and said to his courtiers, that Apollonius
had so wrought upon him that he now felt a
contempt, not only for his kingdom but also for
death.
109
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XXXVIII
xxxxiu ^^^ ^^ (Trjpayya rrjv viro tw ^jv^pdrj) SeL/cvvvTO*;
avTw TTore rov /3aaiXea)<; /cal ** rt aot, (^aiveTai to
Oavfjua ; " elirovTO^;, KarafidWcov rrfv reparovpyiav
^AttoWcovlo^ " Oav/xa av rjv, o) ^aaiXev,^^ €(f)7],
- 6t Bia Tov TTora/jLOv /SaOeof; ovtco /cat diropov
ovTO(; irei^r) epadi^ere. dei^avro^; oe kui ra ev
RK^ardvoL^; tg/^t; /cal Oecov (f)da/covTO<; ravra
elvat oi/crjatv '* decov jiev ovk eaiiv 6Xa)<; 0L/cr)(TL<;,
etirev, " el he dvhpMv ovk otSw rj yap AaKeBat/jue^-
vi(oVy ft) ^aaiKev, itoKl^ aret^iCTTO? (pKLCFTaL.^^ fcal
firjv Kal Slktjv tlvcl SiKdaavTO<; avrov fccofiatf; Kal
fxeyaXo^ povov jxevov irpo'; tov ^AttoWcoviov, &)9
Svotv r}/ji€pCi)V 7)Kpoa/jLevo(; elrj Trj<; SiKr]<; " /SpaSiax^
7'," e(f)rj, " TO hiKaiov evpe<;.' ')(^prip,dT(i)v he e/c
T^9 virrjKOOV <f)OiTr)advT(ov iroTe dOpocov, dvoi^a<;
T0v<; 6r]aavpov<; eheiKvv tw dvSpl to, ^/jT^yLtara,
v7ray6/jL€vo<; avTov 69 eTrtOv/jLLav ttXovtov, 6 Se
ovBev cov elhe Oavfjidaa^ '* aoi raOTa," e^?;, " w
paaiXev, ^/^r/yLtara, e/jLOL oe a')(vpa' tl av ovv,
e^7), ** irpaTTCov /caXft)9 avTOL<; ^prjcral/jLrjv ; "
- ' ')(^pc'oixevo<^r e<j)r}y '* ^a(TtX€v<; yap et."
1 10
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
XXXVIII
One day the king was showing to him the grotto chap.
under the Euphrates, and asked him what he thought
r, ir-i ji- \. ^^ • • He lielittles
oi SO wonderiul a thing. ApoUonms m answer the kind's
belittled the wonder of the work, and said : " It palaces an.i
, . , r^ -i . .n 1 wealth
would be a real miracle, O kmg, it you went diy-
shod through a river as deep as this and as
unfordable." And when he was shown the walls of
Ecbatana, and was told that they were the dwelling-
place of gods, he remarked : " They are not the
dwelling-place of gods at all, and I am not sure
that they are of real men either; for, O king, the
inhabitants of the city of Lacedaemon do not dwell
within walls, and have never fortified their city."
Moreover, on one occasion the king had decided a
suit for some villages and was boasting to ApoUonius
of how he had listened to the one suit for two whole
days. " Well," said the other, "you took a mighty
long time, anyhow, to find out what was just." And
when the revenues from the subject country came
in on one occasion in great quantities at once, the
king opened his treasury and showed his wealth to
the sage, to induce him to fall in love with wealth ;
but he admired nothing that he saw and said: "This,
for you, O king, represents wealth, but to me it
is mere chaff." " How, then," said the other, "and
in what manner can I best make use of it .^ " '^'^ By
spending it," he said, "for you are a king."
Ill
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XXXIX
CAP. UoWa TOLavra ttoo? tov SaaiXia elircbv koX tv-
'-^oiv avTov irpoOvfJbov Trpdrreiv a ^vvefSovXevev, ere
Kai Tr}<^ rrpo^ rov^ /jbdyov^; ^vvovaia^; lKavco<; e^wv
aye, CO Ha/ubi, e^rj, e? ivbov<; icufMev. Oi puev yap
T0fc9 A(OTO(f)ayoL<; irpoaTrXevcravTe'; cnTr\yovTO rcov
oLK€Lcov tjOmv viTO TOV ^pcofjbaTo^i, r)/jL6t<; Be /jL7] yevo-
fxevoi TLvo<^ t6)v evravOa Kadij/aeOa nrXeiw y^povov
TOV el/coTO^ Te Kal ^v/x/jLeTpovT '* Ara/xot," e^r; 6
Ad/jLc<;, " vTrephoKel TavTa' eirel he eveOvfiovix-qv tov
')(^povov, ov ev TTJ Xeaivr) SteaKe'\jr(o, TrepLe/juevov dvv-
(rOrjvaL avTov ovirco fxev ovv e^rjKei 7rd<;, evtavTO^
yap r]fuv ijSr] Kal /jL7]ve<; Terra/oe?* el 8e ijBr] fcofii-
QoLfjueua, ev av e'^oc; ovde avrjaec7]/jia<^, ecprj, co
Aa/jbL, /3aac\ev<i irpoTepov rj tov oySoov TeXevTrjaai
fxrjva' ')(pr)(TTOv ydp irov 6pd(; avTov /cal KpeuTTfo rj
/Sap^dpcov dp^ecv.^*
XL
CAP. Evrel Se diraWdTTeaOai Xolttov eSo/cei Kal
^vve^d)pr)o-e iroTe 6 ^aaiXev^ aTnevai, dve/jLV)]cr6rj
TMV S(oped)v 6 'A7roXXft)i/(.o9, a? dve^dWeTo e? t'
dv (J)l\oo avTQ) yevdiVTac, Kal " o) ^eXTcaTe,'^
ecpTj, " IBacTiXev, tov ^evov ovBev ev TreiroirjKa
Kal fjLLcrOov ocfyeiXco T0L<i ixdyoc^' av ovv eirifJbeXrj-
OrjTL avTMV Kal tov/jLov 7rpoOv/jL7]6r)TL irepl avSpa^;
ao(f)ov(; Te Kal aol crcfyoBpa evvov<;. V7rep7ja0el<;
112
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
XXXIX
He had addressed many such sayings to the king, chap.
and found him ready to do what he adv'ised him ; ^^^^^
when finding that he had had enough of the society of Jo'^^n't"'^
the Magi, he said to Damis : " Come, let us start for India, but
India. For the people who visited the lotus-eaters a'year and
in their shii^s were seduced from their own home- ^^^^^t, .
• 1 1 1 !• 1 1 -1 • inonths in
princi{)les by the tood ; and we without tasting any Babylon
of the victuals of this land, have remained here a
longer time than is right and fitting." " And I,"
said Damis, " am more than of your opinion ; but as
I bore in mind the period of time wliich you
discovered by the help of the lioness, I was waiting
on for it to be completed. Now it has not yet all of
it expired, for we have so far only spent a year and
four months ; however, if we can depart at once,
it would be as well." " But," said the other, "the
king will not let us go, O Damis, before the eightft
month has passed ; for you, I think, see that he is a
worthy man and too superior a person to be ruling
over barbarians."
XL
When at last they were resolved on their departure chap,
and the king had consented that they should go ^^^
away, Apollonius remembered the presents, which J^uips'^tbem
he had put off till he should have acquired friends, for further
and he said : O excellent king, I have in no way
remunerated my host and I owe a reward to the
Magi ; do you therefore attend to them, and oblige
me by bestowing your favours on men who are both
wise and wholly devoted to yourself." The king then
VOL. I. I
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ovv 6 ^aatXev^ *' tovtov^ fiev avptov ^rj\a)TOv<i,'^
€(f)r}, " Kal /jL€yd\cov rj^ico/jLevov^ airohel^w croc,
av 8' eVel /jirjSevb^; Serj tmv g/xcov, aWa tovtol^
ye ^vy^ayprjcrov ^prjfiaTa irap ifiov Xa^etv Kal
6 Ti ^ovKovTai, ' Toi)^ a/jbcfn rov Ad/iLv Set^a?.
dirocTT pa(^evT(Dv ovv KaKeuvcov tov \6yov tovtov
" opa^r '^<j>Vy " ^ ^acrCKev, ra? 6yu,a9 'x^elpa^i, ft)9
TToWau re elat fcal aXX^^Xat? ofjiotac;' '* cri) Be
dWa rjye/jiova dyov,^' 6 /3ao"fcXeL'9 ecf)?], " koI Ka/jurj-
Xof?, e(^' Mv 6')(rjae<Tde, to yap ixrjKO<^ t/}? oBov
KpetTTov 7] ^ahicraL iraGavT " yuyveaOco,^^ €<p7], " m
^acTtXev, TOVTO, (pacrl yap rrjv ohov airopov eivat
fiTj ovT(o<; o'^ovfievo), Kal dWo)^ to ^Sov evcrtrov re
Kal pdhiov jSocTKecv, oirov jxr] ^tXo? etrj, Kal vScop
Be, ol/jiai, )(pr) iTTCaLTiaaaOat Kal dirdyeiv avro ev
^aKol<;, coo-wep tov olvov^ *' Tpicjv rjfiepcov,^^ €(f>r}
6 PaaiXevs," dvvBpo^i rj %ft)pa, /xera TavTa Be ttoWt}
dipOovia TTOTa/jiCJV re Kal Trrjycov, /BaBu^eLv Be Bel
Trjv iirl K^avKdcrov, Ta yap eiriTrjBeLa d(j>dova Kal
(j)LXr) 7) p^wpa." ipo/Jievov Be avTov tov /SaaiXeay^ 6
TLavTt^ dird^ec eKeWev "'^^apiev,' e(l>r], "Si /SaaiXev,
Boypov Tjv yap r) crvvovaia tojv dvBpcov aocfxoTepov
fie d'Tro(j>rivr), ^eXTcayv d(f)i^o/jLaL aoc rj vvv etfiL.
TreptefiaXev 6 ^aacXev<^ raOra elirovTa Kal
- ' d(j)LKOco,^' elire, to yap Bcopov /xeya.^'
114
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK I
was more than delighted, and said : '^ I will show you chap.
to-morrow how much I value them and what great ^^
rewards 1 hold them to have earned ; but since you ask
for nothing that is mine, I hope you will at least
allow these gentlemen to acce{)t from me whatever
money they like/' and he pointed to Damis and his
companions. And when they too declined the offer,
Apollonius said : " You see, O king, how many hands
I have, and how closely they resemble one another."
"But do you anyhow take a guide," said the king,
"and camels on which to ride ; for the road is too
long by far for you to walk the whole of it." " Be
it so," said Apollonius, " O king : for they say that
the road is a difficult one for him who is not so
mounted, and moreover this animal is easily fed and
finds his pasture easily where there is no fodder.
And, methinks, we must lay in a supply of water
also and take it in bottles, like wine." " Yes,"
said the king, "for three days the country is
waterless, but after that there are plenty of rivers
and springs ; but you must take the road over the
Caucasus, for there you will find plenty of the
necessities of life and the country is friendly." And
the king then asked him what he would bring back
to him from his destination ; and he answ^ered : " A
graceful gift, O king, for if I am turned into a
wiser man by the society of people yonder, I shall
return to you here a better man than I now am."
When he said this the king embraced him and said :
" May you come back, for that will indeed be a
great gift."
I '1
115
BOOK II
B'
CAP. ^EvTevOep i^eKavvovai irepl to Sepo^ avroi re
o\oviJLevoi Kal 6 r]y€fia)v, lirTTOKOfio^; 8e rjv tmv
/ca/Ji^Xcov Kal ra eirirrjheLa, 6it6(T(ov iSeovro, rjv
a(^6ova ^aacXeax; S6vto<;, ij re X^P^' ^^' V'^ ^'^^'
pevovTo, ev eirparrev, ihe^ovro he avrov^ ai KWfiaL
OepaTrevovaar ^P^^^^ J^P '^«^^oi/ 97 7rp(OT7]
KdfJLr]\o<; eVl tov fiercoTTOv €(f)€p€, yiyvcocrKeLV roU
ivTvyydvovaiv, w? irepLiroL nva ^acn\€v<; rcov
eavTov cf)LX(ov. iTpocri6vTe<^ he rw J^av/cdaw (paaiv
evoahecTTepa^ tt}? 7)79 aladetrOao.
II
CAP. To Be 6po<; TOVTO dp^V^ iroico/jieOa Tavpov tov
" 8fc' 'Apfievca^ re Kal KiXlkcov eirl UafMpvXov^;
Kal MvKaXrjv aTelxovTo^, y) TeXevTcoaa e?
OdXaTTav, fjv Ka/oe? oIkovo-l, Tepp.a tov Kau-
Kdaov voixL^oiT av, dXX ovx> ^? evcot (fyaaiv,
dpXT '^^ '^^ 7"/^ "^V^ MvKdX7]<; vyjro<i ovirco
fjueya Kal al inrep^oXal tov KavKaaov togovtov
dveaTaaiv, m (j;^tfeo-^at irepl avTa^ tov ijXtov.
irepi/SdXXet Be Tavpcp eTepo) Kal ttjv ofiopov Trj
118
BOOK T[
In the summer our travellers, together with their chap.
guide, left Babylon and started out, mounted on ^
camels ; and the king had supplied them with a Babvion^
camel-driver, and plenty of provisions, as much as
they wanted. The country through which they
travelled was fertile ; and the villages received
them very respectfully, for the leading camel bore
upon his forehead a chain of gold, to intimate to all
who met them that the king was sending on their
way some of his own friends. And as they
approached the Caucasus they say that they found
the land becoming more fragrant.
II
We may regard this mountain as the beginning of chap.
the Taurus which extends through Armenia and
Cilicia as far as Pamphylia and Mycale, and it ends of Cauct^iTs
at the sea on the shore of which the Carians live, ^"*^ Taurus
and this we may regard as the extreme end of the
Caucasus, and not as its beginning, as some people
say. For the height of Mycale is not very great,
whereas the peaks of the Caucasus are so lofty that
the sun is cloven asunder by them. And it encom-
passes with the rest of the Taurus the whole of
119
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ^IvSlkj} ZKvOlav iraaav Kara Maiwrti^ re Kal
apiarepov Tiovrov, (TTahlwv /uLoXicTTa ScafivpLcov
pbr]KO<^, ToaovTov yap cVe^j^et pberpov rrj^i yrj<;
o ajKoov rod "KavKaaov to Se irepl rov ev rfj
rj/bieBaTrfj Tavpov Xeyofxevov, a)<; v-nep rrjv Ap~
jjLevLav iropevoiTO, 'y^povw aTTLaTr)6ev Triarovvrac
XoLTTOv al 7rapBd\6i<;, a? olSa aXtaKOfJueva^; ev
rfj TIafjb(f)v\cov apco/jLaroipopa). ')(alpovoL yap
Toi<; dpcofiaat, kclk ttoXXov to.? oafxa^; eXKovcrat
(potTcbaiv €^ ^Ap/ji6Via<; Sta twv opcov 7rpo9
TO Scifcpvov Tov aTvpaKO<;, eireihav ol re dvepuoi
diT avTOV TTvevacocTL Kal tcl BevSpa ottcoBt]
yevrjTat. kul akoivai Trore (paacv ev ttj ITa/zc^fXta
irdphaXiv aTpeirTW ctfia, bv irepl tt} hepr) e<j)epe,
'^pvcrov^ Se r)v Kal eireyeypaTTTO ^Apfievioc<; ypd/JL-
fxaac BASIAETS APSAKHS ©EHI NT^mi.
ffacnXeuf; jxev Br) ^Ap/jLevia^; TOTe r)v 'A/ocra/^/?9, Kal
avTo^i, olfiai, IBoov rrjv TrdpSaXtv dvrjKe rw Alovvcto)
Slol fiiyedo^ tov Orjpiov. Nucrto? yap 6 Ac6vv(to<;
diro ri}? ev 'Iz^Sot? Nv(Trj<; lvSol<; re ovofJud^eTat
Kal Trdac toI<; irpo^ aKTlva eOveaiv. rj Be '^povov
fjbev Tiva vire^ev'^Orj dvdpco7r(p, Kal X'^lpa r)veGyeTO
e7ra(f)a)/jiev7]v re Kai KaTa'^o)aav, eirel Be dvoi-
(TTpr}crev avrrjv eap, ore Brj d(f>poBLai(DV rjTTOVf; Kal
TrapBdXet^;, dveOopev e? Ta op)] ttoOw dpaevcov, co?
et)(e TOV Koa/iiov, Kal tjXco irepl rov Kdro) Tavpov
virb TOV dpdy/jLaTC^ eX')(Oel(Ta. c Be KavKacro^;
opi'^ec fJiev rijv TvBlktJv re Kal ^rjBiKijv^ KaOiJKCi
Be iirl TTjv '¥jpvOpdv OdXarrav eTepco dyKoyvi,
120
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
Scythia which borders on India, and skirts Maeotis chap.
and the left side of Pontus, a distance ahnost of ^'
20,000 stades ; for no less than this is the extent of
land enclosed by the elbow of the Caucasus. As to the
statement made about such part of the Taurus as is in
our own country, to the effect that it projects beyond
Armenia, — it was long disbelieved, but has received
definite confirmation from the conduct of the pards. On leopards
which I know are caught in the spice-bearing
region of Pamphylia. For these animals delight in
fragrant odours, and scenting their smell from afar
off they quit Armenia and traverse the mountains
in search of the tear or gum of the Styrax, whenever
the winds blow from its quarter and the trees are
distilling. And they say that a pard was once
caught in Pamphylia which was wearing a chain
round its neck, and the chain was of gold, and on
it was inscribed in Armenian lettering : '■' The king Armenian
Arsaces to the Nysian ffod." Now the king of "^^"p^^'^"
y ^ 1 . » ^ on a
Armenia was certainly at that time Arsaces, and he, leopards
I imagine, finding the pard, had let it go free in ^
honour of Dionysus because of its size. For
Dionysus is called Nysian by the Indians and by
all the Oriental races from Nysa in India. And this
animal had been for a time under the restraint of
man, and would let you pat it with your hand and
caress it ; but when it was goaded to excitement by
the springtime, for in that season the pards begin to
rut, it would rush into the mountains, from longing
to meet the male, decked as it was with the ring ; and
it was taken in the lower Taurus whither it had been
attracted by the fragrance of the gum. And the
Caucasus bounds India and Media, and stretches
down by another arm to the Red Sea.
121 .
FLA VI us PHILOSTRATUS
III
CAP. M.vOo\oy€LTac Be viro tmv fiapjSdpayv to 6po<;, a
Koi "FjW7]P€(; eV avrw aSovaiv, &)9 Ilpo/jL7]6€u<;
fxev eVt (^iXavOpcoTTia heOeirj i/cel, '^Hpa/cX?}*? Be
erepo^;, ov yap rov ®r)/3al6i' ye /SovXovrai, /jlt] avd-
a')(^OLTO rovTo, dWd ro^evaete rov opviv, ov e^ocTKev
YLpo/jLr)deu<; rot? air\dy')(yoi<;' Sedrjvat Be avrov ol
jxev ev avTp(p <f>a(Tiv, o Brj ev irpoiroBt rov 6pov<;
BeiKvvTai, Kol Bea/JLOL 6 Adfjbi<; dvr}<^6ai rcov irerpodv
\eyet ov paBia ^vfi^aXecv rrjv vXrjv, ol 8' eV
KopV(j)fj Tov opov^' BtKopv/n/Sof; Be rj Kopv(f)r) Kai
<^a(7iv, ft)? ra? yelpa^ dir avTcov eBeOif] BiaXei-
irovaMV ov fjuelov rj (ttoBiov, toctovto'^ yap elvai.
TOV Be opviv TOV deTov ol t&> K.avKd<T(p irpoaot-
KovvTe<; eyOpov rjyovvTat Kal Ka\Ld<^ ye, oTroca?
ev TOt? TTayoL^ ol deTol iroiovvTai, KaTaTrifJurpdaLV
levT€<; ^eXrj irvpcpopa, OrjpaTpd re eV avTOV<;
LCTTavTai Ti/jL(ope2v tw UpofiijOet (pdaKOVTe<;' wBe
yap TOV fxvdov iJTTrjvTai.
IV
CAP. Tlapa[jbei^\ravTe^ Be tov J^avfcacrov Terpa-Trr^^e^?
dvOpcoTTOv; IBelv (pacnv, 01)9 rjBr] /xeXacveaOat, Kal
TrevTaiTTj'^eL^ Be eTepov<; virep tov '\vBov iroTafxov
eX66vTe^. ev Be Tjj p^xpi tov iroTafiov tovtov
122
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
III
And legends are told of this mountain by the chap.
barbarians^ which also have an echo in the poems
of the Greeks about it, to the effect that Prometheus, prom"etii*eu.s
because of his love of man, was bound there, and that ^""^ ^^^
Hercules, — another Hercules and not the Theban
is meant, — could not brook the ill-treatment of
Prometheus, and shot the bird which was feeding
upon his entrails. And some say that he was bound
in a cave, which as a matter of fact is shown in a
foot-hill of the mountain : and Damis says that his
chains still hung from the rocks, though you could
not easily guess at the material of which they were
made, but others say that they bound him on the peak
of the mountain ; and it has two summits, and they say
that his hands were lashed to them, although they
are distant from one another not less than a stade,^
so great was his bulk. But the inhabitants of the
Caucasus regard the eagle as a hostile bird, and burn
out the nests which they build among the rocks by
hurling into them fiery darts, and they also set
snares for them, declaring that they are avenging
Prometheus ; to such an extent are their imaginations
dominated by the fable.
IV
Having passed the Caucasus our travellers say they chap.
saw men four cubits high, and that they were already ^^
black, and that when they passed over the river viits*tiie^^"
Indus they saw others five cubits high. But on voyagers
their way to this river our wayfarers found the
1 606 English feet.
123
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ohonropia rdSe evpov a(j)'q'yrjaeco<^ a^ca' iiropevovro
jxev yap iv aekrjvri Xa/jbTrpa, (pdafjua Se avTol<; ifi-
'7rov(Tr]<; eVevrecre, to Selva ytvo/juevr] koI to helva av
Kol ovBev elvat, 6 Be W.7ro\X(ovto(; ^vvrjKev, 6 tc
etr), Koi avT6<; re iXocSopeiTO tjj ip^irovarj, TOi<=; re
dfjicf)' avTov irpoaeTa^e tuvto TrpaTTecv, TavTl yap
aKo<^ elvai ty]<; 7r/30cr/9oX?}9 TavTrj<^' Kal to (pdcr/jLa
(l)vyfj (py/6T0 T€TpLy6^, (oairep tcl ecScoXa.
CAP. K.opv(f)7]v S' v7rep/3aXXovT€<^ tov opov^ Kal jBahi-
^ovT€<^ avTrjV, eireihr] diroTopuOi'^ ^^X^^j r]peTO ovtco-
<7L TOV Lia/jicv' enre /jlol, ecpi], irov %c769 rjfjbev ;
6 he " ev Tw TreBla),'^ ecjirj. " Trjjxepov Be, w Ad/jLi,
TTov ; " *' ev Tft) Kaf /cacTft)," eijrev, *^ el firj ijiavTov
e/c\e\?7cr/xat." *' Trore ovv kcito) jjuoKKov rjcrda ; "
TTOKLv TjpeTO, 06 TovTi fiev, €(f)r], ovOe eirepdi-
TCLV d^tov %^e9 fiev yap Bed /coi\r)<:; ttj^; yrjf; eiro-
pevofieOa, Ti]fiepov Be 7rpo9 t« ovpava> eafxev^^
oiei ovv, e<pr}, co /\a/jLi, ttjv fxev %c7e9 oooiiropiav
KdTCO elvat, ttjv Be TTjjjbepov dvco ;" " vrj Ar," elirev,
- el fir) /jLalvofiai 76." "tl ovv 'r^yfiT €(f)r), irapaX-
XdTTecv Ta<; 0801)9 dXXijXcov rj tl Trj/iepov rrXeov
elvai aoi tov ;)(;^e9;" OTi ^^69," e<pt], " e/3dBc^ov
ovirep TToXXoL, aij/xepov Be, ovirep oXt-yot." '*t6
124
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
following incidents worthy of notice. For they were chap.
travelling by bright moonlight^ when the figure of ^
an empusa or hobgoblin a])]ieared to them, that
changed from one form into another, until finally
it vanished into nothing. And Apollonius realised
what it was, and himself heaped abuse on the hob-
goblin and instructed his party to do the same,
saying that this was the right remedy for such a
visitation. And the phantasm fied away shrieking
even as ghosts do.
And as they were passing over the summit of the chap.
mountain, going on foot, for it was very steep, ^
Apollonius asked of Damis the following question. with"ihimis
"Tell me," he said, "where wx were yesterday," '^^^out
And he replied : '^ On the plain." " And to-day, O eeriugand
Damis, where are we?" "In the Caucasus," said ^"^^^°^'^"
he, "if I mistake not." "Then when were you
lower down than you are now ? he asked again, and
Damis replied : " That's a q^uestion hardly worth
asking. For yesterday we were travelling through
the valley below, w^hile to-day we are close up to
heaven." " Then you think," said the other, " O
Damis, that our road yesterday lay low down, whereas
our road to-day lies high up.'*" "Yes, by Zeus," he
replied, " unless at least I'm mad." " In what respect
then," said Apollonius, "do you suppose that our
roads differ from one another, and what advantage
has to-day's path for you over that of yesterday } "
" Because," said Damis, " yesterday I was walking
along where a great many people go, but to-day,
where are very few." "Well," said the other, "O
125
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. 'ydpT ecf))], " o) Aci/jit, ov tcaX ra^i iv ciarei Xeaxfyu-
povs €KTp€7ro/jL6V(p ^aSi^€iv iarlv iv oXcyoc^ tmv
avup(07r(ov ; ov tovto, e<p?;, euTTOV, aW on
^^69 fJLEV Sea KCO/JLMV iKO/.U^6/JL66a KoX dvOpCOTTCOV,
arjfjiepov he daTL^e<; tl dva^aivofiev ^((opiQv kol
Oelov, oLKovec^ yap rod T^yefjLovo^, on ol ^dp^apot
Oeoiv avTo Troiovvrac oIkov, ' koI dfia dve/SXeirev
69 TTjv K0pv<j)r)v Tov 6pov<^. 6 Be ifi/SijSd^cov avrov
€9 o ef dp-^rj<; r)p(i)Ta *' e;^efc9 ovv elirelv, w Ad/xc, 6
n ^vv7]Kas TOV Oeiov jSaBi^cov dyypv rod ovpavov;^
ovoeVy €<prj. Kai /jLtjv e')(^pr}v ye, enrev, eiri
/jLTj'^avrjf; Tr)\LKavT7]<; fcal 6eia<^ ovtco<; earr^KOTa
irept T€ TOV ovpavov (Ta(f>e(TTepa'^ rjBrj €K(f)6peLv
Sof<x9 irept T€ TOV tjXlov koX t^9 aeXrjvr]'^, S)v ye
KoX pd^Bci) L(TCO(; rjyfj yjravaeiv TrpoaeaTriK(b<i to)
ovpavQ) TOVTO). a %c7e9, €<pr), irepi tov uetov
eyiyv(t)GKOv, yiyvotiaKO) koI Trjixepov, kol ovttco fj,oi
eTepa TrpocreTreae irepl avTOv So^a^ " ov/covv"
ecpT}, " 0) Ad/jLL, KdTO) Tvy')(^dv€i<; mv eVi, koX ovhev
irapd TOV v-^^rovf; €iXr}^a<;, a7re%et9 tg tov ovpavov
oTToaov %^e9' Kal etKOTco^; ere rjpoiJbrjv, a iv dp')(fi'
(TV yap (i)ov yeXol(D<; ipcoTdaOaL^ " /cal /jl^v,^^ ^4^Vy
" /caTa^ijaeaOai ye aocf)coTepo<; (p/j,r)v ukovcov,
^ KiroXXdiVLe, tov puev KXa^o/jievLov 'Ava^ayopav
diro TOV KaTOL ^Icoviav MtyLtaz^T09 iireaKe^OaL tcl iv
Tw ovpavw, (daXrjv re tov M.iXdaiov o-tto t^9
126
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 11
Damis, can you not also in a city turn out of the chap.
main street and walk Avliere you will find very few ^
people ? " '"I did not say that/' re})lied Damis,
" but that yesterday we were passing through villages
and populations, whereas to-day we are ascending
through an untrodden and divine region : for you
heard our guide say that the barbarians declare this
tract to be the home of the gods." And with that
he glanced up to the summit of the mountain. But
Apollonius recalled his attention to the original
question by saying : "^ Can you tell me then, O
Damis, what understanding of divine mystery you
get by walking so near the heavens.^" '^ None
whatever/' he replied. ^"^And yet you ought/' said
Apollonius. " When your feet are placed on a
platform so divine and vast as this, you ought at once
to utter thoughts of the clearest kind about the
heaven and about the sun and moon, which you
probably think you could touch from a vantage
ground so close to heaven." "^ Whatever," said
he, " I knew about God's nature yesterday, I
equally know to-day, and so far no fresh idea has
occurred to me concerning him," "So then,"
replied the other, "you are, O Damis, still below,
and have won nothing from being high up, and
you are as far from heaven as you were yesterday.
And my question which I asked you to begin with was
a fair one, although you thought that I asked it in order
to make fun of you." "The truth is/' replied
Damis, '^'^that I thought I should anyhow go down
from the mountain wiser than I came up it, because
I had heard, O Apollonius, that Anaxagoras of
Clazomenae observed the heavenly bodies from the
mountain Mimas in Ionia, and Thales of Miletus from
127
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. irpoaoLKOV Mf «;aA,7;9, Xeyovrai Se koX tw Yia'yyaiU)
evLOi (f)povrL(TTrjpi(i) y^pr^craaOai /cal erepoi ru) "K6(p.
eyo) 3e /jueyicrTov tovtcov dveXOcov vyjro^; ovoev
ao(j)(i)T6po(; eavTOv Kara^ijao/jiaL.^^ ** ovBe yap
eKelvoi^ €(p7], " at yap TOialSe TrepLooTral yXavKo-
repov /Jb6v Tov ovpavov a'Tro(^aivovcn kul /ji€t^ov<;
Toi'9 aaT6pa<; /cal tov tjXlov dvLa')(ovTa i/c vvKro<;,
a Kal TTOifieaiv rjhrj Kal al7r6XoL<=; earl BijXa, birrj
he TO Oelov eTrip^eXelTai tov dvOpcoTreuov yevov;
Kal OTTT] ')(aipeL vtt avTOV Oepa7revop,€vov, 6 tl re
dpcTT] /cal 6 Ti hiKaioavvrj re Kal o-axppoavvr], ovt€
"AOo}<i eKhei^ei to?? dveXOovaiv ovtb o 6avfia^o-
/jL€vo<; viro twv ttoitjtcov "OXvfi7ro<;, el firj hiopcpT)
avTOL r} '^L'%>?, ^v, el KaOapa Kal dK7]paT0<; avTCJV
aiTTOLTO, TToXXo) pbel^ov eycoy av <pai7]v aTTeiv
TOVTOvl TOV K-aVKO-CTOV.
VI
CAP. "T7rep/3dvTe<; Be to opo^ evTvy')(^dvovaLv eV eXe-
<pavT(ov ijorj o')(ov[ievoL'^ avopaacv, eiai o ovtol
pueaoL l^avKaaov Kal iroTapbOv K.o) (f)r]vo<;, a^cot t€
Kal iTTTTOTai Trj<; dyeXrjf; TavTr]^, Kal Kap^r/Xoi 8e
eviov^ Tjyov, al<; ')(^po)VTai ^Ivhol e? tcl SpofiiKa,
TTopevovTat, he p^tXta a-Tahia tyj^; r)p£pa<^ yovv
ovhap^ov Kdp.^|raaac. TrpoaeXdaa^; ovv twv ^Ivhcov
el? eVl Kap,r)Xov TOLavTt]<; rjpctiTa tov rjyefiova ol
aTei')(^oiev, eirel he tov vovv tt;? dTroh'qpLLa^; ijKovcrev,
dirrjyyeiXe rot? vopbdaiv, ol he dve/Soijo-av wairep
128
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
Mycale whicli was close by his home ; and some are chap.
said to have used as their observatory mount Pangaeus ^
and others Athos. But I have come up a greater
height than any of these^ and yet shall go down
again no wiser than I was before. " '^'^ For neither
did they/' replied ApoUonius : '^^and such stargazings
show you indeed a bluer heaven and bigger stars
and the sun rising out of the night ; but all these
phenomena were manifest long ago to shepherds and
goatherds^ but neither Athos will reveal to those
who climb up it^ nor Olympus, so much extolled by
the poets, in what way God cares for the human
race and how he delights to be worshipped by them,
nor reveal the nature of virtue and of justice and
temperance, unless the soul scans these matters
narrowly, and the soul, I should say, if it engages on
the task pure and undefiled, will soar much higher
than this summit of Caucasus."
VI
And having passed beyond the mountain, they at chap.
once came upon elephants with men riding on them ; ^^•
and these people dwell between the Caucasus and oJt\j|^
the river Cophen, and they are rude in their lives Cophen
and their business is to tend the herds of elephants ;
some of them however rode on camels, which are used
by Indians for carrj-ing des]:)atches, and they w411
travel 1,000 stades a day without ever bending the
knee or lying down anywhere. One of the Indians,
then, who was riding on such a camel, asked the
guide w^here they were going, and when he was told
the object of their voyage, he informed the nomads
129
VOL. I. K
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAi'. r^aOevje^, eKeXevov re TrXijaLOV^/ceLV Kal d(f>LKOfi€i'Oi'i
oivov T€ copeyop, ov dirb roiv (^olvLkcov (TO(f)il^ovTaL,
KoX jJLeXi diro rauTov cfyvrov fcal Teixd')(r) Xeovrcov
KOI iraphdXewVy mv koI to, hepfiara veoSapra rjv,
Se^dfievoL Se TrXrjv tcov Kpecop irdvra dirrjXaaav
VII
CAP. ^ ApcaT07rotov/jL6va)v Se avTcov 7r/oo9 ^rvyv ^^^'^o^;,
€y^6a<; o ilafjLi<^ rov irapa tcov Jlvocov olvov ilto<;,
€(f)7), " So)rrjpo<; ijSe aoc, ^ KiroXXoiVLe, Bca iroXXov
ye TTLvovTL. ov ydp, olfiat, Trapatrrjo-r) Kal tovtov,
Mairep rov diro tmv dfi'ireXcov " koI d/jta eaTreicreVf
eTreiSr] rov Ato? iire/jLvrjcrOT]. yeXdaa^; ovv 6
^ KiToXXdiVLO^; " ov Kal y^pr^jxaTCOVy'^ ecjyrj, " tt7re;^o-
fieOa, w AayLtt ; " " vrj At*," elirevy " ci)9 7roXXa)(^ov
eireoei^w. ap ovv, ecpij, '^(^pvarji; /xev opa')(/jLr)(;
Kal dpyvpd<; dcfie^ofieOa, kol oi)^ rjrrrjcrofieBa
TOtovTov vofjLLa/jLaTo<;, KaiTOL K€')(r)v6Ta<^ 69 avro
opcjvre^ ovK t3tft)Ta9 fiovov, dXXa /cal ^aatXea'^iy
el Se ')(aXKovv Tt9 ct)9 dpyvpovv 7) viro'^pvaov re
Kal KeKijBhrfXev jxevov tj/jLLV SiSolt], Xrfy^ofjLeda toOto,
eirel fxr) eKelvo earuv, ov ol iroXXol yXl'^ovTai ; Kal
/jLTjv Kal vo/jLicr/jLaTa earcv 'Iz/3ot9 opec^dXKOv re Kal
'^aXKov fieXavo^, cov hel Stjirov iravra divelaOat
nrdvTa^ ijKovras 69 ra 'IvSoov r)dr]' tl ovv ; el
130
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
thereof; and they raised a shout of ])leasiire^ and chaf
bade them approach, and when they came up they ^^
offered them wine which they make out of palm
dates and honey from the same tree, and steaks from
the flesh of lions and leopards which they had just
flayed. And our travellers accepted everything
except the flesh, and then started off for India
and betook themselves eastwards.
VII
And as they were taking breakfast by a spring of chap.
water, Damis poured out a cup of the Indians' wine, ^^^
and said : '^ Here's to you, Apollonius, on the part if^pajm"'"
of Zeus the Saviour ; for it is a long time since you wine, and
have drunk any wine. But you will not, I am sure, t^etoTaiism
refuse this as you do wine that is made from the fruit of
the vine." And withal he poured out a libation, because
he had mentioned the name of Zeus. Apollonius
then gave a laugh and said : '■'■ Do we not also abstain
from money, O Damis } " Yes, by Zeus,"' said the
other, "as you have often intimated to us." '^ Shall
we then," said the other, " abstain from the use of a
golden drachma and of a silver piece, and be proof
against temptation by any such coin, although we
see not priv^ate individuals only, but kings as well,
agape for money, and then if anyone offers us a
brass coin for a silver one, or a gilded one and a
counterfeit, shall we accept it, merely because it is not
what it pretends to be, and what the many itch to have ?
And to be sure the Indians have coins of orichalcus and
black brass, with which, I suppose, all who come to
the Indian haunts must purchase everything ; what
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. '^p/j/jLara tj/jllv wpeyov ol y^pi^arol vo/xd^e^, ap' dv,
o) Aa/xi, TrapaLTOVfievov fxe opcov, ivovOerec; re koI
ehi8aaK€(;, oti ^(^p^j/jLaTa puev e/cecvd iariv, a 'Vco/mlloi
')(apdTTOvaLv rj p ^ItJScov I3aat\ev<;, ravrl 8e vXrj
T^9 erepa KeKoix-ylrevfjuevr^ rot? ^\vho2^ ; koX ravra
Tretcra? nva dp rjyrjaco /xe ; dp* ov Ki^SrjXov re /cal
Tr]v cf)t\oao(f)iav dirojBejSXrjKOTa jjbdWov i) ol Trovypol
(TTparicoTaL rd*; daTriha^ ; Katrot, acTTrt^o? /juev
dTrojBXrjOeiari^; erepa yevoiT dv tw dTro^aXovn
KafCLcov ovSev tt}? irporepa^, ft)? ^Ap')(^iXo'^(p Sokcc,
(f)cXocro(f)La 8e ttco? dvaKTrjrea rw ye dri/jidaavTC
avrr]v koI pLyjravTL ; koX vvv fxev dv ^vyyiyvdxJKOi
Atovvao<^ ovSevb^i otvov r)TT7jfievu>, rov 8e diro
TMV (f)0CVL/CCOV cl TTpO TOV d/jLTTeXiVOV alpOL/JLTJV,
d'^Oecrerat, ev dlha, /cat irepivjBpiaOai ^rjaei to
eavrov Scopov. eajxev Be ov rrroppw rod Oeov, /cat
yap rod riy€/Ji6vo<; dKOV€L<i, ft)9 irXrjcriov rj NOcra ro
6po<i, 60' ov 6 Aiovvaofi iroXXd, olpbai, fcal Oav-
fiaard irpdrrec. /cal firjv /cal to fieOveiv, m Aa/xi,
ov/c €K ^orpvcov pLovcov ea(f)oird tov<; dvdpooTTov^;,
dXXd /cal drrb ro)v (poLVL/cojv TrapairXrjo-KO'^ e/c/3aK-
')(€V€r TToXXoL^ yovv r^hr] rwv 'IvScov everv'^o/jiev
/car€a')/7]fjLevoL<; rw o'lvco rovro), Kal ol fiev 6p')(ovvrat
TTLTrrovre'^, ol 8e aSovaiv vrrovvardl^ovre^, oyairep
01 Trap rijxiv Ik irorov vvicrcDp re Kal ovk ev
Mpa dvaXvovre<;. ore Be olvov rjyfj /cat rovro ro
rrSyfia, BtjXoI^ rw arrevBeiv re drr avrov r(p Atl Kal
OTToaa errl otvco ev)(^ea6ai. Kai e'Lprjrai fioi, co
Ad/JLL, TT/oo? ae vrrep ifiavrov ravra' ovre yap tie
132
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
then ? Supposing the nomads, good people as they chap.
are, offered us moneV;, would you in that case, Damis, ^^^
seeing me decline it, have advised me better and
have explained, that what is coined by the Romans
or by the king of Media is really money, whereas
this is another sort of stuff only in vogue among the
Indians ? And what would you think of me^ if you
could jiersuade me of such things ? Would you not
think I was a cheat and abandoned my philosophy
as thoroughly as cowardly soldiers do their shields ?
And yet^ when you have thrown away your shield
you can procure another that is quite as good as the
first, in the opinion of Archilochus. But how can
one who has dishonoured and cast away philosophy,
ever recover her ? And in this case Dionysus might
well pardon one who refuses all wine whatever, but
if I chose date-wine in preference to that made of
grapes, he would be aggrieved, I am sure, and say
that his gift had been scorned and flouted. And
we are not far away from this god, for you hear the
guide saying that the mountain of Nysa is close by,
upon which Dionysus works, I believe, a great many
miracles. Moreover, drunkenness, Damis, invades
men not from drinking the wine of grapes alone, for
they are equally roused to frenzy by date-wine.
Anyhow we have seen a great many Indians overcome
by this wine, some of them dancing till they fell,
and others singing as they reeled about, just like the
people among us, who indulge in drink of a night and
not in season. And that you yourself regard this
drink as genuine v.ine, is clear from the fact that
you poured out a libation of it to Zeus and offered
up the prayers which usually accompany wine. And
this, Damis, is the defence which I have to make of
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. TOV TTLVeLV CLlTa^OUX CiV OVT€ TOU? OTTaSoV^i TOVTOV^,
^V'y')((typoii]v 5' av vfjuv koX Kpeoyv airelcrdai, to 'yap
aireyecrOai tovtcov vjmv /lev e? ovSev opw irpolSal-
vov, ifiavTW he €<; a oy/jboXoyTjraL jjboi irpo'^ cj^iXoao-
(f)iai' i/c 7rat8o9." iSi^avro top Xoyov tovtov ol
irepl TOV AdfjiLv /cat ricnrdaavTo evco^elaOac, pdov
7)yovfi€voo iropevaeaOat, fjv dchdovcoTepov Bcac-
TMVTai.
VIII
CAP. Atal3dvT€<^ 3e tov K.co(j)rjva iroTafiov, avTol fiev
€7rl veSiv, /cdfirfkot 8e ire^f) to vBcop, o yap 7roTa/jLo<=;
ovTTO) fjbeya<=;, eyevovTO iv ttj ^aaiXevofievr} rjire 'pw,
ev f) dvaTelvov irec^vTevTat NOcra opo'^ e? Kopvc^rjv
dfcpav, ocxJirep 6 ev Avhia Tyu-wXo?, dvajSaivetv S
avTo e^eaTiv, (hSo7roL7]Tai yap vtto tov yecopyeto-Oai.
dve\66vTe<; ovv lepw Acovvaov ivTV^eiv (pacriv, o
Br) Acovvaov eavTO) (fiVTevaac Bd(f)vaL<^ TreptecTT')]-
KVLai<; kvkXco, tocovtov Trepie')(ovcrai<^ t^9 7r)9,
oaov diT6')(^prjv vecp ^vfjifxeTpw, klttov tg Trepi/SaXelv
avTOV Kal dixireKov^ Tal^ 8d(f)vaL<;, dyaXfid t€
eavTOV evSov aTr/O-acr0aL,yLyvci)(TKOVTa &)? ^v/jxfyvcrec
TCL BevSpa 6 '^p6vo<; Kal BdxTet Tivd dir avTMV
6po<^ov, 09 ovTco ^v/iiPe/3\t]Tac vvv, ft)9 /ji)]Te veaOau
TO lepov /jh'jt' dve/jb(p eairvelaOai,, Bpeirava Be Kal
apptyoL Kal \rjvol Kal tcl dfKpl \')]vov<i avdKeiTat
134
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
m3^self against you ; for neither do I wish to dissuade chap.
you from drinking, nor these companions of ours ^^^
either ; nay, I would allow you also to eat meat ;
for the abstinence from these things has, I perceive,
profited you nothing, though it has profited me in
the philosophic profession which I have made from
boyhood." The companions of Damis welcomed
this speech and took to their good cheer with a will,
thinking that they would find the journey easier if
they lived rather better.
VIII
Thev crossed the river Coplien, themselves in chap.
boats, but the camels by a ford on foot ; for the ^^^^
river has not yet reached its full size here. They ^^ioJwsus
were now in a continent subject to the king, in which on the
the mountain of Nysa rises covered to its very top o^Nysa"^
with plantations, like the mountain of Tmolus in
Lydia ; and you can ascend it, because paths have
been made by the cultivators. They say then that
when they had ascended it, they found the shrine of
Dionysus, which it is said Dionysus founded in
honour of himself, planting round it a circle of laurel
trees which encloses just as much ground as suffices
to contain a moderate sized temple. He also sur-
rounded the laurels with a border of ivy and vines ;
and he had set up inside an image of himself,
knowing that in time the trees would grow together
and make themselves into a kind of roof; and this
had now formed itself, so that neither rain can
wet nor wind blow upon the shrine. And there
were scythes and baskets and wine-presses and their
135
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. TW Acovuao) -^^pvaa koX ap'^vpa Kadairep TpvytavTi.
TO he ayakixa eiKaaTai puev icprj^M 'Ii^Bo), XlOou
Se e^earat \evKov. opyid^ovTo^; Be avrov koI
cre/oyro? Tr)v Nvaav, aKovovaiv at 7r6\€i<; at viro
Tw opeL fcal ^vve^aipovTai.
IX
CAP. Afa(f)epovrat Be irepl rov Acovvcrov tovtou
Ka\ ' }^Wr)ve(; 'Iz/^oi? Kal ^ivBol aW^Xoi*;' r/yu-et?
jbiev yap rov %^]j3alov iir IvBov'^ eXdaai (fyapev
o-Tparevovrd re Kal /3aK')(^evovTa TeK/jLr)pLoi<; XP^*^'
jjievoi Tot9 T6 aWoL^ Kal tco YlvOol dvaOrjfjLaTi,
Br) ciTToOeTOV 01 eKel Orjaavpol laxpvaiv ecrrc
Be dpjvpov ^IvBcKov Bl(tko<^, a> iTrtyeypaTrrar
AIONTSOS O XEMEAHS KM AI02 AFIO
INAON AnOAAriNI AEA^HI. 'IvB^v Be
01 irepl J^avKaaov Kal Kcocfyfjva Trora/jiov i7r7]\vTi]v
- A(Tcrvptov auTov (paaLv e\6elv ra rov Srj^alov
eioora' ol be rrjv ivoov re Kai Idpaoorov pbearjv
ve/jLG/uLevoi Kal rrjv fiera ravra r^iretpov, rj Br)
69 TTora/jLOV rdyyr)v reXevra, Atovvaov yeveaOat
TTora/iov iralBa ^\vBov Xeyovacv, m (poLTijaavra
rov eK ^7)/3(i)V eKGLVov, Ovpaov re d'\lracrOai, Kal
Bovvai 6pyi0L<^, elirovTa Be, o)? eci] A^o9 Kal tQ> tov
7raT/309 epL^icpj) pir)pa) tokov eveKa, l^[r)p6p re
evpeaOac Trap' avrov opo<;, m rrpoa/SeffijKev ?; Nvaa,
Kal rr)v ^vaav rS) Atovvaro eKCpvrevaai dirdyovra
136
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
furniture dedicated to Dionysus^ as if to one who chap.
gathers grapes, all made of gold and silver. And the ^^^^
image resembled a youthful Indian, and was carved
out of polished white stone. And when Dionysus
celebrates his orgies and shakes Nysa, the cities
underneath the mountain hear the noise and exult in
sympathy.
IX
Now the Hellenes disagree with the Indians, and chap.
T Y"
the Indians among themselves, concerning this ,. ^
Dionysus. For we declare that the Theban Dimu^sus
Dionysus made an expedition to India in the role *^ ^^'^^*
both of soldier and of reveller, and we base our
arguments, among other things, on the offering at
Delphi, which is preserved in the treasuries there.
And it is a disc of Indian silver bearing tlie inscription :
'■' Dionysus the son of Semele and of Zeus, from the His offering
men of India to the Apollo of Delphi." But the " ^^ ^
Indians who dwell in the Caucasus and along the
river Cophen say that he was an Assyrian visitor
when he came to them, who understood the affairs
of the Theban. But those who inhabit the district
between the Indus and the Hydraotes and the
continental region beyond, which ends at the river
Ganges, declare that Dionysus was son of the river Indian
Indus, and that the Dionj'sus of Thebes having become Dumysus
his disci])le took to the thyrsus and introduced it in
the orgies; that this Dionysus declared that he was
the son of Zeus and had lived safe inside his father's
thigh until he was born, and that he found a
mountain called Merus or "Thigh" on whicii Nysa
borders, and planted Xysa in honour of Dionysus with
137
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. eK ^tjISmv to <yovv t>}9 afjuireXoVy ov koI ^ AXe^av-
hpo<i op'^iaaai. ol Be rrjv l^vcrav oI/covvt€<; ov
(paai, Tov ^AXe^avSpov aveXOelv e? to opo'^, aX\!
op/jLTJaai p^ev, iireihr) <^LXoTip.o<; re r)v kol dp'^aio-
Xoyla^; tjttcov, Belaavra Se p,rj 69 ap^ireXov^i irapeX-
6ovTe^ ol IsllaKehove^ , a? '^povov tjBtj out^ ecopafceaav,
69 iroOov t6)v oIkol aireveydoyaiv, rj iinOvp^iav riva
olvov avaXd^cvcnv eWiap^evoL i^Brj tw vBari, irape-
Xdaat rr)v ^vcrav, ev^dp^evov tm Alovv(tw kol
OvcravTa ev rf] vTrcopeia. /cal ytyvcoaKco p^ev ovk
€<; X^P^^ ravra ivloL^ ypd(f)cov, eVetS^ ol ^vv
^AXe^dvBpo) (JTpaT€V(TavT€<^ ovhe ravra i<; rb
dXrjOe^; dveypayjrav, See Be dX7)6eia<; ep^ol yovv, rjv
el KaKelvoL irrrjveaav, ovk dv dcpeiXovro Kal rovBe
rov eyKwpbiov rov ^KXe^avBpov rov yap dveXOelv
e'9 TO O/0O9 Kal ^aK^evaai avrov, a eKelvoL Xeyovat,
pbelt,ov, olpiai, rb virep Kaprepia^ rov arparov p,7jBe
dvapr]vai.
X
CAP. Trjv Be "Aopvov rrer pav ov iroXv direxovcrav rrj^
X
Nu<T7^9 IBelv p,ev ov (^rjaiv Adp,t<;, ev eK^oXfj yap
Keladat t^9 oBov Kal BeBieuat rbv 'r)yep,6va eKrpe-
Treadal rrot rrapd rb evOv, dKOvo-at Be, ft)9 dXcoro's
piev WXe^dvBpcp yevoiro, ' Aopvo<^ Be ovopd^oiro ovk
eTrecBi] ardBia irevreKaiBeKa dvearyjKe, irerovrat
138
LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK II
the vine of which he had brought the suckers from chap.
Thebes; and that it was there that Alexander held his ^^
orgies. But the inhabitants Oi Nysa deny that Alex- never"
ander ever went up the mountain, although he was ascended to
eager to do so, being an ambitious person and fond of
old-world things ; but he was afraid lest his Mace-
donians, if they got among vines, which they had not
seen for a long time, would fall into a fit of home-
sickness or recover their taste for wine, after they had
already become accustomed to water only. So they
say he passed by Nysa, making his vow to Dionysus,
and sacrificing at the foot of the mountain. Well I
know that some people will take amiss what I write,
because the companions of Alexander on his cam-
paigns did not write down the truth in reporting
this, but I at any rate insist upon the truth, and
hold that, if they had respected it more, they would
never have deprived Alexander of the praise due to
him in this matter ; for, in my opinion it was a
greater thing that he never went u}), in order to
maintain the sobriety of his army, than that he
should have ascended the mountain and have himself
held a revel there, which is what they tell you.
Damis says that he did not see the rock called the chap.
" Birdless " (^Aorniis), which is not far distant from
Nysa, because this lay off their road, and their guide Aornv.s
feared to diverge from the direct path. But he says
he heard that it had been captured by Alexander,
and was called "Birdless," not because it rises
9,000 feet, for the sacred birds fly higher than that ;
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. V \f\ r. r t \v /) 'a'v J'*
X yap Kai virep tovto oi lepot opvttfe^, aW ev Kopvcpfj
Trj<; irerpas prjyfia elvai (paai rov^ vTrepTrero/jievov^;
TMV 6pvl6(ov ijnaTrciJjjievov, 009 ^AOr'jvrjal, re Ihelv
icTTiv ev TrpoSo/jLO) tov YiapOevowo<; koI iroKXa^ov
ri}? ^pvycop koX Avhoiv 77}?, y<j) ov rrjv irerpav
"Aopvov /ce/cXijaOal re kol eivai.
XI
XI tj\avvovT€<; oe eiri tov Lvoov TratoL evTvy^avovat
rptaKaiSe/cd ttov err) yeyovoTi, iir iXecpavrof; o^ov-
ixev(p KOL iraiovTi to Orjpiov. iirel 8e iOavp^aaav
opMVTe<^ TL epyov, ecpr], co Hafjn, ayauov i7riT€0t)<;;
Tt o aWo ye, enrev, f) i^rjcravTa eiri tov lttttov
cipj^eLV Te avTOv koX tw '^aXtvo) aTpecpetv koX /coXd-
^ecv oLTaKTOvvTa, kol irpoopav, &>? pir] e? ^oOpov rj
Tcicppov rj ')(^dapa KaTeve^Oeir] Itttto^;, ore ye Sc*
eXof? rj TrrjXov '^^copoirj; " " ciXXo 8e ovhev, w Ad/jLC,
aTrauTriaopiev, ecpT], tov ayauov iinrea; vr] Z\t,
elire, " to Te dvaTrrjScovTC puev tm iTTTTO) 7r/909 to aifiov
e(j)€Lvac TOV ')(^aXtv6v, KaTa Trpavov<; Se lovtl ol pbrj
^vy^copelv, cOCs! dvOeXKeiv, koI to KaTayjrfjaat 8e tcl
MTa rj Tr)v ')(aiTrjv, Kal pbrj del rj pidaTL^ (TO(f)ou epLOiye
So/cet LiT7reo)(;, Kal eiraivoirjv dv tov wSe o'^ovpievov.^^
" Tw 8e St] pua'^ipLM Te /cal TroXepLtaTrjpLqy tlvcov ^et;"
" Tcbv ye avTWvj'^ ecjirj, " o) AiroXXcovce, Kai 7rpo<; ye
TovToi<^ TOV ^dXXecv Te Kal (pvXaTTeaO ai, Kai to eire-
Xdaai he Kal to direXdaai, Kal to dveiXrjaai TroXe-
piiov^, Kal pL7] idv eKirXrjTTeaOai tov nnrov, OTe
140
LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK II
but because on the summit of the rock there is^ they chap.
say, a cleft which draws into itself the birds which ^
fly over it, as we may see at Athens also in the
vestibule of the Parthenon, and in several places in
Phrygia and Lydia. And this is the reason why the
rock was called and actually is .Birdless."
XI
And as they made their way to the Indus they met chap.
a boy of about thirteen years old mounted on an ^^
elephant and striking the animal. And when they S'mahouts
wondered at the sight, Apollonius said : Damis, and
what is the business of a good horseman ? " " Why, hitemgeuce
what else," he rejilied, '^ than to sit firm upon the
horse, and control it, and turn it with the bit, and
punish it when it is unruly^ and to take care that the
horse does not plunge into a chasm or a ditch or
a hole, especially when he is passing over a marsh
or a clay bog?" ^'^And shall we require nothing
else, O Damis, of a good horseman?" said
Apollonius. '■' Why, yes," he said, •• when the horse
is galloping up a hill he must slacken the bit ; and
when he is going down hill he must not let the horse
have his way, but hold him in ; and he must caress
his ears and mane ; and in my opinion a clever rider
never uses a whip, and I should commend any one
w^ho rode in this way." "And what is needful for a
soldier who rides a charger ? " " The same things,"
he said, " O Apollonius, and in addition the ability
to inflict and parry blows and to pursue and to
retire, and to crowd the enemies together, without
letting his horse be friglitened by the rattling of
141
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Bov7r7](T€L6P atTTrl? i) aarpdy^eiav al KopvOe^;, rj
TracauL^ovTcov re koX aXoKa^ovTwv ^or) yevocro,
(ro(f)La, ol/jiac, LTTTn/cfj Trpocr/ceLTai. " tovtov ovv^^
6(f)7], " TOP eirl Tov eXe(^avTo<i iinrea tl (^rjaei^; "
" TToXXft)," e(f)r), " ^avfiaaccorepov, 'ATroXXcovce, to
yap Orjpio) TqXiKOVTM iTrcrerd'^OaL rr/XiKovBe ovra,
teal evOvveiv avro KcCkavpoiTiy r]v 6pa<; avrov
i/jL^a\6vTa TW eke^avn, cocnrep ajKvpav, koI fMTJre
rrjv oyjnu tov drfpiov SeSUvac fiijTe to £;i^09 fiiJTe
TTjV pa)/jL7]v ToaavTTjv ovcraVy SatfiovLOP e/juocye SoKel,
Kol ovh" av eiricFTevcra, fia ttjp ^AOr)vdv, el eTepov
rjKovcra. tl ovv, ecpj], ei aTTOooat/at rt? 'r]/jLLv
TOP TralSa /SovXolto, odprjarj avTou, c5 Adfn; " " pt]
At ,' eiire, *' tmp ye efjuavTov irdpTcop. to yap
o)(Tirep aKpoTToXiP KaTeiXrjcpoTa heairo^eiP 6r)piov
[xeyiaTOV o)p r) yrj fBodKei, eXev6epa<^ e/xoLye SoKel
(f>vaecL)(; /cat Xafiirpd^ elpai.^ " tl ovp XPV^V "^V
iraiOi, e(p7], ei /x?) KaL top eXe(paPTa coprjcrr); tjj
T€ oiKta,^^ ecf)7], " einaTrjaay Tjj ifiavTOv kol toI<;
olfceTaLf; koI ttoXXw /SeXTiop tovtcop t) iyco dp^ei.
av be ou% iKapo<;, ecprj, tcop aeavTOV ap')(€Lp;
" OP 76," elire, " Kal av Tpoirop, co ATroXXcopce'
KaTaXiTTcop yap Tafia Trepiei/jLC, coawep av, cpiXofia-
U(jdP /cat TrepicppoPMP ra ep ttj ^eprj. et oe or)
Trplaio TOP iralha, Kal lttttco aoi yepoiadrjp fiep
djXLXXrjTrjpLO^i, he iroXefJUiKO'^, dpaOrjarj avTOP, co
AdfjLC, eirl T0U9 Xttttov'^;^ " iwl fxep top d/jLtXXrjTr}-
piop,^' elirep, " tcrft)9 dp, eVei^^ kuI eTepov; opco, top
142
LIFE OF APOLLO NIUS, BOOK 11
sliields or the flashing of the hehnets^ or by the noise chai'
made when the men raise their war-cry and give a ^^
whooj) ; this, I think all belongs to good horseman-
ship." "What then Avill you say of this boy who
is riding on the elephant?" "He is much more
wonderful, Apollonius. For it seems to me a super-
human feat for such a tiny mite to manage so huge
an animal and guide it with the crook, which you
see him digging into the elephant like an anchor,
without fearing eitlier the look of the brute or its
height, or its enormous strength ; and I would not
have believed it possible, I swear by Athene, if I had
heard another telling it, and had not seen it."
" Well then," said Apollonius, "if anyone wanted to
sell us this boy, would you buy him, Damis ? "Yes,
by Zeus," he said, "and I would give everything I
have to possess him For it seems to me the mark of a ^
liberal and splendid nature, to be able to capture like
a citadel the greatest animal which earth sustains, and
then govern it as its master." "What then would you
do with the boy," said the other, "' unless you
bought the elephant as well ? " "I would set him,"
said Damis, " to preside over my household and over
my servants, and he would rule them much better
than I can." " And are you not able," said
Apollonius, "to rule your own servants.^" "'About
as able to do so," replied Damis, " as you are yourself,
Apollonius. For I have abandoned my property,
and am going about, like yourself, eager to learn
and to investigate things in foreign countries."
"But if you did actually buy the boy, and if you
had two horses, one of them a racer, and the other
a charger, would you put him, O Damis, on these
horses }" "I would perhaps," he answered, " upon
143
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Be /uLCl'^l/jiOV T€ KOI QlfKlT eVOVT a TTM^ uv dvaj3aivoL
OUT09; oi)T€ '^/ap acTTTiSa hvvair av (^epeiv, rjs Sec
rot's iTTTrevovaiv, out av OaypaKa i) fcpdvo<;, al')(^/jL7]v
Be TTw? ovro^, 0? ovBe drpaKTOV ySeXof? r? ro^ev-
fjuiTO<; /cpaSauvoL av, -ylreWi^o/jieva) e? ra TroXefiiKa
601/cco^ €tl; erepov ovv tl, ecprj, co /Safii, eanv,
b Tov 6\€(f)avTa tovtov r^vio^el koX irepbTTei, Kal ov"^
o rjvio^O'^ ouTO?, ov av /xovov ov irpoaKvveL^ vtto
6av/jLaT0<;. tov Be eLTrovrof; ** tl av elrj tovto,
AttoWcovlc; opco yap iirl tov Orjpiov ttXtjv tov Trai-
ls >0\r/ "tf^/1 ">/l ,i r^ > /
009 ovoev erepov. to UTjpiov, ecprj, tovto evTrai-
BevTov Te irapd irdvTa eaTi, KciTrecBdv dira^
dvayKaaOfj viro dvOpcoTro) ^tjv, dve^erai tcl i/c tov
dvOpaoTTOV TrdvTa Kal o/xorjOeLav eTrcTrjBevec Tr}v
7r/309 avTOV, ')(aipei Te acTov/Mevov diro t>}9 yeipo'^,
Mdirep ol fJLLKpol TO)v Kvvayv, irpocrtovTa Te tfj
TTpovo/jiala aLKoXXei Kal Tr)V Ke<paXr]v 69 ttjv
(pdpvyya eacoOovvTa dveyeTai Kal Ke')(7]vev e(^^ oaov
T(p dvOpcoTTO) BoKel, Kaddirep ev toI<; vo/judatv
ecopcofiev. vvKTcop Be XeyeTai ttjv BovXeiav oXo^v-
peaOai., jjbd AC, ov TeTptyo^, oirolov etcoOev, dXX
olKTpov Te Kal eXeeivov dvaKXdov, el Be av6pco7ro<i
eTnaTauT) oBvpo/jievo) Tavra, tcr^e^ tov Oprjvov eXe-
<^a9, coairep alBovfievo^. 0.1)709 Br^ eavTOV, w Adjxi,
ap-^ei Kal 1) ireiOcb avTov tj t7}9 <^vaew<; ayei jxaXXov
t) 6 e7riKeL/jiev6<; Te Kal direvOvvcovy
144
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
the racer^ for I see others doiiiir the same, but hoAv chap.
could he ever mount a war-horse accustomed to carry ^^
armour ? For he could not either carry a shield, as
knights must do ; or wear a breast-})late or helmet ;
and how" could he wield a javelin^ when he
cannot use the shaft of a bolt or of an arrow,
but he would in military matters be like a
stammerer." "Then/' said the other, "there is,
Damis, something else which controls and guides
this elephant, and not the driver alone, whom you
admire almost to the point of worshipping." Damis
replied : " What can that be, Apollonius ? For I
see nothing else upon the animal except the boy,"
" This animal," he answered, " is docile beyond all
others ; and when he has once been broken in to
serve man, he will put up with anything at the
hands of man, and he makes it his business to be
tractable and obedient to him, and he loves to eat out
of his hands, in the way little dogs do ; and when his
master approaches he fondles him with his trunk,
and he will allow him to thrust his head into his jaws,
and he holds them as wide open as his master likes,
as we have seen among the nomads. But of a night
the elephant is said to lament his state of slavery,
yes, by heaven, not by trumpeting in his ordinary
way, but by wailing mournfully and piteously. And
if a man comes upon him when he is lamenting in
this way, the elephant stops his dirge at once as if he
were ashamed. Such control, O Damis, has he
over himself, and it is his instinctive obedience which
actuates him rather than the man who sits upon him
and directs him."
145
VOL. I. L
XII
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XII
CAR 'EttI 8e Tov 'IvSov i\66uTe<; a^ekr^v iXecpdvToyp
ISelv (paaL TrepatoL'/xeVou? tov irorafioVy koI rdSe
ciKovaau irepl tov Orjpiov &)9 ol fiev qvtmv eXecoc,
at B' av opeioiy koI TpiTOv TjSr) yevo<; ireSivol elatv,
oXldKOVTai T6 e? t7)i^ tmv iroXefxiKOiv %/)etar.
fxdxovTai jdp Brj iTrea/cevao-fiivoc irvpyovi: oXov<^
KUTCL Sefca Kol irevTeKaiheKa o/jlov tmv 'IvhSiv
Si^aadat, a(/)' mv TO^evovaL re koL aKOVTi^ovatv
ol 'IvSoi, KaSdirep e'/c itvXmv l3dWovT€<;. Koi
avTO he to dr^plov X^t/Da ttjv irpovofiaiav i^yelTaL,
Kol XP^TOi avTrj 69 TO aKOVTL^ecv. oaov he Ittttov
Nio-atou ixei^oov 6 At(3vK0(; eXe<f>a<;, ToaovTov tmv
ifc AtySuT;? ol 'Ivhol jjuei^ov^;. irepl Be ifXiKia^ tov
fcoou KoX ft)? fiaKpo^LCOTaTOL, etpriTat fiev kol
eTepoL^, evTV')(elv he kol ovtol (paacp eXe^avTi
irepl Td^ika /xeyiaTrjv tmv ev 'lvhol<; ttoXlv, ov
/jLVpL^etv Te ol einj(oipiOi koI TaivLOVv elvat jdp
hr) TMV irpo^ \\Xe\avhpov virep Uoopov fie/LLaxV-
IxeiMV eh ovTO^, ov, iirethr] irpoOv^iw^ ifiefidxVTO,
dvTjKev 6 'AXe^avhpo<; tw 'HXiod. ehat he avTW
Kol XP^^^^ eXiica^ irepl rot? etV ohovaiv ehe
Kepaai, kol ypd/ji/jLaTaiTr' avTO)v 'EXXrjvLKa XeyovTa
AAEHANAP02 O AIOS TON AIANTA
TM HAini. 6vo/jLa yap tovto tw eXecpavTC
eOeTO, fjueydXov d^icoa-a^ /Mjav. ^vve^dXovTO he
ol e-mydipiOL TrevTiJKOVTa elvat Kal TpiaKoaia €Trj
fieTCi TTjv fid^V^y ovTTO) XeyovTe<i Kal oiroa a yey ovco^
efid^^TO.
146
LIFE OF APOLLOXILS. BOOK II
XII
And when they caiiie to the Iiidus^ the}' saw a chap.
herd of elephants crossing the river, and they say j5^gej.g,^t;
that they heard this account of the animals. Some breeds
of them are marsli elephants, others again mountain "^' ^®P^'^" "
elephants, and there is also a third kind which belongs
to the plain ; and they are captured for use in war.
For indeed they go into battle saddled with towers Elephants
big enough to accommodate ten or fifteen Indians '""^ "^ ^^^
all at once ; and from these towers the Indians shoot
their bows and hurl their javelins, just as if they
were taking aim from gate towers. And the animal
itself regards his trunk as a hand, and uses it to hurl
weapons. And the Indian elephants are as much
bigger than those of Libya, as these are bigger
tlian the horses of Nisa. And other authorities have
dwelt on the age of the animals, and say that they are
very long-lived ; but our party too say that they came The
on an elephant near Taxila, the greatest city in India, porill^"t ^ ^
who was anointed with myrrh by the natives and Taxiia
adorned with fillets. For, they said, tliis elephant
was one of those who fought on the side of Porus
against Alexander ; and, as it had made a brave
fight, Alexander dedicated it to the Sun. And it
had, they say, gold rings around its tusks or horns,
whichever you call them, and an inscription was on
them written in Greek, as follows : Alexander the
son of Zeus dedicates Ajax to the wSun." For he
had given this name to the elephant, thinking so
great an animal deserved a great name. And the
natives reckoned that 350 years had elapsed since
the battle, without taking into account how old
the elephant was when he went into battle.
147
L 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XIII
CAP. 'loySa? Se, 09 ripPe irore rod AiBvkov eOvov;,
(prjal fiev ^vfiTreaelv ciWrj\oL<; eir iXecpavTCOv
TTokai Al^vkov<; lirTrea^ — elvai, 8e Tot9 ^ev
TTvp'yov 69 TO 1)9 oSovra^; Ke^apay/juevov, rol^ Se
ovhev — vvKTo^ he iTriXa^ovarj^ ttjv fid-^yv r^rrrj-
Ofjvai fjuev TOL'9 iTTKTrjfiov^ (jirjcrl, (f)vy€tv Se 69 top
"ArXavra to 6po<;, avTo^ Se eXelv TeTpaKoaicov
fjLTQKeL €T(ov vaT€pov Tcov Bia(f)vy6vTcov eva fcal
TovTrlarj/jLov eU'at avTW koTKov koI ovttco irepLTe-
TpifJUpuevOV VTTO TOV ')(^p6v0V. OUTO9 'l6/3a(i TOL'9
oSovTa^; K€paTa rjyetTaL tw (pveaOai fiev avToi)^
oOev irep ol Kp6Ta<^oi, irapadijyecrOaL Se fjbrjhevl
6Tep(i), jjbeveiv 8^ ox; ecjjvaav koI fxr), oirep ol 6B6vt6<;,
eKTriTTTeiv cIt avacfyveaOar eyco S ov TrpocrSi^o/jLac
TOV \6yov' KepaTCi t€ yap el /jltj TrdvTa, to, ye twv
i\d(f)(ov eKTrLTTTei koI dvac^veTaiy 6h6vTe<^ he ol
fiev TMV dvOpcoTTcov eKTreaovvTaL fcal dvac^vaovraL
7rdvTe<=;, ^cocov 8' av ovSevl eTepw 'yavXiohov'^ r)
KVv6Bov<; auT0yu,aTa)9 eKireaoL, ovS^ av eiraveXdoL
eKirecroov, ottXov yap evefca y (fyvcFL^; e/jL/Si^d^et
avTOv<^ e<=; tcl^; yevv^. Kai dWa)<; Ta /cepaTa
ypa/ji/jir]v diroTopvevei fcv/cXo) 7rpo<i Trj pi^r) KaT
eviavTQv eKaarov, o)<; aiye<; Te hrjXovcn /cat ttol-
fjbvai fcal /9o69, 68ov<; Be Xet09 eK(j)veTaL /cal rjv pLVj
irrjpdicrr) tl avTov, ToioaBe del fievei, yL66T6^6t yap
TTj^ \idct}Bov<; v\r]<i Te Kal ovoia<i. /cal /jLjjv Kal
TO Kepaacpopelv irepl Ta Bl'^rjXa tcov ^cocov fiova
148
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
XIII
And Juba^ who was once sovereign of the Libyan chap.
race^ says that formerly the knights of Libya fought jj^^^o^ the
with one another on elephants^ and one division of age of
these had a tower engraved uj)on their tusks^ but the *' ®p^*" ^
others nothing. x\nd when night interrupted the
fray the animals Avhich were so marked had^ he says,
got the worst of it^ and fled into Mount Atlas ; but
he himself 400 years afterwards caught one of the
fugitives and found the cavit}' of the stamp still fresh
on the tusk and not yet worn awa}^ by time. This
Juba is of opinion that the tusks are horns, because ^nd on the
they grow just where the temples are, and because the[r^tu^sks^
they need no sharpening of any kind, and remain as
they grew and do not, like teeth, fall out and then
grow afresh. But I cannot accept this view ; for
horns, if not all, at any rate those of stags, do fall
out and grow afresh, but the teeth, although in the
case of men those which may fall out, will in every
case grow again, on the other hand there is not a
single animal whose tusk or dog-tooth falls out
naturally, nor in which, when it has fallen out, it will
come again. For nature implants these tusks in
their jaws for the sake of defence. And moreover,
a circular ridge is formed year by year at the
base of the horns, as we see in the case of goats
and sheep and oxen ; but a tusk grows out quite
smooth, and unless something breaks it, it always
remains so, for it consists of a material and sub-
stance as hard as stone. Moreover the carrying
of horns is confined to animals Avith cloven
hoofs, but this animal has five nails and the sole
149
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. 6<TT7)Ke, TO 8e ^<pOV TOVTO TTeVTOiyVV^OV KOt TToXv-
(r')(^iS6<; TTjv /BctaLV, rj 8ia to fir) i(T^i'y')(6ai '^rfkal^
coaTrep ev vypw earrjKe. Kai toI<; fiev Kepao-cf)6poL<;
aTracnv vTTo/SdWovcra i] (J)V(tl<; oara aTipayyooSt]
Trepccpvet to Kepa^; e^wOev, to Se tmv iXecpdvTCOv
7r\rjp€<i diTO(^aivei koI ofiotov, dvaiTTv^avTL he
(Tvpiy^ avTO XeTTTr/ hiepirec ixeaov, cocnrep tou?
6h6vTa<i' elal he ol fxev tmv eXeiwv ohovTC^ TreXthvol
Kol fiavol ixeTa')(eipio-a(j6ai re oltottol, iroWa')(^ov
'yap avTOiV VTTohehu/caaL arjpayye^;, iroWa')(pv he
dv€(TTd(7L 'y^aXa^GL /jLT] ^vy^wpovaat ttj Te')(yrj,
ol he TMV opelcov /xetou? fiev t) outol, XevKol he
iKavM^ Kol hvaepyov irepl avTOV^; ovhev, dptaTOL
he 01 TMV irehiVMv 6hovT€<;, fJueyiaTOi re yap /cal
XevKOTaTOL fcal dvaiTTv^ai rjhel^; Kal yiyvovTac Trav
6 TL OeXei 7) %6t/3. el he /cal r)6r] eXecpdvTMV 'X^prj
dvaypd(f)eLV, rof? /xev eK tmv cXmv d\L(7/cofievov<;
dvo7]TOvs rjyovvTai Kal kov^ov; 'Ivhol, tov^; he €k
tmv opMV KaKorj6ei<^ re Kal iTn/SovXevTa^;, Kal rjv
/JUT) heMVTai tlvo<;, ov jBejBaiov; rot? dvOpMiroi^;, ol
irehivol he ^prjaToi re elvai XeyovTai Kal evdyMyoi
Kal /jbL/jL7]a€M(; ipaaTar ypdcpovac yovv val
6p')(ovvTat Kal irapevaaXevovai 7rpo<; avXbv Kal
TrrjhMaiv uTrb r?}? 7^9 eKelvoL.
150
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
of his foot has many furrows in it, and not being chap.
confined by hoofs^ it seems to stand on a soft, ^^^^
flabby foot. And in the case of all animals that have
horns, nature supplies cavernous bones and causes
the horn to grow from outwards, whereas she makes
the elephant tusk full and equally massive through-
out ; and when in the lathe you lay bare the interior,
you find a very thin tube piercing the centre of it,
as is the case with teeth. Now the tusks of the
marsh elephants are dark in colour and porous and
difficult to work, because they are hollowed out into
many cavities, and often knots are formed in them
which oppose difficulties to the craftsman's tool ;
but the tusks of the mountain kind, though smaller
than these, are very white and there is nothing about
them difficult to work ; but best of all are the tusks
of the elephants of the plain, for these are very
large and very white and so pleasant to turn and
carve that the hand can shape them into whatever
it likes.
If I may also describe the characters of these
elephants ; those which come from the marshes,
and are taken there, are considered to be stupid and
idle by the Indians ; but those which come from the
mountains they regard as wicked and treacherous and,
unless they want something, not to be relied upon
by man ; but the elephants of the plain are said to
be good and tractable, and fond of learning tricks ;
for they will write and dance, and will sway them-
selves to and fro and leap uj) and down from the
ground to the sound of the flute.
151
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XIV
CAP. ^I^ODV Se Tou? iXecbavraf; 6 ^ AiroWcovLOf; rov
^\vhov 7repawvjjLevov<i, rjaav Se, olfxai, TpiaKOvra,
/cat ')(^p(OfjL€VOV<i riye/jLovc T(p (T/jLLfcpordra) a^MV, kol
Tovf; jji€i^ov<; avrcov dv€i\r](f)OTa<; tov<; avrcov ttco-
Xov<; iirl ra? rayv oBovtmv 7rpo^oXa<; rd"; re
7rpovofxaia<; eVe^'ef %0Ta9 Sea/jLov eve/ca " ravra
jxev,^' e(p7j, " 0) A.d/jiL, ovSe iTnTdrrovTOf; ovSevo'^
avTolf; d(p^ eaurcov ovrot, Slcl ^vveaiv re koX aocpiav
TTpaTTOVcTL, Kol opa<;, &)9 7rapa7r\7]aico(; toi<; (tk€V-
a'yco'yovaiv dv€iXr)(f)aai tov<=; iraiXov^ /cal Kara-
Brjadfj^evoi avrovf; dyovaiv ; " *' opcbj" ^(prj, ** o)
^ATToWcOVie, ft)9 (70CJ)(t)<i T€ aVTO KOl ^VV€TCd<; TTpdr-
Tovai. TL ovv fBovXerat rb evrjde^ i/cecvo (ppov
TL(T/jba TOLs ep€(T')(e\ovai (f)vaLfcr)v rj fir) rrjv 7rpo<i
rd T€Kva elvai evvocav ; rovrl yap Kal ikicpavre*;
7)^7] /Socoaiv, ci)9 Trapa t>'}9 (pvaecof; avTol<^ rjKei' ov
yap St] Trapa dv6 paoirwv ye p.efJbaOrjKaaiv avTO,
oyairep rd dWa, oi ye fjLTjSe ^vfi^e^KOfcaai ttoj
dvOpdnroi<;, aXXa (^vcrei KeKrrjfxevoi to (piXelv a
ere/cov, irpofcy'jSovrai re avrcov Kal 7raiSorpo(Pov(Ti.."
" Kal fir) TOL'9 iX€(pavra<; etiry^i, S) Ad/bii' rovro yap
TO ^^ov Sevrepov dv6 payirov rdrroo Kara ^vveaiv
re Kat l3ovXd<;, dWa rd'^ re dpKrov^ evOv/xovfjuat,
fjidWov, C09 dypLGirarai Oiipiwv ovaai irdvO' virep
rMV (TKVfivcov rrpdrrovcTL, rov^ re \vkov<;, (1)9 del
TTpoaKetfievoi r(p dpird^eiv rj fiev OrfKeia cf)vXdrreL
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
XIV
And Apollonius saw a herd, I think, of about thirty chap.
elej)hants crossing over the River Indus, and they
were following as their leader the smallest among eiophaiits "
them; but the bigger ones had picked up their ^"^ t^^^ir
young ones on their projecting tusks, where they
held them fast by twining their trunks around them.
Said Apollonius : " No one, O Damis, has instructed
them to do this, but they act of their own instinctive
wisdom and cleverness ; and you see how, like
baggage-jwrters, they have picked up their young,
and have them bound fast on, and so carry them
along." " I see," he said, '^^ Apollonius, how cleverly
and with what sagacity they do this. What then
is the sense of the silly speculation indulged in by
those who idly dispute whether the affection of
animals for their young is natural or not, when these
very elephants, by their conduct, proclaim that it is
so, and that it comes to them by nature ? For they
have certainly not learnt to do so from men, as they
have other things ; for these have never yet shared
the life of men, but have been endowed by nature
with their love of their offspring, and that is why
they provide for them and feed their young."
"And," said Apollonius, '^'^ you need not, Damis, Apollonius
confine your remarks to elephants ; for this animal is j'ove iiTaif^
only second to man, in my opinion, in understanding animals
and foresight ; but I am thinking rather of bears,
for they are the fiercest of all animals, and yet they
will do anything for their whelps; and also of wolves,
among which, although they are so addicted to
plunder, yet the female protects its young ones, and
153
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. a ereKev, o Se apprjv virep acorijpia^; tmv aKvXd-
fccov (iTrdyeL avrrj acrov, rd^; re TraphdXet^ waav-
TCt)9, at Bed Oep/jLOTTjra yaipovai tm yuypeaOat
firjrepe^i, Beairo^etv yap Br) rore ^ovXovrat tow
dppevcov Kal rod oi/cov dp^^eiv, ol Be dve^ovrai. to
i^ avTOiv irdv rjTrdy/jLevoL rod tokov. Xeyerai Be ris
Kal irepl tmv XeatVMv \6yos, co? epaard^; jjuev iroi-
ovvrat Tou? TrapBdXeL^; Kal Be^ovrat avrovf; eirl
Ta9 evvd(; tmv Xeovroiv e? rd ireBla, t?}? Be ya(JTpo<^
copav dyovcr7]<^ dvacpevyovaiv eV ra oprj koI ra rwv
irapBdXewv ^^Orj, (jjiKTd ydp tlktovglv, odev
KpvTTTOvaLV avrd Kal drjXd^ovcriv iv aKoXial<;
X6')(fjiaL<^ TrXacrd/jievac d(f)7]jjL€p6veiv irpo^ Orjpav. el
ydp (pcopdaetav tovtI ol XeovTe<^, BiacnrayvTai tov<;
(TKV/jbvov<; Kal ^aivovai Tr)V airopav ft)? voOov,
eVeru^e? Brjirov Kal tmv 'Op.7]peio)v Xeovrcov evi, &)?
virep TMV eavTOv aKVfivcov Betvov ^XeireL Kal
p(DVvvaLV eavTov p.d')(^r)<; aTrreaOaL. Kal rrjv TiypLv
Be ')(^aX€7rcoTdTrjv ovcrdv (paatv ev ryBe rfj x^^P^
Kal irepl rrjv OdXarrav ryv '^pvOpav eiTL ra? vav^
lecjOaL, TOL/9 aKv/jLvov^ diraLTOVcFav, Kai aitoXa-
^ovaav p^ev aTnevai •^acpovcrav, el Be diroirXevaaLev,
odpvecrOai avrrju 7rpo<; tt) OaXdrry Kal dirodvrjCFKeLv
euLore. rd Be tmv opviOcov rt? ovk olBev ; co?
deTol p^ev Kal ireXapyol KaXid^; ovk dv Trrj^aivro
p,rj irporepov avral^ evapp.6(TavTe<; pbev tov
deTLTrjv XiOov, 6 Be tov Xv^vlttjv virep t)}?
(6oyovia<; Kal tov pbrj ireXd^eiv (Tcpiai tov<; 6(J)€l<;.
Kav ra ev ttj OaXaTTrj aKOTTcop^ev, tov<; p,€v BeXcplva^i
154
LIFE OF APOLLONILS, BOOK II
the male brings her food in order to save the life of the chap.
whelps. And I also equally have in mind the panther^ ^^^
which, from the warmth of its temperament, delights
to become a mother, for that is the time when it is
determined to rule the male and be mistress of the
household ; and the male puts up with anAi:hing and
everything from her, subordinating everj-thing to
the welfare of the offspring. And there is also told
a story of the lioness, how she will make a lover of
the panther and receive him in the lion's lair in the
plain ; but when she is going to bring forth her young
she flees into the mountains to the haunts of the
panthers ; for she brings forth young ones that are
spotted, and that is why she hides her young and
nurses them in winding thickets, pretending that
she is spending the day out hunting. For if the
lion detected the trick, he would tear the M'helps in
pieces and claw her offspring as illegitimate. You
have read no doubt, also, of one of Homer's lions,
and of how he made himself look terrible in behalf
of his own whelps and steeled himself to do battle
for them. And they say the tigress, although she is
the cruellest animal in this country, will approach
the ships on the Red Sea, to demand back her whelps ;
and if she gets them back, she goes off mightily
delighted ; but if the ships sail away, they say that
she howls along the sea-coast and sometimes dies
outright. And who does not know the ways of birds,
how that the eagles and the cranes will not build
their nests until thev have fixed in them, the one
an eagle-stone, and the other a stone of light, to
help the hatching out of the eggs and to drive away
the snakes. And if we look at creatures in the sea,
we need not wonder at the dolphins loving their
155
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ovK av OavfidaaLfjuev, el ')(pr)aTol ovre^; (piXore-
Kvovat, (pa\aLva<; Se fcal <p()i)fca<^ koI ra ^woroKa
eOvrj 7rco9 ov Oav/jLaaG/jueOa, el (pco/cij fiev, y)v elBov
iyo) ev Alyal'; KaOeipyfievyv e? /cvvrjyia, ovrw^
eTrevOrjaev airoOavovra rov a/cvfivop, ov ev ray
oIkl(Tkm airefcvrjaep, cb? /jlt) TrpoaBe^aaOaL rpiMV
rjfjLepcov alrov, KacroL ^opcoTdrr) OTjpicov ovaa,
(j)dXaLva Se e? tou? yn^pafjiov^; t?}? ^apvyyof;
dvaXa/ji/Sdvec tou? aKVjuivov<;, eirethdv (f)ev<yrj ri
eavrfj^; jiel^ov ; koI e^^iSva M(j)07) vrore to?;? o(j)eL<;,
01)9 direreKe, Xiy^jioy ixevr] kol Oepairevovaa eKKec-
fievr) rfi y\d)TTrj. fMrj yap Sex^/^^Oa, m AdfiL, rov
evrjOif] \oyov, 009 djurJTope'; 01 tmv i'^iSvcov TLKTOvrai,
tovtI yap ov8e rj ^vai,^ ^vyKe')(d>p7)Kev, ovre rj
Tretyoa." vTroXafioov ovv 6 Aa//-i9 " ^vy^wpel^ ow,"
e(j)7], *' TOP ^vpLiTihriv eiraLvelv eVt tw lap^^eUo
TOVTCp, (p 7reiroi7]Tat avrcp rj 'AvSpofid'^r) Xiyovaa
diracrt 8* dvOp(t)7roL<; dp r)v
- ' ^yyX^P^y e^^> " o'0(j)M<; yap /cal haLjJboviw^
€Lpt]Tac, TToXXo) 8' dv (TO<pcoTepop /cal dXrjOiarepop
el)(ev, el Trepl irdprcov ^wcov v/uLvrjToy " eoiKa^;,^'
e^T], " ^AiroXXoovie, fxeraypdc^eiv to la/i/Selov, iv*
ovT(o<; aSoifiev'
aTraai oe ^o)oi,<; ap ijv
Kal eTTOfiab aoi, jSeXriov ydp,^^
156
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
offspring, for they are su})erior creatures ; but sliall chap.
we not admire the whales and seals and the viviparous ^^^
species? For I once saw a seal that was kept shut The tame
up at Aegae in the circus, and she mourned so Aegae
deeply for her whelp, which had died after being born
in confinement, that slie refused food for three days
together, although she is the most voracious of
animals. And the whale takes up its young ones
into the cavities of its throat, whenever it is fleeing
from a creature bigger than itself. And a viper has
been seen licking the serpents whicli it had borne,
and caressing them with her tongue, which she
shoots out for the purpose. But we need not
entertain, Damis, the silly story that the young of
vipers are brought into the world without mothers ;
for that is a thing which is consistent neither with
nature nor with experience."
Damis then resumed the conversation bv saving :
" You Avill allow me then to praise Euripides, for
this iambic line which he puts into the mouth of
Andromache :
' And in the case of all men, then, their life lay
in their children.' "
"I admit," said Apollonius, "that that is said
cleverly and divinely; but much cleverer and truer
would have been the verse, if it had included all
animals." "^ Then you would like," said Damis,
" O Apollonius, to rewrite the line so that we might
sing it as follows :
' And in the case of all animals, then, their life lay
in their children.'
and I agree with you, for it is better so."
157
FLAVILS PHILOSTRATUS
XV
CAP. ** AXX eKeli'o jjlol etVe* ovk iv ap-^f) tmp Xoycov
e(pa/jL6v aocfiLav elvai irepl tol"? iXe<j)avTa<i /cat vovv
irepl a Trpdrrovai ; " fcal etACOTco?," elirev, " w
Ad/jLi, €(pafi€v, el jdp jxtj vov^ €fcv/3epva roBe to
orfpiov, OUT av avro oLeyiyvero ovt av ra euvrj, ev
ot9 yiyverai.'^ " tl ow," ecprj, " ovtco<; d/jLaOo)'^ kol
ov irpo^ TO '^p7]aip,ov eai/rot? rrjv hid^acnv ttolovv-
rat ; ^yecrat [xev ydp, &)9 opa^;, 6 /jbLKpoTarof;,
eTrerai Be avrw Tt9 oXlyo) /lel^cov, etra virep tovtov
erepo^;, koX ol jxeyiaTOt KaroirLv 7rdvTe<;. eBei, Be
iTov Tov evavTLOv rpoTTOv. avTOv<; iropevecrdaL Kai
TO 1/9 /jLeylarovf; Tei')(r} koI TrpofiX'^/jLara eavTcov
TroieiaOat." " d\\\ w Aayu-i," 6^77, Trpcorov fiev
v'TTO(^evyeLv eoiKacJL Btco^iv dvOpcoTrcov, ol<i irov /cal
ivTev^ofxeOa eTTOixevoi^ tu> t^i^et, irpof; Be tol'9
i7rLK€i/jLevov<; Bel ra Kara vcorov ire^pd-^OaL fjbdXkov,
ioaTrep iv T0t9 7roXe/j,ot^, koX tovto ra/criKcoTaTOv
rjyov TMV OripLcov, eTreira r) Bid^aai^, el jxev irpoBie-
(3aLvov ol p^kyiGTOL a(f)a)v, ovttco reK/jUiipecrOac
irapel'^ov dv tov vBaTO<; el Bia/SijaovTaL irdvTe^;,
Tot9 fJbev yap ev7rop6<; Te koX paBia 1) 7repaico(TL<;
uyjr7]\oTdTOL<i ovat, toc<; Be )(^a\e7rt] Te koI a7ro/309,
158
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
XV
" But tell me this : did we not, at the beginning chap.
of our conversation, declare that the elephants dis- -^^
play wisdom and intelligence in what they do ? " ^JJ^^j^^^"^^'
" Why certainly/' he replied, we did say so, Damis ; elephants
for if intelligence did not govern this animal, neither pursued in
would it subsist, nor the populations among which it "^jossing a
lived." '^^ Why then," said Damis, '^' do they conduct
tlieir passage over the river in a way so stupid and
inconvenient to themselves ? For as you see, the
smallest one is leading the way, and he is followed
by a slightly larger one, then comes another still
larger than he, and the biggest ones come last of all.
But surely they ought to travel in the opposite
fashion, and make the biggest ones a wall and
ram})art in front of themselves." " But," replied
Apollonius, " in the first place they appear to be
running away from men who are pursuing them, and
whom we shall doubtless come across, as they follow
the animals' tracks ; and they must and ought to use
their best strength to fortify their rear against attack,
as is done in w^ar; so that you may regard the elephant
as the best tactician to be found among animals.
Secondly, as they are crossing a river, if their biggest
ones went first, that would not enable the rest of the
herd to judge whether the water is shallow enough
for all to pass ; for the tallest ones would find the
passage practicable and easy, but the others would
find it dangerous and difficult, because they would
not rise above the level of the stream. But the fact
that the smallest is able to get across is a sign in
itself to the rest that there is no difficulty. And
159
CAr.
XV
CAP.
XVI
FLAVTUS PHILOSTRATUS
fXTj itTvepaipovai tov f)€v/jLaro>iy SieXOoiv Se o a/jbt/cpo-
TaT09 TO aXviTOV 1)^7] KoI T0t9 XoiTTOl'^ €pfjLr)V€V€L,
Kol aX-Xo)? OL fjbeu fiei^ov^; 7rpo€fi/3aiPOVTe^ koiXo-
Tepov av TOV irorapAyv aiTO(^aivoiev toI^ a/jLL/cpol<;,
avdyfC)] yap avvi^dveLV rrjv tkvv e? l36dpov<; 8td re
jSapvnjra tov Oi^piov hid re Tra^vTrjTa twv ttoSmv,
ol 8' eX«TT0L'9 ovSev av ^XdTTTOiev rr/i^ tmv
fiGL^ovcov Siairopelav tJttov epL^oO pevovTe^^^
XVI
Eiyft) he evpov ev toI^ ^\6j3a \6yot<;, &)9 Kal
^vWa/Jb^dvovaiv aWijXoL^; iv tj} Orjpa Kal
irpotaTavTai tov a7^e^7^o^'T09, kclv e^eXcovTat avTov,
TO hd/cpvov T7]<; d\or)^ iiraXeic^ovai T0t9 Tpav/j-aac
7r€pL€aTMTe<; coaTrep laTpoi.^^ iroWd Totaina i<pL\o-
o-ocj^eiTO avTOLf; d(f)opixd<i iroLovfievoc'; tcl \6yov
d^ia.
XVII
CAP. fa he Neapp^w re Kal Hvdayopa irepl tov 'A/ce-
(7 LVOV TTOTafiov elpTj/jieva, 0)9 ea^dWec jxev 69 tov
^Ivhov 0L'T09, Tpe(^et he 6cf)€L(; e^hofirjKovTa tttj'^cov
/jLrJK0<i, TOcavTa elvai (f)acnv, oirola ecprjTai, Kal
dvaKeia6(D /jlol 6 A-0709 69 tol'9 hpdKOVTa<i, mv
Ad/jLC<; d<prjy€LTat ttjv Orjpav. d^LKOfxevou he eirl
TOV ^Ivhbv Kal 7r/309 htaBdaei tov iroTapiov ovTe's
TjpovTO TOV Jia/3v\covtov, et tl tov TTOTafjiov olhe,
hiaPdaeo)f; irepi epa)Ta>i^T69, he ovtto) e^rj
160
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
moreover, if the bigger ones went in first, they would chap.
deepen the river for the small ones, for the mud is ^^
forced to settle down into ruts and trenches, owing
to the heaviness of the animal and the thickness of his
feet ; whereas the larger ones are in no way preju-
diced bythe smaller ones crossing in front, because
they sink in less deeply."
XVI
" And I have read in the discourse of Juba that chap
elephants assist one another when they are being ^^ ^
hunted, and that they will defend one that is
exhausted, and if they can remove him out of danger,
they anoint his wounds with the tears of the aloe
tree, standing round him like physicians." Many
such learned discussions were suggested to them as
one occasion after another worth speaking of arose.
XVII
And the statements made by Nearchus and chap.
Pythagoras, about the river Acesines, to the effect ^^^'
that it debouches into the Indus, and that snakes live o?Kiug"^^
in it seventy cubits long, were, they say, fully verified Vardaues
by them ; but I will defer what I have to say till I come
to speak about dragons, of whose capture Damis gives
an account. But when they reached the Indus and
were inclined to pass over the river, they asked the
Babylonian whether he knew an}i;hing of the river,
and questioned him about how to get across it.
i6i
VOL. I. M
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAR Treifkevicevai avrov, ovBe ycyvcocrKeLv, oiroOev
irKenai. tl ovv, ecpaaav, ovk e/jiccrucoao)
rjye/iiova ; '* " otl ecrriv,^^ e^y], " o r^yrjaofJievo^^,^^ fcal
ajjia iSeiKW nva iTnaroXrjv 0)9 tovto irpd^ovaav,
ore Bt) Kol TOP OvapSdvrjv Trj<; re (f)cXav6p(07ria<;
KOI r7J<; eVtyu-eXeta? dyacrOrjvau (j^aac 7r/0O9 yap rov
iirl Tov ^IvBov aarpdirr^v eTre/jiyjre Tr)v i'irLGro\r)v
TavTr)v KaiToi fjur) vTrofceifJievov rfj eavrov dp-^fj,
€V6py€(TLa<; dva/jLL/jivij(TKCi)i/ avrov, Koi X^P^^ /^^^
ov/c av iir eKeivr) dTrairrjaai (f)daKcov — ov yap
elvai TTpo^ TOV eavrov rpoirov ro dvrairairelv —
^ AttoWcoviov Se VTroSe^afievq) kol Trifiyj/avrt 01
^ovXerai X^P^^ ^^ yvoivai. p^/9f cr^oz^ he rw rjyeixovu
eBco/cev, Xv el BerjOevra rov ^AttoWcovcov ataOoiro,
hoiY) rovro /cat fjurj e? dWov %eZ/9a ^Xeyfreiev. en el
Be rr}v iinaroXrjv 'Ii^8o? eXa(3e, fieydXcov re
d^LOvaOai e<pr) Kal (pcXorL/jirjaeaOat rrepl rov dvBpa
fietov ovBev rj el 6 ^aacXev<; rojv 'IvBcov virep avrov
eypa^e, Kal rrjv re vavv rrjv aarpaTTiBa eBcofcev
avro) efjifBrjvai irXold re erepa, icf)' 0)v al /cd/jLijXoi
eKOfjLL^ovro, riyefiova re rrj<^ yrj<^ irdar)^, fjv 6
TBpacorr)<; opl^et, 7r/909 re rov ^aaiXea rov eavrov
eypa'yjre (jlt) %et/Oft) avrov OvapBdvov yeveaOac irepl
dvBpa "^XXr]vd re Kal delov.
162
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
But he said that he had never navigated it^ nor did chap.
he know whence they could get a boat on to it. " Why ^^ ^^
then/' said they, '^^did you not hire a guide?"
" Because/' he said, ^' I have one who will direct us."
And with that, he showed them a letter, written to
that effect, and this gave them occasion to marvel
afresh at the humanity and foresight of Vardanes.
For he had addressed the letter in question to the
satrap of the Indus, although he was not subject to
his dominion ; and in it he reminded him of the
good service he had done him, but declared that
he would not ask any recompense for the same,
" for," he said, " it is not my habit to ask for a return
of favours." But he said he would be very grateful,
if he would give a welcome to Apollonius and send
him on wherever he wished to go. And he had given
gold to the guide, so that in case he found Apollonius
in want thereof, he might give it him and save him
from looking to the generosity of anyone else. And
when the Indian received the letter, he declared that
he was highly honoured, and would interest himself in
the sage as much as if the king of India had written
in his behalf; and he lent his official boat for him
to embark in and other vessels on which the camels
were ferried across, and he also sent a guide to the
whole of the country which is bordered by the
Hydraotes, and he wrote to his own king, begging
him not to treat with less respect than Vardanes a
man who was a Greek and divine.
163
M 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XVIII
CAP. 'Yov fjiev Sr) ^IvBov (bSe iirepaicoOrjaav crraStou?
fjLfjXi(7Ta reaaapcLKovTa, to yap ttXol/jlov avrov
ToaovTOV, irepl Se rod Trorafiov rovrov rdSe
ypd(j)ovcrr tov \vhov ap'^eaOat fiev e/c rov Kaf -
/cdaov /jiei^co avroOev i) ol Kara rrjv ^ Aalav TTorafiol
7rdvT€<;, Trpo^copelv Se 7roWov<; rcov vavcniropcov
kavTOv TTOLOv/juevov, dSeXcpd 8e tw NetXw irpdrTOVTa
rfj T€ ^IvSlktj i7n)^€laOat yrjv re iirdyeLv rfj yfj koI
'jrape')(eLV ^Ivhol^ rov AlyvTrncov rpoirov cnreipeLv,
yioGi 8' AlOLOiroiv T€ /cat K.aTaSov7rcov opcov
dvTiXeyeiv fiev ov/c d^ico Si-d tov<; elirovTa'^, ov firjv
^vvTiOe/jiaL ye XoyL^ofMevo^ rov 'IvSov, co? ravrbv
T(p NelXcp ipyd^erai /irj VL<j)Ofi€vr)<; rrj^ virep avrov
')((i)pa'^, Kol aXX&)9 rov 9eov oiSa fcepara rr]<; yr}<^
^L'/X7ra<j7;9 XlOioird'^ re kol \vhov<^ aTTOCJiaiVOvra
jieXaivovrd re tou? fxev dp'^opukvov rjXiov, rov<; Se
\/jyovro<;, o 7raJ9 av ^vve/Sacve rrepl rov^; dvO pcoTrov^ ,
el firj /cal rov yeifjitdva eOepovro ; rjv 8e dva irdv
ero<; OdXrreL yrjv rfkLO<;, 7rw9 dv rL<^ rjyolro VLCpecrdai.,
7rft)9 3' dv rrjv yiova yopi^yov T0t9 eKelvr) rrorajjiol^
yiyveaOai rov vrrepaipeLv rd a(pa)v avrcov fierpa ;
el Be /cal (pocrdv ^(^Lova €9 rd ovrco rrpoaeiXa, 7rco<;
dv avrrjv 69 rocrovSe dvayyOrjVat 7re\ayo<; ; 7ra)9 3'
dv dwo'^pfjo-aL Trora/JbO) /SvOl^ovrL Xtyvrrrov ;
164
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
XVIII
Thus they crossed the Indus at a point where it chap.
was nearly 40 stades broad, for such is the size of its ^^^^^
navigable portion ; and they -wTite the following '^uheiiRci
account of this river. They say that the Indus arises Indus
in the Caucasus and is bigger at its source than any of
the other rivers of Asia ; and as it advances it absorbs
into itself several navigable rivers and, like the Nile,
it floods the land of India and brings down soil over
it_, and so pro\n[des the Indians with land to sow in the
manner of the Egyptians. Now it is said that there
is snow on the hills in Ethiopia and in the land of
the Catadupi, and I do not choose to contradict, out of
respect for the authorities ; nevertheless, I cannot
agree with them, when I consider how the river
Indus effects the same results as the Nile, without any
snow falling on the country that rises behind and
above it. And moreover I know that God has set the
Ethiopian and the Indian at the two extremes or
horns of the entire earth, making black the latter
who dwell where the sun rises no less than the
former who dwell where it sets ; now how should
this be the case of the inhabitants, unless they en-
joyed summer heat during the winter ? But where
the sun warms the earth all through the year, how
can one suppose that it ever snows ? And how could
it ever snow there so hard, as to supply the rivers
there with water, 'and make them rise above their
normal levels ? But even if there were frequent
snowfalls in regions so exposed to the sun, how could
the melted snow ever cover such an expanse as to
resemble a sea ? And how could it ever supply a
river which deluges the whole of Egypt ?
i6S
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XIX
CAP. }^o/jLL^6fji€VOL Se Boa Tov IvSov 7roWoL<; fiev ifora-
fjbioL^ 'i7nroi<; ivTV')(eiv (f>acn, ttoWoI^ Se KpoKohei-
XoL^, coaTrep ol tov ^elXov irXeovre^;, XiyovaL Se
Kol avOr] Tw'Iz^^ft) elvat, ola tov ^eiXov dvacpveTao,
KoX Ta<; Mpa<^, at irepl Tr]v ^IvSlktjv elcrc, 'y^eLfiMVO^;
/jL€v aXeeiva^i elvai, 6epov<^ he TrvLyrjpd^, irpo'^ 3e
TOVTO apicTTa fieiJurj^avrjaOaL T(p haifjiOVL, ttjv yap
'^(opav avTOL(; Oajia veaOaL. (jyaal Se kol aKOvaai
t6)v ^IvSoov, 0)9 d^iKVOLTo fjbev jBacriXev'^ eirl tov
TTOTa/jLov TOVTOVy 0T6 dva^cjSd^otev avTov at aypac,
OvoL he avT(p Tavpov<^ re Kal ittttol'? iJLeXava<=; — to
yap XevKov dTLfzoTepov 'IvBol TiOevTat tov fieXavo<i
8c , olfiaL, TO eavTMV '^pcofia — dvaavTa he KaTa-
TTOVTOvv (fiacre tQ) Trora/xo) ')(^pvaovv /leTpov, el/ca-
a/jbevov TO) dirofxeTpovvTi tov (tItov, Kal e<j) otcd jiev
TOVTO irpdTTei o ^aaLXev<^, ov ^Vjjij^aXecrBai tov^
^\vhov<^, avTol he TeKixaipeaOai to fieTpov KaTa-
TTOVTOvcrOai tovto Tj inrep d(j>6ovia<^ KapTTMV, 01)9
yecopyol dTTOfieTpovaiv, rj virep ^v/jb/jieTpla'i tov
pevpiaTO^, ct)9 fJi^rf KaTaKXvaeue Tr)v yi)v ttoXv^
dcf)CK6pb€vo<;.
XX
CAP. HopevOevTa^ he avT0v<^ virep tov TroTa/juov rjyev
irapa tov aaTpdrrov yyeficov evOv tmv Ta^iXcov,
ov TO, ^aaiXeta rjv rw ^Ivhcp. aToXrjv he elvai to?9
166
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
XIX
And as they were being conveyed across the Indus, chap.
they say that they came across many river-horses_, ^^^
and many crocodiles, just as those do who sail along of^JheTndus
the Nile ; and they say that the vegetation on the with the
Indus resembles that which grows along the Nile, and
that the climate of India is sunny in winter, but
suffocating in summer ; but to counteract this
Providence has excellently contrived that it should
often rain in their country. And they also say that
they learned from the Indians that the king was in
the habit of coming to this river when it rose in the
appropriate seasons, and would sacrifice to the river
bulls and black horses ; for white is less esteemed by
the Indians than black, because, I imagine, the latter
is their own colour ; and when he has sacrificed, they
say that he plunges into the river a measure of gold
made to resemble that which is used in measuring
wheat. And why the king does this, the Indians,
they say, have no idea ; but they themselves con-
jectured that this measure was sunk in the river,
either to secure the plentiful harvest, whose yield
the farmers use such a measure to gauge, or to keep
the river within its proper bounds and prevent it
from rising to such heights as that it would drown
the land.
XX
And after they had crossed the river, they were chap
conducted by the satrap's guide direct to Taxila, -^^
where the Indian had his royal palace. And they f^^ian ^ *^®
say that on this side of the Indus the dress of the natives
167
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. jxera rov ^IvSov \ivov (f)aalv iy^^^coptov koI VTrohrj-
fiara pvpXov kul kvvtjv, ore vol, Kai pvaaw be
TOi'9 (f^avepcorepov^; avrcov (f^aatv earaXOai, rrjv Se
(Bvaaov (f)vea6ac SivSpov (pacrlv ofiolov fxev rfj
XevKj) TTjv jSdaw, irapaifkrjaiov he rfj Irea ra
TriraXa. koI T^aOrjvau ttj ^vcraw (fjrjalv 6 'AttoX-
X(ovLO<;, iTretSr} eoiKe (patw Tpi/3covL. koL e? At^i;-
iTTov he e'f ^\vho)v e? iroXXa twv Upcov (potTO, 77
I3vo-ao<;. ra Be Td^iXa /xeyeOo'^ fjuev elvai /card
Tr)v ^Ivov, TeT€i')(ia6aL Se ^v/xfjLeTp(o<i, Mairep at
'EXXaSe?, jBaaiXeia he elvai dvSpo'i rrjv Ucopov
Tore dp')(r}v dp^ovro<^, veoov he irpo rov Tei'^ov<;
ihelv (paaip ov irapd iroXv rcov eKaropbirohcov XiOov
KOfyyvXidrov, Kal KareaKevdadai n lepov iv avro)
yrrov fiev rj Kara rov vecov roaovrov re oma Kal
irepiKiova, Oavfidaac he d^iov y^aXKol <ydp irivaKe's
e'yKeKpoTTjvTaL rot^co e/cdarM, yeypa/ii/jievoL ra
Ucopov re koI ^AXe^dvSpov epya- yeypdcfyarat
he opei^^dX/coi Kal dpyvp(t> Kal ^pfcro) Kal ')(^aXKW
fxeXavL €Xe(papT€s Iitttoi arpariooraL Kpdvrj aa7nhe<;,
X6y')(ai he Kal ^eXr] Kal ^i(pri athijpov Trdvra, Kal
coaTrep X0709 evhoKi/juov ypa(j)rj<;, olov el 7iev^iho<;
elrj TC rj TloXvyvcorov re Kai ^{^(ppdvopo^, ot to
evaKLOV rjaTrdcravTO Kal to efjurvovv Kal to eaeyov
T€ Kal e^e')(ov, oi/to)?, (pacri, KaKel hia(f)aiV€Tai-, Kal
^vvTeTTjKacnv al vXai KaOdirep ypdifiaTa. i)hv he
Kal avTO TO rj9o<^ ttj^; ypa(f)rj(;' dva6els yap Taura
fierd Tr]v rov Ma/ccSoz^o? reXevTyv 6 IIco/oo? vlko,
iv avTol<; 6 Ma/ce^o)!^ koI tov Yloypov dvaKTarai
168
LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK II
people consists of native linen, with shoes of byblus chap.
and a hat when it rains ; but that the upper classes ^^
there are apparelled in byssus ; and that the byssus
grows upon a tree of which the stem resembles that
of the white poplar, and the leaves those of the
willow. And Apollonius says that he was delighted Byssus
with the byssus, because it resembled his sable Egypt ^
philosopher's cloak. And the byssus is imported into
Egypt from India for many sacred uses. Taxila, they
tell us, is about as big as Nineveh, and was fortified Greek
fairly well after the manner of Greek cities ; and here Temple at
was the royal residence of the personage who then Taxila
ruled the empire of Porus. And they saw a Temple,
Ihey say, in front of the wall, which was not far
short of 100 feet in size, made of porphyry, and
there was constructed within it a shrine, somewhat
small as compared with the great size of the Temple
which is also surrounded with columns, and deserving
of notice. For bronze tablets were nailed into each
of its walls on which were engraved the exploits of
Porus and Alexander. But the pattern was wrought
with orichalcus and silver and gold and black bronze,
and you saw elephants, horses, soldiers, helmets,
shields, and spears, and javelins and swords, all made
of iron ; and, if we are to believe report, in a re-
spectable style of art resembling that of Zeuxis or
Polygnotus and Euphranor, who delighted in light
and shade and infused life into their designs, as
well as a sense of depth and relief. And the metals
were blended in the design, melted in like so many
colours ; and the character of the picture was also
pleasing in itself, for Porus dedicated these designs
after the death of the Macedonian, who is depicted
in them in the hour of victory, reinstating Porus who
169
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Terpco/jbevov kol Scopelrat ttjv ^IvSlk7]v iavrov Xolttov
ovaav. Xeyerat oe kul Trevorjaai tov AXe^avopov
uTToOavovTa o YlMpo<;, oXocpvpaaOal re o)? yevvalop
fcal ')(p7]aT0v jBaaiXea, ^wz^to9 re ' AXe^dvhpov /jbera
rrfv Ik t>}9 ^\vhiKrj<^ dva-^coprjaLV firjre elirelv tl &)?
/SacnXev^ KaiTOi ^vy^^oypouvra, fjbrjre Trpoard^aL
TOL<; ^lvSot<;, aXX^ coairep craTpaTTTjf; <TCO(j)poavvrj(;
/x.6(7T09 elvat Kol TTpdrrecv 69 X^P^^ "^^^ i/ceivov
irdvra.
XXI
CAP. Ou ^t'7^&)/36t iJbOi \0709 irapeKOelv a irepl rov
Tloopov TovTOV dvaypdcf^ovcTf 7r/909 ^la^daei yap
TOV Ma/ceSoi/09 6vT0<; Kol ^vpb^ov\,evovT(ov avTw
ivLcov T0U9 virep rov Tcpaaiv re kol tov Vdyyrjv
TTOTafiov TTOietcrOai ^vixpbdxpv^, ov yap av irpo<;
T7)V \vhiKr]v Trdaav ^vfKJ^popovaav rrapaTa^eorOai
TTore avTov, el tolovtov eaTi yioi^ ecj)!], " to virrj-
Koov, ft)9 p^r] aco^eadac dvev ^vpup^d^cov, ip.ol /3e\~
Tiov TO p^Tj apx^Lv. dirayyeiXavTO'; he auTa>
Tivo<;, OTL Aapelov fjprjKe, " /SaatXea" e(f>7], "dvSpa
e OV. TOV oe eXecpavTa, e<p ov p^axj^auai ep^eWe,
Koapjr]aavTO<^ tov opeco/cop^ov Kai, elirovTOf; " ovTOf;
ere, CO paaiXev, oiaeu, eyco p,eu ovv, e(prj,
" TOVTOV, Tjv ye dvrjp ep^avTM op^oto^ yevcopLaLT
yvcoprjv Se Trotovpuevcov Svaau avTOV tm 7roTap,a),
01)9 P'T} Be^aoTO Ta^ M.aKeSovci)v cr^6Sta9, p/rjBe
ev7ropo<; to) AXe^dvBpqy yevocTO, " ov/c eaTtvJ^ €(f)rj,
" Tcov OTrXa e^ovTCov to KaTapdcrdat. pueTa Be ttjv
170
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
is Avounded_, and presenting him with India which was chap.
now his gift. And it is said that Porus was grieved ^^
at the death of Alexander^ and that he lamented andKkig^
him as a generous and good prince ; and as long as Porus
Alexander was alive after his departure from India,
he never used the royal diction and style, although
he had license to do so, nor issued kingly edicts to
the Indians, but figured himself as a satrap full of
moderation, and guided in every action by the wish
to please Alexander.
XXI
My argument does not allow me to pass over chap
the accounts written of this Porus. For when the ^^^
Macedonian was about to cross the river, and
some of Porus' advisers wished him to make an
alliance with the kings on the other side of
the Hyphasis and of the Ganges, urging that the
invader would never face a general coalition against
him of the whole of India, he replied : " If the
temper of my subjects is such that I cannot save
myself without allies, then for me it is better not to be
king." And when some one amiounced to him that
Alexander had captured Darius, he remarked, '"a king
but not a man." And when the mule-driver had
caparisoned the elephant on which he meant to fight,
and said : " He, oh king, will carry you," he replied :
" Nay, I shall carry him, if I prove myself the same
man I used to be." And when they counselled him to
sacrifice to the river, and induce it to reject the rafts
of the Macedonians, and make itself impassable to
Alexander, he said : It ill befits those who have
arms to resort to imprecation." And after the
171
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. /jLd')(^rjv, ore /cal rw 'AXe^dvSpay 6el6<^ re Kal virep
TTjv (pvaiv rrjv avupcoireiav eoo^ev, €i7rovTo<; rcov
^vyyevMi' rivo^; , " el Be 7rpo(TeKvvr](7a<^ Sta/Savra,
S) Yloype, ovT av r)TT7]6r)<i fj,a')(^6fi€V0<; ovr av
roaovTOi YvhSiv dirooXovro, ovr av avro's ire-
rpcoao, " eyo) rov AXi^avSpov, elire, " (f>i\orL-
/jborarov ukovcov ^vvrj/ca, ore TrpoaKwrjcravra iiev
hovXov jjie rjyrjaeraiy TroXe/jLyaavTa Be /SaaiXea,
Kal Oavfjid^eaOaL fiaXXov r]^iovv rj iXeeloSai, Kal
ovK e^evcrOriv' Trapacry^wv yap ifxavjov, olov
^AXe^av8po<; elBe, Trdvra iv rjjjiepa fjna Kal dirco-
Xeaa Kal iKrrjcrdfirjv. rotovrov jxev rov \vhov
TOVTOV i^i(TTOpov(TL, yevkdQai Se cj^acrcv avrov
KoXXiarov 'IvScov Kal firjKO'^, ocrov ovttco rcvd
dvOpoiiTfov TOdv fierd tov<; TpcotKov<; dvhpa^, elvao
Be KOfJLiBfi V60V, ore rS ^ AXe^dvBpcp eiroXeixei.
XXII
CAP. '"^Ov Be Bterpt^ev iv tcS lepw 'X^povov, iroXv^ Be
ovTO^ eyevero, ear av dyyeXdfj rw ^aaiXel ^evovs
rjKeiv, *' 0) ^dfjiiP ecfyrj 6 'AiroXXdiVio^i, " eari n
ypacpiKT]; et ye, enre, Kai aXrjUeia. irparrei
Be Tt 7) Teyyr] avrt];^ rd 'y^pdy/jbara,^' ec^?;, *'^vyK€-
pdvvvatv, OTToaa ean, rd Kvavd rot(; ^aTpa')(eiOL^
KOI rd XevKa toI<; fxeXaa-L Kal ra Trvpaa toI<;
co)(poL<;. ravTi be, rj 6 09, vTrep Tivo<; /j.l-
yvvcriv; ov yap virep fiovov rov dv6ovs, coairep ai
KrjpLvair " virep fitfirjaeco^^^ e<f)r), " Kal rov Kvva
re e^eiKdaac Kal lttttov Kat dvOpwirov Kat vavv Kai
172
I
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
battle, in which his conduct struck Alexander as chap.
divine and superhilman, when one of his relations
said to him : ^ If you had only paid homage to him
after he had crossed, O Porus, you would not
yourself have been defeated in battle, nor would so
many Indians have lost their lives, nor would you
yourself have been wounded," he said : " I knew from
report that Alexander was so fond of glory that, if I
did homage to him, he would regard me as a slave,
but if I fought him, as a king. And I much
preferred his admiration to his pity, nor was I wrong
in my calculation. For by shewing myself to be such
a man as Alexander found me, I both lost and won
everything in one day." Such is the character which
historians give of this Indian, and they say that he was
the handsomest of his race, and in stature taller than
any man since the Trojan heroes, but that he was
quite young, when he went to war with Alexander.
XXII
While he was waiting in the Temple, — and it took chap.
a long time for the king to be informed that ^^^^^
strangers had arrived, — Apollonius said : " O Damis, discusses"^
is there such a thing as painting ? " '^ Why, yes," painting
he answered, '•^ if there be any such thing as
truth." ^^And what does this art do.?" "It
mixes together," replied Damis, "all the colours
there are, blue with green, and white with
black, and red with yellow." "And for what
reason," said the other, "does it mix these.? For
it isn't merely to get a colour, like dyed wax."
" It is," said Damis, "for the sake of imitation, and
173
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. OTTOcra opa o rjXto^;' 7]Sr] Se kqX rov tjXlov avrov
i^eiKa^et rore fjuev iirl reTTapcov lttttcov, olo^;
ivravOa Xeyerat (paivecrOai, rore 8' av koI htairvp-
aevovra rov ovpavov, iireihav alOepa VTroypd^rj
fcal 6eo3v oIkov^ " fiL/j,7}cn<; ovv rj ypacjxKrj, O)
HapLc; TL 06 aWo; etirev, ei yap /jltj tovto
irpdrroi, yeXoia Bo^et '^pco/jbara irouovaa evrjOco^;.^^
- ra h iv Tw ovpavw, €(f)7], " IBXeTrojieva, iirecSav
at v€(f>6\at SiaaTraaOcoa-cv dir dWrjXcov, tov<;
KevTavpov^ /cat rpayeXdcpov^; Kai, vr) At , ol \vkol
re /cat ol 'iirirot, rt t^rjaet^; ap ov fjtifirjrt/crjfi elvat
epya; eot/cev, €(pr]. ^wypacpo^ ovv o ueo<;, w
Adfit, /cal /caraXtTTMv rb ttttjvov dpfia, i(f> ov tto-
peverai Sta/coa/icov ra Oeld re /cal dvOpcoTreta, KdOrj-
rat rore dOvpcov re Kat ypdc^cov ravra, coarnrep ol i
TTulBe^ iv rfj ■^dfifjiw; rjpvOplaaev o Ad/jLt<; e? ovrco^;
droTTOv i/CTreaelv S6^avro<; rov \6yov. ov^ virept- I
BoDv ovv avrov 6 W.7roWd)vto<;, ovSe yap irtKpo^;
iTpo^ rd<; e\6y^€L<; rjv, *'dXkd jxr] rovro, e^r), ^ovXec
Xeyetv, co Ad/jtc, ro ravra fxev darjjid re /cal co? erv)(^e
Bid rov ovpavov (pepeaOat roye 67rl rw Oeth, r)/jtd<i
Be (pvaei ro fitfnjrt/cov e^ovra'^ dvappvOpttl^eLV re
avrd /cal iroielv ; " '* p^dXXovT ecftrj, " rovro 7]yco-
jmeOa, w ^ArroXXcovte, mOavcorepov yap /cal ttoXXo)
^eXnovT *' Birrr} dpa rj fjuiixrirtKr), a) Ad/jbt, /cat
174 ,
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
to get a likeness of a dog, or a liorse^ or a man^ or a chap.
ship, or of anything els^ under the sun ; and what is ^^'^
more, you see the sun himself represented, sometimes
borne upon a four horse car, as he is said to be seen
here, and sometimes again traversing the heaven
with his torch, in case you are depicting the ether
and the home of the gods." " Then, O Dam is,
painting is imitation?" ^* And what else could it
be ? " said he : '^ for if it did not effect that, it would
be voted to be an idle playing with colours." "And,"
said the other, " the things which are seen in
heaven, whenever the clouds are torn away from one
another, I mean the centaurs and stag-antelopes, yes,
and the wolves too, and the horses, what have you
got to say about them ? Are we not to regard
them as works of imitation ? " " It would seem so,"
he replied. " Then, Damis, God is a })ainter, and
has left his wmged chariot, upon which he travels, as
he disposes of affairs human and divine, and he sits
down on these occasions to amuse himself by
drawing these pictures, as children make figures in
the sand." Damis blushed, for he felt that his
argument was reduced to such an absurdity. But
Apollonius, on his side, had no wish to humiliate him,
for he was not unfeeling in his refutations of people,
and said : " But I am sure, Damis, you did not mean
that ; rather that these figures flit through the heaven
not only without meaning, but, so far as providence
is concerned, by mere chance ; while we who by
nature are prone to imitation rearrange and create
them in these regular figures." "We may," he
said, " rather consider this to be the case, O Apollo-
nius, for it is more probable, and a much sounder
idea." " Then, O Damis, the mimetic art is
175
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Tr)v fiev rjycti/jueOa oiav ry Xet/Ot aTTO/jLt/jbelaOaL koI
TO) va>, <ypa(f)iKrjv Be eivai ravTijv, rrfv 3* av /juovcp
TOt) v(p ecKa^ecv. ov oLrrrjv, ecprj o Z\ayu-i9,
- ' dWa Trjv jiev reXecorepav rjyelcrOaL 7rpoa7]K€i
ypa(j)CK7]v ye ovaav, rj SvvaraL koI tw vS> koI ttj
X^^P^ i^GLKciaai,, T7]v Se erepav 6/c€iV7]<^ fiopiov,
eweLSr) ^VVi7](JL /jL6V KoX /JLL/JL€iTaL T« V& Kol flT)
ypa(f}LK6<i TL^i COV, TTj %€^/3l 3e OVK av 69 TO ypdcj)6LV
avrd p^^?7cratT0." " dpa,^^ ecj^r], " w Ad/jui, ireirT]-
pco/jLevo<; rrjv X^^P^ ^'^^ 7r\r)yrj<; tivo<; rj voaov ; "
- ' jia At," elirev, *' a)OC viro tov yLtryre ypacpuSo^;
TLvo<; r)<^6aL, /jbrjre opydvov tlvo<; rj XP^P'^'^^^* dW
dfjbaOciy^; e^eti^ tov ypd(j>€LV.^^ " ovKovv^'e^r), " c5
AdfjLi, d/jL(j)co 6/JLo\oyov/jL€V /JLtfjirjTLKrjv fJLev eK (pvaeco's
TOfc? dvOpcoTTOL^; 7]fC€Lv, Trjv ypa(f>Lfcr]v Se eK re^z^?/?.
tovtI S dv KoX Trepl rrjv irXaart/crjv ^aivoLTO. Trjv
he Srj ^(oypa(f)iav avTrjv ov /jlol SofceL<; fiovov Tr)v
Bid TMV ^/oco/i-aro)!^ rjyelaOaL, /cal yap ev XP^P^^
69 avrrjv rjp/cecre tol<; ye dpxaioTepoL^; TOiV ypa(f)€o)v
/cal irpolovaa rerrdpcov eira ifKeiovcov Tj-^jraro,
dWd Kal ypa/ji/Jbrjv Kal to dvev ^/9ft;/i,aT09, o Brj
(jKid^i re ^vy/cetrai Kal (pcoro^;, ^coypa(f)iav irpoa-
r]Kei KaXelv kol yap ev avrot^; o/jbOLorrjf; re opdrai
elB6<i re Kal vov<; Kal al8a)<; Kal Opaavrrj^;, Kanoi
XVP^^^^ ^/9a)yLtaT&)i^ ravTO., Kal ovre alfia ivarj/jbaL-
V€L ovre KOjjbr]^ tlvo<; rj v7r7]V7]<; dv6os, aWa
/jLOvoTpoTrco*; ^vvnOe/jieva tw t€ ^avOa> dvOpcoirw
176
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
twofold, and we may regard the one kind as an chap.
employment of the hands and mind in producing imi- ^^^^
tations, and declare that this is painting, whereas the
other kind consists in making likenesses with the mind
alone." Not twofold/' replied Damis^ " for we ought
to regard the former as the more perfect and more
complete kind being anyhow painting, and a faculty
of making likenesses with the help both of mind and
hand ; but we must regard the other kind as a depart-
ment of that, since its possessor perceives and imi-
tates with the mind^ without having the delineative
faculty, and would never use his hand in depicting
its objects." *' Then," said Apollonius, " you mean,
Damis, that the hand is disabled by a blow or by
disease?" ^^ No," he answered, "but it is disabled,
because it has never handled pencil nor any
instrument or colour, and has never learned to
draw." "Then," said the other, "we are both of
us, Damis, agreed that man owes his mimetic faculty
to nature, but his power of painting to art. And
the same would appear to be true of plastic art. But,
methinks, you would not confine painting itself
to the mere use of colours, for a single colour was
often found sufficient for this purpose by our older
painters ; and as the art advanced, it employed four,
and later, yet more ; but we must also concede the
name of a painting to an outline drawn without any
colour at all, and composed merely of shadow and
light. For in such designs we see a resemblance, we
see form and expression, and modesty and bravery,
although they are altogether devoid of colour ; and
neither blood is represented, nor the colour of a
man's hair or beard ; nevertheless these compositions
in monochrome are likenesses of people either tawny
177
VOL. I. N
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. eoLice fcal tm XevKO), kclv tovtodv tlvcl tmv IvZoiv
XXII ' '
Xevfcy TTJ jpa/ji/jufj ^ypd^^wixev, p£\a<^ Stjirov So^ei,
TO yap vTToaL/jLOV Trj<; pLvo^ koX ol opOol l36aTpv')(pL
KoX T) irepLTTT) y€vv<; /cat rj irepl rotf; 6(j)6a\/jLOi<i
olov 6K7r\ri^L<; fiekaLvei ra opcofieva kol Ivhov
v7roypd(f)€L roi<^ ye fir] dvorjT(jd<; opcoatv. oOev
eoTTOL/jb av Kol TOL'9 6pcovTa<; TO, tt)? ypa^iKpj^ epya
/jbLfir}TLKr]<; helaOai' ov yap av iTraivecreie ti<; tov
yey pa fJL [lev ov lirirov rj ravpov /jltj to ^(oov evOvp,7)-
6e\<; c5 elica<JTai, ov8 av tov AcavTo. Ti9 tov
TLp.o/jbd')(^ov dyaaOeiri, 09 hr] dvayeypaiTTai avT(h
IJLefJi7]V(o<;, el firj dvaXd^oL tl 69 tov vovv A.tavTO<^
etScoXov Kal &)9 elKo<^ avTOV direKTOVOTa tcu ev Tjj
Tpola /3ov/c6Xca /caOrjaOai direiprifcoTa, fiovXrjv
iroiovfievov Kal eavTov KTelvau. TavTl Be, m Ad/JLL,
TCL TOV Hcopov SauSaXa /juiJTe ')(aXKevTCKrj<; /juovov
dirocpaLvco/jLeOay yey pa fifjievoL<; yap etKaaTat, /xr^re
ypa(^iK?)<^, eireLhr) eycCXKevQi), oKX i^yoiixeOa ao<pL-
aaaOai avTcu ypa^LKov Te Kal ')(aXKevTLKov eva
avhpa, olov Sij tl Trap' 'Ofjbtjpw to tov 'H^atcrrou
irepl TTjv TOV 'A;)^tXXe&)9 daTrlSa dva^aiveTai.
[xecFTa yap Kal TavTa oXXvvtcov Te Kal oXXvp,e-
vcov, Kal T7]v yrjv r/fiaTcoaOai, (ptjaec*; ')(aXK?}V
ovaav.
178
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
or white, and even if we drew one of these Indians chap
with a white pencil, yet he would seem black, for ^-^^^
there would be his flat nose, and his stiff curling
locks and prominent jaw, and a certain gleam about
his eyes, to give a black look to the picture and
depict an Indian to the eyes of all those who have
intelligence. And for this reason I should say that
those who look at works of painting and drawing
require a mimetic faculty ; for no one could
appreciate or admire a picture of a horse or of a bull,
unless he had formed an idea of the creature
represented Nor again could one admire a picture
of Ajax, by the painter Timomachus, which represents
him in a state of madness, unless one had conceived in
one's mind first an idea or notion of Ajax, and had
entertained the probability that after killing the '
flocks in Troy he would sit down exhausted and
meditate suicide. But these elaborate works of
Porus we cannot, Damis, regard as works of brass
founding alone, for they resemble regular pictures,
nor as works of painting alone, for they are cast in
brass ; so let us regard them as the chefs d' ceiivre
of a man who is both painter and brass-founder
at once, and as similar to the work of Hephaestus
upon the shield of Achilles, as revealed in Homer.
For there are crowded together in that work too
men slaying and slain, and you would say that
the earth was stained with gore, though it is made
of brass."
179
N 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XXIII
XXIII
CAP. Toiavra cr-TTOvM^ovrL tm dvSpl icpio-ravrai
' ""' irapa rod i3a(7L\6co<; dyyeXoi koI epfiTjvev^, w?
TTOLOiTO avTov 6 ^a(Ti\€v^ ^hov €9 rpel^ r)fi6pa<;,
fjurj yap irXeiovcDV vevofiiaOat tol'9 ^evou^ ivofiLkelv
T77 TToXeL, KoX rjyovvTO avTM e9 ra /SacnXeLa. v
7ro\t9 8' ft)9 fJiev exec rod reuxov^, eipi-jKa, (j^aal 8'
ft)9 araKTco^ re Kal 'Attlkco<; tou9 (TT6vco7rov<i
TeTfjL7)raL KareaKevacrTat re oldaL^, el fiev e^coOev
opcDT] Tt9 avTCi^, eva e%ouo-ai9 6po(pov, el 3' eorco j
irapeXOoL Tt9, v7royeioL<; r^hr) /cal '7rapexo/J^evaL<; Ua
T0?9 dvd) ra vtto ry yrj.
XXIV
CAP. 'lepov 3e ISetv 'UXtov <haalv, « avelro Aia^
e\e(/)a9, /cal dyaXfiaTa 'AXe^dvBpov %pi^o-a /cal .
nco/30u eVeoa, %a\/coi) 8' r)v ravra fxeXavo^. ol Se 1
rov lepov rolxot, irvpaah XiOoi^ vTraarpaTrreL
Xpv(To<; avyrjv e/c8t5ou9 eoiKvlav clktIvl. to Se
eSo9 avTO fiapyapiTiSo'; ^vyKecraL ^vfi^oXifcov
TpoTTov, S pdplSapoL irdvTe^ k -rd lepd XP^vjai,
i8o
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
XXIII
While the sage was engaged in this conversation, chap.
messengers and an interpreter presented themselves ^^^^^
from the king, to say that the king would make him on^ouses""
his guest for three days/ because the laws did not "^ Taxiia
allow of strangers residing in the city for a longer
time ; and accordingly they conducted him into the
palace. I have already described the way in which
the city is walled, but they say that it w as divided up
into narrow streets in the same irregular manner as
is Athens, and that the houses were built in such a
way that if you look at them from outside they had
only one storey, while if you went into one of them,
you at once found subterranean chambers extending
as far below the level of the earth as did the
chambers above.
XXIV
And they say that they saw a Temple of the Sun chaf.
in w^hich was kept a sacred elephant called Ajax, and ^^^^
there were images of Alexander made of gold, and Sephant'^^
others of Porus, though the latter were of black AJa^. '"^nd
bronze. But on the walls of the Temple there were ^SeSnder
red stones, and gold glittered underneath, and gave
off a sheen as bright as sunlight. But the statue w^as
compacted of pearls arranged in the symbolic manner
affected by all barbarians in their shrines.
^ Compare the proverb " Saepedies post tres vilescit piscis
et hospes," and cp. W. Robertson Smith, Religion of the
Semites, 1901, p. 270.
l8i
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XXV
CAP. Uepl Se ra jBaaiXeia ovre oyKOV IBelv (f>aai,v
olfcoSofjiyfiaTcov, ovre hopv^opov^ r} (f)vXaKa^, dX}C
ola vrepl Ta<; tmv Xafiirpcov olKia^;, oXiyov^; oiKeraf;
KoX hta\€')(OrjvaL tw ^acriXet Seofievovf; rpel*;,
olfxai, Tj reTTapa^;' koI tov Koafiov tovtov dya-
aOrjvat fidWov rj ra ev ^a^vXcovc (pXey/xaivovTa,
Kol iToWw TrXeov eaco TrapeXOovre^i' /cat yap tov<;
dvSpcJovas Kol Ta9 <jto<x9 koI rrjv avXrjv irdaav
KeKoXdaOai (^aalv.
XXVI
CAP. "Eiho^ev ovv TO) ^ AttoXXcovlo) cpcXoaocpetv 6 'lvSo<;
Koi 7rapaaTrj(Td/ji6vo(i tov epfjurjvea, " ^at/oo)," elirev,
"&) (BaaiXev, <^iXoao(^ovvTd ae opcov." "eyco Se virep-
'X^aipM, €(p7], €7rei,or} ovrco irepi e/uLov oiei. tovtl
Se vevofJULCTTaL irap vplv elirev, "rj av Trpb^ to iirt-
€iK€^ Tovro Tr)V dp')(r)v KaTeaTr)a(i) ; " *' o-w^/owto?,"
ec^rj, *' v€VO/jLLa/jL€V(p acocppovearepov ')(^p(bfjLai,, koX
irXelcTTa /juev e'X^co dv6pco7rcov, heojiai 8e oXiywv, ra
yap iroXXa tmv (j)LXct)v tmv ifiavrov rjyovfLai.
- ' jiaKapie tov 6r)<javpov,'^ elirev, *' el ^pvaov re
K.a\ dpyvpov dvTepvy tov<; cj)iXov(;, ef mv dva-
(pveTat <JOi iroXXd re Ka\ dyaOd. "kol firjv Kal
TOt? e')(6pol<;^^ €(f)r], " kolvcovm tov ttXovtov. tov<;
yap del ttotc Scacpopovs Tfj X^P^ TavTy ^ap^dpov^
182
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
XXV
And in the palace they say that they saw no chap.
X J w *i "Y" v V
magnificent chambers^ nor any bodyguards or _
sentinels, but, as is the case in the houses of the ofThe " ^
upper class, a few servants ; and only three or four of .i?^^"..,
1 1.1 .111. * 1 J^ui&^s life
them, who required to converse with the king. And
they say that they admired this arrangement more
than they did the pompous splendour of Babylon, and
their esteem was enhanced when they went within.
For the men's chambers and the porticoes and the
whole of the vestibule were in a very chaste style.
XXVI
So the Indian was regarded by Apollonius as a chap.
philosopher, and addressing him through an inter-
preter, he said : " I am delighted, O king, to find ufe and
you living like a philosopher." "And I," said the p*^^*^^
other, " am over delighted that you should think of
me thus." "And," said Apollonius, "is this customar}'
among you, or was it you yourself established your
government on so modest a scale? " "Our customs,"
said the king, " are dictated by moderation, and I am
still more moderate in my carrying them out ; and
though I have more than other men, yet I want
little, for I regard most things as belonging to my
o^^^l friends." " Blessed are you then in your
treasure," said Apollonius," "if you rate your friends
more highly than gold and silver, for out of them
grows up for you a harvest of blessings." " Nay
more," said the king, " 1 share my wealth also with
my enemies. For the barbarians who live on the
183
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Trpocroifcovvra^; koI KaTahpofxal's ^/ocoyLtei^of? e?
XXVI J \ r/ f r. \ r> , \
rafia opta viroiroiovfJuiL rovroLcn roc^i ')(^pi]pLacn, kul
8opv(f)op€iTaL jJiOL vir avTcov rj ^copa, /cal ovre
avTol eVl TCLfjia (^oltmcfl tou? re ofjuopov^ avTOt<;
/3apl3dpov(; aveipyovat, ')(aXe7rov<i 6vTa<;.'^ ipofievov
Be avTov rod AttoWcovlov, el koI TIco/^o? avTOL<;
ireXec 'x^prjfjiaTa, " Ilftj^o?," elire, " TroXifiov r)pa,
iyo) 8e elprjvrj<;.^ irdvv TOi<; Xoyotf; tovtoi<;
e^eipovTO Tov 'AttoWcovlov, koI ovtw^ avrov
r)TTr)6ri, oo^; ^vcppdry irore eTriirXrjTTWv /iirj (f)iXoao-
(f)ovvrt, " r}fjb€i(; Be dXXa tov ^Ivhov ^padyrrjv alSco-
/xe^a," (pdvai, ovofjua yap tw \vB(p rouro 7]v.
aarpdirov Si, eTrecSy peydXcov Trap' avrov rj^icoOr},
^ovXrjOevro^; avrov dvaSrjaai piirpa ')(^pvaf] k€KO-
a jjurf fjievr] XlOoi<; ttolkLXol^, " iyco, ' €(f)r), " el fcal roiv
^7]Xovvr(ov ra rotavra rjv, Trapyrrjad/jLrjv dv avra
vvv /cal direppi^^a rrj<^ Ke(^aXr)<; AiroXXfoviw
ivrv^cov, 069 Se fiijTro) irporepov dvahelaOai rj^icoaa,
TTW? dv vvv KoapoifiTjv rov fiev ^evov dyvorjaaf;,
epuavrov he eKXaOo/ievo^; ; " rjpero avrov Kai rrepi
Stair7j(; 6 'ATToXXcoz^io?, o Si, " ocvov pAv, €^Vy
" TTivco roaovrov, ocrov rw 'HXto) airevSw, d S dv
ev Orjpa Xd/3(o, ravra airovvrai erepoi, ep,ol 8'
aTTO'^pr] rb yeyvpvdaOac. rd 8e 6/xa air la \d')((Civa
Kal (f)OLVL/ccov iyfcecf^aXoi /cal o Kapiro^; rwv ^olvlkmv
/cal orroaa 6 irorap.0^ Krjirevei. rroXXa Be piOL Kai
drro BevBpcov (pverai, mv yecopyol aiBe al ^et/oe?.
ravra dKOvcov 6 W.7roXXd)vio<; inreprjBero re Kai e?
rov Adp^iv Sapid ecopa.
184
LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK II
border of this country were perpetually quarrelling chap.
with us and making raids into my territories^ but I ^^^ ^
keep them quiet and control them with money, so
that my country is patrolled by them, and instead of
their invading my dominions, they themselves keep
off the barbarians that are on the other side of the
frontier, and are difficult people to deal with." And
when Apollonius asked him, whether Porus also had
paid them subsidy, he replied : " Porus was as fond of
war as I am of peace." By expressing such sentiments
he quite disarmed Apollonius, who was so captivated
by him, that once, when he was rebuking Euphrates
for his want of pliilosophic self-respect, he remarked :
'^ Nay, let us rather reverence Phraotes the Indian,"
for this was the name of the Indian. And when a
satrap, for the great esteem in which he held the
monarch, desired to bind on his brow a golden mitre
adorned with various stones, he said : ^Even if I were
an admirer of such things, I should decline them now,
and cast them off my head, because I have met with
Apollonius. And how can I now adorn myself with
ornaments which I never before deigned to bind upon
my head, without ignoring my guest and forgetting
myself? " Apollonius also asked him about his diet,
and he replied : "^I drink just as much wine as I pour
out in libation to the Sun ; and whatever I take in the
chase I give to others to eat, for I am satisfied with
the exercise I get. But my own meal consists ot
vegetables and of the pith and fruit of date palms,
and of all that a well- watered garden yields in the
way of fruit. And a great deal of fruit is yielded
to me by the trees which I cultivate with these
hands." When Apollonius heard this, he was more
than gratified, and kept glancing at Damis.
i8s
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XXVII
irapa tov<; ^pa')(^fidva<;, rov fjuev irapa rod Ba/3fX&)-
vLov rjye/jLova eKeXevae ^evl^eiv, cocTTrep elcoOet tou?
eV ^al3v\(bvo<; y/covra^;, rbv Se irapa rov aarpaTrov
cLTnevai Xafiovra icpoSia, avTO^; Be \al36/jL€vo<; tt)?
Tov ^ AttoWcovlov '^eipo'^, koI Ke\evaa<^ airekOelv
Tov epfj.r]V€a, ap dv" ecfyrj, "TrotTjaaLO fxe <tv/jl-
TTOTTjv ; ripero o avrov (pcovr) htXAaoi. eKirXa-
y6VT0<; Be tov ^ AiroWcoviov Kai, " tov X^P^^ ^^'^ ^'?
apxj]^ ovTco OLeXeyov ; (prjaavTO^, eoeiaa, ecpr),
'* Opa<TVs ho^ai [XT] <yi'yv(i)(TKa)v ifiavTov, fiTjS^ oti
^dp^apov elvai fxe Sofcel tj) tv^JI^ (^ov Be r]TTr)6eL<i,
eTreiSr} /cat ae opoj i/xol x^ipovTa, ovk yBvvijOrjv
ifxavTov KpvirT€iv, o)? Be yaecrro? elfJLL t% '^Xkrjvoiv
<l)covrj<;, ev TroA-Xot? BijXcoao).^^ " tl ovv^^ elirev,
" ov/c avTo^ eTTTj'yyeiKa'; i/juol to crv/jL7r6aL0V, aXX
€fie aoL KsXevet^ iTrayyeWeiv ; " " oti ere," e(f)r},
" ^eXTici) ifiavTOv riyov/iaL, to yap ^aatkiKcoTepov
(T0(^ia h^ei. Kai a/na -qyev avTov re koX tov<; dfL(f>
avTov, ovirep elcoOet XovaOat. to Be ^akavelov
TrapdBeLcro^; rjv aTaBiov /jurj/co^;, m fxearj KoXvjji^rjOpa
evcopcopvKTo Trrjyaf; e/cBexo/jievT] TroTifiov Te Kai
'^V'xpov vBaTO<;, to, Be icj)' etcaTepa Bpofioc rjcrav, ev
OL'i CLKOVtIw Te Kai Bi<JK(p tov 'FjWtJVLKOV TpOTTOV
i86
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
XXVII
And when they had conversed a good deal about chap.
which road to take to the Brahmans, the king ^^^^^
ordered the guide from Babylon to be well enter- g^hmans
tained, as it was customary so to treat those who
came from Babylon ; and the guide from the satrap,
to be dismissed after being given provisions for the
road. Then he took Apollonius by the hand, and
having bidden the interpreter to depart, he said :
^^ You will then, I hope, choose me for your boon
companion." And he asked the question of him in
the Greek tongue. But Apollonius was surprised, Apollonius
and. remarked : " Why did you not converse with me ^iSi hhiT^
thus, from the beginning?" "I was afraid," said
the king, "of seeming presumptuous, for I do not
know myself, not to mention the fact that I am a
barbarian by decree of fate ; but you have won
my affection, and as soon as I saw that you take
pleasure in my society, I was unable to keep myself
concealed. But that I am quite competent in the
Greek speech I will show you amply." " Why then,"
said Apollonius, " did you not invite me to the
banquet, instead of begging me to invite you ? "
" Because," he replied, " I regard you as my superior,
for wisdom has more of the kingly quality about it."
And with that he led him and his companions to The king's
where he was accustomed to bathe. And the ^*^^
bathing-place was a garden, a stade in length, in the
middle of which was dug out a pool, which was fed
by fountains of water, cold and drinkable ; and on
each side there were exercising places, in which he
was accustomed to practise himself after the manner
187
FLA VI us PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. eavTov e^rjaKei, koX 'yap to acofia eppcoro viro re
r]\iKLa<; — iirra yap /cal eoKoaiv errj yeyovoo'; rjv —
VTTo T€ rou mSc yv/jLvd^€aOat. eirel Se LKavo)<^
e^oi eTTTJSa e? to vScop Kal iyv/ava^ev eavrov tm
velv. ft)9 3e iXovaavTO, i^dSc^ov e? to avaalrtov
€(TT€^av(t) jxevoL, tovtI Se vev6fJiiaTai^\vhol^, eTreihav
e? ToO l3a(nXew=; TTivcoaiv.
XXVIII
CAP. "A^iov Se /jLTjSe to a')(^r}iia TrapaXtirelv rov ttotov
aa<j)0)(; ye avayeypaiifjuevov vrro rov AdfiiBo^;' evco-
^elrai jxev yap iirl (TTijBdho^ 6 f3aaL\ev<; kul tmv
|^f77eI^co^' p^^XP "TreWe ol iyyix;, ol Se Xolttol
7rdvTe<^ iv OdKoi^ a va air oven, jpdire^a Se, wairep
^(o/jlo<; vyjro^; e? 701^^' dvSpo<; e^oyfcoSofirjraL piecn),
kvkXov eireyovaa xopov ^vp.^e^Xy)pLevov dvSpwv
TpidKOvra, icj)^ ^9 Sdcpvai, re SiaarpcovvvvraL /cal
KXcove*; erepoL TrapaTrXijaioL fiev rfj pLippLvrj,
(f)epovTe<; Se ^lvSol<; fjbvpov. evravOa SidKeivrac
Z^^O? fiev Kal 6pviOe<;, SidKeivraL Se Xeovre^ re oXol
Kal SopKdSe*; Kal ave<; Kal Tuypecov 6(7<^ve^, ra yap
Xoiira Tov Or^piov TrapatTOVvrai eadieLv, eTreiSr} ro
t,(pov TOVTO, (fiaaiv, orav TrpcoTOv yevrjrai, tov<;
e/jL7rpoaOLOv<; rcov woScov dvia^ovTi, alpeiv ro)
'HXtw. Kal dvLard/jLevof; 6 Sairv/jboov (poira Trpo?
T^y rpdire^av, Kal ra /juev dveXofievos tovtcov, to, Se
188
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
of the Greeks with javelin and quoit-throwing ; for chap.
physically he was very robust^ both because he was ^^^^^
still young, for he was only seven-and-twenty years
old, and because he trained himself in this way. And
when he had had enough exercise, he would jump
into the water and exercised himself in swimming.
But when they had taken their bath, they proceeded
into the banqueting chamber with wreaths upon their
heads ; for this is the custom of the Indians, when-
ever they drink wine in the palace.
XXVIII
And I must on no account omit to describe the chap,
arrangement of the banquet, since this has been */
clearly described and recorded by Damis. The king Banqiiet
then banquets lying upon a mattress, and as many as
five of his nearest relations with him ; but all the rest
join in the feast sitting upon chairs. And the table
resembles an altar in that it is built up to the height
of a man's knee in the middle of the chamber^ and
allows room for thirty to dispose themselves around
it like a choir in a close circle. Upon it laurels are
strewn, and other branches which are similar to the
myrtle, but yield to the Indians their balm. Upon
it are served up fish and birds, and there are also laid
upon it whole lions and gazelles and swine and the
loins of tigers ; for they decline to eat the other parts
of this animal, because they say that, as soon as it is
bom, it lifts up its front paws to the rising Sun.
Next, the master of ceremonies rises and goes to the
table, and he selects some of the viands for himself,
and cuts off other portions, and then he goes
189
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. aTTore/jbcov, aireXOchv e? tov eavrov Oolkov i/jLTriTrXa-
XXVIII ^ y, ^, «>/ 'C>vc^v
rat, tfafiLva eireauLcov tov aprov. eireioav be
LKavM<; €')((DaLv, ea^epovrai KpaTrjp€<; apjvpot re
Kol ')(^pvaoL, BeKa aufiTroraL^; aTro^^pwi^ et?, a<j)^ mv
iTLVovai KV'\^avTe<^, cooirep Tron^o/jLevoi. fjuera^v he
7rivovTe<; eTreadyovrac d<yepco')(^La<!; eiri/CLvBvvov^ Kai
ovK €^(D TOV (TTrovBd^eiv 7rat<; yap Ti?, coaTrep o
rcov 6p')(r)aTpiS(ov, dveppiirrelTO KOv(j)0)<i avvacpie-
fxevov avTw /SeXou? e? to dvco, kol iireLSr) ttoXv diro
tt}? 7?}9 yevoLTO, i/cv/SiCTTa o 7rat9 vTrepaipcov
eavTov TOV /8eXou9, Kal d/iaprovTc rod Kv^icrrdv
6T0L[ia Tjv ^e^rjaOai' 6 yap to^ot?/? irplv d(j)ievac
TrepLjjeL tov<; ffyu-Trora? iiriSei/cvvf; Trjv aKiSa Kal
8l8ov<; eXey^ov rod /^eXou?. Kal to Std a<j)ev86vr)(;
Se To^evaai Kal to e'9 Tpi^a levai, Kal tov vlov tov
eavTov (TKLaypacprjo-ai fieXeaiv dveaTMTa 7rp6<;
aaviSa, aTrovhd^ovaiv iv tol(; it6tol<;, Kal KaropOov-
atv avTCL /jLe6vovTe<;.
XXIX
xxTx 01 /xev Sr) irepl tov Ad/xiv i^eTrXoJTTOVTO avTa co?
evaKOTTa, Kal T7]v ^vfi/jieTpiav Trjf; TO^eia^ eOavfiai^ov,
6 he ^AttoXXcovio^, ^vveauTei yap tm (BaaiXel ofxo-
StaiTtp ovTL, T0VT0i<; fJLev rJTTov 'Trpoael')(e, irpb^; 8e
TOV jSaatXea, " elire fioi, m PaaiXevT €(j)rj, " iroOev
ovTco<; €%et9 (jxovrjfi 'EXXaSo9, (piXoaocjiia Te r) irepl
190
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
back to his own chair and eats his full, constantly chap.
munching bread with it. And when they have all ^^^
had enough, goblets of silver and gold are brought
in, each of which is enough for ten banqueters, and
out of these they drink, stooping down like animals
that are being watered. And while they are drink- Tumblers'
ing, they have brought in performers of various banquet
dangerous feats, requiring elaborate preparation. For
a boy, like a theatrical dancer, would throw a
light somersault, and at the same moment a javelin
was aimed at him, up in the air, and when he was
a long way from the ground, the boy would, by a
tumblers' leap, raise himself above the weapon, and
if he missed his leap, he was sure to be hit. For the
archer, before he let fly, went round the banqueters
and showed them the point of his weapon, and let
them try the missile themselves. And another
man would take a sling and aiming within a hair's
breadth would shoot at his own son, and pick out his
figure with the missiles as he stood erect against a
hoarding. Such are their forms of entertainment in
their banquets, and they aim straight, even when they
are drunk.
XXIX
Well, the companions of Damis marvelled at the chap.
accuracy of their eye, and were surprised at the ^^i^
exactness with which they aimed their weapons ; JJ^^^^jfs
but Apollonius, who was eating beside the king Indian
cheek by jowl, was less interested in these feats caUrSning
and said to the king : " Tell me, O King, how
you acquired such a command of the Greek tongue,
191
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ae iroOev evravOa ; ov yap e? Si8a(JKd\ov<; ye ol/jbai
ai>a(j)€p6LV, eVet fjirjSe elvai TLva<; iv 'Ii^Sot? etVo9
hihaaicaXov^ tovtov^ yeXdaa^; ovv 6 l3aai\€v<;,
- 01 fxev iraXaioir e(^^, " ra? ipQ)T7]aei<; tmv Kara-
irXeovTCdv iiroiovvTo, el Xyarat elaiv, ovt(o<; avro
KaiTOL ')(^a\e7rov ov koivov rjyovvro, v/iei^i Be jjlol
SoKelre rou? eirK^oiTMvra^ v/jLlv epcordv, /jlt) (f)i\6-
ao(f)OL elaiv, out&)9 avrb kultol Oeiorarop tcjv /car
dvOpcoTTOVf; ov koI to?? eTrLTV^^ovaiv V7rdp')(^eiv
oteaOe. koL otl fiev Trap" vfitv ravrov rw XycrreveLV
i<TTLv, olSa, ofjboio) fiev yap aol dvSpl ov ^aaiv
elvat evTV)(^etv, tov<; Be ttoWoix;, Mairep aKvXev-
aavTa<; avrb erepcov irepL^epXrjdai re dvap/jboarco'^,
Kal aojBelv dWorpuav eaOrjra einavpovra^;' kuI vt)
AC, Mairep ol XrjaTal rpvcpMaiv elBore^; ore viro rfj
hiKY) KetvTai, ovTCO KCLKeivovf; (f)aal yaarpu re
BiBovat Kal d(f)poBtaLoi<; Kal dfjb7re')(^ovrj XeTrrrj. to
Be atriov vo/jlol v/jllv, olfjuat, elaiv, el jxev to
vop^iapia irapa^OeipoL Tt9, diroOvyafceLV avrov, Kal
TraiBiov ec tl<; 7rapeyypd(f)0L, rj ovk o23' o tl ein
TOVTM, Tov^ Be TTjv (f)iXo(Jo(^Lav v7ro^aXXofjievov<;
rj 7rapacj)0€lpovTa<; ovBei^;, ol/jbai, v6/jlo<!; Trap vpdv
la')(et,, ovBe dp')(ri Tt? eir* avT0v<; reraKTai.
192
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 11
and whence you derived all your philosophical chap
attainments in this place ? For I don't imagine that ^^^^
you owe them to teachers, for it is not likely that
there are, in India, any who could teach it." The
king then smiled and said : " Our ancestors used to
ask questions of mariners who sailed to their coast,
to see whether they were pirates, so widespread did
tiiey consider that calling to be in spite of its
cruelty ; but so far as I can make out, you Greeks ask
your visitors whether they are not philosophers, so
convinced are you that everyone you meet with must
needs possess this divinest of human attainments.
And that philosophy and piracy are one and the
same thing among you, I am well aware ; for they
say that a man like yourself is not to be found
anywhere ; but that most of your philosophers
are like people who have despoiled another man
of his garment and then have dressed themselves
up in it, although it does not fit them, and
proceed to strut about trailing another man's
garment. Nay, by Zeus, just as robbers live in
luxury, well knowing that they lie at the mercy of
justice, so are they, it is said, addicted to gluttony
and riotous living and to delicate apparel. And the
reason is this : you have laws, I believe, to the effect
that if a man is caught forging money, he must
die, and the same if anyone illegally enrolls a boy
upon the register and all the rest of it, I know
not what ; but people who utter a counterfeit
philosophy or corrupt her are not, I believe, restrained
among you by any law, nor is any authority set to
suppress them.
193
VOL. I. ».»
FLAVaUS PHILOSTRATLtg
XXX
CAP, Ilap' t)fuv he oXlyoi /Jbev tov (f)Ckoao^e2v diTTov-
Tat, SoKL/jbd^ovTac Be coSe- ')(pr} tov veov, iirethav
oKTooKaiSeKa ettj yeyopco^} 't^XV> '^ofrl 8', oljiat,
/cat Trap' v/jllv €(j)7]^ov /juerpou, virep tov '"T(pa(7Lv
TTOTa/jiov eXdelv Trapd tov<; civSpa<;, 01)9 (tv oy p fir] -
fca^, elirovTa STj/uLoata irpoTepov otl <pi\oao(j)7]aoL,
7v fj TOt? PoyXofievoi^i i^elpyetv avTov, el jjut]
KaOapo's (pOLTon). fcaOapov Be \eyco irpcoTOV fiev
TO 69 iraTepa Kal jjirjTepa rjKov, /jlt) irepX avT0v<;
6veiB6<^ Ti dvacpalvoLTO, eW ol tovtwv >yoveL<; Kai
TptTOV yevo<i €9 dvo), /jlt] v/SpiaTt]*; Ti9 rj aKpaTrj^; rj
')(p7]/jLaTLaTrj<; dBi,Ko<;. oTav Be /jL7]Be/jiLa ovXr] irepl
TOVTOV^ dva(f)aiV7]Tai, fjuyBe dTLyfia oXft)9 fJir^Bev, ,
avTov 7]B7] Biopdv TOV veov Kal /Saaavl^ecv, irpMTOv 1
fxev, el /jLvi]/jL0vifc6^, elra, el /caTa (pvaiv alBrjiMoov,
aXkd fiT) ifkaTTOfievo'^ tovto, /irj fxeOvaTiKO'^ fir)
\i')(yo<^ /jlt) dXa^cbv firj (f)LX6yeXo)<; /jlt) Opacrv^; fit]
(j)iXoXoiBopo(;, el 7raTpo<; vittjkoo'^ el ixrjTpo^ el
BiBacr/cdXcov el rraiBayodyoiv, eirl Trdaiv, el firj
KaKo<; irepl ttjv eavTOv copav. ra fiev Brj tcov
yetva/jievcov avTov /cat oc eKeivov^ iyeivavTo, eK
jiapTvpcdv dvaXeyovTai Kal ypafi/jidTcov, a Brj/jLoaia
K€tTai. eireiBdv yap TeXevTrjar} 6 ^\vB6<i, (J^olto,
eirl 6vpa<; avTOv fxia dp^r) TeTay/ievrj viro rcot'
vofjifDv dvaypd^ecv avTov, 0)9 e^ico, Kal '\jrevaa-
194
LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK 11
XXX
Now among us few engage in philosophy, and chap.
they are sifted and tried as foUow^s : A young
man so soon as he reaches the age of eighteen,
and this I think is accounted the time *of full
age among you also, must pass across the riv^er
Hyphasis to the men whom you are set upon visiting,
after first making a public statement that he will
become a philosopher, so that those who wish to may
exclude him, if he does not approach the study in a
state of purity. And by pure I mean, firstly, in respect
of his parentage, that no disgraceful deed can be
proved against either his father or his mother ; next
that their parents in turn, up to the third generation,
are equally pure, that there was no ruffian among
them, no debauchee, nor any unjust usurer. And
when no scar or reproach can be proved against them,
nor any other stain whatever, then it is time
narrowly to inspect the young man himself and test
him, to see firstly, whether he has a good memory,
and secondly, whether he is modest and reserved
in disposition, and does not merely pretend to be
so, whether he is addicted to drink, or greedy,
or a quack, or a buffoon, or rash, or abusive, to see
whether he is obedient to his father, to his mother,
to his teachers, to his school-masters, and above all,
if he makes no bad use of his personal attractions.
The particulars then of his parents and of their
progenitors are gathered from witnesses and from
the public archives. For whenever an Indian dies,
there visits his house a particular authority charged
by the law to make a record of him, and of how he
195
o 2
FLAVILS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP; l.iev(p rj yjrevaOevrc tw dp^ovri iinrc/jLcoaiv ol vofiOL
/JLT) ap^at avTov eri apxw /^^^e/xta^', (h<; irapa-
iroLTjcravTa jBiov avOpcoirov, ra he tojp i^rj^cdv e?
avTOv<^ opo)VTes dvafiavOdvovcri' irdXXa fxev yap
ocpOaXfjiol t6)v dv6 pcdTreiOiv jjOmv epfxrjvevovcn,
TToXXa 8' iv 6(f)pv(7i fcal irap€Lal<; /cecTaL yvcofia-
T€V€LV T€ KOl Oewpelv, d(j) 0)V (70^01 T€ KOl (pVCTlKol
avSp€<i, axTTrep iv /caroTTTpco eiSayXa, tou<? vov<;
TMV dvdpcoTTCov SiaOecovTaL. fieydXcov yap Srj
d^LOVfievy]'^ ^i\oao(^ia<^ evravOa, /cal tl/jLtjv tovtov
•nap 'Ii^8ot9 e^oz^To?, dvayK^j irdaa eK^aaavt^ecrOai
T€ TOV<; iir avrrjv lovra^ iXey^oi^; re vTro^e^Xrj-
aOac fjLvpLOL<;. co? jiiev Srj eVl SLhacr/cdXoi^ avro
TTOiov/jieOa Kal 69 BoKLfiacriav - rjfjLiv to ^iXoaoi^elv
TjKei, cra^w9 €ipr)Ka, roufiov he mSg e^ef.
XXXI
CAP. ^KyoD fxev irdirirov /3a(TiXe&)9 eyevofirjv, 09 r)v
fiOL 6/jLa)vvfjbO<;, 7raT/909 he IhicoTOV' fcaTa\eL(pdel<;
yap KOfjiihfj veo<; eTriTpoiroL fiev avrw eyevovTO
hvo TMV ff 776^'wi^ Kara tov<; tmv ^Ivhcov vofiovi,
eTTparrov he virep avrov ra ^aaiXtKa ov XPV-
o'Tft)9, /Jid Tov "YiXtov, ovhe ^v fjupber pu>^ , 06 ev
ffapeU T069 v7rr)fc6oL<; icpalvovTO Kal rj dpxv
/ca/cco<; r/Kove. ^vcrrdvT€(; ovv eir avrov^ tmv
hwaroiv tlv6<; iinTiOevTai (7(j)i(nv iv eoprfj Kai
196
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
livedj and if this officer lies or allows himself to be chap.
deceived^ he is condemned by the law and forbidden ^
ever to hold another office, on the ground that he has
counterfeited a man's life. But the particulars of
the youths themselves are duly learnt by inspection
of them. For in many cases a man's eyes reveal the
secrets of his character, and in many cases there is
material for forming a judgment and appraising his
value in his eyebrows and cheeks, for from these
features the dispositions of people can be detected by
wise and scientific men, as images are seen in a
looking-glass. For seeing that philosophy is highly
esteemed in this country, and it is held in honour by
the Indians, it is absolutely necessary that those who
take to it should be tested and subjected to a
thousand modes of proof. That then we proceed
thus in the case of teachers, and put their philo-
sophical aptitude to a test, I have clearly explained ;
and now I will relate to vou my own historv.
XXXI
Mv grandfather was king, and had the same name chap.
XXXI
as myself; but my father was a private person. For , , .
he was left quite young, and two of his relations his history
were appointed his guardians in accordance with the ^poUonius
laws of the Indians. But they did not carry on
the king's government honestly on his behalf. No.
by the Sun, but so unfairly that their subjects found
their regime oppressive and the government fell into
bad repute. A conspiracy then was formed against
them by some of the magnates, who attacked them
197
FLAVIUS PHILOSIIlATUS
CAP, KTeivovdL Tw ^Ivhay OvovTa<;, avroi re i7recnT7)^r)(Tav-
XXXI ^ >/ ' '
T69 TW ap^etv ^vvea^ov ra KOivd. heiaavTe^ ovv
01 ^vyyevel'^; irepl tw irarpl /jLijiro) efCKaiSefca err]
yeyovoTL irefJUTrovaiv avrov virep rov'^Tcpacnv irapa
Tov ifCGL ^aaCkea. TrXeiovcov Se rj iyw ap')(€L koI
evBaifjicov rj x^P^ irapa ttoXv tt}? ivravOa. ^ov\o-
fjbevov 8' avTov tov ^aaCkew^ iralha TroLelaOai,
tovtI fiev TTapr)Tr)aaTO ^rjaa<i p^r] (piXoveiKclv rfj
TV^JJ d(f)r)p7]p.evr} avrbu to dp^^Lv, iherjdri K avrov
^vjx^PV^^^ ^^ (jii'Xoaocprjaat fSahiaavTi irapa
T0v<; (TO(j)ov(;, Kal jap av Kal paov Kaprepijaai ra
oiKOt KaKa. ^ov\op,evov he tov ^aac\eco<; Kal
Kurdyeiv avTov eVl Tr)V 'jTaTp(pav dp-)(rjv, " el
yv7jalco<;,^^ e^rj, " (ptXoaocpovvTa ataOoLo, Karaye, el
Be p,rj, ea pie ovto)<; e^eii^." avro^; ovv 6 /SaatXev^;
tJkcov irapa tov<; aoi^ov^ p^eydXcou av e<j)7] irap
avTMV TV^j^lv, el tov iraiSof; einp,eX7]0elev yevvacov
TTjv <j)V(7Lv ijBrj ovTO<;, ol he KaTiBovTe^ tl ev avT(p
irXeov r)(7irdaavT0 irpoaSovval ol r^? avTMV
(70(pia<;, Kol irpoOvp.a)<; eiralBevov irpoaKelp^evov
irdvv Tft) piavOdveLV. e/SBop^w Be eTei voawv o
IBaaiXev^, ore By Kal ereXevTa, pLeTairepLireiai
avTov Kal KOLvcovov T^9 dp')(fj<^ dirocf)aivei tm viro,
T7]v Te OvyaTepa opboXoyet irpo<; Mpav ovaav, o Be,
eiretBrj tov tov fSaatXecof; vlov elBe KoXdKwv koi
ol'vOV Kal TOn> TOLOVTCOV KaKMV 7]TTC0 pL€(JT0V T€
viroylricov 7r/?09 avrov, " o"u yLteV," ecf)7], " ravr' ey^e
198
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
at a festival and slew them when thev were sacri- chap,
ficmg to the river Indus. The conspirators then
seized upon the reins of government and held the
State together. Now my father's kinsmen enter-
tained apprehensions for him, because he was not yet
sixteen years of age, so they sent him across the Hy-
phasis to the king there. And he has more subjects
than I have, and liis country is much more fertile than
this one. This monarch wished to adopt him, but this
my father declined on the ground that he would not
struggle with fate that had robbed him of his
kingdom ; but he besought him to allow him to take
his way to the sages and become a philosopher, for
he said that this would make it easier for him to bear
the reverses of his house. The king however being
anxious to restore him to his father's kingdom, my
father said : " If you see that I am become a genuine
philosopher, then restore me ; but if not, let me
remain as I am." The king accordingly went in
person to the sages, and said that he would lie under
great obligation to them if they would take care of a
youth who already showed such nobility of character,
and they, discerning in him something out of the
common run, were delighted to impart to him their
wisdom, and were glad to educate him when they saw
liow addicted he was to learning. Now seven years
afterwards the king fell sick, and at the very moment
when he was dying, he sent for my father, and
appointed him co-heir in the government with his
own son, and promised his daughter in marriage
to him as she was already of marriageable age. And
my father, since he saw that the king's son was the
victim of flatterers and of wine and of such like vices,
and was also full of suspicions of himself, said to
199
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. KoX Tr}? cip')(fj^ airdar)^ ifxc^opov, koI 'yap evrjde^;
XXXI ^•vv / ' '"' a ■\ f ' n
jjLT^oe TTjv 7rpoar)KOvaav eavTO) paaLKeiav KTrjaaauai,
hwrjOevra $paaeco<; SoKecv eirl r-qv fxr) TrpoarjKOvaav
rjKeiv, ifjbol he ttjv dSeXcprjv SlSov, tovtl yap /jlovov
d7r6')(pr} fioi TMV acov. Kal Xa/Scov rov jd/jbov e^r)
TrXrjaiov tmv crocpayv ev Koofiai^ eTrrd (EvSal/jLOcriv,
a9 eTreScoKC rfj dS€\(pr] 6 ^aaCKev'^ e? ^(ovrjv.
yuypo/jLat toivvv iycb tov ydfiov tovtov Kal fie 6
Trarrjp rd '^WtJvcov Traihevaa<=; dyec irapd rovs
ao(j>ov<; TTpb rjXiKia^ Laco<;, ScoScKa ydp jmol rore
rjv err}, ol he eTpe(f)OV caa Kal eavrcov iralha, ol"?
yap dv vTToSe^covTaL Tr}v ^YlKXrjvcov <^o)vr]V elSora^;,
dyaTTcoat ixdWov, co? e? to oixorfOe^ avTOL<; i]Si]
Trpoar)KOVTa<i.
XXXII
CAP. ^A.iTo6av6vT(ov he iioi Kal tmv yovewv ov aera-
XXXII
TToXij dWijXcov, avTOL fie ^ahicravra eirl ra? Kco/Lia^
eKeXevaav eTnfJbeXrjOrjvaL twv i/jbavrov yeyovora
evveaKaiheKa errj. ra? /xev ovv Kco/jias d(f)rjpr}T6
/jL€ rjhrj o y^prjaro'; 6elo<^ Kal ovhe ra yrjhtd fioi
vTreXcTre rd K€KT7j/j,eva rw irarpi, Trdvra ydp ry
eavTOV dp')(rj irpoarjKeiv avrd, e/jue h^ dv fieydXcov
Trap* avTOv Tv^^ecv, et /xe e(pri ^rjv. epavov ovv
^vXXe^dfxevo^ irapd tmv rr)? fir}Tpo<; direXevOepoiv
d.KoXovOov<; el^ov Terra/jas". Kai (jlol dvayiyvM-
(TKOVTL TOV? 'Y{paKXelha<; to hpdfia, eTreaTrj t/?
evTevOev eTnaToXrjv (f)epo)v irapd dvhpo<; eTnTfjheiov
TM iraTpi, 09 p^e eKeXevae hia^dvTa tov "ThpawTi-jv
200
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
him: "Do you keep all this and enjoy the whole chap.
Empire as your own ; for it is ridiculous that one who ^^^^
could not even keep the kingdom which belonged to
him should presume to meddle with one which does
not ; but give me your sister^ for this is all I want of
yours." So having obtained her in marriage he lived
hard by the sages in seven fertile villages which the
king bestowed upon his sister as her pin-money. I
then am the issue of this marriage, and my father
after teaching me Greek brought me to the sages at
an age, somewhat too early perhaps, for I was only
twelve at the time, but they brought me up like
their own son ; for any that they admit knowing the
Greek tongue they are especially fond of, because
they consider that in virtue of the similarity of his
disposition he already belongs to themselves.
XXXII
And when my parents had died, which they did chap.
almost together, the sages bade me repair to the
villages and look after my own affairs, for I was now restoration
nineteen years of age. But, alas, my good uncle had tohisgranfi-
already taken away the villages, and didn't even leave throne
me the few acres my fatlier had acquired ; for he said
that the whole of them belonged to his kingdom, and
that I should get more than I deserved if he spared
my life. I accordingly raised a subscription among
my mother's freedmen, and kept four retainers.
And one day when I was reading the play called
"The Children of Hercules," a man presented
himself from my own country bringing a letter from
a person devoted to my father, who urged me to cross
20I
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. TTora/jLov ^vyyiyveaOat oi irepl rr;? «/3%^9 t?}?
ivravOa, TroXXa? yap eXmSa? elval fJuoL avaKrr]-
aaadai avrrjv fir) eKivvovTi. to fiev 8r) hpajia
Oecov Ti? olfiaL eVl vovv ^yaye /cat elirofir^v rfj
(jyij/jiT], Bia^a<; Be rov Trorafjiov top fxev erepov rcov
^ejSiacr/jLevcov €9 ryv cLp')(r]v reOvdvat, ijKovaa, rov
Be erepov ev tol<; ^aatXeLoi<; TroXcop/ceto-Oai tovtols:.
e^copovv Bt] ^vvreLvcov fcal ^omv 7rpo<^ toi'9 ev rat?
K(op,ai,<;, Bi Mv e(TTeL')(ov, w? o rov Betvo<; eirjv 1^/09
Kol eirl Tr)v dp'^rjv tyjv efxavTOv ioi/jli, 01 Be
%at/90i^Te9 re koI daTra^o/jLevol /xe irpovrre/xTrov
iraparfkrjcnov r\yov}xevoi rep TraTTTro), ey^^eipiBid re
rjv avroL<; /cat ro^a, koI rrXelov^ del eyiyvofJieOa,
Kol rrpoaeXOovra rai<; irvKai^ ovrco ri dafxevoi
iBe^avro ol evravOa, 0)9 diro rov ficofMov rov
'HXlov BdBa<i dyjrd/jbevoL irpo rrvXcov re rjKeiv kol
rjyetadat Bevpo e(f)Vfivovvre<=; TroWa tw rrarpt kol
ra> TrdTTTTO), rov Be eaco K7}(f)rjva irepi^ ro rel')(o'^
eKkrjaav Kairoi e/jbov irapaLrovfievov /iirj roLwBe
rpoTTw diroOavelv avrov.'
XXXIII
CAP. "TrroXaScov ovv 6 KttoWcovlo^, " 'HpaA:Xe^8ft)i^,"
XXXIII
e(^r;, '* KdOoBov aTe%^'W9 BieXTjXvOas, fcal eiraLvereoi
ol Oeol rr}<; Biavola^;, on yevvaiM dvBpl errl ra
eavTov (Trei')(pvri ^vvijpavro ri}<; KaOoBov. dXX
eicelvo pbOL irepl row (T0<f)0)v elrre' ov Kal vrro
AXe^dvBpfp TTore eyevovro ouroi Kal dva^l^evre^;
202
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
the river Hydraotes and confer with him about my chap.
present kingdom ; for he said there Mas a good ^^^^^
prospect of my recovering it, if I wavered not. I
cannot but think that some god set me on reading
this drama at the moment, and I followed the omen;
and having crossed the river I learnt that one of the
usurpers of the kingdom was dead, and that the
other was besieged in this very palace. Accordingly
I hurried forward, and proclaimed to the inhabitants
of the villages through which I })assed that I was the
son of so and so, naming my father, and that I was
come to take possession of my own kingdom ; but
they received me with open arms and escorted me,
recognising my resemblance to my grandfather, and
they had daggers and weapons, and our numbers
increased from day to day. And when I approached
the gates the population received me with such
enthusiasm that they snatched up torches off the
altar of the Sun and came before the gates and
escorted me hither with many hymns in praise of my
father and grandfather. But the drone that was
within they walled up, although I protested against
his being put to such a death."
XXXIII
Here Apollonius interrupted and said : " You have chap.
exactly played the part of the restored sons of Hercules ^^^^
in the play, and praised be the gods who have helped S^t\?^*^^^
so noble a man to come by his own and restored you Brahman
by their providential intervention. But tell me this visited" by^
about these sages : Avere they not once actually subject ^exandei
to Alexander, and were they not brought before him
203
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. avT(p irepl rov ovpavov icpiXoaocpTjaav ; " *' O^v-
XXXIII (s/ >5>/j ic '> '^ "^ ^^v >'/3 "^
bpaKai, ecpT), eKSLVOi fjaav, to oe euvo<; tovto
iXevOepm^ei re del koX TroXe/jLLKco^; i^-^prvraiy
(TO(f>iav T€ pL€Ta')(eipL^€(T6ai (paatv ovSev 'x^pijaTov
elBore^;' ol 3e are^t'O)? ao(pol Kelvrai /juev rod
'T(j)d(TcSo<; KoX Tov Tdyyov jjueaoL, rrjv Be ')(a)pav
ravrrjv ovSe eirrfkOev o AXe^avSpo'^, ovtl ttov ra
ev avrfj Belaas, dX)C, oifxat, rd lepd direai^iJirivev
avT(p. ei be /cat otepr} rov \<pacnv /cat r-qv irepi
avTOV^ 'yrjv rjhvvi)Or] eXelv, dWd Trjv <ye rvpcriv, rjv
eKelvoL KaTOLKovdiv, ovh' dv fivplov^; jiev 'Ap^^XXea?,
Tpt(T/jLVpLOv<i Be AHavra^; dycov irore i')(^eLpcoaaTo' ov
yap jid')(pvTaL toI^ irpocreXOovaiv, dWa Bio(T7)/jLiaL<;
T€ Kol (TK7)iTTol<; PdWovTe^ diTOKpovovTai (7(f)d^ lepol
Koi 6€0(j>t\eL<; ovre^;' rov yovv 'HpUKXea tov Alyvir-
Tiov fcal TOV Aiovvaov ^vv oTrXoi^; Sia8pa/jL0VTa<; to
^IvScov eOvo'^ (j^aal fxev iroTe eXdcrai eir avTOVs dfxa
fL7)')(avd^ T€ TraXa/jirjaaaOat fcal tov y^wpiov diro-
ireipdaOai, ol Be dvTiirpdTTeiv ovBev, dXX dTpe-
fjuelv, ft)9 eKeivoi^ i<paivovTo, eirel B* avTol irpoarje-
aav, 7rp7]o-Trjp€<; avTov<; direcocravTO fcal ^povTal
KUTco aTpe(f)6/x€vac /cat ifJumrrTovnai TOi<; birXots,
TTjv T€ daiTiBa y^pvai^v ovaav diro^aXelv eKel
XeyeTUt 6 ^HpaKXij^, koX Treiroir^vTat auTyv dvd-
Orjfjia ol (To<f)ol Bid re ttjv tov ^}ipafcXeov<; Bo^av,
Bid T€ TO eKTVTTcofjia tT/? dcTTTiBo^' ctuTo? ydp
TreTToi'^iTai 6 'Hpa/^X?}? opl^cov Ta TdBeipa fcai Ta
opt) (jT)]Xa<; 7roLovp.evo<; tov tg Qfceavov is Ta eaw
204
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS., BOOK II
to philosophise about the heavens?" "Those were ctL\^p.
the Oxydrakae/' he said^ "but this race has always ^^-^-^^'^
been independent and well equipped for war ; and
they say that they attempted, yet never acquired any
real knowledge of wisdom. But the genuine sages live
between the Hyphasis and the Ganges, in a country
which Alexander never reached ; not I imagine,
because he was afraid of what was in it, but, I think,
because the omens warned him against it. But if
he had crossed the Hypliasis, and had been able
to take the surrounding country, he could cei^tainly
never have taken possession of their castle in whicli
they live, not even if he had had ten thousand like
Achilles, and thirty thousand like Ajax behind him ;
for they do not do battle with those who approach
them, but they repulse them with prodigies and
thunderbolts which they send forth, for they are
holy men and beloved of the gods. It is related,
anyhow, that Hercules of Egypt and Dionysus after
they had overrun the Indian people with their arms,
at last attacked them in company, and that they
constructed engines of war, and tried to take the
place by assault; but the sages, instead of taking the
field against them, lay quiet and passive, as it
seemed to the enemy ; but as soon as the latter
approached they were driven off by rockets of
fire and thunderbolts which were hurled obliquely
from above and fell upon their armour. It was
on that occasion, they say, that Hercules lost his
golden shield, and the sages dedicated it as an
offering, partly out of respect for Hercules' reputa-
tion, and partly because of the reliefs upon the
shield. For in these Hercules is represented fixing
the frontier of the world at Gadira, and turning the
205
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. eiTLairciyfjLevo'^t oOev hrfKovTai firj rov %7)^alov
tipaKXea, rov oe Aiyvmiov eiri ra i aoeipa
iXOelv /cat opiarrjv yeviaOac Trj<; 77)9."
XXXIV
,^P- , Toiavra BiaXeyofiivcov avrcov iiTTJXdev 6 vfiPO<;
avXu) a/ma, epofxevov oe rov AttoXXcdvlov rov'
^acriXea, 6 n iOeXot 6 /cw/zo?, " 'Iz^Sot," e^-^,
" 7rapaLV€(T€L^ rch /SaaiXei aBovaiv, iTreiBav tt/jo?
Tftj KadevSeLV ylyvt]rat, ovelpaai re dya6oL<i XP^'
(jOaL y^prjarov re avia-raaOat koX ev^vfi/SoXov rol^;
vTrrjKooL'^r ** TTw? ovv, €(f)rj, " o) f3acnXev, Btd-
KeicraL tt/jo? ravra ; ae yap ttov avXavatv." *' ov
fcarayeXcoT e(f)rj, " Sel yap rrpoaieaOaL avra rov
vo/iiov €V6Kev, Trapacveaeco^; fievroc fjurjBe/jicd^ Sel-
aOaL, oaa yap av 6 ^aaiXev^ /jLerpi(o<; re teal XPV-
aro)<; rrpdrrrj, ravra eavra> hrjirov yapielrai
fjbdXXov Yj rot<; v7r7]/cooi<i. '
XXXV
CAP. Tocavra ScaXex^^vre<;, dveTravaavro, eirel Be
XXXV ,, 'J/ >^'o^^>j.' >
rj/juepa vrrecpaivero, avro<; pacnXev^; acpiKero €9
TO B(Ofidriov» S ivcKdOevBov 01 irepl rov ^ AttoXXco-
viov, Kal rov a/cu/jLTroBa e7ny^riXa(j>r)(7a^ irpoaelire
206
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
mountains into pillars, and confining the ocean chap.
within its bounds. Thence it is clear that it was not
the Theban Hercules, but the EgJ^ptian one, that
came to Gadira, and fixed the limits of the world."
XXXIV
While thev w^ere thus talking, the strain of the chap.
XXXIV
hymn sung to the flute fell upon their ears, and '
ApoUonius asked the king what was the meaning of to the king
their ode. The Indians," he answered, " sing
their admonitions to the king, at the moment
of his going to bed ; and they pray that he may
have good dreams, and rise up propitious and
affable towards his subjects." " And how," said
ApoUonius, " do you, O king, feel in regard to
this matter ? For it is yourself I suppose that they
honour with their pipes." " I don't laugh at them,"
he said, " for I must allow it because of the law,
although I do not require any admonition of the
kind : for in so far as a king behaves himself with
moderation and integrity, he will bestow, I imagine,
favours on himself rather than on his subjects."
XXXV
After this conversation they laid themselves down chap.
to repose ; but when the day dawned, the king him- ^^^^'
self went to the chamber in which ApoUonius and STh?^^^°
his companions were sleeping, and gently stroking relation of
the bed he addressed the sage, and asked him what divination
207
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
-,^AP re Tov avSpa, koX tjocto avrov, 6 ri evOv/nolro, " ov
yap TTov /caOevSet^, elirev, "v8o)p irivwv fcal /cara-
yeXcov tov olvovT *' ov yap KaOevSecv ^7^/' €(prj,
rov<; TO vocop invovTa^ ; Kauevoeiv fiev, ecprj,
"XCTTTOV Se VTTVOV, OVirep UKpOl^ aVTMV T0t9 0^-
OaXflOL's i(f)L^dv€LV (f)0)/jL6V, OV Tti) VwT '* ClfjLCpOTe-
poL<;, ' elite, " KoX iao)<; tw vm fxaXkoV el yap /x?;
aTpepLr^aei 6 vov<;, ov8e vTroSe^ovTai oi 6(j)0a\/jLol
TOV VTTVOV' ol yovv /jiefjirjvoTef} ov8e Ka6evSeiv Sv-
vavTat hi a ttjv tov vov irrjhr^aiv, a)OC e? dWa Kal
dXXa a'mov(Trj<^ t?}9 evvoia<^ yopyoTspov re ava/3Xe-
TTovat Kal avaiSeaTepov, Mcnrep ol dvTrvoi tcov
hpa/c6vT(t)v. iirel tolvvv, m ffaatXev," elire,
" (Ta<pcos rjpfiijvevTat to tov vttvov epyov Kal cLTTa
hrfKovTaL avT(p toc(; avOpcoTTOt^;, aKeyjrco/jieOa, tl
jxeioveKTrjaei ev tw virvco tov ixe6vovTO<^ o to vhcop ,
TTivcovy *' /JLT] (TO(pi^ov," 6^7] 6 ^aatkev^, " el yap \
fxeOvovTa viroOrjar), ov KaOevhrjaei tovto, jSaK-
yevovaa yap rj yvco/ii] aTpof^rjaei re avTov Kal
Tapa')(rj<; ifi7r\7]aei' hoKovai tol Trayre? ol eK
/jLeOr}<; KaTaSapdelv iretpcii/jLevoL civaTrefiTrecrOai Te
69 TOV 6po(j)ov, Kal av viroyeioi elvai hivrfv Te
i/jLTreTTTCOKevaL a^iaLV, ola hr] irepi tov 'l^lova
XeyeTat ^v/jb^alveiv. ovkovv ol^lo) tov fieOvovTa,
aXkd TOV ireircoKOTa juuev tov olvov, vrjcfyovTa 8e
Oecopelv, ft)? KaOevSijcrei Kal 609 ttoWw j3e\TL0v tov
aoivov.
208
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS/BOOK II
he was thinking about. " For/' he said^ " I don't chap,
imagine you are asleep, since you drink water and ^^^^
despise wine." Said the other : " Then you don't
think that those who drink water go to sleep ? ' '
" Yes/' said the king, ^' they sleep, but with a very
light sleep, which just sits upon the tips of their
eyelids, as we say, but not upon their minds." '^ Nay
with both do they sleep," said Apollonius, " and
perhaps more with the mind than with the eyelids.
For unless the mind is thoroughly composed, the
eyes will not admit of sleep either. For note how
madmen are not able to go to sleep because their
mind leaps with excitement, and their thoughts run
coursing hither and thither, so that their glances are
full of fury and morbid impulse, like those of the
dragons who never sleep. Since then, O king," he
went on, " we have clearly intimated the use and
function of sleep, and what it signifies for men, let
us examine whether the drinker of water need sleep
less soundly than the drunkard." '^'^Do not quibble,"
said the king, " for if you put forward the case of a
drunkard, he, I admit, will not sleep at all, for his
mind is in a state of revel, and whirls him about and
fills him with uproar. All, I tell you, who try to go
to sleep when in drink seem to themselves to be
rushed up on to the roof, and then to be dashed
down to the ground, and to fall into a whirl,
as they say happened to Ixion. Now I do not
put the case of a drunkard, but of a man who has
merely drunk wine, but remains sober ; I wish
to consider whether he will sleep, and how much
better he will sleep than a man who drinks no
wine"
209
VOL. I. P
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XXXVI
SJ^yr KaXeVa? ovu 6 ^ A7roWa)VLO(; rov \d[jbiv, " 7rp6<i
heivov dvSpa,^' e^r), " o Xoyo^ koI acj^oSpa yeyv-
fjLvacr/jLevop rov StaXeyeaOat.^^ " opM^ e(j)7], " koI
TOVT lao)^ rjv to fjiekajjurvyov rv^elv. Kafie he
irdvv alpel o X070?, ov ecpr/KeP' copa ovv ctol d(f)v-
irvLcravrt diroTeXelv avrov, * dvaKov(f)Lcra<i ovv rrji'
/c€(j)aXr)p 6 ^AiroWcovio^;, " Kal firjv oaovr €(f)i],
" ifXeoveKTOvfiev 01 to vBcop 7rivovT€<; tt/oo? to KaO-
evBecv rjBtov, 670) BrjXcoaco tov ye crov Xoyov e^o-
fxevo^^' ci)9 P'ev yap TeTdpa/CTac rj yvcofxr] Toh fieOv-
ovai Kal fxavLKOiTepov BiaKeiVTao, cracjya)^ eiprjKa^,
opM/uuev yap roi/? p^edrj KaT€(7'^7)/iievov(; BtTTa^; jxev
aeXrjva'^ So/covvTa<^ ^Xeireiv, hiTTov^ he rjXiov^;, tov<;
he rJTTOv TreTTw/cora?, fcav Trdvv vrj^waiv, ovhev fxev
TOVToov r)yov/jLevov<;, jieaTOV^i he ev(f)poavv7](; Kal
rjhovrjf;, r) hrj irpoairiTTTeL (tcj^lctlv ovhe e^ evTrpayia^
7roX\dKi<^, Kal fieXeTcocrc he ol tolovtol hiKas ovhe
(pOey^dfievol ttco ev hiKao-rrjpla}, Kal TrXovjelv (^aaw
ovhe hpa')(fjLrj<; avTols evhov ovarjf;. TavTa he, m
/SaaiXev, jxavLKa irdOrf Kal yap avTo to 7]hecr6at,
htaKLvel TTjv yvcofiijv Kal ttoXXou? olha tmv a(^6hpa
rjyov/jLevcov ev TTpdTTecv ovhe KaOevhecv hwafievov^,
aXX' eKTTTjhcjvTa^i tov vttvov, Kal tovt dv eirj to
irape^eiv (j>povTiha<; Kal Tayadd. ecTTi he Kal
210
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
XXXVI
Apollonius then summoned Damis^ and said: 'Tis chap.
a clever man with whom we are discussing and one '
A.11 effects
thoroughly trained in argument." "I see it is so/' of drinking
said Damis_, "and perhaps this is what is meant t)y J^^^g^^^^J^,
the phrase ' catching a Tartar.' But the argument sound
excites me very much^ of which he has delivered ^^'^"***'^"
himself; so it is time for you to wake up and finish
it." Apollonius then raised his head slightly and
said : " Well I will prove^ out of your own lips and
following your own argument^ how much advantage
we who drink water have in that we sleep more
sweetly. For you have clearly stated and admitted
that the minds of drunkards are disordered and are
in a condition of madness ; for we see those who
are under the spell of drink imagining that they see
two moons at once and two suns^ while those who
have drunk less^ even though they are quite sober,
while they entertain no such delusions as these, are yet
full of exultation and pleasure ; and this fit of joy often
falls upon them, even though they have not had any
good luck, and men in such a condition will plead
cases, although they never opened their lips before
in a law-court, and they will tell you they are rich,
although they have not a farthing in their pockets.
Now these, O king, are the affections of a madman.
For the mere pleasure of drinking disturbs their
judgment, and I have known many of them who
were so firmly convinced that they were well off,
that they were unable to sleep, but leapt up in their
slumbers, and this is the meaning of the saying that
^good fortune itself is a reason for being anxious.'
211
p 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP (fidpfjiaKa virvov /jLe/jbrj'^avrj/jLeva Tol<i dv6pa)7roi<;, U)V
inovTe^ T€ KoX dXecyfrdfievoc KadevSovaip ifcrec-
vavr€<; avrov^ Mairep diroOavovTe^;, oOev fxerd rLvo<;
Xijdrjf; dvlaravrai /cal dWoae iroi fiaXkov eicnv rj
ovirep elvat SoKovaLi>. on fxev Brj rd Trcvofieva,
fidWov Se rd iiravrXovpLeva rrj '^v^fj koI rep
aco/jLaTi ov yvrjatov ov^e olfcelov iTreadyerac rbv
vTTvov, dX>C fj ^aOvv koX rj/ncOvrjra rj Ppa')(pv Kol
Siao-TTio/jLevov viro rcbv ivrpe'^^^ovrcov, Kav ')(pr)crTd
fjy ^vvOrjdrj rd'^a, el pur] to Bvaept pidWov rj to
ipiCTTiKov a7rovhd^€C<;. ol Be epLol ^vpLiroTaL Ta
pLev ovTa opcoaiv 009 ovTa, Td Be ovk ovTa ovt
dvaypd(f)ovaiv avTol<; ovO vTroTVirovvTai, Kov(f)Oi re
ovTTO} eoo^av, ovoe pueaToi pXa/ceia<; ovoe evr]Ueia<i
rj l\apot)Tepot tou irpocnJKOVTo^;, dW e<^e<TTr}KOTe<;
elal Kol XoytapLov ifkew, TrapaTrXrjaioL BelXyf; re
Kol OTTOTe dyopd irXrjOeLy ov ydp vvcTTd^ovaLv
ovTot, Kav TToppco TMV vvKTOiv aiTovBd^coaLv. ov
ydp e^codel avT0v<; 6 i/ttz^o? ScrTrep Becr7r6Tr]<; jBpiaa^
69 Tov avykva BeBovXcopLevov viro tov oivov, dXX
iXevdepoi re koX opOol (paivovTat, KaTaBap6evTe<^
Be KaOapa Trj 'yfrv)(i] Bi'^ovTat tov vttvov ovtc viro
TO)v evTrpaytcov dvaKovcfu^opuevot avTOV ovt€ viro
KaKOTT payia^i tlvo<; iKOpcoa/covTe^;. ^vpbpbeTpo^ ydp
TTpo^ dpi(l)co TavTa yjrv^r} vq^ovaa koL ovBeTepov
TMV TTaOoyv rjTTOiv, 66ev fcaOevBet r^Bia-Ta koI dXv-
TTOTaTa pur) e^tcTTapLevr) tov virvov.
2T2
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
Men Iiave also devised sleeping draughts, by drink- chap.
ing or anointing themselves with which, people at ^^^^'
once stretch themselves out and go to sleep as if
they were dead ; but when they wake up from such
sleep it is with a sort of forgetfulness, and they
imagine that they are anywhere rather than where
they are. Now these draughts are not exactly
drunk, but I would rather say that they drench the
soul and body ; for they do not induce any sound or
proper sleep, but the deep coma of a man half dead,
or the light and distracted sleep of men haunted by
phantoms, even though they be wholesome ones ; and
you will, I think, agree with me in this, unless you are
disposed to quibble rather than argue seriously.
But those who drink water, as I do, see things as
they really are, and they do not record in fancy
things that are not ; and they were never found to
be giddy, nor full of drowsiness, or of silliness, nor
unduly elated ; but they are wide awake and
thoroughly rational, and always the same, whether
late in the evening or early in the morning when
the market is crowded ; for these men never nod,
even though they pursue their studies far into the
night. For sleep does not drive them forth,
pressing down like a slave-holder upon their necks,
that are bowed down by the wine ; but you find them
free ai>d erect, and they go to bed with a clear, pure
soul and welcome sleep, and are neither buoyed up by
the bubbles of their own private luck, nor scared out
of their wits by any adversity. For the soul meets
both alternatives with equal calm, if it be sober and
not overcome by either feeling ; and that is why
it can sleep a delightful sleep untouched by the
sorrows which startle others from their couches.
213
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XXXVII
CAP. Kal firjv KoX TO fjbavTLKov TO eK Tcov ovetpaTcov, o
XXXVII
OetOTarov rcbv avO pwirivwy BoKel, paov Siopa /mt)
^vvTeOoXcofievrj viro rod Oivov, aW' ciKijpaTO<;
he')(oixev7] avTO koI irepiaOpovaa' ol 'yovv i^yyrjral
TMV o-yjreayv, ou? oveipoiTokov^ ol iroLrfral KaXovcnv,
ovK av vTTOKpivotVTO oyjrtv ovhefjuiav /jlt] irporepov
epofievoi Tov Kaipov, ev c5 elSeu. av jiev yap ewo?
?7 Kal TOV irepl tov opdpov vttvov, ^v pL^dWovTai
avTTjv ft)? vyiM^; pavTevopievrj<; Tr]<; '^v)(^7]<;, eneihav
(iTTOppvyjnjTaL tov olvov, el 8' dp,^l irpcoTOv vttvov
rj p,6aa<; vv/cTa^, 6t€ fie/SvOcaTaL re koI ^vvt€-
OoXcOTaC €Ti VTTO TOV OCVOV, TVapaLTOVVTai TTjV
vTTOKpLcnv ao(f>ol 6vTe<;. &)9 3e fcal tol<; Oeol^; SokcI
TavTa Kal to y^pr^cr pLwhe^^ iv TaL<; vr}<f)0V(TaL<;
'^v')(al<^ TiOevTai, aa(f)co<; 8r]\o)(Tco' iyeveTO, o)
/SaatXev, Trap* KWrjaiv ^Aficj^uipecof; dvrjp p^dvTL^.
" olha,^^ elire, '* Xeyei^; yap ttov tov tov OIk\€ov<;,
ov i/c %7}P6)V iiravLovTa iirecnrdcraTO y yi) ^vTa.^^
- ovTO<;, M ^acnXev, ecprj, " pbavTev6p,evo<^ iv ttj
W^TTiKT) vvv oveipaTa iirdyei toU '^pcopevoif;, fcal
XapovTC^ ol lepei^; tov '^pTjaopievov acTov tc
eipyovai p,lav rjp^epav Kal olvov r/oet?, iva hia\apL-
TTovar} TTj '^v'^fj TMV Xoylayv (Tirdarj' et Se o Oivo's
214
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 11
XXXVll
And more than this, as a faculty of divination by chap.
means of dreams, which is the divinest and most god- ^^^^^^
like of human faculties, the soul detects the truth all todrSklre
the more easily when it is not muddied by wine, but valueless for
accepts the message unstained and scans it carefully, divination
Anyhow, the explainers of dreams and visions, those
whom the poets call interpreters of dreams, will
never undertake to explain any vision to anyone
without having first asked the time when it was seen.
For if it was at dawn and in the sleep of morning-
tide, they calculate its meaning on the assumption
that the soul is then in a condition to divine soundly
and healthily, because by then it has cleansed itself
of the stains of wine. But if the vision was seen in
the first sleep or at midnight, when the soul is still
immersed in the lees of wine and muddied thereby,
they decline to make any suggestions, if they are wise.
And that the gods also are of this opinion, and that
they commit the faculty of oracular response to souls
which are sober, I will clearly show. There was,
O king, a seer among the Greeks called Am-
phiaraus." "I know," said the other; '^'^for you
allude, I imagine, to the son of Oecles, who was
swallowed up alive by the earth on his way back
from Thebes." "This man, O king," said Apollonius,
" still divines in Attica, inducing dreams in those who
consult him, and the priests take a man who wishes
to consult him, and they prevent his eating for one
day, and from drinking wine for three, in order that
he may imbibe the oracles with his soul in a
condition of utter transparence. But if wine were
215
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ayaOov rjv rov vttvov (jxip/jiaKov, eKeXevaev av o
xxxvii iv'\j.' ^ n ^ ^'
cro(po<; A/jL(piapeco<; rof? u€copov<; rov evavrtov
€crK6vaap,6vov<; rpoirov Kal olvov /yecrrou?, oiairep
d/jL(popea<;, 69 to aSvrov avrch (pepeaOat. ttoWcl
3e /cal /JLavTeia Xeyoifi av evSo/ct/jLa Trap* "YiXkrjai
T€ Kal ^ap^dpoL<;, ev oU 6 Upeix; vSaTO<;, aXX'
ov^t otvov (TiTdaa<^ ciTTocpOiyyeTai, rd Sk tov
T/DtVoSo?. OeocpoprjTOv Brj Kafie rjyov Kal Trayra?,
M ^aaiXev, tov<; to vBcop Trivovraf;' vv/ji(f)6\r]7rTOL
yap r}fjb€L<; Kal ^dK^Oi rov vrj(f)€LV. " Troi^ar)
ovv, ' ecpih *' <^ A7roW(t)VL€, Kajxe OLaacorrjv ; "
" eiTTep /jiT) <popTiKO<;, eiire, " rot? vTrrjKooLf; So^et?*
(piXoaocpLa yap irepi, /SacriXel dvBpl ^vfifieTpof; fiev
Kal vTTaveLfjLevr) OavpbadTrjv epyd^erac Kpaaiv,
coaTrep ev aol StacjiaiveTat, r) 8' dKpi,^r)<; Kal
vTTepTeivovaa <f>opTLKr] re, m ffaaiXev, Kal raireivo-
repa T179 vfJi€Tepa<=; aK7]vrj<; (f)aiveTai Kal rvcj^ov Be
avro TL dv e')(eiv rjyolvro fidaKavocJ'
XXXVIII
CAP. Tavra BiaXe^Oevre^;, Kal yap rj/jiepa ijBi] eivyya-
vev, e? TO e^co irpoy^Xuov. Kai ^vvet<; AttoWcovlo^; ,
ft)9 '^prj/jLaTi^eiv SeoL rov ^aaiXea tt pea ^elai'^
re Kal to?? toiovtol'^, " av p^evT e^'?, " w /SaaiXev,
rd TTpoai-jKovTa rrj dp'^i} TTpdrre, e/jue Be rov Kaipov
TOVTOv dv€<; TO) HXlo), Bel ydp fie ttjv eW ua pievqv
evxv^ ev^aaOai. " Kal aKovoi ye ev)(^ofjuevov,^^
e(f)7], " '^apielrat ydp irdaip, oiroaoL rfj ao^ia rfj
216
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
a good drug of sleep^ then the wise Amphiaraus chap.
would have bidden his votaries to adopt the opposite xxxvii
regimen^ and would have had them carried into his
shrine as full of wine as leathern flagons. And I
could mention many oracles^ held in repute by
Greeks and barbarians alike^ yhere the priest utters
his responses from the tripod after imbibing water
and not wine. So you may consider me also as a fit
vehicle of the god, O king, along with all who drink
water. For we are rapt by the nymphs and are
bacchantic revellers in sobriety." '^ Well, then,"
said the king, " you must make me too, O Apollonius,
a member of your religious brotherhood." " I would
do so," said the other, "provided only you will not
be esteemed vulgar and held cheap by your subjects.
For in the case of a king a philosophy that is at once
moderate and indulgent makes a good mixture, as
is seen in your own case ; but an excess of rigour
and severity would seem vulgar, O king, and beneath
your august station ; and it might be construed by
the envious as due to pride."
XXXVIII
When they had thus conversed, for by this time it chap.
was daylight, they went out into the open. And ^^^^'^
Apollonius, understanding that the king had to give -^poUonius'
audience to embassies and such-like, said : " You the Sun
then, O king, must attend to the business of state,
but let me go and devote this hour to the Sun, for I
must needs offer up to him my accustomed prayer."
" And I pray he may hear your prayer," said the king,
^' for he will bestow his grace on all who find pleasure
217
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. arj yaipovaiv' 6700 he irepLfxevM ere eiraviovra, Kai
XXXVIII ^\^ hiKaaai TLvm ypr) BUa<;, ah Traparvxoov ra
/jLeycard fxe 6vt](T€L<;.
XXXIX
XXX
CAP. 'ETraveXOcov ovv irpofcex^pVKvla^ rjBr] rrj^ rj^epa^
r/pcora irepl mv ehiKaaev, 6 he, " rij/MepovT e(f>7j,
" ovK eUKaaa, ra yap lepa ov ^wexcopet /AOi."
vTToXa^fov ovv 6 \\7roW(ovio<;, " ec/)' lepoh ovvT
€<t)7], ** TTOielaOe Kal TavTa^, Mcnrep ra? i^oSov^ re
Kul Ttt'; aTpaTeLa<; ;" " v^ At'," etTre, "Kal yap
ivravOa Kivhvvo^, el 6 hiKa^ayv airevexOeir] rov
evOeo<;" ev XeyeLv ra> 'AiroWwyiw eSofe, Kal
ripero avrov iraXiv, rt? etj], fjv SiKdaoL BUriv,
" opM ydpr el-rrev, " ecpearriKOTa ere Kal diropovvTa,
oirrj ^jr7](j)LaaL0. " ofioXoyM^ €(t>r), " d-rropelv, oOev
^vfJLJSovXov TTOLOVfiai ae- direSoro fiev ydp ri^
erepM yrjv, ev y Orjaavpcx; direKeiTO Ti9 ovira)
hrj\o<;, XP^^V ^^ varepov rj yi) payelaa XP^^ov
TLva dveSei^e ^rJKrjv, r^v (f^rjai fjuev eavrw irpocrr^KeLV
fiaWov 6 TTjv yrjv dirohofievo^;, Kal yap ovB' dv
diroSoaOai rrjv yrjv, el -rrpovfiaOev, on ^lov cV
avrfj exoi, o Trpidfievo^ Be avro^ d^iol ireiTdaOai,^
a ev rfj Xolttov eavrov yfj evpe' Kal BiKaLo<; fiev o
d/jL(l)Oiv X070?, evvOji^ 3' dv eyco (t>aLvmfMr)v, et
KsXevaacfit d/xcfxjD veipxterOai to xP^^^^^' '^^^'^^
218
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
ill your wisdom : but I will wait for you until you chap.
return, for I have to decide some cases in which
your presence will very greatly help me."
XXXIX
Apollonius then returned, when the day was chap.
XXXIX
already far advanced, and asked him about the cases _ , .
which he was judging ; but he answered : " To-day I consults
have not judged any, for the omens did not allow !j\™^JjJJb*^
me." Apollonius then replied and said : " It is the
case then that you consult the omens in such cases
as these, just as you do when you are setting out on
a journey or a campaign." " Yes, by Zeus," he said,
" for there is a risk in this case of one who is a
judge straying from the right line." Apollonius felt
that what he said was true, and asked him again
what the suit was which he had to decide ; " For
I see," he said, ^^that you have given your attention
to it and are perplexed what verdict to give." ^^ I
admit," said the king, " that I am perplexed ; and
that is why I want your advice ; for one man has
sold to another land, in which there lay a treasure as
yet undiscovered, and some time afterwards the land,
being broken up, revealed a certain chest, which the
person who sold the land says belongs to him rather
than to the other, for that he would never have sold
the land, if he had known beforehand that he had a
fortune thereon ; but the purchaser claims that he
acquired everything that he found in land, which
thenceforth was his. And both their contentions
are just ; and I shall seem ridiculous if I order them
219
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. 'yap av koX ypav^ SiaLT0)7j" viroXa^cop ovv 6
A7ToW(OVlO<;, " ft)9 /iJi€V OV (f)L\ocrO<j)0), €(f)TJ, " Tft)
dvhpe, BrjXol to irepl '^pvauov Bia^epeaOat a(j)d<;,
dptara 8* dv julol SiKaaat, B6^€t<; aySe iv6vp.r)6ei<^,
ft)9 ol Oeol TTpMTOV fiev eTTLfieKeiav iroiovvTai tmv
^vv aperfi (pLXoao^ovvrcov, hevTspov he tmv
ava/jbaprrjrcov re koI firjSev ircoTTore ahiKelv Bo^dv-
Tcov. BiSoaai Be Tot? fiev (fnXoaocftovcn, Biayt-
yvwaKCLV ev rd Oeld re koX rd dvdp(07T€La, toi<;
5* d\X(o<; 'X^prjCFTol's ^iov d'Tro)(^po)VTa, co? /x^ X^'^^^
TTore TMV dvayKauayv dhiKoi yevcovrar So/cet Sij
fJLOi, jSao-tXev, KaOdirep eirl Tpurdvrj^; dvTiKplvai
T0VT0V<; fcal tov d/uucfyolv dvaOecoprjo-ai ^iov, ov ydp
dv fioi BoKOvcriv ol 6eo\ tov fxev capeXeaOai koL
Tr)V yrjv, el fir) <pav\o<; 'qv, tw K av /cal ra vTrb Trj
7§ Bovvai, el /jlt) jSeXTLCov rjv tov diroBo/jLevov.'
d<f)iK0VT0 €9 TTjv ixTTepalav BiKaaofJuevoi d/jLcfxo, /cai
6 jjuev d7ToB6/jievo<; vl3pL(TTrj<^ t€ i^Xey^eTO Kal
6vaia<^ eVXeXofc7rco9, a9 eBei T0t9 ev Trj yfj Oeol^
Ovetv, 6 Be eTTieiKri^; re e(j)aLveTo Kal ocncoTaTa
depairevwv Tot'9 Oeoix;. eKpaTrjaev ovv rj tov
W^TToWcoviov yvco/uL7] Kal dirrj\6ev 6 %/9»7o-to9 ft>9
irapd TMV 6eo)v TavTa e%ft)i^.
220
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
to share the gold between them, for any old woman chap.
could settle the matter in that way." Apollonius ^^^^^
thereupon replied as follows : ^' The fact that they
are quarrelling about gold shows that these two men
are no philosophers ; and you will^ in my opinion, give
the best verdict if you bear this in mind, that the
gods attach the first importance and have most care
for those who live a life of philosophy together with
moral excellence, and only pay secondary attention
to those who have committed no faults and were
never yet found unjust. Now they entrust to
philosophers the task of rightly discerning things
divine and human as they should be discerned, but
to those who merely are of good character they give
enough to live upon, so that they may never be
rendered unjust by actual lack of the necessaries of
life. It seems then to me, O king, right to weigh
these men in the balance, as it were, and to examine
their respective lives ; for I cannot believe that the
gods Avould deprive the one even of his land, unless
he was a bad man, or that they would, on the other
hand, bestow on the other even what was under the
land, unless he was better than the man who sold
it." The two claimants came back the next day,
and the seller was convicted of being a ruffian who
had neglected the sacrifices, which it was his
bounden duty to sacrifice to the gods on that land ^ ;
but the other was found to be a decent man and a
most devout worshipper, of the gods. Accordingly,
the opinion of Apollonius prevailed, and the better
of the two men quitted the court as one on whom
the ffods had bestowed this boon.
»'
^ Or render : the gods of the underworld.
221
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XL
CAP. 'ETreJ 8e ra TP]<i BiKrj'^ (bSe 6cr^6, irpoaeXOoov 6
^AttoWcovio^; ray^lvSo), " rrjixepov,^^ eiireu, r) Tpirr)
T(t)v rjfxepcov, iv al'i eiroioi) fie, w /BaatXev, ^evov,
rfjf; 5' eiTCovarji; eco ^/37; i^eXavvecv eiro/jLevov tcj
vofifp. aX\ ovbe o vojjlo'^, enrev, rjor) ciaXeyeraL
(Toc, Koi yap rfj avptop fieveiv e^eanv, eTreiSr) fiera
fxea^qji^piav a(f)l/covJ' " ^at/9ft),' ecfirj, *' tcG ^cvlo),
Kol yap fioL BoK€i<; Kal aocpi^eaOat top vofiov Bi
ifiiJ^ " el yap Kal Xvaac avTov '^Bvvdfirjv, elire,
'* TO 76 virep aov. aXX' eKelvo fioi elire, ^ KiroXXoi-
vie, at KajJbifXoi, €(f) wv o')(^ela9ai ae cf)acnv, ov/c
etc ^a^vX(t)vo<; ayovaiv U/U.a9 ; " '* eKeWevT ecpi],
oovTO^ ye avTa<^ Uuapoavov. er ovv vfia<;
anrayeiv Bw^aovrac, roaavra 7]Br] ardBia ex
Ba/SfXwyo? rjKovaai ; " eo-LoyTrrjae fiev 6 'AttoXXw-
vco<i, 6 Be /\dfjLL<;, ovttco crvvLrjcriv,^^ e(f)7), "ay (BacnXev,
T^9 diroBrfixia^ o civrjp ovto^;, ovBe to)V edvoyv, ev
0I9 XoLiTov ea/jLev, aXX' &)? 7ravTa')(ov ae re Kal
OvapBdvrjV e^wv iraiBiav rjyetTac to e? IvBov'^;
irapeXOelv. to toc T(bv KafxrjXwv ov BiofMoXoyecTai
7r/)09 ere, ov e^ec Tpoirov BiaKeiVTat yap ovtco
KaKco<;, ft)9 avTal /xaXXov ixf)^ rjficov (pepeaOaL, Kal
Bel eTepcop. av yap oKXaawaiv ev eptj/uLO) ttov t7]<;
^IvBiKrjfi, r)iiel<i p^ev^ ecprj, " KaOeBovfieOa Tot'9
yvird^ t€ Kal tov<; Xvkov<; d'7Toaopo\JVTe<; tcov Kafii]-
Xa)v, rj/iMv Be ovBel<^ fiTroao/Srjaei, TrpocrairoXov fieO a
222
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
XL
When the law-suit had been thus disposed of, chap
Apollonius approached the Indian, and said: ^^ This '
is the third day, O king, that you liave made me gives the
your guest ; and at dawn to-morrow I must quit JjJJ^cameis
your land in accordance with the law." " But/' said
the otlier, " the law does not yet speak to you thus,
for you can remain on the morrow, since you came
after midday." " I am delighted," said Apollonius,
" with your hospitality, and indeed you seem to me to
be straining the law for my sake." " Yes indeed,
and I would I could break it," said the king, "in
your behalf; but tell me this, Apollonius, did not
the camels bring you from Babylon which they
say you were riding?" "They did," he said,
" and Vardan gave them us." •" Will they then
be able to carry you on, after they have come
already so many stades from Babylon ? " Apollonius
made no answer, but Damis said : " O king, our
friend here does not understand anything about
our journey, nor about the races among which we
shall find ourselves in future ; but he regards our
passage into India as mere child's play, under the
impression that he Avill everywhere have you and
Vardan to help him. I assure you, the true con-
dition of the camels has not been acknowledged to
you ; for they are in such an evil state that we
could carry them rather than they us, and we must
have others. For if they collapse anywhere in the
wilderness of India, we," he continued, " shall have to
sit down and drive off the vultures and wolves from
the camels, and as no one will drive them off from
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ^apr viroXalBoov ovv 6 l3aaiXev<i, " €70)," €(f>r},
- TOVTO ld(To/jLac, v/jlIv t€ yoip eripa^ Bcoaco —
rerrdpcov, olfjLat, SeiaOe — Kal 6 a-aTpdirr]^ he iirl
Tov ^IvBov 7r€fiyjr€L e? ^a^vXoiva erepa^ rerrapaf;.
eari Be /xol dyeXr] Ka^ijXcov iirl tw 'Iy8«, XevKal
iraaair " i]'^ep.ova Si, ' elirev Aa/xt9, " ovk av,
&) ^aaiXev, hoL7]<i ; " Kal KapirjXov 76," 6<^^, " tw
rjfyepbovi Bcoao) kol €(f)6Sta, iinareXo) Be koI Idp'X^a
TO) TrpeajSurdra) tmv <70(f)Mv, iv KitoXXwvlov fiev
ft)9 firjBev KaKLCi) eavrov Be^rjTat, vfid<; Be co?
<l)iXocr6<pov^ re Kal oiraBov'^ dvBpo'^ Oeiov. Kal
')^pvaLov Be eBLBov 6 'Ii^So? Kal ylry^^ov^; Kal oObva<^
Kal fivpia roiavra- 6 Be ' A7roXX(ovios ')(^pvaLov
fiev €(f)r) LKavbv eavrw eivat Bovto<; ye Ovap-
Bdvov Tc5 rjyefMovi d<^avM<; avre, rd<^ Be 666va<^
Xajx^dveiv, eTreiBr} eoiKacn TpijScovL rcov dp^atcov
re Kal irdw ^Attckcjv. jxiav Be rtva rcov '^'^(pcov
dveX6pbevo<=;, " o) ^eXrlcTTT], elirev, " (h^i e? Kaipov ae
Kal OVK dOeel evprjKa, i(T')(yv, olfxai, Tiva iv avrfi
KaOe(opaKoi)<; aTropprjTov re Kal Oeiav. ol Be d/Kpl
TOV Ad/jLiv ^pvaiov /Jbev ovB^ avrol irpocrievTO, rcov
'\jr^(j)(ov Be LKavci)<; iBpdrrovTO, a)9 6€ol<; dvaOrj-
aovre<;, ore iTraviXOoiev e? tcl eavroov i]Or).
XLI
CAP. K^ara/ielvaac Be avrol^ Kal rrjv iircovaav, ov
XLI \ y^f 1 ^ ' 'T ^ ' ^"'C^ V ^ ^
yap /jL€Ui€TO a(po)v Iz^oo?, oLocoac Tr)v 7r/909 tov
^Ydpyav eTTKTToXrjv yeypafifievqv coBe'
224
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK II
us, we shall perish too." The kmg answered accord- chap.
ingly and said : I will remedy this, for I will give ^^^
you other camels^ and you need four I think, and the
satrap ruling the Indus will send back four others to
Babylon. But I have a herd of camels on the Indus,
all of them white." '^^And, " said Damis, "will you
not also give us a guide, O king? " "^^Yes, of course,"
he answered, and I will give a camel to the guide
and provisions, and I will write a letter to larchas, the And a letter
oldest of the sages, praying him to welcome Apollon- ^^ i^rchas
ius as warmly as he did myself, and to welcome you
also as philosophers and followers of a divine man."
And forthwith the Indian gave them gold and
precious stones and linen and a thousand other such
things. And Apollonius said that he had enough
gold already, because Vardan had given it to the
guide on the sly ; but that he would accept the linen
robes, because they were like the cloaks worn by the
ancient and genuine inhabitants of Attica. And he
took up one of the stones and said : " O rare stone. His gift
how opportunely have I found you, and how pro- ^^ ^^^"^
videntially ! " detecting in it, I imagine, some secret
and divine virtue. Neither would the companions
of Damis accept for themselves the gold ; neverthe-
less they took good handfuls of the gems, in order
to dedicate them to the gods, whenever they should
regain their own country.
XLI
So they remained the next day as well, for the chap.
Indian would not let them go, and he gave them a ^^^^
letter for larchas, written in the following terms : —
225
VOL. I. O
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. " Baai\€v<i s>pao)T7](; 'Idpx^ BiSaa/cdXa) koX Toh
XLI \ > v / '
irepi avTov '^aipeiv.
\\.7roW(ovLO<; dvrjp ao(j)(jOTaTO<; aocfyoyrepov^; vfJLa<^
eavTOv rjyeirat. koX /jLadrjcro/jievo'i r}K€i ra vfierepa.
irepbTTeTe ovv avrov elSora oiroaa care' 0)9
dTToXetraL ovSev tmv paOrffidrcov vfiiv, kul yap
Xeyet dpio-ra dvOpooTrwv koI pLefivrjTai. ISerco oe
Kol Tov Opovov, icp' ov KaOiaavTi piot rrjv ^aaiXetav
eSco/ca^;, 'lapx^ Trdrep. fcal 01 eirop.evoL he av
a^LOL iiraivov, on roiovBe dv8po<i r/TTrjvr
evTV')(€i. Kol evTV^elre. ^
XLII
CAP. 'EfeXacrai^TC? he tmv Ta^lXcov koL hvo rjfiepcov
ohov dLeXOovTe<; a<^LKOVTO €9 to Trebiov, ev &> A67e-
rai irpo^ 'AXe^avSpov dycovlo-aaOai Il(t)po(;, icai
7rvXa<^ ev avrw Ihelv (^aau ^vy/cXeLOvcra^ ovhev,
dXXd Tpoiraiwv eveKa cpKohop^rfpLeva^. dvaKelaOai
yap eV avrcov top ^AXe^avSpov e (pea tt) /cor a
TerpappvpLOL^ dpp^aaiv, olo<> eirl rot^ Aapeiov
aarpdirai^ ev 'Icrcrot9 eaT7}/ce. hLaXeiirovaai ov
TToXv dXXrjXcov hvo e^cpKohop^rjaOai Xeyovrac nrvXai,
Kal (\>epeLv rj p.ev Uwpov, 7) he 'AXe^avhpov,
^vP./3€^7]k6t€, olp.aL, pera Tr)V p^dxv'^, p,ev yap
dairai^opbevw eoLKev, 6 he irpocrKWOvvrL.
226
I
LIFE OF APOLLONICS, BOOK II
" Kinff Phraotes to larchas his master and to his chap.
companions^ all hail !
.,, King
ApoUonius, wisest of men, yet accounts you still Phmotes
wiser than himself, and is come to learn your lore. J.^eom^.^^
Send him away therefore when he knows all that you mending
know yourselves, assured that nothing of your ' .^
teachings will perish, for in discourse and memory
he excels all men. And let him also see the throne,
on which I sat, when you. Father larchas, bestowed
on me the kingdom. And his followers too deserve
commendation for their devotion to such a master.
Farewell to yourself and your companions."
XLII
And they rode out of Taxila, and after a journey chap.
of two days reached the plain, in which Porus is -^^'^
said to have engaged Alexander : and they say they xaxfia^^The
saw gates therein that enclosed nothing, but had triumphal
been erected to carry trophies. For there was Alexander
set up on them a statue of Alexander standing in a
four-poled chariot,^ as he looked when at Issus
he confronted the Satraps of Darius. And at
a short distance from one another there are said to
have been built two gates, carrying the one a statue
of Porus, and the other one of Alexander, of both, as
I imagine, reconciled to one another after the battle ;
for the one is in the attitude of one man greeting
another, and the other of one doing homage.
^ i.e. with eight horses.
227
Q 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XLIII
CAP. Uora/jiov Se 'TBpacorrjv vTrep/SavTe^i koI irXeiw
XLIII >//! > / • 5 / \ « "V> J / o
€UV7] a/jL€LYavT€(; eyevovTO TTyoo? tco l(pa(7Loi,,
(TTdhia Be a7re^oz^Te9 tovtov rptaKovra ^oifiol^
• T€ eveTv^ov, oh iTreyiypairro IIATPI AM MUNI
KAI HPAKAEI AAEA^HI KAI AeHNAI
nPONOIAI KAT AIT OATMnim KAI
SAMOePAIHI KABEIPOIS KAI INAfll
HAim KAI AEA<I>ni AnOAAONI, (t>aal Se
Kctl (tttJXtjv avaKelaOai ycCkKrjv, y iiriyeypa^Oat
AAEHANAPOS ENTATQA ESTH. tou? ixev
hr) /3o)/jLOV^ ^AXe^dvSpov rjycofieOa to rrji; eavrov
dpXV^ Te/3yu-a Ti/xcoz^TO?, rrjv Be arTjXrjv tov<; fiera
Tov"'X^(^aaLv ^Iv8ov<; dvaOeivat Sokm p^OLXa/nTrpwo-
fxevov^ iirl tw ^ KXe^avhpov fir) irpoeXOelv irpocTO).
228
LIFE OF APOLLONICJS, BOOK I J
XLIII
And having crossed the river Hydraotes and chap,
passed by several tribes^ they reached the Hyphasis^ XLiii
and thirty stades away from this they came on altars Aiexander
bearing this inscription : To Father Ammon and «? ^^^ river
Heracles his brother, and to Athena Providence and
to Zeus of Olympus and to the Cabeiri of
Samothrace, and to the Indian Sun and to the
Delphian Apollo."
And they say there was also a brass column
dedicated, and inscribed as follows :
- ^' Alexander stayed his steps at this point." The
altars we may suppose to be due to Alexander who
so honoured the limit of his Empire ; but I fancy
the Indians beyond the Hyphasis erected the
column, by way of expressing their pride" at
Alexander's having gone no further.
229
BOOK III
231
r
I
CAP. Tlepl Be Tov 'Tc^daiBo'^ kol OTroao^; rrjv ^IvSiKrjv
8iaaT€L')(€i Koi 6 TL irepl avrov Oavfia, rdBe ')(p7]
yLyvoocTKeLV' al Trrjyal rov Trora/jLOv tovtov /3Xu-
^ov(TC fiev eK TreSiov, vavaiiropoL avroOev, Trpo'iovaat
8e Kol vavalv ijBrj airopoi elatv. dKpcc>vv')(^iai yap
irerpoiv irapaXka^ viravia')(ovcn tov vSaTO<^, irepl
as dvdyKTj to pev/xa ekiTTeaOai koi iroielv tov
TTOTa/jLov airXovv. evpo<^ he avTco KaTa tov "laTpov,
TTOTap^cov 8e ovTO<i 8oK€c /xeyiaTO'^, ottoctol 8c
Ejvpco7rrj<; peovcri. 8ev8pa 8e ol irpoaopLOta (f)V€C
irapd ra? 6')(6a^, kul tl koi pbvpov ifcBlBoTat tmv
8ev8p(Dv, o iroiovvTai ^\v8o\ yapuKov y^piapia, kol
el firj TO) p^vpcp TOUTft) pdvcoat tou? vvp,(f)LOv<; ol
^vvLOVTe^^ e? tov ydfiov, aTeXr]'^ BoKel koi ovk 6?
ydp^'^ '^fl A.(f)po8iTrj ^vvapfioaOeif;. dveladat 8e
TTJ dew TavTTj Xeyovcnv avTo re to wepl tu> iroTap^fo
vep.o<; fcal tov<; l')(6v^ tov<^ raw?, ovs ovto^ povo<^
TTOTap.Mv Tpe(f>ei, ireTroirjvTat 8e avTOv^ 6picovvp.ov^
TOV 6pvi6os, iirel Kvdveoi puev avTol^; ol \6(j)0i,
232
BOOK III
I
CHAP.
I
The river
It is now time to notice the river Hj'phasis, and
to ask what is its size as it traverses India^ and
what remarkable features it possesses. The springs Hyphasis
of this river well forth out of the plain^ and close to
its source its streams are navigable^ but as they
advance they soon become impossible for boats,
because spits of rock alternating with one another,
rise up just below the surface ; round these the
current winds of necessity, so rendering the river
unnavigable. And in breadth it approaches to the
river Ister, and this is allowed to be the greatest of
all the rivers which flow through Europe. Now the A ""Ptiai
w^oods along the bank closely resemble those of the
river in question, and a balm also is distilled from
the trees, out of which the Indians make a nuptial
ointment ; and unless the contracting parties to the
wedding have besprinkled the young couple with
this balm, the union is not considered complete nor
compatible with Aphrodite bestowing her grace
upon it. Now they say that the grove in the
neighbourhood of the river is dedicated to this
goddess, as also the fishes called peacock fish which
are bred in this river alone, and which have been
given the same name as the bird, because their fins
^33
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. (TTLKToX Se al (^oXt^e?, -^pvcrd Se ra ovpala teal,
oTTore PovXoLVTO, avaKkcofJLeva. ean Se tl dripiov
iv T(p TTora/jLO) rovrcp aKcoXrjKi eiKaa fxevov XevKw.
TOVTO 01 Tr}KOVT€<; eXaiov TTOLovvraL, TTvp he dpa
Tov iXatov TOVTOV iKSiSoTai, koI areyec avro ttXtjv
iieXov ovhev. aXiorKerai Se tw /SaatXel fiovw to
drjpiov TOVTO 7r/?09 TeL)(MV aXwcnv. iTretSav yap
Oljt) tmv iiraX^ewv rj iriiieXr), irvp eKKaXecTaL
KpeiTTOV G-/3€CrT7}pLCOV, OTTOCTa dvOpCOTTOL^ TT/OO? TO.
TTvpcpopa evprjTai.
II
CAP. Kal Tou? ovov^ he tou? dypiov^ ev TOt<; eXeai tov-
Tot? dXicFKeaOai (paatv, elvai he toI<^ 6ripL0L<^ tov-
T0i9 cttI /x.€Tco7rof Kepa<^, m Tavprjhov re koX ovk
dyevvco^; fid'^ovTai,, koL diro^aiveiv tou? 'Ii^Sou?
eKircdfUi TO K€pa<; tovto, ov ydp ovt€ voaijaai ttjv
7)ixepav €K€ivr)V 6 dir avTOV ttlcov, ovt€ dv TpcoOeU
dXyriaai, ttu/do? t€ hie^eXOelv dv koI /jltjB^ dv (pap-
' /jbd/coL(; dXcovai oiroaa eVl KaKw inveTai, ^aaiXecov
he TO eKTTcojJba etvaL /cal ^aaiXel /xovcp dvelcrOai, ttjv
Orjpav. 'AttoXXcoz^^o? he to jxev Orjpiov ecopaKevai
(f>7)cy\ Kol dyaaOai avTO Trj<; (pvaew^, epofievov he
avTov TOV Ad/iLho<;, el tov Xoyov tov Trepl tov
eKiTOifjiaTO'^ 7rpoahe')(ocTO, " irpoahe^ofiai,' elirev,
- i]V dOdvaTOV jjbdOw tov j^acnXea tmv hevpo \vho3V
ovTa, TOV ydp i/jLou re kol tw helvL opeyovTa Trayfjua.
234
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 111
are bliie^, and their scales spotty^ and their tails chap.
golden^ and because they can fold and spread the ^
latter at will.
There is also a creature in this river which worm^'^"^
resembles a white worm. By melting this down they
make an oil, and from this oil, it appears, there is given
off a flame such that nothing but glass can contain it.
And this creature may be caught by the king alone
who utilises it for the capture of cities ; for as soon
as the fat in question touches the battlements, a fire
is kindled which defies all the ordinary means
devised by men against combustibles.
II
And they say that wild asses are also to be chap.
captured in these marshes, and these creatures have ^^
a horn upon the forehead, with which they butt like J^^^ and the
a bull and make a noble fight of it ; the Indians magic cup
make this horn into a cup, for they declare that no his hom
one can ever fall sick on the day on which he has
drunk out of it, nor will any one who has done so be
the worse for being wounded, and he will be able to
pass through fire unscathed, and he is even immune
from poisonous draughts which others would drink to
their harm. Accordingly, this goblet is reserved for
kings, and the king alone may indulge in the chase
of this creature. And ApoUonius says that he saw
this animal, and admired its natural features ; but
when Damis asked him if he believed the story about
the goblet, he answered : " I will believe it, if I find
the king of the Indians hereabout to be immortal ;
for surely a man who can offer me or anyone else a
235
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. avoaov re teal ovtco<; vyLe<;, ttw? ou%l /jloXXov etVo?
avTov iireyx^tv eavro) rovrov /cal oarj/jLepaL iriveLV
avo Tov K€paTO<; rovrov p^^y^pi' Kpai7rd\r)<;; ov yhp
hiapaXel rc<^, olfiai, rb rovrw pieOveiv.
Ill
^^^- ^KvravOa koX yvvaUo (pacrlv ivrerv^^rjfcevat ra
p,ev eK Ke(^a\i)<; e? pa^ov<; pAXavt, ra he eK p^a^cov
69 7ro8a9 \evK& irdvra, koI avrol /xev &)? help^a
(jivyelv, rov 8e ^AttoWcovlov ^vvd-^jrac re ra> yvvaitp
rr)v %efc^a fcal ^vvelvai o ri ehy lepovrai he dpa rfi
^A(j)pohirr] ^Ivhr] rotavrr], Kal ruKrerai rrj Oew yvvrj
ttolklXt], KaOdirep 6 'Att*? Al>yv7rri0i<;.
IV
CAP. ^l^vrevOev (jyacrLv V7rep/3a\eiv rov KavKdcrov ro
IV
Kararelvov e? rrjv ^KpvOpdv OdXaaaav, elvac he
avro ^vvr)pe(pe<; ihat^i dpct)p,drcov. roi/? fiev hrj
7rpMva<; rov opov^ ro Kt,vvdp,(Ofiov (l)epeiv, rrpoaeoi-
Kevai he avro veoi^i KKrjpbacn, ^daavov he rov
dpoo/jLaro<; rrjv alja elvar KLVvapboop^ov yap et Ti<?
alyl ope^eie, Kvv^ijaerai tt/jo? rrjv ')(elpa, Kaddrrep
KV(ov, dmovn re op^pryjcret rr}v plva e? avro
ipelaaaa, kclv o aliroXo^ dirdyrj, Oprjvrjaei KaOdrrep
Xcorov dirocTrcopbevrf. iv he rols Kprfp^vols rov
236
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
draught potent against disease and so wholesome^ chap.
will he not be much more likel}' to imbibe it himself^ ^^
and take a drink out of this horn every day even at
the risk of intoxication ? For no one, I conceive,
would blame him for exceeding in such cups,"
III
At this place they say that they also fell in with chap.
a woman who was black from her head to her bosom, '^^
but was altogether white from her bosom down to womsm ^*^
her feet ; and the rest of the party fled from her
believing her to be a monster, but Apollonius clasped
the woman by the hand and understood what she
was ; for in fact such a woman in India is consecrated
to Aphrodite, and a woman is born piebald in honour
of this goddess, just as is Apis among the Egyptians.
IV
They say that from this point they crossed the chap.
part of the Caucasus which stretches down to the
Red Sea ; and this range is thickly overgrown with cinnamon
aromatic shrubs. The spurs then of the mountain of the
1 1 • 1-1 111 Caucasus
bear the cinnamon tree, which resembles the young-
tendrils of the vine, and the goat gives sure indication
of this aromatic shrub ; for if you hold out a bit of
cinnamon to a goat, she will whine and whimper after
your hand like a dog, and will follow you when you
go away, pressing her nose against it ; and if the goat-
herd drags her away, she will moan as if she were
being torn away from the lotus. But on the steeps of
237
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. 6pov<; Xi^avoL re vyjrrjXol irec^vKacn KaliroWa etSr]
€T€pa, Mai ra 8ev8pa al Treirepthe^, a)v yecopyol
TTiOrjKOL, fcal ovSe o) eLfcaarai, tovto, Trapelral
a<^Latv, ov he etpijraL rpoirov, 6700 SrfXcoaa)' to
BevSpov T) Treirepi^ eiKaaTaL fiev tm Trap' F^Wrjaiv
ayvw Ttt T€ aWa /cat tov Kopvp^jBov tov /capirov,
^v6Tat Be ev to?? aTTOTopiot^ ovk ecj)L/CT6<; toI^
avOpa)7roL(;, ov XiyeTai inOrjKwv oiKelv 8rjp,o(; ev
p.v)(^ot^ TOV 6pov(; Koi Ti avTov koVKov, ov<; ttoX-
Xov a^Lov<; ol \vBol vofii^ovTe^;, eTreiBrj to Treirepi
(iTTOTpvyMai, TOv<; XeovTa^; air avTcov epv/covai Kval
T€ Kal OTrXoif;. eTTLTLOeTac Be indrjKM Xecov voacov
fjuev virep (f)app,dKOv, ttjv yap voaov avT& to, fcpea
^i<jyei TavTa, yeyr}paKoy<; Be virep (tltov, Trj<; yap tmv
eXdcpcov Kal avcov Oqpa^ e^wpoc yeyovoTe^ tov<; ttl-
6r)K0Vs Xa(^vaaov(Jiv 69 tovto '^(^pcop.evoL ttj XoiTrfj
pcop'T}. ov p.i]v ol dvOpayirot irepiopMaiv, aXX' evep-
yeTa<; t)yovp.evoL tcl Orjpia TavTa wpo^ tov<; XeovTa^
virep avTcov al^pbr]v acpovTai. tcl yap irpaTTOpLeva
irepl TO.? ireirepiBa^ o)Be e^er irpoaeXOovTe^ oTlvBol
T0t9 KaTco BevBpeat,Tov Kapirov diroOepiaavT6<;, dXo)<;
iroLOvvTat fMi/cpd(} irepl tcl BevBpa, Kal to ireirept irepl
avTa^; ^vp,<^opovcnv olov ptirTOvvT€<;, co? citl/jlov tl
Kal pLi] ev airovBf) toI<^ dvOpcoiroi,^;, ol Be dvcoOev Kal
€K TMV d/SdTcov dcpecjpaKOTef; TavTa, vvkto^; yevo-
p.evrj<; viroKplvovTat to tmv ^\vB6)v epyov, Kal tov*;
^oaTpvxov<; tcov BevBpcov irepio-ircbvTe^; piirTOvai
^38
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
CHAl*.
this mountain there grow very lofty frankincense ^^^
trees, as well as many other species, for example the xhe pepper
pepper trees which are cultivated by the apes. Nor t^ee
did they neglect to record the look and appearance
of this tree, and I will repeat exactly their account
of it. The pepper tree resembles in general the
willow of the Greeks, and particularly in regard to the jj.g ^^.^^-j.
berry of the fruit ; and it grows in steep ravines procured
where it cannot be got at by men, and where a the apes ^
community of apes is said to live in the recesses of
the mountain and in anv^ of its glens ; and these apes
are held in great esteem by the Indians, because they
harvest the pepper for them, and they drive the lions
off them with dogs and weapons. For the lion, when
he is sick, attacks the ape in order to get a remedy,
for the flesh of the ape stays the course of his
disease ; and he attacks it when he is grown old to
get a meal, for the lions when they are past hunting
stags and wild boars gobble up the apes, and husband
for their pursuit whatever strength they have left.
The inhabitants of the country, however, are not
disposed to allow this, because they regard these
animals as their benefactors, and so make war against
the lions in behalf of them. For this is the way they
go to work in collecting the pepper ; the Indians go
up to the lower trees and pluck off the fruit, and
they make little round shallow pits around the trees,
into which they collect the pepper, carelessly tossing
it in, as if it had no value and was of no serious use
to mankind. Then the monkeys mark their actions
from above out of their fastnesses, and when the
night comes on they imitate the action of the Indians,
and twisting off the twigs of the trees, they bring
and throw them into the pits in question ; then the
239
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP, (j)€povT€<; 69 Ta9 oXco^, ol ^\vhol he afxa rj/juipa acop-
0^9 dvaipovvrai rov apcofiaTOf; ovBe TrovrjaavTe^;
ovSev, aXXa pdOvfioi re koX KaOevSovre^i.
V
'T7r€pdpavTe<i Be rov opov^; irehiov ISecv (pacn
^^^' Xelov KaraTer p^Tj jxevov 69 Td<ppov(; TrXrjpeL^ vBaTO<;.
elvai he avTMV Ta9 p^ev eTTLKapcriov^, Ta<; Be 6pOd<i,
hir}yp.eva<; Ik tov Trorap^ov rov Tdyyov, t7}9 re
')(^Mpa<^ opia ovaa^, toI^ re 7rehLoi<; eTrayop^eva^;,
OTTore r) yrj hi'^for], Tr)V Be yrjv Tavrrjv dpicrrrjv
(paal 77)9 ^lvBcfcr]<; elvac koI pLeylarTjv tmv e/cel
Xij^ecov, TzevTeKaiBeica rjpiepcov oBov p,rjKO<i iirl rov
Vdyyrjv, OKTCo/calBeKa Be diro da\daar}<; eiTi to
TMV TnOrjKwv opo<^, (p ^vpLiraparelveL. 7reBLa<^ wdaa
T) X^P^ pueXaivd re koI irdvTCDV ev(popo<^. IBelv
p^ev yap ev avrfj ardyya's dvearcoraf;, bcrov ol
BovaKe^, IBelv Be Kvdpbov^ Tpi7r\aaiov<; rcov Al-
yvTTTLcov TO p.eyeOo<;, arjcrapLov re koI Keyy^pov
vTrepipvd irdvTa. evTuvOa fcal Ta Kdpva (pveaOai
(j)a(TLv, o)v TToXXd TTpo^ lepot<; dvaKelaOai toU
Bevpo OavpLaTO^; eve/ca. Ta9 ^e dpuireXovf; ^veaOaL
pL€V pbLKpd<=;, KaOdirep at KvBoiV t€ koI ^aiovcov,
7T0TLpL0V<; Be elvat koX dvOoapbia^ op^ov tm drro-
Tpvydv. evTavOa koX BevBpo) c^aalv ivreTvyv^^^^^^
TTpoceoLKOTi TTj Bd<pvr], (^veadat Be avTOv KdXvfca
etKaa puevrjv rfj p,eyiaTr] poa, koX purjXov eyKelaOai
TTj KdXv/CL Kvdveov puev, coairep tcov vaKivOwv
at KdXvKe^y irdvTcov Be rjBicTTOv, oiroaa e'f odptav
7]fcei.
240
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
Indians at daybreak carry away the heaps of the chap.
spice which they have thus got without any trouble^ ^^
and indeed during the repose of slumber.
V
After crossing the top of the mountain^ they say chap.
they saw a smooth plain seamed with cuts and ^'
ditches full of water, some of which were carried T^9 , ,
T ., 1 .1 1 irrigated
crosswise, whilst others were straight ; these are plain of
derived from the ri\ er Ganges, and serve both for * ® anges
boundaries, and also are distributed over the plain,
when the soil is dr}-. But they say that this soil is
the best in India, and constitutes the greatest of the
territorial divisions of that country, extending in
length towards the Ganges a journey of fifteen days
and of eighteen from the sea to the mountain of the
apes along which it skirts. The whole soil of the
plain is black and fertile of ever}i:hing ; for you can
see on it standing corn as high as reeds, and you can
also see beans three times as large as the Egyptian
kind, as w^ell as sesame and millet of enormous size.
And they say that nuts also grow there, of which
many are treasured up in our temples here as objects
of curiosity. But the vines which grow there are
small, like those of the Lydians and Maeones ; their
vintage however is not only drinkable, but has a fine
bouquet from the first. They also say that they
came upon a tree there resembling the laurel, upon
which there grew a cup or husk resembling a very
large pomegranate ; and inside the cup there was a
kernel as blue as the cups of the hyacinth, but
sweeter to the taste than any of the fruits the
seasons bring.
241
VOL. I, R
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
VI
CAP. }^aTa^aivovT€<; Se to 6po<; SpaKovrcov Orfpa
7r€pLrv')(€lv (fyacTL, irepi -^9 avar^KT) Xe^at' fcal yap
acpoSpa evrjOe^; virep /jL€v tov Xayco koI otto)? aXl-
a/cerac kol aXaoaerac, ttoWcl elprjaOac T0t9 e?
(ppovTiSa ^aWop,evoL<i Tavra, rjfjLa^; Be irapeXOelv
Xoyov yevvaia'^ re koI SaLp,ovLOv 6i]pa<i fxtjSe ra>
avSpl 7rapaXeL(^6evra, 69 ov ravra eypa-^a' Bpa-
KOVTcov fiev yap Brj aireipoL'^ fJirjKeGi Kare^cocTTaL
iraaa tj ^Iv^Lfcr] %(jopa Kal /jbeara fiev avroyv eXrj,
fieara oe opr], Kevo^ oe ovbei^ Kocpo^. oi puev oi]
eXeiOL vodOpoi re elai /cal TpiaKovTd'rrrj'^v fjbrjKO<^
e^ovat, Kal Kpdvo^ avTol^ ovk dvecrrTjKev, dXX'
elal Tat9 8pa/caivai<^ o/nocoi, fieXave^; Se L/cav(t)<; rov
vo)TOv Kal r}TTov (f)oXi8(OTol TMV ciXXcov. Kal
ao(f>(OT€pov TjiTTaL TOV Xoyov irepl avrcov ' O/XTjpo'^
7) ol TToXXol TTOLTjraL, TOV yap SpaKovTa tov iv
AvXiBt TOV 77/309 TTJ Trrjyfj OlKOVVTa TTepl VCJTa
8a<f)0cvbv etprjKev, ol he aXXoi ttoltjtoI tov 6/jLO7]0r)
TOVTO) TOV iv T(h Trj<i NeyLtea9 dXcrec (paal Kal
Xo(f)tdv €%6iz^, oirep ovk dv irepl 701)9 eXeiov^i
evpoLfiev.
VII
CAP. 0/ he VTTO Ta9 viTwpeia^ ts Kal tov<; X6(pov<;
XevTai fjbev 69 ra irehia eirl Orjpa, irXeoveKTOvaL he tmv
eXeioiv irdvTa, Kal yap e^ irXeov tov /jlt^kov*; eXav-
vovai, Kal Ta')(yTepoi tmv o^VTdTcov iroTaficiiv
(pipovTac, Kal hcacpevyet avTOv^ ovhev tovtoi<; Kal
242
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
VI
Now as thev descended the mountain, thev say chap.
they came in for a dragon hunt^ which I must needs
describe. For it is utterly absurd for those who are sorts of
amateurs of hare-hunting to spin yarns about tlie ?^^?^" "'
hare, as to how it is caught or ought to be caught,
and yet that we should omit to describe a chase as
bold as it is wonderful, and in which the sage was
careful to assist ; so 1 have written the following
account of it : The whole of India is girt with .
dragons of enormous size ; for not only the marshes
are full of them, but the mountains as well, and there
is not a single ridge without one. Now the marsh
kind are sluggish in their habits and are thirty cubits
long, and they have no crest standing up on their
heads, but in this respect resemble the she-dragons.
Their backs however are very black, with fewer
scales on them than the other kinds ; and Homer lUnd n. 308
has described them with deeper insight than have
most poets, for he says that the dragon that lived
hard by the spring in Aulis had a taw^ny back ; but
other poets declare that the congener of this one in .
the grove of Nemea also had a crest, a feature which
we could not verify in regard to the marsh dragons.
VII
And the dragons along the foothills and the chap.
mountain crests make their way into the plains after ^^^
their quarry, and prey upon all the creatures in
the marshes ; for indeed they reach an extreme
length, and move faster than the swiftest rivers, so
243
R 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. \o(f)La (fiverat, veot<; [lev v7ravia')(ov(Ta to /jLerpiov,
Te\€iov/jL€VOL<; Be avvav^avo/jbevrj re koX avvaviovaa
69 TToXv, ore Br) TTvpaoi re koX TrpLovcorol ytyvovTai.
ovTOi fcal <y€V€id(TKOV(TL Kal rbv av)(^€va v'^ov
alpovcTi, Kol rrjv (poXlBa ariX^oucn Blktjv apyvpov,
at Be TMV 6(j)da\/jLcbv Kopac Xt^o? iarl Bid7rvpo<;,
i(T')(yv B* avTO)v dfiij'^avov elvai (jyacrtv e? woWa
Toyv diroOeTcov. yiyverai Be rol^ dr]p(ocnv o ireBivo^i
evprjfjLa, eireiBav roiv i\e(f>dvTO)P nvci eTnaTrdarjrai,
tovtI yap dnToWvaiV d/jL<pco rd Orjpua. koa KepBo<;
T0?9 eXovat BpaKOvra^^ ocpOaXfiOL re yiyvovjai Kai
Bopd Kal 6B6vTe<;. elal Be rd fiev dWa o/jlolol
Tot9 Tcoz/ /jLeyicrrcov avoyv, XeirTorepoi Be zeal Btd-
(JTpo^oL Kal rrjv al')(/jLr)v drpCTTTOi, KaOdirep oi rcov
fxeydXwv l')(6vcov.
VIII
VIII
CAP. Ot .Be opecoL BpdKovje^ rrjv fiev <^oXtBa )(^pV(Tol
(^aivovraL, ro Be /jL7]ko<; virep rov^ ireBcvov*;, yeveia
Be avTOL*; ^o<7TpV)(^d)Bii, '^pvad KaKelva, Kai Karco-
(ppvcovrai jJbdXXov rj ol ireBLvoi, ojjbjJia re viroKadrjTai
rfj o^pvL Betvov Kal dvaiBe^ BeBopKO<;, vTro'^aXKOv re
r)yoi (pepovatv, eTreiBav rfj yfj vttokv p,aiv(oa lv , airo
Be Tcov Xocpcov irvpacov ovrcov Trvp avTOC<; arreL
XapLTraBiov irXeov. ovtol Kal rov<; iXe<f>avra<;
alpovaiv, avTol Be viro tmv *lvBo)v ovtco^ aXi-
244
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
that nothing escapes them. These actually have a chap.
crestj of moderate extent and height when they are ^ ^^
young ; but as they reach their full size_, it grows
with them and extends to a considerable height^ at
which time also they turn red and get serrated
backs. This kind also have beards, and lift their
necks on high, while their scales glitter like silver ; Their eye
and the pupils of their eyes consist of a fiery stone, contain
and they say that this has an uncanny power for gems
many secret purposes. The plain specimen falls
the prize of the hunters whenever it draws upon
itself an elephant ; for the destruction of both
creatures is the result, and those who capture
the dragons are rewarded by getting the eyes and
skin and teeth. In most respects they resemble the
largest swine, but they are slighter in build and
flexible, and they have teeth as sharp and indestruct-
ible as those of the largest fishes.
VIII •
Now the dragons of the mountains have scales of chap
Y I T T
a golden colour, and in length excel those of the
plain, and they have bushy beards, which also are of catching
a golden hue ; and their eyebrows are more prominent b^^nfgaus
than those of the plain, and their eye is sunk deep of spells
under the eyebrow, and emits a terrible and ruthless
glance. And they give off a noise like the clashing
of brass whenever they are burrowing under the
earth, and from their crests, which are all fiery red,
there flashes a fire brighter than a torch. They
also can catch the elephants, though they are
themselves caught by the Indians in the following
245
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. (TKOvrar KOfCKo^acf>€L ireirXw '^pvaa iveipavre^;
ypd/jL/iara TiOevTai irpo rrjf; ')(eia<; vttvov, iyyorjrev-
aavTE^ T0t9 ypdiMfiaaLv, v(p' ov vcKarai tov<;
ocpOaX/J^ov^; 6 hpaKwv aT/oeTrrof ? ovra^;, koI ttoWcl
T^9 ciTTOppijrov ao(pias iir avrov aSovcnv, ol<;
dyerai re Kai rov av')(eva vTrep/BaXcov Trj<; ^eLd<;
iiTLKaOevhei rol^; ypd/jUfiacn' TrpoaTreaovres ovv ol
'\vho\ Keifjuevw ireXeKCL^ ivapdrrovcri, koX ttjv
/C6(f)aXr)v diroT€[JbovT€<; Xtj^ovtul Ta9 iv avTrj \i6ov<;.
diroKelaOaL he (pacnv ev rat? tmv opeicov SpaKovrcov
K€(f)a\al<^ \iOov<i TO jjL€v elSos dv67]pd<; koI Trdvra
d7ravya^ovaa<^ ')(^pd)/jLaTa, rrjv Se l(T')(yv dpprjTov;
Kara rov SaKTvXiov, ov yeveaOai (paal r(p Tvyrj.
iroWdKL^ he koX tov ^\vhov avrw ireXeKet /cal avrfi
Te')(yr) auXXa^cov e? rrjv avrov %e^a^' cfiepwv M^ero,
[xovovoi) aeiwv ro opo^;. ovtol koL rd oprj rd irepl
rrjv ^^pvOpdv olicelv Xeyovrai, avpiyp^a Be heivov
(jiaaiv aKovecrOai tovtwv, koL KaTiovra^; avTov<; eTrl
Tr)v OdXarrav irXelv eVt iroXv rov ireXdyov^i. irepl
Se irMV p.r]Kov<^ tov Orfpiov tovtov yvoivai re
diTOpov KoX elirelv dmo-Tov. Toaavra irepl Spa/cov-
TCOV Oi
ISa.
IX
c^P- Tr)V Se TToXiv tyjv vtto tw opei p,€yi(TT7jv ovaav
(f}acrl p,ev KaXelcrOai TLdpaKa, SpaKovrcov Se dvaKel-
aOai K6(f)aXd<; iv fiearj irXeiara'i, yv/jLva^o/xevcov
TO)v iv i/c6iV7) ^IvScov TTjv Oijpav ravrrjv ix vecov.
246
I
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 111
manner. They embroider golden runes on a scarlet chap
cloak, which they lay in front of the animal's burrow ^^^^
after charming them to sleep with the runes ; for this
is the only way to overcome the eyes of the dragon,
which are otherwise inflexible, and much mysteri-
ous lore is sung by them to overcome him. These
runes induce the dragon to stretch his neck out of
his burrow and fall asleep over them : then the
Indians fall upon him as he lies there, and despatch
him with blows of their axes, and having cut off the
head they despoil it of its gems. And they say that
in the heads of the mountain dragons there are
stored away stones of flowery colour, which flash out all
kinds of hues, and possess a mystical power if set in a
ring, like that which they say belonged to Gyges. But
often the Indian, in spite of his axe and his cunning,
is caught by the dragon, who carries him off into his
burrow, and almost shakes the mountains as he
disappears. These are also said to inhabit the
mountains in the neighbourhood of the Red Sea, and
they say that they heard them hissing terribly and
that they saw them go down to the shore and swim
far out into the sea. It was impossible however to
ascertain the number of years that this creature lives,
nor would my statements be believed. This is all I
know about dragons.
IX
They tell us that the city under the mountain is chap
of great size and is called Parax, and that in the ^^
centre of it are stored up a great many heads of p^rax*^
dragons, for the Indians who inhabit it are trained
from their boyhood in this form of sport. And they
247
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP Xeyovrat Be koX ^o)cov ^vvievai (f)Oe<y'yofi€vo)v re koX
' ^ovXevojJievcdV, (tltov/jL€vol hpcLKovro^ ol /juev /capSlav,
ol Se Tjirap. Trpoiovre^ Be avXov puev aKovaai ho^ai
vo/bieco^; Brj tivo<; dyeXijv Tarroi^TO?, eXd(f)ov<; Be dpa
jSovKoXelaOai X€Vfcd<;, dfieXyovcn Be ^IvBol ravra^
€vrpa(f)e(; rjyov/jievoL to dir avTMV ydXa.
X
CAP. 'FjvrevOev r)p,€pct)V rerrdpayv oBov iropevojievoi Bi
■^ evBai/jiovo<=; fcal evepyov t?}? '^wpa'; irpoaeXOelv
(j)acn, TTj TMV ao(pa)v Tvpaei. rbv Be rjye/jiova
KeXevaavTa crvvoKXdcraL rrjv KdfirjXov diroTrr^Brjaai
avT7]<; irepiBea kol /^/^wto? irXewv. rbv Be 'AttoX-
Xcoviov ^vvelvai fiev ov rjKOi, yeXdaavra Be eirl rw
Tov '\vBov BeeL, " Bokcl jjlol^^ ^dvai, " outo?, el koI
KaTeirXevaev e? Xifxeva fxaKpov tl dpa/jieTpr]cra<^
ireXayo';, d^OeaOrjvai dv rfj yfj koI Belaai to ev
op/JLO) elvai.'^ Kal dfia elircov ravra irpoaeTa^e rrj
KaiiTjXw avvt^Tjaai, koI yap Brj koI edds Xoiirov r/v
Tcov TOiovTwv, TTeplcpo^ov Be dpa eiroiei tov r\yepiOva
TO irXricriov twv (to(J>(Jop ijKeiv, IvBol yap BeBiaai
TOVTOV^i fJidXXov rj tov a(j)Ct)v avTcov /SaatXea, otl
Kal (3acnXev<^ avT0<^, v
pa, irepl
TrdvTcov, d Xe/CTea re avTM Kal irpaKTea, epwTa
TovaBe Tov<i dvBpa<;, coairep ol 69 Oeov ire/jLTrovTef;,
ol Be aTj/jLalvovai fiev, 6 tl Xwov avTfp irpdTTeiv,
Tl Be fiT] X&ov, dTrayopevovtJi re Kal dwo-
crr]fjLaivovaL.
248
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
are also said to acquire an understanding of the chap.
language and ideas of animals by feeding either on ^^
the heart or the liver of the dragon.
And as they advanced they thought they heard
the pipe of some shepherd marshalling his flock^ but it
turned out to be a man looking after a herd of white
hinds, for the Indians use these for milking;, and
find their milk very nutritious.
X
From this point their road led for four days chap.
across a rich and well cultivated country, till they ^
approached the castle of the sages, when their guide the^sao^^s.
bade his camel crouch down, and leapt off it in such Terror of
an agony of fear that he was bathed in perspiration. ^ ^"^
Apollonius however quite understood where he was
come to, and smiling at the panic of the Indian, said :
" It seems to me that this fellow, were he a mariner
who had reached harbour after a long sea voyage,
would worry at being on land and tremble at being
in dock." And as he said this he ordered his camel
to kneel down, for indeed he was by now well
accustoined to do so. And it seems that what scared
the guide so much was that he was now close to the
sages ; for the Indians fear these people more than
they do their own king, because the very king to
whom the land is subject consults them about every-
thing that he has to say or do, just as people who
send to an oracle of a god ; and the sages indicate to
him what it is expedient for him to do, and what is
inexpedient, and dissuade and warn him off with
signs.
249
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XI
CAP K^araXvaecv he /jl€\\ovt6<; ev rfj kco/jltj rfj ttXtj-
cnov — aire'Xei he rov 6')(dov rwv ao^oiv ovtto) ard-
hiov — Ihelv (pacrc veaviav hpofirp rjKovra, fieXavraTov
Ii/^wz^ TrdvTcov, vTroanX^etv Be avTco /jl7jvo€lBco<; to
/uiecro(f>pvov. tovtI he dfcovco ')(^p6vot<; varepov Kai
irepl ^].evwva rov Yipoihov rov ao(f)taTov Tp6(f>L/jL0v,
dir AlOiOTTCOv he r)v, ev fxeLpuKiw ho^ai, irpolovro^
he €9 dvhpa<; eKXiwelv rrjv avyrjv ravrrjv Koi crvva-
(f)avicrOrjvaL rfj copa, rov he '^Ivhov ')(pv(TP]v fiev
(f>ep€iv (j^aalv ciyKvpav, fjv vo/jbi^ouaiv 'Ivhol Krjpv-
fcetov iirl T(p Trdvra la-yeiv.
XII
^P- Upoahpa/jLovra he rw ' AttoXXcovlo) <f)covfj 'E\-
Xdhi irpoaetirelv avrov, koI tovto fjuev ovttco
Oavfjiaarov ho^at hid to kol tov<; ev Tjj K(t)/jL7f
7rdvTa<; diro 'FjXXtjvcov (j)0 eyy ecr6ai, to he "6
heiva xcup^ toIs fiev dXXoL<; irapaa'yelv €k-
ttXtj^lv, TO) he dvhpl 6dpao<^ vTrep o)v d(^LKTo,
^Xeyjraf; yap 69 tov Adfiiv, " irapd dvhpa^;, e(f)7],
" cro(f)ov<; dTe)(y(o<; rjKoiiev, eoiKaai yap irpoyiyvoLt-
(TKeivT Kal dfia r^peTO tov ^Ivhov, 6 tl ^pr]
irpaTTeiv, ttoOcov ijhi] ttjv ^vvovaiav, 6 he Ivho^,
250
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
XI
And they were about to halt in the neighbouring chap.
village^ which is hardly distant a single stade from ^^
the eminence occupied by the sages, when they saw messenger
a youth run up to them, the blackest Indian they »* the sages
ever saw ; and between his eyebrows was a crescent-
shaped spot which shone brightly. But I learn that
at a later time the same feature was remarked in the
case of Menon the pupil of Herod the Sophist, who
was an Ethiop ; it showed while he was a youth, but
as he grew up to man's estate its splendour waned
and finally disappeared with his youth. But the
Indian also wore, they say, a golden anchor, which
is affected by Indians as a herald's badge, because it
holds all things fast.
XII
Then he ran up to Apollonius and addressed chap.
him in the Greek tongue ; and so far this did ^^^
not seem so remarkable, because all the inhabi-
tants of the village spoke the Greek tongue. But
when he addressed him by name and said '^ Hail
so and so," the rest of the party were filled
with astonishment, though our sage only felt the
more confidence in his mission : for he looked
to Damis and said : " We have reached men who
are unfeignedly wise, for they seem to have the
gift of foreknowledge." And he at once asked
the Indian what he must do, because he was already
eager for an interview : and the Indian replied :
251
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. " TOVTov<^ /^^Vy^' €(1)7], '* KaraXveiP ^(pr} ivravOa, ae
XII
Be i]K€Lv ft)? e%e^9, KeXeuovac yap avroL'
XIII
CAP. To /jikv Srj avTol HvOoyopecov rfhrj rw WttoWcovlm
i(f)dvr), fcal rjKoXovOet ')(aLp(i)v.
Tw Se 6')(6ov, €(f) ov OL (ro<f)ot dvMKKTfievoc elcriv,
vyjrof; jxev elvai Kara rrjv Kdrjvaioyv (paalv d/cpoTTO-
■ XiVi dvicrracrOaL Be eK TreBlov dvco, evcpvd Be 6/jLOiO)<;
werpav o^vpovv avrov kvkXo) irepLt^Kovo-av, r)<;
'TroX'\a')(ov St-^^Xa opdaOai t'xyrj koX yevecdBcov
TVTTOV^ KoX TrpoacoTTCOv Kai irov Kol vcora IBelv
dTrcoXiaOrjKoaLV bfioia, top yap Aiovvcrov, ore ^vv
'YipaKXel direTreipaTO rod ')((opiov, irpoa^aXelv
jjuev avTO) (f>aai KeXevcraL tou? Tidva^;, &>? tt/oo? tov
aeiafjbov LKavov^, i/jLffpovTr)dei>Ta<i Be avTov<; vtto
TMV ao^MV ireaelv dXXov dXXci)<;, kuI rd^; 7r€Tpa<;
olov ivTVTTMOrjvai rd rrjf; Bia/jLapTia<; o-'^rj/jLara.
irepl Be tm o)(^0(p vecfieXrjv IBelv (j>a(riv, ev fj tov(;
^lvBov<i oLKelv <j>avepovs re koX d(^avel^ Kal 6 n
^ovXovrat. 7rvXa<; Be el fjuev Kal dXXas elvai tw
6')(6(p, ovK elBevaL. to ydp irepl avrov ve(f)o<i ovre
uKXeiajw ^vy^copelv ovt av ^vyKeKXeiajxevw
(j)aivecr6ai.
252
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
" Your party must halt here, but you must come on chap.
just as you are, for the Masters themselves issue this " ^
command."
XIII
The word Masters at once liad a Pythagorean ring chap
for the ears of Apollonius and he gladly followed the "
messenger.
Now the hill the summit of which is inhabited by Situation
the sages is, according to the account of our castle
travellers, of about the same height as the Acropolis
of Athens ; and it rises straight up from the plain,
though its natural position equally secures it from
attack, for the rock surrounds it on all sides. On
many parts of this rock you see traces of cloven feet
and outlines of beards and of faces, and here and
there impressions of backs as of persons who had slipt
and rolled down. For they say that Dionysus, when
he was trying to storm the place together with Her-
cules, ordered the Pans to attack it, thinking that they
would be strong enough to take it by assault ; but they
were thunderstruck by the sages and fell one, one way,
and another, another; and the rocks as it were took the
print of the various postures in which they fell and
failed. And they say that they saw a cloud floating
round the eminence on which the Indians live and ^
render themselves visible or invisible at will.
Whether there were any other gates to the eminence
they say they did not know ; for the cloud around it
did not anywhere allow them to be seen, whether
there was an opening in the rampart, or whether
on the other hand it was a close-shut fortress.
253
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XIV
CAP. Avro<^ Se ava/Sijvai fiev Kara to votiov [xaXicrra
Tov 6')(6ov TO) 'IvSo) e7ro/Ltei/o9, ISelv Be Trpcorov fxev
(ppeap opyvLcov rerrapcov, ov rrjv avyrjv eVt to
uTOjJLLov auaTTefiTTeaOai Kvavdyrdri'jv ovcrav, xal
OTTore rj pbearjix^pia tov tjXlov crTalr] vepl avro,
avLfjbdorOai Tr]v av'yr^v diro Trj<; uktIvo^ koI y^wpelv
dvco 7rap€')(o/jLivr]P elBo^ Oepfirjf; tptSo^. jiaOelv he
vaTepov irepl tov (j)p€aT0<;, &>? aavSapaKLvr) p.ev
et?; r) vir avTW yfj, aTropprjTov 8e to vScop rjyolvTO,
Kai 0VT6 TTLVOL Ti9 avTO 0VT6 dvaaTTCpTj, op/ciov
Se vo/jLL^oito Trj irepi^ IvSiKfj irdarj. TrXrjaioif
Be TovTOV KpaTTjpa elvau 7rvp6<;, ov (j)\6<ya dvairepL-
ireaBai /jloXv^ScoBtj, Kairvov he ovheva dir avTrj<;
UTTeiv, ovhe oafjLrjv ovhe/jblav, ovSe virep-)(y6rjvai
iTOTe /cpaTTjp ovTo<;, dW dvadihoaOai ToaovTO<;,
ft)9 /jir} vTvep^Xvaai tov (BoOpov. iinavda ^\vho\
KaSaipovTat twv dKovaicov, 66ev ol ao(f)ol to fxev
(ppeap iXey^ov KaXovat, to he irvp ^vyyvco/iij^i. koI
htiTO) ecopaKevac (paal ttlOo) XlOov pjeXavo^; o/jL^pcov
re Kol dveficov ovTe. 6 pbev hrj tmv 6p/3p(oiJ, el
av')(^/jLa) 7} 'IvhiKT) Trte^oiTO, dvoi')(6el^ ve<^eXa^
dvairepnrei kol vypalvec ttjv yrjv Trdaav, el he
ojjblBpoL irXeoveKTolev, ta')(^eL avT0v<; ^vyKXeiop^evo'^,
6 he Twv dvefxwv ttlOo'^ tuvtov, olfiat, tw tov
AloXov da Kid TrpdTTei, 7rapavoLyvvvTe<^ yap tov
TTiOov eva TMV dve/jLcov dviaaLv efxirvelv oopa,
254
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
XIV
Apollonius says that he hmiself ascended mostly ^^j^.^'
on the south side of the ridge, following the Indian, rj^^ ^^^^
and that the first thing he saw was a well four of testing
fathoms deep, above the mouth of which there rose a
sheen of deep blue light ; and at midday when the
sun was stationary about it, the sheen of light was
always drawn up on high by the rays, and in its
ascent assumed the look of a glowing rainbow. But
he learnt afterwards that the soil underneath the
well was composed of realgar, but that they regarded
the water as holy and mysterious, and no one either
drank it or drew it up, but it was regarded by the
whole land of India all around as binding in oaths.
And near this there was a crater, he says, of fire,
which sent up a lead-coloured flame, though it
emitted no smoke or any smell, nor did this crater
ever overflow, but emitted just matter enough not to
bubble over the edges of the pit. It is here that
the Indians purify themselves of involuntary sins,
wherefore the sages call the well, the well of testing,
and the fire, the fire of pardon. And they say that The jars of
they saw there two iars of black stone, of the rains wind and
•' " ■' rain
and of the winds respectively. The jar of the rains,
they say, is opened in case the land of India is
suffering from drought, and sends up clouds to
moisten the whole country ; but if the rains should
be in excess they are stopped by the jar being shut
up. But the jar of the winds plays, I imagine, the
same role as the bag of Aeolus : for when they open
this jar ever so little, they let out one of the winds,
which creates a seasonable breeze by which the
255
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. KavrevOev rj yrj eppwrat. Oecov Se aydX/xaaLV
ivTV)(6Lv (paaiv, el fiev 'Ii/8ofc? i) Aiyv7rTLoo<;,
Oavfjua ovhev, ra Be ye apxat'Orara rayv Trap'
' FiWrjcri, TO re t>}9 ' K6r)va<^ Trj<; Tiokiciho^ Koi ro
Tov AttoWmvo^; tov ArjXiov kol to tov Atovvaov
Tov Atfxvaiov fcal to tov AfiVKXaiov, kol oiroaa
a)Se dp^ala, TavTa IhpveaOai Te tov<^ IvSov^
TOVTOVs Kal vojii^eiv ^^Wijvcfcol^i rjOecn, <paal 3
olfcelv TCL fxecra Trj<; 'IvSiKrjf;. Kal tov 6')(^dov OfJic^a-
\0V TTOiOVVTai TOV X6(f)0V TOVTOV, TTVp Te ilT aVTOV
opyid^ovacv, 6 (f)acnv e/c tmv tov tjXlov aKTivcov
avTol eXKetv tovtw /cat tov v/jLvov rjfjuepav airaaav
€9 /jiearjfx/SpLav ahovatv.
XV
CAP 'OttoIol /jLev St] Kal ol dv8p€<; Kal otto)? oIkovvtc'^
TOV 6')(6ov, auTO? 6 dv7]p hieiaiv ev yaa yap tmv
7r/309 AlyvTTTLOVf; ojJLiXLMV, " elSov' (prjaiv, " lvSov<i
^pa^jjidva^ oLKOvvTa^; eVl T779 7^9 Kal ovk iir
avT7]<^, Kal aTei^/(TTft)9 TeTeix^a/JLevovf;, Kal ovSev
K€KTr)/jLevov<; rj ra irdvTcov. TavTl Se €K€lvo<; /xev
(70(f)Oi)Tepov eypayfrev, 6 Se ye Ad/jLL<; (f>7](Tl '^afievvia
/JLev avToix; '^prjcrdaL, ttjv yr)v Se vTToaTpcovvvvaL
7roa9, a9 dv avTol alpcovTai, Kai /jieTecopOTropovvTa*^
Srj ihetv diro ti)<; yi)^ 69 infj'^ei'; hvo, ov Oav/xaTo-
7roua<; evcKa, to yap ^CKoTLfiov tovto irapaLTelaOaL
256
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
country is refreshed. And they say that they came chap.
upon statues of Gods, and they were not nearly so -^^^
much astonished at finding Indian or Egyptian Gods as stauie.? of
they were by finding the most ancient of the Greek the Gods
Gods, a statue of Athene PoHas and of Apollo of by th« sages
Delos and of Dionysus of Limnae and another of him
of Amyclae, and others of similar age. These were
set up by these Indians and worshipped with Greek
rites. And they say that they are met with in the heart
of India. Now they regard the summit of this hill as
the navel of the earth, and on it they worship fire vriih
mysterious rites, deriving the fire, according to tlieir
own account, from the rays of the sun ; and to the
Sun they sing a h\Tnn every day at midday.
XV
Apollonius himself describes the character of these chap.
sages and of their settlement upon the hill ; for in
one of his addresses to the Egyptians he says, of the
" I saw Indian Brahmans living upon the earth ^^^^s
and yet not on it, and fortified without fortific-
ations, and possessing nothing, yet having the
riches of all men." He may indeed be thought
to have here written with too much subtlety ;
but we have anyhow the account of Damis to
the effect that they made a practice of sleeping
on the ground, and that they strewed the ground
with such grass as they might themselves prefer ;
and, what is more, he says that he saw them
levitating themselves two cubits high from the
ground, not for the sake of miraculous display,
for they disdain any such ambition ; but thev
257
VOL. I. S
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. T0U9 avhpa^, aXX! oTroaa rco 'HXtco Pwairo-
^alvovTe^ rr}? 77)9 Bpcocnv, ft)9 irpoaipopa tw Oew
irpcLTTOVTa^. TO TOi ttO/?, avro Tr)9 olktIvo^
iTTtcTTrayvTat, fcairoL crcofiaToeLSef; 6v, ovre eiri ^cofMov
KaieLV at'TOL'9 ovre iv lirvol^ (^vXaTTecv, aXX!
Mairep Ta.9 avyd<;, at i^ rjXiov re dvaKXcjvraL koX
vharo^, ovrco /jberecopov re opdaOai avro koX
aakevov iv tw aWepi. top fiev ovv hr^^'lAXiov virep
T(x)v o)p(t)V, a9 iiTLTpoTreveL avTo<;, Iv 69 Kaipov rfj
yy LcoaL /cat rj IvSlkt) ev Trpdrrrj, vvfcrcop Be
XcTrapovaL rrjv d/crtva fXTj a')(6€<j0aL rrj vvktl,
fJL6V€LV Se, fo)9 VTT aVTWV ^%^^. TOLOVTOV flCV BtJ
Tov W.iroWcoviov to
iv rfj yfj re elvat toi'9
^pa'^fidva'^ Kol ov/c iv rfj yfj. to Se " dT€L^iaT(0<;
TeTety^iG fjuevov^ hrfKol tov depa, vcf) w ^ooaiv,
viraWpiOL yap Bokovvt€<=; avXl^eaOac dKidv t€
virepaipovaiv avTMV, /cat vovto<; ov -y^sKd^ovTai, kuI
vTTo TU) rjXla) elaiv, iireiBdv avTol ^ovXcovtul. to
Be " /jL7]Bev fcefCTtj/jLevovi tu TrdvTcov e^eiv
o)Be 6
Adfii^; i^TjyelTar iTTjyal, oiroaaL toU ^dK^oi^;
irapd TTj^i Y/79 dvaOpcoa/covaiv, iireLBdv 6 Aiovvao^;
avTom T€ /cat TTjV yr}v (jeiarj, (potTcoac koI toIs
^IvBoi<; TovTOL^i e(TTL(x)fJbevoL<^ T€ /cat eaTicocriv'
sIkotw^ ovv 6 ' AttoXXcovw^; tov<; pbrjBev fiev i/c
'jrapaaKev7]<;, avToar^eBlco^; Be, a ^ovXovTai, iropi^o-
pAvov^, ^'x^^^j <^77crtV, d fir] e^ovaiv. Kop,dv Be
258
I
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
regard any rites they perform, in thus quitting earth chap.
and walking with the Sun, as acts of homage
acceptable to the God. Moreover, they neither burn Their
upon an altar nor keep in stoves the fire which ^J^iSt*^
they extract from the sun's rays, although it is a
material fire ; but like the rays of sunlight when they
are refracted in water, so this fire is seen raised aloft
in the air and dancing in the ether. And further
they pray to the Sun who governs the seasons
by his might, that the latter may succeed duly in
the land, so that India may prosper ; but of a night
they intreat the ray of light not to take the night
amiss, but to stay with them just as they have
brought it down. Such then was the meaning of
the phrase of ApoUonius, that "the Brahmans are
upon earth and yet not upon earth. " And his
phrase " fortified without fortifications or walls,"
refers to the air or vapour under which they bivouac,
for though they seem to live in the open air, yet
they raise up a shadow and veil themselves in it^ so
that they are not made wet when it rains and
they enjoy the sunlight whenever they choose.
And the phrase " without possessing anything
they had the riches of all men," is thus explained by
Damis : All the springs which tlie Bacchanals see Their water
leaping up froni the ground under their feet, '^p"'^^*
whenever Dionysus stirs them and earth in a
common convulsion, spring up in plenty for these
Indians also when they are entertaining or being
entertained. ApoUonius therefore was right in
saying that people provided as they are with all
they want offhand and without having prepared
anything, possess what they do not possess. And aud
on principle they grow their hair long, as the '^'^^*"™®
259
s 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. eTnrrjSevovatv, wairep AaKehatfioviOL irakai kol
SovpcoL Tapavrlvoi re koI IS/lrfKiOL Koi 67r6(TOL<; to,
Aa/ccovLKOL Tjv iv X6y(p, fiirpav re avaSovvrat
XevKijv, /cat yvfxvbv avTol<; jSaSia/ia /cal rrjv ia-
drjTa ea^Tj/jLarl^ovTO 7rapa7rXr](iico(; tol^ i^co/jLiatv.
7] he vXt] rrj<; iaOrJTO^; epiov avTO(j)V€<; y 7?) cpvei,
Xev/cov fiev coairep to TlapL^vKoiv, /jLaXaKcorepov 8e
TLKTSi, r) Se iTLpLekr] ola eXaiov air avrov Xei^erac.
TOVTO lepav iaOrjTa TroLovvrac koI el Ti? erepof;
irapa tou? 'Iz^Soi)? tovtov^; avaonrayr] avro, ov
/jLedieraL r) yr) rod epiov. ri]v Be lo"^vv rod
haKTvkiov fcal t?}? pd/38ov, a (f)op€cv avrov^; aficpo),
hvvaaOat fxev Trdvra, Svco Se dppijTco rer i/jLTjadai.
XVI
CAP Wpoaiovra Se tov ^AttoWcovlov 01 uev aWoi
cro(f)ol TTpoa7]<yovTO, daTra^ofievoc Tat9 x^pcrlv, 6 oe
'ldp)(a(; iKddrjTO fiev eirl 8i(ppov v\jn]\ov — ')(^a\/cov
8e /jLeXavo<!i rjv koL TreTrol/ccXro '^pvGols dydXpLaaiv,
01 8e T(t)V dXXcov Sl(f)pot '^aXKol puev, darj/jioc 8e
r]crav, vyjryXol Se tjttov, vTreKdOrjvTO yap tw Idp'^a
— TOV Se WttoXXcoviov cScov (pcovfj re rjaTraaaTo
'^XXdSi Kal rd tov ^IvSov ypd/xpcaTa diryTei.
davp^daavTO^ Se tov 'AttoXXcovlov ttjv tt poyvwcr lv
Kal ypdjifjia ye ev 6(^17 Xelireiv ttj eTTio-ToXfj, SeXTa
elircov, TraprjXOe yap avTOV ypd(f)OVTa- Kai ecpavr]
260
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
Lacedaemonians did of old and the people of chap,
Thurium and Tarentum^ as well as the Melians and ^^
all who set store by the fashions of Sparta ; and they
bind a white turban on their heads^ and their feet are
naked for walking, and they cut their garments
to resemble the exomisy But the material of which
they make their raiment is a wool that springs
wild from the ground, white like that of the
Pamphylians, though it is of softer growth, and a
grease like olive oil distils from off it. This is what
they make their sacred vesture of, and if anyone
else except these Indians tries to pluck it up, the
earth refuses to surrender its wool. And they all
carry both a ring and a staff of which the peculiar
virtues can effect all things, and the one and the
other, so we learn, are prized as secrets.
XVI
When Apollonius approached, the rest of the chap.
sages welcomed him and shook hands ; but larchas
sat down on a high stool— and this was of black fir^t
copper and chased with golden figures, while the ^"^ii^nce
seats of the others were of copper, but plain and not
so high, for they sat lower down than larchas — and
when he saw Apollonius, larchas greeted him in the
Greek tongue and asked for the Indian's letter.
And as Apollonius showed astonishment at his
gift of prescience, he took pains to add that a single
letter was missing in the epistle, namely a delta,
which had escaped the writer ; and this was found
^ An overmantle leaving one arm and shoulder bare.
Buddhist monks still wear a similar garment. The so-called
wool was asbestos.
261
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
.CAP. TOVTO c58e exov. avayvov^; Be rrjv iTncrroXrjv,
" 7rw9," e^Tj, *' ft) 'AiroWcovte, irepl rjficjv ^poi^etTe;"
- TTft)?," elirev, " ^ &)? BrjXol to vfXMv eveKa YjKeiv /xe
oBov, rjv firjTro) Ti9 twv 66ev irep iyco avOpd^TTWv ; '
" Tt 8e r}/jLd<; irXeov olei aavTov yiyvcoaKeiv ; "
- eyoi fievT elire, " <TO(f)coT€pd re rjyovjJLai, ra vfie-
repa Ka\ iroWQ) detorepa. el Be /jLrjBev irXeov mv
olBa Trap' v/jllv evpoLfjn, iJbefJiaOr]Ka)<i av etrjv koX to
jxr^KeT e^^iv 6 tl fidOot/jLi. vTroXa^oov ovv o
^lvB6<;, " ol fiev aWoi" 6</>^7, " tov<^ d(f>iKvovfJLevov^
epcoTMcri, TTOTarroi tc rjKOvai Kai ecf) 6 tc, rjfuv
Be ao(f>ia<; eTnBei^iv irpwTTjv 6^et to //-^ dyvorjaac
Tov ijKovTa. eXeyx^ Be TrpcoTov tovto." koI
eiTTcbv TavTa TraTpoOev re BiT^ei tov AttoXXcovlov
fcal fjL7]Tp66ev, KoX TO, ev Klyal^ iravTa, koI ox?
iTpocrrjXdev avTW 6 Aafxt^;, Kal, el Brj tl eairovBacrav
6Boo7ropovvTe<; rj airovBd^ovTO's eTepov elBov, irdvTa
TavO^ Mcnrep fcotvcovijcraf; aurots" t% diroBrj/jLia^; 6
- lySo9 diTvevcTTi re koX (Ta(j)(t)<; eipev. eKirXayevTO's
Be TOV ^AttoXXcovlov /cal oiroOev elBelr], eirepopbevov,
koI av fieTOXo^J^ e^^, "t?}9 (rocf^ia^ TavTr]^ rjKeL<^,
aXX' ovTTCo Trdcrrjf;
" BLBd^rj ovv fie, ecfyrj, *' ttjv
aocpLav irdaav;^^ '* koX d^66v(ti<; ye,' elire,
tovtI
yap (TocfxoTepov tov ^aa/calveiv Te koX fcpviTTeiv ra
aTTovBrj^; d^ia, koX aXXft)9, AiroXXcovte, fxeaTov ere
262
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
to be the case. Then having read the epistle, he chap
said: "What do you think of us, O Apollonius ? " ^^^
"Why/' replied the latter, "how can you ask,
when it is sufficiently shown by the fact that I
have taken a journey to see you which was never
till now accomplished by any of the inhabitants
of my country." " And what do you think we
know more than yourself? " " I," replied the
other, " consider that your lore is profounder and
much more divine than our ovm ; and if I add
nothing to my present stock of knowledge Avhile I
am with you, I shall at least have learned that I
have nothing more to learn." Thereupon the Indian Prescience
replied and said : " Other people ask those who Brahmans
arrive among them, who they are that come, and
why, but the first display we make of our wisdom
consists in showing that we are not ignorant who it
is that comes. And you may test this point to begin
with." And to suit his word he forthwith recounted
the whole story of Apollonius' family both on his
father's and his mother's side, and he related all his
life in Aegae, and how Damis had joined him, and
any conversations that they had had on the road, and
anj-thing they had found out through the conversa-
tion of others with them. All this, just as if he had
shared their voyage with them, the Indian recounted
straight off, quite clearly and without pausing for
breath. And when Apollonius was astounded and
asked him how he came to know it all, he replied :
" And you too are come to share in this wisdom, but '
you are not yet an adept." " Will you teach me, then,"
said the other, "all this wisdom?" "Aye, and gladly,
for that is a wiser course than grudging and hiding
matters of interest ; and moreover, O Apollonius, I
263
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. opct) T^9 /jLvr]/jLoavvri<;, y)v rjfiel^; fjudXiara Oewv
a^aiTWfievr " r) yap Ka6e(i)paKa<iy^ elirev, " oVo)?
7r€(f)VKar " r)fjb€l<;" e^r],
O) ^AiroXXcovie, iravTa
opMjxev ra tt)? '^i^X^}? ecBr), ^v/jl/BoXol^; avra /jLvpiOL<;
i^c^vevovref;. aW eTrel ^earifx^pia TrXrjaiov koI
TO, 7rp6o-(f)opa Tot9 0€OL<; y^pr] 7rapaaK€vdcrat, vvv
fjuev ravT efCTrovcofiev, fierd ravra Be, oiroaa
povXeL, Sca\€<ya)/jL€6a, iraparvyx^ave Be irao-i rot?
Bpcdfievoi^r
VT) At , eiirev, ** dBLKOir^v av rbv
Kavfcaaov koI tov ^IvBov, ov<; virepfidf; Bi L'/xa?
7]fC(o, el fXT] TrdvTCOv e/jb<f)opoLfir)v (bv Bpwrjre.^^
" 'E/i^o/soO/' ecf)!], " KoX t(o/jLev.^^
XVII
CAP. ^KX06vT€<; ovv eirl 7rr}<y7]v rcva vBaro^;, r^v (f>r]crLV
6 Aa/>tfc9 IBcov v(TT€pov eoiKevai rfj ev Bo^wrot?
AtpKr}, TTpMTa fxev eyvf^VGoOrjaav, elra e')(^piaavTO
Ta9 /ce<pa\a(; rjXeKTpcoBec <j>apiJbdK(p, to Be ovrco
TV TOV<; ^IvBov<; eOaXirev, a)? drfii^eiv to croyfia
KoX TOV iBpcoTa ')(03pelv dcTTaKTi, KaOdirep tmv
TTvpl XovojJievwv, elTa epptyjrav €avTov<; eV to
vBcop, KoX XovadfJievoi ojBe irpo^ to lepov i^dBi^ov,
eaTe(f)avcofjLevoL koL fxeaTol tov vp,vov. irept-
aTdvT€<; Be ev yopov o-)(rjiJbaTi koX Kopvcf)aiov
TTotrjadfjievoi tov ^Idp'^av opOal^ Tal^i pd/SBo^;
T7JV yrjv €7r\7]^av, rj Be KvpTwOelcra BIktjv kv/mito^;
264
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
perceive that you are well endowed with memory, a chap.
goddess whom we love more than any other of the ^^^
divine beings." '^ Well/' said the other, "you have
certainly discerned by your penetration my exact
disposition." '^^ We/' said the other, "O Apollonius,
can see all spiritual traits, for we trace and detect
them by a thousand signs. But as it is nearly mid-
day, and we must get ready our offerings for the
Gods, let us now employ ourselves with that, and
afterwards let us converse as much as you like ; but
you must take part in all our religious rites." " By
Zeus," said Apollonius, " I should be wronging the
Caucasus and the Indus, both of which I have
crossed in order to reach you, if I did not enjoy
your rites to the full." " Do so," said the other,
" and let us depart."
XVII
Accordingly they betook themselves to a spring chap.
of water, which Damis, who saw it subsequently, says
resembles that of Dirce in Boeotia ; and first they hathe^^^^
stripped, and then they anointed their heads with an
amber-like drug, which imparted such a warmth to
these Indians, that their bodies steamed and the
sweat ran off them as profusely as if they were
washing themselves with fire ; next they threw
themselves into the water and, having so taken their
bath, they betook themselves to the temple with
wreaths upon their heads and full of sacred song. Their
And they stood round in the forati of a chorus, and "^^^ ^^
having chosen larchas as conductor they struck the levitation
earth, uplifting their rods, and the earth arched itself
265
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. aveirefi-^ev avTov<; e? BiTrrj'y^v tov aepo^. oi Se
'pSov (phrjv, OTTolos 6 rrraiav 6 tov 2o<^o/cX60f9,
ov A67Jv7]aL TO) A.a kXtjit L(p ahovaLV. iirel Se e?
Tr]v yfjv Karrjpav, KaXeaa<; 6 ^ldp^a<; to /jtecpaKLov
TO Tr]V ayKVpav (f)€pov, " €7n/jL€\7]6rjTi,^' ^4^V> " "^^^
A7roWo)VLOv eTalpcov.
6 Be 7roXka> Oclttov rj ol
Tayel<i; tmv opvlOoov TropevOelf; re kuI iiraveXdcov,
" e7TiiJLefieKr]fjLai e(f>r]. OepaiTevaavTe<; ovv to,
TToXXa T(ov lepMV aveiravovTO iv rot? OdfcoL^;, 6 Be
^ldp)(a^ TTpb^ TO /leLpaKiov, " eKcpepe,
elire, " tw
ao(f)a) AttoWcovlo) tov ^pacoTOv dpovov, Xv eV
avTov BtaXeyoiTo.^^
XVIII
^y[^\ '^9 Be eKaOiaev, ** epcora," e(pr), " o ti ^ovXei,
Trap avBpa<; yap y/c€i<; TrdvTa elBoTa^;^ r^peTO ovv
6 ^AttoXXcovio^;, el Kal avToi/^ taaatv, oto/xez^o?
avTov, cjcTTrep "^iXXrjve^;, ')(aXeTrov riyelaQai to
eavTov yvodvai, 6 Be iTncrTpeyjraf; irapd ttjv tov
WttoXXcovlov Bo^av, " rj/jLelf;,^^ ^<t>V> " TrdvTa yiyvoa-
(TKOfiev, eTreiBrj TrpcoTOV^; eafTOU? jiyvayaKOfiev, ov
yap av irpoaeXOoL t^9 rjfxojv ttj cfyiXoaocfiia TavTrj
/jlt} irpcoTOv elBcof; eavTOV. ' 6 Be - ATToXXayviOf;
dvafxvricrOei^ mv tov ^pacoTOV i'jKovcre, Kat ottci)? o
(f)iXoao(f)7]aetv /jbiXXcov eavTov l3aaavL<Ta<; eTri'^eipei,
T0VT(p ^vve')((ji)priae tm Xoyco, tovtI yap Kal irept
eavTov eireireicrTo. irdXiv ovv rjpeTo, Tiva<; avTOV^
266
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
like a billow of the sea and raised them up two cubits chap.
high into the air. But they sang a song resembling ^^^^
the paean of Sophocles which they sing at Athens in
honour of Asclepius. But when they had alighted
upon the ground, larchas called the stripling who
carried the anchor and said : '^ Do you look after the
companions of ApoUonius." And he went off swifter
than the quickest of the birds, and coming back
again said : " I have looked after them." Having
fulfilled then the most of their religious rites, they
sat down to rest upon their seats, but larchas said to
the stripling : " Bring out the throne of Phraotes for
the wise ApoUonius that he may sit U}K)n it to
converse with us."
XVIII
And when he had taken his seat, he said : " Ask chap.
X V T I T
whatever you like, for you find yourself among people
who know everything." Apollonius then asked him discuss seif-
whether they knew themselves also, thinking that ^no^ie<i&e
he, like the Greeks, would regard self-knowledge as
a difficult matter. But the other, contrary to
ApoUonius' expectations, corrected him and said :
" We know ever\i:hing, just because we begin
by knowing ourselves ; for no one of us would be
admitted to this philosophy unless he first knew
himself." And Apollonius remembered what he had
heard Phraotes say, and how he who would become
a philosopher must examine himself before he under-
takes the task ; and he therefore acquiesced in this
answer, for he was convinced of its truth in his own
case also. He accordingly asked a fresh question,
267
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. YjyolvTO, 6 Be/' 0€ov<;," eliTev, iwepo/jLevov Be avTov,
Oia TV, on, €(pr), ayauoi ea/iev avupcoTroi.
TOVTO TO) AttoWcovkp ToaavT'Tj'^ eBo^ev evirai-
Bevaia^ elvai fxearov, ft)9 elirelv avTo koI 7rpo<;
Aofjueriavov vcrrepov ev toI<; virep eavrov Xoyot^;.
XIX
CAP. ^AvaXa^cov ovv rrjv epcorrjaLV, " rrepl -v/ri; ^^9 8e,"
eiire, tto)^ (ppovetre; w? ye, eiire, iivuayopa^
/jb€v v/jlIv, /;/A€t9 Be KlyvTrrioi^; 7rapeBo)Ka/jLev.^^
" et7roL<^ av ovv," ecjirj, " KaOairep 6 HvOayopa^;
¥jV(j)opfiov eavTov a7re(f)7)vev, on koI av, Trplv e?
rovO' TjiceLV to awfxa, Tpcocov Ti9 rj 'A^aiwi^ rjcrOa
Tj beiva ; be ivbo^;, ipoia fiev ciTrcoXero,
elirev, " vtto tcov TrXevaavTcav 'A')(^aLa)v rore, vfid^
Be aiTo\w\eKa(TLv ol eV avrfj \6yoi' fiovovs yap
dvBpa<; rjyovfievoi tov<; e? Tpolav arparevo-avTa^;,
d/jLeXelre TrXeiovcov re koX Oeiorepayv dvBpcov, oi)? 7;
re vfierepa yrj koI r] AlyvTrTLCov koX 7) ^IvBcov
YjveyKev, eirel tolvvv ijpov fie irepl rov irporepov
ado/xaro^, elire fioL, nva Oavfiacnayrepov 77777 twv
eirt Ipouav re Kat vTrep Ipotaf; eXUovToyv ; eyco,
ecjiTj, "'Ai^iXXea rbv YlrjXecLx; re koX ®eTiBo<;,
0UT09 yap Br] /cdXXtaro^; re elvai rw 'Ofirjpo)
v/jbvrjrai Ka\ Trapd Trdvra'!; 701)9 'A;)(;aiOL'9 /JLeya<;,
268
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
namely, who they considered themselves to be ; and chap.
the other answered "We consider ourselves to be ^^^'^
Gods." Apollonius asked afresh : "'Why }" ^' Because/'
said the other, " we are good men." This reply
struck Apollonius as so instinct with trained good
sense, that he subsequently mentioned it to Domitian
in his defence of himself.
XIX
He therefore resumed his questions and said : chap.
"And what view do you take of the soul ? " "That," /^^^
replied the other, " which Pythagoras imparted to migraTion
you, and which we imparted to the Egyptians." ofs""is
" Would you then say," said Apollonius, " that, as
Pj'thagoras declared himself to be Euphorbus,
so you yourself, before you entered your present
body, were one of the Trojans or Achaeans or
someone else ? " And the Indian replied : " Those
Achaean sailors were the ruin of Troy, and your
talking so much about it is the ruin of you* Greeks.
For you imagine that the campaigners against Troy
were the only heroes that ever were, and you forget
other heroes both more numerous and more divine,
whom your own country and that of the Egyptians
and that of the Indians have produced. Since then
you have asked me about my earlier incarnation, tell
me, whom you regard as the most remarkable of the
assailants or defenders of Troy." "I," replied
Apollonius, " regard Achilles, the son of Peleus and
Thetis, as such^ for he and no other is celebrated by
Homer as excelling all the Achaeans in personal
269
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ep'ya re avrov fieyaka olSe. koX /jieydXcov a^ioi
T0i»9 ALavrd<; re koX l!^i,pea<;, oc fier iefclvov KoXoi
re avTw fcal yevvaloi aSovrai. " Trpo? tovtovT
e^7), " ^AiroWcovte, /cat rov irpoyovov Oecopei rov
ifiov, fidWov Be rb irpoyovov aoyfia, rovrl yap koX
Tlvdayopa^i l^^vcpop^op ijyecTO.
XX
CAP.
^Hv TOLvvv" €(p7), ')(^p6vo^, OT At^t07r€9 p^ev
(pKovv ivravOa, y€vo<; 'IvBckov, AWiOTTta 3' ovirw
rjv, dXX! vTrep M^eporjv re kol K^araBovTrov; Mpiaro
AiyvTrro*;, avrrj koX Td<; irr^yd'^ rov ^eiXov
TrapexPP^'^V ^^^ toI'^; iKJBoXal^i ^vvaTroXrjyovaa.
ov pev Br] y^povov wkovv ivravOa ol AlOloTre^i
viroKeip^voi /SaatXel Tar/yr), rj re yrj avrov^;
LK.avoi's €<f)ep/3e koI ol Oeol crcpcov eirep^eXovvro, eirel
Be drreKreLvav rov ^aaiXea rovrov, ovre rot?
aXXot<; ^IvBol's fcaOapol eBo^av, ovre t) yi)
^vve'^wpei avrol<; taracrdai, rrjv re yap arropdv,
f)v 69 avrr)V erroLOvvro, irplv 69 KoXvKa r\KeLVy
€(l)Oeipe, rov<; re rcjv yvvatKCjp roKov^ dreXel<^
erroieL, Ka\ rd(; dyeXa<; rrovrjpo)^ e/SoaKe, rroXiv
re OTTOL fidXoivro, vrreBlBov i) yvj Kal v7re')(copeL
Kdro). Kal ydp n koI (j)dapa rov Tdyyov
rrpolovra^ avrov^; rjXavvev evraparrop,evov r(p
opiXcp, ov TTporepov dvrjKe, rrpiv ye Bj] rov<;
avOevra^ Kal rov<; rb alpa %6/3crf, 7rpd^avra<i rrj
270
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
beauty and size, and he knows of mighty deeds of chap.
his. And he also rates very highly such men as ^^^
Ajax and Nireus, who were only second to him in
beauty and courage, and are celebrated as such in his
poems." " With him/' said the other, "■ O Apollonius,
I would have you compare my own ancestor, or
rather my ancestral body, for that was the light in
which Pythagoras regarded Euphorbus.
XX
"There was then," he said, "a. time when the chap.
Ethiopians, an Indian race, dwelt in this country, and ^^
when Ethiopia as yet was not : but Egypt stretched Jxpu?fiolr
its border beyond Meroe and the cataracts, and of the
on the one side included in itself the fountains of from°india
the Nile, and on the other was only bounded by the
mouths of the river. Well, at that time of which I
speak, the Ethiopians lived here, and were subject
to King Ganges, and the land was sufficient for their
sustenance, and the gods watched over them ; but
when they slew this king, neither did the rest of the
Indians regard them as pure, nor did the land
permit them to remain upon it ; for it spoiled the
seed which they sowed in it before it came into ear,
and it inflicted miscarriages on their women, and it
gave a miserable feed to their flocks ; and wherever
they tried to found a city, it would give way and
sink down under their feet. Nay more, the ghost
of Ganges drove them forward on their path and
struck terror into their multitude, and it did not
quit them until they atoned to earth by sacrificing
271
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. tyfi KaOiepevaav. rjv he dpa 6 Tdyyr)<; ovto<;
8eKd7r7j')^v<; fiev to fir^Ko^, ttjv Se oypav olo<^ ovirco
T^9 dvOpcoTTcop, TTorafJiOv 8e Vd<y<yov 7ral<;' top Be
irarepa rov eavrov rrjv 'IvStKrjv eTTCKXv^ovra
avTO's 6? TTjv 'KpvOpdv erpe-y^re, /cal BufSXa^ev
avTOV rfj yrj, odev r\ yrj ^covri /xev acpOova e<f)epev,
aTroOavovTL he erc/jLoopec. eirel he rbv 'A^iXKea
yj[jLT)po<; ayei fxev virep tjXev7](; 69 Ipouav, (prjai, oe
avTov hcohefca fjuev TroXei,^ e/c OaXdrrrji; ypr^Kevai,
Tre^fj he evheKa, yvval/cd re vtto tov ^aai\eco<=;
dcpatpeOevra e? fJLrjVLv aTrevex^V^ca, ore hrj drepd-
fjLova /cal dtpLov ho^ai, a/ceyjroofMeOa rov Ivhbv 7rpos
ravra' iroXecov fjuev tolvvv e^rjKOVTa olKtaTr)<;
eyeveTO, aiirep elal hoKi/jbcoraroi t6)v rfjhe — to he
iTopOelv TToXec^ oVrt? ev/cXeearepov 7)yelTat tov
dvoL/ci^eiv ttoXlv ovk eaTi — ^KvOa^ he Tov<i vTrep
l^avfcaaov iroTe aTparevaavTa^ eirl T7]vhe ttjv yrjv
direoidaTO. to he eXevOepovvTa Tr)v eavTOV yr^v
avhpa dyaOov (^aiveaOai iroXXcp jBeXTiov tov
hovXeiav eTrdyeiv iroXei, koI Tav6^ virep yvvai/co<;,
TjV €Iko<; fJLrjhe ciKovaav rjpTrdaOai. ^Vfipa'^ia^ he
avTw yevo/jLevT)^ tt/^o? tov dp')(^ovTa rf;? ')(^oopa<;, f)^
vvv ^paa)T7j(; ap-)(€L, KdKeirov irapavofKOTaTd Te
/cal daeXyecrraTa yvval/ca dipeXo/Juevov avTov, ov \
irapeXvae tov<; op/cov^, ovtco ^e^alco^ op.wp,OKevaL
(f)r)o-a<i, ft)9 firjhe ottotc yhtKecTO Xvirelv avTov.
272
I
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
the murderers who had shed the king's blood with chap.
their hands. Now this Ganges it seems, was ten ^ "'
cubits high, and in personal beauty excelled any Ganges
man the world had yet seen, and he was the son of
the river Ganges ; and when his own father
inundated India, he himself turned the flood into the
Red Sea, and effected a reconciliation between his
father and the land, with the result that the latter
brought forth fruits in abundance for him when
living, and also avenged him after death. And since
Homer brings Achilles to Troy in Helen's behalf,
and relates how he took twelve cities by sea and
eleven on land, and how he was carried away by wrath
because he had been robbed of a woman by the king,
on which occasion, in my opinion, he shewed him-
self merciless and cruel, let us contrast the Indian in
similar circumstances. He on the contrary set himself
to found sixty cities, which are the most considerable
of those hereabouts — and I would like to know who
would regard the destruction of cities as a better
title to fame than the rebuilding of them — and he
also repulsed the Scythians who once invaded this
land across the Caucasus. Surely it is better to
prove yourself a good man by liberating your country
than to bring slavery upon a city, and that too in
behalf of a woman who probably was never carried
oif even against her will. And as he had formed an
alliance with the king of the country, over which
Phraotes now rules, although that other had violated
every law and principle of morality by carrying off
his wife, he yet did not break his oath, and so stable,
he said, was his pledged word, that, in spite of the
injury he had suffered, he would not do anything to
harm that other.
273
VOL. I. T
FLAVIUS PHII-OSTRATUS
XXI
^^- ' Kal TrXela) Scyecv av rod dvSpo^;, el /jltj eV eirat-
vov WKVOVv eavTOv Kadiaraa-dai, elfu yap aoc
iicelvo'^, Tovrl Se eSrjXcocra <y€yovco<; err) rerrapa'
eTTTCL yap irore ahafiavriva rov Tdyyov tovtov
^L(f)'y) €9 yyjv irrj^avro^, virep tov firjBev SelfMa
e/jLTreXd^eiv rfj yoipa, Kal roiv Oeoiiv Oveip fiev
KeXevovTwv rjK0VTa<^, ov ireinnye ravra, to Be
'^(opLOV ovK e^yovfjLevcov, ev o5 eTreTrrjyei, 7rai<; iyo)
Ko/jLLBfj Tvy^dvcov Tjyayov to 1^9 e^r]yr]Ta<; iirl rdcf)-
pov Kal opvrreLv irpocrera^a, exel (f)rj(Ta<; /cara-
reOelcrOac avrd.
XXII
CAP. " Kal fMrjiroi OavfjLdcrr)^ rovfiov, el e^ ^IvSov
69 ivCov oteooarjv' ovro^ y^P> oeL^a<; n /xei-
pdKLov eiKoai ttov yeyovb<; errj, " irecfyvKe fxev
irpo^ (f)L\oao(f)Lap virep 7rdvTa<; dvOpaiirovs, eppco-
rai Se, (t)9 opa<;, Kal KareaKevaarau yevvai(D<; to
aoifia, KapTepel he irvp Kal TOfJurjv irda-avy Kal
TOLocrhe cov d'rre')(6dveTai tjj (f)L\oao(f)La" " rt
ovVy^ elirev, " 03 ^Idp'^a, to fieLpaKcov 7rdOo<i ; Sec-
vov yap Xeyec<;, el ^vvTeTay/ievo<; ovtccx; vtto Ti)9
(pvaeco^; fir] daTrd^eTat ttjv (f)i\oao(f)iav, fiTjEe epa
tov pavOdvetv, Kal TavTa v/jLlv ^vvcov.' " ov ^vv-
ecTTLvT eXirev, " aXX' Mairep ol \eovTe<;, aKcov
274
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
XXI
" And I could eiiuiner'ate many more merits of this '^^y j *
great man, if I did not shrink from pronouncing a ^^^^ ^^
panegyric upon myself ; for I may tell you I am the reincar-
person in question, as I clearly proved when I was pirlotrs
four years old. For this Ganges on one occasion
fixed seven swords made of adamant in the earth, to
prevent any monster approaching our country ; now
the gods ordered us to go and offer a sacrifice where
he had implanted these " weapons, though without
indicating the spot where he had fixed them. I
was a mere child, and yet I led the interpreters of
their will to a trench, and told them to dig there,
for it was there 1 said that they had been laid.
XXII
" And you must not be surprised at my transforma- chap.
tion from one Indian to another ; for here is one,"
and he pointed to a stripling of about twenty years nation of
of age, " who in natural aptitude for philosophy Paiamedes
excels everyone, and he enjoys good health as you
see, and is furnished with an excellent constitution ;
moreover he can endure fire and all sorts of cutting
and wounding, yet in spite of all these advantages
he detests philosophy." " What then," said Apol-
lonius, " O larchas, is the matter with the youth ?
For it is a terrible thing you tell me, if one so well
adapted by nature to the pursuit refuses to embrace
philosophy, and has no love for learning, and that
although he lives with you." " He does not live
275
T 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. etXtjiTTat, KoX KadelpKTat /xev, vTro^Xewei Be rfficop
TiuaaevovT(ov avrov Kat KaTayjrcovrcov. jeyove
fjbev ovv TO fjueLpcLKLOv TovTo UaXa/jL'^Srjf; 6 iv
Tpoua, K6'^pr]Tat Be evavTi(OTdT0L<^ ^OBvaael Kal
OfjLTjpw, T(j) fiev ^vvOevTC eir avrov Te;^ya9, u^'
Mv /care\c6(t)dr], too Be ovBe eirov^ avrov d^io)-
aavri. Kal eTreiBr) p,7]0 rj aoipua avrov n, r)v el'^ev,
wvqae, juLjjre 'Ofxr^pov iiracverov erv^ev, v(f>' ov
TToWol Kal ra)V fit) irdvv airovBaiwv 69 ovofia
rj')(0')](Tav, OBvaaeco(; re 7]rrr]T0 clBlkcov ovBev, Bia-
^e^Xrjrat irpog (f)iXoao(f)Lav Kal 6Xo(f)vperaL rb
eavrov 7rddo<;. eart Be ovro<i TIa\ap7]B')]<;, 09 Kal
ypd^et fJUT] [xaOoiv ^pdyLp^arar
XXIII
CAP. ^OLavra BiaXeyofxevcov rrpoaeXOcov rcb Idpya
XXIII '
dyryeXo^;, " 6 ^aaiXev^T ^cfyy, " irepl BelXrjv irpoarr^v
d(f)L^erat, ^vvea6jjLevo<; vp.lv irepl rwv eavrov
TTpaypdrcov.
6 Be, " rjKerco/' elrre, *' Kal yap dv
Kal j3e\ri(t)v direXdoi yvov<; dvBpa "KXXrjva.^^ Kal
el7rot)v ravra iraXiv rov irporepov Xoyov et')(^ero,
r}pero ovv rov ^ATroXXwnov, " (tv B* dv et7rot9,'
6^77, " ro rrpwrov crMpa Kal oart^ irpo rov vvv
rjaOa ;'* Be elirev, " erreiBrj dBo^ov rjv fiot' eKelvo,
oXlya avrov p^p,vrip.air viroXa^uiv ovv 'ldp'^a<;,
276
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
with us," replied the other, '^but he has been caught chap.
like a lion against his will and confined here, but he ^^^^
looks askance at us when we trv to domesticate him
and caress him. The truth is this stripling was once
Palamedes of Troy, and he found his bitterest enemies
in Odysseus and Homer ; for the one laid an ambush
against him of people by whom he was stoned to
death, while the other denied him any place in his
Epic ; and because neither the wisdom with which
he was endowed was of any use to him, nor did he
meet with any praise from Homer, to whom never-
theless many people of no great importance owe their
renown, and because he was outwitted by Odysseus
in spite of his iiinocence, he has conceived an aver-
sion to philosophy, and deplores his ill-luck. x\nd
he is Palamedes, for indeed he can write without
having learned his letters."
XXIII
While they were thus conversing, a messenger chap
approached larchas and said : ^' The King will come ^^^^^
early in the afternoon to consult you about his ovm t^^^-^^s
business." And larchas replied: '^'^ Let him come, f<^imer life
for he too will go away all the better for making
the acquaintance of a man of Hellas." And after
saying this, he went on with his former discourse.
He accordingly asked Apollonius the question :
"Will you tell us," he said, '*^ about your earlier
incarnation, and who you were before the present
life ? " And he replied :
Since it was an ignoble
episode, I do not remember much about it."
larchas therefore took him up and said : " Then you
277
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP ** elra aho^ovT €(f>ri, *'r)yy to yevecrOai Kv/Bepvrjrrf^;
XXIII 4) / / \/ r r^ /1»
At'yv7ma<; u€(o<; ; tovtl yap ere opo) yeyovora.
- ' oXtjOt] fiev,^^ elirev, " X€y€t<;, &> 'la/o^^^a, tovtI yap
are'xyo)'; iyevofMrjV, rjyovfiai h avro ovk dBo^ov
fjLovov, dWa Kal /carafe fi\7]fi€vov, /cal toctovtov
fxev a^Lov rols avOpooTroi^i, oaov irep to ap^eiv /cal
TO (TTpaTOV rjyelaOai, Ka/c(t)<; 8e aKovov vtro tmv
/caOa7TTo/i€V(ov Trj<; 6a\dTTr)<^. to yovv yevvaioTa-
rov TMV ifiol iTpa')(devTa}v ovSe iiraivov tl<; rj^iwae
Tore. Tt be oi] yevvatov eipyaauai (ptjaet<; tj to
7repL/3e^\rjKevac ^iaXeav Te Kal ^ovvlov -^aXcvcoaa^;
eK^epofievTjv Tr)v vavv, Kal to KaTa irpyfjivav Te Kal
irpSipav TMV dve/jLcov, oiroOev eK^oOrjaovTat, aa(f)(a<;
hteyvcoKevai, ep/jbaTcov Te virepapai to (tkcl^o^; ev
YtV^oia KOiXr), ovirep TroXXd tmv aKpcoTrjpicov
dva7re7r7]yev;
XXIV
^^^\ 'O Be ^ A7roXX(t)VLO(; " eVet yite," elirev, " e? kv^-
epvrjTiKov i/ji^L^d^ei^; Xoyov, aKOve, hoKOi {jlol roTe
vyto)^ irpd^ar ttjv OdXaTTav iroTe tmv ^olvikwv
XrjCTTal vTreKaOrjvTO, Kai ecpoiTcov irept ra? TroXef?
dvaiJLavddvovTes t/? tl dyot. KaTtS6vT€<; ovv efxirop-
iav Xa/JbTTpdv r^? veco^;, ol twi' Xr)(TT03V irpo^evot
BteXeyovTo /jlol diroXa^ovTes fie, iroaov tl ^Oe^oifii
Tov vavXov, eyo) Be ')(^LXi(ov €(f)rjv, €7rei8r) Terrayoe?
278
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 111
think it ignoble to have been the pilot of an chap.
Egyptian vessel^ for I perceive that this is what ^^^^^
you were?" " Wliat you say/' said Apollonius^ "is
true, larchas ; for that is really what I was ; but
I consider this profession not only inglorious but also
detestable, and though of as much value to humanity
as that of a prince or the leader of an araiy, never-
theless it bears an evil repute by reason of those
who follow the sea ; at any rate the most noble of
the deeds which I performed no one at the time saw
fit to praise." '^ Well, and what would you claim for
yourself in the way of noble achievement ? Is
it your having doubled the capes of Malea and
Sunium, by checking your ship when it was drifting
out of its course, and your having discerned so
accurately the quarters from which the winds would
blow both fore and aft, or your getting your boat
past the reefs in the hollows of Eubc^ea, where any
number of spits stick up in the sea ? "
XXIV
But Apollonius replied : " Since you tempt me to chap
talk about pilotage, I would have you hear what I '
consider to have been my soundest exploit at that
time. The Phoenician pirates at one time infested xhe talc
the sea, and were hanging about the cities to pick up pho^j^i^ian
information about the cargoes which different people pirates
had. The agents of the pirates spied out accordingly a
rich cargo which I had on board my ship, and having
taken me aside in conversation, asked me what was
my share in the freight ; and I told them that it was
a thousand drachmas, for there were four people in
279
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. i/cv8epva)v rhv vavv. ' oiKia 6e,' €<haaav * eaji
XXIV / / ^ ^ ^^ V V ^
aoL;^ ' /caXv/3r] Trovrjpd,^ e(J37]v, ' Trepl ttjv vrjaov
TTjv ^dpov, ov TToXai TTore 6 Upcorev^; aifcet.^ * ^ov-
XoLo av ovv^ rjpovTo p>€, ' 'yevecrOai aoi yrjv fiev dvrl
Oa\dTrr]<^, ol/CLav Be avTi t% /cdXv/Srj^;, to Se vav-
\ov heicdKt^; tovto, fca/ccov re i^ekdelv fivpioiv, a
diro T?7? OaXdrrr)^ dvoihovG7]<^ i<y')(^pi7rT€L toU
Ku/SepvMCTiv; ' ^ovkeaOai fiev elirov, ov firjv dpira-
ycov ye ifiavrov d^iovv, OTTore cro(f)coT€po^ ipavrov
yey ova Kal crrecfidvcov i^^ico/jiac irapd t?}? ri'^vrjf;.
TrpoiovTcov 8 avTMV koX jSaXdvTid jjlol Spa'^p.cov
fjuvpicov Scoaeov (pacT/covrcov, el yevoi/jbrjv avrol^, o
e^ovXovTO, Xiyeiv rjBr) Trape/ceXevad/jirjv w? jmySev
eXXei^lrcov rod 7rd<; dvrfp yeveaOau (7(j)Lar Xeyov/rt
St) fieXeSoxvol jmIv elvai Xyarcov, helcrOai Si jjlov /jltj
d^eXeaOaL avTOv^ to ttjv vavv iXetv, fi7]Se e? darv
ifcirXevaai, oirore ifceWev dpai/jii, dXX v<pop/jLLcra(j-
Oai Tfp dKpcoTTjpiO), raf; vav^; yap rd^i XrjcrTpLKd<; iv
TrepL^oXfj eajdvai, Kal ofivvvai fioi i^ovXovro /jltjt
avTov fJL€ diroKTevelv, fcal dvrjaeLV Be rov Odvarov oh
av iyo) TrapaLTcojuai. €70; Be vovOerelv fiev avTov<;
ovK da<^aXes ifJuavTW rjyov/jirjv, Beiaafi firj diroyvovTe<;
e/jb^dXcoai /jterecopcp rfj vrjl /cal diroXcoixeOd ttov tov
7reXdyov<;, co? Be virovpyrjcrai virea')(pfjb'r}v, a e^ov-
XovTO, 6/jLvvvai €cf)r]v avTOV<; Belv rj /jLtjv dXrjOevaeiV
280
LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK III
command of the ship. ^And,' said thev, '^have you chap
a house ? ' 'A wretched hut/ I replied^ ' on the
Island of Pharos^ where once upon a time Proteus
used to live.' ^ Would you like then/ they went
on, '^to acquire a landed estate instead of the sea^
and a decent house instead of your hut, and ten
times as much for tlie cargo as you are going to get
now ? And to get rid of a thousand misfortunes
which beset pilots owing to the roughness of the sea?'
I replied that I would gladly do so^ but that I did
not aspire to become a pirate just at a time when I
had made myself more expert than I ever had been,
and had won cro%\'ns for my skill in my profession.
However they persevered and promised to give me a
purse of a thousand drachmas, if I would be their
man and do what they wanted. Accordingly I egged
them on to talk by promising not to fail them, but to
assist them in every way. Then they admitted that
they were agents of the pirates, and besought me not
to deprive them of a chance of capturing the ship,
and instead of sailing away to the city whenever I
weighed anchor thence, they arranged that I should
cast anchor under the promontory, under the lee of
which the pirate ships were riding ; and they were *
willing to swear that they would not only not kill
myself, but would spare the life of any for whom I
interceded. I for my part did not consider it safe to
reprehend them, for I was afraid that if they were
driven to despair, they would attack my ship on the
high seas and then we should all be lost somewhere
at sea ; accordingly I promised to assist their enter-
prise, but I insisted upon their taking oath to keep
their promise truly. They accordingly made oath,
for our interview took place in a temple, and then I
281
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ravra. ofjboadvrwv tolvvv, koli ^yap iv lepw hueXe-
XXIV
yovTO, ' ;^&)/oetTe,' e(\)r]V, ' iirl ra tmv Xyarcov TrXola,
r]fji€L<; yap vvKTWp dcp'^ao/iev.^ /cal 7ndava)T€po<;
ehoKovv en irepl rod vofxicrixaTO^ SiaXeyofjuevo';, co?
Boki/jLop dTrapiOfiTjOeir] /xot Kal fjur) irpojepov rj rrjv
vavv eXcoatv. ol fiev Brj i'^wpovv, iyo) Be r}Ka e?
TO 7reXayo<; virepapa^; rov aKpayTTipiov^ '* raOr'
ovv, elirev o lap^a?, " ATroXXcovte, BcKatoavvrj<;
riyf) epya; " " koX irpo^ 76," ec/)?;, " (jaXavOpwiria^;,
TO yap fjLT) dirohoaOai 'yjrv^dfi dvOpcoTTcov, fxrjK
d7re/jb7roXf]aaL ra tmv ejjbiropwv, %/3?7yLtaTa)y re
KpeiTTO) yeveaOaL vavTrjv ovra, 7roXXd<; dp€Ta<;
olfjtai, ^vv€iX7)(f>evaL.^'
XXV
CAP reXdaa<; ovv 6 'lvS6<;, " eoiKa^^^ e^ry, ** to /at)
dBiKelv BiKULocrvvyv 7)y€ta6ai,, toutI Be ol/jLac Kal
7rdvTa(;
FiXX7)va<;' &)? yap eyoo irore AlyvTrricov
Bevpo d(f)iKo/jLevcov ijKOvaa, (poiTcoac fxev vpuv diro
tt)? 'P(op,rj(; r)yefjb6v€<; yvfivbv rjppLevoi rov TreXeKVv
€<^' v/jLd<;, ouTTO) yLyv(oafcovTe<;, el (pavXcov dp^ovatv,
vfjuel^i Be, el /jlt) ircoXolev Ta? BiKa^i ovtol, cjyare
auTOU? BiKaiov^; elvai. tovtI Be /cal tou? tmv
dvBpaiToBcov Ka7rr]Xov<; dKOvco eKel TrpdrTeiv, el
yap d(f)iKocvTO Kardyovre^i vjuv dvBpuTroBa Kapc/ca
/cal TO r)6o<; avTMV ecjyep/jurjvevoiev v/jlIv, eiraivov
TToiovvrai tmv dvBpaTroBwv to fJir) KXeiVTeiv avrd,
282
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
said : ' You betake yourselves to the ships of the chap.
pirates at once, for we will sail away by night.' And ^^
they found me all the more plausible from the way
I bargained about the money, for I stipulated that it
must all be paid me in current cash, though not be-
fore they had captured the ship. They therefore
went off, but I put straight out to sea after doubling
the promontory." "This then," said larchas, " O Discussion
ApoUonius, you consider the behav^iour of a just 3"^*^^^^
man?" "Why yes," said ApoUonius, "and of a
humane one too ! for I consider it was a rare combi-
nation of the virtues for one who was a mere sailor
to refuse to sacrifice men's lives, or to betray the
interests of many merchants, so rising superior to all
bribes of money."
XXV
Thereupon the Indian smiled and said : " You chap
XXV
seem to think that mere abstention from injustice ^ .1. .
constitutes justice, and I am of opinion that all the of Greek
Greeks do the same. For as I once learned from the ™*^^"*^^*y
Egyptians that come hither, governors from Rome
are in the habit of visiting your country, brandishing
their axes naked over your heads, before they
know whether they have cowards to rule or not ; but
you acknowledge them to be just if they merely do
not sell justice. And I have heard that the slave
merchants yonder do exactly the same ; for when
they come to you with convoys of Carian slaves and
are anxious to recommend their characters to you,
they make it a great merit of the slaves that they do
not steal. In the same way do you recommend on
283
I
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. T0U9 fxev St) ap')(pvra<^, ol<^ vTroKelcrdai (bare, roiov-
Tcov d^covT^, fcat XafiTrpvpovrefi avrovf; i7raivoi<;,
ol? Trep ra dvSpaTroSa, ^7]X(otov<; TrefiTreTe, &)<?
oceaOe, ol he ye ao(f)a)TaTOc TroLrjral vfiayv 01)8' el
jSovXeaOe ScKaioi re fcal ')(pr](TTol elvai, ^vy-
')(copov(Jiv vpHv yeveaOai. rbv yap MtVco top
o)fjLOTr]TL virepjBaXofJbevov irdvTa'^, /cat hovXwadfjbevov
Tat9 vavcrl tov<; eirl OaXdrry re Kal ev OaXdrrrj
BiKaiO(7VV7](; (jKYjirTpw TLfjiCf)VT€<;, ev^'AcSov KaOi^ovat
Bcairdv ral^ ■yjrv^at^;, rov 8' av TdvraXov, eTretSr)
^pricrro*^ re rjv Kal rot? ^tXot? rr)? virapyo-uavs
avTO) Trapd tmv Oeo)v dOavaala^; /jLereSiSov, irorov
re eipyovcri. fcal cnrov, elal Be ot Kal XiOov<; avrtp
eiTLKpeixdaavTe'^ Secvd ecj^v^pi^ovcri delw re Kal
dyaOw dvSpu, 01)9 i/SovXo/jirjv dv puaXXov Xi/jivrjv
avTW irepifiXvaaL veKTapo<;, eTreiBrj (jyiXavO panrcL)^
avTov Kal d(f)06v(o<; TrpovTrive.' Kal dfia Xeyccv
ravra eireheiKW dyaXjia ev dpiarepa, cp eireye-
ypaiTTO TANTAA051. to fxev Br) dyaXpLa rerpd-
'^VX^ V^' ai^3/?l Be ea>K€i Trev^TjKovTOvrrj, Kal rpoirov
^ ApyoXiKov ecrraXro, 7rap7]XXaTTe Be rrjp '^Xap.vBa,
coairep ol SerraXoi, (j>idX7]v re irpovirivev diro-
y^poicrav evl Bl'^mvti, ev y aToXaypua eKd'yXat,ev
dK7)pdT0v TTCoyLtaro? ov)^ v7rep/3Xv^ov rij^ (f)idXr)(;.
6 TL pLev ovv rjyovvrai avro Kal e^' oto) a7r' avrov
TTLvovai, Br)Xa)aco avnKa. ttXtjv dXXa rjyeicrOai
'^prj Tov TdvraXov pLT) ttj yXcoTTrj e(f)evTa, KOivoivq-
284
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
such grounds the rulers whose sway you acknowledge, chap.
and after decorating them with such praises as you ^^^
lavish upon slaves, you send them away,, objects, as
you imagine, of universal admiration. Nay more,
your cleverest poets will not give you leave to be just
and good, even if you want to. For here was Minos, Minos
a man who exceeded all men in cruelty, and who
enslaved with his navies the inhabitants of continent
and islands alike, and yet they honour him by placing
in his hand a sceptre of justice and give him a throne
in Hades to be umpire of spirits ; while at the same
time they deny food and drink to Tantalus, merely Mytho-
because he was a good man and inclined to share Tantalus
with his friends the immortality bestowed on him by
the Gods. And some of them hang stones upon him,
and rain insults of a terrible kind upon this divine
and good man ; and I would much rather that they
had represented him as swimming in a lake of nectar,
for he pledged men in that drink humanely and
ungrudgingly." And as he spoke he pointed out a
statue which stood upon his left hand, on which was
inscribed the name " Tantalus." Now this statue was
four cubits high, and represented a man of fifty years
who was clad in the fashion of Argolis, though he
parted his cloak in the way the Thessalians do, and
he held a cup sufficient at least for one thirsty man
and drank your health therefrom, and in the goblet
there was a liquor, an unmixed draught which frothed
and foamed, though without bubbling over the edge
of the cup. Now I will presently explain what they
consider this statue to be, and for what reason they
drink from it. In any case, however, we must
suppose that Tantalus was not assailed by the poets
because he gave rein to his tongue, but because
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. aavra Be dvOpooTroif; rov veKrapo^ vtto tmv
TTotrjTMV eXavveaOai, OeoU Se /jlt] Btaffe^rjcrOai
avTov, ov yap civ, el 6eot<; aTTT/^^ero, fcpcOr]val
TTore VTTO Twt' ^IvBcov dyaOov, OeocpLXeardrcov ovrcov
Koi /jLijSev e^o) rov Oeiov tt parr ovrcov.
XXVI
^^P-j AiaTpl/3ovTa<i Be avTov<; irepl rov \6yov rovrov
6opv^o<; eK rrji; kco/jl7)(; rrpoae^aXev, d(f)tKro Be apa
jBaaCkev^ fir)BiK(orepov KareaKevaa fxevo^i teal
oyKov jjbearo'^. d^OeaOel'; ovv 6 ^ldp)^a<i, " el Be
^pacor7](;, e^r], " KaraXvwv ervyyavev. elBe<; dv
coairep ev /j,var7]pt(p aL(07rrj<; fjueard irdvra.^^ €k
rovrov fiev Br] ^vvrJKev 6 'A7ro\Xo)vio<;, tw? l3a(TcXev<;
eKelvo<; ov/c oXlyo) /Jiepei, (pLXoaocpia Be rrdar) rov
^pacorov XenroLro, padvjxov^i Be IBcjv rov<i ao(f)ovs
Kol /MtjBev 7rapa(7Kevd^ovra<;, mv Bel r(p ^aaCXel
/jLcrd /jLeo-Tj/jL^pLav rJKOvri, " Trot," 6^77, " ^aaiXev^
Biairi^aerai ; " '* evravOa^ e<^aaav, " oiv yap
eve/ca i^Ket, vvKrcop BiaXeyofieda, eTreiBr) Kal
ffeXncov Kaipb<i 77/909 ySofXa?." *' Kal TyoaTrefa,"
ecpt], irapaKeiaerai rjKovri ; vi) At , etirov,
- ' Tra'x^ecd re Kal rrdvra eyovaa, orroaa ivravOa.^'
'\7ra;^ea)9 ovv,
e(f)r), " BiairdaOe ; " '* ?;/iet9 //-eV,"
etpaaav, " X67rTa>9, rrXeiova yap rjfuv e^ov airl-
^eaOat /iLKpoU ')(^aipofjLev, rw Be ^aaiXel ttoXXcov
286
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
he shared the nectar witli mankind ; nor must we chap.
suppose that he was really the victim of the gods' ' "
dislike, for, had he been hateful to them, he ^ould
never have been judged by the Indians to be a good
man, for they are most religious people and never ,
transgress any divine command.
XXVI
While they were still discussing this topic, a hubbub ^^^^•
down below in the village struck their ears, for it ^^^.^ ^^ ^^^
seems the king had arrived equipped in the height pompous
of Median fashion and full of pomp. larchas then, ^"^^
not too well pleased, remarked : " If it were Phraotes
who was halting here, you would find a dead silence
prevailing everywhere as if you were attending a
mystery." From this remark Apollonius realised
that the king in question was not only inferior to
Phraotes in a few details, but in the whole of
philosophy ; and as he saw that the sages did not
bestir themselves to make any preparations or pro-
vide for the king's wants, though he was come at
midday, he said : '^'^ Where is the king going to stay? "
" Here," they replied,
for we shall discuss by night
the objects for which he is come, since that is the
best time for taking counsel." " And will a table be
laid for him when he comes," said Apollonius.
Why, of course," they answered, " a rich table too,
furnished with everything which this place provides."
"Then," said he, "you live richly?" "We,"
they answered, " live in a slender manner, for
although we might eat as much as we like, we are
contented with little ; but the king requires a great
287
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP- Bel, /SovXerat yap. acTijaerat, Be eaylrvyov aev
ovoev, ov yap f/eyLtt? evravaa, rpayrj/jLara oe A:at
pi^a<? Kal (hpaia, oiroaa vvv y] 'IvSiKrj e%e^ oiroaa
T€ at 69 vecora oipat Bcoaovacv.^^
XXVII
xxvii ' 'A\X' t'SoL/," 6(1)7], " ovTO<^y irporjeL he apa 6
^a(TiXev<i aBeX(j)& re Kal vlw afia, '^pvaw re
aarpaTTTcov /cal y\n](^oi<^. vTravtara/jLevov Be rod
AttoWcoplov, KaTel')(ev avrov 6 ^IdpXd's ev rco
Opovcp, /jLTjBe yap avroU Trdrpiov elvau rovro. rov-
TOL<; o Aa/ti9 avTO<; puev ov (f)7jaL TrapaTV^elv Bia to
Tr)v rj/jLepav eKeiv-qv ev ttj Kcop^rj BiaLrdaOac, 'AttoX-
Xcoviov Be dKr)Kooi)(; eyy pdyfrac . avra €9 rov avrov
Xoyov. (prjai tolvvv KaOrjixevot^; juuev avrol<; rov
IBaatXea Trporeivovra rrjv %et/3a olov eu-^eaOaL
T0fc9 avBpdai, tov<^ [Be eirtveveLv, coairep ^vvriOe-
/Ltei/of 9 oh fjTei, Tov Be vTreptjBeaOaL rfj eirayyeXia,
KaOdirep 69 6eov rjKOvra. rov Be dBeXcpbv rov
^aaiXecd^ Kal tov vlov KaXXtaTov fieipaKLOv ovTa
fjLTjBev opdaOat ^eXTLOv r) el dvBpdiroBa tovtcovI
TOiv aKoXovdcdv Y)aav. jxeTa TavTa e^avaaTrjvat
TOV IvBov Kal (f)covrjv levTa KeXeveiv avTov airov
diTTeadaL, tt poaBe^afxevov 3' avTOv Kal tovto
p,aXiGTa \iaiJLevw<^, TpiiToBe<^ pev e^eTropevOrjaav
YlvdiKOi TCTTape^ avTopbaToi, KaOdirep ol 'Op^rj-
peLOi irpolovTe^, olvo^^ooi, 8' eir avT0i<; '^aXKOv
peXavo<^, oloL Trap' '^EXXrjacv ol Tavvp,r)BeL'^ Te Kal
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
deal, for that is liis pleasure. But lie will iu)t eat chap.
an}^ living creature, for that is wrong to do here, but ^^^^
only dried fruits and roots and the seasonable
produce of the Indian land at this time of year, and
whatever else the new year's seasons will provide."
XXVII
"But see," said he, "here he is." And iust then chap.
XXV II
the king advanced together with his brother and his
son, ablaze with gold and jewels. And Apollonius
was about to rise and retire, when larchas checked
him from leaving his throne, and explained to him
that it was not their custom for him to do so. Dam is
himself says that he was not present on this occasion,
because on that day he was staying in the village,
but he heard from Apollonius what happened and
wrote it in his book. He says then that when they
had sat down, the king extended his hand as if in
prayer to the sages, and they nodded their assent
as if they were conceding his request ; and he was
transported with joy at the promise, just as if he had
come to the oracle of a God. But the brother of the
king and his son, who was a very pretty boy, were
not more considered than if they had been the
slaves of the others, that were mere retainers. After
that the Indian rose from his place, and in a formal The Sages
speech bade the king take food, and he accepted the king
the invitation and that most cordially. Thereupon
four tripods stepped forth like those of the Pythian
temple, but of their own accord, like those W'hich
advanced in Homer's poem, and upon them were iiiad is. 375
cupbearers of black brass resembling the figures of
289
vol.. I. u
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP ' " "
- af. ol HeXoTre?. rj yi] Be vTreorrupvv iroa^ fiaXafCco-
T€pa<; Tj al evvai. Tpayt^fJuaTa oe koI aproi koX
Xd^ava fcal rpcoKra 6)pala, Trdvra iv koct/jlo)
icpOLTa SiaK€ifjL€va r}hiov rj el oy^roiTOLol avra irap-
ea/ceva^ov, tmv he TpuroScov ol puev hvo otvov
eireppeov, toIv Svoiv Be o p^ev vSaTO<; Oepp^ov
KprjV7]v irapelyev, o Be av ^^vy^pov. al B e^ ^IvBcov
(j)oiT(x)aaL \i9oi Trap "KXXrjac p,ev e? op[jLov<; re Kal
Ba/CTvXiOV^ ep^^i^d^ovrai Bta ap,i/cp6Tr)Ta, irapa
Be 'Ii^^ot? olvoxoai re -^^VKTrjpe^ re ylyvovrai Bid
pueyeOo^i Kal Kparrjpe^ rjXL/cot €p,7rXr](Tat rerrapa^
Mpa €TOv<; Bi^jrcovTa^. tov<; Be olvo')(^6ov<; toi"?
'^aX/cov'^ dpveaOaL puev cprjai ^vpip,erp(D<; rod re
o'lvov KoX rov vBaro^, irepieXavveiv Be ra*; KvXLKa<;,
coairep ev roL<; iroroL^. KaraKelaOai Be avrov<; &>?
ev ^vaaLTio) p.ev, ov puriv Trpo/cptrov ye rov /SacrcXea,
rovro Br) to irap" "EiXXrjai re Kal 'Pcoyitatoi?
TToXXov d^Lov, dXX^ co? eVf^t 7^, ov eKaaro<i
coppuTjaev,
XXVIII
CAP. 'Evret Be irpopei 6 iroro^;, " Trpoiriva) aoi, ' ^\dp-
^a9 elirev, ** w ^aaiXev, dvBpa ' EXX7;^'a," rov
^ ArroXXdtvLov v7roKeKXtp,evov avrw Bei^a^ Kal rrj
X^^P
TrpoarfpLaivoiv, on yevvalo^ re eXrj Kai 6elo<;.
6 Be PaacXev^, "i^Kovaa" e^rj, " irpoaiJKeLV ^pacorjj
290
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
Ganvniiede and of Pelops amono- the Greeks. And chap.
the earth strewed beneath them grass softer than
any mattress. And dried fruits and bread and
vegetables and the dessert of the season all came in,
served in order, and set before them more agreeably
than if cooks and waiters had provided it ; now two
of the tripods flowed with wine, but the other two
supplied, the one of them a jet of warm water and
the other of cold. Now the precious stones imported
from India are employed in Greece for necklaces
and rings because they are so small, but among the
Indians they are turned into decanters and wine
coolers, because they are so large, and into goblets of
such size that from a single one of them four j)ersons
can slake their thirst at midsummer. But the cup-
bearers of bronze drew a mixture, he says, of wine
and w^ater made in due proportions ; and they pushed
cups round, just as they do in drinking bouts.
The sages, however, reclined as we do in a common
banquet, not that any special honour was paid to the
king, although great importance would be attached
to him among Greeks and Romans, but each took
the first place that he chanced to reach.
XXVIII
And when the wine had circulated, larchas said : chap.
" I pledge you to drink the health, O king, of a ^^^'^
Hellene," and he pointed to ApoUonius, who was ^^ op^'Ji^r
reclining just below him, and he made a gesture ^^ .
with his hand to indicate that he was a noble man ^ ^ °^°^ ^
and divine. But the king said : " I have heard that
291
u2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. rovTov re /cal tol'9 iv rrj kwixt) KaTokvovra^.
>vXVIII ' ^ ^
" o/o^W9," e^T], " KoX a\7)9m rjKOvaa^, eKelvo^ yap
KavravOa ^evi^ei avTov.
*' rt," e</)>7, " eVtr??-
hevovTa;
" rt o' aWo 76," elirev, " rj airep
iK€ivo<; ; " " ovSev," €<j)7], " ^evov elpr^Ka^ aaira-
^ofievov eirLTrjhevaiv, rj [xr]he i/c€iV(p ^vvex^^pV^^
yevvauM yevia-dac.
6 puev Srj 'Ta/o%a9, " acocppove-
arepov^ e(j)7], " m fiacnXev, Trepl (j)tXocro(f}ia<; re /cal
^padiTov yiyvwdKey tov p^ev yap %/)woi^, ov jxeipd-
KLOV rjaOa, ^vvexf^pec (tol rj veori-}^ ra Toiavra,
eirel he 69 avhpa^ i^aWdrreK; t/St/, cpeiSoop^eda tmv
dvoTjTcov re Kal evKoXcov.
6 Be ' A7roW(*iVLo<; epp^rj-
V€vovro<; Tov'ldpxa, " <^o\ 8e rt," ecprj, " & ^aaiXev,
TO p.r) (f)i\oao(j)7]aaL SeSco/cev ; " " ip^ol Be dpeTtjv
Trdcrav Kal to elvai p.€ tov avTov t& 'HXto)." o Be
eTTlO-TOp^i^COV aVTOV TOV TUCpOV " 6i e(j)lX0(T0(j)€L^,
elirev, *' ov/c av TavTa wou." " (tv Be, eTreiBr) (J)l\o-
cro(^6t9, w ^e\Tio-T6," €(/)?;, " tl irepl aavTov oiei ; "
" TO ye dvtjp,
ecjyr), " dyaOo^ BoKelv, el (fnXo-
(Tocpoirjv
dvaTeiva^ ovv ttjv X^^P^ ^^ '^^^
ovpavov, "V7) Tov"il\Lov,
e(j)7], ^padiTOV p.ecrTO<:
TiKei^.^^ 6 Be eppbaiov ye eiroujaaTO tov \6yov Kal
uTToXa^cov, " ov p.dT7]V dTroBeBr}p.riTai p.oi,
elirev,
" el ^pacoTOV p^ecFTO^ yey ova- el Be KUKeivo) vvv
292
LIFE OF APOLLONIL'S, BOOK III
he and the persons who are halting in the village ghap.
belong to Phraotes." xxviii
"Quite right/' he answered, "and true is what
vou heard : for it is Phraotes who entertains him
here also." " What/' asked the king, " is his mode
of life and pursuit? " "'Why, what else/' replied
larchas, " except that of that king himself?" " It is
no great compliment you have paid him/' answered
the king, " by saying that he has embraced a mode
of life which has denied even to Phraotes the chance
of being a noble man." Thereupon larchas
remarked : " You must judge more reasonably, O
king, both about philosophy and about Phraotes : for
as long as you were a stripling, your youth excused
in you such extravagances. But now that you have
already reached man's estate, let us avoid foolish and
facile utterances." But ApoUonius, who found an
interpreter in larchas, said : " And what have you
gained, O king, by refusing to be a philosopher?"
"What have I gained? Why, the whole of virtue
and the identification of myself with the Sun."
Then the other, by Avay of checking his pride and
muzzling him, said : " If you were a philosopher, you
would not entertain such fancies." "And you/'
replied the king, " since you are a philosopher, what
is your fancy about yourself, my fine fellow ? ' '
"That I may pass," replied ApoUonius, "for being a
good man, if only I can be a philosopher."
Thereupon the king stretched out his hand to
heaven and exclaimed : •' By the Sun, you come here
full of Phraotes." But the other hailed this remark
as a godsend, and catching him up said : " I have not
taken this long journey in vain, if I am become full
of Phraotes. But if you should meet him presently,
293
FLA VI us PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ipTvxot^i, Trdvv (^r)(7eL<^ avrov i/juov fiearov elvai,
Kol ypdipeiv Bk virep i/iov 7r/909 ere i/SovXero, aX\
iTretSr) e(f>aaK€v avhpa d'yaOov eivai ae, TraprjTT)-
(rd/jLTjv TOP 6')(\ov T>}9 i-maToKrj^;, eirel /JLrjSe eKeivw
Ti9 virep ifiov iireaTeiXev. '
XXIX
CAP.
XXIX
'H fiev h^i Trpcorrj irapoivia rov /9a(jiXea)9 eV-
ravOa eKrj^ev' aKOvaa^ yap eTraivelaOai avrov vtto
rov ^pacoTov, Trj<; re viro-^jrlaf; eirekdOero Kal
v(pei<; rov rovov, '^aipe, ecprj, ayaue ^ev€. o
Be ^A7roW(t)vto<;, *' Kal av, /Sao-tXev,^* elirev, " 6otKa<;
yap vvv 7]K0VTt" " ti<; ae, * e^r;, ** 7r/309 ?7/ia9
Yjyayev ;^ " ovroi,^ eiirevy " ol Oeoi re Kal cro(f)ol
avop€<^. irepi ejiov be, ecprj, w ^eve, Tt9 ^0709
ev TOi^ rjWrjaiv ; o(to<; ye, etire, Kai irepi
'EiWrjvcov evravOar *' ovhev^ €<^^> " tmv Trap
FX\r)(rLv eycoye \6yov d^toj.^^ " dirayyeXo) ravra^^
elire, " Kal aTe(j)av(oaovaL ere ev OXf/^Trta."
XXX
CAP. Kal 7rpo(TK\iOel<; rw ^Idp^a, " rovrov /juev,
e(f>r),
" fieOvetv ea, av Be /jloc etVe rov X^P^^ tol'9 Trepl
avrov rovrov<;, dBeXcpov, 61)9 (pare, Kai viov 6vra<;
ovK d^iovre kolvyjc; rparre^rj^, ovBe aXXrjf; rLixrj<i,
ovBe/jiid<;r
orij" ecprj, ^aaiXevaeiv irore rjyovvrai,
294
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 111
you will certainly say that he is full of me ; and he chap.
wished to write to you in my behalf, but since he ^^^'^^^
declared that you were a good man, I begged him
not to take the trouble of writing, seeing that in his
case no one sent a letter commending me."
XXIX
This put a stop to the incipient folly of the king ; chap.
for having heard that he himself was praised by ^^^^
Phraotes,he not only dropped his suspicions,but lower-
ing his tone he said: " Welcome, goodly stranger."
But Apollonius answered : " And my welcome to
you also, O king, for you appear to have only just
arrived." "And who," asked the other, " attracted
you to us?" "These gentlemen here, who are both
Gods and Avise men."
And about myself, O
stranger," said the king, "what is said among
Hellenes?" "Why, as much," said Apollonius,
"as is said about the Hellenes here." "As for
myself, I find nothing in the Hellenes," said the
other, " that is worth speaking of." " I will tell
them that," said Apollonius, "and they will crown
you at Olympia."
And of
Hellas
XXX
And stooping towards larchas he said : " Let him chap
go on like a drunkard, but do you tell me why do you ^'^^
not invite to the same table as yourself nor hold worthy of^th" ya^^res
of other recognition those who accompany this man, innowaj-
though they are his brother and son, as you tell me ? " ^^™
" Because," said larchas, " they reckon to be kings
295
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
^^ ^€t Be avTOV<; vTrepopcojuevov^; TTacSeveaOai. to /jltj
viTepopav. OKTOdKaiheKa Se opcov rov^ ao^ov'^
TToXiv Tov Idpxciv rjpero, tl ^ovKolto avTol<=; to
elvai ToaovTOV<;; "ovTe yap tmv TeTpaycovcov 6
api6[JbO<;, OVT€ TMV evBoKLflOVVTCJV T€ fcal Tt/xcofievcov,
KaOdirep o tmv Se/ca kol 6 tmv 8a)8efca koL 6
efc/caiSeKa koI OTroaoi TOLOiher v7ro\a/3a}v ovv 6
'Iz^So?, " ovTe ?7yu.efc9," e^'/;, ^' dpiOjJLM BovXevo/jiev ovTe
dpcdfiof; r)pZv, a\X diro ao(f>[a^ t€ koI dp€Tr)<^
TTpoTLfioo/jieOa, Kol ore fjuev TrXetou? twz^ vvv ovtwv
ecFfiev, OTe Se eXarTOf?. toz^ tol TrdiTTrov top
ifj^avTOV dfcovco KaToke^ddrjvai jjuev i<; 6/3SofX7]KOVTa
ao^ov<; dvBpa<;, vecoTaTOv avTov ovTa, iTpoekOovTa Se
€9 TpidicovTa /cat eKaTov eTrj KaTaKei^Orfvai julovov
ivTavOa, t<m iitjt eKeivcov tlvcl XeiirecrOaL €tl, jJbrjTe
elvai TTOi TOT€ T?}? IvSifC7](; T) (ptXoao^ovrj yevvaiav
(pvaiv. AlyviTTicov toivvv iv tol<; €vSac/xove(TTdTOL<^
ypa^dvTcov avTov, eireihr] fjLovo<=; eTMV TSTTdpoiv i^r]-
jTJaaTO TOVTov tov Opovov, TTapiJvet iravaaaOai
6v€L8i^ovTa<; lv8ol<^ (TO(f)cov oXLjavSplav. ruxel^ Be,
0) ATToXXcovLe, Kol Ta HXeto)!^ irdTpia KIjvtttlwv
dKovovTe^i Kol Tot'9 K^\XavoBiKa<i , ot irpotaTavTaL
Tcov ^OXvfiiTicov, Be/ca 6vTa<;, ovk errraivov/jiev tov
vofjbov TOV eirl T0t9 dvBpdcri /cetfievov, KXrjpcp yap
^vyx^fjopovat ttjv a7peacv, 09 irpovoel ovBev, real yap
av /cat TO)v (pauXoTepcov ti<; aipedeirj vtto tov
KXrjpov. el Be ye dptaTivBrjv rj fcal KUTa '>^i](^ov
ypovvTO T0U9 avBpa^, ovk av rj/jbapTavov; rrapa-
296
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
one day themselves, and by being made themselves chap.
to suffer disdain they must be taught not to disdain ^^
^
others." And remarking that the sages were
eighteen in number^ he again asked larchas^ what
was the meaning of their being just so many and no
more. " For/' he said, " the number eighteen is not a
square number, nor is it one of the numbers held in
esteem and honour, as are the numbers ten and
twelve and sixteen and so forth." Thereupon the
Indian took him up and said : " Neither are we
beholden to number nor number to us, but we owe
our superior honour to wisdom and virtue ; and
sometimes we are more in number than we now are,
and sometimes fewer. And indeed I have heard that
when my grandfather was enrolled among these wise
men, the youngest of them all, they were seventy in
number, but when he reached his 130th year, he
was left here all alone, because not one of them
survived him at that time, nor was there to be found
anywhere in India a nature that was either
philosophic or noble. The Egyptians accordingly
wrote and congratulated him warmly on being left
alone for four years in his tenure of this throne, but
he begged them to cease reproaching the Indians
for the paucity of their sages. Now we, O Limit<itioii
' in nvmiDcv
Apollonius, have heard from the Egyptians of the not
custom of the Elians, and that the Hellanodicae, who ^"it^^i^oice
preside over the Olympic games, are ten in number ; by merit
but we do not approve of the rule imposed in the
case of these men ; for they leave the choice of
them to the lot^ and the lot has no discernment,
for a worse man might be as easily chosen by lot as a
better one. On the other hand, would they not make
a mistake, if they had made merit the qualification
297
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAR ^Xrj^L^,. 6 y^p r&v S^«a 6.p,e,M., inapairnro,
o>v^ r, ■7r\,co,.o,v Svrcov dvSp&v Sc^aCayv d<j>r,p,2ro &v
emov, TO inl to6t<o rcf^a^Oa,, f, oi>c Svroiv h,Kaio>v
Se^a ovSu, SS^er odev rroXX^ ao.po.repov id,p6.
vovu av RXeloc ip^Q^iA ^h dXKore ciXXo, oVrec
diKaioTijTi Se 01 avroL"
XXXI
CAP. TavTa a7rovBd^ovTa<, avTov<! 6 fiaa-iXevi eV-
Kpovew iTreiparo. hdpy^v airoi,^ ^avrh, XSjov
>cai aei r, 6>,rX,;«To^ Kal Af^aOh Xiya>v. -rroXiv
oiv npero {nrkp rod a^ovSd^ocev, 6 B^ ' A-rroXXciuw,
"SiaXejofceda ^h Wip ^eydX<op >cal t&v -jrap'
j^^}V<rcv^ e{>BoKi,.a,rdT<.v, ai, S' hv p^cKpk ravra
VJOio <f,y<, yap S,a/3,^ija0ac -rrpb, rd 'EXX^vu,,,."
'•S,affe^rif.ac ^h dX^ffi,," J,re^, •• d^ovaac
b o^o>, /3ovXof,ac. SoKure ydp /.oo Xiyecv Mp
\e-nva,o,v, rmv Bip^ov BovXmv.- 6 Si, ' " l-rrhp
aXXcov f^iv," ^y, " ScaXey6f.e0a, inel S' drSvrm
re Ka, fevSa,, \\0r,va[cov i-^ei^v^ad,,,, i>cetv6, po,
ecjre- eo<rv^ aoi, ^aacXev, SovXoc ; " " ScrpvpcoC
efv, " icai om i^v7)pul ye air&v odSeva, dXX'
€i<Tiv oiKoyeveZ^ rrdpre-i." irdXiv oiv ffpero kppr,-
vevovro, rov 'Idpxa. rr6rep avrb, drroScSpda^co,
Tou, avrov SovXov, f, ol SovXoi eKelvov, 6 S^
298
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
and chosen them by vote? Yes^a parallel one^for if you chap.
are on no account to exceed the number ten.there may ^^^
be more than ten just men, and you will deprive some
of the rank which their merits entitle them to, while
if on the other hand there are not so many as ten,
then restriction of the number is meaningless.
Wherefore the Elians would be much wiser-minded,
if they allowed the number to fluctuate, merely
insisting on justice as a qualification for all alike."
XXXI
While they were thus conversing, the king kept chap.
trying to interrupt them, constantly breaking; off "
their every sentence by his silly and ignorant vindicates
remarks. He accordingly again asked them what RT®^^^ ^^"^'"
1 . 1 1 4 n . T 1 the slvir put
they were conversing about, and Apollomus replied : upon them
" We are discussing matters important and held in -^ ^"'^
great repute among the Hellenes ; though you would
think of them but slightly, for you say that you
detest everything Hellenic." " I do certainly detest
them," he said, "but nevertheless I want to hear;
for I imagine you are talking about those x\thenians,
the slaves of Xerxes." But Apollonius replied : " Nay,
we are discussing other things ; but since you have
alluded to the Athenians in a manner both absurd
and false, answer me this question : Have you,
O king, any slaves?" "Twenty thousand," said
the other, " and not a single one of them did I buy
myself, but they were all born in my household."
Thereupon Apollonius, using larchas as his inter-
preter, asked him afresh whether he was in the habit
of running away from his slaves or his slaves from
?99
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. vf3pl^(ov avTov, " TO fiev ipcorrj/jia,'^ €<f)r), " avSpa-
TToBcoSe^;, o/jLa)<; 5' ovv airoKpivofiai top aTroStSpd-
(jKovra hoiikov re etvai /cat aX\o)<; kukov, heairoTrjv
he ovK av diroSpdvaL tovtov, bv e^eanv avTM
GTpepXoVV T€ KoX ^aiV€tV.^^ ** ovKovvT ^fpV' "^
^aatXeu, 80OX09 elvat ^ AOrjvaicov He/o^?79 vtto crov
aTTonecpavTai koX &>«? KaKo^ SovXo^ dirohpavai
avTOV<;, r)TT7]0€l<; yap vir avrcov rrj vav/xa^ia rfi
irepl ra arevd, koI heiaa^i irepl Tal<; ev 'KXXr)cT7r6vTq)
a)^€8iat<^ ev paa vrjl ecpvye.^' " koX /jltjv koI
eveirprjaev, ecfyrj, " ra? AOrjva^; rat? eavrov
'^epcriv. Se A7roX\.(ovLO<;, " tovtov /juev, ' eirrev,
" CO /SaaiXev, tov ToX/iijpaTo^; ehcoKe Blku^, co?
ovirco Tt-<; €T€po<;' ov<; yap aTToXwXe/cevat coeTo,
tovtov^ d7roBpd<^ oo^ero. e^w Se Kal tcl p^ep^ov
Oecopcov iirl fxev ttj hiavoia, KaO^ rjv eaTpcuTevaev,
Tjyoi/jirjv dv avTov u^lco^ ho^aaOrjvai eVtot?, otl
Zeij^i €L7], eVt Be ttj ^vyfj KaKoSaifjuoveaTaTov
dvOpcoTToyv viT€i\fr^(^a' el yap ev X^P^^^ '^^^
'EiW'^vcov direOave, Ti<; puev dv \6ycov Xa/jLTrpoTepcov
'^^icoOrj ; TW 3' dv fiel^co Ta^ov iirearjjLLijvavTO
"EXXt^z^c? ; dycovla S* ev6ifkio<; kclI dycovla fiovcrt/cr)
t/? ovk dv eV avTW eTeOr] ; el yap M-eXi/cepTUL Kal
TlaXal/iove^ /cal UeXoyjr iTrrjXvTrjf; AvSo^, 01 fiev
€Ti TTyoo? p^cL^(p d7ro6avovT€<;, Se Tyv ApKaStav Te
Kal TTjv ^ApyoXiSa Kal ttjv eVro? laOfiov SovXfo-
adfievo^;, €9 Oetav /mvij/jiijv viro tmv FjXXyvcov
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
him. And tlie king by way of insult answered him : chap.
"" Your very question is wortliy of a slave^ never- ^^^^
theless I will answer it : a man who runs away is not
only a slave but a bad one to boot^ and his master
would never run away from him^ when he can if he
likes both torture and card him." "In that case/'
said Apollonius^ "^ O king^ Xerxes has been proved
out of your mouth to have been a slave of the
Athenians^ and like a bad slave to have run away
from them ; for when he was defeated by them in the
naval action in the Straits, he was so anxious about
his bridge of boats over the Hellespont that he fled
in a single ship." " Yes^ but he an3'how burned
Athens with his own hands/' said the king. And
Apollonius answered : '^' And for that act of audacity,
king, he was punished as never yet was any other
man. For he had to run away from those whom he
imagined he had destroyed ; and when I contemplate
the ambitions with which Xerxes set out on his
campaign, I can conceive that some were justified in
exalting him and saying that he was Zeus ; but when
1 contemplate his flight, I arrive at the conviction
that he was the most ill starred of men. For if he
had fallen at the hands of the Hellenes, no one
would have earned a brighter fame than he. For to
whom would the Hellenes have raised and dedicated
a loftier tomb ? What jousts of armed men, what
contests of musicians would not have been instituted
in honour of him ? For if men like Melicertes and
Palaemon and Pelops the LA'dian immigrant, the
former of whom died in childhood at the breast,
while Pelops enslaved Arcadia and Argolis and the
land within the Isthmus, — if these were commemor-
ated by the Greeks as Gods, what would not
301
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
Cap. ^jpOrjaav, rt ovk av iirl 'Bip^rj e^yevero vii avhpo)V
aaTTa^o/jievcov re dpera^; (pvaec.Kal eiraLvov avrcov
r)yov/jL€V(ov to eiraLvelv ov<i vcKcoaiv ; "
XXXII
CAP. Tavra rov ^AttoWcovlov Xeyovro^ 69 Sd/cpva
dirrj^dr] 6 ^aaiXev^i, kul, " w (^tXrare," elirev,
- ' o'lov^ avhpa<^ eppn-jveveL*^ fiot 701)9 '^EXX?;^'a9 elvacJ'
" iToOev ovv, CO iSaaiXev, ^aX67rc59 7r/309 avTov<i
€lx^^ y " " BiafidXkovcnvr eiTrev, " co ^ive, to
' EjWtjvwv <yevo^ ol e^ AlyuTTTOV (poLTMVTCf; evTavOa,
<j<^d^ piev avToi)^ lepov<i Te Kol ao(f>ov<i diro^aivovTe^i
Koi vopLoOeTa'^ Ovaicjv t€ /cat t€\€T(ov, o7roo"a9
vopLi^ovaiv ol "^\\rjv€(;, eKeivov^ he ovBev vyi6<;
elvai (pd(TK0VT€(;, dXX' v^pLaTd<; t€ koi ^vyK\v8a<;
Kol dvapydiav irdaav koX pLvdo\6yov<; koI TCpaTO-
\070u9, fcal 7revT)Ta<^ p.6V, ivSei/cpvpLevov^; Be tovto
ov)(^ 0)9 aepLvov, dW virep ^vyyvcopLr]^ tov KXeTTTeiv,
gov he dKoixov TavTa fcal 07ra)9 <f)iXoTip,OL re fcal
'^prjaTOi elai, airevhopLat t€ Xolttov 7069 '^Wrjai,
KOL hihcopLi avT0i<; eiraivelaOai re utt' e/xoi) kcu
ev'x^eaOal pue virep 'KXX'^vcov 6 ti Svvapuii /cat tov<;
AlyvTTTiov<; utt' ipuov dTriaTelaOai." 6 Be ^\dp^a<;,
" Kdyd)^^ e(f)7], " o) ^aaiXev, eyuyvcoaKov, otl <jol tcl
S)Ta Siecj)Oop€v vTTo Twv AlyvTrTLCov TOVT(ov, Siyeiv
Be VTTep 'F^XXijvcop ovBev, ecrr' av ^upL^ouXov ^ tolov-
Tov TV)(r)<;, aXX' eirel ^eXTicov yeyova<; vii dvBpb<;
^ So Olearius : Kaiser ^viJi&6\ov.
302
LIFE OF APOLLONILS, BOOK III
have been done for Xerxes by men who are bv chai\
nature enthusiastic admirers of the virtues, and ^^^^
who consider that they praise themselves in praising
those whom they have defeated ? "
XXXII
These words of Apollonius caused the king to chap.
burst into tears, and he said : " Dearest friend, in what ^^^^^
an heroic light do you represent these Hellenes to Jjlcant"^
me."
Why then, O king, were you so hard upon and blames
them ?" " The visitors who come hitlier from Egypt, si^nLiirs
O guest," replied the king,
malign the race of
Hellenes, and while declaring that they themselves
are holy men and wise, and the true law-givers who
fixed all the sacrifices and rites of initiation which are
in vogue among the Greeks, they deny to the latter
any and every sort of good quality, declaring them to
be ruffians, and a mixed herd addicted to every sort
of anarchy, and lovers of legend and miracle mongers,
and though indeed poor, yet making their poverty
not a title of dignity, but a mere excuse for stealing.
But now that I have heard this from you and
understand how fond of honour and how worthy the
Hellenes are, I am reconciled for the future to
them and I engage both that they shall have my
praise and that I will pray all I can for them, and
will never set trust in another Eg^^i^tian." But
larchas remarked : " I too, O king, was aware that
your mind had been poisoned by these Egyptians ;
but I would not take the part of the Hellenes until
you met some such counsellor as this. But since
you have been put right by a wise man, let us
303
FLAVIDS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ao(f)Ov, vvv fiev i)ixlv t) TavToXov (fiiXortjcyla
TTLveaUo) KUi KauevowfJiev ol a ')(^pr] vvKTcop
airovSacrai, Xoycov Se '^WrjvtKMV, TrXelcTTOL B^
ovTOt Tcov /car dvOpcoTrov^;, i/nrXijaa) ae Xolttov iyo)
')(aipovTa, oTTore dcpLKOio.^^ koX afia i^rjp-^e rol^
^v/jLirorat^; tt/jcoto? e? rrjv (j^takTjv kvtttcov, rj Be
eiTOTL^ev l/cavM<i Travraf;, to yap va/jua d(f)06va)<;
iireSlBov, KaOdirei Brj T0t9 TrrjyaiOL^; dvaScSo/xevotf;,
eirie t€ Kal 6 ^AttoXXcovlo^;, virep yap (^lX6t7]to^
'Il^Sot? TO TTOTOV TOVTO €Vpi]raL. ITOiOVVTaL Be
avTOV olvo')(oov TdvraXov, eireiBri (^iXt/cicoTaTO?
dv6p(OTT(ov eBo^ev.
XXXIII
CAP. IliWTa? Be avTOv^; eBeParo rj yv evvac^, a? avrri
YYYTTT Sill I
AAAlll ^ ^ >^C>^^J-/>/ '^ V
vireaToppv. eirei oe vv^ [lecrr] eyevero, Trpcorov fiev
dvaaTdvT€<; rrjv aKrlva /jberecopoL v/jLvrjcrav, axnrep
iv rfj fjLe(Trjp./3pia, elra tw ^acnXel ^vveyevovTO,
OTToaa iBelro. TrapaTV^elv fjuev ovv tov AttoXXoo-
Viov oU iaTTOvBaaev 6 /SaaiXevf; ov (prjaiv o Adfii<;,
oteaOac B^ avrov irepl tmv t?)? dp')(fj<^ diroppi^Twv
rrjV ^vpovalav TTeTroirjcrOaL. 6vcra<; ovv ci/xa ijpiepa
irpoarjXOe tw ' AttoXXwvlw Kal eKdXet iirl ^evia e?
rd ^acTiXeia, ^rjXcorbv diroirep.ylreLV (pdaKcov 69
EXX7;ya9, Be eirr)vei fjiev ravra, ov jjltjv eiriBcoaeLV
ye eavTov ecpaaKev dvBpX pn^Bev op^ouo, Kai aXXft)9
304
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
now ])r(K'eed to quaff the good cheer provided by chap.
Tantalus, and let us sleep over the serious issues ^'^-^^'
which we have to discuss to-night. But at another
time I will fill you full with Hellenic arguments, and no
other race is so rich in them, and you will delight in
them whenever you come hither." And forthwith
he set an exam})le to his fellow-guests by stooping
the first of them all to the goblet, which indeed
furnished an ample draught for all ; for the stream
refilled itself plenteously, as if with spring waters
welling up from the ground ; and Apollonius also
drank, for this cup is instituted by the Indians as a
cup of friendship ; and they feign that Tantalus is
the wine-bearer who supplies it, because he is
considered to have been the most friendly of men.
XXXIII
And when they had drunk, the earth received chap.
them on the couches which she had spread for them ; ' ^
but W'hen it was midnight they rose up and first refuses the
they sang a hymn to the ray of light, suspended ^j^^^ °^^^
aloft in the air as they had been at midday ; and then hospitality
they attended the king, as long as he desired.
Damis, however, says that A})ollomus was not
present at the king's conversation with them,
because he thought that the interview^ had to do
with secrets of state. Having then at daybreak
offered his sacrifice, the king approached Apollonius
and offered him the hospitality of his palace,
declaring that he would send him back to Greece an
object of envy to all. But he commended him for his
kindness, nevertheless he excused himself from
305
VOL. I. .X
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ifKeio) '^povov uTTohi"! fidv rov clkoto^ ala^vveadai
TOL'9 oIkol (piXov; vTrepopdaOaL Sofcovvra^;. clvtl-
/SoXecv Se tov ^acnXeco^ (pdcTKOvrof;, /cat avekev-
6ep(o<; 7]8r} 7rpocrfC6L/jL€vov, " ^aaiXev^,^^ '^^V^ "raTret-
vorepov avrov irepl o)v alrel hiaXe'yop.evo'^ ein^ov-
Xevei" irpoaeXOodv ovv 6 *ldp')(^a<;, " dScKcl'^"
elirev, " o) ^acnXev, rov lepov oIkov, aTrdycov
ivdevhe dvhpa d/covra, fcal aXX&)9 twz/ Trpoytyva)-
(TfcovTcov ovTO<; cov oiSe TrjV ^vvovaiav avTa> ttjv
7rpo<; ere firj iir d'yaOco rw eavrov iao/jievrjv, tcro)?
Be ovS^ avTW aoL ')(pr}aT6v ri e^ovaav.^^
XXXIV
CAP. 'O fjiev 8r) Karrjei e? ttjv kco/xtjv, o yap OeafMo^
TMV (Toc^odv ov ^vve')(cop€L TW /SacTiXel ^vvelvai
ac^idtv VTrep pbiav rj/jiepav, o Be ldp^a<^ TTyOo? rov
dyyeXov, ** koI Ad/jbLvT sIttg, " tcov Sevpo diroppriTcov
d^Lovp^ev Kol rjfcirco, tmv Be dXXcov i'mp.eXov ev tjj
KoopLTj^ 'II9 Be dcpLfcero, ^vvil^rjaavTe^, coairep
eloiOeaav, ^vv€')(^copovv tw AttoXXcovlo) epcordv,
7]P€t6 re eK tlvcov ^vj/celaOat, rov Koapov 7)'yolvTO,
01 be e<paaav, e/c (iroL^eLwv. puoiv, ecpr], rer-
TapoDV ; ov rerrapcov, ecfyrj iap-^a(}, aXXa
Trei^re." " koI tl aV," e(f)7j, " irepbirTov yevoiTo
irapd TO vBcop t€ koI tov depa /cat jrjv yrjv koI to
306
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
inflicting himself upon one with wliom lie was on no chap.
sort of equalit}' ; moreover, he said that he had ^^^^'^
been longer abroad than he liked, and that he scrupled
to give his friends at home cause to think they were
being neglected. The king thereupon said that he
entreated him, and assumed such an undignified
attitude in urging his request, that ApoUonius said :
" A king who insists upon his request in such terms
at the expense of his dignity, is laying a trap."
Thereupon larchas intervened and said : " You
wrong, O king, this sacred abode by trying to drag
away from it a man against his w'ill ; and moreover,
being one of those who can read the future, he is
aware that his staying with you w^ould not conduce
to his own good, and would j:)robably not be in any
way profitable to yourself."
XXXIV
The king accordingly went down into the village, chap.
for the law of the sages did not allow a king to be xxxiv
V, ith them more than one day ; but larchas said to Jeach^hat
the messenger : " We admit Damis also hither to the cosmos
our mysteries ; so let him come, but do you look ^'^ ^ ^^^
after the rest of them in the village." And when
Damis arrived, they sat down together, as they were
wont to do, and they allowed ApoUonius to ask
questions ; and he asked them of what they thought
the cosmos was composed ; but they answered : " Of
elements." "Are there then four ? " he asked. " Not
four," said larchas, "but five." "And how can there
be a fifth," said ApoUonius, "alongside of water and air
307
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. TTvp; " " alOi]pr elirev,
ov iaelodai xph jeveatv
OeMV ehai, ra fiev yap rov depo'^ eXKOvra Ovyjra
iravTU, TCL 8e rod alOepo<; aOdvard re koI Oela.
iroKuv ripero, tl tcov aroix^ioyv irpoiTOV ykvoiTO, o
Se 'Idpxa^, " ofioO:' e<^??, " iravra, to yap ^a)ov
Kara /xipo^ ov Tt/CTera^." "^wovj' ecprj, " r,yMpat
rhv Koaixov/' " >> 7^," e</)7;,
vyim yLyvd)(TKrj^,
avTo^ yap i^cpoyovei iravra
" OrjXvv, elirev,
" avTov KaXcjfiev r/ tt}? dpaevo'^ re Kal dvTLKei-
/jiivr)^ (pvo-em ; " " d/jL(f)OLvr €(f)V, " avro^ yap avrw
^vyyiyv Qfievo^ ra /at^t/oo? xe Ka\ irarpo^ e? Tr]v
t^Moyoviav irpdrTSL, epcord re eavrov IcJX^^ 6epp.o-
repov rj erepov tl hepov, 09 dp/jLorrei avrov Kai
^vvi(TT7]aLV direLKo^ Be ov8ev eavTM ^v/icpveaOat.
fca\ ioairep %ei/C)ft)i/ re Kal ttoSmv epyov ireTroLrjraL
Tj rod ^a)ov KivT](7i^ Kal 6 iv avTM vov<;, vcj) ov
oppLci, ovTco<; i)yd)fi€da Kal ra pLeprj rod Koap^ov Sid
Tov eKeivov vovv iiTLT^heia irapkx^LV aura rois
TLKTOfievoL^ T€ Kal Kvovp.evoi<; irdai. Kal yap -ra
-rrdOT) jd ef ai^XA^^^ ^oiToyvra Kard rov eKeivov
(j)oiTa vovv, eireiSdv eKireo-ovaa 1) Slkj] tcov
dv9pd)7rcov artyLtw? TrpdrTT), TTOip^aiveTai re %€i/)t
ov p^id Tohe TO ^wov, dWd TroXXott? Te Kal
dpp/jTOL^;, aU X/^^^Tat, dxaXlvcoTov p.€v Bid p.eyeOo<;,
evqviov Se KiveiTat Kal evdywyov.
308
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 111
and earth and fire ? " " There is the ether/' repHed chap.
the other^ " which we must regard as the stuff of ^^^^^
which gods are made; for just as all mortal creatures
inhale the air^ so do immortal and divine natures
inhale the ether." Apollonius again asked which
was the first of the elements^ and larchas answered:
"All are simultaneous, for a living creature is not
born bit by bit." "Am I/' said Apollonius, " to
regard the universe as a living creature?" "Yes/'
said the other, " if you have a sound knowledge of
it, for it engenders all living things." "Shall I
then," said Apollonius, "call the universe female, or
of both the male and the opposite gender?" "Of
both genders," said the other, " for by commerce with
itself it fulfils the role both of mother and father
in bringing forth living creatures ; and it is possessed
by a love for itself more intense than any separate
being has for its fellow, a passion which knits it
together into harmony. And it is not illogical to
suppose that it cleaves unto itself ; for as the move-
ment of an animal is obtained by use of its hands
and feet, and as there is a soul in it by which it is
set in motion, so w^e must regard the parts of the uni-
verse also as adapting themselves through its inherent
soul to all creatures which are brought forth or
conceived. For example, the sufferings so often
caused by drought are visited on us in accordance with
the soul of the universe, whenever justice has fallen
into disrepute and is disowned by men ; and this
animal shepherds itself not with a single hand only,
but with many mysterious ones, which it has at its
disposal ; and though from its immense size it is
controlled by no other, yet it moves obediently to
the rein and is easily guided.
309
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XXXV
CAP. ** Kal TrapdSeLy/jLa fxev ovk olK 6 tl apKeaei t«
\07ft) /jLCyLdTO) T€ OVTL Kol TTpOaCO ivVOLa<;, VTTO-
K6iaO(o Se vav^i, oiav Klyvirnot ^vvTidevT€<; e? rrjv
OaXarrav rrjv rj/jieSaTrrjp d(f)idaiv, dycoyifxcov
IvSiKMV dvTLScS6vT€<; AlyvTTTia' Oea/jLov yap
TToXaLov irepl ttjv 'Kpvdpdv 6Vto9, ov PaaiXev^
^EjpvOpa<; ivofjiiaev, ore t^9 ^aXarT?/? eKeivr^q VPX^y
/jLUKpu) puev ir\oi(p fMrj iaifXelv e? avrrjv KlyvirTiov^,
arpoyyvXr) 8' av puid vtjI ')(^prja9ac, aocpl^ovrai
irXolov klyvirTioi irpo^ woWd tmv irap erepot^;,
KoX 7rapa7r\€Vpd)aavT€<; avrb dppboviaL<^, oiroaai
vavv ^vvccTTdai, tol')(oi<; re viTepdpavTe<; koI laro)
Koi TTr)^dpbevoL 7r\eiov<; ol/aa(;, oia^ lirX tmv aeXp^d-
Tcov, TToWol puev KV^epvi)TaL t^? veS)^ TavT7}<; viro
TO) TTpea^vrdro) re koI (T0(j)(OTdTq) TrXeovat, ttoWoI
Be Kara irpwpav dp')(^ovTe<=; dpicrroL re koX Be^iol
vavTUi Kol 7rpb(; larla 7r7j8d)VTe<;, eari Be tl tt}?
veo)^ TavT7](; koI oTrXcrevov, 7rpo<; yap tou? koXttl-
Ta9 l3ap^dpov<;, ot ev Be^td rod eairXov Kelvrai,
TrapaTdrTeaOat Bet ttjv vavv, ore Xrji^ocvro avrr)V
eTTLTTXeovre^;. rovro r)ycop.eOa Kal irepl rovBe rov
Kocrpiov elvai, Oe(opovvre<; avrov irpo^ ro rrj<;vavri-
Xta? o"^r]fjLa, rrjv /xev yap Bij irpcorrjv Kai reXecora-
rrjv eBpav drroBoreov Oeo) yeveropi rovBe rov fwou,
310
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
XXXV
" And the subject is so vast and so far transcends chap.
our mental powers, that I do not know any example
adequate to illustrate it ; but we will take that of a of°tiie^"^°"
ship, such as the Egyptians construct for our seas ^^^^ ^^
and launch for the exchange of Egyptian goods
against Indian wares. For there is an ancient law in
regard to the Red Sea, which the king Er\i:hras laid
down, when he held sway over that sea, to the effect
that the Egyptians should not enter it with a vessel
of war, and indeed should employ only a single mer-
chant ship. This regulation obliged the Egyptians
to contrive a ship equivalent to several at once of
those which other races have ; and they ribbed the
sides of this ship with bolts such as hold a ship
together, and they raised its bulwarks and its mast to
a great height, and they constructed several compart-
ments, such as are built upon the timber balks which
run athwart a ship, and they set several pilots in this
boat and subordinated them to the oldest and wisest
of their number, to conduct the voyage ; and there
were several officers on the prow and excellent and
handy sailors to man the sails ; and in the crew of
this ship there was a detachment of armed men, for
it is necessary to equip the ship and protect it against
the savages of the Gulf that live on the right hand
as you enter it, in case they should ever attack and
plunder it on the high seas. Let us apply this
imagery to the universe, and regard it in the light of
a naval construction ; for then you must apportion
the first and supreme position to God the begetter
of this animal, and subordinate posts to the gods
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XXXV ""^^ ^i^'^^ ^'^^
ri ^^ot<;, o'cTa/.c6prj avroO Kv^epvwcji,
/cat TMV rye TTocrjTMv ciTToSexM/LieOa, eireihav ttoXXov^
l^ev^ (j>d(TK(i)aiv iv tm ovpavw Oeov^ elvai, ttoWov?
06 iv OaXdrrrj, iroWov^ Be iv iTTj'^/ah re koI vdfiao-t,
7ro\\ov<^ 8e Trerl^ yriv, elvat he koI vtto yijv
T^m?. Tov 8e VTTO yi]v toitov, elirep iariv, iiretSr)
cjipucwSy avTov Kal (fiOapTLKov oSovaiv, dTroTaTTCo-
fJiev TOV tcoGixovT
XXXVI
XXXVI ^ TaOra rov '\vhov BieXdovro^, eKireaelv o AayL6^?
eavrov (fipatv vn ifCTrXyj^eco^, fcal dvafiof](7ai /leya,
firj yap av irore vo/iiaac civSpa 'IvSbv 69 touto iXd-
erat yXcorrr}^ 'EXXdSo^, pL7]8' civ, el-rrep ttjv yXoyr-
rav r)7Ti(TTaT0, roarjSe evpoia Kal copa hieXOelv
Tavra. iiratvel Be avrod Kal /3Xe/xpa fcal pLeiBiapa
KaiTo p,7] dOeel BoKelv i/c(f)epeiv rd^ Sofa?. rSv
Toi ' AiToXXwviov evaxvf^ovw^ re Kal dfoipfjTl rol<;
Xoyot<; XP^\f^^vov 6>oJ9 iiriBovvai fierd tov IvBbv
^ovTov,^ Kal oTTov KaOij/j^evo'^ BiaXeyocTO, Oapid Be
TOVTO eirpaTTe, irpoaeoLKevaL tw 'Idp^a.
XXXVII
XXXVII , '^'^cX't-veadvTfiiv^ Be t&>v dXX(ov iTpo<; rr; (jiwvfi tA
eip7]p.eva, irdXiv 6 ' KiroXXoovio^ rjpeTO, iroTepa ttjv
OdXaTTav fiei^co rjyolvro rj ttjv yrjv, 6 Be "Idp^a^,
.■^12
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 111
who govern its parts ; and we may Avell assent to the chap.
statements of the poets,, when they say that there -^^^^
are many gods in heaven and many in the sea, and
many in the fountains and streams, and many round
about the earth, and that there are some even under
the earth. But we shall do well to separate from the
universe the region under the earth, if there is one,
because the poets represent it as an abode of terror
and corruption."
XXXVI
As the Indian concluded this discourse, Damis chap.
says that he was transported with admiration and
applauded loudly ; for he could never have thought applauds
that a native of India could show such mastery of i^^"'^'^'^'*
the Greek tongue, nor even that, supposing he
understood that language, he could have used it with
so much ease and elegance. And he praises the
look and smile of larclias, and the inspired air with
Mhich he expressed his ideas, admitting that Apollo-
nius, althougli lie had a delivery as graceful as it was
free from bombast, nevertheless gained a great deal
by contact with this Indian, and he says that when-
ever he sat down to discuss a theme, as he very often
did, he resembled larchas.
XXXVII
As the rest of the company praised no less the chap.
contents of larchas' speech than the tone in which xxxvii
he spoke, Apollonius resumed by asking him, which ^fl^^^^^
they considered the bigger, the sea or the land ; and earth
FLA VI us PHILOSTRATUS
xxxvir " ^\ ^^^ '^^^'^ '^^^ OaXarrav" €<^r},
t) 77) elzeTat^oiTO,
fieil^wv earai, tiiv yap OdXarrap avrrj exet, el Se
irpo^ iraaav ryv uypav ovalav Oewpolro, iJttw rifv
yrjv airocfyaLvoiixeOa civ, /cal yap eKeivi]v to vhop
<p6p€L.'^
XXXVIII
xxxviii ^^'^cc^^ ^e TO)v Xoy^z^ rovrmv ^lararat toI<^
ao(f)OL<; 6 dyy6\o<=! 'iv8ov<; dy^v acoT7}pia<; Seo/aevov^.
Kal TTapTjye yvvatov Ifcereuov virep iraLSo^i, ov €(f>a(7fC€
fi€v eKKalheKa err) yeyovkvai, haipLovdv Be Svo er?;,
TO 8e rjOo^ Tov Baipuovo^ etpwva elvat Kal yjrevarrjp.
epop,evov Si rivo^ rcov ao(l)cbv, oiroOev \eyoi ravra,
" TOV 7Tat8b<; tovtov," e^r],
ttjv oyjnv evTrpeirea-Te-
pov oWo? Salp^cov epa, Kal ov ^vyx^copel avTw vovv
exeiv, ovBe e? StBaaKaXov ^ahiaai ea rj rofoTOf,
ovBe OLKOL elvai, dXX! eV ra eprjua tcov ^copicov €k-
TpeTrei, Kal ovBe Tr)v (^(.ovr)v 6 irah Tr]v eavTov eyei,
aXKa IBapv (pOeyyeTai, Kal KoTkov, coo-irep oldvBpe^,
PXeireL Be eTepoL^i 6^6a\pbol<; fidXkovrj toI<; eavTOv.
KaycD p.ev eirl tovtol^ KXdo) re Kal epLavTrjv BpvTTTO)
Kal vovOeTO) tov vlov, oirdaa elKo^, Be ovk olBe
p£, BiavoovfjLevr}<; Be puov ttjv ivTavOa oBov, tovtI
Be irepvai Bievo^Orjv, e^yyopevaev 6 Baifiayv eavTov
VTTOKpCTrj 'xpco/iievo'; tm iraiBi, Kal BrjTa eXeyev elvat
p,ev etBcoXov dvBp6<;, 09 iroXep^o) Trore direOavev, diro-
Oavetv Be epcov t/;9 eavTOv yvvaiKo^;, eirel Be //
314
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
larehas replied : " If the land be compared with the chap.
sea^ it will be found to be bigger^ for it includes the ^^^^ii
sea in itself; but if it be considered in relation to
the entire mass of water^ we can sJiow that the earth
is the lesser of the two^ for it is upheld by the
water."
XXXVIII
This discussion was interrupted by the api)earance chap.
among the sages of the messenger bringing in certain "
Indians who were in want of succour. And he iJa°s a"^"
brought forward a poor woman who interceded in demoniac
behalf of her child, who was, she said, a boy of
sixteen years of age, but had been for two years
possessed by a devil. Now the character of the
devil was that of a mocker and a liar. Here one of
the sages asked, why she said this, and she replied :
" This child of mine is extremely good-looking, and
therefore the devil is amorous of him and will not
allow him to retain his reason, nor will he permit
him to go to school, or to learn archery, nor even to
remain at home, but drives him out into desert
places. And the boy does not even retain his own
voice, but speaks in a deep hollow tone, as men do ;
and he looks at you with other eyes rather than M'ith
his own. As for myself I weep over all this, and
I tear my cheeks, and I rebuke my son so far as I
well may ; but he does not know me. And I made
up my mind to repair hither, indeed I planned to do
so a year ago ; only the demon discovered himself,
using my child as a mask, and what he told me was
this, that he was the ghost of a man, who fell long
ago in battle, but that at death he was passionately
315
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP 'yvv'q irepl Tr)v evvrjv v^ptae rpiTaiov Keifjiivov ja-
pbrjOeiaa erepco, fiiarjaai fxev i/c tovtov to yvvaiKMv
ipdv, /jL€Tappvy}vaL 8e €9 rov iralha tovtov. vit-
icr^v€LTO Be, el /jlt) Sta/BdWoifjLL avTov tt/jo? v/jid^;,
Scoaetv T6t) iraiSl ttoWcl eaOXa koL cv^aOd. iyo)
p.ev hrj eiraOov tl 7rpo<; TavTa, o 8e Sidyec fjLeiroXvv
V^V XP^^'^^ ^^^^ '^^^ ifiov oIkov e^et /jLovo^;, ovSev
pbeTptov ovSe dXyOe^; (ppopcov." rjpeTo ovv o <70<po<;
iraXiv, el TrXrjcriov elrj 6 iral^, rj Se ovk €(f)rj, iroWa
fiev yap vrrep tov cicptKecrOaL avTov irpd^ai, "a S'
diretXet /cpr}fivov(; koI /SdpaOpa /cat airoKTevelv jjlol
tov vlov, el hiKa^oifJbrjv avTw Sevpo. " Odpaei,
€(f)7} 6 (70(f)6<;, " ov yap drroKTevel avTov dvayvov<;
raOra," Kal Tiva e7ri<TT6\r)v dvacnrada^ tov ko\-
TTOV eScoKe ttj yvvaiKi, eireaTaXTo Se dpa rj iiri,-
aToXr) TTyOo? TO ecScoXov ^vv aTreikfj kul eKirXrj^ei,
XXXIX
CAP. Kat jJLr^v Ka\ ^wXeuwiv t^? d(f)i/ceTO, yeyovco^; pcev
XXXIX yry / ,/ ^/ ?>V/) V?>'
1)07] TpiaKovTa €T7], XeovTcov oe U7]paTr]<; oeiVG(;,
ijjb'TTeTTTWKOTO'^ he avToj \eovTO<i a)\La67]Kei tov
yXovTov Ka\ tov (TKe\ov<; eTepu)*; ^I'X'^v. aW ai
Xetpe<; avTO) KaTay\ro)aai tov yXovTov, €9 opOovTov
/3aStVyLtaT09 veavLas ■^XOe. Kal ocfyOaX/jbco Se t/9
ippv7jK(jd<; dirrfkOti ttclv e'X'^v to iv avTol^ <^W9, f<a\
516
LIFE OF APOLLONILS, BOOK III
attached to his wife. Now he had been dead for chap.
only three days when his wife insulted their union by -^^-^^i"
marrying another man, and the consequence was
that he had come to detest tlie love of women, and
had transferred himself wholly into this boy. "But he
})romised, if I would only not denounce him to your-
selves, to endow the child with many noble blessings.
As for myself, I was influenced by these promises ;
but he has put me off and off for such a long time
now, that he has got sole control of my household,
yet has no honest or true intentions." Here the sage
asked afresh, if the boy was at hand ; and she said
not, for, although she had done all she could to get
him to come with her, the demon had threatened
her with steep places and precipices and declared
that he would kill her son, "in case," she added, "" 1
haled him hither for trial." "Take courage," said
tlie sage, " for he will not slay him when he has read
this." And so saying he drew a letter out of his
bosona and gave it to the woman ; and the letter, it
appears, was addressed to the ghost and contained
threats of an alarming kind.
XXXIX
There also arrived a man who was lame. He chap.
already thirty years old was a keen hunter of lions ; ^^^^-^
but a lion had sprung upon him and dislocated manheaied
his hip so that he limped with one leg. However
when they massaged with their hands his hip, the
youth immediately recovered his upright gait. And
another man had had his eyes put out, and he went cure of a
away having recovered the sight of both of them, ^^^^d '"^n
3 ^7
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. a\Xo(i T7JV X^^P^ dBpavr)<; cov, eyKparrj^; ft)^6T0.
yvvr/ Be ti<; eTrra r)hr} yaarepa*; BvaTOKovaa Beofii-
vov virep avTrji; TavBpoq a)Se Iddr]' rov dvhpa e/ce-
Xevtreu, eTreiBav tlktyj tj yvvrj, Xayoyv viro /coXirq)
^Mvra eac^epeaOat ov tlktcl, koX TrepteXdovra avTr)v
acpeivac o/iov rov Xaycov, crvvefcSoOrjvai yap av tw
e/bL^puo) T^^» [XTjTpav, el /ir] 6 Xayax; avriKa e^eve-
XL
CAP. naT/009 3' av tlvo<; etVoi^ro?, &)? yevoivro /lev
XL
avTw iralBe^, diroOdvocev Be 6/jLOv tw dp^aadaL
olvov iTiveiv, vTToXa^oov elirev 6 'la/^^a?, *' Kal
ySeXxtoy? aTTodavovTe^ eyevovro, ov yap dv Bce-
(f)vyov TO fXTj fjLavrjvat, Oepp^orepcov, ax; (paiverai,
airep/jbdrcov (j)vvTe<;. otvov fiev ovv d<p€/cTeov toI<;
ef vfioiv, d)<; Be fjir)Be 69 eTTiOv^iav irore otvov Kara-
aratev, elooi irdXiv iraiBlov yevouo, yeyove Be
ejSBo/jLTjv rj/jLepav, d)<; opo), Trjv yXavKa Tr)v opviv
y^prj e7n(f)vXdTreLV, ov veorrevei, Kal rd cod cnrd-
aavra Bovvac jjuacrdaOai tw (3pe^eL av/jLp,eTp(o<i
eyjrovra, el yap jSpwaerai tl tovtcov, irplv otvov
yevaerai, fxlao^; avrcp irpo'^ rov olvov efKpvcreraL,
Kal acocfypovearara BiaKeiaerai, /jlovov ^vyKCKpa-
/jLevo<; Tov ev rfj cpvaec depfxov.^
l^ovrcov ovv €/jL7rc7rXd/jLevoL Kal to 1)9 dvBpa<^ €k-
318
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
Yet another man had his liand paralysed, but left chap.
their presence in full possession of the limb. And a
certain woman had suffered in labour already sev'en paralytic
times^ but was healed in the following way through
the intercession of her husband. He bade the inan^ Of a
whenever his wife should be about to bring forth her n^eans"o/a
next child, to enter her chamber carrying in his live hare
bosom a live hare ; then he was to walk once round
her and at the same moment to release the hare ;
for that the womb would be expelled together with
the fcetus, unless the hare was at once driven out.
XL
And again a certain man who was a father said chap.
that he had had several sons^ but that they had '
died the moment they began to drink wine. larchas whoTied
took him up and said: "Yes, and it is just as ^,1^™"^'^
well they did die, for they would inevitably have wine
gone mad, having inherited, as it appears, from their
parents too warm a temperament. Your children,"
he added, " must therefore abstain from wine, but in
order that they may be never led even to desire wine,
supposing you should have another boy, and I per-
ceive you had one only six days ago, you must care-
fully Avatch the hen owl and find where it builds its
nest ; then you must snatch its eggs and give them to
the child to chew after boiling them properly ; for if
it is fed upon these, before it tastes wine, a distaste
for wine will be bred in it, and it will keep sober by
your excluding from its temperament any but natural
warmth."
With such lore as this then they surfeited
319
PLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
^i^' TrXrjTTo/iievot, t% 69 Trdvra aocpla^ 7Ta/jL7r6Wov<;
6(Tr)/jLepai Xoyov^ rjpcorcov, ttoXXol'? Be Ka\ avrol
l^pcOTCOVTO.
XLI
CAP
XLI '^V^ /^^^ ^^^ 8La\€/CTifC7]<; ^vvovaia^ a/jL(fiO) /xer-
el'^ov, ra? he d7roppi]TOV<; airovhaq, al<; dcrrpiKrjv
rj [lavTeiav Karevoovv koI rrjv irpoyvcocriv eairov-
Sa^OV, 6v(Ji6)V T€ YjTTTOVTO Kol /cX7]Cr6G)V, ttl? Oeol
')(aipovaL, fiovov cf^rjalv 6 Aa/xi? rov ^ KiroWwvLov
^Up,(j)LX0(T0(j)(:LV T(p ^Idp'^U, KoX ^Vyypd'^aL /JL6V
eKeWev irepl /j,avTeia<; darepwv j3iP\ov<; rerrapa'^,
MV Kol M.otpay6V7]<; iirefivrjaOrj, ^vyypd^^ai Be irepl
OvcrtMV KoX ct)9 civ rt? eKdarcp Sew 7Tpoa(f)6p(o<; re
Kol K€^apio-/jLevco<; 0vol. to, fiev Br] tcov darepcov
KOI TTjv T0iavT7]v fjLavTtKTjv TTciaav virep rrjv
dvOpcoTreuav r^yovfiai (pvacv, koI ovS el KeKT7]Tai
Tt9 olBa, TO Be irepl Ovglwv ev 7roX\ol<; fxev lepol^
evpov, ev TroXXat? Be iroXecn, itoWoI<^ Be dvBpcov
aocpMV oticoL^ i Kal TOiy^ dv t^? epfirjveooL avro, aefivoi';
^vvreray fxevov /cat Kara ttjv ^%ft) tov dvBpo<;.
(p7)(Tl Be 6 Adfjbi<; Kol BaKTv\iOV<; evrra rov ^Idp^av
^ Kayser reads : kol ti 6.1/, which is unintelligible.
320
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
themselves, and they were astonished at the many- chap.
sided wisdom of the company, and day after day they ^^^
asked all sorts of questions, and were themselves
asked many in turn.
XLI
Both Apollonius and Damis then took part in the chap.
interviews devoted to abstract discussions ; not so " '
with the conversations devoted to occult themes, in work "on"
which they pondered the nature of astronomy or '^strai
"•^ "^ diviiiRtioii
divination, and considered the question of fore- mentioned
knowledge, and handled the jiroblems of sacrifice ^^Lne^J^
and of the invocations in which the gods take
pleasure. In these Damis says that Apollonius
alone partook of the philosophic discussion together
with larchas, and that he embodied the results in
four books concerning divination by the stars, a
work which Moiragenes has mentioned. And
Damis says that he composed a work on the way to
offer sacrifice to the several gods in a manner
suitable and pleasing to them. Not only then do I His work on
regard the work on the science of the stars and the ^*^'"^*^®
whole subject of such divination as transcending
human nature, but I do not even know if anyone has
these works ; but I found the treatise on sacrifices
in several temples, and in several cities, and in the
houses of several learned men ; moreover if anyone
who should translate ^ it, he would find it to be a
grave and dignified composition, and one that rings
of the author's personality ? And Damis saj'^s that
^ In Bk. IV. ch. 19, we are told that this book was
written in the Cappadocian tongue. Hence the need of
translation.
321
VOL. I.
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. TW 'AttoXXcovlo) hovvau tmv eirra eirayvvfiov^
^^^ adTepwv, 01)9 <^opelv rov 'AttoWmviov /cut a eva 7r/>09
TCL ovo/JLara tmv 7]fjLepMV.
XLII
XLII
CAP. Ylepl Be TTooyvcocreG)'; \6yov avroU irore oVto?,
Kul Tov AttoWmvlov 7rpocrK€ifi€VOV rrj aocpia
ravry, koI ra? 7r\€L0v<; tmv BiaXe^ecov e? tovto
^vvT€LvovTO<;, iiTaLvcov avTov 6 'Itt/)%a9, " ol
IxavTiKfiT ecpT), *' %at/)ot'T€9, w xprtare 'AiroXKoiVie,
Oeloi re vir' avrri^ jtyvovrai koL 7r/909 a-MTTjpLav
dvOpcoTTCov TrpaTTOvac. to yap, a XPV ^'*? ^^^0
a(f)Lfc6fjL€Vov evpeaOai, ravra av, o) %p^o-Te, e'</)'
eavTOV TTpoLSeaOat Trpoeiirelv re hepoL^, a firjTrco
laaac, iravoXlBiov Tivo<^ '))yov^aL kol ravrov
laxvovTO^ T& 'AiToWcovL Tft) Ae\(pLKq). iirel Be 17
Te%i^?7 Tot'9 €9 ^€01; (poLTMVTa^ iirl tw XRV^o^aOai
KaOapov^ KeXevei l3ahi^ovTa<; (jyoiTuv, rj " e^iOt rov
j/6a>" 7r/?09 avTOv^ ipel, hoKel ^loi koI tov TTpoyvw-
(TOfJLevov avSpa vjlco<; eavTOv e%eii^, zeal fMrjTe KrjXlSa
TrpoafiepbdxOai Ty ^rvxv M^efilav, fMrJTe ov\d<;
d/jLapTr]/jLdTO)v evT€TV7rcoa6ai tj} yv(Ofirj, KaOapm
Be avTov 7rpo(f)7]TeveLV eavTOV fcal tov irepl tw
(TTepvw TpLTToBo^ GVVLevTa' ryeycovoTepov yap ovto)
/cal d\r]6e(TT€pov tcl Xoyia eKBcoo-et. 66ev ov XPV
Oavfjid^etv, el real av ttjv e7naTrifir]V ^vvei\r)<i>a<;
ToaovTOV ev ttj '^vxfj <i>ep(i)v aidepa.
322
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
larchas gave seven rings to Apollonius named after chap.
the seven stars, and that Apollonius wore each of ^^^
these in turn on the day of the week wliich bore its
name.
XLII
As to the subject of foreknowledge, they j)resently chap.
had a talk about it, for Apollonius was devoted to this ^^^^
kind of lore, and turned most of their conversations divination
on to it. For this larchas praised him and said : ^^ the
" My good friend Apollonius, those who take
pleasure in divination, are rendered divine thereby
and contribute to the salvation of mankind. For
here we have discoveries which we must go to a
divine oracle in order to make ; yet these, my good
friend, we foresee of our unaided selves and foretell
to others things which they know not yet. This
I regard as the gift of one thoroughly blessed and
endowed with the same mysterious power as the
Delphic Apollo. Now the ritual insists that those
who visit a shrine with a view to obtaining a
response, must purify themselves first, otherwise
they will be told to " depart from the temple."
Consequently I consider that one who would fore-
see events must be healthy in himself, and must
not have his soul stained with any sort of defile-
ment nor his character scarred with the wounds
of any sins ; so he will pronounce his predictions
with purity, because. he will understand himself and
the sacred tripod in his breast, and with ever louder
and clearer tone and truer import will he utter his
oracles. Therefore you need not be surprised, if you
comprehend the science, seeing that you carry in
your soul so much ether."
323 •
V 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XLIII
CAP. Kal ')(^api€VTt^6/JLevo<; a/jua irpof; rov Ad/jLiv, " au 3'
ovSev, e(j)rj, " irpoyLyvojaKeL^;, ^ Xaavpie, koX ravra
^vvcov avopi TOLOVTW ; vr) At , eiire, ra <ye
ifiavTW avafyKola' iireLhr] yap Trpcoro) iverv^ov tw
AttoWcovlw TOVT(p, KoX cro(/>ta9 fioi eho^e irXico'^
SeivoTTjTOf; re koX cruxPpocrvvy]^; fcal rod fcaprepelv
6pOa)<;, eirel he fcal /jLvr/p^ocrvvrjv ep avro} elBov,
TToXv/jLaOecTTarov re Kai (piXofia6ia<;i]Trco,8aL/j,6vi6v
n fxoL iyevero, /cat ^vyy €v6fievo<i avrq) ao(f>o^ fxev
(pr)6r]v So^etv i^ ISlcotov re Kal aaG(f>ov, ireiraLhev-
/ji€vo<; Se eK j^ap^dpov, eTrofievo^ Se avrcp Kal
^vaTTovSd^cov oyjreo-Oai fiev 'lvSov<;, 6-\jr€adaL Be
vp^d^, ' EXX'^;c^t t£ emp^i^eLV ' EXX971; vir avrov
yevopLevo^. ra puev Srj ypberepa ire pi p^eydXcov ovra
AeXcpov^i rjyelaOe Kal AcoSoovtjv Kal 6 ri jBovXeade,
rd/xa Si, eVeiS^ AayLti? p,ev o TrpoyiyvcoaKoyv avrd,
TTpoycyvcoaKei S' virep avrov puovov, ypao^ earo)
dyvpTpia^; p>avr€vop.€V7](; virep Trpo^arlcov Kal rayv
TOLOvrcov.'^
XLIV
CAP. *E7rl TOVTOL<i pbev Srj iyiXaaav ol crocj^ol 7rdvT€<;,
KaTa(7TdvT0<; Be rov yeXa)TO<; eiravriyev o ldp')(^a<^
• 324
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
XLIII
vVnd with these words he turned to Damis and chap.
said playfully :
And you, O Assyrian, have you no
foreknowledge of anything, especiall}' as you associate premon-
with such a man as this ? " " Yes, by Zeus," answered itif»"s
Damis, " at any rate of the things that are necessary
for myself: for when I first met with Apollonius
here, he at once struck me as full of wisdom and
cleverness and sobriety and of true endurance ; but
when I saw that he also had a good memory, and
that he was very learned and entirely devoted to
love of learning, he became to me something
superhuman ; and I came to the conclusion that if I
stuck to him I should be held a wise man instead of
an ignoramus and a dullard, and an educated man
instead of a savage ; and I saw that, if I followed
liim and shared his pursuits, I should visit the
Indians and visit you, and that I should be turned
into a Hellene by him and be able to mix with the
Hellenes. Now of course you set your oracles, as
they concern important issues, on a level with those
of Delphi and Dodona and of any other shrine you
like ; as for my own premonitions, since Damis is the
person who has them, and since his foreknowledge
concerns himself alone, we will suppose that they
resemble the guesses of an old beggar wife foretelling
what will happen to sheep and such like."
XLIV
All the sages lauglied of course at this sally, and chap.
when the laughter had subsided, larchas led back the ^^"^^
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. €9 Tov irepl tt}? fjLavTLKTj^ \6yov, koI ttoWcl jxev
avrrjv ayaOa eXeye tou? avOpcoirov^ elpydaOaL,
jJueyidTOv he to rrjf; laTpt/crj<; hoipov ov yap av
TTore T0f9 (TO(f)ov<; A(7K\7]7rid8a<; e? eTTLarrujur^v
TOVTOV irapekOelv, el fir] 7ral<; 'AttoXXwz/o? ^Aa/cXi]-
TTto? yevo/jievo^, /cat Kara ra? eKeivov cpijfia<; re
Kal /jiavT€ia(; ^vvOeU ra Trpoacpopa ral^; v6aot<;
(papfiaKa, iraLcn re eavTOv 7rape8o)fce, Kal rov<;
^vv6vTa<; eSiSd^aro, rtW? piev Set irpoadyetv 7r6a<;
vypol<; eXKeai, riva^ he av'Xp.Tjpol^; Kal ^rjpoU,
^vpbp.eTpia<; re iroTiiiwv <^app.dKwv, vcp^ wv vBepoi
diToyeTevovTaL, Kal alp,a layeTai, (pOoat re irav-
ovrat Kat ra ovrco KoTXa. Kal ra tmv lo^oXwv
he CLKTi Kal TO TOt? lo^6XoL<^ avTol<; e? 7roX,Xa to)v
voarjp^dTcov 'X^prjaOaL Ti<; d^aiprjaeTaL ttjv fiavTL-
Krjv ; ov yap puoi SoKovatv avev Trj<; irpoytyvo)-
aKovarj<; (TO^La<^ Oaparjcrai iroTe avOpwiroi tcl
irdvTwv oXeOpicoTaTa (papfidKcov eyKaTapZ^ai tol<;
aco^ovaiv.
XLV
CAP. 'ETrel Be Kal oSe 6 X6yo<; dvayeypaTTTau tm Ad-
fjuihi, (TTTovhaadel^ eKel irepl tmv ev \vhol<; puvOoXo-
yovp,ev(i)V O'Tipicov Te Kat Trrjycov Kat avdpwTTfov,
/A?;^' ep.ol irapaXenreaOw, Kal yap KepSo^; av eir)
/jti]Te TTiaTeveiv, p^rjTe dinaTelv irdaiv. rjpeTO yap
8r) 6 ^A7roXX(ovio<;, " eciTi ti ^^ov evTavOa ptapTi-
326
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
argument to the subject of divination^ and among chap.
the many blessings Avhich that art had conferred ^^^
upon mankind, he declared the gift of healing to be and "'^ ^°"
the most important. " For/' said he, "the wise sons medicine
of Asclepius would have never attained to this
branch of science, if Asclepius had not been the son
of Apollo ; and as such had not in accordance with the
latter' s responses and oracles concocted and adapted
different drugs to different diseases ; these he not
only handed on to his own sons, but he taught his
companions what herbs must be applied to run-
ning wounds, and what to inflamed and dry wounds,
and in what doses to administer liquid drugs for
drinking, by means of which dropsical patients are
drained, and bleeding is checked, and diseases of
decay and the cavities due to their ravages are put an
end to. And who," he said, " can deprive the art of
divination of the credit of discovering simples which
heal the bites of venomous creatures, and in particular
of using the virus itself as a cure for many diseases ?
For I do not think that men without the forecasts of
a prophetic wisdom would ever have ventured to
mingle with medicines that save life these most
deadly of poisons."
XI.V
And inasmuch as the following conversation also chap.
has been recorded by Damis as having been held ^^^
upon this occasion with regard to the mythological mytMcal
animals and fountains and men met with in India, I 'mimais of
must not leave it out, for there is much to be gained
by neither believing nor yet disbelieving everything.
Accordingly Apollonius asked the question, whether
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. '^6pa<; r ^e'layo^a?, "/cat rtVa," ecj)?]/' (pvcnv rov
^a>ov TOVTOV r}Kov(ja<^ ; et'/co? yap /cal irepX eihov<;
avTOv Ti XeyeaOaL.
" Xeyerat," eiTre, " /leydXa
KOI aTrtara, Terpdirovv pev yap elvat avro, Trjv
Kec^aXrjv he dvOpoiirw elfcdaOai, Xeovri 8e copoico-
aOai ro p,€yeOo<;, rrjv Se ovpav rov Orjpiov rovrov
7rri')(yaia<^ i/ccfyepeiv Kal d/cavOcoSei.^ Ta<; ryot^^a?, a?
/SdXXetv coairep ro^evp^ara e'9 tol/? OrjpwvTa^ avroT
epopukvov Se avrov /cal irepl rov ')(^pvaov vSaTO<;, 6
(paaiv i/c 77777% ^Xv^etv, Kal irepl tt}? 'y^rjc^ov Trj<;
direp rj payvvfTLf; iroLOvarj^;, dvOpcoTrcov re iiiro yrjv
OLKovvTcov Kal TTvypalcov av Kal dKiairohwv, vtto-
Xa^cov 6 ^\dp')(^a<;, " irepl p-ev ^cocov rj ^vtmv^ elirev,
- rj iTTjyoiv, (bv auTo? evravOa 7]kcov ei^e?, tl dv ctol
\eyoLpLL ; aov yap j^St] vvv i^rjyelaOaL avrd krepoi^'
OrjpLOv 3e TO^evov rj ')(^pv(JOV Trrjydi; vSaro^ ov7T(o
ivravOa rjKovaa.
XLVI
^^r\ *' Ylepl puevTOi rr}<^ -^ijcpov r/}? i7na7rcop,€vrj<i re
Kal ^vvSov(n]<; eavrfj \lOov<; erepa's ov y^prj dTriarelv
earL ydp croi Kal Ihelv ttjv \lOov, Kal Oavpdaai rd
ev avTT] irdvra. ycy veraL pev ydp r) peyiarrj Kara
ovv^a SaKrvXov rovrov,^' hei^a^ rov eavrov dvri-
■yeipa, " KvidKerai he ev yfj koiXt] pdOo^; opyvtal
rerrap€<;, roaovrov he avrfj Trepieari rov irvev-
^28
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK 111
there was there an annual called the man-eater chap.
{maHichoras) ; and larchas replied : " And what have "^^^
you heard about the make of this animal ? For it
is probable that there is some account given of its
shape." "There are," replied Apollonius, "tall
stories current which I cannot believe ; for they say
that the creature has four feet, and that his head
resembles that of a man, but that in size it is
compar^le to a lion ; while the tail of this animal
jiuts out hairs a cubit long and sharp as thorns,
which it shoots like arrows at those who hunt it."
And he further asked about the golden water which
they say bubbles up from a spring, and about the
stone which behaves like a magnet, and about the
men who live underground and the pigmies also and
the shadow-footed men ; and larchas answered his
questions thus r " What have I to tell you about
animals or plants or fountains which you have seen
yourself on coming here ? For by this time you are
as competent to describe these to other people as I
am ; but I never yet heard in this country of an
animal that shoots arrows or of springs of golden
water.
XLVI
" However about the stone which attracts and chap.
binds to itself other stones you must not be sceptical ; ^^^^
for you can see the stone yourself if you like, and pc^atarhe
admire its properties. For the greatest specimen is ^*°"®
exactly of the size of this finger nail," and here he
pointed to his own thumb, " and it is conceived in a
hollow in the earth at a depth of four fjithoms ; but it
is so highly endowed with spirit, that the earth swells
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. /jLaTO<i, ft)9 vTTOiSeiv Tr)v yrjv kol Kara iroWa
pTjyvvaOai KVLafco/jievT]^ iv avrfj t?)? XiOov. fxa-
(TTevcrai he avrrjv ovSevl e^eariv, airohthpaaKeL 'ycip,
ei firj fxera Xoyov avaaircpTO' aXs! rjpiel^ jjlovol to.
fiev SpdaavT€<^, ra Se elirovre^ avaipovfieOa tt^v
TTavrdpffrjv ovofia yap avrfj rovro. vvKTWp [xev
ovv Tjixepav dvacfyaivet, KaOdirep to Trvp, eart yap
TTVpar) Ka\ aKTivcoSrj'i, el Se fie6^ rjfiepaif opcpro,
^dWei TOf? 6(f)9a\/jbovs /lap/jLapvyal'^ [ivpiaL'^. ro
Be iv avrfj (pai<; irvevfid eariv dpprjrov la'^vo<;, irdv
yap ro e'lyyi;? eairoLel avrfj. n Xeyo) rb iyyv<;;
eari aoL XiOov^y oiTO(Ta<^ jSovXei, Karairovroxjai
rroL ?; rwv irorafJuSiv i) rij^; OaXdrrrj^;, Kal /jLtjBc
€77^9 dXXrjXcov, dXXd a7ropdSas fcal q)<; erv^^ev,
7) Se €9 avra's H:a0L/j.7]Oelaa, ^vXXeyerai rrdaa^; rfj
rod TTvevfiaro'^ SiahocreL, Kal viroKeiaovrai avrfj
porpvhov at XWot,, KaOdirep (t/jl7Jvo<;.'^
XLVII
CAP. Kal eliToov ravra eBec^e rrjv XiOov avrrjv re Kal
oTTocra epya^erai. rov^ be 7rvy/jLaiov<; oiKeiv fiev
vTroyelov^;, KelaOai he virep rov Tdyyijv, ^wvra^
rpOTTOv 09 rrdaiv etprjrai-, aKLdiroha^ he dvOpco-
TTov^ Tj /jLaKpoKe(f)dXov(; rj onoaa ^KvXaKo<; ^vy-
ypa(j)al irepl rovrcop ahovaiv, ovre dXXoae iroi jSio-
reveiv ri)^ yr^s ovre /jLtjv ev Yvhol's,
33Q
LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK III
and breaks open in many places when the stone is chap.
conceived in it. But no one can get hold of it. for it
runs away, unless it is scientifically attracted ; but we
alone can secure, partly by performance of certain
rites, and partly by certain forms of words, this
pantarbe, for such is the name gi\ en to it. Now in the
night-time it glows like the day just as fire might,
for it is red and gives out rays ; and if you look at it
in the daytime it smites your eyes with a thousand
glints and gleams. And the light within it is a spirit
of mysterious power, for it absorbs to itself everything
in its neighbourhood. . And why do I say in its
neighbourhood ? Why you can sink anywhere in
river or in sea as many stones as you like, and these
not even near to one another, but here there and
everywhere ; and then if you let down this stone
among them by a string it gathers them all together
by the diffusion of its spirit, and the stones yield to
its influence and cling to it in a bunch, like a swarm
of bees."
XLVII
And having said this he showed the stone itself chap.
and all that it was capable of effecting. And as to ^^
the pigmies, he said that they lived underground, pi^ies
and that they lay on the other side of the Ganges
and lived in the manner which is related by all. As
to men that are shadow-footed or have long heads,
and as to the other poetical fancies which the
treatise of Scylax recounts about them, he said that
they didn't live anywhere on the earth, and least of
all in India.
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XLVIII
xi'vnr '^^^ ^' opVTTOVGi ')(^pV(7ov ol ypV7r€<;, irerpai eicrlv
olov aTTLvOrjpGLV ecFTL'yp.evaL rac<; rov ')(^pvaov
paviaiv, as XiOoropel to Orjpiov tovto tji tov pd/jL-
^ou? la-)(yi. to, 'yap drjpia ravra elvai re iv
^\vhol<; Koi l€poiJ<; vop,i^e(j6ai tov 'YiXiov, TeOpnTTrd
T€ avTMv VTTO^evyvvvaL Tot9 dydXpaat tov<;
TOV
¥i\iov iv lv8ol<^ ypdcpovTW^, /xeyeOof; re
Kal dXKTjv el/cdcrOai avTov<; rot? Xeovaiv, vtto Be
TrXeove^laf; to)v TTTepcov avTOi<; re €/c€lvoi<; eVirt-
OecrOai, Kai tcov iXecf^dvTcov Be /cat BpaKovTcov
vTrepTepov<=; eJvai. ireTOVTat Be ovirco p^eya, dXTC
oaov ol ^pa')(y7ropoi 6pvi6e<^, p.rj yap eTTTtXcoaOai
a(j)d<i, ot)9 opviai irdTpiov, dXX^ vfieai tov^; Tapaov<^
v(f)dvOai 7rvp(T0L<=i, co? elvat /cv/cXd)aavTa<; TreTeaOai
Te Kal eK fieTecopov p,d')(e(j6ai, Tr)v Tiypiv Be avTol<;
dvdXcoTov elvai p,ov7]Vf eTreiBt] to Td^o<; avTrjv
eairoiel TOt<; dvepoi'^.
XLIX
CAP. Kat TOV (f)Oivi/ca Be tov opviv tov Bia irevTa-
Koalcov €T(ov €9 AiyviTTov rjKovTa, ireTeaOaL fxev ev
Trj ^IvBiKT) TOV ')(p6vov TovTov, elvai Be eva, e/cBiBo-
/levov Twz^ uKTivcdv Kal '^(pvcrM Xd/jLTTOVTa, jJueyeOo'^
deTov Kal eiBo<i, e? KaXidv Te i^dveiv tyjv €k tov
dpcopaT0<i 7roiovp.evT]v avTfp Trpo<^ Tai<; tov NetXof
irriyal^. a Be hlyviiTioi irepl avTOv aBovaiv, w?
€9 AtyvTTTOv <f)epeTai, Kal ^IvBol ^vp,papTvpovai,
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
XLVIII
As to the ffold which the m-ifiins dia; up, there are chap.
c5 r^ -^ XT VTTF
rocks which are spotted with drops of gold as with
sparks, which this creature can quarry because of the griffins
strength of its beak. " For these animals do exist in
India/' he said, " and are held in veneration as being
sacred to the Sun ; and the Indian artists, when they
represent the Sun, yoke four of them abreast to draw
the images ; and in size and strength they resemble
lions, but having this advantage over them that they
have wings, they will attack them, and they get the
better of elephants and of dragons. But they have
no great power of flying, not more than have birds
of short flight ; for they are not winged as is
proper with birds, but the palms of their feet are
webbed with red membranes, such that they are
able to revolve them, and make a flight and fight
in the air ; and the tiger alone is beyond their
powers of attack, because in swiftness it rivals the
winds.
XLIX
^^ And the phoenix," he said, "is the bird which visits chap.
Egypt every five hundred years, but the rest of that ^ '
time it flies about in India ; and it is unique in that ph
it gives out rays of sunlight and shines with gold, in
size and appearance like an eagle ; and it sits upon
the nest which is made by it at the springs of the Nile
out of spices. The story of the Egyptians about it,
that it comes to Egypt, is testified to by the Indians
333
oenix
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. 7Tpo(TahovT€<; Tc3 \6<yo) TO Tov (f)OLVLfca rov ev ry
XLIX ^«/' f rf f'«
KaKia TrjKOfjLevov TrpoTrefXTTT^jpLov^; vfivov^ avTco
aSeiv. TOVTi Se /cat tou? KVKvov<i (f)aaL Spdv ol
ao(f)Ci)Tepov avTMv aKovovTe<^.
CAP. Tofat^e pev at 7rpo<; tou? (TO(f)ov<; ^uvovaiai
AttoWcovup eyevovTO p,7]vcov rerrdpcov eKel Siarpt-
■yjravTL, /cat ^vWa^ovri \6yov<i (f)av€poi)<=} re /cal
aTTopprJTOv; 7rdvTa<i, eVet Se e^eXavvecv e/SovXero,
TOV puev r^yepova koX ra? Kap.r]\ov<i irelOovaLv
avTOV diro'KepL'\\rai tm ^pacoTj} p,€T eTr^crroX?;?,
avTol 8e rjyep.ova eTepov /cal Kap.rjXov's hovTe^
TrpoeTTepbTTov avTov, €v8aLpovi^ovT€<; avTov^ tg
KOLKelvov. cKTiraadpievoL he tov ^AttoWcoviov /cal
Oeov Tot9 7roWo2<; elvai So^etv ov TeOvecoTa p,6vov,
aWa /cal ^covTa (pijaavTe^;, avTol p.ev vireaT pey^rav
€9 TO (ppOVTLaTJJpLOV, ilTLaT pec^OpLGVOt TTpO^ TOV
dvSpa /cal 87]\ovvt€<^, otl d/covT€<; avTov aTraWaT-
TOVTai' he WttoWcovio^ ev he^id puev tov Tdyyrjv
e'X^cov, ev dpicTTepa 8e tov "TcfiaaLV KaTTjei errl ttjv
OdXaTTav r/puepcov SeKa oSov dirb tov lepov oy^dov.
/caTLovac B avTol^ iroXkal p.ev cFTpovOol i(f)aLvovTO,
TToWol 8e dypioL /3o69, ttoWoI he ovol /cal XeovT€<;
/cal TraphdXet^i /cal Tiypei^;, /cal Tridij/ccov yevo^
eTepov irapa tov^ ev Tal<; TreTrepicn, p,eXave<; Te yap
/cal Xdaiot, rjaav /cal to, eihrj Kvvecoi /cal ap.L/cpoi<;
dvOpcoTTOLt; Xgoi. hiaXeyopievoi he irepl tcov opw-
pLevcov, oiTola elooOecrav, dcfyl/covTO eirl ttjv OdXaT-
Tav, ev jj KaT€cr/ceva(TTO ep^iropia pLi/cpd, /cal irXola
334
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
also, but the latter add this touch to the storV;, that cHaP.
the phoenix which is being consumed in its nest ^^^^^
sines funeral strains for itself. And this is also
done by the swans according to the account of those
who have the wit to hear them.
In such conversations with the sages ApoUonius chap.
spent the four months which he })assed there, and ^^
he acquired all sorts of lore both profane and ^^'^s^the'"^
mysterious. But when he was minded to go on liis Brahmans
way, they persuaded him to send back to Phraotes
with a letter his guide and the camels ; and they
themselves gave him another guide and camels, and
sent him forth on his way, congratulating both them-
selves and him. And having embraced ApoUonius
and declared that he would be esteemed a god by
the many, not merely after his death, but while he
was still alive, they turned back to tlieir place of
meditation, though ever and anon they turned to-
wards him, and showed by their action that they
parted from him against their will. And ApoUonius
keeping the Ganges on his right hand, but the
Hyphasis on his left, went down towards the sea a
journey of ten days from the sacred ridge. And as
they went down they saw a great many ostriches,
and many wild bulls, and many asses and lions and
pards and tigers, and another kind of apes than
those which inhabit the pepper trees, for these
were black and bushy-haired and were dog-like in
features and as big as small men. And in the usual
discussion of what they saw they reached the sea,
where small factories had been built, and passenger
335
FLAVILJS PHILOSTRATLIS
CAP. 3e €v avrol^ copfjuei TropOfiela TrapaTrXijata rot*?
Tvpp7)voL(;. ri]v 8e OdXarrav rrjv ^KpvOpav elvat
jjbev KvavwTdTTjv, MvofidaOai Se, &>? elirov, aTTO
^pvdpa ^aaiXeco^;, 09 eirwvoixaaev eavrov eKeivco
Tft) TreXdyec.
LI
LI
CAP. ^KvravOa tjkcov ra? fiev KapbrjXov^^ d^Te^^efJb^^e tu>
^Xdpya fier eViCTToX^*
" ^AiroXXcovLo^; 'Jdp^a /cal to?9 erepot? ao(f>ol'^
'XjCLipeLv.
d(f)L/co/jiev(p /jLoc ire^fj 7rpo<; vfjia<; SeSco/care Tr)V Od-
Xarrav, dXXa Kal aocpia^; tt}? iv vfitv KOivcovrj-
(Tavres SeScoKare Kal Bid rov oupavov TropeveaOai.
/jL6p.V7]ao/jLac rovrcDV Kal irpo^;' ^XXr}va<i, kolvcovtjctco
re Xoycov &)? irapovaiv v/jlIv, el p,7] fidrijv eiriov rov
TavrdXov. eppcoaOe dyaOol (j)cX6ao(l>oi"
LII
CAP. AuT09 ^€ e7n^d<; veoo^ iKOfil^ero Xeiw Kal evcfyopo)
TTPevfiart, Oavfid^cov ro aro/ia rov TcpdacBof^, a)9
(f)o^epa)<; 8l avrov iK')(elrar reXevroiv ydp, 0)9
€(f>7]v, €9 'X^copia rrerpcoSr] Kal areva Kal Kprj/ivov^;
eKTTLTrrei, Bl mv Karapprjyvv<; 69 rrjv OdXarrav evl
aropari yaXeiTO'^ BoKel ro2<i dyav rfj yfj
TrpoaKeL/JLevoL^.
336
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
ships rode in them resembling those of the Tyrrlienes. chap.
And they say that the sea called Erythra or " red "is ^
of a deep blue colour^ but that it was so named from
a kin«: Ervthras, who oave his own name to the sea
in question.
LI
Having reached this point, Apollonius sent back chap.
the camels to larchas together with the following '^^
If-ttpr • ApoUoniu.-"
^^^^^^ • farewell
letter to
'^ Apollonius to larchas and the other sages larchas
greeting.
" I came to you on foot, and yet you presented me
with the sea ; but by sharing with me the wisdom
which is yours, you have made it mine even to travel
through the heavens. All this I shall mention to
the Hellenes ; and I shall communicate my words
to you as if you were present, unless I have in vain
drunk the draught of Tantalus. Farewell, ye
goodly philosophers."
LII
He then embarked upon the ship and was borne chap.
away by a smooth and favourable breeze, and he was ^^^
much struck at the formidable manner in which the
Hyphasis discharges itself into the sea at its mouth ; The mouth
for in its later course, as I said before, it falls into Hyphasis
rocky and narrow country and over precipices, and
breaking its way through these to the sea by a single
mouth, presents a formidable danger to those who
hug the land too closely.
337
VOL. I. Z
FLA VI us PHILOSTRATUS
LIII
Lin Kal fxrjv koI to tov ^Ivhov GTOfia IBetv (pacri,
ttoXlv he eV avTOV fcelaOai UdraXa TreplppVTOv
TO) 'IvSo), 69 fjv TO vavTLKov TOV ' AXe^dvhpov
eiOelv, u> vavapxov eTTLTeraxOai Neapxov ovk
dyv/jLvao-TOV rrj^i OaXarriOV Td^€0)<;. aSe Op0a-
ryopa irepl t?}? 'EpvOpd^; €Lp7]TaL, kol otl fi7]T€ t)
dpKTO^ iv avrfi (^aivotro, firire ayfialvoiVTO^ rrjv
p.€(Tfiril3piav ol irXeovje^, oi -re liTihr)\oi TOiV aare-
pa)v i^aWdrTOiev t?)? eavTcov Tafeo)?, hoKsl Kai
Ad/jLiBi, Kol XP^ TTidTeveLV vyiM^ re Kai Kara
TOV 6K€l ovpavov elprjaOaL ravra. /jLvr]fiov€uov(TL
Kai vrjaov puKpa^;, y ovofia elvai Bl^Xov, ev r)
TO ToO /cojx^^^^ov p^ejedo^ /cat ol p^ve<; oarpea re
Koi rd Toiavra hefcairXdaia tmv 'EWtjvlkmv to
fieyeOof; ral^ irerpaL^; irpoairec^vKev. dXiaKeTaL he
/cal XlOo^ eKel p^apyaph ev oarpdKcp Xev/cco KapUa^;
TOTTOv exovcra rco oarpe(p.
LIV
CAP. KaTao-^eti^ ^e (^aai kol t'? UyydSa^ tT]^^ tmv
^^'^' "apetTcov %wpa9, ol he 'VtpelraL, xaX/cal p.ev avroc^
al Trerpat, X^'^'^V ^^ V 'fdfip.o^, x^Xfcovv heyfryrypa
ol TTorap^ol dyovat. pvalriv he yyovvrai Tr]v XTF
hid TTjv evyeveiav rod ^^aX/cof).
338
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
LIII
They say, moreover, that they saw the mouth of chap.
the Indus, and that there was situated on it the city ^^^^
of Patala round which the Indus flows. It was to Pa^ia^ *^*
this city that the fleet of Alexander came, under the
command of Nearclms, a highly trained naval ca}itain. Nearchus
But as for the stories of Orthagoras about the sea orthatroras
called Erythra, to the eff'ect that the constellation of
the bear is not to be seen in it, and that the mariners
cast no shadows at midday, and that the visible stars
there vary from their usual positions, this account is
endorsed by Damis ; and we must consider it to be
sound and based on local observations of the heavens.
They also mention a small island, of the name of The isle
of Bibln?
Biblus, in which there is the large cockle, and where
there are mussels and oysters and such like organisms,
clinging to the rocks and ten times as big as those
which we find in Greece. And there is also taken
in this region a pearl in a white shell, wherein it
occupies the place of the heart of the oyster.
LIV
And they say that they also touched at Pegadae in chap.
the country of the Oreitae. As for these people, ^^^'
they have rocks of bronze and sand of bronze, and the of the"^ "^'^
dust which the rivers bring down is of bronze. But oreitae
they regard their land as full of gold because the
bronze is of such high quality.
339
z 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
LV
CAP. ^aal Be fcal rot? 'lxOvo<f)dryoi<; evrvxe'iv, ok tto-
'-'■ Xlv elvai ^ro/Bvpa, hc^Oepa^ hi tovtov^ hri^Oai
/jL€yiaT(ov IxOvcov, KaX ja Trpo/Sara ra eKeivr} ix^v-
coSt; elvat Kal (j^ayelv droira, tou9 yap Troifieva^
l36aKeLV a{jTk tol^ IxOvcnv, ^airep ev Kapia roj?
a{jKOL<;. Kap/xavol he 'IvBol yevo^ Vf^epov evix^v
ovTco vefiovrai OakaTTav, a)9 M^ arroOerov^
iTOieladai Toh, Ix^v^, M^e, cl^airep^ %F^T
TapiX^veLV, aXX' oXiyov^ fiev avrojv airobiboaUat,
TOv<i he TToWov^ aaTraipovra^ aTTohbovai rrj
Odkdrrrj,
LVI
CAP. UpocTTrXevcTai (j)aaL koI BaXdpoi^, ifxiropiov he
^^^ elvai rd BdXapa fieaTOV fivppLv^v re fcal c^olvlkc^v,
Kai hd^va^ ev avT& Ihelv Kal TrrjyaUhiappeiaeaL
TO x^^P^ov. Ki]iTOL he oTToaoL rpcoKTol fcat OTTOCrOi
dvOewv KTiTTOL, /3pv€LV ttUTO, fcal Xtfievu^ fxeaTOv<;
yaX7]pr]<; ev avru) elvat. irpofcelaeai he tov x^'^P^ov
rovTOV vrjcTOV lepdv, ^v KaXelaOaL leXi]pa, /rat,
(Trdhia fiev eKarov elvai rw iropOfiw, vr^pipha he
olfcelv ev avrfj heivrjv haiaova, ttoXXou? yap rcov
7rXe6vTG)v dpirdl^eLV, Kal jii]he Tat9 vavcl ^vyx^^peiv
TrelcTfia eK Tr]<i vrjaov ^dXXeaOat.
340
LIFE Oft APOLLOXIUS, BOOK III
LV
And they say that they came across the people chap.
called the Fisli-eaters^ whose city is Stobera ; and
they clothe themselves in the skins of very large ichthj--
fishes^ and the cattle there taste like fish and eat ^phagi
extraordinary things ; for the shepherds feed them
upon fish, just as in Caria the flocks are fed on figs.
But the Indians of Carman are a gentle race, who
live on the edge of a sea so well stocked with fish,
that they neither lay them in by stores, nor salt them
as is done in Pontus, but they just sell a few of them
and throw back most they catch panting into the
sea.
LVI
They say, that they also touched at Balara, which is chap.
an emporium full of myrtles and date palms ; and ^^'^
there they also saw laurels, and the place was well ^^g'j^r^^d
watered by springs. And there were kitchen
gardens there, as well as flower gardens, all growing
luxuriantlv, and the harbours therein were entirely
calm. But off the place there lies a sacred island,
which was called Sclera, -md the passage to it from
the mainland was a hundred stades long. Now in
this island there lived a Nereid, a dreadful female
demon, which would snatch away many mariners and
would not even allow ships to fasten a cable to the
island.
341
FLAVIUS PHILOSTR/VTUS
LVII
^^J** "A^LOV 8e fiTjSe tov irepl T779 erepa^; /jbapyaplriSo^;
TTapekOelv Xoyov, evrel /Ji7]8e AttoXXcovIw fxeipaKLOi-
St]^; eSo^ev, dWa TrXdrreraL r^Siarof; kol tmv iv ry
OaXaTTOVpyia Oav/jLacrLa)TaTO<;. rd yap rerpafi-
fieva Trj<; vrjaov 7rpo<; to TreXayo^; eaji fiev direipo'^
TTvO/xrjv OaXdTTTjs, <f>ep€L 8e oarpeov iv iXvTpw
XevKw fiearov Tr^yLteX?}?, ov8e yap XiOov (pvei ovSeva.
yaXrjvr]v Be eTTL^yXd^avTe^; koI ttjv ddXarrav
avTol XedvavTe^, tovtI he rj tov eXaiov iirippor]
irpdTTet, KUTahveTai Ti9 eVt tyjv Orfpav tov oaTpeov,
Ta fiev dXXa KaTecrKevacrfievo^, coairep ol Td<;
(jiToyytd<^ KeipovTe^, ecFTL Be avTw fcal ttXlvOX^;
aiBrjpd Kal dXd^aaTpo^; fivpov. 7rapL^7](Ta<; ovv 6
'Ii^So9 Tw o(TTpe(p BeXeap avTOv to fivpov TrotetTat,
TO Be dvoiyvvTai t€ /cat fxedveL vtt uvtov, KevTpco
Be BieXaOev diToiTTvei tov i'X,o)pa, 6 Be e/cBex^Tat
avTOV Ty TrXivOiBi TVTrov<; opcopvy/jLevrj. XiOovTat
Be TO evTevdev Kal pvOfii^eTai, KaOdirep r) (f)vaei
/jLapyapi^;, KaaTiv rj /jLapyapl<; alfia XevKov e^
epv6pd<^ tt}? 6aXdTTrj<;. eTnTiOeaOat Be ttj Srjpa
TavTT) Kal T0U9 ^Apafiiov<i (jyaalv dvTi7repa<;
oiKOVVTa^. TO Be evTevdev OTjptcoBr] puev ttjv
OdXaTTav elvat irdaav, dyeXd^eaOai Be iv avTjj
Ta K-^Ti], T<X9 ^e vav<; epvpLa tovtov KOdBwvo^opelv
KaTa TTpvfivav re Kal irpcppav, ttjv Be 7;%w
iK7rX7]TT€iv Ta Orjpia, Kal fjurj idv i/nreXd^eiv
Tat9 vavaL
342
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK III
LVII
It is just as well not to omit the story of the other chap.
kind of pearl : since even Apollonius did not regard ^^^^
it as puerile^ and it is anyhow a pretty invention, and Jghe^s*^^
there is nothing in the annals of sea fishing so
remarkable. For on the side of the island which is
turned towards the open sea, the bottom is of great
depth, and produces an oyster in a white sheath full
of fat, for it does not produce any jewel. The
inhabitants watch for a calm day, or they themselves
render the sea smooth, and this they do by flooding
it with oil ; and then a man plunges in in order to
hunt the oyster in question, and he is in other
respects equipped like those who cut off the sponges
from the rocks, but he carries in addition an oblong
iron block and an alabaster case of myrrh. The
Indian then halts alongside of the oyster and holds
out the myrrh before him as a bait ; whereupon the
oyster opens and drinks itself drunk upon the myrrh.
Then it is pierced with a long pin and discharges a
peculiar liquid called ichor, which the man catches
in the iron block which is hollowed out in regular
holes. The liquid so obtained petrifies in regular
shapes, just like the natural pearl, Avhich is a white
blood furnished by the Red Sea. And they say that
the Arabs also who live on the opposite coast devote
themselves to catching these creatures. From this
point on they found the entire sea full of wild Seals
animals, and it was crowded with seals ; and the
ships, they say, in order to keep off these animals,
carry bells at the bow and at the stern, the sound of
which frightens away these creatures and prevents
them from approaching the ships,
343
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
LVIII
9yV{. K^ara7r\€ucravT€<; Se e? ra? 6K^o\a<; rod Eu-
(Ppdrov (f)aalv e? l^a^vXwva St avrov dvairXevaai
irapd Tov OvapSdvrjv, koI tv')(6vt€<; avrov oiov
iyi'yvcoaKOV, eirl Tr]V ^Ivov ekdelv avdt^, koI rf;?
^ AvT ioyeia^; avvijOo)^ v^pi^ovari<^ fcal /jLrjSev rojv
'¥jWT]VLfC(t)v ea7Tov8aKVia<^, eVl OdXarrdv re Kara-
^rjvai Triv eirl ^eXevKctav, v€co<^ re eiTLTV^6vT€<^
TTpoairXevaaL }^v7Tpw Kara rrjv Ild(f)Ov, ov to t?}?
^A(f) po8 iT7]<; eSo?, o ^vfil3oXiK(o<i lhpvp,evov Oavfidaai,
TOV ^ AiroWdyvLov , kol TroWa to 1)9 lepew^ e? r^t'
6(7 Lav TOV lepoi) ScSa^d/jLevov, e? 'Icoviav irXevaai
Oavfia^ofievov i/cava)<^ Kai /jieydXcov d^iov/jtevov
irapd Tol^ TTjv aocpiav Ti/jLcoaiv.
344
LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK III
LVIII
And when they had sailed as far as the mouth of chap.
tlie Euphrates, they say that they sailed up by it to
Babylon to see Vardan, whom tliey found just as regains^^
they had found him before. They then came afresh ^
"^*
to Nineveh, and as the people of Antioch displayed
their customary insolence and took no interest in any
affairs of the Hellenes, they went down to the sea at
Seleucia, and finding a ship, they sailed to Cyprus
and landed at Paphos, where there is the statue of
Ajjhrodite. ApoUonius marvelled at the symbolic con-
struction of the same, and gave the priests much
instruction with regard to the ritual of the temple.
He then sailed to Ionia, where he excited much
admiration and no little esteem among all lovers of
wisdom.
345
BOOK IV
A'.
CAP. 'EttcI Be elSov rov avhpa ev 'lo)Via irapeXOovTa
€9 TTJV "E(j)€(TOV, OvSe ol jSdvaVCTOl €TC TTpO^ Tat?
iavTMV Te%z^at9 rjorav, aXX rjKoXovOovv 6 fiev
(TO^la^, 6 Be €cSov<;, 6 he SiaLTr]<;, 6 Se o-%7;/zaT09,
ol he TrdvTcov ojjlov Oav/JLaaral ovre^, Xojoc re nrepl
avTov i(j)OiT(ov, ol fiev eV tov Ko\o<j)MVt fiavreiov
Koivcdvov Trj<^ eavTOV aoj)ia<^ Kol ttTe%i/w9 ao(j)Ov
Kal ra rotavra rov dvSpa aSovre^, ol Se eV AtSv-
. ficov, ol Se eK tov irepl lo UepyafMov lepov,
7roWov<; yap tmv vyiela^; heofxevayv 6 6eo<^ eKeXevae
irpoac^oirav tm 'AiroWcovUp, tovtI yap avro^ re
^ovXeaOau Kal SoKelv rat^ MoLpat<;. ecjyolrcov Kal
irpeapelaL nTpo<; avrov Sk tmv iroXeayv, ^evov re
avTov r)yovfjbevoc Kal ^iov ^v/jif^ovXov jScDficov re
ISpvaeo)^ Kal dyaXfiaTov, 6 Se eKaara rovrcov ra
fjuev eTnareXXayv, rd he d(\)i^ea6ai <^daKWV Scoyp-
OovTO. 7rpeaf3evaafjLevr]<; he Kal T7)9 ^p^vpvii^ Kal
o TL fiev heotro ovk el'7rovor]<;, eKXiTrapovai]^ he
d(f)iKea6ai, r/pero rov irpea^evrrjv, 6 tl avrov
heoLvro, 6 he, " Ihetv,"' e^v " f<^^i^ ocpOrfvac." 6 he
348
BOOK IV
1
And when they saw our sage in Ionia and he had chap.
arrived at Ephesus, even the mechanics would not ^
remain at their handicrafts, but followed him, regain?^"^
one admirinff his wisdom, another his beauty, ^^"^^*"^,^^
•■ wclcoincQ,
another his way of life, another his bearing, some of by the
them everything alike about him. Reports also were q^IH *^*^
current about him which originated from various
oracles ; thus from the oracle at Colophon it was
announced that he shared its peculiar wisdom and
was absolutely wise, and so forth ; from that of
Didyma similar rumours emanated, as also from the
shrine at Pergamum ; for the God urged not a few of
those who were in need of health to betake them-
selves to ApoUonius, for this was what he himself
approved and was pleasing to the Fates. Deputa-
tions also waited upon him from various cities
offering him their hospitality, and asking his advice
about life in general as well as about the dedication of
altars and images ; and he regulated their several
affairs in some cases by letter, but in others he said
would visit them. And the city of Smyrna also
sent a deputation, but they would not say what they
wanted, though they besought him to visit them ; so
he asked the legate what they wanted of him, but
349
FI.AVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. 'AvroXXcoi^to?, " iKpL^ofiaL,^ elTre,
SoLrjTe Se, o)
Moi)(7ai, KOI cpacrOijvaL dWyXcouJ'^
II
CAP. Trjv /jLcv 8?) StdXe^Lv ri^v irpcort^v diro T'^9 Kprj-
TTfcSo? Tov v€a) 7r/309 Tou? ^Ecf^eorLov; Bt€\e')(^dr}, ovX
coairep oi ^coKparLKOi, dWa tmv jxev aWcov dirdycov
T€ Kol diroaTTovhd^fjov , (f)i\oao(f)La Se /movtj ^vfi^ov-
Xevcov irpoae'^eLV, Kai ctttol'S/)? i/bLTTLTrXdvai Tr)v
"E(j)€crov fidWov rj paBvfjbia^ re kol dyepco'^ta^i,
oiroarjv evpev op'^^rjarow yap rjTTrj/jLeuot Kai 7rpo<;
7rvppi')(aL<; avrol ovre^i, avXwv fjuev irdvra fieara rjv,
/jLeara Be dvBpoyvvcov, fj^eard Se ktvttcov 6 Se
KaLroL fi6Ta6€/jL6vcov T(t)v ^Rcjyeaicov Trpo? avrov ovk
r]^iov ireptopdv ravra, dW i^ypet avTa Kai Bte-
/SaWe Tot<i TToXXot?.
Ill
CAP. Ta9 Be aXXa? Sia\e^€C(; irepX rd aXai] rd iv tol<;
III
ffCTTOt? Bpo/jLOi^i €7T0LetT0, BtaXeyo/jbivDV Si irore
irepl KoivoiVia'^ Kai SiBdcrKovTO<;, on ')(^pr) rpe^eLv
T€ dW7]Xov^ Kai vir d\XrjXwv rpec^eaOai, arpov-
6ol fxev eKdOrjVTO eirl rcdv hevBpcov aiWTrcdvre^;, eZ?
he avTMV irpoaTreTOfievo^ e^oa, irapaKeXeveadai tl
350
LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK IV
lie merely said, " to see him and be seen. " So chap.
Apollonius said : " I will come, but, O ye Muses, ^
grant that we may also like one another."
II
The first discourse then which he delivered was to chap
the Ephesians from the platform of their temple, and ^'
its tone was not that of the Socratic school ; for thTion^is
he dissuaded and discouraged them from other
pursuits, and urged them to devote themselves to
})hilosophy alone, and to fill Ephesus with real
study rather than with idleness and arrogance
such as he found around him there ; for they were
devoted to dancers and taken up with pantomimes,
and the whole city was full of pipers, and full of
effeminate rascals, and full of noise. So at the risk
of estranging the Ephesians, he determined not
to wink at such things, but cleared them out and
made them odious to most of them.
Ill
His other discourses he delivered under the trees chap.
which tjjrow hard bv the cloisters : and in these he
sometimes dealt with the question of communism,
and taught that they ought to support and be ^^'^ ^P*"
supported by one another. While he was doing so
on one occasion, sparrows were sitting quite silent
upon the trees, but one of them suddenly gave
a chirp as it flew up, just as if he had some
coinniunis-
ow
351
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ooKOiv Tol<^ aWnc<;, ol he, co? imovaav, avroi re
III J / f „ , ,
av€Kpayov /cal ap6evTe<^ eirerovrG virb rw €Pi. 6
fxev Brj ^AttoWcovlo'^ ec'^^ero rov \6yov, ytyvcoaKcov
jiev, i(j) 6 Ti 01 (TTpovOol ire.TOLVTo, irpo^ he tov<;
TToWou? ov')(^ ep/jLr)vev(ov avro, iirel he ave^Xe-yjrav
e? avTOV<; irdvTe<; koX dvo7]TCt)<; evLOt reparoyhe^;
avro evofJLLdav, TrapaKXci^a^ o AiroWcovLOf; rov
\oyov, " 7r<2t9, elirev,
oikiaOev uTrdycov TTvpov<=;
ev aKacfyy), /cal KaKO)^ avrov^ ^vWe^diJievos avTo<;
fjiev aTreXijXvOe, ttoXXol'? 3' eaxehaafievov^ diroXe-
Xoiirev ev arevcoTrw rcG hecvt, 6 he arpovOo^
iraparvyjoov ovto<; irpo^evo's toI'^ dWoL<; iJKet rov
ep/jLalov KoX TTOielraL avrov'^ ^vcralrov^!
ol fiev hr/ irXelarot rodv dKpocD/jLei>cov hpofiw eVt
TovToo)^ovTO,o he 'A7roXXooi/to9 7rpo<iTov^7rap6vTa(;
hirjet Tov \6yov, ov irepl tt)? KOLvoivia<; irpovOero,
KoX erreihri d(f>LK0VT0 /Socovre^ re kol fiecTTol Oavfiar-
09, '* ol fiev crrpovOoiy ' elTvev, " opdre, ft)9 eViyLte-
Xovvrat re dX\,7]Xcov koI kolvwvlci '^(^aipovcriv, 7)fiel<;
he cvK d^iovfiev, dWa kclv KOLVcovovvra erepoi^;
ihcj/jiev, eKelvov fiev daconav kol Tpv(f)T]v kol tcl
TOiavra rjyovfieOa, tov<; he vtt avrov Tpe<f)OfjLevov<i
TrapaaiTOV^ re kol Ko\a/ca<; (pajjuev. kol tL Xolttov
aX.X' 7} ^vyK\eLcravTa<; avTOv<;, wcnrep tov<; airevo-
fievov; TU)v 6pvt6cov, ev aKoro) yacrrpL^eaOaL,
fxe-^pL^ dv heap pay 0) fiev Tra^vvofievoi;"
352
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
instructions to give to his fellows ; and the latter, on chap.
hearing it, themselves set up a ('hirj)ing and rose ^^^
and flew off under the guidance of the one. Now
Apollonius went on with his argument, for he knew
what it was that made the sparrows take wing, but
he did not explain the matter to the multitude who
were listening to him ; but when they all looked up
at the birds and some of them in their silliness
thought it a miraculous occurrence^ Apollonius
interrupted his argument and said : " A boy has
slipped who was carrying some barley in a bowl, and
after carelessly gathering together what was fallen,
he has gone off, leaving much of it scattered about
in yonder alley, and this sparrow, witnessing the
occurrence has come here to acquaint his fellows
with the good luck, and to invite them to come and
eat it with him."
Most of his audience accordingly ran off to the
spot, but Apollonius continued to those who remained
with him the discourse he had proposed to himself
on the topic of communism ; and when they returned
talking loudly and full of wonder, he continued
thus : '^ You see how^ the sparrows care for one
another and delight in communism ; but we are far
from approving of it, nay, should we happen to see
anyone sharing his own in common with others, we set
him down as a spendthrift and talk about his
extravagance and so forth, while as for those who are
supported by him, we call them parasites and
flatterers. What then is left for us to do, except to
shut overselves up like birds that are being fed up
and fattened, and gorge ourselves in the dark until
we literally burst with fat? "
353
VOL. I. A A
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
IV
CAP. Aol/jlov Se v(f>€p7rovTO<i TTjv "K(f)€aov KoX ovirco
avoihovarj^ t% voaov, ^vvrjK€ fiev o ^ATToWcoviof;
T'^9 7rpoal3oXrj(;, ^vvei<; he irpovXeye. 7roWa')(^ov re
Tcov SiaXe^ecov " w 77), /jbive ofxoia^^ koX roiavra
iirecfiOeyyero ^vv aireLXfj' " Tovahe crcofe " koI " ov
irapekevar] ivravOar ol 8' ov iTpoae'l')(ov koI
reparoXoyiav ra Tocavra wovto rocTMSe fiaXXov,
oaw KoX e? TTavra ra lepa (poLTOJV aTTorpeireiv
avTo iSoKEL Kol air€V')(€a6aL. eVei he apoijrayf;
el^ov rod 7rddov<;, eKeivoi^; fiev ovBev wero helv
eirapKelv en, rrjv he aXXrjv Icovcav Trept^et,
htopOov/jLevo^; ra Trap eKd<noi<; kol hiaXeyofJievo^
del TL (TCOTfjpiOV T0t9 TTapOVdLV.
CAP. ^A<pLKvov/jLevu> he avrSi e? rrjv ^fjuvpvav irpoaa-
TTTjVTfDv fxev 01 "lo)ve<;, kol yap erv^ov WavLctivia
Ovovre^, dvayvovf; he /cal "^rjc^tapLa ^Jwvlkov, ev
o5 eheovTO avrov KOivcovrjcraL a(f)iaL rov ^vXXoyov,
/cal ovofxaTL 7rpo(TTV')(^cov r^Kiara l(ovLfca>, Aov-
KovXXo<; ydp tc<; eireyeypaTTTo rfj yvwfir), Trefiirei
eTTiaroXrjv e? to kolvov avrcov, eirnrXri^Lv ttolov-
fievo<; irepl tov fiap^apiafiov tovtov Kal ydp
354
LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK I\
IV
A PESTILENCE was Creeping over Ephesus ; but the chap.
disease had not yet reached its full violence, before ^^
Apollonius understood that it was approaching, and pia^g^e fn*^
impressed with the danger he foretold it, and Ephesus
interspersed his discourses with such exclamations as
" O earth, remain true to thyself ! " and he added
in a tone of menace such appeals as these : " Do thou
preserve tliese men here," and " Thou shalt not pass
hither." But his hearers did not attend to these
warnings and thought them mere rodomontade, all
the more because they saw him constantly visiting-
all the temples in order to avert and deprecate the
calamity. And since they conducted themselves so
foolishly in respect of the scourge, he thought that
it was not necessary to do an}i;hing more for them,
but began a tour of the rest of Ionia, regulating their
several affairs, and from time to time recommending
in his discourses whatever was salutary for his
audiences.
But when he came to Smyrna the lonians went chap.
out to meet him, for they were just then celebrating •
the pan-Ionian sacrifices. And he there read a at^adoptTou
decree of the lonians, in which thev besoueht him to ^^ ^^^^
take part in their solemn meeting ; and in it he met Greeks
with a name which had not at all an Ionian ring, for
a certain Lucullus had signed the resolution. He
accordingly sent a letter to their council expressing
his astonishment at such an instance of barbarism;
355
2
VI
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. 87) KOX <t>a/3piKL0V KOX TOLOVTOV<; €T6pOV^ fcV T0t9
^' iyjrrjcptafjievoi^ evpev. ft)9 fJLev ovv eppcofxevo)'^ erre-
iTXr)^€, S^tjXol 7) irepl tovtov eiricFToXi].
VI
CAP. TiapeXOoiv he eir dWv^ rjfiepa^ e? TOV<;Jla)va^,
" Tt9," 6(1)7], " 6 KpaT7)p 0UT09 ; " ot he e<^>aaav,
" IlavLcovLO^
apvadp.evo<; ovv koX aiTei(ja<^, " co
Oeoir elirev,
loovcov r}yep.6v6^, Soirjje rfj KaXy
aTTOiKia ravTr] OaXdrTr) dacpaXel XPW^^^ ^^^l
p.7]Bev Tjj ryfj /cuKov fc'f auT?}? IT poaKwp.daaL, p.7)h^
Alyatayva aeidixOova invd^aL it ore ra? iroXec^;.
TOtavTa eireOeia^e Trpoopcov, olp^ai, jd xpivoi^^
varepov irepi re XfMvpvav irepi re MiX7)T0V TTcpi
T€ Xiov KoX %dp.ov Kal TToXXd^ TMV 'IdSwv ^Vfl-
^dvra.
VII
CAP. %7rov8v he opcov tov(; ^ubvpvaiov<; diravrcov
aTTTOfjievovf; Xo^cav, eTreppcovvve Kat aTTovoaiOTepovi;
eTToiei, (ppovelv re eKeXevev e</)' iavrot^ fidXXov i)
Tft) T?}? 7roXe&)9 eiSec, koX ^dp, el /cal fcaXXiarri
iToXewv, oTTocrai vtto rfXi(£> elai, /cal to ireXayo^
olKeiovTai, ^ecpvpov re TTrjyd^ e%6t, dXX' dvhpdaiv
eare^avMO-OaL avrrfv r/Stov rj aroal^ Te /cat ^^pa^al'^
/cal XP^^(^ TTXeiovL rod heovrof;.^ tcl p-ev yap
1 ZiovTos should be read instead of ovtos : "in excess
of what they had."
VII
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
for he had_, it seems, also found the name Fabricius and chap.
other such names in the decrees. The letter on this ^
subject shows how sternly he reprimanded them.
VI
And on another day he presented himself before chap.
the meeting of the lonians, and asked :
What is ^
this cup?" And they answered: '^'^ It is the ' pan- earthquakes
Ionian cup." Whereupon he took a draught from ^^ ^'^^^^^
it and poured a libation, saying : " O ye Gods, who
are patrons of the lonians, may ye grant to this fair
colony to enjoy safety at sea, and that no disaster
may wreak itself on them by land therefrom, and
that Aegeon, the author of earthquakes, may never
shake down their cities." These words he uttered
under divine impulse, because he foresaw, as I
believe, the disasters which afterwards overtook
Smyrna and Miletus and Chios and Samos and several
of the lades.
VII
And remarking the zeal with which the people of chap.
Smyrna devoted themselves to all sorts of com- ^'ii
positions, he encouraged them and increased their ^^"^"® ^*^
1 1 11 -1 1-1 Smyrneans
zeal, and urged them to take pride rather in them- to foster
selves than in the beauty of their city ; for although "ather^than
they had the most beautiful of cities under the sun, architecture
and although they had a friendly sea at their doors,
which held the springs of tlie zephyr, nevertheless,
it was more pleasing for the city to be crowned with
men than witli porticos and pictures, or even with
gold in excess of what they needed. For, he said,
357
VII
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. olfCoSofjirifJiaTa eVl ravrov /jL€V€LV, ovSafiov opcofieva
ttXtjv i/C€iVOV rod fiepov<; rrf^i yri<;, iv c5 iariv,
dvSpa<; Se ayaOov^; iravraxov fJ^ev opaaOat, iravra-
Xov Se ^deyyeaOai, rrjv Be ttoXiv, ^9 yeyovaaiv,
aiTo<^aiveiv roaavTTjv, oaot irep avrol yrjv iireK-
Oelv hvvavTai. ekeye Se ra? fiev iroXen: ra? ovro)
Ka\a<; ioLKevai rw rod Ato? ayaXfiari, 09 iv
^OXv/jLTTia TM <t>€iSia efCTreTTOirjTaL, fcaOrjaOuL yap
avTo — ovTa)(; rw hrjfjbiovpyw eSo^e — tou? Be avhpa<^
iirlTTavTa rj/covra^ fjLrjSev aireoiKevai rod 'Ofirjpelov
At09, 09 iv TToWaU lS€aL<; 'Ofirjp(o TreTroirjrai
Oav/JLaaicorepov ^vyK€L/jL€vo<; rod iXecpavrlvov rov
fjLev yap iv yfj (^aiveaOat, rov Se 69 Travra iv t«
ovpavM vTTovoei<Juai.
VIII
via
CAP. Kal pir)v /cat irepl rov irm av iToXeL^ dacpaXM^
olfcotVTO ^vv€(^LXoa6(^ei tol<; Ipivpvaioi^, Sia(t)epofie-
vov<; opoiv aXXrjXoL^ Kal firj ^vyK€ifMevov<; ra^ yvco-
piar eXeye yap Srj rrjv opOm olK7](TOfi6vr]v ttoXiv
opLOVoia^ aTaaia^ov(7i]<; heladai, tovtov Be cittl-
Odv(o<^ T€ Kal ouK €9 TO cLKoXovOov clpijaOaL
B6^avTo<;, ^vveU 6 "AttoXXmvlo^;, on firj eiTovrai 01
TToXXol TO) Xoycp
XevKov fievj' ^t), Kal fxeXav
ovK av irore ravrov yevoiro, ouB' av tm yXvKel to
358
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
public edifices remain where they are, and are no- chap.
where seen except in that particular part of the earth ^ ^^
where they exist, but good men are conspicuous
everywhere, and ev^erywhere talked about ; and so
they can magnify the city the more to which they
belong, in - proportion to the numbers in which they
are able to visit any part of the earth. And he said
that cities which are only beautiful in the same
way as Smyrna was, resemble the statue of Zeus
wrought in Olympia by Pheidias ; for there Zeus
sits, just as it pleased the artist that he should,
whereas men who visit all regions of the earth may
be well compared with the Homeric Zeus, who is
represented by Homer under many shapes, and is a
more wonderful creation than the image made of
ivory ; for the latter is only to be seen upon
earth, but the former is a presence imagined every-
where in heaven.
VIII
And in his discussions, moreover, with the people chap.
of Smyrna he wisely taught them also how best to ^^^^
ffuarantee the security of those who live in cities, His ideal
tor he saw that they were at issue with one another patriotism
and did not agree in their ideals. He accordingly
told them that for a city to be rightly conducted
by its inhabitants, you need a mixture of concord
with party spirit ; and as this utterance seemed
inadmissible and hardly logical, Apollonius realising
that most of them did not follow his argument,
added : " White and black can never be one and
the same, nor can bitter be wholesomely blended
359
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. TTLKpov v<yi6)^ ^vyKpaOeirj, ofjbovoia Se araatdo-ec
acoTrjpla^; evsKa tmv TroXecov. o Be Xeyco, rotovrov
rjjco/jbeOa' crrttcri? rj jjuev iirl ^i^rj koI to KaraXt-
Oovv dXXrjXov<; ar^ovaa direaTco TToXeo)?, y iratho-
rpo(f)ia(i T€ Set Kal vo/jlcov /cat dvSpcjv, e<^' ol? Xojoi
KoX epya, (piXoTLjuia Se rj irpo^ dXXrjXov^i virep tov
KOLVov, KoX TTO)? dv o fiev >yv(o/bL7)<^ eiTTOL ^eXrico
yvco/jirjp, S erepov dp,eivov dpyfjf; TrpoaraiT], 6 Se
irpeajBevaeiev, o 5' e^oiKoSo/jLTjaaiTO Xapuirporepov
Trj<^ erepov eirLaraTeia^}, epi^, olfjuai, avrr] dyadr)
KoX aTdat,<; Trpo^ dXX7]Xov<; virep rod kolvov, to
8' dXXov dXXo eTTLTTihevovTa^ e? to t?}? TroXeft)?
6<f>eXo<; ^vfKpepeiv AaKehaifJiOvioL^ p.ev evrjOe^
eSo/cei irdXai, to. yap iroXepuKd e^eirovelTo acpiac,
Kal 69 TOVTO eppcovTO 7rdvTe<; kol tovtov /ulovov
rjTTTOVTO, ejJLol 8' dpLGTOV SoK€L TO IT pdTTeiV eKUGTOV,
6 Ti olSe Kol o TL hyvarai. el yap 6 /jlcv diro
hr)fjiaywyia^ SavpLacrdi^aeTaL, 6 he d-no ao^ias, 6
he dirb tov e? to kolvov irXovTelv, o Se diro tov
%y07;o'TO9 elvai, 6 Se drro tov €fi^ptdr)<i Kal fiij
^vyyvco/uLcov TOt? dp^apTavovaiv, o he diro tov fxi-j
hi-a/3el3Xi]a0ac Ta? ')(elpa<^, ev KeiaeTai rj ttoXk;,
fiaXXov he eaTtj^ei,^
360
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
with sweet ; but concord can be so blended with party chap.
spirit to secure the safety of cities. And let us consider ^ ^^^
my meaning to be somewhat as follows : Far be from
your city the factiousness which leads men to draw-
swords and to stone one another ; for in a city we
need our children to be brought up properly^ and we
need laws^ and we need inhabitants equally versed in
discussion and in deeds. But mutual rivalry between
men in behalf of the common weal, and with the
object that one should give better advice than
another, and that one should discharge better than
another the duties of a magistrate, and that one should
discharge the office of an. ambassador or of an aedile
more brilliantly than his fellows, — here," he said,
'^' I think you have a worthy rivalry and a real conten-
tion among yourselves in behalf of the common weal.
But that one ])erson should practise one thing and
another another with a view to benefiting the city
seemed of old a foolish thing to the Lacedaemonians,
because they only cultivated the arts of war, and
because they all strengthened themselves for this
end and interested themselves in nothing else ; but
to me it seems best that each man should do what
he understands best and what he best can do. For
that city will recline in peace, nay, will rather stand
up erect, where one man is admired for his popular
influence, and another for his wisdom, and another
for his liberal expenditure on public objects, and
another for his kindliness, and another for his
severity and unbending sternness towards male-
factors, and another because his hands are pure
beyond suspicion."
361
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
IX
<^-^P- Kat cLfia hiiodv ravra vavv elhe to)v rptap/xivoov
ifCTrXeovaav /cat tou9 vavra^ aSXov aWw? e? to
dvdyecrOaL avTrjv Trpdrrovraf;. iiriGrpe^wv ovv
rov<; 7rap6vTa<;, " opdre
eiire, "top t^9 veox; Sijp^ov.
ct)9 01 fiev T<X9 e^oX/ctSa? e/jL^e^TJ/caaiv iperiKol
6Vt69, ol 3' d<yKvpa<; dvi/xMal re koX dvapTOicnv, oi
Se UTre^of (7t ra iana rw dvepucp, ol he eK irpvfxvr)<^
re Kol 7rp(ppa<^ Trpoopcoacv ; el Se ev rovrayv 66?
eXXeiyjreL tl rwv eavrov epycov q dfiaOa)<; t?}?
vavTCK7J<; d-sjrerac, irovrjpcD^ TrXevaovvrai koI o
'^etfiwv avTol So^ovaiv el Se (fnXoTi/jLTjaovraL
7rpo<; eavTOv^ koX aracridaovai /jltj Ka/clcov erepo^
erepov So^ai, KaXol /xev opfioi rfj vrjl javTrj, /xeara
Be €vBia<i re koX €V7rXoia<; Trdvra, TloaeiBoov Be
^ A(T(j)dXeio<; r) irepl avrol^ ev^ovXia Bo^eiT
CAP. TotouTOi9 p^ev Brj X6yoi<; ^vveL')(e Trjv Zp.vpvav,
eirel Be rj v6(J0<; Tot9 ¥u<f>e(TLoi^ eveireae koI ovBev
r]v irpo^i avTTjv avrapKe^;, eirpeajSevovTO irapd rov
^ KiToXXdyvLOV, larpov 7roiovp,evoi avrov rov irddovf;,
6 Be ovfc (oero Belv dva^dXXeaOai ttjv oBov, dX\
362
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
IX
And as he was thus discoursing^ lie saw a ship chap.
with three sails leaving the harbour^ of which the
sailors were each discharging their particular duties the ship
in working it out to sea. Accordingly by way of^^'^^'^^^
reforming his audience he said : " Now look at that
ship's crew^ how some of them being rowers have
embarked in the tug-boats^ while others are winding
up and making fast the anchors, and others again are
spreading the sails to the wind, and others are
keeping an outlook at bow and stern. Now if a
single member of this community abandoned any one
of his particular tasks or went about his naval duties
in an inexperienced manner, they would have a bad
voyage and would themselves impersonate the storm ;
but if they vie with orie another and are rivals
only with the object of one showing himself as
good a man as the other, then their ship will
make the best havens, and all their voyage be one of
fair weather and fair sailing, and the precaution they
exercise about themselves will prove to be as
valuable as if Poseidon our Lord of safety were
watching over them."
With such harangues as these he knit together chap.
the peo])le of Smyrna ; but when the plague began
to rage in Ephesus, and no remedy sufficed to check the plague
it, they sent a deputation to Apollonius, asking him Ephesus*
to become physician of their infirmity ; and he
thought that he ought not to postpone his journey.
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. elircov " twyu-ez^," rjv iv E^ecrco, rov Ilv6ay6pov,
oifjuai, eKelvo irpdrrwv to iv SovpLOL<^ ojjlov koI
^eraTTOvTiOif; elvac. ^vvayayoyv ovv tov<; 'E^ecrt^of?,
" Oapaelre, ecfirj, " Tijfiepov yap Travaco Trjv voaov,
KOi €L7ra)v r/yev t)\iKiav Trdcrav iirl to OeaTpov, ov
TO Tov ^KiroTpoTTaLov iSpVTat. '7rTco')(ev€cv Be rt?
ivTavOa iBoKec yepcov eTrijuLvcov tov<; o^OaKp,ov^
Tex^Dy f^cil iryjpav €(f)€p€ koI dpTov iv avTjj Tpv(f)0<;,
pcLKeai T€ 7]fi<pi€(TT0 Kol av^/^VP^^ ^^X^ "^^^ Trpocr-
(oirov. 7TepiaTrjaa<=; ovv tov<; E^ecr60i'9 avTw,
- ' paXkeTe tov 6eol<^ i^OpovT elire, " ^vWe^dfievot
TMV TdOcov ct)9 TrXeto-TOf?.'* 0av/jia^6vTO)v Be to)v
^Fj(f)eaicov, 6 tc Xeyot, kcA Betvbv rjyov/jLevcov, el
^evov diroKTevovaiv dO\L(o<; ovtco irpaTTOVTa,
Kol yap iKeTeve kuI TroWd eVl eXeo) eXeyev,
iveKecTo 7rapaKeXev6fi€vo<; toi<; 'E^f^rtot? ipeiBetv
re Ka\ firj dvuevat. oo<; Be dKpo^o\Lo-p,a> TLve<; ivr
avTw i^pwavTO, Kal 6 KaTafiveiv Bokmv dve/SXe- :
yjrev dOpoov irvpo^ re pieaTov<; tou? 6<f)6a\fiov<;
eBei^e, ^vvrjKav ol 'E(f)eaioL tov Baifiovo^ kol
KUTeXiOwaav oi/ro)? avTOV, co? koXwvov XlOcov irepl
avTov x^aacrdai. BioXlttwv Be oXlyov iKeXevaev
d(\>eXelv tov^ XlOov^, Kal to Oi]piov, o direKTOvaat,
yvoyvai. yvfxvwOevTO^ ovv tov ^e^XijaOac Bo-
KOvvTo^, 6 iiev 7)(j)dviaT0, kvcov Be to fiev eiSo?
364
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
hut said : " Let us go." And forthwith he was in chap.
Ephesus, perfonning the same feat, I believe, as ^
Pythagoras, who was in Thurii and Metapontuni at
one and the same moment. He therefore called
together the Ephesians, and said : " Take courage,
for I will to-day put a stop to the course of the
disease." And with these words he led the popula-
tion entire to the theatre, where the image of the
Averting god has been set up. And there he saw an
old mendicant artfully blinking his eyes like a blind
man, and he carried a wallet and a crust of bread in
it ; and he was clad in rags and was very squalid
of countenance. Apollonius therefore ranged the
Ephesians around him and said : " Pick up as many
stones as you can and hurl them at this enemy of the
gods." Now the Ephesians wondered what he meant,
and were shocked at the idea of murdering a stranger
so manifestly miserable ; for he was begging and
praying them to take mercy upon him. Xeverthe-
less Apollonius insisted and egged on the Ephesians
to launch themselves on him and not let him go.
And as soon as some of them began to take shots and
hit him with their stones, the beggar who had
seemed to blink and be blind, gave them all a
sudden glance and showed that his eyes were full of
fire. Then the Ephesians recognised that he was a
demon, and they stoned him so thoroughly that their
stones were heaped into a great cairn around him.
After a little pause Apollonius bade them remove
the stones and acquaint themselves with the wild
animal which they had slain. When therefore they
had exposed the object which they thought they
had thrown their missiles at, they found that he had
disappeared . and instead of him there was a hound
3^5
FLA VI us PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. 6fjLOLO<; T(p fc'/c MoXoTTcoz^, /jL6'yeOo<^ Se Kara rov
lxe<yi(TTOv Xeovra, ^vvT€TpL/ji/j,evo(; MCpOi] vtto tmv
\i6o)v, KoX irapaiTTvwv a(f)p6v, oicnrep ol XvTToyvref;,
TO fxev hr) Tov A-iroTpoiraiov eSo^;, eari he
'}ipaK\rj<i, iSpvTac irepl to ')(copiov, iv (p to (fidafia
i^Xrjdrj.
XI
P^J'- l^aOrjpaf; he Toi)^ ^Ecpecrtov; rr}? v6(tov koX t&v
KaTO, TTjv ^Icovlav LKavo)^ ^X^^' ^'^ ^V^ *^EX,Xa8a
a)p/jLr)TO. fiahlaa^ ovv e? to Hepyafiov koI rjaOel^;
Tw TOV ^ A<T/c\r]7rL0v lepQ), Tot<; re iKeTevovai tov
Oeov v7ToOeixevo<^, oiroaa hpcovTe*^ ev^v/ji/36\(op
oveipaTcov Tev^ovTat, ttoXXou? he kol laadjievo^;,
rjXOev 69 T'qv ^Widha, Kol 7rdarj<; Trj<; irepl avTcop
dp'X,ci'io\o<yia<; efjL(^opr]6els ecpoLTTjaev eVt TOv<i tmv
'A%ata)i^ Td(j)ov<;, kol ttoXXol fiev elTTMV eir avTol^y
TToXXa he t6)v dvalpLcov re Kal KaOapSiv Kadaylaa^iy
T0U9 jjiev eTaipov; eKekevaev eirl Tr}v vavv ^aj/oeri^,
avT0<; he eirl tov koXcovov tov 'A;)^tXXea)9 evvv^ev-
aetv e(f)r). hehcTTO/jbevcov ovv tmv eTalpcov avTov,
Kal yap hr) Kal ol AcocrKopihac Kal ol ^aihLjjLot
Kal 7) TOidhe o/ucXla iraaa ^vvrjaav r^h-q tS)
^AttoXXcjvlw, tov le 'A^tXXea (po^epov eTc (pa-
(TKovTWV (^alveaOaL, tovtI yap Kal tov<; iv tw iXlw
irepl avTOv TreTrecadai, " Kal firjv 67(0," ecprj, " tov
- A;}^tXXea acpohpa olha Tal^ ^viovdiai^; 'Xl^ipovTa,
TOV Te yap Neo-ropa tov ck t^9 HvXov fidXa
366
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
who resembled in form and look a Molossian dog, chap.
but was in size the equal of the largest lion ; there ^
he lay before their eyes, pounded to a pulp by
their stones and vomiting foam as mad dogs do.
Accordingly the statue of the Averting god, namely
Hercules, has been set up over the spot where
the ghost was slain.
XI
Having purged the Ephesians of the plague, CHaP.
and having had enough of the people of Ionia, he
started for Hellas. Having made his way then to resoi\"s\o^
Perffamum, and being ])leased with the temple of iVi*
*y^®^
. ^ 1 1 • 1 T z' 1 ^^^ ghost
Asclepuis, lie gave hmts to the supplicants or the of Achilles
god, what to do in order to obtain favourable dreams ;
and having healed many of them he came to the land
of Ilium. And as his mind was stored with all the
traditions of their past, he w ent to visit the tombs of
the Achaeans, and he delivered himself of many
speeches over them, and he offered many sacrifices
of a bloodless and pure kind ; and then he bade
his companions go on board ship, for he him-
self, he said, must spend a night on the mound
of Achilles. Now his companions tried to deter
him, — for in fact the sons of Dioscorus and the
Phaedimi, and a whole company of such already
followed in the train of ApoUonius, — alleging that
Achilles w^as still dreadful to look upon ; for such
was the conviction about him of the inhabitants of
Ilium. "Nevertheless," said ApoUonius, '^ 1 know
Achilles well and that he thoroughly delights in
company ; for he heartily welcomed Nestor when he
came from Pylos, because he always had something
367
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. TjcTTrd^ero, eireLOr) aei rt avrw Siyet, y^p'tfajov, ruv
T€ ^oiviKa rpocpea Kai oiraoov Kai ra roiavra
Ti/jidp €v6/jLi^€v, eTreiSTj hirj<yev avrbv 6 ^olvl^
Xoyoif;, Kol top Ylpiajjiov Se KaiTOL iroXefjucdTaTov
avTO) ovra Trpaorara elSev, eTreiSr) BiaXeyo/jLepov
7]K0V(7€, KOL OSucTael Be iv SL-^oaraaLa ^vyyevo-
/jL6V0<=; ovtco fieTptO'^ coi^Or], &)? koXo^; tm ^OSvcrael
fxaWov rj cpo/Sepo^; Bo^at. Trjv jjbev Brj aairiBa kol
rrjv Kopvv ttjv Becvov, w? (j^acri, vevovcrav, eirl tou?
T/jwa? OL/jbat avrS elvai /jie/jivrjfieva), a vir avrcov
hiraOev ciTrLcrTi] a avrcov tt^o? avrov virep tov yd/jbov,
iyo) Be ovre yLtere^o) ri rod ^IXlov, BcaXi^ofiai re
avTO) ')(apie(TTepov rj ol rore eralpoi, fcav airo-
KTeivrj fie, W9 cf)aTe, p^erd ^lep.vovQ'^ Brjirov kol
K.VKPOV /ceiaofiat Kai law^ pie ev Kairerw kolXtj,
KaOdirep tov ' E/cropa, rj Tpola Od-^ei.*^ rocavra
TTpo'; Tov(; eralpov^; dvapl^ Tratfa? re Kai aiTOV-
Bd(Ta<;, TTpoae/Satve tw koXcdvm p,6vo<;, ol Be
epaoi^ov em TrjV vavv eairepa^ rjoTj.
XII
CAP. 'O Be ^ATToXXooviOfi irepl opOpov y^kwv, " ttov,^^
e4>r}, " ^AvT t(TOevr)<; 6 TldpLO<; ; " e/3B6p,7]V Be ovto^;
rjp^epav eTvyyavev 7]Br) 7rpoa7T€(pOLTr}K(o<i avTa> iv
'iXto). v7raKovaavTO<; Be rod ^AvTLaOevov<;, " irpoa-
7)Ket<; TC, ecpT], co veavta, rf) ipoia; acpoopa,
elirev, " elpl yap Brj dvfoOev Tpd)<;.
rj Kai Upta-
368
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
useful to tell him ; and he used to honour Phoenix chap.
with the title of loster-father and companion and so ^
forth^ because Phoenix entertained him with his
talk ; and he looked most mildly upon Priam also,
although he was his bitterest enemy, so soon as he
heard him talk ; and when in the course of
a quarrel he had an interview with Odysseus, he
made himself so gracious that Odysseus tliought him
more handsome than terrible. For, I think that his
shield and his plumes that waved so terribly, as they
say, are a menace to the Trojans, because he can
never forget, what he suffered at their hands, when
they played him false over the marriage. But
I have nothing in common with Ilium, and I shall
talk to him more pleasantly than his former
companions ; and if he slays me, as you say he will,
why then I shall repose with Memnon and C3'cnus, iiiad 24. t^j:
and perhaps Troy will bury me '^ in a hollow sepulchre '
as they did Hector." Such were his words to his
com})anions, half playful and half serious, as he went
up alone to the barrow ; but they went on board
ship, for it was already evening.
XII
But Apollonius came about dawn to them and chap.'
said : " Where is Antisthenes of Paros ? " And this ^^^
person had joined their society seven days before in ;^t'!away^^
Ilium. And when Antisthenes answered that he ^y ^y^^^' of
was there, he said : " Have you, O young man, any
Trojan blood in your veins ? "
Certainly I have,"
he said, "for I am a Trojan by ancestry." '^'^ And a
descendant of Priam as well?" asked Apollonius.
369
VOL I. B B
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. fxihrj^; ; '* V7) A/'," elirev " eV rovrov yap Srj
ayaOo'^ re otfiat fca^ ayadcjv elvai.^^ *' €Ik6tco<;
ovv, '^(pV* " 'A^iXXei;? airayopevei jioi /jlt)
^vvelvai croi, KeXevcravroi; yap avrov Trpea/Sevaau
fjL€ 7rpo9 Toi;9 ©erraXoi"? irepl o)v alrtdrai crcfyd^,
ft)9 IQpOfMTJVy TL dv TTyOO? TOVT(p 6T€pOV 7r/)09 %«/9iZ^
avTO) irpaTTOifiiy to /xeLpaKiOV 6(f)7] to ifc Udpou
pLT) 7roLOvjji6vo<; ^vve/jiTTopov T/79 eavTOV cro(f)La<;,
TipLapii^7]<i T€ yap iKavo)<; iart Kal rov "EjKTOpa
vfjLVoyv ov Trauerat."
XIII
xtn '^ f^^^ ^^ ^AvTia06vr}<; d/ccov dirrfKOev, eVel he
i]liepa eyeveTO /cal to irvevp.a eK t^9 7^9 eTrehihov,
irepi T6 dvaycoyrjv rj vav<; el')(ev, eireppeov avrfj
apLLKpa ovcrrj 7fXeiov<; €T€poi, /3ov\6fMevoL tw 'AttoX-
\(0VL(p ^vpLirXelv, Kal yap fieTOTTCopov 7]B7} eTvyyave
Kal /; OdXaTTa tjttov ^ejBaia. 7rdvT€<; ovv Kal
^6iyuwz^09 Kal 7rvp6<; Kal Ta)v ^aXeTrcoTaro)!^
KpetTTO) rov dvSpa rjyovpevoL ^vvepL^aiveiv rjOeXov,
Kal eheovTO irpoahovvai ac^tai t% K0Lva)VLa<; tov
ir\ov, iirel Se to irXripayp.a iroWairXdaLOV rjv Trj<;
vect)(;, vavv /jL€L^cl> erepav eincrKe'^dpLevo's, TroWal
oe irepi to AiavTeLOV yaav, evTavua, €(pr], epu-
j3aiV(i)pLev, KoXov yap to yLtera TrXecovcov aoo^eadai.
TTepij^aXoov ovv to TpcoiKov aKpcoT^piov, eKeXevae
370
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
ii
Why yes, by Zeus," answered tlie other, " and chap.
that is why I consider myself a good n>an and of *^^*
good stock." '" That explains then," said the sage,
" why Achilles forbids me to associate with you ; for
after he bade me go as his de})uty to the Thessalians
in the matter of a complaint which he has against
them, and I asked him whether there was anything
else which I could do to please him, ' yes,' he said,
- you must take care not to initiate the young man
from Paros in your wisdom, for he is too much of a
descendant of Priam, and the praise of Hector is
never out of his mouth,' "
XIII
Accordingly Antisthenes went off though against chap.
his will ; and when the day broke and the wind off ^^"
shore increased in strength, and the ship was ready fromThe
to be launched, it was invaded in spite of its small tomb of
dimensions by a number of other people who were Methymn
anxious to share the voyage with Apollonius ; for it
was already autumn and the sea was not much to be
trusted. They all then regarded Apollonius as one
who was master of the tempest and of fire and of
perils of all sorts, and so wished to go on board
with him, and begged him to allow them to share
the voyage with him. But as the companv was
many times too great for the ship, spying a larger
ship, — for there were many in the neighbourhood of
the tomb of Ajax, — he said : " Let us go on board
this, for it is a good thing to get home safely with
as many as may be." He accordingly doubled the
promontory of Troy, and then commanded the pilot
371
n B 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
-CAP. Toz^ Kv^epvi)T}]v /carao'^e'LV 6? ryp AloXecov, r/
avTLirepa^ Aea/3ov KelraL, TTyoo? M.^Ou/jiV(iv re
[xaWov rerpafi/jbevov iroielaOai top opfiov. " ip-
ravOa yap irov top HaXap.yBip cj)r)alv 6 'A^£XA,ei)9
KelcrOaL, ou koI a<ya\ixa avTOv elvcbu Tvrjy^valov , ev
Trpea^vrepo), rj o)? IlaXa/XT^S?;?, tc3 eiSet. zeal
dfia i^icov T?}? v€oo<;, " i7npL€\7]0(x)p.ev, elirev, " &>
avhpe<; ' EXX?;^?, ayaOov (ivBpo<;, Bl op aoc^ia
iraaa, fcal yap ap /cal tcjp ye A.')(aiO)P jBekTiov^
yepoip^eOa, Tt/xwz^re? ht apeTrjP, op i/ceLPOL Blkt}
ovSe/jbca aTTeKT€iPav! ol p^ep By e^eirr^Bwp Try9
P€co(;, Be epeTV')(e tco Td(f)(p fcal to dyaXpa
KaTopwpvypiepov Trpo^; avTM evpep. eTreyeypaiTTO
Be rfj /3daeL rod dydXparof; @EII1I ITAxV-
AMHAEI. /caOiBpvaa^ ovp avro, ct)9 Kayo) elBop,
Kol lepop TTepl avrb fiaX6pepo<;, oaop ol rrjp
^JLpoBiap Ttp.(bpT€<;, eari yap co? Be/ca ^uyLtTrora? ep
avTQ) evo}')(ei(j9ai, rocdpBe ev'xrjP rjv^aro' " Iia\d-
pL7)Be^, e/cXdOov tt)? pirjPiBo<^, tjp ep T0t9 ' A^^aiol^;
TTore ep.7JpL(Ta(;, /cal BlBov yiypeaOai 7roXXof9 re
/cal ao(f)ov^ dpBpa^. pal UaXdp,7]Be<;, Bi op Xoyoc,
01 OP Movaat, ol op eyco.
XIV
CAP. TlapijXOe /cal 69 to tov Op<peco<; ciBurop irpoa-
oppbtadpepo^s Ty AeajSw. <pacrl Be epravOd irore
372
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
to shape his course towards the country of the chap.
Aeolians, which lies over against Lesbos^ and then to ^^^^
turn as close as he could to Methymna, and there to
cast anchor. For there it was^ he said, that Achilles Finds and
declared Palamedes lay, where also they would find stSu^of*^^
his image a cubit high, representing however a man Palamedes
older than was ever Palamedes. And at the
moment of disembarking from the ship, he said :
" Let us show our respect, O ye Greeks, for so
good a man to whom we owe all wisdom. For we
shall anyhow prove ourselves better men than the
Achaeans, if we pay tribute to the excellence of one
whom they so unjustly slew." They accordingly
leapt out of tlie ship, but he hit upon the tomb and
found the statue buried beside it. And there were
inscribed on the base of the statue the words : " To
the divine Palamedes." He accordingly set it up
again in its place, as I myself saw ; and he raised a
shrine around it of the size which the worshippers of
the goddess of the crossways, called Enodia, use ; for
it was large enough for ten persons at once to
sit and drink and keep good cheer in ; and having
done so he offered up the following prayer : " O
Palamedes, do thou forget the wrath, wherewith
thou wast wroth against the Achaeans, and grant
that men may multiply in numbers and wisdom.
Yea, O Palamedes, author of all eloquence, author of
the Muses, author of myself."
XIV
He also visited in passing the shrine of Orpheus chap.
when he had put in at Lesbos. And they tell that ^^^
373
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Tov 'Opcpea fiavriKfi ^(aipetv, eare rov 'AttoXX-o)
iiTifxeiJbeXrjo-Oai avrov. iireLSr) yap fir^re e? Vpv-
veiov i(f)OiTcov en virep '^(^prjafjLCJV dvOpcoTroi /jL7]T€ 69
KXdpov /jliJt evOa o rpiirovf; 6 'ATroWcoi^eto?,
'O/^^eu? Be e^pci fi6vo<^j dprc e/c ^paKrj^; r) K€(j)a\r)
TjKovcra, i(j)LaTaTai ol ')(^p7]a/jb(pBovvTL 6 6eo<; Kai,
- ' TTeTravaor €(f)7], " tmv e/jLcov, koI yap Brj /cat
aSovrd ae iKavo)^ rfveyKa^
CAP.
XV
XV
YWeovrtDV he avTwv fierd ravra ro eir^ ^v/3oia<;
iTe\a<yo<;, o fcal 'O/jurjpo) Sofcel tmv ')(a\e7rMV kuI
hvajjberprjrwv elvai, r} fjbev OaXarra vTrrla Kal Trj<;
oipa<^ KpeiTTcov ecpaivero, Xojoi re eyly vovro irepi
re vrjawv, eTTeihr] TToWal<^ re Kal ovofjuaaral^;
evervy^avov, irepi re vavTrjjylaf; Kal Kv/SepvyrLKij';
7rp6cr(f>opoL TOL<; irXeovaiv, eirel Se o Adfit,<; tov<;
fjLev Bie^aWe rcov Xoycov, tov<; Be vtt ere fiver o, tov<;
Be ov ^vve^xjoopeL epcordv, ^vvrJKev 6 ^ KitoW(ovlo<;,
oTi \6yov erepov aTrovBdaai ^ovKolto, Kal, ** ri
iraOcovr €(j)r], *' o) Adfjic, Bia(77ra<; ra epcoroo/jLeva; ov
yap vavTiwv ye, rj vtto tov ttXov TTOvripo)<; h')(o)v
aTTOcTTpecpr) Tov<i X6yov<;, rj yap OdXarra, opas, &>?
vTTorWeiKev eavrrjv rfj vrjl Kal TrefXTrei. n ovv
Bvd'xepdivei^r ** ot^," et/)?/, ** Xoyov fieydXov ev
374
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
it was here that Orpheus once on a time loved to chap.
prophesy^ before Apollo had turned his attention to ^
XIV
him. For when the latter found that men no longer JhJSne o/
flocked to Gryneium for the sake of oracles nor to Orpheus iu
Clarus nor (to Delphi) where is the tripod of Apollo,
and that Orpheus was the only oracle, his head
having lately come from Thrace, he presented
himself before the giver of oracles and said : '• Cease
to meddle with my affairs, for I have already put up
long enough with your vaticinations."
XV
After this they continued their voyage along the chap.
sea of Euboea, which Homer considered to be one of _^
Enters t)ii6
the most dangerous and difficult to traverse, sea of
However the sea was smooth and was much better ^"^o'^a-
than you expected in that season ; and their curious
conversation turned upon the many and famous Ichiiies
islands M'hich tliey were visiting, and upon ship-
building and pilotage and other topics suitable to a
voyage. But as Damis found fault with some of the
things they said, and cut short many of their
remarks, and would not allow some of their questions
to be put, Apollonius realised that he was anxious to
discuss some other topic and said : " What ails you,
Damis, that you break in on the course of our
questions in this way ? For I am sure that it is not
because you are seasick or in any way inconvenienced
by the voyage, that you object to our conversation ;
for you see how smoothly our ship is wafted over lier
bosom by the submissive sea. Why then are you so
uneasy?"
Because," replied the other, "when a
375
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. fjueaw oVto?, ov eiKo^; rjv ipcordv fidWov, r^fiel^ Be
Tou? e(o\ov<; re fcal ap)(^aiov<; ipcoTOdfiev. " Kai
t/?/' elirev,
o X0709 ovto<; etrj av, Sl ov tov^
a\Xov<; 7)yf} irepcTTOv^; ;
'A^tWet, €(^'7, " f 1^7-
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K7]Koo)<; fxr]iT(D 7]/jitv yiyvcoor/cofieva, ov Buei ravra,
ovSe TO eI8o9 r)/uv rov 'A^^tWew? avarvirolf;, irepi-
7rX€t<; Se ra? vrjaov^ /cat vav7r7)yet<; rS Xoyo).
" el fjLT) dXa^oveveadaL,
ecprj, " B6^(o, Trcivra elpyj-
XVI
CAP. Aeouevcov Be koX tcov oXXmv tov Xoyov tovtov
XVI
/cal (f)tXrjK6(0(; eyovTitiV avTOV, " dW ov)(l ^oOpov,
elirev, " '03f o-cre&x? opv^dfievo^, ovSe dpvwv aLfiaTi
'>^v')(ay(Dyr)aa^, €9 hidXe^iv tov K^LWew<^ r)\6ov,
dX>C ev^dfievo^, oiroaa toZ<^ Tjpcoaiv IvSol (paaiv
eu')(e(TOai, " m 'A^^WgO," ecpyv, " TeOvdvai ere 01
TToXkol TMV dvOpcoTTcov (paaiv, €70) Se ov ^vy)(^copco
TOO Xoyo), ovSe YivOayopa^ ao<^ia<; €/jiT]<; irpoyovo^;.
el St) dXr]9evo/jiev, Sel^ov r)/j,Lv to aeavrov eiSo^;,
/cal yap av ovaio dyav tmv ifiwv oipOaXfiMv,
el fidpTvaiv avT0t<^ rov elvat ')(^p7]aaL0. eirl
TovTOt<; aeta/jbo^ jxev irepl tov koX(ovov (3pa'X^v<^
cyeveTO, 7revTd7rr]')(^v<; Se veavia^ dveSodi] (^6TTa-
376
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
great topic suggests itself, which we surely ought chap.
rather to be asking about, we are asking questions ^^
about these threadbare and antiquated subjects."
"And what/' said Apollonius, "may be this topic
which makes you regard all others as superfluous ? "
" You have/' he answered, " had an interview with
Achilles, O Apollonius, and probably you have heard
him speak at length of many things so far unknown
to ourselves ; and yet you tell us nothing about
these, nor do you describe to us the figure of
Achilles, but you fill your conversation Mith talk of
the islands we are sailing round and of ship-building."
" If you will not accuse me of bragging," said
Apollonius, " you shall hear ever^i;hing."
XVI
The rest of the company also besought him to tell chap.
them all about it, and as they were in a mood to ^^^
listen to him, he said : " Well, it was not by digging i^^ates^iff
a ditch like Odysseus, nor by tempting souls with interview
the blood of sheep, that I obtained a conversation Achilles
with Achilles ; but I offered up the prayer which
the Indians say they use in approaching their
heroes. ' O Achilles,' I said, ' most of mankind
declare that you are dead, but I cannot agree with
them, nor can Pythagoras, my spiritual ancestor. If
then we hold the truth, show to us your own form ;
for you would profit not a little by showing yourself to
my eyes, if you should be able to use them to attest
your existence.' Thereupon a slight earthquake
shook the neighbourhood of the barrow, and a youth
issued forth five cubits high, wearing a cloak of
377
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. \l/co<; TTjv yXajjivha, to 8e elBo^; ovk aXa^djV ti<;
6(j>aiV€T0, ft)9 6VL0i<; 6 'Ax^XXeu? So/cet, BeLVo^ re
opcofJbevo^ OVK i^rfSXarre rod (pai^Spov, to Be
Ka\Xo<; ovTTO) fiOL So/cet iTratverov a^iov eireiXr)-
(pdai, KaiTOi 'Ofiripov TToWa eV avro) elirovTO^,
aXKa apprjTOV elvai koI KaTakveadai fxaXkov viro
Tov vpbvovvTO^ Tj TrapaTrXrjalo)^ eavrS aheaOai.
6p(Ofievo(; Be, oiroaov elirov, p^eu^cov e^iyveTO fcal
hiTrXdcTLO^ Kol virep tovto, BwheKdirr^xv^ lovv
ecf)dvr) /jlol, ore Br) reXewTaro? eavrov eyevero, kuI
TO KaWo^ del ^vveireBiBov tm pr]fcec. ttjv pev Br]
Kopr^v ovBe KeipaaOai ttote eXeyev, dXXd davXov
(pvXd^UL TM %'Trepx€L<p, TTOTapMV yap irpcoTcp
^irepx^t^ ;^|0rf(7acr^ai, tcl yeveia 5' uvtS irpcoTa^
irpoaetTToov Be pe, " dapAvai^r elirev, " ivTeTV-
XV'<^^ ^o^> TraXat Be6pLevo<; dvBpo^; TOiovBe' ©er-
TaXol yap Ta evayiap^aTa x^oi^oz^ r]B7) ttoXvv
eKXeXoiiraai p.oi, Kal pr^vieLV p.ev ovttcd d^LM,
pur^viaavTO^ yap diroXovvTat puaXXov rj oi evTavda
TTOTe^'EXXyve^, ^vp^jSovXla Be eTneiKel XP^^H^^^ M
vjSpi^eLV (J<^d<; k Ta v6p.ip.a, p,7]Be kukIov^ eXeyx^-
aOai TOVTcdvl tmv Tpcocov, ot ToaovaBe dvBpa^ vn
ep.ov d(j)aipeOevT€<^ Brjp^oaia re Ovovai p.oi. Kal
wpaiO)V dirdpxovTat, Kal iKeTijplav TiOepevoi a-rrov-
Bd^ ahovaLV, a? eyco ou Bcacra)- Ta yap iinopKTjOevTa
378
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
Thessalian fashion ; but in appearance he was by no chap.
means the braggart figure which some imagine ^^^
Achilles to have been. Though he was stern to look
upon, he never lost his bright look ; and it seems to
me that his beauty has never received its meed of
})raise, even though Homer dwelt at length upon it ;
tor it was really beyond the power of words, and it
is easier for the singer to ruin his fame in this
respect than to praise him as he deserved. At first
sight he was of the size which I have mentioned,
but he grew bigger, till he was twice as large and
even more than that ; at any rate he appeared to me
to be twelve cubits high just at that moment when
he reached his complete stature, and his beauty
grew apace with his length. He told me then that
he had never at any time shorn off his hair, but
preserved it inviolate for the river Spercheus, for
this was the first river he had consulted ; but on his
cheeks you saw the first down.
'• And he addressed me and said : ' I am pleased
to have met you, since I have long wanted a man
like yourself. For the Thessalians for a long Thessalian
time past have failed to present their offerings at JJff}j^^^
my tomb, and I do not yet wish to show my
wrath against them ; for if I did so, they would
perish more thoroughly than ever the Hellenes
did on this spot ; accordingly I resort to gentle
advice, and would warn them not to violate ancient
custom, nor to prove themselves worse men than
the Trojans here, who though they were robbed
of so many of their heroes by myself, yet sacrifice
publicly to me, and also give me the tithes of their
fruits in season, and olive branch in hand ask for a
truce from my hostility. But this I will not grant,
379
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. TOVTOL^ iir e/xe ovk idaei to "\\l6v irore to dp^atov
avoXajBelv el8o<;, ovBe TV^elv dfc/jLi]<;, oiroarj irepl
TToWaf; TMV Ka6r)pr}/j£V(jov eyeveTO, dX?C olKyaovacv
avTO peXTLOV^ ovoev rj ec %c7e9 rjXcoo-av. iv ovv fxrj
Kol Ta SeTToXcov dTTocpaivco Ojioia, irpea^eve Trapd
TO icoivov avTwv virep oiv eiirovr '* Trpea^eixro)"
€(f)7)v, ** 6 yap vov<; rt}? TTpea/Sela^; rjv fir) dTroXeaOac
avTOVfy. dW eyct) tl aov, A^iXXev, Seofiac.^^
" ^vviTj/jLt,
ecpT], " 877X0? yap ei irepl rcov TpcotKcov
epcoT7]acov' ipcoTa Se X6yov<^ irevTC, 01)9 auro? tg
l3ov\€L Kal IS/Lolpai ^uy^copovaLv.
i^pofiTjv ovv
TrpcoTov, el kuto, tov tmv ttoltjtcov \6yov €TV)(e
Tacpov. " Kel[iaL /jL6v, elirev, " o)? efMoiye tjSicftov
Kal TlaTpoKkw iyeveTO, ^uve/Si^fjiev yap Stj Kofjuhfj
vioi, ^vve')(eL he dpcpco ')(^pvaov<; dfi(pop€v<; Ketfjbevov^;,
ft)9 eva. yVovaoiv 8e Oprjvob kol l^rjprjlBcov, 01)9
eV e/xot yeveaOai c^aai, yiovaai fiev ovh) dcpLKOVTo
TTore evTavOa, ^rjprjiSe^; Be cti (poiToyai.
fieTa
TUVTa Be rjpofirjv, el r) YloXv^evTj iTriacpayeirj avTw,
6 Be d\r)Oe<; fiev ecjirj tovto elvai, a(f)ayf]vai Be
avTTjV ov'^ VTTO TMV A.')(aL(x)v, dXX ifcovaav eirl
TO at]/jLa iXOovaav fcal tov eavTr]<; re icdKeivov
epcoTa /jueydXcov d^ixhaai it pocnreaovaav ^L(f)ec
6p0o). TpiTOv 7]po/ji7]v "// ^RXevT), o) A^iXXev, €9
Tpoiav -qXOev rj O/jbTjpw eBo^ev viroOeaOaL TavTaT
380
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
for the perjuries which they committed against me chap.
will not suffer Ilium ever to resume its pristine ^^ '
beauty, nor to regain the pros})erity which yet has
favoured many a city that was destroyed of old ; nay,
if they rebuild it, things shall go as hard with them as
if their city had been captured only yesterday. In
order then to save me from bringing the Thessalian
polity to the same condition, you must go as my
envoy to their council in behalf of the object I have
mentioned.' ' I will be your envoy,' I replied,
^ for the object of my embassy were to save them
from ruin. But, O Achilles, I would ask something
of you.' "^ I understand,' said he, '^ for it is plain
you are going to ask about the Trojan war. So
ask me five questions about whatever you like,
and that the Fates approve of.' '^ I accordingly
asked him firstly, if he had obtained burial in
accordance with the story of the poets.' ' I lie here,'
he answered, ' as was most delightful to myself and
Patroclus ; for you know we met in mere youth, and
a single golden jar holds the remains of both of us,
as if we were one. But as for the dirges of the
Muses and of the Xereids, which they say are sung
over me, the Muses, I may tell you, never once came
here at all, though the Nereids still resort to the
spot.' Next I asked him, if Polyxena was really
slaughtered over his tomb ; and he replied that this
was true, but that she was slain not by the Achaeans,
but that she came of her own free will to the
sepulchre, and that so high was the value she
set on her own passion for him and his for her, that
she threw herself upon a drawn sword. The third
question I asked was this: 'Did Helen, O Achilles,
really come to Troy or was it Homer that was
381
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. " TToXvv, ' efftT], " ^povov i^tjiraroy/ieOa irpecrPevo-
fievoi re irapa rov^ Tyocoav, fcal Trotov/ievoL ra? virep
avTrj<^ jjid^a^f &)? iv tS> 'JA-Zw ovarj^i, rj S* AtyuTrrov
T€ (hK€i Kol Tov YVpoiTew^i oIkov apTTaaOelaa
viTo TOV Ila/otSo?. eVel he eTricrTevO/] tovto,
virep avT7]<; 7% TpoLa<; Xolttov epuayopieda,
fo)9 yJr) alay^p^^ aireXOoiixev.^^ rjyjrdfirjv Kal
reTcipTrjf; ipcoTTJaea)^; /cal Oavfid^eiv €(f>T]i', el
ToaovaSe ofjbov fcal roiovaSe dpBpa<; 7) 'EXXa?
Tjve'yKev, oiroaov^; "O/jirjpo^ iirl rrjv Tpouav
^vvrdrret. 6 Se ^A')(iXkev<^, " ovSe 01 ^dp/Sapot,^^
ecpT], " TToXv tj/jLcov eXeiTTOVTO, ovTCO<i rj yrj irdaa
dpeTTj^ 7]vOr)ae.^^ irefiiTTOv 3' r)po[xriv' rt TraOoov
' 0/jL7)po<; TOV UaXa/jLr)Sr)v ovk olhev, r) olhe fiev,
e^aipel he tov irepl v/jLcov Xoyov; " el TlaXayLtT^^?;?,"
elirev, ** 69 Tpolav ovk rjXOev, ovSe Tpota iyeveTO'
eirel Se dv7]p aocjxoTaTO^; Te /cal fia)(^L/jid)TaTO^
direOavev, &)? ^Ohvaael eSo^ev, ovk eadyeTai avTov
69 TCi TTOLTJ/XaTa ' OfJLTJpO^, ft)9 pir) TO, OVelSTJ TOV
^OSvacreco^; aSoi.^^ Kal iiroXocpvpdfxevo^; avTw 6
A^iX\€L/9 fo)9 p,eyiGT(p T€ Kal KaXXiaTW, vecoTdTw
T€ Kal TToXep^iKcoTdTO), aaxppoavvr) t€ vTrep/SaXo/j^evo)
TrdvTa<; Kal iroXXd ^vpL^aXofievo) Tal^ ^lovaaif;,
" oKXd cru," '^^V' ** AiroXXcovce, cro(f)OC<; yap 7rpb<;
ao<pov<; eiTLTrjheLa, tov Te Td<pov e7np,eX7]0r)Ti, Kal
TO dyaXp^a tov UaXap,7]8ov<; dvdXa^e (pavXco'^
eppip^p^evov KeLTat, Be ev T-fj AloXlSt. KaTa ^lijOv-
puvav T7]V ev Aecr^o)^^ raOra elircov Kal eirl irdcn
382
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
pleased to make up the story ? ' ' For a long chap.
time/ he replied, ' we were deceived and tricked ^^^
into sending envoys to the Trojans and fighting-
battles in her behalf, in the belief that she was in
Ilium, whereas she really was living in Egypt and
in the house of Proteus, whither she had been
snatched away by Paris. But when we became
convinced thereof, we continued to fight to win
Troy itself, so as not to disgrace ourselves by
retreat.' The fourth question which I ventured
upon was this : ^ I wonder,' I said, ' whether
Greece has ever produced at any one time so many
and such distinguished heroes as Homer says were
gathered against Troy.' But Achilles answered :
' Why even the barbarians did not fall far short of
us, so abundantly then did excellence flourish all
over the earth.' And my fifth question was this :
^ Why was it that Homer knew nothing about
Palamedes, or if he knew him, then kept him out of
your story ? ' ^ If Palamedes,' he answered, ' never
came to Troy, then Troy never existed either. But
since this wisest and most warlike hero fell in
obedience to Odysseus' whim. Homer does not
introduce him into his poems, lest he should have
to record the shame of Odysseus in his song.' And
withal Achilles raised a wail over him as over one
who was the greatest and most beautiful of men, the
youngest and also the most warlike, one who in
sobriety surpassed all others, and had often fore-
gathered with the Muses. ' But you,' he added, ' O
Apollonius, since sages have a tender regard for one
another, you must care for his tomb and restore the
image of Palamedes that has been so contemptuously
cast aside ; and it lies in Aeolis close to Methymna
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Ta TTepl Tov veaviav tov e/c Ilapov, airrjXOe ^vv
aarpairfj /xerpta, koL 'yap Sr) /cal a\eKTpv6ve<; Tjdr)
CoS?79 r^TTTOVTO.^
XVII
^^- ToLavra jjuev ra eirl t^9 vecof;, e? 3e rov Yletpaid
icr7r\6vaa<; ire pi fjLV(TT7)picov copav, ore ^ A.Or)valoi
TToXvavOpcoTTOTara KXXtJvcov irpaTTOvcnv, avrjei
^vvT€iva^ aTTo T% V€a)<; e? to aarv, TrpoLo^v he
TToXXoi? TOdv (f>iXoao(f)OvvTO)v iveTv^yx^dve ^aXrjpdhe
KaTiovaiv, Mv ol jjuev ^vp^voi iOepovTO, koI yap to
peroTTcopov evrjXiov tol^; ^ KOrjvaioL^, ol he etc
^t^\io)v icTTrovha^ov, ol 8 airo cTTO/xaTO? r]afcovvTO,
ol Se 7]pi^ov. irapyei Se OL'^el? avrov, dXXa refc-
prjpdpevoL 7rdvTe<;, &)? eor) *A7toW(ovio<;, ^vvave-
arpecjiovTo re /cal '^cnrd^ovro ')(aipovre<;, veavlaKOi
he opiov Se/ca 7rey0iTi/%oz^T69 avT(p, " vt] ttjv ^AOrjvav
e/ceiV7]v, e(f)aaav dvaT€ivavT€<; ra^; yelpaf^ e? TrjV
aKpoTToXiv, " r)p€i<; ^apri e? Tleipaia e/SaSt^opev
irXevcropevoi e? Yowiav irapa ae. o he direhi'^eTo
avra)v /cal ^vy^aipeLv €(f)rj (pLXoao(f)Ou&LV.
XVIII
xvni "^Hv pev hrj ^ E^tt ihav picDV rjpepa, ra he 'Ett^-
havpLa puera Trpopprjalv re /cal lepela hevpo pivelv
384
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
in Lesbos.' With these words and with the closing chap.
remarks concerning the youth from Paros, Acliilles ^^^
vanished with a flash of summer lightnings for indeed
the cocks were already beginning their chant."
XVII
So much for the conversation on board ; but chap.
XVTI
having sailed into the Piraeus at the season of the
mysteries, when the Athenians keep the most welcome
crowded of Hellenic festivals, he went post haste up "^ Athens
from the ship into the city ; but as he went forward,
he fell in with quite a number of students of
philosophy on their way down to Phalerum. Some
of them were stripped and underwent the heat, for
in autumn the sun is hot upon the Athenians ; and
others were studying books, and some were rehears-
ing their speeches, and others were disputing. But
no one passed him by, for they all guessed that it
was Apollonius, and they turned and thronged
around him and welcomed him warmly ; and ten
youths in a body met him, and holding up their
hands towards the Acropolis they cried : " By
Athene yonder, we were on the point of going down
to the Piraeus there to take ship to Ionia in order to
visit you." And he welcomed them and said how
much he congratulated them on their study of
philosophy.
XVIII
It was then the day of the Epidaurian festival, chap.
at which it is still customary for the Athenians to ^^m
385
VOL. I. C C
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ^ A0i]vaiOL(; irdrpLov iirl Ovaia Sevrepa, tovtl Se
ivofiLcrav ^Aa/cXrjTnov eve/ca, on hrj i/jLV')]aav avrov
rjKOVTa ^EiTTLSavpoOev oyire /j.vcrTr}pia)v. afieXTjaavre^;
Be ol TToWol Tov pLvelaOaL irepi tov AiroWoiVLOv
el'X^ov, fcaX tovt iairovSa^ov fiaWov rj to direXOeiv
TereKecrpLevoL, 6 he ^vveaeaOai p.ev avTOC^; avOt<;
eXeyev, i/ceXevae Se tt/jo? toI<; lepoL<; t6t€ yiyvecrOat,
Kol yap avTo<; pivelaOai. 6 he l€po<pdvT7]<^ ovk
e^ovXero irape'x^ecv rd lepd, fir) yap dv irore iiv?](7at
yor)Ta, p^TjSe T7]v RXevcrlva dvol^ai dvOpcoTTO) p^rj
KaOapcp rd hatp^ovia. o he AttoXXoovw^ ovhev iiiro
TOVTwv 7]TT(ov avTOv yevopLevo'^, " oinro)" e(f>r], " to
pieyidTOV, mv eyd) eyKXrjOelrjv dv, eipr/Ka<;, otl irepl
rr](; reXer^? irXeio) rj crv yiyvooaKwv, eyco he &>?
Trapd (Tocpcorepov epiavTOv pivr](7op.evo<; rfKOovT
eTraiveadvTcov he tmv Trapovrcov, co? eppcopiev(o<; Kal
TTapairXrja io)<; avTw dTreKpivaTO, 6 puev iepo(j)dvTrj<i,
eTrechr] e^eipywv avrov ov (fylXa toI<; 7roXXol<; iho/cei
TTpdrretv, puere^aXe tov tovov /cat, *' pLvovT €^V>
" <ro0o9 ydp Tt? TjKetv eotfca^;,
6 he ^ A7roXXcovLO<;
pbvrjaopiai, ecprj, avuL<;, pivijaei be pie o ceiva,
irpoyvooaei ')(^p(opL€vo<; e<; tov /xer e/celvov lepocpdvTtjv,
09 pL€Td TeTTUpa €Trj TOV UpOV TTpOVaTTj.
386
LIFE OF APOLLONJUS, BOOK IV
celebrate the mysteiy at a second sacrifice after chap.
both proclamation and victims have been offered; and ^^^^^
this custom was instituted in honour of Asclepiiis, jj^/^jj^^^qJ'j^j
because they still initiated him when on one EpidaurLm
occasion he arrived from Epidaurus too late for ^ ^^^
the mysteries. Now most people neglected the
initiation and hung around Apollonius, and thought
more of doing that than of being perfected in their
religion before they went home ; but Apollonius
said that he would join them later on^ and urged
thein to attend at once to the rites of religion,
for that he himself would be initiated. But the
hierophant was not disposed to admit him to the
rites, for he said that he would never initiate a
wizard and charlatan, nor open the Eleusinian rite to
a man who dabbled in impure rites. Thereupon
Apollonius, fully equal to the occasion, said : " You
have not yet mentioned the chief of my offence,
which is that knowing, as I do, more about the
initiatory rite than you do yourself, I have never-
theless come for initiation to you, as if you were
wiser than I am." The bystanders applauded these
words, and deemed that he had answered with vigour
and like himself; and thereupon the hierophant, since
he saw that his exclusion of Apollonius was not by
any means popular with the crowd, changed his tone
and said : " Be thou initiated, for thou seemest to be
some wise man that has come here." But Apollonius
replied : " I will be initiated at another time, and it
is so and so," mentioning a name, ^"^who will initiate
me." Herein he showed his gift of prevision, for he
glanced at the hierophant who succeeded the one he
addressed, and presided over the temple four years
later.
387
c c 2
XIX
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XIX
CAP. Ta? Be 'A67]vr](Tt 8i,arpt/3a^ irXeicTTa^ fxev 6 Aa-
/At? 'yeveaSai (prjcrl tw avhpi, ypdyfraL 8e ov Tracra?,
aWa TCLf; avayKaLa<; re /cal irepl fieydXcov airovSa-
aOelaa^;. Tr)v piev St] 7rp(OTT]V hiaXe^LV, eVetSr)
(j)L\oOvTa<; Tou? 'AOtivalov^ elSev, vrrep lepcov
hieXe^aro, /cal m av rt^ e? to eKaaTcp rwv decov
ol/cetov Kol TrrjvUa Be Trj<^ r)/jLepa<; re Kal vv/cro<=; r/
dvoL fj airevBoL rj €i;;)^otTO, /cal ^l^Xlm 'AttoWcovlov
7rpo(TTVx^^v eo-Ttv, iv o5 ravra rfj eavTOV cjywvfj
eKBiBd(T/c€L. BtriXOe Be ravra ' AOr)VJ]ai irpoiTOV
fiev vTTep ao(j)La<; avrov re KaKeivayv, elr eXeyx^^
TOP i€po(j)dvTrjv Bl a pXaa^r^pLW^ re /cal cifxa-
Oax; eliT€' rt? yap hi wr)Or] ra Baifiovia p.rj
fcaOapov elvai, top (piXoaocpovvTa, ottco? ol Oeoi
OepairevTeoi ;
XX
CAP. AiaXeyopuevov Be avrov irepl tov airevBeLu, irap-
^^ k-Tvye pev tS Xoyo) p^eipaKiov rdv d^p(ov ovtco<^
daeXyk vop.L^6p.evov, 009 yeveaOai irore /cat
dfia^MV aap^a, TrarpU Be avro^ Kep/cvpa r)v Kal e?
'AXklvovv dve(f)epe tov ^evov tov 'OBvaaem tov
<^aia/cay /cal Biyeu fiev 6 'AiroXXcovio^; irepl tov
388
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
XIX
Many were the discourses which according to chap.
XI X
Damis the sage delivered at Athens : though he did
Lectures the
not write down all of theni^ but only the more Athenians
important ones in which he handled great subjects, ^n Rehgion
He took then for the topic of his first discourse the
matter of rites and ceremonies^ and this because he
saw that the Athenians were much addicted to
sacrifices ; and in it he explained how a religious man
could best adapt his sacrifice^ his libation, or prayers
to any particular divinity, and at what hours of day
and night he ought to offer them. And it is possible
to obtain a book of Apollonius, in which he gives
instructions on these points in his own words. But
at Athens he discussed these topics with a view to
improving his own wisdom and that of others in the
first place, and in the second of convicting the
hierophant of blasphemy and ignorance in the
remarks he had made ; for who could continue to
regard as one impure in his religion a man who
taught philosophically how the worship of the gods
is to be conducted ?
XX
Now while he was discussing the question of chap.
libations, there chanced to be present in his audience ^^
a young dandy who bore so evil a reputation for .^a^moniiic
licentiousness, that his conduct had once been the youth who
\ • . n . . TT-T- mocked at
subject oi coarse street-corner songs. His home was hini
Corcyra, and he traced his pedigree to Alcinous tlie
Pliaeacian who entertained Odysseus. ApoUonius then
389
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. (TTrevBetv, eKeXeve Se fjbrj iriveiv tov iroTrjpiov
TOVTOV, (pyXdrretv Be avro toc<^ 6€ol<^ d'^^pavrov
re /cat dirorov. irrel he koI Mra eKekevae rcS
L
TTOTrjpUp TTOielaOai Koi airevSetv Kara to ov<;,
d<p 01) /jLepov<; rjKLGTa TTivovaiv dvOpcoiroL, to
fieipcLKLov KaTeaKeSaae tov Xojov irXaTvv re
KaX daeXyi] yiXcoTU' 6 Be dvalBXey^a^; e? avTo,
" ov avT €(j>r}, " TavTU vl3pi^ei<;, dXX^ 6 Bai/JLcov, 09
eXavvei ae ovk elBoTa." iXeXrjOec Be dpa Baifiovcov
TO jJueLpcLKLOv ijeXa re yap ecj) ol^ ovBeX<; eTepo^
Kol [xeTe^aXXev e<; to fcXdetv aiTuav ovk e-)(ov,
BieXeyeTo re 7rpo<; eavTov koI fjBe. koX ol jxev
TToXXol TTjv veoTTfTa (TKLpTMGav wovTO eK<^epeiv
avTo 69 TavTa, 6 8' vTreKpiveTO dpa tc3 BaljuovL Kal
iBo/cet irapoivelv, a eTrapwvei t6t€, opMVTo^ re 69
avTo TOv ^AttoXXcovlov, BeBotfcoTcof; re fcal 6pyiX(o<;
(f)(ovd<; t](f)iei, to ecBcoXov, oiroaai /caofievcov Te Kal
aTpe^Xovfievcov elaiv, d^e^eaOai Te tov fiecpaKiov
iofjivv Kal fJirjBevl dvOpwTrcov efiiTeaelaOaL. tov Be
olov BeCTTTOTOV TT pO<^ dvBpdjToBoV TTOiKiXoV TTaVOVp-
yov Te Kal dvatBe<; Kal tcl TotavTa ^vv opyy
XeyovTO<;, Kal KeXevovTOs avTM ^vv TeKp,T]pLqy
diraXXdTTeaOai, " tov Betva
€(f>7), ** KaTafiaXco
dvBpidvTar Bel^a^ Ttvd tmv irepl ttjv BaaiXeiov
(TTodv, Trpo^ f) TavTa eirpdTTeTO' eVel Be dvBpia<^
vTreKivr)Or) irpcJTOV, eiTa eireae, tov jiev 0opv/3ov
390
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
was talking about libations, and was urging them not chap.
to drink out of a particular cup, but to reserve it for ^^
the gods, without ever touching it or drinking out of
it. But when he also urged them to have handles
on the cup, and to pour the libation over the handle,
because that is the part of the cup at which men are
least likely to drink, the youth burst out into loud
and coarse laughter, and quite drowned his voice.
Then /Vpollonius looked up at him and sa4d : "^ It is
not yourself that perpetrates this insult, but the
demon, who drives you on without your knowing it."
And in fact the }'outh was, without knowing it,
possessed by a devil ; for he would laugh at things
that no one else laughed at, and then he would fall
to weeping for no reason at all, and he would talk
and sing to himself. Now most people thought that
it was the boisterous humour of youth which led him
into such excesses ; but he was really the mouth-
piece of a devil, though it only seemed a drunken
frolic in which on that occasion he was indulging.
Xow when Apollonius gazed on him, the ghost in
him began to utter cries of fear and rage, such as
one hears from people who are being branded or
racked ; and the ghost swore that he would leave
the young man alone and never take possession of
any man again. But Apollonius addressed him with
anger, as a master might a shifty, rascally, and shame-
less slave and so on, and he ordered him to quit the
young man and show by a visible sign that he had done
so. " I will throw down yonder statue," said the devil,
and pointed to one of the images which was in the
king's })ortico, for there it was that the scene took
place. But when the statue began by mo\ ing gently,
^ud then fell down, it would defy anyone to describe
391
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Tov iirl TOVT(p KOI 609 i/cpoTTjaav vTTo OavfjiaTo^;, tl
av T£9 <ypd(f)ot; to 8e fieipaKLOv, oicnrep af^virviaav,
Tov^ T€ 6(f)0a\pov(; erpiyp^e /cal tt^o? 70-9 av<ya<;
TOV rfkiov elhev, alho) re iireaTrdaaTO iravTcov 69
avTo eaTpapL/jLevcov, do-eXye^; re ovfceTL icpaiveTO,
ovBe ciTaKTOv ^Xeirov, dW eTravrfkOev €9 T^t*
eavTOv (pvatv fjielov ovSev i) el (jiappaKOTroata
€Ke')(^pi]T0, * p,6Ta^a\ov re tmv )/\aviSicov koI
\r]hi(jov KOI TTj^ a\Xrj(; o-v/SdpiSo'^, 69 epcoTa rfkOev
av')(p.ov /cat Tpi^covo<; /cal 69 to, tov AttoWcovlov
TjOvj direhvaaTO.
XXI
CAP. 'ETTtTrXT^fai he XeyeTai irepl ALOvvatcov ^Adr)-
vaioci, a TTOLeiTai crcpLaLV ev wpa tov dvOeaTifpioy-
vo^' 6 pbev jdp pov(i)hia^ aKpoaaop^evov^; Koi
peXoiToda'^ irapapdoewv re koI pvOpoiv, oiroaoL
A:a)yLtft}Sta9 Te kol Tpaywhia^; elcrlv, eV to OeaTpov
^vp.(f)oiTdv (peTO, iirel Se ijfcovaev, otl avXov
v7ro(Tr}p.rjvavTO<; \vyL(Tp>ov<i op-x^ovvTai, koL pueTa^v
TrJ9 '0/)^ea)9 eTTOTToda^; Te /cal Oeo\oyLa<; tcl pbev
ft)9 ^flpac, TCL 8e ft)9 ^vpLCpat, tcl Be 6)<; Bd/cxai^
TTpdTTOvacv, 69 eTTLTrXij^iv TOVTOV /caTeaTTj, /cal,
" TravcracrOe,
elirev, " e^op^ovpievoL tov<; SaXa-
pbLViov^ /cal 7roXXoL'9 eTepov^ KeipLevov<; dyaOov'^
dvhpa^, el pbev yap Aa/cwvi/crj TavTa 6p^iicn<i,
evye ol aTpaTicoTac, yvpuvd^eaOe yap TroXep^M Kal
392
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
the hubbub which arose thereat and the way they chap.
clapped their hands with wonder. But the young ^^
man rubbed his eyes as if he had just woke upland he
looked towards the rays of the sun^ and won the con-
sideration of all who now had turned their attention to
him ; for he no longer showed himself licentious^ nor
did he stare madly about^ but he had returned to his
own self, as thoroughly as if he had been treated with
drugs ; and he gave up his dainty dress and summery
garments and the rest of his sybaritic way of life,
and he fell in love with the austerity of philosophers,
and donned their cloak, and stripping off his old self
modelled his life in future upon that of Apollonius.
XXI
And he is said to have rebuked the Athenians for chap.
their conduct of the festival of Dionysus, which they ^^^
hold at the season of the month Anthesterion. For ^theilian
when he saw them flocking to the theatre he levity at
imagined that they were going to listen to solos and Dionysus
com})ositions in the way of processional and
rhythmic hymns, such as are sung in comedies and
tragedies ; but when he heard them dancing
lascivious jigs to the rondos of a flute, and in the
midst of the solemn and sacred music of Orpheus
striking attitudes as the Hours, dV as nymphs, or as
bacchants, he set himself to rebuke their
proceedings, and said :
Stop dancing away the
reputations of the victors of Salamis as well as of
many other good men departed this life. For if
indeed this were a Lacedaemonian form of dance, I
would say, '^ Bravo, soldiers ; for you are training
yourselves for war, ancl I will join in your dance ' ;
JVO
rc'-J-»o^ /-?/
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ^vvop'^'^aofiaL, el Be airakr] koI e? to 9rj\v cnrev-
hovaa, Tt ^co irepl tmv rpoTraicov ; ou yap fcara
yiijScov ravra rj YlepcTMV, KaO vjjlcov Se eariq^ei,
t6)v avaOevTwv avra el XiiroKrOe. KpoKcorol Se
v/jlIv /cal aXovpyta fcal KO/c/co/Sacfyia TOcavTT] iroOev ;
ovSe yap at ^ A^^apvai ye ooBe eareWovro, ovSe 6
Ko\o)vo<; o)Be LTTTreve. /cal tl Xeyo) ravra ; yvvr)
vavap')(o^ e/c Y^apia^ e(p vp.a<; errXevae jmera
Piep^ov, fcal r}v avrfj yvvat/celov ovSev, aW dvBpo^;
aroXr) koI orrXa, vfjiel^ Se afBporepoi rcov Hep^ov
yvvaLKO)v ecf eavrov<; areXXea6e ol yepovre<; ol
veoi ro e(^r)l3iK6v, ol irdXai pbev cofxvvaav e?
AypavXov cpocrcovre^; virep tt}? TvarpiSo^; diroOa-
velaOat Kal oirXa OrjaecrOat, vvv he tcrw? ofiovvrac
vrrep ry)^; irarpiBo^; ^a/c^^evcreiv /cal Ovpaov
Xr)y^ecr9aL, Kopvv fiev ovSep^lav (pepov, yvvatfco/jiip.(p
8e fjLop(f>ci)p.ari, Kara rov l^vptirihrjv, atV^/^w?
hiaTTpeTTov. aKova) Be vfjid^; Kal dvep,ov<; yiyveaOai,
Kal Xrjhia dvaaeleiv Xeyeade emiTXa /jberecopoy^i
avra KoX7rovvre<;. ^eSet Be dXXd rovrov^ ye alBel-
aOaiy f f yLt/Aa^oi;? ovra<; Kal 7rvevcravra<; virep v/jlcov
fieya, fnjBe rov ^opeav KijBearijv ye ovra Kal
irapd irdvra^i rov<; dve/jiov^ apaeva TToielaOai
OrjXvv, ovBe yap rrj<i Q^peiOvia^ €pa(Trr]<^ av irore o
Bopea<; eyevero, el KiiKeivriv op-^ovp.evrjv elBe.^^
394
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
but as it is a soft dance and one of effeminate chap.
tendency, what am I to say of your national ^^^
trophies? Not as monuments of shame to the
Medians or Persians, but to your own shame they
will have been raised, should you degenerate so much
from those who set them up. And what do you
mean by your saffron robes and your purple and
scarlet raiment ? For surely the Acharnians never
dressed themselves up in this way, nor ever the
knights of Colonus rode in such a garb. And why
do I say this ? A woman commanded a ship from
Caria and sailed against you with Xerxes, and about
her there was nothing womanly, but she wore the
garb and armour of a man ; but you are softer than
tlie women of Xerxes' day, and you are dressing
yourselves up to your own despite, old and young
and tender youth alike, you who of old flocked to
the temple of Agraulus in order t(j swear to die in
battle on behalf of the fatherland. And now it
seems that the same people are ready to swear
to become bacchants and don the thyrsus in behalf
of their country ; and no one bears a helmet, but
disguised as female harlequins, to use the phrase of
Euripides, they shine in shame alone. Nay more, I Eurip.
hear that you turn yourselves into winds, and wave .f^*^^^
your skirts, and pretend that you are ships bellying
their sails aloft. But surely you might at least have
some respect for the winds that were your allies and
once blew mightily to protect you, instead of turning
Boreas who was your patron, and who of all the winds
is the most masculine, into a woman ; for Boreas
would never have become the lover of Oreithya, if
he had seen her executing, like you, a skirt dance."
395
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XXII
^^1'^ ALcopOovTO Se K(iK€tvo W^Oi^vrjaLV ol WOyvatoi
^vvL0VTe<; eV Oearpov to vito rrj aKpoiroXei
'Trpo<jel')(^ov (Kpayal^; avOpcoircov, /cal iairovha^ero
ravra eKel p,aWov rj ev HopivOo) vvv, y^p-qfjiaTwv
T€ p^ydXcov icovTj/jievoL ijyovro fiot^ol Kal iropvoL
/cal TOi')(^odpv)(OL Kal /SaXavTCOTo/jioi Kal avhpa-
TToSicrral Kal ra roiavra eOvrj, ol 6* mttXi^ov
auTou? Kal eKeXevov ^vfiiTiirTeiv. iXd/Sero 8e Kal
TOVTCOV AtToXXcOVLO'^, Kal KaXo{jVT(jdV aVTOV €9
eKKXrjcFLav AOyvatcov ovk av ecf)r} irapeXOelv e?
')((opiov cLKcbOapTov Kal XvOpov fxearov. eXeye Be
ravra iv eTnaroXy. Kal Oavfid^eiv eXeyev " ottco^
T) 6eo<; ov Kal rrjv CLKpoiroXiv r^hrj eKXeiTrec roiovrov
alpxi vp^MV eK'^eovrwv avrfj. BoKelre yap p.oi rrpo-
iovre^;, eTTeihav ra UavaOijvaia Tre/jLinjre, p.7]8e
ySoO? ere, aXX* eKar6p.fia<; civOpcoTTcov KaraOvaetv
rfi 06(0. av Se, Aiovvae, p^era roiovrov alp^a e? ro
Oearpov (pocra^; ; KaKel ctol airevSovacv ol ao(f)ol
^AOrjvaloi ; p^erdarrjOi Kal av, Acovvae' J^tOaLpoov
KaOapcorepo^;.^^ rotdBe evpov rd airovhaiorara
r(t)v (pi,Xoao(j)r]Oevra)v ^AOijvrjaLv avro) rore.
XXIII
CAP. ^EtTTpea/Sevae 8e Kal irapd rov<=; i^)erraXov<^ vTrep
rov 'A^iA,Xea)9 Kara rov<; iv TLvXaia ^vXXoyov^,
396
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
XXII
He also corrected the tbllowino^ abuse at Athens, chap.
The Athenians ran in crowds to the theatre beneath
the Acropolis to witness human slaughter^ and the criticism of
passion for such sports was stronger there than it is gladiatorial
. ^ . 1 1 ft 111 r I shows in
in Connth to-day ; tor they would buy tor large sums Athens
adulterers and fornicators and burglars and cut-
purses and kidnappers and such-like rabble, and
then they took them and armed them and set
them to fight with one another. Apollonius then
attacked these practices, and when the Athenians
invited him to attend their assembly, he refused to
enter a place so impure and reeking with gore.
And this he said in an epistle to them ; he said that
he was surprised " that the goddess had not already
quitted the Acropolis, when 30U shed such blood
under her eyes. For I suspect that presently, when
you are conducting the pan-Athenaic procession, you
will no longer be content with bulls, but will be
sacrificing hecatombs of men to the goddess. And
thou, O Dionysus, dost thou after such bloodshed
frequent their theatre ? And do the wise among
the Athenians pour libations to thee there ? Nay
do thou depart, O Dionysus. Holier and purer is
thy Cithaeron."
Such were the more serious of the subjects which
I have found he treated of at that time in Athens
in his philosophic discourses.
XXIII
» And he also went as envoy to the Thessalians in chap.
behalf of Achilles at the time of the conferences ^^'^^
397
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. iv ol<; ol %eTTaXo\ ra ^Afiipi/CTVOVLfca Trpdrrovcrtv,
ol Se h€i(TavT6<^ iyjr7](j)iaavro avaXa^elv ra irpoai]-
Kovra Tco Ta<^6). koI to AecjviSov arj/jia rod
^irapTtdrov /jlovovov irepie^aXev dyaaOel^ tov
avopa. eiTL be tov koKoovov paoiL,wv, e(p ov
XeyovTUL AaKeBaLfiovtOL Trepi^coaOrjvaL rot? To^ev-
jiacFiv, i']Kov(J€ TO)v o/jLiXtjtmv hia^epopievoDV
dWrfKoi^;, 6 tl €L7] to vyjrrfKoTaTOV ttj^ 'EXXaSo?,
7Tapel')(€ he apa tov \6<yov rj OItt] to 6po<; iv
oc^OaXpLol'^ ovaa, Koi dveXOoov eirl tov X6(f)ov,
ey(v" e(f)7j, " to vyjrrjXoTaTOV tovto rjyovfiaL, ol
yap evTavOa virep eXevOepia^ drroOavovTe^; dvTavr)-
yayov avTo tj} Olttj /cal virep iroXXovf; ^OXv/jlttov^
rjpav. iyco 8e dyafxai puev koi TovaSe tou? dvSpa<;,
TOV Se ^Afcapvdva M.eyiaTLav fcal irpo tovtcov, d
yap Tretcro/jLevov^ eyiyvcoafce, tovtcov eireOvp^rjae
KOLVcovTjaai toI<; dvSpdacv, ov to diroOavelv Belaa*;,
dXXa TO fieTa TOLMvhe /jut) Tedvdvat,^
CAP. XXIV
XXIV
^EjTTe^oLTTjae Se kgX T0Z9 ^XXr]VLKOL<; lepol^;
Trdai Tc5 T€ AcoScovaiO) Kal tc3 IlvOtfcco Kai tm iv
I i I i I
W^aL<;, 69 ^A/jLcpidped) t6 Kal TpocfxDViov e^dStae
Kal 69 TO Movaetov to iv KXikcovc dve^r).
cf)OLTCovTi Be 69 Ta lepd Kal Siopdovfievo) avTa
^vve(f)OLTO)V jxev ol Cep6i<;, rjKoXovOovv he ol yvcopi-
398
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
held in Pylaea^ at which the TliessaUans transact the chai'.
Ampliictyonic business. And tliey were so frightened '
that they passed a resohition for the resumption of xhessaiy.
the ceremonies at the tomb. As for the monument Eulogy of
of Leonidas the Spartan^ he ahnost surrounded it
with a shrine, out of admiration for the hero ; and
as he was coming to the mound where the Lacedae-
monians are said to have been overwhehned by the
bolts which the enemy rained upon them, he heard
his companions discussing with one another which
was the loftiest hill in Hellas, this topic being
suggested it seems by the sight of the mountain of
Oeta whicli rose before their eyes ; so ascending the
mound, he said : " I consider this the loftiest spot of
all, for those who fell here in defence of freedom
raised it to a level with Oebi and carried it to a
height surpassing many mountains like Olympus.
It is these men that I admire, and beyond any of
them Megistias the Acarnanian ; for he knew the
death that they were about to die, and deliberately
made up his mind to share in it with these heroes,
fearing not so much death, as the j^rospect that he
should miss death in such com})any."
XXIV
And he also visited all the Greek shrines, namely chap.
that of Dodona, and the Pythian temple, and the ^xiv
one at Abac, and he betook himself to those of V^^*^^ Greek
^ shrines
Amphiareus and of Trophonius, and he went up to
the shrine of the Muses on Mount Helicon. And
when he visited these temples and corrected the
rites, the priests went in his company, and the
399
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. jjioi, Xoycov T€ KpaTrip€(; 'to-ravTO koI r/pvovro
avTOiv ol Bi-\lr(ovr€<;. ovroov he koI ^OXvjj/irioiv koI
KokovvTcov avTov ^HXeucop iirl KOivwviav rov ayoi)-
j^09, *' SoKelre /mot" ecfirj, " Bta^aXketv rrjv rcov
^OXv/uLTTioyv ho^av TTpea/SeoMV heofxevoL irpo<; tov<;
avToOev Tj^ovra^.'^ yevofxeixo'^ he Kara rov 'liaOfiov
/jLVKr](Tafiepr)<; r/}? Trepl to Kexaiov Oa\dm]'i,
- ' ovTO<;,^^ eiTrev, "o av^V^ 'rO?7^'> rer/jiija-eTai, fiaX-
\ov Be ov^ el^e Se avrco kol tovto Trpopprjo-tv rrj^i
fic/cpov varepov irepl rov 'laO/aop rofMrjf;, rjv fiera
err) eiTTa ^epcov BcevoTjOr)' tcl yap /SaaiXeLa SkXc-
TTCOV 69 Ti]V ^^WciSa acfiLKeTO Kr)pvy^aaiv VTroOrj-
aoDV eavTov ^OXvfjuTnicol^^ re kol TlvdiKol'i, eviKa 3e
KoX 'lad/jLol' at he vifcat rjorav Kt.Oapcphiat koX
KrjpVKe<^, evLKa he koL rpayo)hov<; ev 'OXvixirla.
Tore Xeyerai kol tj}? Trepl rov ^laOfiov KaLvoroiJbLas
ayfraaOat, irepi'TrXovv avrov epya^o/xevof; koI rov
Klyalov TcS ^Ahpla ^ufi/BdWcov, ax? fjurj Trdaa vav<;
virep Is/iaXeav irXeoL, fcofxi^ocvro re al iroXXal hta
rod pr)yiJbaro<i ^vvre/jLvovaai ra? irepi^oXa<^ rov
irXov. irrj he aTre^r] ro rov ^AttoXXcovlov Xoytov;
T) opvxv "^V^ ^PX^^ ^'^^ Ke'X^ciiov Xa/3ovaa crrdhca
irpov^rj L(ru><; rerrapa ^vve'^co^; opvrrovrcov, cr')(eiv
he Xeyerai ^epcov rr)v ro/iir]v ol ixev AlyvTrrlcov
400
I
i
I
lifp: of apollonil s. book iv
votaries followed in his steps, and goblets were set chap.
up flowing with rational discourse and the thirsty ^^^^
quaffed their wine. And as the Olympic Games is invited to
were coming on, and the people of Elis invited him ^^^^^ '^"^^^'^
to take part in the contest, he answered : " You
seem to me to tarnish the glory of the Olympic
Games, if you need to send special invitations to
those who intend to visit you from this very
land." And he was at the Isthmus, when the sea Predicts
was roaring around Lechaeum, and hearing it he isthraian
said: "This neck of land shall be cut through, or canal
rather it shall not be cut." And herein he uttered
a prediction of the cutting of the Isthmus which was
attempted soon afterwards, when Nero in the
seventh year of his reign projected it. For the
latter left his imperial palace and came to Hellas,
with the intention of submitting himself to the
heralds' commands, in the 01}Tiipic and Pythian
festivals ; and he also won the prize at the Isthmus, .
his victories being won in the contest of singing
to the harp and in that of the heralds. And he also
won the })rize for tragedians at Olympia. It is said
that he then formed the novel project of cutting
through the Isthmus, in order to make it possible
for ships to sail right round and by it, and to
unite the Aegean with the Adriatic Sea. So instead
of every ship having to round Cape Malea, most
by passing through the canal so cut could abridge
an otherwise circuitous vovao;e. But mark the
upshot of the oracle delivered by Apollonius. They
began to dig the canal at Lechaeum, but they had not
advanced more than about four stadia of continuous
excavation, when Nero stopped the work of cutting
it, some say because Egyptian men of science
401
VOL. I. D D
FLA VI us PHILOSTRATLS
CAP. (f)L\o(rocf)i]advT(ot^ avrS ra? OaKaTTa^i koI to virep
Ae^alov 7reXayo<i V7rep')(y6ev acjyavielv elTropjcov
Tr]v KX^yLvav, ol he vecorepa irepl rrj ap')(r) heicravra.
TOIOVTOV IJL6V Bf) TOV ^ AlToWciivioV TO TOV ^loOfXOV
TerfjLrjo-eaOai kol ov T6Tfiyjaea6ai.
XXV
^^' ^Ev JLopivOci) Se ^i\o(TO(j>(x)v eTvyx^ave rore Ai]fjLi]-
Tpto<i, avrjp ^vi'etX7](j>a)<; awav to iv KvviKy Kpdro^,
ov ^ajBoiplvo^ varepov iv 7roWol<; rSyv eavrov Xo-
lycov ovK dy€PVCO<; inreiivrjcrOT], iraOcov Be 7r/309 toz^
^AttoWcoviov, oirep (j>aa\ rov 'Avrtadevrjv tt^oo? ttjv
TOV XcoKpuTOV^; ao(f>tav iraOelv, eiireTO avTw jxaOrj-
TLoiyv Kol Trpoafcetfjievof; tol<; X6yoL<;, koI tcov avT^
yvoypu/jicovTov^ €vBoKLfi(OTepov<; eirl tov AttoWcovlov
eTpeirev, mv koI Mei^tTTTTO? rjv o Avklo<;, €Tr) fiep ye-
yovoy^i rrevTe /cat ecKoarc, yvayfirjf; Be iKavcof; e)(^cov koX
TO acdpia ev KaTeaKevaapievo^y ecpKei yovv ddXrjTfj
KoXo) fcal iXevOeplw to elSo?. epaaOai Be tov Me-
VLTTTTOV OL TToWol COOVTO VTTO yVVaUOV ^eVOV, TO Be
yvvatov Kokrj Te e^aiveTO fcal iKavcof; dfipd, kol I
TrXovTelv ecpaa/cev, ovBev Be tovtcov dpa aTep^i^w?
^v, dWd eBoKet irdvTa. KaTa yap ttjv oBov tyjv iirl
K.€yxo€a<; fiaBl^ovTt avTco p.6v(p, (fydafia ivTVXov
yvvrj Te iyeveTo, Koi X^^P^ ^vvrjyfrev epdv avTov
irdXai ^dcTKovaa, ^oivcaaa Be elvat kol oiKelv iv
402
i
IJFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
explained to him the nature of the seas^ and declared chap.
that the sea above LecTiaeum would flood and ^^^^
obliterate the island of Aegina, and others because
he apprehended a revolution in the empire. Such
then was the meaning of Apollonius' j)rediction that
the Isthmus would be cut through and would not be
cut through.
XXV
Now there was in Corinth at that time a man chap.
named Demetrius, who studied philosophy and had -^^^
embraced in his system all the masculine vigour of the of^M^n^pus
Cynics. Of him Favorinus in several of his own works !*»(i t^ie
subsequently made the most generous mention, and
his attitude towards Apollonius was exactly that
which they say Antisthenes took up towards the
system of Socrates ; for he followed him and was
anxious to be his disciple, and was devoted to his
doctrines, and converted to the side of Apollonius the
more esteemed of his own pupils. Among the latter
was Menippus a Lycian of twenty-five years of age,
well endowed with good judgment, and of a
physique so beautifully proportioned that in mien he
resembled a fine and gentlemanly athlete. Now
this Menippus was supposed by most people to be
loved by a foreign woman, who was good-looking and
extremely dainty, and said that she was rich ;
although she was really, as it turned out, none
of these things, but was only so in semblance. For
as he was walking all alone along the road towards
Cenchreae, he met with an apparition, and it was a
woman who clasped his hand and declared that she
had been long in love with him, and that she was a
403
D D 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
t:;AP. TTpoaarelo) t^9 "KopovOov, to Secva elirovaa
A. A V
Trpodareiov, " i^ b eairepa^,^^ ecf)!], " dcjiiKOfievo)
(Toc wSr) T6 vTrdp^et efxov aSovar](; koI olvo^, olov
oviroi eVie?, koL ovhe avrepaarrji; ivo^Xijaei ae,
^Loocro/jLaL Be koKt) ^vv koXm. tovtoc<; V7ra')(6e\^ 6
veavla^i, rrjv fjuev yap dW7]v ^i\oao(^iav eppcoro,
T(ji)v Ze ipcDTLKMV 7]TTr)T0, i(f>OLT-qa€ TTspl kairepav
avTTJ Kol Tov \oL7rov '^povov iddfjic^ev, wairep
TTaiStKol^;, ovTTco ^f j^el? tov (f)d(T/jLaTO<;.
'O Be ^AttoWcovio^; avSpcavroTroiov Bi/crjv e<; tov
^lepiTTTTov ^XeiTCDv e^wypdcj^ec tov veaviav koL \
iOewpei, KaTajvov<; BeavTov, " crv fjuevToi,^^ elirev, " o
KaXo'^ re Kal vtto tmv fcdXcov yvvat/cMV 6r]pev6/jievo<;
6(j)iv Od\7ret<; Kal ae 00^?." Oav/iidaavTO<i Be tgv
^levLTTTTov, "oTL yvvrj aoi,^^ €(j)rj,
eaTlv ov yafieTi].
TL ce ; 7]yr) vir avT7)<^ epaauac: vrj /\i , enrev,
- eireiBr) BidKetTai 7rp6<; fie w? epoiaa^ " Kal
yrjfjLaci o av avTrjv; e(prj. '^aptev yap av etrj
TO dyairthaav yrjp,aiy ijpeTO ovv, " jn-jViKa ol
yapiOL; uep/moi, e<pr), Kac i(to)<; avpcov. eiri-
(f)v\d^a(; OVV tov tov crv/jLTrocnov Katpov o 'AttoX-
Xcovco'; Kal iincrTd^ tol<; BaiTvpLoaiv dpTL r^Kovai,
TTov, ecpT], 7) appa, oi 7)v rjKeTe; evTavua,
elirev 6 Meyt7r7ro9 Kal dfxa viraviaTaTO ipvOpLwv.
464
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
Phoenician woman and lived in a suburb of Corinth^ chap.
and she mentioned the name of the particular ^^^
suburb, and said : " When you reach the place this
evening, you will hear my voice as I sing to you, and
you shall have wine such as you never before drank,
and there will be no rival to disturb you ; and we
two beautiful beings will live together." The youth
consented to this, for although he was in general a
strenuous philosopher, he was nevertheless sus-
ceptible to the tender passion ; and he visited her in
the evening, and for the future constantly sought
her company by way of relaxation, for he did not
yet realise that she was a mere apparition.
Then Apollonius looked over Menippus as a
sculptor might do, and he sketched an outline of
the youth and examined iiim, and having observed
his foibles, he said : "^ You are a fine youth and are
hunted by fine women, but in this case you are
cherishing a serpent, and a serpent cherishes you."
And when Menippus expressed his surprise, he
added : " For this lady is of a kind you cannot
marry. Why should you ? Do you think that she
loves you ? " " Indeed I do," said the youth, " since
she behaves to me as if she loves me." "And would
you then marry her?" said Apollonius. "Why,
yes, for it would be delightful to marry a woman
who loves you." Thereupon Apollonius asked when
the wedding was to be. " Perhaps to-morrow," said
the other, "for it brooks no delay." Apollonius there-
fore waited for the occasion of the wedding breakfast,
and then, presenting himself before the guests who
had just arrived, he said : " Where is the dainty
lady at whose instance ye are come ? " " Here she
is," replied Menippus, and at the same moment he
405
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ** o Se apyvpo<; koI 6 ')(^pvao<; koX tcl Xotird, ol<; 6
Jv A. V
avhpwv KeKO(Tjxi']Taiy iroTepov v/jlcov;^^ " T779 'yvvai-
fco<;,^^ ecfyt], " Tafxa "yap TOcraOra," hei^a^ rov
eavTOv Tpiffayva.
O Be *A7roXXct)z^t09, " tov<; TavrdXov /c^ttov^,'^
e<pr}, 6Ld6T€, ft)9 01^76? ovfc eiai; Trap U/xr/po)
76," 6<j)aaav, " ov yap e? AIlSov ye KaTaj3dvTe<^y
- tout'," €0^, ** /i:al TOVTOvl rbv Koapiov rjyecaOe,
OV yap vKr} eariv, aWa vXr]<; oo^a. &>? oe yt,-
yvoiCTKOiTe, o \eyco, rj XPV^'^V vv/jLcpr) fjiia tmv
i/jLTrovacov earcv, a? XayLtta? re Kal fiopfJLoXvKia^ J
ol TToWol r/yovvrat, epcocri 8' avrai, Kal d(f)poSc-
aicov fjiev, crapKcov Se fxdXiara dvOpcoTretcov ipMcrc
Kal TraXevovcrL T0t9 d(f)po8t(TiOL(;, 0^9 av e6e\co(TL
oaiaaauai. 7] oe, evcprj/juei, eXeye, Kai arrraye,
Kal /jLvaaTTeo-Oac iSoKec, a rjKove, Kal ttov Kal
direaKCdTTTe tol'9 (f)iKoa6(f)OV<^, o)^ del Xrjpovvra^.
eirel fievTOi rd iKTrcofiara rd ')(pvad Kal 6 Bokmv dp-
yvpo<; dvepbiala '^Xey')(dri, Kal BceiTTr) rwv 6(f>0aXfM(t)v
diravra, olvo')(^ooi re Kal oyjroTroLol Kal r) roiavrr]
depaireia irdaa 7](^avia6r)aav eXey^S/jLevot vtto
Tov ^ATToXXoyvLov, SaKpvovTC eoiKet to (f)d(T/xa, Kal
iBeiTO p>r) ^aaavL^eiv avro, fiTjSe dvayKu^eiv opoXo-
yelv, 6 Tt etrj, eTrcKecpiepov Be Kal /xr) dvievTO<^
e/jiirovad Te elvac e^rj Kal inalveiv rjBoval^; tov
406
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
rose slightly from his seat^ blushing. " And to chap.
which of you belongi the silver and gold and all the ^^^
rest of the decorations of the banqueting hall ? "
" To the lady/' replied the youth^
for this is all I
have of my own," pointing to the philosopher's cloak
which he wore.
And Apollonius said : " Have you heard of the
gardens of Tantalus, how they exist and yet do
not exist? " " Yes/' they answered, '^'^ in the poems
of Homer, for we certainly never went down to
Hades." ^'^As such," replied Apollonius, "you
must regard this world of ours, for it is not reality
but the semblance of reality. And that you may
realise the truth of what I say, this fine bride is
one of the vampires, that is to say of those beings
whom the many regard as lamias and hobgoblins.
These beings fall in love, and they are devoted to
the delights of Aphrodite, but especiall}^ to the flesh
of human beings, and they decoy with sucli delights
those whom they mean to devour in their feasts."
And the ladv said : " Cease vour ill-omened talk and
begone"; and she pretended to be disgusted at
what she heard, and in fact she was inclined to rail
at philosophers and say that they always talked
nonsense. When, however, the goblets of gold and
the show of silver were proved as light as air and all
fluttered away out of their sight, while the wine-
bearers and the cooks and all the retinue of servants
vanished before the rebukes of Apollonius, the
phantom pretended to weep, and prayed him not to
torture her nor to compel her to confess what she
really was. But Apollonius insisted and would not
let her off, and then she admitted that she was a
vampire, and was fattening up Menippus with
407
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
•CAP. M.€VL7r7rov e? ^paxrcv rov o-co/jbaro^;, ra yap KaXa
Tcov acdpcLTCdv KOI vea atTetaOai ivo/jn^ev, iireiSr)
aKpaL<pve<; avTol^ to al/jua. tovtov tov \6yov jvcopi-
/xcorarov roiv ^AttoWmvlov Tvy')(^dvovTa ef dvayKrj(;
i/ji7]/cvva, ycyvcocTKOvai, fiev yap 7r\eiov<; avrov, lire
fcaO^ ^EjWdSa pearjv 7rpa)(6evTa, ^vW-q^Srjv Se
avTov irapet\r^(^ao-iv, otl eXoi irore iv J^oplvOo)
\d/jLiav, o TC jubevTOL Trpdrrovaav Ka\ on virep
yievLTTTTOv, ovTTCo ycyvcoaKOvaLV, dWa Ad/jit8i re
Kol eK TCOV iiceivov Xoycov i/juol 6Lp7]Tac,
XXVI
CAP. cpr \ V"D' c> //] v» "XT'
XXVI lore /cat, iTpo<; Daaaov oi,rjve')(U'r) tov 6K Tr]<; Ko-
pivOov, iraTpaXoia^ yap ovto<^ Kal iSoKec Kal eire-
TTiCFTevTO, ao(f)iav Se eavTOv KaTeyjrevBeTO Kal
'^a\ivo^ ovK yjv €7rl ttj y\(jCiTTr). \otSopovp.€vov Se
avTov eVecr^ez^ o ^ KiroWayvio^^ , ol<; t€ iireaTecXev ol<;
T€ Bc€\e^6r] KaT avTOV. irdv yap, oirep 0)9 €9
TraTpaXouav eXeyev, dXrjOe<; iSoKec, p^rj yap dv ttotc
TOCovSe dvBpa 69 XocBopiav i/cweaelv, p^rjB^ av
elrrelv to p^rj 6v.
XXVII
CAP. Tct Be ev ^OXvp^jrla tov dvSpo^; TOiavTa' dviovTi
^^^^^ rro ^AttoWmvlm i<; ^OXvp^iriav iveTV')(^ov AaKcSacp^o-
408
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
pleasures before devouring his body^, for it was her chap,
habit to feed upon young and beautiful bodies, "^^^
because their blood is pure and strong. I have
related at length, because it was necessary to do
so, this the best-known story of Apollonius ; for
many people are aware of it and know that the
incident occurred in the centre of Hellas ; but they
have only heard in a general and vague manner that
he once caught and overcame a lamia in Corinth,
but they have never learned what slit was about, nor
that he did it to save Menippus, but I owe my own
account to Damis and to the work which he wrote.
XXVI
It was at this time also that he had a difference chap.
with Bassus of Corinth ; for the latter was regarded ^^^^
as a parricide and believed to be such. But he ^Jth^the^^^
feigned a wisdom of his own, and no bridle could parricide
be set u})on liis tongue. However, Apollonius put
a stop to his reviling himself, both by the letters
which he sent him, and the harangues which he
delivered against him. For everything which he
said about his being a parricide was held to be
true ; for it was felt that such a man would never
have condescended to mere personal abuse, nor to
have said what was not true.
XXVII
The career of our sage in Olympia was as follows : chap.
when Apollonius was on his way up to Olympia, ^^"^^^
409
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. vicov TTpeo-pei^ virep ^vvovaia^, AaKCOvcKov Be ovhev
irepi avTOV<; ecpaivero, aW apporepov avrcov efy^ov
Koi crvfidpcBo<; fiearol rjaav. IScov Se dvBpa<; Xetof 9
ra a/ce\r], XtTrapoix; Ta<; /co/jLa<; koI /jirjSe yeveiOi<^
'^p(0/uL€VOV<i, dWa fcal rrjv iaOrjra fiaXuKoix;,
Totavra Trpo? tov<; e(^6pov^ iireo-reiXev, 009 eKeivov^
KTjpvyfxa iroirjaaaOaL hrjfjboaia, rrjv re irLrrav tmv
^a\av6iO)v e^aipovvra^, koi Td<^ 7rapaTL\Tpia<^
e^e\avvovTa<;, 69 to ap^alov re Ka6 Laraiievov^
iravra, oOev TraXaiarpaL re. dvij^rjaav koi cnrovhai,
Kol ra (pcXiTta iiravrjXOe, koi iyevero rj AaKeSac-
fioov eavjfi o/noia. fiaOcbv Se avTov<; rd olkol
StopOov/jbivov;, €7r€/J,yjr€v eincrToXrjv dir 'OXi//>fc7r/a9
^pa-^VTepav rrj^ AaKa)i/iKrj(; aKvrdXrjf;. ecrn he
ijSe'
" AttoXXcovco^; i<p6pot<; ')(aipeiv.
AvSpcov fjuev TO jJLT] dpuaprdveiv, yevvaicov 8e to /cat
dfjuapTdvovTa^; alcrOeadai.
XXVIII
CAP. ^IBoDv Be €9 TO 6^09 TO €V 'OXvaTTua, " 'valpe'^
XXVIII r- t A. r
elirev, " djaOe Zev, orv yap ovtco tl dyaOo<;, 0)9 f^al
aavTOV KOLVwvrjaaL T0t9 dv6pco7roi-<;. e^r^yrjaaTO
410
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
some envoys of the Lacedaemonians met him and chap.
asked him to visit their city ; there seemed^ how-
,1 r*cj_ij_ii X" Rebukes the
ever, to be no appearance or l^parta about them, tor laxityof the
they conducted themselves in a very effeminate i^partaus
manner and reeked of luxury. And seeing them to
have smooth legs, and sleek hair, and that they did
not even wear beards, nay were even dressed in
soft raiment, he sent such a letter to the Ephors
that the latter issued a public proclamation and for-
bade the use of pitch plasters in the baths,^ and
drove out of the city the women who professed to
rejuvenate dandies,- and they restored the ancient
regime in every respect. The consequence was that
the wrestling grounds were filled once more with
the youth, and the jousts and the common meals
were restored, and Lacedaemon became once more
like herself. And when he learned that they had
set their house in order, he sent them an epistle
from Olympia, briefer than any cipher despatch of
ancient Sparta ; and it ran as follows : —
" Apollonius to the Ephors sends salutation.
" It is the duty of men not to fall into sin, but of
noble men, to recognise that they are doing so."
XXVIII
And looking at the statue set up at Olympia, chap.
he said : " Hail, O thou good Zeus, for thou art so V
good that thou dost impart thine own nature unto the statue '^
mankind." "f^^i^"
^ Adhesive plasters were used to remove superfluous hair
from the body, - Literally " hair-pluckers."
411
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Be fcal rov yaXKovv ^llXcova /cal tov Xoyov rod
XXVIII ^
irepl avTov a')(riiJbaTO<^. 6 yap M.i\(ov iardvac fiev
inl Bua/cov So/cel ro) iroSe dfM(j)(o av/jil3€0r]Kco<;, poav
be ^vveyeL rj) apiarepciy t) oe^ia be, opuoi t>;s"
%6i/309 i/CeiV7]<^ 01 hcLKTvXoL KOI oloV Bl€LpOVT€(;. ol
fjuev Srj fcar ^OXvpuriav re /caVAp/caStav \6yot tov
aOXrjrrjv laropovaL toutov drpeTTTOV yeveaOai fcal
fjbT] eKJBt^acrOrjvai irore tov ')(^ci)pov, iv o5 eo-Ttj,
SrjXovaOai 8e to p^ev airpl^ tmv SafCTvXcov iv ttj
^vvo')(fi Trjf; p6a<;, to 8e pbrjK av a')(^La9r}vai ttot
aiT aX\r)X(i)v avTOv^, el tl<; 7rpb<; eva avTcov
apLLWwTO, TO) Ta9 hia^vaf; iv 6p6oc<; TOt<;
Ba/cTv\ot<; €v ^vv7]pp.6a0at, ttjv Tuivlav Be, rjv
dvaSecTat, a(o(j)po(Tiiv7]<; rjyovVTai, ^vp^^oXov. 6 Se
AttoXXcovlo^; (TO(p(t)<^ puev eirrev iirivevoijaOai
TavTa, ao(f)a)T6pa Be elvai tcl dXrjOeaTepa. " o)? 8e
yiyvcoaKOiTe tov vovv tov MtXwi/o?, K.poTO)vtdTaL
TOV d6X7]Tr)v TOVTOV lepea icrTrjcravTO tt}?
Hpa?.
TTJV puev Brj pLiTpav 6 tl ')(pr} voelv, tl dv i^7)yoip,rjv
€TL, p.V7]p,ovevaa<; iepe(o<; dvBp6<; ; rj poa Be p.6v7]
(pvTMV T?) ' Yipa (f)veTat, o Be viro toc<; ttoctI
BidKO^, iirl daTTLBiov l3efi7]KQ)<; 6 l€pev<; ttj 'Upa
ei/^erai, tovtI Be /cal 7) Be^cd aypiaivet, to Be
epyov TMV BaKTvXwv fcal to p^rjirco BceaTco^; t?}
dp'^aia dyaXpLaTOTTOLia TTpocFKeiaOw.
412
LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK JV
And he also gave them an account of the brazen chap.
statue of Milo and explained the attitude of this figure. '
For this Milo is seen standing on a disk with his
two feet close together^ and in liis left hand he grasps
a pomegranate^ w^hile of his right hand the fingers
are extended and as it were stringing together. Now
among the people of Olympia and Arcadia the storj^
told about this athlete is, that he was so inflexible and
firm that he could never be induced to leave the spot
on which he stood ; and this is the meaning of the
clenched fingers as he grasps the poinegranate, and
of the look as if they could never be sej^arated from
one another, however much you struggled with any
one of them, because the intervals between the
extended fingers are very close ; and they say that
the fillet with which his head is bound is a symbol of
temperance and sobriety. Apollonius while admit-
ting that this account was wisely conceived, said that
the truth was still wiser.
In order that you may
know," s^id he, " the meaning of the statue of Milo, -
the people of Croton made this athlete a priest of
Hera. As to the meaning then of his mitre, I need
not explain it further than by reminding you that
the hero was a priest. But the pomegranate is the
only fruit which is grown in honour of Hera ; and the
disk beneath his feet means that the priest is stand-
ing on a small shield to offer his prayer to Hera ;
and this is also indicated by his right hand. As for
the artist's way of rendering the fingers between
which he has left no interval, that you may ascribe
to the antique style of the sculpture."
413
FLAVILS PHILOSTRATUS
XXIX
CAP. HapaTV'y')(^dvcov Se Tol<i Bp(OfMevoi<; aireSi'^^eTo
Twj' ^HXelcov, &)9 iTrejJieXovvTo re avrcov Kai ^vv
KoafJiw eSpcov, fjbelov re ovBev rj ol a^ywvLovfxevoi tmv
aOXrjTOiv KpiveaOai oyovro, /cal fxr)0^ e/covre^ tc fi7]T
cLKOvre^ a/jbaprdvetv irpovvoovvTO. epopAvcov 8'
avTov T(t)V eTaipcov, riva<^ 'HXetou? irepl rrjv
SidOeaLV TMV ^OXvfjbTrtayv rjyoiTO, " el fiev ao(j)ov<;i'
€(p7}, " ovfc olSa, ao(PiaTa<; fievroi.
XXX
CAP. 'n? 3e Kol Sie0el3X7]TO Trpcx; tov<? olofievovf;
^vyypdcfieLV, /cal d/jLaOei<; rjyeiTO rov^i aTrro/AeVof?
\6yov /jL6i^ovo<;, V7rdp')(^€t fiaOetv i/c rcovBe' p,eipdKLov
yap SoKrj(TLao(f)ov ivTV')(pv avTut irepl to lepov,
" av/jb7rpoOv/ji7]07]Ti pLOii^ €^V, " avptov, dvayvco-
aofjLai ydp rt." tov he ^ AttoWcovlov epopAvov, 6
TL dvayvcoaoLTO, " X0709," etTre, " ^vvrerafcrai p,OL eV
TOV ^iaT Kal dp,a viro tS Ip^aTiw iireheiKVV avTov
a6p.vvv6p,6vo<; tyj 7ra')(yT7]TL tov ^ij3\iov. *' tl ovv,
ecpT], ** eiraivecrrj tov Ai6<; ; r) tov Ala tov ivTavOa
Kal TO p.'qhev elvai tmv iv Ty yjj 6p,oiov ; " " Kal
414
LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK IV
XXIX
He was present at the rites^ and he commended chap.
the solicitude with which the people of Elis ad- ^^^^
ministered them, and the good order with which commends
they conducted them, as if they considered them- Elis
selves to be as much on trial as the athletes who
were contending for the prizes, anxious neither will-
ingly nor unwillingly to commit any error. And
Avhen his companions asked him what he thought of
the Eleans in respect of their management of the
Olympic games, he replied : " Whether they are
wise, I do not know, but of their cleverness I am
quite sure."
XXX
How great a dislike he entertained of people chap.
who imagine they can write, and how senseless he ^^^
considered those to be who essay a literary task i^^^erary^ ^
beyond their powers, we can learn from the following puppy
incident : A young man who thought he had talent
met him in the precincts of the temple and said :
" Pray honour me with your presence to-morrow,
for I am going to recite something." When
ApoUonius asked him what he was going to recite,
he replied : " I have composed a treatise upon Zeus."
And as he said these words he showed, with no
little pride at its stoutness, a book which he was
carrying under his garment. "^ And," said Apol-
lonius, " what are you going to praise about Zeus ?
Is it the Zeus of this fane, and are you going to say
that there is nothing like him on the whole earth ? "
415
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. TOVTO fjL€V, ' e(f)7], " TToWa Se ITpO TOVTOV KoX 67r\
A- A. Jv
TOVT(p erepa, /cal jap al cbpai fcal ra iv rrj yrj koI
ra virep TrjV y/^v /cal ave/Mov; elvai Kal aarpa Aio<;
TTavra." 6 3e ^AiroWayviof;, " So/cel^; fiotj^ elirev,
" iyKCdfXLaaTiKo^i Tt? elvai acpoSpa.^^ " 3m tovto,"
€<p7j, " Kal TToSdypa'^ iyKcoficov n /lOi ^vvreraKTat
/cal Tov TV(f)X6v Tiva i) /caxpov elvai. " oKka
fjurfhe T0U9 vBepov^," elire, " p,7]he Tov<i /caTdppov<;
aTTO/crjpvTTe ri)"? eavrov ao(f)ia(;, el ^ovXoio eiraivelv
ra TOtavTa, ^eXrlcov Se ecrrj /cal toi<; aTrodvr]-
a/covaiv kiropbevo^^ Kal Bllcov e7raivov<; tcov voarj-
fidrcov, v(f o)v direOavov, rjTTOV yap iir' avTot<;
dvLaaovTaL Trareyoe? Te Kal TralSe^; Kal ol dyyov tmv
diroOavovTwvr K€')(a\iV(o jjuevov Ze Ihcdv to [xeipaKiov
vTTo TOV \6yov, " iyKw/xid^covj' elirev, " w ^vy-
ypa(p€v, TTOTepov a olSev eiraivecreTaL d/jL€Lvov rj
a ovK oibev ; a oioev, ecpr), 7rw9 yap av ti<;
eiraLVol, a ovk olSe ; " " tov iraTepa ovv rjZr] TTore
TOV aavTov eTTrjveaa^ ; " " ejSovXTjOrjv, elirev
" aXX' eVel jjbeya^ tl /xol SoKel Kal yevvalo'^
dvOpoi'TTcov T€ MV olSa KdXkLdTO^, oIkov t€ iKavo<;
olKrjaaL Kal ao(f)La €9 TrdvTa XPV^Oai, TraprJKa tov
69 avTOV eiraivov, ox; /jlt) alcr^vvoL/jLi, tov iraTepa
\6y(p r]TTOVi.^ hva')(^6pdva<i ovv 6 AttoWcovw^,
tovtI he 7rpo<; tol'9 c^opTLKOv^ tmv dvd pdnroiv
416
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
" Why that, of course," said tlie other, " and a great chap.
deal more that comes before that and also follows it. ^"^^
For I shall say how the seasons and how everything
on earth and above the earth, and how the winds
and all the stars belong to Zeus." And Apollonius
said :
It seems to me that you are a past-master of
encomium." '^ Yes," said the other, "and that is
why I have composed an encomium of gout and of
blindness and deafness." "And why not of dropsy
too," said Apollonius; "for surely you won't rule
out influenza from the sphere of your cleverness,
since you are minded to praise such things ? And
while you are about it, you would do as well to
attend funerals and detail the praises of the various
diseases of which the people died ; for so you will
somewhat soothe the regrets of the fathers and
children and the near relations of the deceased."
And as he saw that the effect of his words was to put
a bridle on the young man's tongue, he added : " My
dear author, which is the author of a panegyric
likely best to praise, things which he knows or
things which he does not?" "Things which he
knows," said the youth. " For how^ can a man praise
things which he does not know^? " "I conclude then
that you have already written a panegyric of your
own father?" "I wanted to," said the other,
" but as he appears to me rather a big man and a
noble one, and the fairest of men I know, and
a very clever housekeeper, and a paragon of wisdom
all round, I gave up the attempt to compose a
panegyric upon him, lest I should disgrace my father
by a discourse which would not do him justice."
Thereupon Apollonius was incensed, as he often was
against trivial and vulgar people. " Then," said he,
417
VOL. I. E E
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. e7raa-%fct', " elra^ €<pr), '* co /caOapfia, tov fiev
irarepa tov aeavTov, ov Icra icai aeavrov
<yiyvco(TK€L<;, ovk ap otei ttot' av lfcav(o<; iiraLveaaiy
TOV 8' avOpcoTTcov fcal 9eo)v iraTepa koL Sr]fMLOvpyov
TMV 6\cov, oaa irepl rjfjid^ koI virep r)fid<; iaTiv,
€v/c6\(o<; ovTccx; iyKoy/jbid^cov ov6 , ov €7raiv€L(;,
BeSta<;, ovt€ ^vvi7j<; e? Xoyov KaOt,(TTdp.evo'^ fiet^ova
dvOpcoTTOv ;
XXXI
CAP. At 8e iv 'OXvfiTTLa Sta\e^€i<; to5 'A-TroWayviM
Trepl TMV ')(^prjaifjbo)TdTO)v iyuyvovTO, irepi aocfyta^ tg
Koi dvhpeia<i koI accxfipoavvr)^ koX KaOdira^, oTroaat
dpeTUL elac, irepl tovtcdv diro Trj<; Kprjivlho^ tov
veo) hieKeyeTO, irdvTa^ eKTrXiJTTcov ov Tal<i hiavoLai^
fiovov, dWa /cat rat? t^eat? tov \6yov. irepL-
a-TdvT€<; Se avTov ol Aa/ceSaLfiovLOL, ^evov t€ irapa
TM AlX ilTOlOVVTO KOI T(OV oXkOI V60)V TTaTepu fiiov
T€ vo/jLoOeTTjv Kol y€p6vT0)v yepa<^. ipo/ievov Se
KopivOiov Ttv6<; KaTcu dyO^^ova, el fcal 0€O(f)dvia
avTO) d^ovai, *' vol tco iStw," e(^7], ** eTOL/xd 76." o
Be ^AiroWcovco^ dirriyayev avTOv<; tmv tocovtcov,
&)9 fir) (pOovoiTO, irrel Se V7rep^d<; to TavyeTOV
elSev evepyov Aa/ceSai/jLOva koX tcl tov Av/covpyov
irdTpLU ev jrpdTTOVTU, ovk drjBh evofiLo-e to fcac
418
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
'^ you wretch, you are not sure that you can ever chap.
sufficiently praise your own father whom you know ^^^
as well as you do yourself, and yet you set out in
this light-hearted fashion to write an encomimn
of the father of men and of gods and of the creator
of everything around us and above us ; and you have
no reverence for him w^hom you praise, nor have you
the least idea that you are embarking on a subject
which transcends the power of man."
XXXI
The conversations which Apollonius held in chap.
Olympia turned upon the most profitable topics, ^-^^^
such as wisdom and courage and temperance, and in intifed u
a word upon all the virtues. He discussed these sparta
from the platform of the temple, and he astonished
everyone not only by the insight he showed but by
his forms of expression. And the Lacedaemonians
flocked round him and invited him to share the
hospitality of their shrine of Zeus, and made him
father of their youths at home, and legislator of
their lives and the honour of their old men. Now
there was a Corinthian who felt piqued at all this,
and asked whether they were also going to celebrate
a theophany for him. "Yes," said the other,
" by Castor and Pollux, everything is ready anyhow."
But Apollonius did not encourage them to pay him
such honours, for he feared thev would arouse envy.
And when having crossed the mountain Taygetus,
he saw a Lacedaemon hard at work before him and
all the institutions of Lycurgus in full swing, he
felt that it would be a real pleasure to converse with
419
E E 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Tot9 reXecTi tmv AaKeSaL/jbovLoyv ^vyyeveaOai irepu
wv ipcordv ijSovXovTO' r^povro ovv a<^LKofievov, iTa)<;
Oeol Oepairevjeot,, 6 Be elTrev, " co? BeairoTai.
TToXlV TjpOVTO, TTM^i 7]pO)e<;' ** ft)? TTttTepe?." TpiTOV
he epofjuevwv, itm^ he avOpwiroi, " ov AafccoviKov,
ecpT), " TO epcorrj/jia.^^ rjpovTO koX 6 tl rjyoLTO tou?
Trap' avTOL<; v6/jLOV<;, 6 he eiTrev, " apiaTov^; hiha-
(TKoXov^;, ol hthdafcaXoL he evho/ci/jbrjaovaiv, vjv oi
IxaOrjTal /xr) paOv/xMcnv.^^ epofievcov h^ avrcov, n
irepl avhpeia^ ^v/x^ovXevoi,
koI Tt;" ec^?;, *' tiJ
avhpeia ')(p7]aeadaL.^^
XXXII
CAP. 'Eri^Y^az^e he irepl tov ')(p6vov tovtov veavia<;
AafcehaL/jLovio^; alrtav e^o^v irap* avroU, <h<; ahi/ccov
irepl TOL r]6ri' KaWiKpariha fiev yap tov irepl ^Ap-
yLVOi>(Ta<; vavapxv^^cLVTO^ tjv eKyovo^, vavK\7]pLa<=;
he r}pa koI ov iTpoael%e toU koivoU, aXV e?
Kapxv^^^^ efeTrXet fcal SifceXiav vav^ ireiroLrj-
fjLevo<^. oLKOvGa^ ovv KpiveaOaL avTOV eirl tovtm,
heivov oar^Orj irepuhelv tov veavlav L/Tra^^eVra e?
hUrjv, /cat, *' w Xft)<7Te," e(j)7j, *' tl ire<f)povTLKcb(; ireplei
Kai, fjb€(TTO<; evvoia^r " ayodvr elirev, " iirrjyyeXTal
420
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
the authorities of the Lacedaemonians about things chap.
which they might ask his opinion upon ; so they ^-^^^
asked him when he arrived, how the gods are to
be revered, and he answered : " As your lords
and masters." Secondly they asked him : ^' And
how the heroes .'^ " "As fathers/' he replied. And
their third question was : " How are men to be
revered?" And he answered: "Your question is
not one which any Spartan should put." They
asked him also what he thought of their laws, and
he replied that they were most excellent teachers,
adding that teachers will gain fame in proportion as
their disciples are industrious. And when they
asked him what advice he had to give them about
courage, he answered : " Why what else, but that
you should display it ? "
XXXII
And about this time it happened that a certain chap.
XXXH
youth of Lacedaemon was charged by his fellow 1,^ \
citizens Avith violating the customs of his country, youthful
For though he was descended from Callicratidas who ^j.om*^his
led the navy at the battle of Arginusae, yet he was seafaring
devoted to seafaring and paid no attention to public
affairs ; but, instead of doing so, would sail off to
Carthage and Sicily in the ships which he had had
built. Apollonius then hearing that he was arraigned
for this conduct, thought it a pity to desert the
youth who had thus fallen under the hand of justice,
and said to him : " My excellent fellow, why do you
go about so full of anxiety and with such a gloomy
air ? " "A public prosecution," said the other, " has
421
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. fioL Srj/jLoaoo^;, iireiBr} 7rpo<; vavKXrjpiais elfu koI ra
XXXII y , , » u V 5- / 'a
KOLva ov TrpaTTO). Trarrjp de crot vav/c\r)po<;
iyevero // TraTTTro?;"
diraye,^^ elire, yvfivaal-
ap)(^ot, T€ Kal €<l)opoL /cal TrarpovofiOL 7rdvT€<;>
KaXkc/cpariSaf; Se o irpoyovo'^ /cal twv vavap)(rj-
advTcov iyevero^ ** /acoi/," e^r], " rov iv ^Apyivov-
<rai<; Xeyet?;" *' eKelvoVy^ elire, *' rov iv rrj vavap^ia
aiTOuavovTa. eir ov oiepaXe (tol, eiTre, rrjv
OdXaTTav y TeXevrrj rov TrpoyovovT " P'O, At',"
elirev,
ou yap vavfia)(^7]acov ye TrXeco." " aXV efjLTTo-
pcov T€ Kal vavKXrjpoiv KaKoSai/jLovecrrepov ri ip€L<;
eOvo^; TTpcoTOv fjbev Trepivoarovai, ^Tjrovcrtv dyopav
KaK(h<; TTpdrrovaav, elra 7rpo^evoi<; fcai KairrfXoi^
dvaiJLi')(6evTe<; ircSXovai re /cal TrcoXovvrac, /cal to/coi<;
dvoaioL<; Ta<i avrcov /c€(paXd<; vTroTiOevTe^ e? to dp-
')(alov airevhovcn, kclv fiev ev irpdrTcocnv, evirXoel
7] vav<;, Kal iroXvv iroiOvvTaL Xoyov rov fiijre eKovre^
dvarpe-^ai /Jb^re dKOVT€<;, el Be rj i/jL7ropia tt^oo? ra
XP^^ P'V dva<f>epOLTO, fjLerafidvref; e? rd icpoXKta
TT poaapdrrovac ra? vav^, Kal rov erepcov vavrac
/Slop Oeov dvdyKrjv eiTrovTe^; dOecorara Kal ovBe
aKOvre^; avrol d(^eiXovTO. el 8e Kal fir] tolovtov
rjv TO OaXarrovpyov re Kal vavriKov eOvo^, dXXa
TO ye ^TrapTidTrjv ovra Kal Trarepcov yeyovora, ot
fjbearjv irore T7]v ^Trdprrjv MKrjaav, ev kolXtj vtjl
KelarOat XtjOt^v fiev ca^ovra AvKOvpyov re Kal
^l<f)iTOv, <f)6pTov Be fiv^/jiova Kal vavriKi^s dKpi/So-
423
I
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
been instituted against me, because I go in for sea- chap.
faring and take no part in public affairs." "And was ^^^U
your father or your grandfather a mariner?" '^'^ Of
course not/' said the other ; " they were all of them
chiefs of the gymnasium and Ephors and public
guardians ; Callicratidas, however, my ancestor, was a
captain of the fleet." " I suppose," said Apollonius,
"you mean him of Arginusae fame?" " Yes, that
fell in the naval action leading his fleet." " Then/'
said Apollonius, " your ancestor's mode of death has
not given you any prejudice against a seafaring life ? "
" No, by Zeus," said the other, " for it is not with a
view to conducting battles by sea that I set sail."
" Well, and can you mention any rabble of people
more wretched and ill-starred than merchants and
skippers ? In the first place they roam from sea to
sea, looking for some market that is badly stocked ;
and then they sell and buy, associating with factors
and brokers, and they put out their own capital at
the most unholy rate of interest in their hurry to get
back the principal ; and if they do well, their ship has a
lucky voyage, and they tell you a long story of how they
never wrecked it either willingly or unwillingly ; but if
their gains do not balance their debts, they jump into
their long boats and dash their ships on to the rocks,
and make no bones as sailors of robbing others of
their substance, pretending in the most blasphemous
manner that it is an act of God. And even if the sea-
faring crowd who go on voyages be not so bad as I
make them out to be ; yet is there any shame worse
than this, for a man who is a citizen of Sparta and
the child of forbears who of old lived in the heart
of Sparta, to secrete himself in the hold of a ship,
oblivious of Lycurgus and of Iphitus, thinking of
423
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Xo^yta?, Ttvo<; al(T^vv7]<^ airearLv; el yap kol /jbrjSev
XXXII >/^^ \ ^■^z )\>/r> >/i r^ A
aKA.0, Tr)v yovv ZiTapTrjv avrrjv eoei evuvjjieicruai,
ft)9, oiTore /jiev rrj^ 7779 et^ero, ovpavojJbrjKrj ho^aaav,
iirel he OaXdrrTjf; iiredvfiTjae, ^vOiaOeladv re koI
a(f)avLaOeL<jav ovk ev rfj OaXdrrr/ jjlovov, dWa kol
ev rfj jfj. TOfTOi? TOP veavtav ovtco tl i'yeipot)-
aaro tol<; XoyoLf;, &)? vevaavra avrov 69 ttjv yr^v
K\ai€LV, iirei roaovrov rjKOvaev diro\e\€l<^6ai tmv
Trarepcov, diroZoaOai re rd^ vav<;, iv al<; e^rj.
KaOecjTMTa he avrov IScov 6 'AttoWcovlo^; Kal rrjv
yrjv d(T7ra^6fM€vov, /caTTjyaye irapd TOU9 e<^6pov<i Kal
TTaprjrrjCFaTO ttj^ hiK7)<;,
XXXIIl
CAP.
XXXIII Yi^aKelvo tmv iv AaKeSaijjiovr eTTiaroXrj e/c fia-
(TL\eci)<=; Aa/cehaip.oviOL<^ r)Kev eiTL7T\r]^Lv €9 to kolvov
avTMv (jyepovcra, 0)9 L'Tre^o rrjv eXevOepiav v/3pi^6v- ,
Tft)!^, i/c hta^okMv he tov rrj^; 'EXXa8o9 dp-^ovTO<^
iirearaXTO avrol<; ravra. ol jxev hrj AaKehacfiovLoi
diTOpia et^oi^TO, koI rj ZTrdpTr] 7rpo<; kavTr^v rjpL^ev,
€LTe ')(^prj '7TapaLTOV/jLevov<; ttjv opyrjv rov ^aaiKeox;
€LT€ v'7Tep(ppovovvTa(; iTTKTTeWeiv' 77^009 ravra
^v/ji/SovXov eiTOiOvvTO TOV ^ AttoXXcovlov tov Trj<; f
e7rtaToX7]<; r)6ov<;, 6 he, ct)9 elhe SieaTrj/coTa^,
iraprjXOe t€ €9 to kolvov avTMV Kal mBc ejSpa'^v-
424
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
nought but of cargoes and petty bills of lading ? For chap.
if he thinks of nothing else^ he might at least bear in ^^^^^
mind that Sparta herself, so long as she stuck to the
land, enjoyed a fame reaching to heaven ; but when
she began to covet the sea, she sank down and down,
and was blotted out at last, not only on the sea but
on the land as well." The young man was so over-
come by these arguments, that he bowed his head to
the earth and wept, because he heard he was so
degenerate from his fathers ; and he sold the ships by
which he lived. And when ApoUonius saw that he
was restored to his senses and inclined to embrace a
career on land, he led him before the Ephors and
obtained his acquittal.
XXXIII
Here is another incident that happened in Lace- chap.
daemon. A letter came from the Emperor heaping " \
reproaches upon the public assembly of the Lace- spa7u how
daemonians, and declaring that in their licence they to .-mswer
abused liberty, and this letter had been addressed to
them at the instance of the governor of Greece, who
had maligned them. The Lacedaemonians then were
at a loss what to do, and Sparta was divided against
herself over the issue, whether in their reply to the
letter they should try to appease the Emperor's
wrath or take a lofty tone towards him. Under
the circumstances they sought the counsel of Apol-
lonius and asked him how to pitch the tone of their
letter. And he, when he saw them to be divided on
the point, came forward in their public assembly and
delivered himself of the following short and concise
425
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Xoyrjae' " ITaXayLtT^S?;? €vp€ ypd/ifiara ovy virep
Tov ypd<p€tv pLovov, dWa /cal virep rov yiyvcocr/ceLV
a Bel piT] ypdcpeiv. ovrco pbev Srj AaKeBatpLOVLOv*;
dTTifye TOV pufjTe Opaael<; pnqje heCX,ov<; 6<p6i}vai,
XXXIV
CAP. ^LaTpi'>\ra<^ 8' iv rrj ZTrdprr) pberd rrjV ^OXvpiriav
'^(^povov, o)? ireXevra o '^^^eipLcov, iiri MaXeaz^ rjXOev
dp'^opuevov rjpo<;, o)? e? ttjv 'Vcopbrjv d(f>T]acov, Stavoov-
pL€V(p 8' avTcp ravra iyevero ovap TOLovhe* ehoKet
yvvat/ca pueyLO-TTjv re /cal Trpea^vrdrrjv Trepi/SdWeiv
auTov Kol SelcrOai 01 ^vyyeveadat, irplv e? 'IraXoi'?
TrXevaai, Afo? 8e elvat rj Tpocj)b'^ eXeye, koI r]v avrfj
(TT6<f)avo<; irdvT e^cov rd i/c yrj<; koX 6aXdrTr]<;.
XoytapLov Se avrw ScBov<; Trj<; oyjreco^; ^vvrjKev, ore
irXevarea eh] eV Kpijrrjv irporepov, fjv rpocpov
rjyoiipieOa tov At09, iiretSr} iv TavTrj ipLaievOr], 6 Se
aT6<pavo<; fcal dXXrjv tcro)? SrjXcoaai vrjaov. ovaoiv
he iv ^laXea veoiv TrXecovcov, at e? J^prjTrjv dcpijaetv
epLeXXov, ivefBrj vavv diro')(^po)(Tav tc3 kocvS' kolvov
Be iKuXet tou? re eTaipov^; /cal tov<; tmv eTaipcov
SovXov<^, ovSe yap i/ceivov<; irapecopa. 7rpoa7rXev(Ta<;
Be KvBcovia, /cal TrapaTrXevaa^; e? Kvcoaaov, tov pev
Aaj3vpLv6ov, 09 eKel BeiKVVTat, ^vveL^e Be, ol.pLai,
TTore TOV yiivcaTavpov, ^ovXopievcov IBelv tmv eTai-
p(ov, eKeivoL<; puev ^vve')(d>peL tovto, avTo^ Be ovk dv
426
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
speech : '^^ Palamedes discovered writing not only in chap.
order that people might write^ but also in order that ^^^^^^
they might know what they must not Avrite." In this
way accordingly he dissuaded the Lacedaemonians
from showing themselves to be either too bold or
cowardly.
XXXIV
He stayed in Sparta for some time after the chap.
Ol^Tnpic festival, until the winter Mas over ; and at ^^^^^
the beginning of spring proceeded to Malea with the inrdreamto
intention of setting out for Rome. But while he was visit Crete
still pondering this project, he had the following
dream : It seemed as if a woman both very tall and
venerable in years embraced him, and asked him to
visit her before he set sail for Italy ; and she said
that she was the nurse of Zeus, and she wore a
wreath that held ever^^hing that is on the earth or
in the sea. He proceeded to ponder the meaning of
the vision, and came to the conclusion that he ought
first to sail to Crete, which we regard as the nurse of
Zeus, because in that island Zeus was born ; although
the wreath might perhaps indicate some other
island. Now there were several ships at Malea,
making ready to set sail to Crete, so he embarked
upon one sufficient for his association, to which he
gave the title of his companions, and also his com-
panions' servants, for he did not think it right to
pass over the latter. And he bent his course for
Cydonia, and sailed past that place to Knossus,
where a labyrinth is shown, which, I believe, once on
a time, contained the Minotaur. As his companions
were anxious to see this he allowed them to do so,
427
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ecpTj 6eaTr]<^ ^yeveaOai ri}? aSLKla<; tov MtVco. irpoijei
XXXIV 5,\)\Tn/ //) '^ ■>'j^
vZi^ "? ^
06 ETTL 1 opTvvav iToucp T?79 I0779. aveKvoov ovv Kai
TOt? OeoXoyov/jiivoif; €vtv)(ow, eiropevOri kol e? to
te/3oy TO Ae^rjvatov' earc Se 'Aa/c\rj7nov, koI coairep
7] 'Acrta 69 TO Hepya/Jiov, ovtw^ 69 to lepov tovto
^VV€(f>OLTa T) }^pi]Tr), TToWol Sc KOl Ai^VCOV i^ aVTO
irepacovvTai' kol yap TerpaiTTat 7rpo<; to Al^vkov
7reXa709 fcara yovv TrjV ^aiarov, evOa rr^v iroWrjv
aveipyei OdXarrav o fii/cph^ \iOo^. Ae/Srjvalov
Se TO lepbv oovofjiciaOai (pacriv, eTretSrj aKpwjrjpiov
ef avTOv /caTareiveL Xeovn el/cacrfMevov, ola woWa
al ^vvTvy^iai tmv Trerpcov a7To<^aivovGL, /jlvOov re
iirl Tft) d/cpo)Tr)pi(p aSovacv, a)<; \ecov 6^9 ovto<;
lyevoLTO TO)v virot,vyuov irore rfj Via. ivravda
StaXeyofievov ttote tov ^ AitoW(dvlov irepl fiecrrj/ji-
^puav, SceXeyero Se 7ro\Xofc9 dvhpdaiv, vcf) cov to
iepov eOepaireveTO, a€C(T/jLo<; dOpooi^ rfj K.p^^rr)
TrpoaeffaXe, ^povrr) Se ov/c ek v€(^o)v, aXX' eK T779
7779 vTT'^'^TjaeVy T) OdXaTTa 3e virevoaTrjae ardSia
6(70)9 eTTTa. fcal ol fiev iroXXoi eSetcrav, fir) to
TveXayo^; v7ro')(^a)p7]crav iTTiaTrdarjraL ro lepov Kal
direve'xOcdcnv, he ^AttoXXcovco^, " Oapaelre,^^ e<p7j,
- ?7 yap OdXaTTa yrjv ereKe. /cat, ol fiev (povTO
avTov rrjv ofiovoiav tmv (7TOi,')(eL(ov Xeyecv, Kal on,
/jL7]8ev dv i) OdXaTTa vecoTepov €<; tyjv yiyv epydaaiTO,
fjieTCi he 7)f.iepaf; 6Xiya<; dcpL/cofievoi Tcve^ ifc t?}9
K.vBa)vtdTLSo<; rjyyeiXaVy otl KaTa ttjv i^jjiepav t€
Kal fxearjiJiPpiav, rjv eyeveTO rj hiOGTjfjbia, vi]ao<i eK
T?}9 6aXdTTrj<^ dvehoOr) irepl top TropOfiov tov
428
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
but refused himself to be a spectator of the injustice chap.
of Minos, and continued his course to Gortyna because ^^^^^
he longed to visit Ida. He accordingly climbed
up, and after visiting the sacred sites he passed
on to the shrine of Leben. And this is a shrine of Earthquake
Asclepius, and just as the whole of Asia flocks tOg^j.J^|^jf
Pergamum, so the whole of Crete flocked to this Leben
shrine ; and many Libyans also cross the sea to visit
it, for it faces towards the Libyan sea close to
Phaestus, where the little rock keeps out a mighty
sea. And they say that this shrine is named that of
Leben, because a promontory juts out from it which
resembles a lion, for here, as often, a chance arrange-
ment of the rocks suggests an animal form ; and they
tell a story about this promontory, how it was once
one of the lions which were yoked in the chariot of
Rhea, Here ApoUonius was haranguing on one
occasion about midday, and was addressing quite a
number of people who were worshipping at the
shrine, when an earthquake shook the whole of
Crete at once, and a roar of thunder was heard to
issue not from the clouds but from the earth, and the
sea receded about seven stadia. And most of them
were afraid that the sea by receding in this way
would drag the temple after it, so that they would
be carried away. But ApoUonius said : " Be of good
courage, for the earth hath borne land and brought
it forth." And they thought that he was alluding
to the harmony of the elements, and was arguing
that the sea would never wreak its violence upon the
land ; but after a few days some travellers arrived
from Cydoniatis and announced that on the very day
on which this portent occurred and just at the same
hour of midday, an island rose out of the sea in the
429
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. hiappeovTa Hijpav re kuI Kprjrriv. idcavTe^ ovv
XXXIV , ^ V > v \ > fTj /
Xoycov iJbi)KO(; eXtfoi/jbev /cat ein ra? ev i co/xtj
(TTTOvhd^, at iyevovTO avTw /jLcra ra ev Kpi^rr}.
XXXV
XXXV Ne/jft)!^ ov ^vve')(oi)p6L (piXoaocpecv, dWa irepiep-
yov avT(f> XPVH'^ o'^ (f>tXoao(povvT€<; i(j)atvovTO koI
fiavTiKTjv ava/ccd^ovT€<;, /cal 'tJX^V '^ore 6 Tpi/3(ov
69 hiKaaTrjpLOV, 009 /jLavTCKrj<; crx/jp.a. io) toi'9
aXXov<^, dWa Mofcrft)t»^09 ^a^vXd)vio<;, dvrjp
^AttoWcovlov jJiovov hevT€po<^, iheOrj iirl aocpla Kal
€Kel fiivcDv eKLvhvvevaev, direSave h^ av to eirl toG
S^aavTC, el fir) a(p6Spa eppcoTo.
XXXVI
CAP. 'Ei^ roLavTT) fcaTaardaet <ptXoao<j)ia<; ovar)<; eVu^e
XXXVI y ^ f-i-» / /^(>v>/ \< V
Trpoaccov tt) irco/jLy, araoLa oe eiKocrt Kat efcarov
aTre^ft)!^ ezverf^e ^cXoXdo) toS Ktrrtet Trepl to
V€fjLO<i TO ev rfi ^Apcfcla. rjv he $tXoX,ao9 ttjv
fiev yXwTTav ^vyfcel/jLevo^;, fxaXaKOirepof; Be xap-
reprjaai re, ovto<; dvaXvcov aTro Tr}9 'Vco/iijf; avroq
re eoo/cei (pevyovn, Kal orw ivrv^ot (pcXoaocfyovvrc
Trape/ceXevero to avro irpaTTeiv. Trpoaeiircov ovv
rov ^AttoXXcovlov i/ceXevev eKarrjvai to3 Kacpca,
firjSe e7n<j)0iTdv rfj 'Fcofjurj Sca^e^Xij/jievov rov
430
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
firth between Tliera and Crete. However, I must chap.
give up all prolixity and hurry on to relate the
conversations Avhich he held in Rome, subsequently
to his stay in Crete.
XXXV
Nero was opposed to philosophy, because he chap.
suspected its devotees of being addicted to magic, ^^
and of being diviners in disguise ; and at last the imprisons
philosopher's mantle brought its wearers before the ^i^^omus
law courts, as if it were a mere cloak of the divining
art. I will not mention other names, but Musonius
of Babylon, a man only second to Apollonius, was
thrown into prison for the crime of being a sage, and
there lay in danger of death ; and he would have
died for all his gaoler cared, if it had not been for
the strength of his constitution.
XXXVI
Such was the condition in which i:)hilosophy stood chap.
XXXVI
when Apollonius was approaching Rome; and at a'^"
distance of one hundred and twenty stadia from its warns him
walls he met Philolaus of Cittium in the neighbour- gj^ering
hood of the Grove of Aricia. Now Philolaus was a Rome
polished speaker, but too soft to bear any hardships.
He had quitted Rome, and was virtually a fugitive,
and any philosopher he met with he urged to take
the same course. He accordingly addressed himself
to Apollonius, and urged him to give way to circum-
stances, and not to proceed to Rome, where
philosophy was in such bad odour ; and he related
431
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. <piXoao<p€lv, KOI SLrjyelro ra e/cet TrpaTTo/jueva Oa/xa
i7ri(TTp€<pQfM€vo^, jmr) iTrafcpooiTo tl<; avrov /caroTTLv.
" av Be Kol %o/^o^' (pikoaocpcov ava'^dfievo^;,^^ elTre,
" /3a5tf€t9 (^Oovov />teo"T09, ovk elh(b<; tov<; iirneTay-
fievov^ Tat9 TTiiXuL^ vtto Ne/oco^o?, ot ^vWr)'\^ovTai
ere T6 Kol TOVTOv^i, iTplv eaco yeveaOat.^^ " tL S',"
eiirev, '* &> ^iXoXae, rov avro/cpdropa (nrovSd^etv
(pacTiv ; " " i)vLoxeir €(f>r), *' Bij/jLoaia Kal aSei irapLOiv
69 tA 'Vaypiaioiv Oearpa Kal /xera tmv jjlovo-
fia')(ovvTO)v t,f], piovoixa')(€l he /cal avro^; Kal
a7rocr(^aTT6i." vTToXa/Sayv ovv o ^A7roWcovco<i,
" elra,^' ecpr], " m ^e\TL(TT€, fiel^ov rt 77777 Oeafia
dvSpdat 7r67raiS€V/jL6voc<; 7) ^aatXea IBecv d(7')(rifjL0-
vovvra ; Oeov p,ev yap iraiyvLov dvOpcdiro^ " elire
" Kajd TTjv TLXdrcovofi So^av, /3aac\€v<; Be dvOpco-
TTov TTaiyvLov yLyv6fi€V0<; Kal ')(^apL^6fjievo<; tol<;
o^Xoi9 T^i^ eavTov ala'^vvrjv, Tiva<; ovk av irapdcry^oi
Xoyov^ T0t9 (J)lXo(to(J)OV(tl ; ^^ " vrj AT," elirev 6
<i>L\6\ao<;, " elye /jberd tov aKLvhvvov yiyvoLTO, el Be
diroXoLO dva'^OeU Kal l^epcov ae oofibv (pdyoi fxrjBev
IBovra o)v irpdrrei, eirl ttoXXco ecnai aot, to
evTvyelv avT(p Kal eirl irXeLOVi rj tcG ^OBvaaet
iyevero, oiroje irapa tov KvAcXcoTra rjXOev, drrd)'
Xeae yap iroXXovf; tmv eTaipcov Tro6i]aa<; IBelv
avTov Kal r)TTr)Oel<^ utottov kol co/jlov 6edfiaT0<;.^^
6 Be ^AttoXXoovco^;, " oiec 7«/0," €^77, " tovtov tjttov
432
i
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
to him what was taking place there, and as he did chap.
so he kept turning his head round, lest anybody ^^^^'^
should be listening behind him to what he said.
^'^And you/' he said, ^'^ after attaching this band of
philosophers to yourself, a thing which will bring
you into suspicion and odium, are on your way
thither, knowing nothing of the officers set over the
gates by Nero, who will arrest you and them before
ever you enter or get inside." " And what," said
Apollonius, " O Philolaus, are the occupations of the
autocrat said to be ? " ^'^ He drives a chariot," said
the other, " in public ; and he comes forward on the
boards of the Roman theatres and sings songs, and
he lives with gladiators, and he himself fights as one
and slays his man." Apollonius therefore replied
and said : " Then, my dear fellow, do you think
that there can be any better spectacle for men of
education than to see an emperor thus demeaning
himself ? For if in Plato's opinion man is the
sport of the gods, what a theme we have here
provided for philosophers by an emperor who makes
himself the sport of man and sets himself to
delight the common herd with the spectacle of his
own shame?" "Yes, by Zeus," said Philolaus, ^Mf
you could do it with impunity ; but if you are going
to lose your life by going thither, and if Nero is
going to devour you alive before you see anything of
what he does, your interview with him will cost you
dear, much dearer than it ever cost Ulysses to visit
the Cyclops in his home ; though he lost many of his
comrades in his anxiety to see him, and because he
yielded to the temptation of beholding so cruel a
monster." But Apollonius said : " So you think
that this ruler is less blinded than the Cyclops, if he
433
VOL. T. F F
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. eKTervcpXcoaOat rod Kv/cXcoirofi, el roiavra epyd-
XXXVI -, if \ f jf^ -V '-V ii ' / ly ^
^erai ; kul o ^cXokao^ TrpaTrero) fjuev, ecrrev,
" 6 Ti ^ovXerai, aif Be aWa rovTOv<; crco^e.^^
XXXVII
CAP. (t>(ovr) Se ravra aeutovL eXeye koI ico/cei fcXaovn.
XXXVII
f
ivTavOa heiaa^ 6 Adfjit'; irepl TOt<; veoi^, firj ')(eipov<^
avTOiv yevoiVTO vtto Trj<; tov ^iXoXdov iTTOia^;,
diroXa^oDV tov ^AttoXXcovcov, " diroXel,^^ €<^r), "tov<;
veov<i 6 Xayox; ovto<; rpoficov /cal dOvfiia^ dvainpi-
7TXa<; Traz/ra." o Be ^AiroXXdovLOf;, " /cal ixriv
TToXXcov, ecpT), ayauMV ovtcov, a /jltjo ev^afxevta
fioi iroXXcLKL^; irapa tmv Oecov yeyove, fieyiarov av
eycoye cf^airjv aTToXeXavKevai to vvvi toOto, irapa-
TTeiTTOiKe yap ^daavo<; tcov vecov, r) acpoSpa eXey^ei
Tov<; cf)LXoao(j)ovvTd^ t€ avTCOV /cal tou? eTepov tl
fxaXXov Tj TOVTO 7rpdTT0VTa<;.*^ /cal rjXeyx^rjaav
avTifca ol /jLT) ippco/jievoL acpcov, viro yap twv tov
<^LXoXdov Xoycov d'jTa')(6evTe<^ ol jxev €(f)aaav voaetv,
ol 8' ov/c elvat avTol^ e^ohia, ol he twv ol/coc epdv,
ol Be vtto 6vecpdT(ov e/CTreTrXij^Oat, /cal TreptrjXOev
69 6/CTcb 6/iiiX7]Ta^ 6 ^A7roXXci)VLO<; i/c T€TTdpcov /cal
Tpid/covTa, at ^vve^oiTwv avTM e<; ttjv ^Vwfxrjv. ol
B' dXXoi lSepo)vd je /cal <pcXoao<plav diroBpdvTe^i
<f)vyfj (p')(ovTO.
434
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
commits such crimes ? " And Philolaus answered : chap.
" Let him do what he Hkes, but do you at least save ^^^^^
these your companions."
XXXVII
And these words he uttered in a loud voice and chap.
with an air of weeping ; whereupon Damis conceived
a fear lest the younger men of his party should be followers
unmanned by the craven terrors of Philolaus. So he ffi'sake
•^ ApoUonius
took aside ApoUonius and said : " This hare^ with all in fear
his panicky fears, will ruin these young men, and fill
them with discouragement." But ApoUonius said :
" Well, of all the blessinos which have been
vouchsafed to me by the gods, often without my
praying for them at all, this present one, I may say,
is the greatest that I have ever enjoyed ; for chance
has thrown in my way a touchstone to test these
young men, of a kind to prove most thoroughly
which of them are philosophers, and which of them
prefer some other line of conduct than that of the
philosopher." And in fact the knock-kneed among
them were detected in no time, for under the
influence of what Philolaus said, some of them
declared that they were ill, others that they had no
provisions for the journey, others that they were
homesick, others that they had been deterred by
dreams ; and in the result the thirty-four companions
of ApoUonius who w^ere willing to accompany him
to Rome were reduced to eight. And all the rest
ran away from Nero and philosophy, both at once,
and took to their heels.
435
F F 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTHATUS
XXXVIIl
CAP. 'Bvvaya'ycbv ovv tou? TrepiXeicbOevTaf;, mv koL
ALO(TKopi8rj(; 6 Alyv7rTio<; /cal Ad/jLi,<;, *' ov XoiSoprj-
aojuLaL," 6(f>7}, " T0fc9 diroXeKoiTTocnv '^fid<;, aXX' vfid^;
enraivecrofiaL /jloXXov, otl avSpe^; iare ifMoX ofxotoi,
ov8\ et Ti9 ^epcova Belaa^i aTrfjXOe, BetXov rjyijao-
fxai rovTOV, aXX* el tl'^ tou Seovf; rovrov KpeiTTwv
<yi'yv€TaL, (f)iX6ao(f)o<^ utt' ifiov irpocreipTjoeTai, /cal
8tSd^op,aL avTov, oirocra olSa. So/cel S'tj /jloc irpcdTov
fjuev ev^aaOai toI<^ Oeol^;, 8l ou? ravra eVt vovv
TjXOev vfilv re Kd/c€lvoL<;, eTTeiO' 7)<ye/jL6va<; avTov<;
TToielaOac, 6eo)v yap %a)/?t9 ouS' iv dWo) iafiev.
TrapLTTjrea €9 itoXlv, rj to(tovto)v t?}9 OLKovp6vr}<;
fiepcbv ap^er 7rw9 ovv av irapeXOot tl<;, el fir]
efcelvoc rjyolvro ; /cal ravra rvpavvi8o^ ev avrrj
KaOearrjKvia^; ovrco ^aXe7ri}9, <i9 pr] i^elvai aocpolf;
eivai. dvorjrov re pn-jhevl So/celrco ro Oapaelv ohov,
fjv TToXXol rcov (f)LXoao(f)cov (jievyovcnv, iyoi) yap
Trpwrov p.ev ovBev av rjyovp^at, (f)0^epov ovrco
yeveaOac ra)v Kar dvOpcoTrov^;, 6t)9 eKrrXayyjvai
irore i/ir avrov rov ao(f)6v, elr ovB^ dv TrpoOelijv
dvhpeia^ p.eXera<;, idv pr) p,erd Kuvhvvwv yiyvoLvro.
/cal dXXco<; iireX9(bv yrjv, oarjv oviro) rt<; dvOpdiTTwv,
6r}pLa p,ev 'Apd^td re /cal ^Iv8i/cd rrdp^iroXXa elSov,
ro Be Orjpiov rovro, o /caXovcnv oi ttoXXoI rvpavvov,
436
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
XXXVIII
He therefore assembled those who were left, chap.
\"VWTTT
among whom were Menippus, who had foregathered
with the hobgoblin^ and Dioscorides the Egyptian, addresses
and Damis, and said to them :
I shall not scold f'^^^'"!*'.,
■ tions to the
those who have abandoned us^ but I shall rather eight who
praise you for being men like myself : nor shall ^®'^'^^"
I think a man a coward, because he has disappeared
out of dread of Nero, but anyone who rises superior
to such fear I will hail as a philosopher, and I will
teach him all I know. I think then that we ought
first of all to pray to the gods who have suggested
these different courses to you and to them ; and then
we ought to solicit their direction and guidance, for
we are not remote from the gods even in a foreign
country. We must then march forward to the city
which is mistress of so much of the inhabited world ;
but how can anybody go forward thither, unless the
gods are leading him ? The more so, because a
tyranny has been established in this city so harsh
and cruel, that it does not suffer men to be wise.
And let not anyone think it foolish so to venture
along a path which many philosophers are fleeing
from ; for in the first place I do not esteem any
human agency so formidable, that a wise man can
ever be terrified by it ; and in the second place, I
would not urge upon you the pursuit of bravery, ujiless
it were attended with danger. Moreover, in traversing He
more of the earth than any man yet has visited, I have i^g* n^^^^'
seen hosts of Arabian and Indian wild beasts ; but
as to this wild beast, wliich the many call a tyrant,
437
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ovT€ OTToauL K€(paXal avrS, olSa, ovre el yafx'^co-
XXXVIII , ^ /^ ' J / / ^ V
vv^ov T€ Kat Kap^apooovv ean. /cultoi itoXltlkov
/16V elvai TO Orjpiov tovto Xeyerat Kat ra /leaa rcbv
TToXecov OLKelv, roaovray Se dypLcorepov SidKecrai
TCt)V opeivodv T€ KoX vXaiwv, oao) \eovT€<; [lev koI
iraphaXei^ ivlore KokaKevofxevoL rjfjbepovvraL koI
/jberafidWovo-L rod i-)Oov<;, tovtI Be virb tmv
Kara^lrrj^ovTcov eTraipofxevov dypicorepov avrov
yiyverai koI \a(^vaaei irdvra, irepl puev ye Orjplcjv
ovK dv ei7roL<;, otl Ta<; /nrjrepaf; irore ra<; avTMv
ehaiaavTO, ^epwv he e/jL7re(j)6p7jTai Trj<; ^opd^
rauTT/?. el Se koX ravra yeyovev eir ^Opearrj koI
^A\K/jbaLO)Vi, aXX' e'/cetz^ot? ayrjp.a rov epyov Trare-
p€<; rjaav, o fxev diroOavcov viro rrj^; eavrov yvvaiKo<;,
6 he opfJLOv 7rpaO€L<;, ovroal he /cal eaTroirjdel^^ vtto
TTj^ firjTpb*; yepovTL fSacrtXel Koi K\7]povofji')]aa<; to
dpyeLV, vavayicp ttjv pn^Tepa direKTeive, ttXolov eir
avTrj ^vvOeif;, vcf) ov aTTcoXeTO TTyoo? ttj yfj. el he
eK TOVTcov (j>o^ep6v tl<^ 'ifyelTat ^epwva, koX hod
TOVTO dTTOTrrjha (ptXoao(pia<;, ovk d(j(^a\e<^ avTco
VOjXi^WV TO dTTO duflOV TL aVT(p TTpdTTClV, tcTTO) TO
/xev (pofiepov eK€ivoi<; V7rdp')(pv, oaoi irep dv
aco^poo-vvT]<; Te fcal o-o(f)ia<i diTTcovTat, tovtol^ yap
Kal T<x irapd tmv Oecov ev €')(ei, Ta he tmv v/3pt-
i^ovToyv vOXov rjyelaOo), Kadd koI Ta tmv fie/xeOv-
(TfievMV, /cal yap 3r/ KdKeivov^ ye -rfkiOiov^i [lev
rjyov/jLeOa, cfio/Sepovf; he ov. cM/xev ovv eV T7)v
'P(t)/jLi]v, etye eppM/xeOa, 7rpo<; yap Ta NepMVO^
438
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
I know not either how many heads he has, nor chap.
whether he has crooked talons and jagged teeth. In ^^"^^^'m
any case, though this monster is said to be a social
beast and to inhabit the heart of cities, yet he is so
much wilder and fiercer in his disposition than animals
of the mountain and forest, that whereas you can
sometimes tame and alter the character of lions and
leopards by flattering them, this one is only roused
to greater cruelty than before by those who stroke
him, so that he rends and devours all alike. And
again there is no animal anyhow of which you can
say that it ever devours its own mother, but Nero is
gorged with such quarry. It is true, perhaps, that
the same crime was committed in the case of
Orestes and Alcmaeon, but they had some excuse
for their deeds, in that the father of the one was
murdered by his own wife, while the other's had been
sold for a necklace ; this man, however, has murdered
the very mother to whom he owes his adoption by
the aged emperor and his inheribmce of the empire ;
for he shipwrecked and so slew her close to land
in a vessel built for the express purpose of doing
her to death. If, however, anyone is disj)osed to
dread Nero for these reasons, and is led abruptly
to forsake philosophy, conceiving that it is not safe
for him to thwart his evil temper, let him know
that the quality of inspiring fear really belongs to
those who are devoted to temperance and wisdom,
because they are sure of divine succour. But let
him snap his fingers at the threats of the proud and
insolent, as he would at those of drunken men ; for
we regard the latter surely as daft and silly, but not
as formidable. Let us then go forward to Rome, if we
are good men and true ; for to Nero's proclamations
439
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Kripv'^/ixaTa, hi o)v e^eipyei (j)i\oao(j)iai', eanv
XXVIII , ^ ^ - N* J A / -^ '
7]/jiLv TO Tov 2,o(poK\eov(; Aeyetv
ov <ydp TL jJLOi Zei;? rjv 6 Kr}pv^a<; rdSe,
ovBe yiovaac koI ^AttoWwv Xoyco^. €lko<; Be koX
avTov l^epcova jcyvcocrKeLV ra lafi^ela ravra,
TpaycpBia, W9 (paai,, '^aupovra.'^
evravOd Tt9 to 'Ofjbrjpov ivdvfjL7]6€L<;, 009, iTreiSdv
6 X0709 dp/jLoar) 7ro\€/jHKOv<^ dvBpa'^, fiia fxev Kopv^
yiyvovrai, fila Be dairU, evpelv dv fiot BoksI avro
TOVTO Kol irepl rovaBe tov^ dvBpa^ yevofievov viro
yap TO)v TOV 'A7roX\o)VLOv Xoycov ^vyKpoTr)6evT€<;,
diroOvrjaKGiv t€ virep <j)i\oao(pia<; eppcovTO Kol
^€XTiov<; TMV diroBpavTcov ^alveaBai.
XXXIX
CAP. Ylpoarjeaav fJiev ovv Tal<; Trv\ai<^, ol Be e^eaTO)-
XXXIX >r>\>/
v'vV //I V -^ \
T€9 ovoev rjpooTwv, aXXa irepLrjupovv to a'^fjfia Kai
eOavfJbal^ov yap Tpoiro^; lepo<; eBoKec fcal ovBev
€0tK0)<; T0t9 dyeipovai.' KaTaXvovai 5' avTol<; iv
7TavBo')(ei(p irepl Ta9 irvXa^; Kal Belirvov alpovfie-
voi<;, eireiBr] Katpo^; eaTrepa^; rjBr) eTvyyavev, 0)9 eirl
Koyp^ov ep'^CTUL jxeOvwv dvOpco7ro(; ovk dyXev/ccos
T>}9 (f)o)vr]<; h')((jL>v, Trepirjec Be dpa kvkXw ttjp 'Pco/it/z^
aB(t)v Ta TOV ^ep(ovo<i fieXi] koX fjuefiicrdco/jLevo'^
TovTO, TOV Be ayu,eXw9 oKOvaavTa rj fxt) KUTa-
jSaXovTa ficaOov t>}9 dKpodaea)<; ^vpeKe')(^(opi]To
440
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
in which he banishes philosophy we may well oppose chap,
the verse of Sophocles : ^ * xxxviii
'^ ' For in no wise was it Zeus who made this Aiitigone
proclamation unto me,'
nor the Muses either^ nor Apollo the god of eloquence.
But it may well be that Nero himself knows this
iambic line, for he is^ they say, addicted to tragedy."
This occasion reminds one of the saying of Homer, niad 13. 130
that when warriors are knit together by reason, they
become as it were a single plume and helmet, and a
single shield ; and it seems to me that this very
sentiment found its application in regard to these
heroes ; for they were welded together and en-
couraged by the words of Apollonius to die in
behalf of their philosophy, and strengthened to
show themselves superior to those who had run
away.
XXXIX
They accordingly approached the gates of Rome, chap.
and the sentries asked them no questions, although ^^^i^
they scanned their dress with some curiosity ; for the Rome^"*^^
fashion of it was that of religious ascetics, and did not
in the least resemble that of beggars. And they put Nero's
up at an inn close to the gate, and were taking their harpists
supper, for it was already eventide, when a drunken
fellow with a far from harsh voice turned up as it
were for a revel ; and he was one it seems who was in
the habit of going round about Rome singing Nero's
songs and hired for the purpose, and anyone who
neglected to listen to him or refused to pay him for his
music, he had the right to arrest for violating Nero's
441
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. avTw KoX aTrdyeiv co? dae/Sovvra. rjv Se avTw
KoX KiOdpa Kol T) 7rp6(r<popo(; tm fCtSapi^etv cTKevrj
irdaa, /cal rwa koX vevpdv tcop iipa'yjra/jLevcjv le
/cat irpoevTerafJbevwv aTroKet/jLevTjv ev koctlBi eL')(ev,
Tjv €(j)aaK€V i/c t^9 Ne/0&)z^o9 icovrjaOac Ki6dpa<;
Svolv jjbvalv /cat dTroScoaeaOac avrrjv ovhevi, rjv fir)
KL9ap(t)ho^ fi TMV dpldTcov T€ KOL dycovLovfievcov
Uvdol. dval3a\6fievo<; ovv, otto)? elwOei, /cal
Ppa')(vv hie^eXdoiv v/jlvov tov ^epa)vo<; iTrrp/e /leXr)
ra fjuev e^ Upeareta^;, ra oe e^ AvTLyovr]<;, ra o
OTTodevovv TOdV Tpa<ya)8ov/jL6va)v avrw, kol o)Sa<i
efca/jLTTTev, 07Toaa<^ ISlepMv iXvyt^e re kol fcaKa)<;
€crTp€(f)6V. dpyorepov Be d/cpocofievcov o fiev aae-
/SetaOat ^epcova vtt avrcov €(j)aa/ce koI TroXefiLOv;
rrjf; 6eia<^ cf)covrj(; elvac, ol Be ov 7rpo(Tel')/ov. epojjue-
vov Be TOV MevLTTTTov TOV ^AttoWcovlov, TTO)?
aKOvoi XeyovTO'^ TavTa, " ttw?," €(f)r], " rj &)? ore
ipBev ; rjixel^ jJuevTOt, w ^leviiTTre, firj Trapo^vvcojjieOa
77/909 TavTa, dWd tov fiiaOov t>}9 e7riBeL^€0)s
B6vTe<; edaco/jbev avTov dveiv Tal<; Nepcovo<;
Moi;crai9.*'
XL
CAP. TovTO fxev Br) eVt toctovtov eTTap(pvr)6r). hfxa
XL
Be Ty rjfiepa TeXealvof; 6 €Tepo<i tmv viraToyv KaXe-
aa^ TOV 'AttoXXcovwv, " rt," ecpr), " to crxw^ > ' ^
442
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
maiesty. And he carried a harp and all the outfit chap.
proper for a harpist, and he also had put away in a
casket a second-hand string which others had fastened
on their instruments and tuned up before him, and
this he said he had purchased off Nero's own lyre
for two minas, and that he would sell it to no one
who was not a first-rate harpist and fit to contend for
the prize at Delphi. He then struck up a prelude,
according to his custom, and after performing a short
hymn composed by Nero, he added various lays, some
out of the story of Orestes, and some from the
Antigone, and others from one or another of the
tragedies composed by Nero, and he proceeded to
drawl out the airs which Nero was in the habit of
murdering by his miserable phrasing and modulations.
As they listened with some indifference, he proceeded
to accuse them of violating Nero's majesty and of
being enemies of his divine voice ; but they paid no
attention to him. Then Menippus asked Apollonius
how he appreciated these remarks, whereupon he
said : " How do I appreciate them ? Why, just as I
did his, songs. Let us, however, O Menippus, not
take too much offence at his remarks, but let us give
him something for his performance and dismiss him
to sacrifice to the Muses of Nero."
XL
So ended the episode of this poor drunken fool. chap.
But at daybreak Telesinus, one of the consuls, called i„ferview
Apollonius to him, and said : " What is this dress with
which you wear?" And he answered: "A pure Se^STu" ui
443
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Bij " KaOapovr elire, " koX dir* ov8evo<; OvrjToOy
Tt9 oe T) aocpia ; u6ca(Tjubo<;, ecprj, /cai &)? av
Ti? c7eoi9 6V)(^otTO Kat uvoL. earl oe tc<;, m
(f)t\oao(j)€, 09 ciyvoel ravra ; " " TroWot," elirev,
"el he Kol 6p6cb<i Ti9 eVto-Tarat ravra, ttoWo)
yepotr av avrov /BeXrlcov aKOvaa^ aocpcorepov
dvBp6(;, ore, a olSev, ev olSev.^^ ravra aKovovra
rov TeXealvov, fcal yap irvy^^^avev vTroOepaiTevayv
ro Oelov, earjXOev 6 dvr}p hi a iraXai, irepl avrov
TjKove, Kal ro fjiev ovofia ovk (hero Belv €9 ro <^avepov
ipcordv, fit] nv ere \av6dveiv fiovXocro, eiravrjye
he avrov TrdXtv €9 rov \6yov rov Trepl rov Oelov,
Kal yap 7r/909 SidXe^tv e7ri,rr]Bei,co<; el^e, /cal ct)9
ao(^w ye elrre, *' ri evXD 'Trpoaicov rot*; ySft)yLtoi9 ; "
- €70)76," e^Vf " Stfcatoavvrjv elvac, v6/jlov<; /jltj
KaraXveaOai, irevecrOai rov^ o-o(pov<;, rov<; Be
dXXov<; irXovrelv jjuev, dBoXa)<; 3e." " elra,^' eiire,
roaavra acrcov oiec rev^eauat ; vr) i\i , enre,
^vvetpco yap rd irdvra 69 €V')(rjv fiiav Kal Trpoaicov
T0?9 /8a)yLtot9 &>8e ev')(0[iaL' o) Oeoi, Soirjre /jloi rd
6(f)€iX6/ji€va' el fiev Brj rcbv '^(^prjcrrMV eljuLt dvdpcoTrcov,
rev^o/jbac irXeiovwv rj elirov, el he ev rot<; <^avXoLf;
fjbe ol Oeol rdrr overt, rdvavria fjiot irap avrcov rj^ei
Kal ov fxefi'^^ofiai rov<^ 6eov^, el KaKOiV d^iov^ai
IXTj '^pr]aro<i (avT e^e7reTrXr)Kro fxev ht] 6 TeXealvo'i
444
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
garment made from no dead matter." " And what chap.
is your wisdom? "
An ins^^iration/' answered Apol- ^^
lonius, "^ which teaches men how to pray and sacrifice
to the gods." "And is there anyone^ my philoso-
pher^ who does not know that already ? " " Many/'
said the sage, " and if there is here and there a man
who understands these matters aright, he will be
very much improved by hearing from a man wiser
than himself that, what he knows, he knows for a
certainty." Wlien Telesinus heard this, for he was
a man fairly disposed to worship and religion, he
recognised the sage from the rumours which he had
long before heard about him ; and though he did
not think he need openly ask him his name, in case
he wished to conceal his identity from anyone, he
nevertheless led him on to talk afresh about religion,
for he was himself an apt reasoner, and feeling that
he was addressing a sage, he asked : " What do you
pray for when you approach the altars ? " "^1," said
ApoUonius, " for my part pray that justice may
prevail, that the laws may not be broken, that the
wise may continue to be poor, but that others
may be rich, as long as they are so without fraud."
" Then," said the other, " when you ask for so much,
do you think you will get it ? " " Yes, by Zeus," said
ApoUonius, " for I string together all my petitions in
a single prayer, and when I reach the altars this is
how I pray : O ye gods, bestow on me whatever is
due. If therefore I am of the number of worthy
men, I shall obtain more than I asked for ; but if the
gods rank me among the wicked, then they will
send to me the opposite of what I ask ; and I shall
not blame the gods, because for my demerit I am
judged worthy of evil." Telesinus then was greatly
445
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. VTTO rwv Xoycov tovtcop, /SouXofievo^i Se avrw
Xapii^eaoaL, (poira, 6(p7], e? ra <6pa iravra,
Kol <y6ypd^jr€Tat irap ifiov 7rpb<; tov<; lepcopievov^
he'xea-Oai ae kol hiopOovfjuevw eliceivr *' rjv Se fjurf
ypayjryf;, €(pr),
ov oe^ovrai /jl6 ; ' /xa iXi ,
eiTrev, e/XT] yap, e<pr}, avrrj ap^^r). ^at^w,
€(pr}, '* OTt yevvalo^i obv fieyakou ap')(€i^, /SovXolfirjv
S' ap ae KuKelvo wepl ifiov elBivar iyo) tmv
lepcov ra fir] jBepalco^; KkeLara y^aipay oIkcov, kol
TrapacrelraL fie ov86l<; to)v Oecov, dWa TTOLovvrai
Koivcovov areyrji}' dvetcrOco Be (jlol koI tovto, koI
yap ol /3dp^apot ^vve'^copovv avroT Kal 6 TeXe-
alvo^, *' yLte^a," e^^, " 'Vcofiaioyv iyKcofjLtov ol
/3dp/3apoc TrpovXa^ov, tovtI yap i^ovXo/jLrjv av
Kal Trepl rjfjLCov XeyeaOatT WKei /jl€v Srj ev toc<;
L6po2^, evaXXdrrwv avrd Kal fieOtaTdiJ,evo<^ i^
aXXov 69 aXXo, auTiav be ein tovtco e^wi^, ovoe
ol Oeoiy €(^7), " Trdvra rov '^povov ev rw ovpavw
oiKovcnv, dXXd Tropevovrai fiev e? AldtoTriav,
iropevovrai 8e €? "OXv/jlttov re Kal "AOco, Kal ol/xac
droTTov Tov^ fiev 6eov<; rd tcjv dvOpdnrayv eOvrj
Trepcvoarelv Trdvra, tov<; Be dv9poL>7rov<; /jlt] TOi<i
6eol<i eiTK^oiTav irdai. Kalroc BeaTTorac fiev
virepopcovref; BovXcov ovtto) alriav e^ovaiv, iao)^
yap dv Kara^povolev avTcov, co? firj airovBaKov ,
BovXoi Be jjLT] irdvT(jL><; tov<=; avrcov Bea7roTa<;
depaTrevovre^, diroXoivTO dv vtt avrcov co? Kara-
paroL re Kal 6eoi<i e^Opd dvBpdiroBar
446
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
struck by these words^ aitd wishing to show him a chap.
favour, he said : '"' You may visit all the temples, and
written instructions shall be sent by me to the
priests who minister in them to admit you and adopt
your reforms." " And supposing you did not write/'
said Apollonius, ^^ would they not admit me?"
" No, by Zeus," said he,
for that is my own office
and prerogative." " I am glad," said Apollonius,"
that so generous a man as yourself holds such a higli
office, but I would like you to know this much too
about me : I like to live in such temj)les as are not too
closely shut up, and none of the gods object to my
presence, for they invite me to share their habitation.
So let this liberty too be accorded to me, inasmuch as
even the barbarians always permitted it." And Tele-
sinus said :
The barbarians have more to be proud of
in this matter than the Romans, for I would that as
much could be said of ourselves." Apollonius accord-
ingly lived in the temples, though he changed them
and passed from one to another ; and when he was
blamed for doing so, he said : " Neither do the gods
live all their time in heaven, but they take journeys
to Ethiopia, as also to Olympus and to Athos, and I
think it a pity that the gods should go roaming
around all the nations of men, and yet that men
should not be allowed to visit all the gods alike.
What is more, though masters would incur no
reproach for neglecting slaves, for whom they pro-
bably may feel a contempt because they are not
good, yet the slaves who did not devote themselves
wholly to their masters, would be destroyed by
them as cursed wretches and chattels hateful to
the gods."
447
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XLI
XL!
CAP. Acakeyofjbivov Se avrov Trepl ra lepa ol Oeol
iOepairevovTO fidWov, koI ^vvyecrav ol avOpcdiroi €9
ravra, ct)9 ra ayaOa irXeiw irapa rcov Oewv €^ovt6<;,
Kal ovTTO) hie(3dWovTO at ^vvovauai rod dvSpo<;
Sia TO aiTovSd^eaOai re BTj/jLoaia Xeyeadau re e?
7rdvTa<;, ovSe yap 6vpai<; iTreiroXa^ev, ovBe irpl^ero
irepl Toi'9 SvvaT0v<i, dX)C rjaTTd^ero fiev iTnipoi-
TO)vra<^, SceXeyero Se avTol<; oiroaa koI t&) B>jfji(p.
XLII
^^- 'Evrel Be o ArjfjUjrptof; SLareOeU 7Tpo<i avrov, &)9
iv T0t9 l^opLv6LaKol<; X6yot<; etprjKa, irapayevofievo^;
69 Tr]v 'VcofMTjv varepov iOepdireve fJbev rov 'AttoX-
XdiVLOV, eTrrjcpiec 8' avrov rw ISlepcovt, re')(^vr) ravra
VTTWTrrevOr] rov dvBpo^, Kal rov Ar]/jL7]rptov avr6<;
iS6/c€L KaOeiKevai €9 avrd, /cal ttoXv fiaXXov,
oirore yv/jLvdaiov jxev i^eTrocijdrj ra) ^epcovi Oavjxa-
(Ticorarov rcov i/cel, XevKrjv 8' eOvov iv avrw
rj/jL€pav ^epcov re avro^ Kal r) fiovXrj r) fieydXr] Kal
rb LTTTrevov t?}9 Pct)ya?79, TrapeXOcov Be 6 Arjfxijrpcof;
69 avro ro yvjxvdaiov Bie^r/XOe Xoyov Kara tmv
Xovfievcov, 6i)9 eKXeXvjJLevoiv re Kal avrov<; ')(^paLv6v-
rcov, Kal iBeuKvuev, on rrepirrov dvdXco/na eirj ra
448
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
XLI
The result of his discourses about reliffion was chap.
XT T
that the gods were worshipped with more zeal, and
that men flocked to the temples where he was, in leti^i "^
the belief that by doing so they would obtain an ^^ Rome
increase of divine blessings. And our sage's con-
versations were so far not objected to, because he
held them in public and addressed himself to all
men alike ; for he did not hover about rich men's
doors, nor hang about the mighty, though he
welcomed them if they resorted to him, and he
talked with them just as much as he did to the
common people.
XLII
Now Demetrius being attracted to Apollonius, as I chap.
have said above in my account of the events at Corinth. ,
betook himself subsequently to Rome, and proceeded assails the
to court Apollonius, at the same time that he launched piibiic batiis
out against Nero. In consequence our sage's profession
was looked at askance, and he was thought to have set
Demetrius on to proceed thus, and the suspicion was
increased on the occasion of Nero's completion of
the most magnificent gymnasium in Rome ; for the
auspicious day was being celebrated therein by Nero
himself and the great Senate and all the knights
of Rome, when Demetrius made his way into the
gymnasium itself and delivered himself of a philippic
against people who bathed, declaring that they
enfeebled and polluted themselves ; and he showed
that such institutions were a useless expense. He
449
VOL. I. G G
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Toiavra, ecj)^ ol<; ^vvi]paro fxev avrw rov /jLT]
aTTodavelv avriKa to tov ^epcova evcpcovorara
eavTov Kara ttjv rjfjbepav €K6Lvy]v aSetv — ySe 8e eV
KairrfKeiw ireTToiTjfjievw 69 to 'yvfxvdcnov Scd^ay/jui
ey^cidv yvfivo^, Mairep tmv KairijiXoiv ol daeXyeara-
TOi — ov fJbTjV SLe(f)vy€v 6 Arfp^^T pic's to icf) ot9 elire
KcvSwevcrat, T cy€Wlvo<; yap, ixj)^ co to ^i<po<i ?)V
Tov l^epcopof}, ciTrrjXavvep avTov Tf](; 'Pco/xt;?, ox? to
fBakavelov KaTaaKa-^avTa ol<; elire, tov S' AttoX-
XcovLov d(j)ap(b(; dvl^pevev, ottotc /cat avTO'^ eTri-
Xi'l^^npLOV Tt fcal irapa^epXrfpLevov elTTOC.
XLIII
CAP. ^O 8' ovTe KUTayeXcov <j)avepo<; rjv ovt av
7r€(j>povTLfca)<;y a)a7T€p ol (j^vXaTTOfievoL TLva kiv-
Svvov, aXX' diroy^poavTW^ irepl twv Trpofcei/jiivayv
SieXiycTO, ^v/jL(f)iXo(TO(l)OvvTO<i avTO) tov TeXeacvov
/cal eTCpcov dvBpcjv, o'c /caiToc (^iXoao^La^ emKiv-
Svvcof; 7rpaTT0vcr7)<; ovk dv wovto KtvBvvevaac ^vv
6/c€iV(p (TiTovhd^ovTe<;. virwiTTeveTO Be, £09 €<j)7jv,
KoX TToXv fidXXov 6(f oh teal irepl Trj<; Bioar)p,La<{
etire' yevopbevrj<; ydp ttotg eKXei'\^e(o^ rfKiov kui
^povTr)^ ifcBoOelarjf;, oirep rjKKTTa iv iKXeiyjret
Bo/cec ^v/jL^alvetp, dva^iyjra^; 69 top ovpavov,
450
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
was only saved from immediate death as the penalty ^^^f"
of such language by the fact tliat Nero was in extra
good voice when he sang on that day^ and he sang
in the tavern which adjoined the g}Tnnasium^ naked
except for a girdle round his waist ^ like any low
tapster. Demetrius^ however, did not wholly escape
the risk which he courted by his language ; for
Tigellinus, to whom Nero had committed the power
of life and death, proceeded to banish him from
Rome, on the plea that he had ruined and over-
thrown the bath bv the w^ords he used ; and he
began to dog the steps of Apollonius secretly, in tlie
hope that he would catch him out too in some
compromising utterance.
XLIII
The latter, however, showed no disposition to chap.
ridicule the government, nor on the other hand did ^Liii
he display any of the anxiety usually felt by those ^o|s^^"^^*
who are on their guard against some danger. He Apoiiouius
merely continued to discuss in simple and adequate
terms the topics laid before him ; and Telesinus and
other persons continued to study philosophy in his
company, for although philosophy was just then in a
parlous condition, they did not dream that they
would imperil themselves by associating themselves
with his studies. Yet he was suspected as I have
said, and the suspicion was intensified by words he
uttered in connection with a prodigy. For presently
when there was an eclipse of the sun and a clap of
thunder was heard, a thing w^hich very rarely occurs at
the moment of an eclipse, he glanced up to heaven
451
G G 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. earai tl, ecpr), fmya kul ovk earai. g^f^-
paKeiv fjbev or] to eiprj/juevov oviro) ec^ov oi iraparv-
^oz^re? TW \6yfp, Tplrrj S' utto Trj<; i/cXei'^ecj^;
r)/jL€pa ^vvYjKav Tov Xoyov iravre'^' aLTOvjjbivov
yap TOV Nep(wi^09, ifjiireacdv Trj TpaTri^rj (7K7j7rT0(;
hirfKaa-e t?}? kvXlko^ iv ')(epolv ovarj<; koI ov ttoXv
aTreypvcrrjf; tov aTojjbaTO^;' to Srj Trapa tocfovtov
iXOelv tov pKrjOrivai avTov Treirpd^eaOai tl elire
fcal /jirj TreTTpd^eadao. d/covcra^ 8e TLyeXXlvo<i tov
Xoyov TOVTOV €9 8e09 d(fjiK€T0 TOV dvSpO^, ft)9
(TO(f)OV TCL hatjJiovia, koI €9 eyKXr\\xaTa fxev ^avepa
KaOtcFTaadat 7rpo<; avTov ovk to'ero helv, ft)9 p^rj
KaKov Tl d^ave's vir avTov Xd^oi, StaXeyo/ievov Se
Koi cncoTTMVTU Kol Ka9r)pLevov Kol ^aSi^ovTa kol 6
Tl (f)dyoi fcal Trap' otw koI el eOvaev rj pLrj eOvae,
7repn]6p€t irdaiv 6(f)6aX/xoi<;, oiroaoi^; rj dp')(rj
^X€7T€l.
XLIV
XLIV
CAP. 'EyLt7r6(JO^'T09 8e iv 'Pco/at; voar}pLaTOs, KaTdp-
povv ol laTpol ovo/jbd^ovaiv, dviaTavTai Be dpa vtt
avTOV l3r]^€^ /cal rj (pcovrj T0t9 XaXovai 7rovr]p(o<;
e)(eiy Ta fiev lepa irXea rjv i/c6Tev6vTa)V tov<; Oeov^,
iwel Sia)S7]K€i TYjV (pdpvyya ISlepcov /cal pieXaivrj Trj
cfjoovfj €')(prJTO' 6 Be ^AttoXXoovio^ ipprjyvvTO fxev
'7Tpo<^ Tr)V TMV 7roXXo)V dvoiav, eireirX'qTTe Be
ovBevi, dXXa Kal tov Mevunrov irapo^vvop.evov
452
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
and said : " There shall be some great event and chap.
there shall not be." Now at the time those who ^^^^^
heard these words were unable to comprehend their
meaning ; but on the third day after the eclipse^
everyone understood v»'hat was meant ; for while
Nero sat at meat a thunderbolt fell on the table, and
clove asunder the cup which was in his hands and
was close to his lips. And the fact that he so
narrowly escaped being struck was intended by the
words that a great event should happen and yet
should not happen. Tigellinus when he heard this
story began to dread Apollonius as one who was wise
in supernatural matters ; and though he felt that he
had better not prefer any open charges against him,
lest he should incur at his hands some mysterious
disaster, nevertheless he used all the eyes with which
the government sees, to watch Apollonius, whether
he was talking or holding his tongue, or sitting down
or walking about, and to mark what he ate, and
in whose houses, and v/hether he offered sacrifice
or not.
XLIV
Just then a distemper broke out in Rome, called chap.
by the physicians influenza ; and it was attended; it
seems, by coughings, and the voice of speakers was arrestsh^m
affected by it. Now the temples were full of people
supplicating the gods, because Nero had a swollen
throat, and his voice was hoarse. But xA-pollonius
vehemently denounced the folly of the crowd, though
without rebuking anyone in jjarticular ; nay, he even
restrained Menippus, who was irritated by such goings
453
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. vTTo TMV TOiovTcov 6aco(f)povL^e T€ Kol fcarel'^e,
^vyyoyvco<7/c€tv /ceXevcov TOt<; Oeol^, el /Jbi/JL0L<;
yeXolcov ^aupovaiv. airayyekOevTO^ he rS TiyeX-
Xivcp Tov Xoyov tovtov, 7re/jL7ret tov<; a^ovTa<;
avTov 69 TO Sc/caarijpwv, ft)9 airoXoyTqaaiTO firj
dcre^elv 6? ^epcova, TrapeaKevacrro Be koX Karrj-
yopo<^ eir avrov iroXXov^ airoXcoXeKcof; i^hr] /cat
TOLOVTcov OXv/jLTTidScov yLtecTTo?, /ctti TL Kol ypap^yia-
relov el-^ev iv ralv yepolv yey papnievov to e^/cXT^/xa,
KoX TovTO co(T7rep ^L(f)0(; dvacreLcov iirl tov dvSpa
r)fcovria6ai re avTO eXeye /cal diroXelv avTov. iirel
he dveXiTTcov TiyeXXcvo<^ to ypa/ju/jiaTelov ypafjip,rj(i
p^ev lyyo'^ iv avrS ov^ evpev, dcnjp^o) Se tlvl ^l^Xko
everv^ev, 69 evvoiav d7rr]ve')(0r) haip^ovo^;. tovtX he
KOL /^o/jLeTLavb(; varepov irpo'i avrbv Xeyerai
iraOelv. diroXajSoov ovv tov AttoXXcoviov rjveyKev
69 TO diToppi^Tov ScfcaaTrjpiov, ev (o irepl tmv
pbeyiaTcov r) dp'^rj avTr) a^av(o<; Bi/cd^ec, koX
p^eTadTTjadp^evo^ 7rdvTa<; eve/ceiTO epcoTMV, ocrTt9
etr), 6 Se 'AiroXXoovto^ TraTpo^ Te epApbvrjTo koX
TraTpiho<; fcal €(j) 6 tl ttj (TO(^ia ^/ooSto, ecpaa/ce Te
avjfj '^pijaOac eiri Te to Oeov<; ytyvcoafceiv eiri t€
TO dvOpcoTTcov ^vvLevai, tov yap eavTov yvcovai i
yaXeirooTepov elvat to dXXov yvcovaL. " tol'9 hat-
p.ova<;,
elirev, "c5 ^ A.7roXX(t)vie, Kal.Ta^ tmv elScoXcov
(f)avTao-ia<; 7rw9 eXey')(ei^ ; " " W9 76," e^rj, *' T01/9
p.LaL^6vov<; Te Koi daejSei^; dv6pd)7rov<;" tuvtI Be
7r/)09 Toz^ TtyeXXlvov dTrocKcoTTTcov eXeyev, eTrecSy
454
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
on, and persuaded him to moderate his indignation, chap.
urging him to pardon the gods if they did show ^^^v
pleasure in the mimes of buffoons. This utterance
was reported to Tigellinus, who immediately sent
j)olice to take him to prison, and summoned him to
defend himself from the charge of impiety against
Nero. And an accuser was retained against him who
had already undone a great many people, and won a
number of such Olympic victories. This accuser
too held in his hands a scroll of paper on which the
charge was written out, and he brandished it like a
sword against the sage, and declared that it was so
sharp that it would slay and ruin him. But when
Tigellinus unrolled the scroll, and did not find upon
it the trace of a single word or letter, and his eyes
fell on a perfectly blank book, he came to the con-
clusion that he had to do with a demon ; and this is
said also subsequently to have been the feeling which
Domitian entertained towards Apollonius. Tigellinus interview
then took his victim apart into a secret tribunal, in T^^eHi^^g
which this class of magistrate tries in private the most
important charges ; and having ordered all to leave
the court he plied him with questions, asking who
he was. Apollonius gave his father's name and that
of his country, and explained his motive in practising
wisdom, declaring that the sole use he made of it
was to gain a knowledge of the gods and an under-
standing of human affairs, for that the difficulty of
knowing another man exceeded that of knowing
oneself. '^ And about the demons," said Tigellinus,
and the apparitions of spectres, how, O Apollonius,
do you exorcise them?" '^'^ In the same way," he
answered, "as I should murderers and impious men."
This was a sarcastic allusion to Tigellinus himself,
455
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. TrdcTTjf; Q)/jiOTr]TO^ T€ Kol aaeXyeiat; SiSdaKaXo^; rjv
TO) Nepcovt. " fxavrevcraio 8' dvj^ €(p7j, " ^erjOevrt
fiot ; 7rw95 eiirev, o ye jjlt] fiavrtq cov ; fcat
firjv cre," e^?;, " (paalv elvai rbv elirovra eaeadai
TL /jbeya koI ovk eaeaOai. " dXrjOco^;" elirevy
- i]Kovaa'^, tovto Se /jltj fjuapTifcfj irpoaTiOet, ao^ia
8e fiaWoVy rjv deos (paivec <JO(jiol^ dvSpdatv.^^
" l^epcova Se" €(f)r], " Sid tl ov SiSocKa^; ; " " ot^/*
elirev,
o Oeo^ 6 irapi'X^odv eKeiv(p (po^epo) hoKelv
KapLol SeSco/cev dcpo^w elvac" " (f)povel^ Be ttco?,"
elire, "Trepl Neyowz^o?;" 6 8e 'A7roWd)VLO<;, "ySeXr/oi^,"
elirev, " rj vp.et<;' Uyaet? yap ^yetade avrov d^LOv rov
aSeiv, iyob Be d^iov tov aicoTrdv." e/CTrXayel^ ovv
TiyeWlvo<;/'d'JTiOi, ' e(j)7], " KaraaTtjaa^ iyyvrjrd^
TOV crft)yu,aT09." 6 Be A7roWd)VLo(;, '* /cal Tt9," elirev,
eyyvrjo-erat acopa, o fMrjoei^ orjaei ; edo^e tw
TiyeWiV(p ravra BacfMovid re elvac /cal wpoaco
dv6pco7rov, /cal coairep 6eofJLa')(elv <j)v\aTT6pLevo<;,
" %^V^^j ' ^^V> " o^ ^ovXei, (TV yap /cpelrrcov rj vir
e/jiov ap')(eauai.
XLV
CAP. l^aKelvo ^KttoWcovlov Oavixa' /coprj iv wpa yd-
fjiov reOvdvai eBoKet, Kal o vvpL(f)LO(; TjKokovOei ry
K\ivr) jSoMv oTTocra eir dreXelydfJicp, ^vv(ii\o<j>vpeTO
456
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
for he taught and encouraged in Nero every excess chap.
of cruelty and wanton violence. "And/' said the ^^^^
other, " could you prophesy, if I asked you to ? "
" How/' said Apollonius, "can I, being no prophet ? "
"And yet/' replied the other, " they say that it is
you who predicted that some great event would
come to pass and yet not come to pass." " Quite
true," said Apollonius, " is what you heard ; but you
must not put this down to any prophetic gift, but
rather to the wisdom which God reveals to wise
men." "And," said the other, "why are you not
afraid of Nero ? " " Because," said Apollonius, " the j
same God who allows him to seem formidable, has j
also granted to me to feel no fear." " And what do i
you think," said the other, "about Nero?" And
Apollonius answered : " Much better than you do ; j^yijtjy^l
for you think it dignified for him to sing, but I think ^_ ^ -r'
it dignified in him to keep silent." Tigellinus was
astonished at this and said~: "You may go, but you
must give sureties for your person." And Apollonius
answered : " And who can go surety for a body
that no one can bind?" This answer struck
Tigellinus as inspired and above the wit of man ; and
as he was careful not to fight with a god, he said :
" You may go wherever you choose, for you are too
powerful to be controlled by me."
XLV
Here too is a miracle which Apollonius worked : chap.
A girl had died just in the hour of her marriage,
and the bridegroom was following her bier lament- agirifrom
ing as was natural his marriage left unfulfilled, and the ^^^^ ^^^^
457
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Be KoX T) ^F(o/iir}, Koi yap eTV'y')^avev olKia^ rj Kopr)
reXovar]^ e? vTraTOV^;. TrapaTV')(Oiv ovv 6 'AttoX,-
X(ovio<; TO) irdOei, " KardOeade,^^ €(f)r], " rrjv KXivrjv,
€70) yap v/iid^ Tcov eirl rrj Kopy haKpvwv iravaw. '
Kai djxa Tjpero, 6 ti ovofia avrfj elrj. ol fiev 8r) ttoX-
Xol o)ovTO Xoyov dyopevaeiv avrov, oIol twv Xoywv
ol iiTiKi'iheiol T€ Kal ra? 6Xo(f)vpa€L<; iy€LpovT6<;, 6 Be
ovBev a)OC rj irpoaaylrapbevo^; avry^; Kai tl d(f)ava)<;
eTreiiTwv, dcfiVTrviae rrjv Koprjv rov Bokovvto<; Oavd-
Tov, Kal (pMVTjv re rj 7rat<^ d(j)rjKev, eTravrjXBe re e?
TTjv oiKiav Tov Trarpo^;, coaTrep y "AXKr)aTL<; viro
Tov 'H/oa/cXeou? dva/SccoOelcra. Bwpovfiivwv Be
avToy Tcov ^l;77e^'wz/ ri}? Koprj^; fjLvpidBa<; BeKaTreirre
(j)€pvrji' €(f)7] eTTiBiBovai aura.? rfi TracBi. Kal etre
aiTLvOrjpa Trj<; "^VXV^ evpev ev avrfj, 09 iXeXydet
TOV? OepairevovTa^ — Xeyerai ydp, co? "yjreKd^oi fiev
6 Zei;^, rj Be drfii^oL diro tov irpoacoirov — etr
direaPrjKvlav rrjv '^vxh'^ dvedaXy^e re Kal dveXa-
/9e^', dpp7]ros y KardXr)'\ln<; rovrov yeyovev ovk
ifjLol fi6v(p, dXXd Kal roc'i jraparv^ovaiv.
XLVI
^Fdrvyxdve Be rrepl rov XP^^ov rovrov Kal Mov-
CAP. o-covLO<; KareLXrjfifievof; ev roL<; BeafKOTrjpioif; rov
^epcovo;,ov (fyacrtreXecorara dvOpcoircov (f)iXo(TO<pf]-
aai, Kal (f)avepM(; jiev ov BieXeyovro d\X7JXoi<;,
Trapairrjaafievov rov X'lovawiLov rovro, oo? /jlt)
d/jL<f)o) KCvBvvevaeiav, e7rco-roXL/jia[ov<; Be ra? ^vvov-
458
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
whole of Rome was mourning with him, for the chap.
maiden belonged to a consular family. Apollonius ^^^
then witnessing their grief, said : " Put down the
bier, for I will stay the tears that vou are shedding;
for this maiden." And withal he asked what was
her name. The crowd accordingly thought that he
was about to deliver such an oration as is commonly
delivered as much to grace the funeral as to stir
up lamentation ; but he did nothing of the kind, but
merely touching her and whispering in secret some
spell over her, at once woke up the maiden from her
seeming death ; and the girl spoke out loud, and
returned to her father's house, just as Alcestis did
when she was brought back to life by Hercules.
And the relations of the maiden wanted to present
him with the sum of 150,000 sesterces, but he said
that he would freely present the money to the young
lady by way of a dowry. Now^ whether he detected
some spark of life in her, which those who were
nursing her had not noticed,— for it is said that
although it was raining at the time, a vapour went up
from her face — or whether life was really extinct,
and he restored it by the warmth of his touch, is a
mysterious problem which neither I myself nor those
who were present could decide.
XLVI
About this time Musonius lay confined in the chap.
XL VI
dungeons of Nero, a man who thev say was unsur- ^,
o J » » Lorres-
passed in philosophic ability by anyone. Now they pondence
did not openly converse with one another, because ji^^lsonius
Musonius declined to do so, in order that both their
lives might not be endangered ; but they carried on
459
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. crta? iTTOLOvvro, (boi,T(ovTO<; e? to heaiKDTiipLov tov
XLVI
Mez/tTTTTOu Kol TOV AdfjLtSo^. Ttt? 8e ou^ i;7re/)
/jLeyaXcov eVtcrroXa? idcravre'^, Ta<; dvayjcaLa<i
rrapadrjao/jLeda kcl^ o)v virdp'^et KariZelv n fu-eya'
AiroWcopiof; M.ov(tcovI(j) (f)ikoa6(f)u> ')(aipeiv.
l^ovXo/jbat irapa ae a<^iKoiJi€vo<; Koivcovrjaai croi
Xoyov /cat areyrj^;, w? rt ovrjaaiiii ere* e'l ye fit] din-
aT€L<;, oi)9 'Hpa/cX?}? iroTe Srjo-ea e^ "AcSov eXf ere,
ypdcpe, TV ^ovXei. eppcocro.
Mofcrcyj'to? 'A7roX\coz//oi) (f^tXoaocpa) 'y^aipetv.
flv fjbev evevor)Or)^y diroKeiaerai aoi eiraivo'^,
dvr)p Be VTro/JLelvaf; dirdXoyiav koI ft>9 ovhev dBcKel
8et^a9 euvTov. eppcoao.
ATToWoovcof; ^ovacovLO) (f)i\oa6(f)(t) ')(aipeLi'.
Xco/cpdT7]<; 6 ^ Adrjvalo<; viro tmv eavrov <^i\(iiv
XvOrjvat fA,rj ^ovXTjOei^, iraprfXOe /lev 69 hiKacTTrj-
piov, direOave Be. eppayao.
yiova(ovco<; ^ AttoXXcovlo) (j^iXocrocpa) x^lpecv.
^cofcpdTr]<; aTreOavev, eirel /xr) irapecrKevao-ev e<i
diroXoyiav eavrov, eyco Be diroXoyvicroyiAXi. eppooao. \
460
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
a correspondence through Menippus and Damis^ Avho chap.
went to and fro the prison. Such of their letters as ^^'^^
did not handle great themes I will take no notice of,
and only set before my reader the more important
ones in which we get glimpses of lofty topics :
" Apollonius to Musonius the philosopher, greeting.
" I would fain come unto you, to share your
conversation and your lodgings, in the hope of being
some use to you ; unless indeed you are disinclined
to believe that Hercules once released Theseus from
hell ; write what you would like me to do. Farewell."
" Musonius to Apollonius the philosopher sends
greeting.
" For your solicitude in my behalf, I shall never
do anything but commend you : but he who has
waited patiently to defend himself, and has proved
that he has done no wrong is a true man. Farewell."
" Apollonius to Musonius the philosopher sends
greeting.
" Socrates of Athens, because he refused to be
released by his own friends, went before the tribunal,
and was put to death. Farewell."
" Musonius to Apollonius the philosopher sends
greeting.
" Socrates was put to death, because he would not
take the trouble to defend himself ; but I shall
defend myself. Farewell."
461
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XLVII
CAP. 'EfeXaui^ovTO? Be e? rrjv 'KWdSa tov ^epo)vo<;,
KoX 7rpo/cr]pv^avTO<; Srjfioaia fjbrjBeva i/uL<f)tXoao(l)€2v
rfi 'Fcofirj, Tpeirerai o ^ATroWoovcof; iirl ra iaTrepia
Tr}? yrj^i, a (t>aaiv opi^eaOai TaL<; ZrrjXaL^;, Ta<i
d/jL7ra)T6C<; tov ^flKeavov eTToyfrofieiwf; koI rd TdSeipa.
Kol fydp n KoX irepl (f)t\ooro(f)La<i roiv eKeivri dvOpco-
TTdyv yKovev, co? e? ttoXv tov Oeiov irporfKovTayv,
7]Ko\ovdr)aav Be avTO) ol yvcopifioL irdvTe^ eiraiv-
ovvT€<i fcal T7)v dirohrifjiiav Koi tov dvSpa.
462
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK IV
XLVII
When Nero took his departure for Greece, after chap.
issuing a proclamation that no one should teach philo-
sophy in public at Rome, Apollonius turned his steps spaiif ^
to the Western regions of the earth, which they say
are bounded by the Pillars, because he wished to visit
and behold the ebb and flow of the ocean, and the
city of Gadeira. For he had heard something of the
love of wisdom entertained by the inhabitants of that
country, and of how great an advance they had
made in religion ; and he was accompanied by all his
pupils, who approved no less ot" the expedition than
they did of the sage.
463
BOOK V
"""■■ ••
E'
CAP. Uepl Be TMV %Tr)\(t)v, a<; opta r?)? 7% top 'Hpa-
K\ea (f)aal inj^aadai,, ra fiev fivOcoBr) iw, ra 3'
aKorj<; t€ Kol \6yov d^ca SrjXooaco /jLoWov ^vpco-
ttt;? Kal At/Svrjf; UKpai araBlcov e^rJKOvra TropO/iov
iirexovo'CiL tov ^VlKeavov e? ra eao) TreXdjrj (f)epov(Ti,
Kol TTjv fiev T?}? Ac^vr}(; dfcpav, ovofia he avrfj
"AjBtPva, \eovTe<; vTrepvefiovrac irepl ra? 6(j)pv<; to)v
opcbv, a eaco virep(j)aiveTaL, ^vvdiTTOvaav TTyoo?
TaiTOv\ov(; Kal Tlyya^ d/jL(f)(o Orjpioohy^ koX Ai^vkol
eOvrj, Trapareivei 8e eairXeovTi. tov ^Q^Keavov fie^^pi-
fxev TMV eK^o\(ov tov SaXr)Ko<; ivvaKocna aTaSta,
TO 8e ivTevdev ovk dv ^vpufiaXoc ti,<; oiroaa, fieTa
yap TOP TTOTa/jLov tovtov d^t,o<; rj AtjSvr] Kal ovkItl
dvOpwTroi. TO Be t?}? Eu^cottt^? aKpcoTr^pcov, o
KaXecTac KaX7ri9, Be^ia puev e'ne')(ei, tov eairXov,
aTahiwv e^aKoaucov /xrJKo^;, Xijyet Se €9 to, dp')(ala
Vdhsipa,
466
BOOK V
Now in regard to the Pillars which they say chap.
Hercules fixed in the ground as limits of the earth, I
shall omit mere tables, and confine myself to record- the Pillars
ing what is worthy of our hearing and of our nar- °^ Hercules
rating. The extremes of Europe and Libya border on
a strait sixty stadia wide, through which the ocean is
admitted into the inner seas. The extremity of
Libya, which bears the name Abinna, furnishes a
haunt to lions, who hunt their prey along the brows
of the mountains Avhich are to be seen rising inland,
and it marches with the Gaetuli and Tingae, both of
them wild Libyan tribes ; and it extends as you sail
into the ocean as far as the mouth of the river Salex,
some nine hundred stadia, and beyond that point a
further distance which no one can compute, because
when you have passed this river Libya is a desert
which no longer supports a population. But the
promontory of Europe, known as Calpis, stretches
along the inlet of the ocean on the right hand side a
distance of six hundred stadia, and terminates in the
ancient city of Gadeira.
467
H H 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
II
CAP. Ta? 3e Tov ^0./c6avou t/potto,? fcal avTo<; fxev irepl
Ke\,TOv<; elBov, oirolai Xeyovrai, rrjv Be alrtav iirl
TToWa eiKa^cov, Sl* fjv diTetpov ovray 7r€\a<yo<; eVtp^^ft)-
pet T€ /cat avaaTTCLTat, Sokcj jjlol tov ^AttoWcovlop
i7Tea/c6(j)0aL to 6v. iv fiua 'yap tS)v irpcx; ^lvSov<;
eTTiaToXcov tov ^VtKeavov (f)7jaLV v(f)vSpoL<; iXavvo-
fxevov TTvevfiaatv etc ttoWcov ^acryLtarwy, a vii
avT(p T€ fcal irepl avTov rj yi] 7rape')(eTai, -y^wpelv
6? TO efw KoX ava^wpelv irakiv, inrecSav oiairep
daOfjia virovo(TTi]ar) to irvevjjia. TnaTOVTai he
avTO KCLK. TMV voaovvTcov irepl Tdheipa' tov yap
')(^p6vov, ov irXrip^jivpel to vScop, ovk aTToXeiTTOvaiv
al -^Irv^al tov^ aTroOvijaKovTa';, oirep ovk av ^vp--
^aivetv, el p,r) koI irvevp^a ttj yy iirex^P^f" ^ ^^
irepl T-qv aeXrjvrfv (paal (^alveaOai TLKTop.evrjv re
Kal TrXrjpovpLevrjv /cat (fiOlvovaav, TavTa irepl tov
^Q^Keavov olSa, to, yap eKeivr}<; dviaot fieTpa, ^vp,-
pLLVuOwv avTTj Kal ^vp.7r\r]povp.evo<;.
Ill
CAP. 'Hp^epa S* eKhe)(eTaL vvKTa Kal vv^ ttjv rjp^epav
irepl KeXroi'? p,ev KaT oXiyov virain6vT0<; tov
(TKOTOV^ rj TOV </)a)T09, cjairep evTavOa, irepl TdBetpa
Be Kal ^TTjXa^; d6p6(o<; XeyovTai to?? 6^6aXp.ol^
468
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
II
Now I myself have seen among the Celts the chap.
ocean tides just as they are described ; and after
1 . . • ,* I J. 1 . Remarks
makmg various conjectures about why so vast a the Tides
bulk of waters recedes and advances, I have come to
the conclusion that Apollonius discerned the real
truth. For in one of his letters to the Indians he says
that the ocean is driven by submarine influences or
spirits out of several chasms which the earth affords
both underneath and around it, to advance outwards,
and to recede again, whenever the influence or spirit,
like the breath of our bodies, gives way and recedes.
And this theory is confirmed by the course run by
diseases in Gadeira ; for at the time of high water
the souls of the dying do not quit their bodies, and
this would hardly happen, he says, unless the
influence or spirit I have spoken of was advancing
towards the land. They also tell you of certain
phenomena of the ocean in connection with the
phases of the moon, according as it is born and
reaches fulness and wanes. These phenomena I
verified, for the ocean exactly keeps pace with the
size of the moon, decreasing and increasing with her.
Ill
And whereas the day succeeds the night and night CHAP,
succeeds the day in the land of the Celts by a very ^^^
slow diminution of the darkness and of the light S'^unseT^
respectively, as in this country ; in the neighbourhood ai^i dawn
of Gadeira on the contrary and of the Pillars, it is
said that the change bursts upon the eyes all at
469
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. i/jLTTLTTTeiv, oicjiTep at acnpairai. (paal Se fcal ra^;
MaKcipcDV vrjGOv^ opi^eaOai rw Al^vkw reppbari
TTyoo? TO aoiK7]TOV ctveyovGa^ aKpcoTT^piov,
IV
CAP. Ta he Vahetpa Kelrai piev Kara to Trj<; EvpooTrrjf;
reppia, TrepCTTol Be elai ra Oela' <yi]p(0<; ovv ficop^ov
iSpwraL KoX Tov Odvarov pbovot avOpcoTTcov 7ratQ)VL-
^ovrat, jScopiol Be eKel fcal 7revia<; koI Te'xyr}^ teal
'Rpafc\eov<; AlyvTrrlov koI erepoo rod ^rj^aiov
TOV pLev yap eVl ttjv eyyu? ^EpvOeiav iXdaac (paalv,
OTe Brj TOV Trjpvovrjv t€ teal Ta<; ^ov<; eXelv, tov Be
aocpia BovTa yrjv dvapLeTprjaacrOaL iraaav e? Tepp.a.
KoX pLTjv fcal 'EWr)ViKov<; elvai (paat tcl TdBeopa /cat
TTaiBevecrOai tov rjpLeBaTrbv Tpoirov daird^eo-Oac
yovv ^ AOrjvalov^ 'EWrjvcov /xaXtcrra, koI Mevep-Oel
TM 'AOrjvalcp Oveiv, koI (depLcaTOKXea Be tov vav-
paxov ao(f)La<; t€ koX dvBpela^ dyaaOevTe<; ^^Xkovv
iBpvvTaL evvovv koI coGirep 'Xp7]apS e<f)L<7TdvTa.
V
CAP. 'iBelv Koi BevBpa (^taalv evTavda, ola ovx eTepMOi
T^9 7^9, ical Vijpvoveia pLev KoKelaOat avTd, Bvo
470
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
once^ like a flash of lightning. And they also say chap.
that the Islands of the Blessed are bounded by the ^^^
limits of Libya and emerge towards the uninhabited
promontory.
IV
Now the city of Gadeira is situated at the extreme chap.
TV
end of Europe, and its inhabitants are excessively
given to religion ; so much so that they have set up o/oadeira'^
an altar to old age, and unlike any other race they
sing hymns in honour of death ; and altars are found
there set up to poverty, and to art, and to Hercules
of Egypt, and there are others in honour of Hercules
the Theban. For they say that the latter penetrated
as far as the neighbouring city of Erythea, on which
occasion he took captive Geryon and his cows ; and
they say that in his devotion to wisdom he traversed
the whole earth up to its limits. They say moreover its
that there is a Hellenic culture at Gadeira, and ^ en^sm
that they educate themselves in our own fashion ;
anyhow, that they are fonder of the Athenians than
of any other Hellenes, and they offer sacrifice to
Menestheus the Athenian, and from admiration of
Themistocles the naval commander, and to honour
him for his wisdom and bravery, they have set up
a brazen statue of him in a lifelike attitude and,
as it were, pondering an oracle.
They say also that they saw trees here such as are chap.
not found elsewhere upon the earth ; and that these
471
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Se elvai, ^veaOac Be rov <7?;/xaT09, o eVt toS Trjp-
vovr) 6crT7]K€, TTapaWaTTOvra i/c Trtruo? re A:al
7r€VKr)<; e? 623o9 erepov, XeijBecrQaL he aifxarLy
KaOdirep tw ')(pvcrw rrjv 'HXcdSa atyeipov. rj Be
vi]ao<;, ev fj to lepov, ecrn [lev OTroarj o v€co<;, ire-
rpcoBe^; Be avTrj<; ovBev, dWa ^aX/SlBi ^earfj
eiKaGTai. ev Be to5 lepQ) TLjidaOaL fiev dficpa) tco
'UpaKXee (paauv, dydXfiara Be avrotv ovk elvac,
^(OjJLoi)^ Be Tov fiev AlyviTTiov Bvo ')(^d\KOv<; Koi
dai]jjbov<i, eva Be tov ^Tj^alov — tcl^; Be vBpa<; re
Kal ra? ALOfi7]Bov(; 'lttttov^; koI to. BcoBeKa 'H^a-
K\eov<; epya eKTeTVirwaOai (paai /cdvTavOa — \idov
ovTa. Tj TIvy/jLa\L(ovo<; Be ekaia rj ')(^pvcrij, dvd-
KCLTac Be fcdKeivrj e? to iipdKXeiov, d^la fiev, o)?
(paai, Kal tov OaXkov davfid^ecv, (L ecKacTTac,
6avfxd^ea0ai 8' dv eVt tw Kapirw fjudWov, jSpveiv
yap avTov (TfiapdyBov \iOov. Kal TevKpov tov
Te\afio)vlov ^coaTTjpa ^(^pvaovv (paac BeiKwaOai,
770)9 Be €9 TOV ^VlKeavov irXevcravTO^; rj icf)' 6 tl,
ovT€ avTo^ Ad/jLi<^ ^vviBelv (prjaLv ovTe €K€ivcov
aKOvaai. Ta9 Be ev Ta> lepw aTTjXa'^ ')(pvaov fxev
TTeiroirjadai Kal dpyvpov ^vvTeTrjKOTOiv 69 ev
')(pcb/jLa, elvai Be avTd<^ vwep tttj^vv TeTpaycovov
Te')(y7)<^, coairep ol aKfiove^, e7TLyeypd(f)0ac Be Ta9
Ke(l)aXd<; ovTe Klyv7TTiOL<^ ovTe ^IvBlkoc^; ypd/jLfjLaaov,
ovTe oioi<; ^vfi^aXelv. 6 Be ^AttoXXcovco^;, 0)9 ovBev
01 lepels ecppa^ov, " ov ^vyX^P^^ fjioi," e<f>7], " 6
472
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
were called trees of Gervon. There were two of chap.
them, and they grew upon the mound raised over
Geryon : they were a cross between the pitch tree of Geryon
and the pine, and formed a third species ; and blood
dripped from their bark, just as gold does from the
Heliad poplar. Now the island on which the shrine
is built is of exactly the same size as the temple, and
there is not a rough stone to be found in it, for the
whole of it has been given the form of a polished
platform. In the shrine thev say there is maintained Altars of
a cult both of one and the other Hercules, though
there are no images of them ; altars however there
are, namely, to the Egyptian Hercules two of bronze
and perfectly plain, to the Theban, one of stone ; on
the latter they say are engraved in relief hydras and
the mares of Diomede and the twelve labours of
Hercules. And as to the golden olive of Pygmalion,
it too is preserved in the temple of Hercules, and
it excited their admiration by the clever way in
which the branch work was imitated ; and they were
still more astonished at its fruit, for this teemed
with emeralds. And they say that the girdle of Girdle of
Teucer of Telamon was also exhibited there of
gold, but how he ever sailed as far as the ocean,
or why he did so, neither Damis by his own
admission could understand nor ascertain from the
people of the place. But he says that the pillars in
the temple were made of gold and silver smelted
together so as to be of one colour, and they were
over a cubit high, of square form, resembling anvils ;
and their capitals were inscribed with letters which
were neither Egyptian nor Indian nor of any kind
which he could decipher. But Apollonius, since the
priests would tell him nothing, remarked : "Hercules
473
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. 'Y{pa/c\i](; 6 Alyv7rTio<; fir) ov \eyeiv, oiroaa olBa'
r?}? Kal ^O.K€avov ^vv8ecr/jL0L alSe at arifkal elacv,
eireypd'^aTO he avra^; eK6tvo<; iv ^lotpcov ot/co), 009
yL67;T6 velKO<; rot? crro^^etoi? iyyevoiro fjbrjTe aTLfid-
aeiav rrjv (piXoryra, rjv dWrfKwv Xa'^^ovaivT
VI
^yj^' ^a(j\ he Kal rov Trorafibv dvairXoiaaL tov Ba?-
TLVy 09 hrfkol /jboXccTTa rijv tov flfceavov (pixTLV
eireLhav yap Tfkrj/jL/jbvprj to 7reXa709, eirl Ta<; irTjyaf}
6 7roTa/jio<; iraXippovi; leTai, 7rvev/jiaT0<; hrjirov aTrco-
Oovfievov avTov tt}? OaXaTTrj^. tyjv he rjireipov
Tr)v HaLTtKijv, '^9 6 7roTa/xo9 OUT09 6/jLcovv/jLO<;,
dpLo-TTjv r]Treip(t3V (paal, iroXecov t€ yap ev e')(eLV
Kal vojXMV, Kal hirJxOaL tov iroTa/jbov €9 to, aaTT)
irdvTa, yewpyia<^ re ^vfiTrdarjf; /xeaTijv elvai Kai
(hpcov, olai T^9 'ATTt/c?79 al fieTOTTcopcval re xal
pbV(TT7]pL(i)Tihe<^,
VII
CAP. AiaXe^ei^ he tS ' A7roXX(ovLO) irepl tmv eKel irapa-
VII ^ t ^
ireaovTCdv 6 Adfitf; TrXetov^; /xev yeveaOai (prjaLV,
d^ia<; he tov dvaypd^lrai Tdahe' KaOr)/jLev(ov ttotc
avTOiV €9 TO 'YipdKXeiov dvayeXdaa^ 6 Mei/i7r7ro9,
dvafiefjbvrjTO he dpa tov Nepcovof;, " rt,
^</>^» " tov
yevvalov rjydy/jLeOa; Tiva^;,
ecpy, "eaTecpavctxrOaL tmv
474
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
of Egypt does not permit me not to tell all I know. chap.
These pillars are ties between earth and ocean, and
they were inscribed by Hercules in the house of the inscriptions
Fates, to prevent any discord arising between the
elements, and to save their mutual affection for one
another from violation."
VI
They tell also of how they sailed up the river chap.
Baetis, which throws no little light upon the nature ^^
of the ocean. For whenever it is high tide, the of^B^tica'^
river in its course remounts towards its sources,
because apparently a current of air drives it away
from the sea. And the mainland of Baetica, after
which this river is called, is the best by their account
of any continent ; for it is well furnished with cities
and pastures, and the river in its course visits all the
towns, and it is very highly cultivated with all sorts
of crops ; and it enjoys a climate similar to that of
Attica in the autumn season when the mysteries are
celebrated.
VII
The conversations which Apollonius held about chap
things which met his eyes were, according to ^^^
Damis, many in number, but the following he said
deserve to be recorded. On one occasion they were Discussion
sitting in the temple of Hercules and Menippus aud the
gave a laugh, for it happened that Nero had just Olympic
come into his mind, " And what," he said, "are we ^^™*^^
to think of this splendid fellow ? In which of the
475
FLAVIUS PHILOSTHATUS
CAP. aycovcov; tov<; Be ^€\Ti(TTOV(;^^KWr)va^ ov ^vv oXqy
yeXcoTi (poirdv 69 ra? Travi^yvpei^; ; " o Be ^AiroWco-
vio<;, co<; /jueu eyo), ecprj, leAeaiVOV rjKovoVy oebieu
6 ')(^prj(7To^ Nipcov Ta9 'HXelcov fjudaTLyaf;' irapa-
KeXevofievcov yap avrw tmv KoXd/ccov vikolv to,
^OXv/jLTTLa fcal dvaKrjpvTTetv rrjv 'Voy/jiijv, " -^v 76,"
ecf)!], '* fjLTj ^a(TKijvcocnv 'HXetot, Xeyovrat, yap fxaa-
Tiyovv Kal (ppovelv virep eytte," iroWd Be teal aXXa
dvorjTorepa tovtcov TTpoavecfxovrjo-ev. eyco Be vikt}-
cretv fxev Nepcova ev ^OXv/jLTrla (f>r)/jii, rt? yap ovrco
Opaavf;, &><? evavriav OeaOai ; ^OXvfiTTca Be ov
viKYjaeiv, are firjBe iv copa dyovar irarpiov fiev
yap Tol<^ 0\v/jL7rioc<; tov irepvaiv eviavrov 6vT0<i,
eKeXevo-e tov<; 'HXetou? ^epcov dvajBaXeaOai avra
€9 Tr)v eavTOv einBrjiJbiaVi a)<; eKeivo) fidXXov r)
T(p Ad 6vaovTa<;' rpaycoBiav B' eirayyelXat Kai
KiOapwBiav dvBpdaiv, ol^ ixrjre Oearpov iari jjbrjre
cTKTjvrj 7r/oo9 Ta roiavra, ardBuov Be avTO(f)ve<; Kal
yv/jbvd irdvra, tov Be viicav, a ')(^pr) eyKaXvTrrecrdaL,
Kal rrjv Avyovarov re Kal ^lovXiov aKevrjv pL'^avra
/jLeTa/ji(l)cevvva6ac vvv rrjv ^A/jboi/Seco^; Kal Tepirpov,
Ti ^rjaei'^ ; Kal rd fxev Kpeovro^; re Kal OIBlttoBo^
ovrco^ e^aKpL^ovv, (09 BeBieyai, p.rj irrj XdOrj
d/jbapTcov 6vpa<; rj (TToXi)^ rj aKrjiTTpov, eavrov
476
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
contests has he won wreaths of late ? Don't you chap.
think that self-respectmg Hellenes must shake with ^^'
laughter when they are on their way to the
festivals?" And ApoUonius replied: "As I have
heard from Telesinus_, the worthy Nero is afraid of the
whips of the Eleans ; for when his flatterers urged him
to win at Olympia and to proclaim Rome as the victor,
he answered : ^ Yes^, if the Eleans will only not de-
preciate me, for they are said to use whips and to look
down upon me.' And many worse bits of nonsense than
this forecast fell from his lips. I however admit that
Nero will conquer at 01}Tnpia, for who is bold enough
to enter the lists against him ? But I deny that he
will wm at the Olympic festival, because they are not
keeping it at the right season. For custom requires
that this should have been held last year, but Nero has
ordered the Eleans to put it off until his own visit, in
order that they may sacrifice to him rather than to
Zeus. And it is said that he has announced a tragedy
and a performance on the harp for people who have
neither a theatre nor a stage for such entertainments,
but only the stadium which nature has provided,
and races which are all run by athletes stripped
of their clothes. He however is going to take the
prize for performances which he ought to have
hidden in the dark, for he has thrown off the robes
of Augustus and Julius and has dressed himself up
in the garb of an Amoebeus and a Terpnus. What
can you say of such a record ? And then he betrays
such a meticulous care in playing the part of Creon
and Oedipus, that he is afraid of falling into some
error, of coming in by the wrong door, or of wearing
the wrong dress, of using the wrong sceptre ; but he
has so entirely forgotten his own dignity and that of
477
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. §£ /cat 'Vcofiaicop ovTO)>i eKTrinrreLv, (09 avri tov
vofjLoOeTelv vofMovq aheuv Koi ayeipeiv e^ct) dvpwv,
Mv eao) XPV KaOrjaOat tov jBaaiXea ')(^pr]fiaTL^ovTa
virep yr](; koX OaXdrTrj^ ; eiaivy co Mei^tTTTre,
Tpayfphol TrXetof?, e? 01)9 ^epoyv eavrov <ypd<l>6r tl
ovv ; €L Tt9 avTMV /juera tov Olvofiaov rj tov
KpeacfiovTi^v d7re\0a)v tov deuTpov, fjL€aTO<; ovtco
TOV TTpoacdireiov yevocTO, (09 ap'^etv jxev eTepcov
/BoijXeaOaL, Tvpavvov he avTov rjyela-Oai, tl koI
(^7ja€t<i TOVTOv ; ap ovk ekXe/Sopov BelaOat koi
<j)ap/jLaK07roaLa<i, oiroaT] 701/9 vov<; iKKaOaipet ; el
3 avTOf; Tvpavvevcov €9 TpaycpSov^i koX Te^viTa^^
TCL Trpdy/jbaTa eavTOV dyot, Xeatvcov ttjv (fxovrjv kol
SeSioD<; TOV ^aXelov 7) tov AeXc^oz^, 17 pL7] SeSLco^ fiev,
KaKOi^ he ovTco<; viroKpivoixevo^ ttjv eavTOv Te'xyriv,
ci)9 yu-^ fiacTTcycocreo-OaL vofii^eiv 7rpo<; tovtcov, Siv
avTo^ dp)(^etv TCTaKTai, tl tov<; KaKoSai/jLOva<;
dv6pw7T0v<^ epeL<; viro tolovtcd KaOdpfiaTC ^cjVTaf; ;
T0L<; Be
\LWr]<TL Tiva rjyjj, w MevcTTTre ; iroTepa
aep^Tjv KaTaTTL/jLTrpdvTa rj l^epcova aSovTa ; el
yap iv6v/jL7jOeir)(; Tr)v dyopdv, fjv 69 Ta9 eKeivov
(phd^i ^v/x(f)epovo-i, koI 0)9 e^wOovvTai tmv oIklmv
KoX ft>9 OVK e^eaTL aTTovhalov ovhev rj (TKevo<^ rj
avSpdiroBov avTol<; TreTrdaOai, irepl yvvaioL^ Te koI
iraicrlv a)<; Seivd TreiaovTai Ta9 i7nppiJT0V<; rjSovd(;
ef dirdar]'^ olKia<; €K\eyovTO<; tov ^epQ)vo<;, SUat
Te ft)9 TToWal dvaipvaovTai, kol Ta<; fxev aXXa<; ea,
Ta9 Be iiTL Tol<; 6edTpoL<; koX Tal^ a>Sat9' ovk rjXSef;
dKpoaa6fievo<; lSepo)vp<iy rj iraprjaOa fiev, pq-Ovfioi^i
478
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
the Romans, that instead of carrying on tlie work of chap.
making laws, he has taken to singing, and strolls like ^ ^^
a player outside the gates within which the Emperor
ought to take his seat on his throne, deciding the
fate of land and sea. There are, O Menippus,
several troupes in which Nero has inscribed himself
as an actor. What next ? Supposing any one of these
actors quitted the theatre after playing Oenomaus or
Cresphontes, so full of his part as to want to rule
others, and imagine himself to be a tyrant, what
would you say of him ? Surely you would recom-
mend a dose of hellebore and the taking of drugs of
a kind to clear the intellect ? Well, here is the man
himself who wields absolute power, throwing in his
lot with actors and artists, cultivating a soft voice and
trembling before the people of Elis or of Delphi ; or
if he does not tremble, yet misrepresenting his art so
thoroughly as not to anticipate he will be whipped by
the people over whom he has been set to rule. What
will you say of the unhappy people who have to live
under such a scum ? And in what light do you
think the Hellenes regard him ? Is it as a Xerxes
burning their houses down or as a Nero singing
songs ? Think of the supplies they have to collect
for his songs, and how they are thrust out of their
houses and forbidden to own a decent bit of furniture
or slave. Think of how Nero picks out of every other
house women and children, to gratify his infamous
desires, and of the horrors they will suffer over them,
of the crop of prosecutions which will be brought, and
without dwelling upon the rest, just fix your atten-
tion upon those which will arise out of his theatrical
and singing ambitions. This is what you hear : ' You
did not come to listen to Nero,' or : ^ You were
479
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Se 7]KpOM, fc'^eXa?, ovk eKpOTrjaa^, ov/c eOvaa^i vTrep
T^9 <^(jdvrj<;, Iva JlvOcoBe Xa/XTrpoTepa eXOor TToWai
aoL Bo^ovac dearoiyv 'IXiaSe? irepl tov^ "KXX,7}va<i
eivai. TO yap TeTjjLrjaeadai top ^YaOjjbov rj ov
Ter/jbrjaeaOai, Te/jLverao Be, ft>9 (f)a(Tt, vvv, iraXai
TTpov/jLaOov 6 60V ^TjvavTO'^.^^ v7ro\a^a)v ovv 6
Ad/jLc<;, " a)OC e/xotye," ecf^rj, ** w ^ATroWcovce, to
irepl Trjv TOfir^v epyov vTrep^covelv Bofcel to, Nepcovof;
iravTa, rj yap Bidvoia opa^, co? p^eyaXr)^ " BoKec
/J,6V, ecpT), Ka/jLOL, (o IlafjLL, TO 06 aT6A,e9 avTr]<;
capaXXet avTov,^co<; areA-r; fiev abovTa, aTeXi) be
opvTTOVTa. TOL TOi 'Bip^ov dva\6y6/JLevo<; eiraLvo)
TOP dvBpa, 01)^ OTi Tov 'KWrjairovTOV e^ev^ev,
dX}C OTL Bie^rj avTov, l^ipcova Be ovTe rrXevaov-
fievov Bta TOV 'Icr^/xoO opco ovt6 e? Tepfia ri)?
opv^Tjf; Tj^ovTa, Bokcl Be /jloc Kal (^opov fJueaTO^
dva')((iyprjaai Tr]<; EXXa^o?, el /jLT) tj aXrjOeia
(iTToXcoKev .^
VIII
CAP. ^A(j)iKo/jLevov Be tcvo<; e? TdBetpa jxeTa TavTa
TMV Tov<; Tax^^'^ BiaOeovTCdv Bp6p,ov<;,Ka\ KeXevovTO^;
evayyeXiaOveLv TpLaoXvfnrioviKriv^epcDva aBovTa^,
TOL fxev TdBetpa ^vvieo Trj<; viK7)<; Kal otl ev ApKaBla
480
VIII
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
present, but you listened to him without enthusiasm/ chap.
'You laughed/ or 'You did not clap your hands/ ^^^
or ' You have not offered a sacrifice in behalf of his
voice nor prayed that it may be more splendid than
ever at the Pythian festival.' You can imagine that
the Greeks will endure whole Iliads of woe at these
spectacles. For I have long ago learned by the revela-
tion of heaven that the Isthmus will be cut through
or will not be cut through, and just now, they say,
it is being cut." Here Damis took him up and said :
As for myself, O Apollonius, I think this scheme of
cutting through the Isthmus excels all other under-
takings of Nero, for you yourself see how magnificent
a project it is."
I admit," he said, "that it is, O
Damis ; but it will go against him that he never
could complete it, that just as he never finished his
songs, so he never finished his digging. When I
review the career of Xerxes, I am disposed to praise
him not because he bridged the Hellespont, but
because he got across it ; but as for Nero, I perceive
that he will neither sail his ships through the
Isthmus, nor ever come to an end of his digging ;
and I believe, unless truth has wholly departed from
among men, that he will retire from Hellas in a fit
of panic."
VIII
At this time a swift runner arrived at Gadeira, and chap.
ordered them to offer sacrifices for the good tidings, ^^^^
and to sing hymns in honour of Nero who had thrice fmp?essions
won the prize at Olympia. In the city of Gadeira of Nero's
indeed they understood the meaning of the victory, victories
and that there had been some famous contest in
481
VOL. I. 11
FLA VI LIS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP: Tt9 eh] aya)v evSoKLfioi;, eireihr], o)^ elirov, t'9 ra
' F^Wijvcov airevhovaiv, al he 7r6Xec<; al TrpoaoLfcoL
T0i9 VaSeLpot<^ ovre eylyvcoaKov 6 tl etr) ra ^OXvjjl-
iria, ovh^ 6 TL dycovla rj ayuiv, ovSe 6<^' oro) 6vov<jlv,
aW (iTrrjyovTO 69 yeXoLov^;, So^a<^ iroKifxov ViKr}v
riyovyuevoL ravra kol on ^epcov ypiJKoi Ttm9
dv9p(ji)7rov<;'0\v/ji7riov(;' ovSe yap TpayoiSla*; irore rj
KiOapfpSlaf; Oearal eyeyovecrav.
CAP. Toi'9 yovv OLKOvvra<; ra ^'YiroXa, 7roXi<; Se KaKeuirq
^aiTLKT), <p7)alv Ad/jLL<!i iraOelv tl 7r/)09 Tpaya)BLa<}
virofcpLTTjv, ov KCLfie a^Lov i7rL/jLV7]a07]vaL' Ovovawv
yap TMV TToXeoyv Oafxd eirl Tal<; vLKaL<;, eVetS^ Kal
al UvOcKal 7]Br) diri^yyeWovTO, Tpaya)8La<; vtto-
KpLT7]<; TOiV ovK d^LOv/jLevcov dvTaycdVi^eaO aL tw
^epcovL eirrjeL Ta.9 eaTrepiov^; 7r6X€L<; dyetpcov, fcal
TTJ Te^vT) '^poo^evo's rjvSoKL/jLeL irapa toI<; tjttov
^ap^dpoL<^, TrpcoTov fiev 8l avTo to rjKeLV irap
dvOpdjirov^, oc fJLTjTTO) Tpaya)8ia<; r^KOvaav, elT
iireLSr) Ta9 Ne/)a)i/09 /xeXft)5/a9 d/cpL^ovv €(f)a(T/c€.
irapeXOoiv he 69 tcl "liroXa (fio^epo^ fxev avTol^
€(f)alveTO Kal ov eatcoTra ')(^povov ewL t?}9 crKrjvi]^;,
/cal 6p(x}VTe<^ ol dvOpcoTTOL jSahi^ovTa pbev avTov
fjieya, Ke')(7)v6Ta he ToaovTov, e'^ecrrwra he oKpi-
482
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
Arcadia ; for, as I said before, the people of Gadeira chap.
affect Hellenic civilisation. But the cities in the ^^^'
neighbourhood of Gadeira neither knew what the
Olympic festival was, nor what a contest nor an
arena meant ; nor did they understand what they
were sacrificing for, but they indulged in the most
ridiculous supj^ositions, and imagined that it was a
victory in war that Nero had won and that he had
taken captive some men called Olympians ; for they
had never been spectators either of a tragedy or of a
harp-playing j)erformance.
IX
Damis indeed speaks of the singular effect which chap.
a tragic actor produced upon the minds of the
inhabitants of Ipola, which is a city of Baetica, and tragic sector
I think the story is worthy of being reproduced by ^^ ^^
me. The cities were multiplying their sacrifices in ipoia
honour of the Emperor's victories, for those at the
Pythian festival were already announced, when an
actor of tragedy, who was one of those that had
not ventured to contend for the prize against Nero,
was on a strolling tour rouiid the cities of the west,
and by his histrionic talent he had won no small
fame among the less barbarous of the populations,
for two reasons, firstly because he found himself
among people who had never before heard a tragedy,
and secondly because he pretended exactly to
reproduce the melodies of Nero. But when he
appeared at Ipola, they showed some fear of him
before he ever opened his lips upon the stage, and
they shrank in dismay at his appearance when they
483
1 [ 2
X
FLAVaUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. /3aaip ovTco'i v-^r]\ol'^ reparooSr) re ra irepl avrov
ecrdyjfjLara, ov/c a(j>oj3oL rjaav rov a^7j/iiaT0<i, eVet
8e i^dpa<; ttjv (pcovrjv yeycovov 6(f)6ey^aTO, (pvyf) oi
ifKelcTTOL a>'^ovTO, coairep vtto Bai/uLOVO^ ifi^orjOevre^;.
Tocavra fiev ra ijOrj roiv ravrj] jBap^dpwv Kat
oi/TOJ? dp)(aia.
X
CAP. '^TTOvBrjv Se Troiov[xevov rov rrjv ^aiTLKr^v ein-
Tpo7r€vovTO<; e? ^vvovaiav to3 XiroWcovup iXOelv,
6 fiev drjBel^; ecjirj Ta.9 ^vvovaia<; Ta9 iavrov
(^aiveadai rot? fxr) (^i\.oao<^ov(JLV, o he 7rpocre/c€LTO
atTMv TOVTO' €77 el Bk ^/^r/cTTO? re elvai ekeyero kol
Sia^e^Xrjfievo^ 7r/309 tou? ^epcovo^ /jll/jLov^;, ypd(j)et.
Trpo? avrov eiriaroKijv XttoWoovco';, iv e? ra
TdSecpa eXOoiy 6 Be d(pe\cdv rov rrjf; dpxv^ oyKOV
^vv oK.iyoi'^ Kol eavro) iTnrrjBecordroc^ rfkOev.
daTTacrdfMevoi Be dWr)\ov<; Kal /jLeraarrjcrd/nevoL
rov<; rrapovra^;, 6 re jxev Bie\e')(Pr}aav, ovBeU olBe,
re/c/jLalperaL Be 6 Ad/jbL<; eirl 'Nepoyva ^v/jL/Sfjvai,
€r(f)d<;. rpiMV yap rjjjiepoyv IBia a7rovBdaavre<^,
jiev drrrjet Trepc^aXoov rov WttoWcovlov, Be,
- eppcocro,^^ e(j>r], *' Kal fxe/jLvrjao rov BuvBiKOi;. ri
Be rovro rjv ; errl l^epcova ev 'A%ata aBovra ra
eOvrj ra ecnrepca Xeyerac KLvrjaat BlvBc^, dvrjp olo<^
eKre/jLelv ra<; vevpd^;, a? ^epcov dfiaOco^; e-yjraWe,
7r/309 yap ra arparoireBa, 0I9 eirereraKro, \oyov
Kar avrov BtijXOev, ov eK rrdvv yevvaLa<; (juXo-
ao(f)La(; eVt rvpavvov av ri^ irvevaeiev e</>?; yap
484
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
saw him striding across the stage^ with his mouth all chap.
agape, mounted on buskins extra high, and clad in
the most wonderful garments ; but when he lifted
up his voice and bellowed out loud, most of them
took to their heels, as if they had a demon yelling
at them. Such and so old-fashioned are the-
manners of the barbarians of that country.
X
The governor of Baetica was very anxious to have chap.
a conversation with ApoUonius, and though the , ,
Interview
latter said that his conversation must seem tedious with the
to any but philosophers, the other insisted in his Baetica"it'^
demand. And as he was said to be a worthy person Gadeira
and to detest the mimes of Nero, ApoUonius wrote
to him a letter asking him to come to Gadeira ; and
he, divesting himself of all the pomp of authority,
came with a few of his most intimate friends. They
greeted one another, and no one knows what they
said to one another in an interview from which they
excluded the rest of the company ; but Dami-j
hazards the opinion that they formed a plot together
against Nero. For after three days spent in private
conversations, the governor went away, after em-
bracing ApoUonius, while the latter said : ." Farewell,
and do not forget Vindex." Now what was the
meaning of this ? When Nero was singing in
Achaea, Vindex is said to have stirred up against
him the nations of the West, and he was a man
(juite capable of cutting out the strings which Nero
so ignorantly twanged. For he addressed a speech,
inspired by the loftiest sentiments which a man
can feel against a tyrant, to the troops which he
XI
FLAVIUS PHJLOSTRATUS
CAP. 'Nepcova elvau Trdvra fidWov 77 Kidapwhov koX
/ccOapoiSov fidWov 7) ^aaiXea. 7rpo(f)ep€tv Be avTa>
fjuaviav jxev koI (piXo'X^pyjfiaTiav kol o)/jLOTr)Ta koI
acriXyetav irdaav, to Se (o/jLorarov twv eKeivov /jltj
7rpo(f)€p€cv avTM' rrjv yap firjrepa iv Bikt) direKTO-
vevaL, eTTeihr) tolovtov €T€K€. ravr ovv co? earai
irpoyi'yvdiaKwv 6 'A7roXXwi/to9, ^vverarre tw^lvBikl
ojjbopov dp')(^ovTa, iJLOVOVOV)(l oifka virep Trj<; 'Vo)/jir]<;
Tidefievof;.
XI
CAP, ^XeyfiaivovTCdv he tmv irepl rrjv ecnrepav, rpe-
TTovrai TO ivTevdev eirl AcjSvijv /cat Tvpprjvoix;, Koi
TOb jiev ire^fj ffaBl^ovTe^;, to, he eVt irXoioyv iropevo-
fjuevoL KaTi(7')(ovaiv iv %LKe\ia, ov to AiXv^acov.
7rapa7r\evaavTe<; Se eVl ^leaaijvrjv re fcal iropO/jLov,
evOa 6 Tvppr)vb<; ^ A.hpla ^Vfji^dWct)V 'X^aXeTrrjv
ipyd^ovTat Trjv ^dpv^hiv, aKOvaai <^aaLV, w?
^ep(ov fJLev 7re<f)€vyoL, TeOvrjKot he BtVStf, utttoivto
oe T?79 cLpXV^ ^'^ H'^^ ^b ^y^V^ rco/jLT)^, 01 be oirouev
Tvyoi TMV eOvMV. epofievcov he avTov twv eTalpcov,
ol irpo^TjcroiTo TavTa koI otov Xolttov rj dp')(7]
eaoiTO, " TToXXwz^," elire, *' Srj^aocov.^^ Trjv yap
l(T')(yv, Tj irpo^ oXiyov BtreXto? re Kai TdX^a<; kol
Od(DV expW^^'^^' %r)l3aioL^ e'Uaaev, ot ')(^p6vov
KO/jLihrj ^pa')(yv ij^Orjaav e? to, twv 'WXXtJvcop
TrpdyfiaTa.
486
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
commanded^ and he declared in it that Nero was chap.
anything rather than a harpist^ and a harpist rather ^
than a sovereign. And he taxed him Avith madness
and avarice and cruelty and wantonness of every
kind, though he omitted to tax him with the
cruellest of his crimes ; for he said that he had quite
rightly put to death his mother, because she had
borne such a monster. Apollonius, forecasting how
all this must end, had accordingly brought into
line with Vindex the governor of a neighbouring
province, and so all but took up arms himself in
behalf of Rome.
XI
But as matters in the west were in such an inflamed chap.
XI
condition Apollonius and his friends returned thence
towards Libya and the Tyrrhenian land ; and, partly short reigns
on foot and partly by sea, they made their way to eJb^^^^j^jJd'
Sicily, where they stopped at Lilybaeum. Then otho '
they coasted along to Messina and to the Straits,
where the junction of the Tyn-henian Sea with the
Adriatic gives rise to the dangers of Charybdis. Here
they say they heard that Nero had taken to flight,
though Vindex was dead ; and that various claimants
were snatching at the throne, some from Rome
itself, and others from various countries. Now when
his companions asked him what would be the issue
of thesfe events, and who would get possession, in
the end, of the throne, he answered : " Many Thebans
will have it." For he compared the pretenders,
namely, Vitellius and Galba and Otho, in view of the
short lease of power which they enjoyed, to Thebans,
for it was only during a very short time that they
held dominion over the Hellenic world.
487
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XII
^^^- 'On fiev yap ra rotavra hai[iovia Kivijcrec irpo-
ey i<y v(t)(TKe, koI otl tol<=; yoTjra rov dvSpa rjyov-
/jbivoLf; OL'^ vyiaivei o X0709, SrjXol /nev Kal ra
elprifjieva, aKeylrco/jueda Se KaKelva' 01 7077T6?,
rjyov/jiai 8' avTOV<; iyco KaKoSaifjLOV€(TTdTOV<; av6-
p(i)iTa)v, ol fxev e? /Saadvov^; elScoXcov ')(copovvT€<;, 01
€9 uvaLa<; pappapov<;, ol be e? to eiraaai tl rj
dXet^jrai,, /jLeraTroLelv (paaL ra el/JLapjjieva, Kal
TToWol TOVTOiv KaTr\yopiai<^ v'na')(QkvTe'^ ra
TOiavra ojfioXoyrjaav aocpol elvac. 6 Be etirero
fiev rolf; eK M.oipa)V, TrpovXeye Be, co? dvdyKrj
yeveaOai avrd, TrpoeyiyvwaKe Be ov yorjrevcov,
aXx e^ Mv OL tfeoi ecpaivov. tocov oe irapa TOi<;
IvBol^; T0U9 TpiiToBa^ Kal Toy<; olvo')(^6ov<; Kal ocra
avTOfiara e<j<^oiTdv elirov, ovO^ ottco^ cfoc^i^olvto
avrd, r)peTO, ovt eBerjOif] fiaOelv, aXV eirrjvei pAv,
L,7]X0VV OVK 7]^L0V.
XIII
CAP. ^A<f)LKop.ev(ov Be avrcov 69 Ta9 ZvpaKOvaa^; yvvr]
TMV OVK axpavojv Tepa<; aireKUTjaev, oiov ovirw epai-
evOrj' rpet^ yap tm fBpe^ei Ke^aXal rjaav e^ olKeia<;
eKdarr] Bepr}<;, ra Be eir avTal<^ ez/09 Trdvra. ol
p^ev Bt) 7ra^eft)9 e^r)yovp.evoL ttjv XiKeXlav €(f)aaav,
rpivaKpia ydp, diroXelcjQai, el pur) op^ovoyaeii re
483
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
XII
That he was enabled to make such forecasts by some chap.
divine impulse, and that it is no sound inference to ^^^
infer, as some people do, that our hero was a wizard, n(?wizard^
is clear from what I have already said. But let us con- i>ecause he
sider these facts : wizards, whom for my part I reckon the future
to be the most unfortunate of mankind, claim to alter
the course of destiny, by having recourse either to
the torture of lost spirits or to barbaric sacrifices, or to
certain incantations or anointings ; and many of them
when accused of such practices have admitted that
they were adepts in such practices. But Apollonius
submitted himself to the decrees of the Fates, and
only foretold that things must come to pass ; and his
foreknowledge was gained not by wizardry, but from
what the gods revealed to him. And when among
the Indians he beheld their tripods and their dumb
waiters and other automata, which I described as
entering the room of their own accord, he did not
ask how they were contrived, nor did he ask to be
informed ; he only praised them, but did not aspire
to imitate them.
XIII
Now when they reached Syracuse a woman of a chap
leading family was brought to bed of such a monster ^^^^
as never any woman was delivered of before ; for her iieaded^
child had three heads, and each head had a neck of ^^^l^ ^""i
1.11 .1 .1 • 1 1 1 iJ^ SjTacuse
its own, but below them there was a single body, portends
Of the vulgar and stupid interpretations of this ^oniaii^^
prodigy, one was that it signified the impending ruin Pretenders
489
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. fcal ^vixiTvev(T€L€v — iaraala^ov Be apa iroXXal tcov
TToXecov TTyoo? eauTa9 t€ Koi irpo^ oKXrjXa^ Ka\ to
iv KOGfjbw l^Tjv aiTrjv T779 vrjaov — ol Be e<^aaav tov
Tvcpo), TTo\vKe(^a\ov he elvai, vecorepa aireLXelv rfj
^L/ceXia, 6 Be ^KitoXXcdvlo^, " t^i," €(f)7], " w Adfit,
Kol KariBe avro, el ovrco ^vyKetrat.'^ e^eKeiro yap
BrjfjLoaia toI<; reparoXoyetv elBoaLv, aTrayyeiXavro^
Be TOV Ad/jLLBo<;, &>? TpiKecpaXov ecr] Kal dppev,
^vvayaycov tou<; eTaipov^, ** T/36t9," ec^^j, " 'Vaifxaicov
avTOfcpuTope^iy 01)9 iyco Trpoirjv %rjPaiov<^ ecprjv,
TeXeLcoaei Be ovBe\<i to dp')(eLv, dXX ol /lev eV
avTrj(i ^Pcofirji;, Be irepl to, Ofiopa ttj Pcw/xt; Bwrj-
6evT€<; diroXovvTai, Oclttov cnrolBaXovTe^; to irpoa-
wirelov rj ol tcov TpaywBoyv Tvpavvoi.^^ Kai X0709
avTLKa 69 ^W9 rjXOe' TdXfia^ /lev yap eir avTrj<;
'Pa)fir)(; direOavev d'\lrd/jb€V0<; Trj<; dp')(rj<;, aTreOave Be
Kal BtTeXt09 oveLpoirrrkrjaa^i to dp)(^eiv, "09wv Be
irepl TOL'9 ecrirepiov<; VaXaTa^; aTToOavoov ovBe
Tacpov XafiTTpov eru^ey, aW' odairep IBLcoTTjf;
KCiTar BieTTTrj Be t) tv^tj tuvtu evl €T€1.
XIV
CAP. IlopevOevTe<; Be eirl KaTuvrj^;, ov to opo<; rj
AiTVT], KaTavaucov fxev aKOvaal (fyacTLP rjyov fievayv
XIV
490
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
of Sicily, — for it has three headlands, — unless the chap
inhabitants composed their feuds and could live ^^"
together in peace ; for as a matter of fact several
of the cities were at variance both with them-
selves and with one another^ and such a thing
as orderly life was unknown in the island.
Another explanation was that Typho, a many-
headed monster, was threatening Sicily with his
violence. But Apollonius said : ^' Go^ O Damis,
and look if the child is really made up as they say."
For the thing was exposed to public view for the
miracle-mongers to exercise their ingenuity upon it.
When Damis reported that it was a three-headed
creature and of the male sex, Apollonius got together
his companions and said: "It signifies three emperors
of Rome, whom yesterday I called Thebans ; and not
one of them shall enjoy complete dominion, but two
of them shall perish after holding sway in Rome
itself, and the third after doing so in the countries
bordering upon Rome ; and they shall shuffle off
their masks more quickly than if they were tragic
actors playing the part of tyrant." And the truth
of his statement was almost immediatqily revealed ;
for Galba died in Rome itself, just after he grasped
the crown, and Vitellius died after only dreaming of
the crown, and Otho died in Western Galatia, and
was not even accorded a public funeral, but lies
buried like any private person. And the whole
episode was past and over within a single year.
XIV
Next they came to Catana, where is Mount Etna ; chap.
and they say that they heard from the inhabitants of ^^^
491
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Tov Tv(boj heheadai ekeI koX ttvo eP avrov avia-
XIV A / \ V , V > ,
raaOai, o rv^ei rrjv Altvtjv, avrol B e? inOavw-
T6pov<; a^LKeaOai Xoyov<; koI TTpo(7rjKOVTa<^ toI<;
(f>i\o(TOcf)ovaLv. ap^ai 8' avrcov tov ^AttoWcovlov
mBc epofJbevov tov<; eraupov^;, " eari n fivOoXoyla"
vi) i\t , eiTTev o MevLinro'^, rjv ye oi Trocrjrai
eiraivovcn. tov oe or) Aiacovrov tl rjyi);
fivOoXoyoVy^ elire, "kuI XoyoiroLov irdvTa.^'
iroTepoL Se (rocfiol twv ixvOwvi* ol tmv ttoiyj-
TMvT elTrev, " eTretSr] co? yeyovoTe^ aSovTai,.'^
" 01 Se Brj Alo-coTTOv tl ; " ** ^aTpay^^oL,
€(j)r),
- Kol ovoc Kal \rjpoL ypavalv oIol paaaaOat
Kai 7racoiOL<;. Kai firjv, ecpr], efiOL, o Attoa,-
\a)vio<^, ** iiriTrjBeLOTepoc 7rp6<; aocptav ol tov
AlacoTTOV (^aivovTar ol fxev yap irepl tov^ rjp(jja<;,
oiv TTOirjTiKrj iracra e^erat, koI hia^Oeipovcn T0f9
aKpoa)/jL6vov<i, €7r€cBrj €pcoTd<; t€ aroTrof <? ol TroirjTal
ep/JLTjvevovac Kal dS€\(f)(ov ydfjbov^ Kal Bia^o\a(; e?
deov^; Kal ^pcoaeo^ iraiBwv Kal iravovpyia'^ dvek-
evOepov^ Kal BuKa^;, Kal to &)? yeyovo^; avTcov dyei
Kal TOV ipodVTa Kal tov ^rjXoTVTTOvvTa Kal tov
iirtOvfjiovvTa irXovTelv rj Tvpavveveiv e<^' airep ol
livOoi, AtcrwTTO? Be viro ao(f)La<; irpoiTOv fiev ovk e?
TO KOLVov TO)v TUVTa dBovTcov kavTov KaTeaTtjcrev,
492
I
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
the city a story about Tyj)lio being bound on tlie chap.
spot and about fire rising from him, and this fire '
sends up the smoke ^ of Etna ; but they themselves of AesojT
came to more plausible conclusions and more in keep-
ing with philosophy. And they say that Apollonius
began the discussion by asking his companions :
"Is there such a thing as mythology?" " Yes, by
Zeus," answered Menippus, " and I mean by it
that which furnishes poets with their themes."
" What then do you think of Aesop ? " " He is a
mythologist and writer of fables and no more."
"And which set of myths show any talent?"
"Those of the poets," he answered, "because
they are represented in the poems as having
taken place."
And what then do you think
of the stories of Aesop ? " " Frogs," he answered,
^'^and donkeys and nonsense only fit to be swallowed
by old women and children." "And yet for my
own part," said Apollonius, "I find them more
conducive to wisdom than the others. For those
others, of which all poetry is so fond, and which
deal with heroes, positively destroy the souls of their
hearers, because the poet relates stories of outlandish .
passion and of incestuous marriages, and repeats
calumnies against the gods, of how they ate their own
children, and committed crimes of meanness, and
quarrelled with one another ; and the affectation
and pretence of reality leads passionate and jealous
people and miserlike and ambitious persons to imitate
the stories. Aesop on the other hand had in the first
place the wisdom never to identify himself with
those who put such stories into verse, but took a line
^ There is a pun in the Greek between Typho = Typhon
and typho = to smoke.
493
FLA\aUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. aXX' eavTOv riva 68ov erpuTrero, elra, Mairep ol
T0t9 euTeXecTTe/oot? jSpco/jLaaL fcaXoo^ eaTi(ovT€<;, drro
a/jLLKpdov Trpa^f/jbdrcov hihdaKei fieydXa, koI irpo-
Oe/JL€VO'i TOP Xoyov iirdyei avrw to irpdrre rj /jlt)
Trpdrre, eiTU rod (piXaXvOovf; fjuaXXov rj ol Tronjral
7]^|raT0' ol fiev yap ^td^ovrai iridavov^ (patveadai,
Tou? eavTMV X070U9, 6 8' iirayyeWcov Xoyov, 09
iajL yjrevSr]'^, Tra? olSev on, avrb to /jLT] irepl
dXrjdLVMV ipelv dXt]6ev€L. koI o /xev 7roLrjTr)<i
eliTwv Tov eavTOv Xoyov KaTaXeiirei Ta> vyLaivovTi
aKpoaTfi ^aaavi^eLv avTov, el iyeveTO, 6 Be elncov
jiev yjrevS)] Xoyov, iirayayoov Se vovdeaiav, cocTTrep
6 Aicra)7T0<;, SeuKWcnv &)? e? to '^prjaifiov t?}?
dKpoda€(o<=; tw yfrevSei K€)(^p7]TaL. ')(^api6V h avTOv
TO fcal TO dXoya rjBla) ipyd^eaOac /cat a7rovBrj<;
d^ia T0fc9 dv0p(M)'TTOi<^, €K 7raiSo)v yap T0i9 X6yoc<;
TOVTOL<; ^vyyevofxevoL Kal vir' avTcov €Kvr)7rio)66VT€<;,
Bo^a^ dvaXafjL/3dvo/jL€v irepl e/cdaTou tmv ^mcov,
TO, /JL€V ct)9 jBaatXiKa elr), to, Be oo^; ev)jOrj,
TO, Be ft)9 /co/jL-yjrd, to, Be 009 uKepaia, Kal fiev
7roLr)Trj<i elircov
TToXXal jiiopcl>al Toiyv Bac/j^ovicov^
rj TOLOVTO TL €.17 i")(o pev(j a^ aTrrjXOev, o Be AiacoTro*;
€7ri')(^pr](T/jLa)B^aa(; tov eavTOV \6yov /caTaXveL Tt]v
^vvovauav 69 o TrpovOeTO.
^ Eurip. Akestis, last line.
494
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
of his own ; and in the second, Hke those who can chaF
dine well off the plainest dishes, he made use of ^^^
humble incidents to teach great truths, and after
telling a story he adds to it the advice to do a thing or
not to do it. Then, too, he was really more attached
to truth than the poets are ; for the latter do
violence to their own stories in order to make them
probable ; but he by announcing a story which
everyone knows not to be true, told the truth by the
very fact that he did not claim to be relating real
events. And the poet, after telling his story, leaves
a healthy-minded reader cudgelling his brains to
know whether it really happened ; whereas one who,
like Aesop, tells a story which is false and does not
pretend to be anything else, merely investing it with
a good moral, shows that he has made use of the
falsehood merely for its utility to his audience. And
there is another charm about him, namely, that he
puts animals in a pleasing light and makes them
interesting to mankind. For after being brought up
from childhood with these stories, and after being as
it were nursed by them from babyhood, we acquire
certain opinions of the several animals and think of
some of them As royal animals, of others as silly, of
others as witty, of others as innocent. And whereas
the poet, after telling us that there are ' many
fomis of heavenly visitation ' or something of the
kind, dismisses his chorus and departs, Aesop adds an
oracle to his story, and dismisses his hearers just
as they reach the conclusion he wished to lead
them up to.
495
FLAM us PHILOSTRATUS
XV
CAP, *' 'E/X6 Se, Si MevL7r7r6,Kal jjbvdov irepl t?}? AlacoTrov
aocpiaf; iBiSd^aro rj iJirjTr]p /cofitSfj vtJttlov, 009 etrj
fJiAv TTore TTOLfirjV o Atcrct>7ro9, ve/iot Be 7r/0O9 lepw
- Ep/jLov, (To^ia^ he ep(pr) koI ev')(OiTO avru) virep
TOVTOV, TToWol Be Kol €T€pOi TaVTOV alrOVPT€^
i7TL(^0LT(pev tQ> 'Eip/jifj, 6 fiev ')(^pv(T6v, 6 8* dpyvpov,
6 Se K7)pVK€iOV i\€(f>dvTLVOV, 6 §6 TWZ^ OVTCO TL
Xa/jLTTpwv dvaTTTCOV, 6 6' Al'cra)7ro9 e^oi /jL€v ovtw^,
ft)9 firjBev TCJV TOLOVT(ov e'xeiv, ^euSoLTO Be koX mv
etT^e, jaka/cro^; Be avro) airevBoLy oaov oi^; dfjLe\')(^-
Oelcra iBLBov koI Kijpiop iirl top jBcofJiov ^epoi, oaov
TTjp %et/?a i/jL7rXrjaai, iaTLciv B' avrov teal /j,vpTOL<i
Sero /cal TrapaOel^; av tmv poBcov rj rodv I'cov
KOixvOT] oxLja. Tt yap dec, (o tip/jur], eXeye,
- ' (TTe(f)dvov(; irXeKeiv koI dfieXelv t&v Trpo^drcov; '
ft)9 Be dipiKovTO 69 p7]rr)V rj/juepav ein rrjv rijf;
Gro(f)ia<; Biavofjurjv, 6 fiev 'Ep/jirj^; are \6yt,o^ koI
fcepoMO^;, av fiev, ecprj, (piXoao<piav e'^e, tw
TrXelara BrjirovOev dvaOevTt, " av Be 69 prjropwv
rjOr) '^(opei^ tm Beurepd ttov ')(apiaa/iieva), *' aol Be
dar povo fjuelv ^yd^pa, aol Be elvai jnovaiKq), aol Be
7]p(pov 7roir)Tfj fxeTpov, aol Be. lajji^eLOV.
iirel Be
496
LIFE OF APOLLONILS, BOOK V
XV
" And as for myself^ O Menippus, my mother chap.
taught me a story about the wisdom of Aesop when "
I was a mere child^ and told me that he was once a Aesop and
shepherd, and was tending his flocks hard by a Hermes
temple of Hermes, and that he was a passionate
lover of wisdom and prayed to Hermes that he
might receive it. Many other people, she said, also
resorted to the temple of Hermes asking for the same
gift, and one of them would hang on the altar gold,
another silver, another a herald's wand of ivory,
and others other rich presents of the kind. Now
Aesop, she said, was not in a position to own any of
these things ; but he saved up what he had, and
poured a libation of as much milk as a sheep would
give at one milking in honour of Hermes, and
brought a honeycomb and laid it on the altar, big
enough to fill the hand, and he thought of regaling
the god with myrtle berries, or perhaps by laying
just a few roses or violets at the altar. ^ For,' said
he, ^ would you, O Hermes, have me weave crowns
for you and neglect my sheep ? ' Now when on
the appointed day they arrived for the distribution
of the gifts of wisdom, Hermes as the god of
wisdom and eloquence and also of rewards, said to
him who, as you may well suppose, had made the
biggest offering : ' Here is philosophy for you ' ; and
to him who had made the next handsomest present,
he said : ' Do you take your place among the orators ' ;
and to others he said : ' You shall have the gift of
astronomy or you shall be a musician, or you shall be
an epic poet and write in heroic metre, or you shall
497
VOL, T. K K
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. fcuLTOL XoytoiTarof; mv, Karavcikcoaev d/cwv airavra
XV
TCi Trj<; (fytXocrocpiaf; fjiepr), fcal eXaOev eavrov
eKTrecrcbv rod Alacoirov, ivdv/jLelrac ra? "Clpa^, v(j)'
o)v auTO? ev Kopv(j)at<; rod ^OXv/jlttov irpdcpr], 0)9
iv airap'ydvoif; irore avTW ovtl jjlvOov SteXOovaai
irepl TT]^ /S009, ov hteXe^Or] tw dvOpcoTro) 7) /5oi)?
vTrep 6avTrj<; re Koi r/y? 7%, 6? epcora avrov tcop
Tov 'A7roXXft)i^09 ^OMV KaTecnr)aav, fcal hLScoatv
ivrevdev rrjv /jLvdoXoylav rw Ala-coTro), XoLirrjv ev
(ro(bia<; olko) ovaav, " ^'%f>" eliro^v, *' a irpwra e/xa-
dov. ' al fjuev Sij ttoXXoI /uLop(f>al T7}9 ri^vrji;
ii'OevSe dcf)iK0VT0 rw AlacoTTU), real roiovhe dTri^r]
TO T7](; fjivOoXoyLa<; Trpdyfia.
XVI
Cap. '*"Ia-ft)9S' dvorjrov eTraOov einarpe'^aL yap vfid'i
Btavor]6el<; €<; X6yov<i (f)vaiK(OT€pov<; re koX dXrj-
Oearepovf} o)v ol ttoXXoI irepl ttj^ Actv7]<; ahovcnv,
avTo^ €9 eiratvov /jlvOcov d'n'qvi')(0riv, ov /juyv d^apc<;
f) eK^oXr] TOV Xoyov yeyovnv 6 yap pivdo^, ov
TrapaLTOVfieda, ov tmv AIocottov Xoycov iariv,
dXXd TMv Spa/jbaTLKcoripcov Kal mv ol TrocTjral
OpvXovcTLv' ifcetvoL fiev yap Tvcjico rtva rj £7/^6-
XaSov BeSeaOat (f^aalv viro tm Spec Kal hvaOava-
Tovvra daO/jLaivetv to iritp tovto, iyo) Be yuyavTa^
498
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK \
be a writer of iambics.' Now although he was a most chap
wise and accomplished god lie exhausted, not ^^'
meaning to do so, all the various departments of
wisdom, and then found that he had quite
forgotten Aesop. Thereupon he remembered the
Hours, by whom he himself had been nurtured
on the peaks of Olympus, and bethought him of
how once, when he was still in swaddling clothes,
they had told him a story about the cow, whicli had
a conversation with the man about herself and about
the earth, and so set him aflame after the cows of
Apollo. Accordingly he forthwith bestowed upon
Aesop the art of fable called mvthology, for that was
all that was left in the house of wisdom, and said •
' Do you keep what was the first thing 1 learnt
myself/ Aesop then acquired the various forms of
his art from that source, and the issue was such as
we see in the matter of mythology.
XVI
"Perhaps I have done a foolish thing," went on ch^p
Apollomus, '- for it was my intention to recall you to -^^'i *
more scientific and truer explanations thaii the '"^^ ^y^^'
poetical myths given by the vulgar of Etna ; and I "^ "^'"^
have let myself be drawn into a eulogy of myths
However, the digression has not been without a
charm of its own, for the myth which we repudiate
is not one of Aesop's stories, but belongs to the class
of dramatic stories which fill the mouths of our poets
For they say that a certain Tvpho or Enceladus lies
bound under the mountain, and in his death agony
breathes out this fire that we see. Now I admit that
499
K K 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. jjiev 'ye'yovevai (f)r}fjii, koI iroWa'^ov rrjq yr]<^ ava-
BeiKvvadac Toiavrl aay/Jbara payevrcov TOiv rdcfKov,
ov fjLTjv 69 dycova iXOelv rolfi 6eol<;, aXX v^piaat,
/JL€V Ta/)(a €9 Toi'9 ve(b<^ avToyv koI to, eSrj, ovpavw
8e €7rt7rr]Sr]aac /cat fir) ^vy)(^copelv Tot9 ^€0^9 eV
avTov elvat, fiavia jxev Xiyeiv, jxavia he oleaOai.
KoX [xrjhe eKelvo^ 6 Xoyo^ Kairoi Bofccov ev(f)r]/jLOT6po<;
elvat TLfido-Qto, 609 'YicjiaicrTw jxekei tov -^oXKeijeiv
ev rfi AiTvrj, koI KTVirelTaL Tt9 evravda vir avrov
aKfjLcov, TToWd yap Kal dWa oprj ird}Cka')(ov rr)^
77)9 e/jLTTVpa Kal ovk dv (^Odvoipbev e7rt(f)T]/jLL^ovTe(;
avTOi<; yiyavra^ Kal 'Yi^aiaTOV^;.
XVII
CAP. " Tt9 ovv rj TOdv roLMvhe opMV airua ; yrj Kpaauv
da(f)d\Tov Kal Oeiov Trape'^ofievrj TV(f>€Tac fiev Kal
Trap* eavrrj<i ^vaei, irvp K ovtto) eKSlScoaLv, el 8e
ar] payyco8r)<; rv^oo Kal virohpa^ot avrrjv Trvev/xa,
(ppvKTov tjBt] atpet. TrXeoveKTijaaaa Be rj <f>X6^,
Mawep TO vBcop, diroppel rwv opwv Kal €9 Ta irehia
eK'^ecTac, %<i>/)et re enl OdXarrav irvp dOpoov
iK/3o\d<; TTOiov/jievov, olai tmv Trora/JUMV elai. ^w^09
3' Rvae/Scjv, irepl ov<; to irvp eppvr), XeyeaOco fieu
KavTauOd Tt9, yjyco/JLeOa Be TO69 ocna TrpaTTOvai
500
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
giants have existed^ and that gigantic bodies are chap.
revealed all over^ earth when tombs are broken ^^^
open ; nevertheless I deny that they ever came into
conflict with the gods ; at the most they violated
their temples and statues, and to suppose that they
scaled the heaven and chased away the gods there-
from, — this it is madness to relate and madness to
believe. Nor can I any more respect that other
story, though it is more reverent in its tone, to the
effect that Hephaestus attends to his forge in Etna,
and that there is there an anvil on which he
smites with his hammer ; for there are many other
mountains all over the earth that are on fire, and
yet we should never be so rash as to assign to them
giants and gods like Hephaestus.
XVII
" What then is the explanation of such mountains.'* chap.
It is this : the earth by affording a mixture of ^^^^
asphalt and pitch, begins to smoke of its own nature, S^voSiiw"
but it does not yet belch out fire ; if however it be
cavernous and hollow and there be a spirit or force
circulating underneath it, it at once sends up into
the air as it were a torch ; this flame gathers force,
and gets hold of all around, and then like water it
streams off the mountains and flows out into the
plains, and the mass of fire reaches the sea, forming
mouths, out of which it issues, like the mouths of
rivers. And as for the place of the Pious Ones,
around whom the fire flowed, we will allow that such
exists even here ; but at the same time let us not
forget that the whole earth affords secure ground
501
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. yrjv iiev iraaav aa^aXrj yciypov elvat, OdXarrav 8'
XVII V * ■\ f I »-v-v^ \«
eviropov ov irXeovcn jxovov, aWa kul vetv rreipw-
/jL6Voc<;.^^ del <ydp tov<; \6yov<; dveiravev 69 tcl ')(^p7]aTa
TMV irapayyeXp.dTMV.
XVIIl
CAP, *E//-<5f>tXocro(^7^Va9 Se rfj %i,K€\[a y^povov, 09 aTro-
'^payaav avro) cnrovbr^v €i')(€v, ein rrjv tiWaCa
€Ko/iii^6TO irepl dpKTOvpov eiriToXd^. aXvirov he
Tov 7r\ov yevofxevov KaTa(7')((bv i<; AevKdSa, ** aTro-
l3o)fjL€V,^^ €(f)7], *' Tr}9 veui^ TavT7)(;, ov yap Xmov
avrfj €9 Kyaiav irKevaair irpoakyovTO^ Se ovhe-
z/09 Tft) Xoycp TrXrjv tmv yiyvwdKovTCdv tov dvBpa,
avrb<; fxev iirl AevKaSiaf; z^e&)9 o/jlov tol<; ^ovXo-
fjiivoLf; ^vfMTrXelv €9 Ae^atoi^ KaTeaj(ev, rj Se vav<^
7) XvpaKovata KareBv iairXeovaa tov J^piaalov
koXttov.
XIX
CAP. Mu7?^€t9 3' ^AOrjvr^cTiv, ijjbvei S' avTov lepocpdv-
T)79, ov avTo<; toj irpOTepo) eireixavTevaaTO, eveTV')(e
KOI A7)fi7]TpLa) Tft) (f)LXoao(f)q), /jueTa yap to Nepwvo^;
/3aXav€lov Kal a eir avTot elTre, BtrjTaTo KSi^vriaiv
6 Ar] /ji7]Tp io<; ovTO) y€vvaL(o<;, od<; firjBe tov xP^^^^>
ov ^epcov irepl TOU9 dy(ova<; v^pt^ev, i^eXOelv t/)9
'EXXa8o9. 6K€lvo<; Kal IS/LovacovLO) €<f>a(rKev ivTeTv-
')(7]Kevai irepl tov ^laOfiov BeSefievo) re kuI KeKe-
502
1
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
for the doers of holiness, and that the sea is safely chap.
traversed not only by people in ships but even ^^^^
by people attempting to swim." For in this way
he continually ended up his discourses with useful
and pious exhortations.
XVIII
He stayed in Sicily and taught philosophy there chap.
as long as he had sufficient interest in doing so^ and ^
then repaired to Greece about the rising of Arcturus. meiit^o" ^
After a pleasant sail he arrived at Leucas, w^here he shipwreck
said : " Let us get out of this ship, for it is better
not to continue in it our voyage to Achaea." No
one took any notice of the utterance except those
who knew the sage well, but he himself together
with those who desired to make the voyage with
him embarked on a Leucadian ship, and reached the
port of Lechaeum ; meanw hile the Syracusan ship
sank as it entered the Crisaean Gulf.
XIX
At Athens he was initiated and by the same chap.
"V'TV'
hierophant of whom he had delivered a prophecy to
his predecessor ; here he met Demetrius the philo-
sopher, for after the episode of Nero's bath and of his
speech about it, Demetrius continued to live at
Athens, with such noble courage that he did not
quit Greece even during the period when Nero was
outraging Greece over the games. Demetrius said
that he had fallen in with Musonius at the Isthmus,
FLA VI us PHILOSTRATUS
CAP^ Xevafjievw opvTreiv, /cal avTo<; fiev i7r€V(j)r] /juy] orat
ra elfcora, rov 8e e')(^ea6ai r^? crfjLtvv7]<; kol ippay-
fji€vci)(; rfj <yfj i/jL^dWeiv, avaKvyjf^avra Se, " Xvtto)
<T6, cfidvai, " d) Ar]/jb7]TpL€, TOP laOflOV 6pVTT(OV Tjj
EXA-aSi ; el Se kol KiOapcphovvrd fie eZ^e?, wajrep
iepcova, T6 av eiraue^ ; kul eaauo) ra movacoviov
TrXeio) bvra koI Oav/jiao-ocorepa, ft)9 /jltj Bokoltjv
Opao-vveaOai 7r/3o? tov dfieX-M^; avrd elirovTa.
XX
CAP. X.€L/jidora^ S' A7roX\(i)vio<; ev rol^ EXX77z^t/tot9
iepOL<; TTacnv el^ero tt)? ctt AIjiitttov oSov irepX
eap, TToWd fiev €7n7r\i]^a<;, iroWa Be avfi^ov-
\evaa<^ rat? TvoXecn, ttoWcov Be e? eiraivov Kara-
(TTd(;, ov8e yap eTraivov aTret^ero, oirore tl vyuo^
TrpdaaoiTO, /cara/Safi Be 69 HeipaLa vav<; fxev tl<;
a)p/jL€L TTpo^ iaTiOL<; ovaa /cal 69 Icoviav d^rjcrovaa,
6 3' €fl7ropO<^ OV ^VV€')((Dp€L ifJL^aLVeLV, l8l6(TT0\0V
yap avTr]v dyeiv. epop^evov Be rov ^AttoWcovlov,
Tt9 90/OT09; uecov, ecpT], ayaXp^ara airayw
6*9 Icoviav, TCL p,ev ^puaov kol XlOov, rd Be e\e-
(f)avTO(; /cal ')(^pvaov.^^ " iBpva6p,evo<; rj t/;" **a7ro-
BfD(7Gp,evo<^" ecjyr), *' T0t9 l3ov\op.evoL<; iBpvccrOai. '
- ' BeBia^i ovv, 0) Xwcrre, /xr^ avXi'jacopev ra dyd\-
p^ara ev ttj vtjl; *' ov tovto, ecp^], oeota, to
504
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
where he was fettered and under orders to dig ; he chap.
consoled him as best he could with better hopes for
the future, but Musonius took his spade and stoutly
dug it into the earth, and then looking up, said : " You
are distressed, Demetrius, to see me digging through
the Isthmus for Greece ; but if you saw me playing
the harp like Nero, what would you feel then ? " But
I must pass over the fortunes of Musonius, though
they were many and remarkable, else I shall seem
impertinent like one who has carelessly repeated
them.
XX
Apollonius spent the winter in various Hellenic chap.
temples, and towards spring he embarked on the ^^
road for Egypt, after administering many rebukes ^^^ export
indeed, yet giving much good counsel to the cities, of gods
many of which won his approval, for he never refused
praise when anything was done in a right and
sensible way. When he descended to the Piraeus,
he found a ship riding there with its sails set, just
about to start for Ionia ; but the owner would not
allow him to embark, for he wished to go on a private
cruise. Apollonius asked him what his freight con-
sisted of. " Of gods," he replied, " whose images I
am exporting to Ionia, some made of gold and stone,
and others of ivory and gold." " And are you going to
dedicate them or what ?" "I am going to sell them,"
he replied, "to those who desire to dedicate them."
" Then you are afraid, my most excellent man, lest we
should steal your images on board ship V ^' I am
not afraid of that," he answered, " but I do not think
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Se TrXelocn ^vfiTrXelv avra fcal 6/jiiXia<; avaTri/jb-
TrXaaOac ^avXov SLaiT7)<; re, oiroarj vavTLKrj,
Seivov rjyov/jiai
" Koi firjv, o) ySeXTtcTTe/' eiTre,
" 86f€€i<; yap /jlol ri<; ^ AOr)valo<; eivai, ra? i^aO?,
al9 iirl TOv<; ^ap^dpov<; ixprjcraaOe, Katroi
vavTiK7]<^ aTa^ia<i i/jLTreTrXrjafievaf;, ive^atvov ol
Oeol ^vv vfjblv KoL ovK wovto v<j)' vjJLOiv 'X^paive-
aOai, av Se a/jLaOo)<; ovro)<; aTTcoOfj tt}? veco^;
<l)t\oa6(f)OV<; avhpa^, ol<; jxaXiaTa ol Oeol ')(aLpovcn,
KoX ravra ip.iropiav rov<; 6eov<^ TreTTOLTjfievof;;
7) Be ayaX/jbaroTTOua r) apyala ov tovto
eTTparrev, ovSe irepirjeaav ra? iroXei^ airohtho-
fjbevoi TOL'9 Oeoix}, aXX' a7rdyovTe<; fJLovov Ta<;
avTcov ')(elpa<^ /cal opyava XiOovpya Koi eXe^av-
rovpyd, vXrjv re TrapaTtOepLevoi dpyov, ev avrolf;
TOt? lepol<; ra? Srj/bLLOvpyLa^; eiroiovvTO, av 3 (oairep
rd 'Tp/cavi/cd re /cal '^KvOiKd, direir] he elirelv
Tiva, ovTco Tou? Oeov<; e? tou? Xcfxevaf; re Kal rdf;
dyopd<^ dywv ovSev oXei ao"e/369 irpdrreiv; Kau /jlijv
Kal cnrepfioXoyoixTLV evioi tmv dvOpadircov, e^ayjrd-
fievoi Ti A'q/jbr]Tpo<; rj Aiovvcrov dyaX/ia, Kal
rpec^eaOai (paaiv viro tmv decov 01)9 <^epovcn, to
5' avTov<; aiTeladat 701)9 Oeov^i Kal /jltjS ejnTTi-
TrXacrOai tovtov, Seivrjf; ifjLTropua^, ecTTOifjii S dv
Kal dvoia^;, el /jurjBev eK tovtov SeBoiKa^. ' TOiavTa
eimrXrj^a^^ eirl ve(o<; eTepa^ eirXei,
506
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
it proper that they should have to share the v oyage chap.
with so many people and be defiled by such bad ^^
company as you get on board ship." '■' And may I
remind you^ most worthy man/' answered Apollonius,
'^'^for».you appear to me to be an Athenian^ that on
the ships which your countrynen employed against
the barbarians, although they were full of a disorderly
naval crowd, the gods embarked along with them,
yet had no suspicion of being polluted thereby ;
you however in your gross ignorance drive men who
are lovers of wisdom out of your ship, in whose com-
pany as in that of none others the gods delight, and
this although you are trafficking in the gods? But
the image-makers of old behaved not in this way,
nor did they go round the cities selling their gods.
All they did was to export their own hands and their
tools for working stone and ivory ; and they provided
the raw materials and plied their handicraft in the
temples themselves ; but you are leading the gods
into harbours and market places just as if they
were wares ^ of the Hyrcanians and of the Scythians
— far be it from me to name these— and do you
think you are doing no impiety } It is true that
there are babbling buffoons who hang upon their
persons images of Demeter or Dionysus, and pretend
that they are nurtured by the gods they carry ; but
as for feeding on the gods themselves as you do,
without ever being surfeited on this diet, that is a
horrible commerce and one, I should say, savouring of
unmanliness, even if you have no misgivings of your
own about the consequences." Having administered
this rebuke he took his passage on another ship.
^ Probably temple slaves or prostitutes.
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XXI
^^^- KaTa7rX€vaa<; Be e? rrjv Xtoi^, /cal firjBe rbv woBa
€9 T^z^ yrjv ip€L(Ta<; jJijeTeirr^Briaev e? rr^v vavv rrjv
7r\r](TL0v — eKTjpvTTe B' rj vav<; 69 VoBov — /cal ol
eralpot, Be /jb€T€7r^Bo)v ovBev el7r6vTe<^, ifpiXoaocpelro
yap avrol<i /jbaXc(TTa to eireaOai Xeyovrl re Kal
TTpcLTTOVTi. ev(j)6p(p Be irepaicoOelf; Trvevfiari rdBe
icnrovBaaev ev rfj 'VoBay Trpoaiovra avrov tcS tov
KoXoaaov ayaX/jLaTi rfpero 6 AayLti9, 'TL rjyolTO
ifceivov fiel^ov; 6 Be elirev' " dvBpa (j)iXoaocj)ovvTa
vyLw<; T€ Kal a8oXa)9." eVe^w/otafe Tore r^ 'Po^w
Kai/09 av\7]r^<;, 09 dpcara Brj dvOpcoircov iBoKet
avXetv. Ka\e(Ta<; ovv avrov, " rt," e^^], *' avXrjrrj^;
epyd^erat ; " " Trai^," elirev, " oirep av 6 dfcpoarrjf;
PovKrjTair "Kal jjltjv ttoWol," e^rj, " twv uKpoco-
fxevayv ifkovrelv ^ovXovTac /jloXXov rj avXov aKov-
eiv 7r\ovatov<; ovv d'Tro(f)aivei<^, 01)9 dv eiriOv-
fiovvra^ TOVTOV ataOr) ; " " ovBafj.(t)(;, elirev, " co<;
e^ov\6fir)v dv." " tl B' ; evecBei^ epyd^y tou9 V€0v<;
Tcov dKpoarwv; eirecBr} KaXol /SovXovTat BokcIv
7rdvTe<;, irepl 0L/9 veoTijs earuv.' " ovBe rovro,
e^r], " KalroL TrXeldTOV d<^poBirri<^ ^X^^ ^^ '^^
avXo)." " Tt ovv eartv," eiirev, " b tov dKpoarrjv
r)yfj ^ovXeaOatr '* tl Be dXXo ye,^ y B Kdvo<;,
508
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
XXI
And when he had sailed as far as Chios, without chap.
even setting foot on the shore, he leapt across into
another ship hard by, which was advertised to go to Rhodes!
Rhodes ; and without a word his companions jumped Discussion
after him, for it was an essential part of their playing
philosophic discipline to imitate his every word and
action. With a favourable wind he made the
passage and held the following conversation in
Rhodes. As he approached the image of the
Colossus, Damis asked him, if he thought anything
could be greater than that ; and he replied : " Yes,
a man who loves wisdom in a sound and innocent
spirit." At that time Canus was living in Rhodes,
who was esteemed to be the best of all flute-players
of his age. He therefore called him and said :
" What is the business of a flute-player ? " "To
do," replied the other, "everything which his
audience wants him to." "Well, but many,"
replied ApoUonius, " in the audience want to be
rich rather than to hear a flute played ; I gather
then that when you find them desiring this, namely
to be rich, you turn them into rich men." " Not at
all," replied the other, "though I would like to do
so." " Well, then, perhaps you make the young
people in your audience good-looking ? For all who
are still enjoying youth v/ish to be handsome."
"Nor that either," replied the other, "although
I can play many an air of Aphrodite on my
instrument." "What then is it," said ApoUonius,
"which you think your audience want.
" "Why,
what else," replied Canus, "except that the mourner
509
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. " tj Tov \v7rovfji€vop jxev KOL/j,i^€aOaL auTc3 T/)^'
\v7r7}v VTTO TOV avXov, TOV he ')(aipovja iXapojTepov
eavTOv ^i^veaOai, tov he epoiVTa OepfxoTepov, tov
he (ptXoOvTTjv ivdecoTepov re /cat v/jLvayhrj;^^ " tovto
ow," ecpT], " 0) JLdve, iroTepov avTO<; epyd^eTUi 6
av\6<; hcd to ^(^pvaov re koI opei^aXKov koI
e\d(j)cov KvqpbT]^ ^vyfcelaOai, ol he koI ovcov, t) eWepov
e(7TLV, o TavTU ovvaTat; eTepov, ecpr), **a) AttoX-
\o)VL€' 7] yap /jLOvaLKT) Kai OL TpoTToi KUL TO dva/M^
fcal TO evficTa^oXov t/}? avXrjcreco'^ real tcl
TMV dpfjiOVLMV y^Orf, TavTa tou? dfcpoo)/jLevov<; dp-
/jbOTTec Koi ra? '\/ri;^a9 epyd^eTUi (j^coz^, oTrola'i
/SovXovTat" " ^vvrJKaJ' ecf^r], '* w Kai^e, 6 tl aoi
Tj Te)(y7j irpdTTer to yap ttolklXov avTrjf; Kal to
69 rrdvTa'^ TpoTTOV^, tovto e^a<TKel<^ Te Kal Trape'^ei';
T0t9 irapa ere ^ocTcoatv. e/iol he 7r/?09 toi<; vtto aov
elpr^fjievoL^ Kal eTepcov hoKei o auXo9 helaOar Trj<i
Te ev7rvoLa<; Kal Trj<^ evaTO/j,ia<; Kal tov ev')(eipa
elvai TOV avXovvTa, eaTi he evirvota pAv, rjv Topov
Kal XevKov fj to irvevp.a Kal p.r) eTrcKTVTrfj rj
<^dpvy^, tovtI yap eocKe (f)66yy(p dp^ovao), evoTo/jLia
he, rjv Ta %6tX77 evOefieva Tr)v tov avXov yXwTTav
jXT} TTcp^irpajjievov tov irpoacoirov avXfj, tov he ev-
^6i/oa avX'i]Tr)v iroXXov rjyovfiaL d^tov, rjv fjLr]Te 6
Kapiro^ dirayopevrj dvaKXcopbevo^; jJbrjTe ol haKTvXoi
Ppahel<^ Mo-LV eimreTeaOai tol^ <f)66yyoc<;, Kal yap
TO Tay^eois p^eTa/SdXXecv eK Tpoirov 69 Tpoirov irepl
TQv<^ 6u^6t/?tt9 ecTTi p^uXXov. el hrj TavTa irdvTa
510
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
may have bis sorrow lulled to sleep by tbe flute^ and chap.
that tbey tbat rejoiee may bave their cheerfulness ^^*
enhanced^ and the lover may wax warmer in his
passion, and that the lover of sacrifice may become
more inspired and full of sacred song ? " '^ This
then/' he said, ^^ O Canus, would you allow to be
the effect of the flute itself, because it is constructed
of gold or brass and of the shin of a stag, or perhaps
of the shin of a donkey, or is it something else
which has these effects ? " " It is something else,"
he replied, " O Apollonius ; for the music and the
airs and the blending of strains and the easy
variations of the flute and the characters of the
harmonies, it is all this that composes the souls of
listeners and brings them to such a state of content-
ment as they want." " I understand," he replied,
" O Canus, what it is that your art performs ; for
you cultivate and exhibit to those who come to hear
you the changefulness of your music and the variety
of its modes. But as for myself, I think that your
flute wants other resources in addition to those vou
have mentioned, namely plenty of breath, and a
right use of the lips, and manual skill on the part
of the player ; and facility of breath consists in
its being clear and distinct, unmarred by any
husky click in the throat, for that would rob the
sound of its musical character. And facility with
the lips consists in their taking in the reed of the
flute and playing without blowing out the cheeks ;
and manual skill I consider very important, for the
wrist must not weary from being bent, nor must the
fingers be slow in fluttering over the notes, and
manual skill is especially shown in the swift
transition from mode to mode. If then you have
511
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. 7rape')(€L<i, Oappoyv avXec, Si Kdve, jMra aov yap y
hivrepTrrj earai.
XXII
CAP. 'ETU7^a^'e TL fcal /jLetpaKiov veoirXovrov re kol
airalhevTOV olfcoSo/jLOVfxevov oIkluv tlvcl iv rfj'VoBo),
KoX ^v/icpepov €9 avTTjv ypacpd^; re iroiKika^ koI
\i6ov^ i^ airdpTcov iOvoiv. r^pero ovv avro, oirocra
')(^p7]/jLaTa €i7] e? BtSao-KoXov^ re koI TratSeiav
dvr)\o)fc6<;' 6 Be, " ovSe Spaxf^V^T elirev. " 69 Be
Tr)V OLKLav TToaa ; ' " BcoBe/ca, €(f)7), " rdXavra,
TrpoaavaXcoaaifii 8' av fcal erepa roaavra. ' ** tl
o , euTTev, rj oiKia povxerai croc ; oiaira,
e<f)7], " Xa/Jbirpd earai tcS aco/jbari, koI yap Bpofioi
iv avTTJ Kal aXarj Kal oXiya i<; dyopdv jBahiovfiaL,
Kal TTpoaepovai /xe ol iaiovre^; r^Btov, wcjirep 69
lepov (potT(ovTe<;. ^TjXcoTorepoc oe, eiirev, ol
dvOpcDTTOL iTorepov Bi avTOv<; eiaiv rj Bca ra Tvepl
avTOV<; ovra ; oca rev itXovtov, eiTre, ra yap
'^p7]/jLaTa TrXeccTTOV layyei.^^ *' y^prip^djcov 8'," ec^r],
" ft) fieipd/CLOv, dfieivcov (pvXa^ irorepov 6 Treirac-
Bevjxevo^i earao rj 6 diraiBevTO^ ; " eVet Be e(Tico7r7]ae,
- Bo/cec<^ yLtoi," eljre, " fxeipdKLOv, o.v av rrjv ol/ctav,
dXXa ae 97 olfcla fce/crrjcrOaL. 6700 Be eV lepov
TTapeXOciov ttoXXm av tjBlov iv avro) puKpoi ovtl
ayaXfjia iXi(f)avT6<; re fcal y^pvaov lBoi/jli r) iv
/jLeydXfp fcepa/jteovv t€ kuI (f)avXov. '
512
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
all these facilities, you may play with confidence, chaf.
O Canus, for the Muse Euterpe will be with ^^^
you."
XXII
It happened also that a young man was building chap.
a house in Rhodes who was a nonveau riche without ^ ^
any education, and he collected in his house rare ricii upstart
pictures and gems from different countries.
Apollonius then asked him how much money he had
spent upon teachers and on education. " Not a
farthing," he replied. " And how much upon your
house?" "Twelve talents," he replied, "and I
mean to spend as much again upon it." "And
what," said the other, "is the good of your house to
you ? " " Why, as a residence, it is splendidly
suited to my bodily needs, for there are colonnades
in it and groves, and I shall seldom need to walk
out into the market place, but people will come
in and talk to me with all the more pleasure, just
as if they were visiting a temple." "And," said
Apollonius, " are men to be valued more for them-
selves or for their belongings }" " For their wealth,"
said the other, "for wealth has the most influence."
"And," said Apollonius, " my good youth, which is
the best able to keep his money, an educated person
or an uneducated?" And as the other made no
answer, he added : " My good boy, it seems to
me that it is not you that own the house, but the
house that owns you. As for myself I would far
rather enter a temple, no matter how small, and
behold in it a statue of ivory and gold, than behold
one of pottery and bad workmanship in a vastly
larger one."
513
VOL. I. L I.
FLAVILIS PHILOSTRATU^
XXIII
CAP. l^eavlav Se IScov rriova koL (hpovovvra eirl ro)
XXIII ^ V , / , ^ ^ *
itXelaTa fiev avOpooTrcov iaOUtv, TrXelarov Se olvov
TTLveiv, '* ahX 7] GvT e^Vf " rvy^^dvei^ oiv 6
ya<TTpLl^6fjLevo<i ; " '* koL Ovo) 76," elirev, " virep
rovTOV. " Tt ouj^," 6^7), " aTToXiXavKa^ rrj<; ^opd<;
ravTT]^ ; " " to Oavfjud^eadai fxe /cat dTTOpXeire-
aOar koI 'yap tov ^Upa/cXia laco^; aKOvet^, co? koI
ra cFLTia avTOv 7rapa7r\r}crL(o<i to2<; aO\oc<; yhejoT
'
Hpa/cXiovf;,*^ ecpr], 6vto<;' gov he Tt9, &>
fcd6apfjLa, dpeTTj ; to yap irepi^eirTOv iv /jlovo)
XeiTrerai (tol tc5 payrjvai.^^
XXIV
CAP. ^oidhe fiev avTM ra iv ttj PoSw, ra Se iv rfj
^ AXe^avhpeia, iireihr} iaiirXevaev rj ^AXe^dvhpeia
Kal diTovTO^; p.ev avrov r)pa, /cal iiroOovv tov
^AttoXXcovwv, &)9 el<; eva, /cal rj Aiyv7rT0<; Be rj dvco
fiecTTol OeoXo<yia<; 6vt€<; /cal ^OLTrjaai avTov e? to,
■)]6t] to, avTcbv TjV'^ovTO, OLTe yap TTOXXCJV d(pi/cvov-
/jbivcov fiev ivOevSe 69 AcyvTrTOV, ttoXXcov Be iTTc/jLty-
vvvTcov Sevpo ef AlyvTTTOv, fjBeTO re irap^ avTOL<;
- A7roXXa)VLO<i, /cal tcl wra €9 avTOv Alyv7rTiOC<;
6p6d r)V' irpolovTa ye tol diro t?}9 i^ea)9 eV to aaTV
6e(p laa dire/SXeTrov Kal Bie')(^copovv tcov aTevcoTrcov,
514
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
XXIII
And meeting a young man who was young and fat chap.
and who prided himself upon eating more than ^^^
anybody else^ and on drinking more wine than others, glutton^ *
he remarked : " Then you, it seems, are the
glutton." " Yes, and I sacrifice to the gods out of
gratitude for the same." " And what pleasure," said
Apollonius, "do you get by gorging yourself in
this way ? " " Why, everyone admires me and stares
at me ; for you have probably heard of Hercules,
how people took as much pains to celebrate what he
ate as what labours he performed." " Yes, for he
was Hercules," said Apollonius ; "but as for yourself,
you scum, wltat good points are there about you ?
There is nothing left for you but to burst, if you
want to be stared at."
XXIV
Such were his experiences in Rhodes, and others chap.
ensued in Alexandria, so soon as his voyage ended / ^
there. Even before he arrived Alexandria was in re^ptiou in
love with him, and its inhabitants longed to see Alexandria
Apollonius as one friend longs for another ; and
as the people of Upper Egypt are intensely religious
they too prayed him to visit their several societies. For
owing to the fact that so many come hither and mix
with us from Egypt, while an equal number pass
hence to visit Egypt, Apollonius was already cele-
brated among them and the ears of the Egyptians
were literally pricked up to hear him. It is no
exaggeration to say that, as he advanced from the
L L 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP Mairep to?? ^epovai ra tepd. rrapaTre/jLTrofMevov
Se avTOv fjbdWov i) oi tmv edvoyv rjye/jLove^;, civSpe'^
rjyovTO TTjv iirl Oavdro) BooBeKa Xyaral rr}v alnav,
6 Be e? avTOv<^ IBoov, " ov Traz^re?," eiirev, " 6 Belva
yap KaTa'>\r€va6el<; aTretcrt." koL 7rpo<; rov;
B7)/jLiov<;, v^^ Mv rjyovTO, *' vcpeLvat,^^ €(f)7j, " KeXevo)
Tov Bpo/uLOv Kol (T')(p\aLOTepov TjKetv inl to opvy/ia,
vararov re diroKTelvat tovtov, ixeTe')(eL yap ovBev
T^9 atTtacreft)9, aK)C u/xe?? ye oai av TrpdrTOcre
(pecBo/jievoL tovtcov jSpa^v /jiipo<; r)/jiepa<;, ov<; Xwov
i]v /jL7]B aTTOKTeiveLv
Kol dfia ivBterpc^ev oh
eXeyev, ovk elcoOb^ eavrcp diroTelvcov /jltjko^. tl 5'
avTM ivoec tovto, avru/ca eBei')(67)' o/crcb yap r^Brj
d7roTeTfjir}fjLev(ov ra? Ke^dXd^ liTTrev^ eXavvcov eirl
TO opvyfia, " ^api(ovo<;,^^ 6/3oa, " (peiaacrOe" /xr]
yap eivai XjjcTTrjv avTov, d'KhS eavTOv fiev KaTeyjrev-
(rOat Beet tov o-Tpe/SXcoaeaOat, ^acraviaOevTOdv Be
eTepcov ')(pr)aT6v difioXoyrjaOai avBpa. eco to
TTrjBrjfjia tt}? AlyvnTov /cal 6a ov eirl tovto) iKpoTT)-
aav Kal dWco^ OavfiaaTO/col ovTe^.
XXV
CAP. AveXOovTt Be avTO) e? to lepov 6 fiev Koa/xo^^ 6
Trepl avTO fcal o e<p efcdaTO) X0709 Oelo^; t€ e(f)aL-
5'6
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
ship into the city, they gazed upon him as if he was chap.
a god, and made way for him in the allies, as they ^ ^
would for priests carrying the sacraments. As he
was being thus escorted with more pomp than if he Predicts the
had been a governor of the country, he met twelve a^Sindu^"^
men who were being led to execution on the charge
of being bandits ; he looked at them and said : " They
are not all guilty, for this one," and he gave his
name, " has been falsely accused or he would not be
going with you." And to the executioners by whom
they were being led, he said :
I order you to relax
your pace and bring them to the ditch a little more
leisurely, and to put this one to death last of all, for
he is guiltless of the charge ; but you would anyhow
act with more piety, if you spared them for a brief
portion of the day, since it were better not to slay
them at all." And withal he dwelt upon this theme
at what was for him unusual length. And the reason
for his doing so was immediately shown ; for when
eight of them had had their heads cut off, a man on
horseback rode up to the ditch, and shouted : " Spare
Pharion ; for," he added, "he is no robber, but
he gave false evidence against himself from fear of
being racked, and others of them in their examina-
tion under torture have acknowledged that he is
guiltless." I need not describe the exultation of
Egypt, nor how the people, who were anyhow ready
to admire him, applauded him for this action.
XXV
And when he had gone up into the temple, he was chap.
struck by the orderliness of its arrangements, and "
5^7
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. v€TO Koi Kara aocpuav ^vvreOei^i, to Se tC)v ravpcov
alfjba fcal ol ')(^r]V€<; koX oTrocra iOvero, ovk iir^vei,
ra TOodSe, ovSe e? BatTa<; 6ewv rjyev epo/xevov 8'
avTov Tov Upeco^i, rt /xaOwv ol'% ovto) 6 vol, *' av
fjbev ovv,^^ elireVy " aTTo/cptvau /jlol fidWov, n fiaOoov
ovrco Ov€t<; ; " elirovrof; he tov i€p€co<;, ** Kal rt?
ovTco S€Lvo<;, ct)9 htopdovcrOai ra AlyviTTLcop ; "
7ra9, ecpT], ao(po<;, ijv air ivocov rjfcy. fcat povv,
€(j)r), " aTTavOpaKtcii Tijfiepov Kal Kotvcovei tov
KaiTvov r)iMV, ov 'yap a')(6eari irepl Trj<; /juotpa^, el
KCLKeivrjv ol Oeol haiaovTat.^^ TrjKOfjievov he tov
irXaap.aTO'^, opa, ecprj, t<x lepa. irota ;
eiirev o AiyviTTto*;, opco yap ovoev evtfaoe. o oe
^AttoWcovlo^, ** ol he ^lafiuhac, eiire,
/cal oi
TeWcdhat Kal ol K.\vTLdhat Kal to tmv MeXa/A-
irohuhoiv jiavTelov eXr^pr^crav, o) Xwcrre, ToaavTa
fjLev irepl iTvpos elTrovTe^, ToaavTa^ he dm avTOv
^vWe^d/ievot (^rjiJLa<i ; rj to fiev diro t^9 TrevKT]^
TTvp Kal TO diTG T?}? Kehpov jiavTiKov rjyf} Kai
iKavov hrfKwaai to, to 8' diro tov ircoTaTOV t€ Kai
KaOapcoTdTov haKpvov Kaofievov ov ttoXXo) aipeToo-
Tepov ; el h' ifiTrvpov ao^ua^; rjaOa ev^vveTO<;,
elhe<i dv Kal ev roS tov tjXiOV kvkXm iroXXa
hrfKovfJbeva, ottotc dvia^eL.
518
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
thought the reason given for everything thoroughly chap.
religious and wisely framed. But as for the blood of ^^^
bulls and the sacrifices of geese and other animals, he biood^"^"*'
disapproved of them nor would he consider that they offeiings
constituted repasts of the gods. And when a priest
asked him what induced him not to sacrifice like
the rest : " Nay, you," he replied, " should rather
answer me what induces you to sacrifice in this way,"
The priest replied : " And who is so clever that he
can make corrections in the affairs of the Egyptians ? "
" Anyone," he answered, " with a little wisdom, if
only he comes from India." "And," he added, "I
will roast a bull to ashes this very day, and you shall
hold communion with us in the smoke it makes ;
for you cannot complain, if you only get the same
portion which is thought enough of a repast for the
gods." And as his image ^ was being melted in the
fire he said: "Look at the sacrifice." "What sacri-
fice," said the Egyptian, "for I do not see anything
there." And Apollonius said, "The lamidae and
the Telliadae and the Clytiadae and the oracle of the
black-footed ones have talked a lot of nonsense, most
excellent priest, when they went on at such length
about fire, and pretended to gather so many oracles
from it. For as to the fire from pine wood and from
the cedar, do you think it is really fraught with
prophecy and capable of revealing anything, and yet
not esteem a fire lit from the richest and purest gum
to be much preferable .^ If then you had really any
acquaintance with the lore of fire worship, you would
see that many things are revealed in the disc of the
sun at the moment of its rising."
^ A freinkincense model of a bull.
519
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XXVI
XXVI TouTOt? eVeAroTTTe tov AlyvTrnov w? afxaOi) tmv
Oeucov. 7rpoaK€t/jL6vr}(; Be t% ^AXe^avhpeia^; Xiriroi^
KoX ^vfKpocTcoaTjii jiev e? tov iTTTroSpo/jLOv eirl rfj
Sea TavTYj, /jLtac<povovvTcov Be aX\,7]\ov<;, iTriTTXjj^tv
virep TOVTcov eTTOLelro, koI irapekOcbv e? to lepov,
'* TTot," €^7], " nraparevelTe aTToOvrjaKOVTe^; ol"^
vTTep re/cvcov ovBe lepcov, aXX' co? ')(paLvotT€ /lev ra
lepa XvOpov fiearol e? ravra rjK0VTe<^, (^OeipoiaOe
Be eaco rei'x^ov^ ; koI Tpoiav p,ev, &)? eoc/cev, (tttto?
et9 BceiTopOrjcrev, ov icrocpiaavTO ol K')(aLol rore,
€9 v/>ia<; oe apfiara e^evfcrai Kai lttttoi,, ol ov<; ov/c
ecTTLV v/MV evTjvicof; ^ijv airoWvaOe yovv oi)^ virb
^ArpeiBcov, ovB^ viro AlaKtBcov, a)OC vtt' olWtjXcov,
o /jL7]B' ol Tpcoe<; ev rfj fieOr). fcara fiev ovv rrjv
^OXvfiTriav, ov iTaXr)^ /cal 7rv<y/jir]<; koI tov
TrayKpaTtd^etv aOXa, ovBe\<^ virep dOXrjTcov dire-
Oavev, to-ft)? Kal ^vyyvco/jL7](; v7rap^ova7]<;, elVt? virep-
cFTTOvBd^oo rrepl to ofi6(f)vXov, virep Be Tirirwv
evTavOa yvfivd fiev vfuv eir* dXXrjXovf; ^i(f)r), ^oXal
Be €T0t/JL0t XiOwv. TTvp Be eirl ttjv tocuvttjv ttoXlv,
evOa olp^coyrj re koL v^pL<;
oXXvvTcov T€ Kal oXXvp^evcov, peei B a'lfiaTi yala.
alBeaOrfTe tov kolvov t/}? AlyviTTOV KpaTrjpa
520
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
XXVI
With these words he rebuked and silenced the chap.
Egyptian, showing that he was ignorant of religion-
But because the Alexandrians are devoted to horses, horse-racing
and flock into the racecourse to see the spectacle, factions
and murder one another in their partisanship, he
therefore administered a grave rebuke to them
over these matters, and entering the temple, he
said : " How long will you persist in meeting your
deaths, not in behalf of your families or of your
shrines, but because you are determined to pollute
the sacred precincts by entering them reeking with
gore and to slaughter one another within the walls.
And Troy it seems was ravaged and destroyed by a
single horse, which the Achaeans of that day had con-
trived ; but your chariots and horses are yoked to
your own despite and leave you no chance of living
in submission to the reins of law. You are being
destroyed therefore not by the sons of Atreus nor by
the sons of Ajax, but by one another, a thing that the
Trojans would not have done even when tliey were
drunk. At Olympia, however, where there are prizes
for wTCstling and boxing and for the mixed athletic
contests, no one is slain in behalf of the athletes,
though it were quite excusable if one should show
an excess of zeal in the rivalry of human beings like
himself. But here I see vou rushing at one another
with drawn swords, and ready to hurl stones, all
over a horse race. I would like to call down fire upon
such a city as this, where amidst the groans and
insulting shouts ' of the destroyers and the de- lUad 4. 401
stroyed the earth runs with blood.' Can you not
521
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ^elXov. dWa tl ^eiXov /xvrjfiovevco 7r/?o?
avap(07rov<; aifiajo^ ava/3a(T€i<; otafjb€TpovvTa<;
fiaXXov f] vdaTO<; ; Kai TrXeico €9 rrjv eiri-
irXri^LV ravTTjv hie\e')(6r) erepa, w? StSdcrKeL 6
AayLtt9.
XXVII
CAP r\* >■> ^\ \ i / »\
XXVII yjvecTraatavov oe rrjv avroKparopa ap')(r]v irepi-
voovvTO<^ irepl rd ofjiopa TJj Alyv7TT(p eOvr), fcal irpo-
^(^(opovvTO^; eVt ttjv Atyvirrov, Atcoi^e? fi€v koX Eu-
(ppdrai, irepl mv /jiiKpbv varepov elprjaerai, 'X^aipetv
irapeKekevovro' fxerd yap rov irpcoTOv avroKpdropa,
vcf)* 01) rd Vco/xaicov BceKOcr/ji'^Or], Tvpavvihe<; ovro)
^aXcTTat ta')(yaav iirl irevrrjKOVTa errjy co? /jLTjSe
KXavStov rd fiiaa tovtcov rpcaKaiSeKa dp^avra
')(p7jo-T0V Bo^ar /cairoi, 7revrr]/copTOVT7]<i fiev e? to
dpx^f'V TTaprfkOev, ore vov^ ixaXiara vyiaivec
dvOpcoTTcov, TracSela^; Be f i/yitTracr?;? iBo/cec ipdv dXXd
KaKelvo^ TrfXiKoaBe 03V iroXXd /jLeipa/cccoBrj eiraOe
fcal fiyXo/SoTOv yvvaiot<; ttjv dp')(7]v dvrJKev, v(f> wv
ovTco paOvfJbCdq diTeOavev, co? Kauroi ir poycyvcocTKoyp ,
d e/jieXXe TreiaeaOai, fJurfB^ d irpoyBec, ^vXd^aaOai.
^AttoXXcovio^ Be TrapaTrXrjcnct)^ fiev l^vcppdrrj koI
Alcove Trepl tovtcov e-^aipe, fxeXeTTjv S* avTd ov/c
iiroieiTo i<; 7rdvTa<i, prjTopLKcoTepav ^yovfievof; tjjv
522
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
feel reverence for the Nile, the common mixing bowl chap.
of Egypt ? But why mention the Nile to men whose
gauges measure a rising tide of blood rather than of
water ? " And many other rebukes of the same kind
he addressed to them^ as Damis informs us.
XXVII
Vespasian was harbouring thoughts of seizing the chap.
XXVII
absolute power, and was at this time in the countries .
bordering upon Egypt ; and when he advanced as arrival at
far as Egypt, people like Dion and Euphrates, of ^^®^*'^^^*
whom I shall have something to say lower down,
urged that a welcome should be given to him. For
the first autocrat, by whom the Roman state was
"organised, was succeeded for the space of fifty
years by tyrants so harsh and cruel, that not
even Claudius, who reigned thirteen years in the
interval between them, could be regarded as a
good ruler, and that, although he Jwas fifty years of
age when he succeeded to the throne, an age when
a man's judgment is most likely to be sane, and
though he had the reputation of being fond of
culture of all kinds ; nevertheless he too in spite of
his advanced age committed many youthful follies,
and gave up the empire to be devoured, as sheep
devour a pasture, by silly women, who murdered
him, because he was so indolent that, though he
knew beforehand what was in store for him, he
would not be on his guard even against what he
foresaw. Apollonius no less than Euphrates and Dion
rejoiced in the new turn of events ; but he did not
make use of them as a theme in his public utterances,
523
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. TOtdvhe ISeav rod Xoyov, ttooctlovtl he tco avro-
'V "Y \* T T
Kpa-TOpc TCL fjbev lepa irpb irvXcbv aTTTjvTa koI ra tt)?
AlyvTTTOV TeXrj /cal ol vofioi, kuO^ ov<^ A^lyvirTO^
T€r/jb7)Tat, <f)t\o(TO<poi re (h(TavTco<^ koI ao(f)ia7rdcra,
Be A7ro\X(ovLO<; ovSev iTroXvTTpay/jiovet tovtcdv,
aXXa iaiTovha^ev iv rcS lepw. htakeyOel^ he 6
avTOKpdrcop yevvald re /cal Tj/xepa, /cal hceXOcov
Koyov ov jxaKpov, eTnorj/jiet, ecpr], 'o ivavev^i;
" i^at," ecpaaav, " /3e\Tiov(; ye rj/jbd'^ epyaordjjbevo^r
" iTM<i av ovv ^vyyevoLTO rjfMtv; " ecfyy, " acpohpa
yap heofjLat rod dvhp6<;,^^ *' ivTev^erai aot irepl ro
lepovj' o At&)z^ elire, *' irpo^ ifie yap hevpo ij/covra
a)/jLo\oyei ravra,^ " ccofiev,^^ ecpij o ^aacXev<;,
" Trpocrev^o/jievoc p.ev toI<^ deol<^, ^vveaofxevoi he
dvhpl yevvai(pr evrevOev dve(f)v \6yo<;, &)? ev6v-
/jLLO(; fjuev avTa> r) dp^ yevoiTO TroXiop/covvrc rd
%6\v/jLa, fjL€Ta7refi7roLTO he tov ^AttoWcovlov virep
^ov\r]<; TOVTcov, 6 he irapaLTolro r]/ceLV e? yrjv, yv
ep^iavav ol iv avr^ ol/couvTe<; oU re ehpaaav oh re
eiraOov 66ev avTO^ eXOelv e'9 AcyvTrrov ttjv fiev
dp^rjv K€/CT7j/jLevo^, hoa\€^6fxevo<; he tc3 dvhpl oiroaa
hrfK(0(T(o.
XXVIII
CAP. @i;cra9 yap /caX ovtto) ^/3>/yLtaTtcra9 /car d^uav Tat<^
^^^^^^ TToXeau TTpoaetTTe tov ^AttoWcovcov /cal Marrep
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
because he considered such an argument too much in chap.
the style of a rlietor. When the autocrat approached
the city, the priests met him before the gates, together
with the magistrates of Egypt and the representatives
of the different provinces into which Egypt is divided.
The philosophers also were present and all their
schools. Apollonius however did not put himself
forward in this way, but remained conversing in the
temple. The autocrat delivered himself of noble
and gentle sentiments, and after making a short
speech, said : " Is the man of Tyana living here ? "
'•' Yes," they replied, "^ and he has much improved us
thereby." " Can he then be induced to give us an
interview .f* " said the emperor, '* For 1 am very much
in want of him." "He will meet you," said Dion,
^' in the temple, for he admitted as much to me when
I was on my way here." "" Let us go on," said the
king, " at once to offer our prayers to the gods, and
to meet so noble a man." This is how the story grew
up, that it was during his conduct of the siege of
Jerusalem that the idea of making himself emperor
suggested itself to him ; and that he sent for
Apollonius to ask his advice on the point ; but that
the latter declined to enter a country which its in-
habitants polluted both by what they did and by
what they suffered, which was the reason why V^espa-
sian came in person to Egypt, as well because he
now had possession of the throne, as in order to hold
with our sage the conversations which I shall relate.
xxvni
For after he had sacrificed, and before he gave chap.
official audiences to the cities, he addressed himself ^^^^^^
525
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ev)(6/JL€P0(; avrS, " iroirjaov jxeT €(p7}, " ^aaiXea.'^ 6
Be, '* iiroi'qday^ eLTrev, " rjhr] 'yap €v^d/jL€VO<; ^aatXea
Bi/caiGV re /cat yevvalov /cal adic^pova kol iroXia
KSKoafirifievov koI irarepa irauScov yvrjcTLcop, ae
hr)7Tov irapa tmv Oecov rjrovv iyco.' vTreprjaOel^i
he Tovrotf; o ^aai\ev<;, kol yap e^orjae to iv tm
lepw 7r\P)0o<; ^vvTi6e/JL€V0L tm Xoyco, " rt croc,^^ e^'f],
" 'Nepcovo^ o,p^rj ecpaivero; " fcal 6 \\.7roW(t)vio(;,
iSepcov, ecrre, Ktuapav puev iaco<; rjoet apfioTTS-
orOai, TTjV Se ap)(^r]v ^ayyvev aveaet Kal eVtTacret."
" ^vfjLfjLeTpov ovv,
€(p7], " KeXevec^^ elvat top dp-
'^ovra; ovk eyo), ecire, ueo<; oe ttjv iaorrjja
fieaorrjTa 6pLadfjL€vo<;. dyaOol 8e tovtcov ^v/jl^ov-
Xoc fcau oioe oi avcpeff, tov llKova bei^a<^ Kai tov
^v(j)pdT7]v jjbrjTTco avT(p e? Sia(f)opav r}KOVTa. Tore
St) dva(T)(^d)v 6 ^aaiXev^ ra? 'Xelpa^, " w ZeO,"
ec^rj, '* cro(f)cov jxev eycb dp)(^OL/ic, aocj)ol Be i/xov.^'
Kal iino'Tpe'^a^ eavrov e? rov^ Alyv7rTiov<;,
" dpvaaaOe,^ eiirev, " 0)9 ^eiXov Kal ifiov.^^
XXIX
^^P- 'H fjbev Br) AtyvTTTOf; a)Be dvea^ev, d7reiprjK6Te<; tjBt)
Bl a eiTie^ovTO. Karcwv Be tov lepov ^vvfjyjre tw
526
I
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
to ApolloniuSj and, as if making prayer he said xxvni
to him: "Do thou make me king." And he g^
answered : " I have done so ah-eady, for I have converses
already offered a prayer for a king who should be Apoiionius
just and noble and temperate, endowed with the f^^'^^, .
wisdom of grey hairs, and the father of legitimate
sons ; and surely in my prayer I was asking from the
gods for none other but thyself." The emperor
was delighted with this answer, for the crowd too in
the temple shouted their agreement with it.
'^ What then/' said the emperor, " did you think of
the reign of Nero.^*" And Apollonius answered:
Nero perhaps understood how to tune a lyre, but
he disgraced the empire both by letting the strings
go too slack and by drawing them too tight."
"Then," said the other, "you would like a ruler
to observe the mean .f* " "Not I," said Apollonius,
" but God himself, who has defined equality as con-
sisting in the mean. And these gentlemen here,
they too are good advisers in this matter," he added,
pointing to Dion and Euphrates, for the latter had
not yet quarrelled with him. Thereupon the king
held up his hand and said : " O Zeus, may I hold
sway over wise men, and wise men hold sway over
me." And turning himself round towards the
Egyptians he said : " You shall draw as liberally
upon me as you do upon the Nile."
^ XXIX
The result then was that the Egyptians regained chap.
their prosperity, for they were already exhausted by
the oppressions they suffered ; but as he went down
527
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ^AttoWcovlo) rt)v '^elpa, koX Trapa^yafyQiv avrov 69
ra /3aaL\eia, " Tcrft)?," ecprj, " /jLeipa/cicoST]^ ivioL^
BoKO) jSaaiXeiaf; aTTTOfxevo^; irepl €to<; e^r)KoaTov
Tov /Slov Scoaco ovv djroXo'yiaVy 01)9 aTToXoyolo
virep i/jLOv T0t9 aXXoL'^' iyci) yap ttXovtov /xev
r)Tr'r]Oel(; ovSe iv fieLpaKio) irore olha, tcl^ he ap)^d<;
T6 /cat \ap.7rpoTr)Ta<;, oiroaat rrj 'FcofjcaUov dp^y
irpocnfjKovaiv, ovto) crG)cf)p6v(o<i koI p.eTpL(o<; BieOefiTjv,
ct)9 /xT^re v7Tep(f)pa>v p^tjr^ av fcareTrrrj'^co'^ So^aL,
vecorepa Be ovB^ iirl Nepcova iveOvp,7]07}v, dW
iTTetSr] TTjv dp^i-jv, el /cat /xr) kutcl v6/jlov<;, Trap'
dvhpo<i yovv avroKpaTopo^; irapaXa^oov el^ev,
v(pLep,7]v avT(p hid tov KXavSiov, 09 vTrarov re
dTreSei^e yu-e Kal ^ij/jL^ovXov tmv eavrov' /cal vr] rrjv
W6r)vdp, OTTore ^epcova lSol/jLL do-'^rjfxovovvTa,
Bd/cpvd pioi e^eTTiTTTev iv6 v jjlov jievw tov KXavhiov,
v(p* OLov /caOdpp.aTO<i to fieyicTTOv tmv eauTOv
eK\r)povofM')]Or]. 6pa)v Se firjS^ oiroTe ^epwv eKrroBcbv
ykyovev iwl to Xwov p^eOicTTdp^eva ra tcov dv-
dpcoTTcov, aW' ovTco^ aTt/xa)9 TrjV dp-)(riv irpaT-
Tovaav, d)<; eirl BireXtw /ceia6ai, Oappcov rjSr] eV
avTrjv elpLL, TrpcoTOV fxev, iirethr] ^ovXofiac Tot9
dvdp(O7T0i<; Trapaa^etv ifiavTov ttoXXov d^Lov, ecTa,
eireihr] irpo<; dvOpwirov dycov eaTac KpaiTraXoyvTa'
BtTeX£09 ydp fivp(p p.ev Xovtul irXeloT rj iyo) uSaTC,
SoKel Se /jLOL /cal ^tcpei TrXijyel^; /xvpov eKhdxieiv
/jbdXXov rj al/ma, ocvo) 8e olvov ^vvdirTcov fiatveTaL,
Kal Kv/Sevei fiev 8eSia)<; pDJ tl avTov 01 it6ttoI
528
LIFE OF APOLL(3XILS, BOOK V
from the temple he grasped the liand of ApoUonius, chap.
and taking him with liim into the palace^ said : ^^^^
" Perhaps some will think me young and foolish ^^^ reignlT *^
because I assume the reins of kinjj^shipin the sixtieth '^f i\is
year of my life. I will then communicate to you my
reasons for doing so, in order that you may justify
my actions to others. For I was never the slave of
wealth that I know of, even in my youth ; and in the
matter of the magistracies and honours in the gift of
the Roman sovereign, I bore myself with so much
soberness and moderation as to avoid being thought
either overbearing or, on the other hand, craven and
cowardly. Nor did 1 cherish any but loyal feelings
towards Nero ; but, inasmuch as he had received the
crown, if not in strict accordance with the law, at
any rate from the autocrat, I submitted to him for
the sake of Claudius, who made me consul and
sharer of his counsels. And, by Athene, I never saw
Nero demeaning himself without shedding tears,
when I thought of Claudius, and contrasted with
him the wretch who had inherited the greatest of
his possessions. And now when I see that even the
disappearance from the scene of Nero has brought
no change for the better in the fortunes of humanity,
and that the throne has fallen into such dishonour
as to be assigned to Vitellius, I boldly advance to
take it myself ; firstly, because I wish to endear
myself to men and win their esteem, and secondly,
because the man I have to contend with is a mere
drunkard. For Vitellius uses more ointment in his
bath than I do water, and I believe that if you ran
a sword into him, more ointment would issue from
the wound than blood ; and his continuous bouts of
drinking have made him mad, and one who were he
529
VOL. I. M M
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. a(f)i]Xcoai,v, virep Be npXV'^ avappLirrel TraL^cov,
eraipai'^ Se viroKeiixevof; eTnBopvvTai rat? yeya-
/jL7]/jb6vaL<i, rjSiCO (j)d(TKCov TCL /xera klvSvvcov ipcorc/cd.
60) TCL daeXyeaTepa, o)? /x?) roLavra eVl aov
Xeyoi/jii' fir) Br) TrepuBoL/jLL 'V(D[iaiov<i hiro toiovtov
dp-^OevTa^;, aXV r)yefjLova^ TroLovfjuevo^ tou? Oeoi)^
dvr)p yiyvoLjxrjv epuavTS) 6/jloco<=;' oOev 6k aov,
^KiToWoovie, Tretafxa iyco /SdWofxaL, (pacrl yap
•nXelard ae tcov Oeoiv alaOdveaOaL, koI ^v/jl-
^ovkov TTOLOv/jLai (J€ cfipovTiBcov, icj)^ a*? ioTL yfj
Kol OdXarra, Xv el /lev evjjbevr) rd irapd icdv Oecov
(patvoLTo, irpdTTOtjxi ravra, et Be evavTia fcal fir)
7rpo<; ifiov fxrjBe 'Pcofiaicov, fir) evo')(\oLr)v rou? Oeov<i
XXX
CAP. '^TTiOeLdaa^ 3' o ^K.iroWoiiVLO'^ rco Xoyoa, " ZeO,*'
XXX
e^r), " KaTTiTwXte, ae yap twv irapovrcov irpay-
fidrcov l3pa^€VTr)v olBa, (pvXaTre aeavTov fiev
TOVTW, aeavTW Be tovtov tov yap vecov, ov %^69
dBiKOi %€t/3€9 ive7rpr)aav, TovBe aol tov dvBpa
dvaaTTjaai ireTrpcoTai.
OavfidaavTO^ Be tov
l^aaCKew^ tov XoyoVy " auTa," elirev, " avTu BrfXaoaet,
530
LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK V
diceinff would be full of apprehension lest the chap.
j)ieces should play liim false, is yet ha/arding the '
empire in play ; and though he is the slave of
mistresses, he nevertheless insults married women,
and says that he likes to spice his amours with a
little danger. His worst excesses I will not mention
for I would rather not allude to such matters in your
presence. May I then never submit tamely, while the
Romans are ruled by such a man as he ; let me
rather ask the gods to guide me so that I may be
true to myself. And this, Apollonius, is why I, as it
were, make fast my cable to yourself, for they say
that you have the amplest insight into the will of
the gods, and why I ask you to share with me in
my anxieties and aid me in plans on which rests the
safety of sea and land ; to the end that, supposing
the good- will of heaven show itself on my, side, I
may fulfill my task ; but if heaven opposes and
favours neither myself nor the Romans, that I may
not trouble the gods against their wills."
XXX
Apollonius clinched his words with an appeal to chap.
heaven : " O Zeus," said he, " of the Capitol, for thou .' " ,
1 T 1 11 1 • f» 1 "^" example
art he whom 1 know to be the arbiter ot the present of
issue, do thou preserve thyself for this man and this g^^of"^^^^**
man for thyself. For this man who stands before thee second sight
is destined to raise afresh unto thee the temple which
only yesterday the hands of malefactors set on fire."
And on the emperor expressing astonishinent at his
words : ^' The facts themselves," he said,
will reveal,
so do thou ask nothing of me ; but continue and
531
M M 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
<^'Ai'. fcal fJLT^hev ifxov Seov, Trepaive he, a opdoi^ e/3ov-
XeycTft)." ^v/jL^€^7]fC6i 8e cipa Kara rrjv Va)p,r)v
Aojji6Tiavov fiev tov OveairaaLavov iralha irapa-
rerd'^OaL tt/jo? tov ^ireXiov virep rrjf; dp'^}]<; tov
TraTpo^, TToXtopKia'^ 5' avTOv Trepta'^ovaT]'^ iv tu)
KaTTtTwXto), TOV fiev hLairec^evyevai tov<; iroXiop-
KovvTa<;, TOV veoyv S' efiTreTTprjaOat, koX too 'AttoX-
Xcovlo) (^aiveaOai ttoXXco Oclttov rj el kut AcyviTTov
€7rpdTT€T0. ToaavTa airovhacravTe^ o jiev cLTrrfkOe
TOV (3a(TL\i(o<^, elircov /jLT) ^vy')(^cop6LV avTw tcl ^\vh6)v
TruTpta KaTa pLeaTj/ju/Spiav dWo tl Trap a eKelvoi
irpaTTOvai TrpuTTetv, o he dvekaiiire re ert
fidWov Kol ov ^vve'^oopei toI^ irpdypbao-i hta-
(fievyetv eavTov, dX)C co? ^e^aiwv re Kal avTw
KaOcofjLo\oyi]/jievo)v elyeTO hi a rjKOvaev.
XXXI
CAP. T^ h vaTepaia irepl opOpov iirl tcl ^aaiXeia
rjKOiv ^ ATToWcovLOf; rjpeTO tov<; hopv(j)6povs, o tl
l3acn\ev<; irpdTTOi, ol he eypr^yopevat t€ avTOv
TrdXat ec^acrav kol irpo^ €7rtcrTo\ai<; elvac. koI
aKOvcra^; tovto aTrrfkOev eiTrcbv tt/do? tov AdfiLV
" dvrjp dp^et.^^ eiraveXOcov he irepl tjXlov
dvia'X^ovTa Alcova jjuev koX ^v(j)pdT7]v eVl 6vpai<;
evpe, Kol irepl Trj(; ^vvovcna^; ^tXoTt/xa)9 epcoTcoai
htrjXOe TTjv aTToXoyiav, fjv tov ^aacXeco^; rjKOVcre,
Td<^ he avTov 8o^a9 aTreaLcoTrriaev. eafcXrjOel'i he
532
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
complete that which thou hast so rightly purposed." chap.
Now it happened just then as a matter of fact that ^
in Rome Domitian^ the son of Vespasian^ was matched
with Vitellius in the struggle to gain the empire for
his father^ and was besieged in the Capitol, with the
result that although he escaped the fury of the
besiegers, the temple w^as burnt down ; and all this
was revealed to ApoUonius more quickly than if it
had taken place in Egypt. When they had held
their conversation, he left the emperor's presence,
saying that it was not permitted him by the religion
of the Indians to proceed at midday in any other
way than the Indians do themselves ; at the same
time the emperor brightened up, and with fresh
enthusiasm, instead of allowing matters to slip
through his hands, persevered in his policy, con-
vinced by ApoUonius' words that his future was
stable and assured to him by heaven.
XXXI
Next day at dawn ApoUonius came to the palace chap.
and asked the guards what the emperor was doing ; ^^^^
from whom learning that he had long risen and was wFus^an^^^
engaged on his correspondence, he went off and audience for
remarked to Damis : "This man shall be sovereign." Euphrates
About sunrise he returned to find Dion and
Euphrates already at the door, in return to whose
eager enquiries concerning the interview, he
repeated the defence of his policy which he had
heard from the emperor, though at the same time he
let no word escape him of his own opinions. But on
being summoned to enter in advance of them, he
533
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. 7rp(0T0(;, "w ySao-tXeO," elirev, *' Kv(f>pdTr]<; koI Alcov
TToXao aoi yvcopifJiOL 6vr€<; Trpo? dvpac<; elalv ovk
cKppovTiBe^; Twv ao)V' Kokei 8r} KaKeLvov^ e? kolvcv
\o<yov, cro<pco yap rco avope. aK\eiaTov<;, €<p7],
- ' dvpa^i 7rape')((iy (TO(f)OL<; avhpdat, crol Se /cal ra
arepva dv€^')(6at hoKel rd/jbd.
XXXII
CAP. 'Evret Be iaeKXrjOrjcrav, " virep fiev Trj*; ifiavrov
Siavoia^J^ elirev, *' co dvSp€<;, aTToXeXoyrjfiac, %^e9
^ AttoWcovlw tw yevval(p,'^ " rjKovaafjLev, ^ r) K o
Aicov, " Trj<; d7ro\o<yia<;, /cal vovv et^e. ' *' Tij/juepov
8e," elvrev, ** w ^/X,e Atwi^, ^v/jL(j)L\ooro(j)ij(TCi)/jL6v
virep TMV pe^ovXevfMevwv, Iv co? KdWiara Kal
Kara acorrjpiav tmv dv6 p(t)7rcov irdvTa tt parrot, fir
ivvotov yap irpwrov fiev rov Tt^epLOV, (w? e? ro
drrdvOpcoTTOv re Kal ay/jbbv rrjv dp^rjv fierearrjo-ev,
elra rov eir eKeivM Vdiov, ax; Scovvao/iiavcov /cat
XvSl^cov rr]v crroXrjv Kal TroXe/xou? vikcov ovk ovra^
69 irdvra ra ^Vcopiaiwv ala')(^pcb<; e^dK'X^evaev, elra
rov 'X^prjarov KXavBiov, co? vtto yvvaicov rjrrrjOel^;
eireXdOero rov dp-^eiv, dWd Kal rov ^rjv, diredave
yap vir avrcov, w? (f)aai,, Nepcovo^; Be ri dv KaOarr-
roi/ji7]v, elrrovro^ ^ AttoWcovlov I3pa')(yv Kai aOpoov
\6yov irepl dveaeco^; re Kal eVtracrea)?, ah ^epwv
ri]v ap)(^r]v r/a^vve ; n o av rrepi cov 1 aXpa<;
^vverarrev, ecTroL/JLCj 09 eV dyopd'^ fieai]^ direOavev
534
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
said : " O King, Euphrates and Dion, long your ac- chap.
quaintances, are at your door, being highly anxious
for your welfare. I pray you, call them in also to
join in our conversation, for they are both of them
wise men." '• I throw my doors open," he replied,
"^ to wise men ; but to you I purpose to open my
breast as well."
XXXII
When they had been called in, he continued : chap.
^' In defence of my own plans, I said, gentlemen, x^^ii
what I had to say, yesterday to Apollonius our gjaS
esteemed friend." "We have heard that defence," retrospect
said Dion, "and it was most reasonable." "Well,
to-day," he went on, "my d^ar Dion, let us
concert some wise conclusions in support of the
counsels adopted by me, of a kind to ensure my
general policy being both honourable and salutary to
mankind. For I cannot forget how Tiberius was the
first to degrade the government into an inhuman
and cruel system, of how he was followed by Gains,
who filled with Bacchic frenzy, dressed in Lydian
fashion, won sham fights and by his disgraceful
revels violated all Roman institutions. There
followed the worthy Claudius, and I remember that he
was so much the thrall of women as to lose all sense
of sovereignty, nay even of self-preservation; for they
say he was murdered by them. Nero I hardly need
assail, for Apollonius in brief and terse remarks has
exposed the faults of over-indulgence and undue
severity by which he disgraced his reign. Nor need
I dwell on the system of Galba, who was slain in
the middle of the forum in the act of adopting those
535
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. rjTacprifievov'^ ecriroLMV iavro) Tralha^ rov ' OOcova
Kat rov UeLcroova ; ei oe Kai nireXico tm ttuvtcov
daeXyeo-rdro) rrjv dp'^rjv TrapaSotrj/jLev, dva/St-ojrj
Ne/3ft)i/' opcov ovv, CO dvSp€<;, vcj)' o)v elirov rvpavvlScov
Sca/Se^Xrjfjievov rb dp')(etv, ^v/jLfiov\ov<; vfjid^i ttolov-
fMat, 7rco9 dv ScaOeifji'rjv avrb 7rpoaKeKpovKO<; rjSr}
roL<^ dvOpoiirot^y 7rpo9 ravra o 'ATToWcoz^io?,
- ' av\r)Ty<;,^^ €(f)7], *' tmv irdvv crocpcov rovf; eavrov
fjiaOrjTa^ irapd tov^ (f)av\or€pov<; rcov avXrjrwv
eirepbire fjLa6r]ao/jL€vov<;, 7rft>9 Set /jlt) avXelv to /xev
St], 7rco9 ^et /JLT) dp')(eiv, fiefiddij/caf;, m ^acriXev,
irapd TOVTcov, ot 7rovr)pco<; rjp^av, to S\ ottox; Set
dp^eiv, crTrovBdcTCiy/jbev,'^
XXXIII
O 8 ^v(f)pdT7](; d(f)avco<; puev TjSr) i^dcrKatve tw
CAP. > , ^ , ^ V f ^'
xxxiii KiroWcovicp, irpoaKeipievov avTO) tov ^aaiXea opcjv
fjbdWov T) To2<} ')(^prj(TTr)pioL'^ tov^ e? avTa tj/covtu^;,
dvouhrjaa^ Se virep to jxeTpov t6t€ koI ttjv (pcovrjv
iirdpa'^ irap^ o elcoOei, " ov %/?>;/' €(f>rj, " KoXa/ceveov
Ta<i op/jLd<i, ovSe dvoiJTco'; avve/ccj^epecrOai toc<; irapd
TTjv rjVLav TO irpaTTovcn, KaTappvO jjbi^eiv he avTov^y
elirep (f)i\ocro(f)Ov/i,ev a yap ei irpoarjKei irpaTTecVy
eSei l3ov\€vo/jbevov<; ^aiveaOai, TavO^ ovireTrpd^eTai
TpOTTOv KeXevec^ Xeyetv ovttco jxaOoov, el virep it pa-
I
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
strumpet sons of his Otho and Piso. As for \ itellius, chap,
we had rather Nero should come to hfe again than ^^^'^
betray the empire to him, the most dissolute of all.
Perceiving then, my friends, that the throne has
fallen into hatred and contempt by reason of the
tyrants 1 have enumerated, I would fain have you
advise me how best I can restore it, so that it should
not remain what it has become, namely, a stumbling
block to mankind." Apollonius replied as follows :
" There was a first-rate flute-player, it is said, who
used to send his pupils to much worse artists than
himself, that they might learn how not to pipe.
As then you, my sovereign, have learned from these
your good-for-nothing predecessors, how not to rule,
let us, then, now turn our attention to the problem,
how a sovereign ought to rule."
XXXIII
While Apollonius spoke, Euphrates concealed the chap.
jealousy he already felt of one whose utterances
clearly interested the emperor hardly less than those Eup^hrates,
of an oracular shrine interest those who rei)air to it for i" favour of
rGstorinfif H
guidance. But now at last his feelings overcame him, Roman
and, raising his voice above its usual pitch, he cried : i^^P"^!^'^
"We must not flatter men's impulses, nor allow
ourselves to be carried away against our better judg-
ment by men of unbridled ambition ; but we should
rather, if we are enamoured of wisdom, recall them
to the rhythm of life. Here is a policy about the
very expediency of which we should first calmly
deliberate, and yet you would have us prescribe a
way of executing it, before you know if the measures
under discussion are desirable. For myself, I quite
537
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. KT€(ov ol \6yot. iyco Se J^iriXiov fiev KarakvOrjvai
/ceXevay, fitapov yap tov dvOpcoirov olBa koX /leOv-
ovra aaeXyeia irdcrr), ae 8 avhpa elSa)^; ayaOov kol
yevvacoTrjri Trpovxovra, ov (f)r)/jLt '^prjvac ra /juev
IBireXiov hiopOovadat, ra aeavrov Se /jltJttco elhevat.
oaa jjbev hr] at fiovap^iac v^pl^ovcrcv, ovk ifjLOv XPV
jMavOdvetv, aW avro^ €ipr]Ka<;, ycyvdocTKOcf; 8' dv,
&)9 veoTTjf; fjbev eirX rvpavviha irrjBcocra TrpoarJKOvra
iavrfj TTov Trpdrrei, to yap TVpavvevetv ovt(o<; eoiKe
veotf;, ft)? TO fjisOveiv, ox; to ipdv, Kal reo? /xev
TVpavvevaa^ ovtto) KaK6<;,rjv fir)^ /juiaKpovo^; TrapoLTrjv
TvpavvlBa Kal 0DfM0<; Kal daeXyT]^; Bo^j], yepovTO^; Be
iirl TvpavviBa tjkovto^, TrpcoTT] atTua to TOiavTa
/SovXeaOar Kal yap rjv <^iXdv6 pw'Tro<=; (^alvr^Tai
Kal KeKOG-jjur^jievo^, ovk eKeivov TavTa vofiltovcnv,
dXXd TTJf; r)XtKia<; Kal tov KaTtjpTVKevaL, Bo^ec Be
Kal TrdXat tovtov Kal veo^ eTC e7n6v/jL^cra<; dfjiap-
TelVi al Be TOiavTac d/iapTiai irpoaKeLVTau fiev
BvaTv^la, irpoaKeiVTaL Be BetXia' BoKel ydp tl^ i)
KaTayvov<; r?)? €avTov TV')(rj(; to ev V(p Tvpavvevaai
wapeivac, r) TVpavvrfo-eiovTi. eKaTrjvaL eTepco SetVa?
BrjTTOV avTov ft)? dvBpa. to fxev Brj r?}? BvcrTV)(La^
edadco, to Be r^? SetXta? ttco? irapaiTr^ar], Kn\
TavTa ^ep(ova Bokmv Belaai tov BeiXoTaTov ts Kai
^ Kayser omits ^^, which the sense requires,
538
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
approve of the deposition of Vitellius^ whom I know chap.
to be a ruffian drunk with every sort of profligacy ; ^^^^^^
nevertheless^ altliough 1 know you to be a worthy
man and of pre-eminent nobihty c f character^ I deny
that you ought to undertake the correction of VitelHus
without first establishing an ideal for yourself. I
need not instruct you in the excesses chargeable to
monarchy as such, for you have yourseli described
them ; but this I would have you recognise, that
whereas youth leaping into the tyrant's saddle does
but obey its own instincts,^ — ^for playing the tyrant
comes as natural to young men as wine or Avomen,
and we cannot reproach a young man merely for
making himself a tyrant, unless in pursuit of his
role he shows himself a murderer, a ruffian and a
debauchee,^ — ^on the other hand when an old man
makes himself a tyrant, the first thing we blame in
him is that he ever nursed such an ambition. It is
no use his shewing himself an example of humanity
and moderation, for of these qualities we shall give
the credit not to himself, but to his age and inature
training. And men will believe that he nursed the
ambition long before, when he was still a stripling,
only that he failed to realise it ; and such failures
are attributed partly to ill luck, partly to pusillanimity.
I mean that he will be thought to have renounced
his dream of becoming a tyrant, because he distrusted
his own star, or that he stood aside and made way
for another who entertained the same ambition and
whose superior courage he dreaded. As for the
count of ill luck, I may dismiss it ; but as for that of
cowardice, how can you avoid it ? How escape the
reproach of having been afraid of Nero, the most
539
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. padvfjLoraTOV ; a yap iveOvfirjO')') Btr8t|^ eV avrov,
ae, vrj rov JlpaKXea, eKoXei irpwrov. kuI yap
arpanav eZ^e?, Kal r; Bvva/JLL<;, fjv iirl Tov(;^]ovBaiov<;
'y]y€<;, iTrtrrjSeLorepa rjv Tt/JLcop€LaOat ^epcova^
eKelvoL fiev yap TraXat a^earacnv ov fiovov
'Vcofjuaicov, aWa Kat TrdvTcov avOpanTcov ol yap
jSiOV a/jLLKTOV €Vp6vT€<; KOi ol? /jL1]T€ KOIVT) TTyOO?
avOpcoTTOv^ TpaTre^a /iTjre airovSal fjLrjre €V)(^al
fjL^re dvaiai, ifkeov cK^earacnv tj/jumv tj Sovcra Kal
^(ZKTpa Kal ol virep ravra ^\v8ol' ovkovv ovS^
6t/co9 ^v TLjJiwpelcrOaL tovtov<; acf^carafievovi;, ou?
ffeXnov rjv fjurjSe KTaaOac. ^epcova Se rt? ovk
av rfv^aro rfj eavrov ')(eipl airoKrelvaL, fiovovov
TTivovra TO tojv avdpcoTrcov aifia Kal iv jieaot^ tol<;
(j)6voc<; ahovTa ; KalroL e/xoO ra oira opda tjv tt/oo?
TOL'9 VTTep aov X070U9, Kal oirore tl<; iKeWev
a<f)LKOcro rpicrfjLvpiovf; ^lovBalcov aTroXcoXevao <f)aa-
K(ov VTTO aov Kai irevraKia jjbvpiov; Kara tjjv
e(f)€^i]<; ixd')(7]v, CLTroXapij^dvcov rov rjKovra ^Vfijie-
Tpco<; rjpcoTcov, tl S' o dvijp ; /jlt) fiel^ov tl tovtcop ;
iirel Be rov ^LreXcov ecBcoXov 7r€7roL7]fi€vo<; tov
Nepwi^o? eV avTov aTparevetf;, a fiev ^e^ovXevaai,
irpcLTTe, KaXa yap Kal ravra, ra Se irrl rovroi<;
J)8e e')(er(i)' 'Pft)yLta/ot9 to ZripbOKparelcrOaL woXXov
ci^iov, Kal rroXXa rcov ovrcov avrot<; eV eVe/z'?;?
T>;9 rroXireia^; eKri^Oiy irave fjuovap-^tav, rrepl //?
540
LIFE OF APOLLOXIUS, BOOK V
cowardly and supine of rulers ? Look at the revolt chap.
V "V "V Til
against him planned by Vindex, you surely were the ^
man of the hour, its natural leader, and not he I
For you had an army at your back, and the forces you
were leading against the Jews, would they not have
been more suitably employed in chastising Nero ? JFor
the Jews have long been in revolt not only against
the Romans, but against humanity ; and a race that
has made its own a life apart and irreconcilable,
that cannot share with the rest of mankind in the
pleasures of the table nor join in their libations or
prayers or sacrifices, are separated from ourselves by
a greater gulf than divides us from Susa or Bactra or
the more distant Indies. What sense then or reason
was there in chastising them for revolting from us,
whom we had better have never annexed ? As for
Nero, who would not have prayed with his own hand
to slay a man well-nigh drunk with human blood,
singing as he sat amidst the hecatombs of his victims ?
I confess that I ever pricked up my ears when any
messenger from yonder brought tidings of yourself,
and told us how in one battle you had slain thirty
thousand Jews and in the next fifty thousand. In
such cases I would take the courier aside and quietly
ask him : ' But what of the great man .^ Will he not
rise to higher things than this ? ' Since then you have
discovered in Vitellius an image and ape of Nero, and
are turning your arms against him, persist in the
policy you have embraced, for it too is a noble one,
only let its sequel be noble too. You know^ how-
dear to the Romans are popular institutions, and how
nearly all their conquests were won under a free
polity. Put then an end to monarchy, of which you
have repeated to us so evil a record ; and bestow
541
FLAVaUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Toiavra etpr)/ca<^, koX hihov Pco/jbaioL's fJLtv to tov
o7)/jLov Kparo*^, aavTO) oe to t;\€vaepLa<; avTOL<;
ap^ai.
XXXIV
CAP. ToaavTa tov "EvcbpaTov elirovTOf; opcov 6 'AttoX-
XXXIV ^ ^ ^ ^" ^ . ,
\<jOVto(; TOV Aicova TrpoaTLOefievov ttj yvco/jLi), tovtI
- yap Kol TM vev/xaTt €7r€B7]\ov koI oI? eTryvet
XeyovTa, " /xtj rt," c</)^, " Alcop, toI^ elpyjfievof^
TTpoaTLurj^; ; vi] lit , eiire, tttj puev o/jLOia, irrj be
avofjbota' to fiev yap &)? ttoXXw jSeXTioyv av rjv
^epwva KaToKvwv fiaXXov rj to, tmv ^lovSaLcov
StopOov/jLivo^;, rfyovfiai kci/jloI 7rpo<; ere elprjcrOat, av
Se e(f>KeL<; ayoyva Trocov/jiivcp fxy KaTaXvOrjvai iroTe
avTov 6 yap ttjv Tapa')(7]v tmv eKelvov Trpay/juaTcov
€v TiOeixevo'^, ippcovvve ttov tov dvOpcoirov iirl
TrdvTa^;, 01)9 /caKco'^ eppcoTo. Trjv he iirl tov BtreXtoz^
opjxr^v eTraivu}' tov yap Tvpavviha KaOeaTrjKvlav
iravaaL fxeli^ov i^yovp^at to fxrjSe iaaai <^vvai.
Brjfio/cpaTiav Se dcTTrd^o/jLac fiev — Ka\ yap el Tr]<;
dpi(TTOKpaTia<; tjttwv 7]Be rj iroXcTeia, dWa
Tvpavvihayv Te Kal oXcyap^iMV alpeTWTepa tol'^
(TcocppoaL — SeSca Be, fir) '^€Lp07]det<; qBrj 'Vco/jLaLov<;
avTai al TvpavvlSe^; TreTrocrjKvlac ')(^a\e7rr)v epyd-
(TcovTat TTJV /jbeTajSoXTjv, fcal /jLT) Bvvcovtui /irJTe 1
542
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
upon Romans a popular governnient, and on yoin*- chap
sell* the glory of inaugurating for them a reign of * ' "
liberty. "1^
XXXIV
UGHOUT Euphrates' long speech^ Apollonius chap.
that Dion shared his sentiments, for he ^^^^^^
Thro
noticed
manifested his approval both by gestures and the t^J"
applause with which he hailed his words ; so he practicabii-
asked him if he could not add some remarks of his restoration
own to what he had just heard. " By Heaven,
I can," answered Dion, ^'^and I should agree in part
and in part disagreee with his remarks ; for I think
I have myself told you that he would have been
much better employed deposing Nero than setting-
Jewry to rights. But your contention appears to be
that he ought never to have been deposed, on the
ground that anyone who composed the disorder of
his affairs merely strengthened the fellow against
all the victims of his power. I approve however
of the campaign against Vitellius ; for I consider it
a greater achievement to prevent a tyi*anny from
ever growing up, than to put an end to it when it
is established. And while I welcome the idea of a
democracy — for though this form of polity is inferior
to an aristocracy, nevertheless moderate men will
prefer it to tyrannies and oligarchies, — I fear lest
the servility to which these successive tyrannies
have reduced the Romans will render any change
difficult to effect ; I doubt if they are able to
comport themselves as free men or even to lift their
^ Cp. Tacitus, Hist, i, 16 : digniis eram a quo respublica
inciperet.
543
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. eXevOepuit^eiv fJirfre Trpo^ ^rj/jLo/cpariav ava^Xeirciv,
coaTrep ol i/c ok6tov<; e? aOpoov (f>a)<; ^\€^{ravT€<i'
oOev (j)7]/M Seiv Tov fxev l^criXtov i^coOeiv tmv irpa-
y/jbdrcov, Kai w? rd'^LcrTd ye koI dpuara rovro
ecrrai, ycyvecrOco, Sok6l Si /xoi irapaaKevd^eaOai
/xev C09 TToXe/jLijaovTa, iroXepLov Se avrro urj irpo-
KrjpvTT€LV, dWa TtfKopiav, el /xt] /xeOe^ro rijf; dp')(rj(:^
Kav e\r)<; avrov, toutI S* virdp^etv yyovfial croc
/jLTfSe irovqaavTi, BlBov 'VoifJLaiOt^i aipecnv Tr]<; auTMV
TToXLTeta^, Kav fiev alpoivrai Byj/u^OKparlav, ^vy')(oopei'
tovtI ydp (TOL ttoWmv jxev TvpavvlBcov, ttoWojv
Be ^OXv/jLTTidScov /jLel^ov, koX iravra'^ov [lev yeypdyjrr)
Tr](; TToXeo)?, 7ravTa')(ov Be ecrrrj^ec^; ')(^a\KOV<;, i^fiiv
B^ d(j>op/jLd(; 7rapaB(oaet<; Xoycov, al<^ ovre ' Ap/jL6Bi,o<;
ovre ApLo-ToyeiTcov Trapa^e^XrjcreTaL Tt9. el Be
/iovap')(tav TrpocrBe'^ocvTo, tlvl Xolttov dXX! i) (toI
y]rrj(f)Lcraa9ai rrjv dp')(r]V Trdvra^; ; a yap €^(ov ')]Br]
Tft) KOLvw irapTjcreL^y crol Bijirov ^.LoKkov rj erepw
0(oaov(TCV,
XXXV
CAP. XccoTTTj fiev ovv eirl Tovrot<; eyevero, Kal to irpoa-
coTTov TOV paaiXeax; aycova e7reor]Xov ttj^ yp(jo/jLr}<^f
eTrecBrj irdvd^ codTrep avTOKpdTcop '^pTj/xaTL^oyv Te
Kal irpaTTCOv aTrdyecrdac eBoKei tt}? /3ovXr]<i TavTrj<;,
Kal 6 ^AttoXXcovlo*;, " BoKelre fioi^^ elirev,
d/juap-
544
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
eyes to a democracy, any more than people who chap.
have been kept in the dark are able to look on a x^-^i^'
sudden blaze of light. I conclude that Vitellius
ought to be driven from power, and would fain see
this effected as quickly and as well as can be ; I
think however that though you should be prepared
for war, yet you yourself instead of declaring war
against him, ought rather to threaten him M'ith
condign punishment, in case he refuses to abdicate ;
and in case you capture him, as I believe you will
easily do, then I would fain see you gixe the people
of Rome the right to choose their own polity, and,
if they choose a democracy, allow it them. For this
will bring you greater glory than many tyrannies
and many victories at Olympia. Your name will be
inscribed all over the city, and brazen statues of you
be erected everywhere ; and you will furnish us
with a theme for harano^ues in which neither
Harmodius nor Aristogeiton will bear comparison
with you. If however they accept monarchy, to
whom can they all possibly decree the throne except
yourself? For what you already possess, and are
about to resign into the hands of the public, they
will surely rather confer on yourself than on
another."
XXXV
There followed a spell of silence durino- which chap.
wxv
the emperor's countenance betrayed contending
emotions ; for though he was an absolute ruler both encourages
in title and in fact, it looked as if they were tryin o^ } ®*P^f ^"
T 1 • i- 1 • 1 . .' » to make
to divert nnn trom his resolution to remain such ; himself
and accordingly Apollonius remarked : emperor
545
VOL. I. N N
FLAVIUS PHTLOSTRATUS
CAP. rdvecv avaXvovre^; ^acnXea irepl Trpay/ndrcov tjStj
XXX\'
^e/SovXev/juevcov, e? dhokea')(iav KaOiard/jLevoi jxeu-
paKLCoBrj Kol dpyorepav rod Katpov. el fiev yap
€/jloI K€KTr]fjLeva) ^vvafJLLv, OTToarjv ovto<;, koI ^ov-
Xevofxevo), tl Spa>r)v av tov<; dvOpcoirovi; ayadov,
^v/jL^ov\oc Tcbv TOLovTcov iyiyveaOe, Trpovffatvev
av 6 X6709 v/jLlv — al yap (f)iX6(T0(f)0L yvco/jiai tov<;
(f)i,\oa6(f)ov<^ Tcov (iKpoarcov htopOovvraL — dvhpl he
^v/x/BovXevovraf; vTrdro) /cal dpyetv eWiapuevw, Kal
CO eroL/jLov, iireihav eKTreay t^9 dp^i)^;, diroXcoXevaL,
TL Set eiTnrXrjTTeLV, el jjut) BicoOelrai rd irapd tt}?
Tv^r](;, dXXd he^erac /juev avrd rjKOvra, jBovXeveraL
Be, OTTCO^ '^prjaerai acoippovco^i ol? e^et; oiairep ovv,
el dOXr)Tr]v opcovre^; evyjrv^ia re KareaKevaa p,evov
Kal firjKei Kal Tr)v dpfjboviav rod acopLaro^; iTTiTij-
Betov, 69 ^OXvfJLTTLav /SaSi^ovra 3t' ApKaSlaf;, yjBt]
irpoo-eXOovTe^ ejrl fiev Tot'9 dvTL7rdXov<i eppcovvv/jiev,
eKeXevojjbev Be avrov, eireiBdv VLKrjo-rj rd OXv/jLina,
/jLTj KrjpvTTeadat rrj^; vlktj^, firjBe vire')(^eiv T'qv Ke(f>-.
aXrjv Tco kotlvo), Xrjpelv dv eBo^a/juev rj irai^eiv e<;
TOL'9 erepcop ir6vov<;, ovtco^; evdvpLovfievoL rbv
dvBpa, Kal oTTocrrf jxev al^/^V '^^pl clvtov, 07r6<TO<;
Be ^aX/co9 darpdirrei, itXtjOo'^ Be ittttcov oaov,
avTO<; Be 0)9 yevvalo^ re Kal crdxppcov Kal Trpeircov
Karao-'^eLV d Biavoelrat, irefjurcofiev e<f) a copiirjKev
aiaia fxev (f>0eyy6jjievoL 7r/)09 avrop, evcp^jfiorepa Be
546
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
" It seems to me you are mistaken in trying to chap.
cancel a monarchical policy when it is already a ^^^^
foregone conclusion ; and that you indulge a garrulity
as childish as it is in such a crisis idle. Were it I that
had stepped into such a position of influence as he has,
and were I, when taking counsel about what good I
could do to the world, treated to such advice
as you now give, your arguments would carry some
force, for philosophic aphorisms might amend the
philosophically-minded of your listeners ; but as it is
a consul and a man accustomed to rule, M^hom you
pretend to advise, one moreover over whom ruin
impends, if he fall from power, need we carp, if
instead of rejecting the gifts of fortune, he welcomes
them when they come, and only deliberates how to
make a discreet use of what is his ovvn.^ Let us take
a similar case. Suppose we sav>' an athlete well
endowed with courage and stature, and by his well-
knit frame marked out as a winner in the Olympic
contest, suppose we approached him when he was
already on his way thither through Arcadia, and,
while encouraging him to face his rivals, yet insisted
that, in the event of his winning the prize, he must not
allow himself to be proclaimed the victor, nor
consent to wear the wreath of wild olive, — ^should
we not be set down as imbeciles, mocking at
another's labours .
Similarly when we regard the
eminent man before us, and think of the enormous
army at his disposal, of the glint of their brazen
arms, of his clouds of cavalry, of his own personal
qualities, of his generosity, self-restraint, of his
fitness to attain his objects, — ought we not to send
him forward on the path that leads to his goal, with
favouring encouragement, and with more auspicious
547
N N 2
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. TOVT(cv Trapeyyvoovref;. ovre yap e/celvo eveOv-
jLLi]Or]T€, OTt hvolv TTaiSoiv Trarrjp ovto<;, ol arparo-
iriScov rjhrj ap')(ovaiv, ol^ el /jltj irapaSooaec rhv
^PXV^> e^^tcTTOt? ')(pr)a€TaL, koI tl Xolttov, aX)C i)
iKTreiroXe/jLyjaOai Trpo^ rov eavrou oIkov; ttjv Se
dp')(r)v vTToSe^d/jLevo^ OepaTrevaerac jiev vuo tmv
eavTov TralScov, aTypt^erac Be eV avrayp ical iir
avTov ol TralBe^, Bopv^6poi<; he avTOV ^/OT^o-erat,
fia At , ov /jL6fiia6cL>fiepoL<i, ovS' yvayKacr/jLevoL^;,
ovSe 7r\aTTO/ji€voc(; evvovv irpoaoiirov, aXX' eVtrr;-
SeiOTdToi<; re koI (^lKtcltol^.
'EyLtot 7roXLT€La<; jiev ovBe/jLia^; fiekei, ^o) yap inro
T0t9 6eol<^, TTjv Se Tcov dv6 poiirodv ciyeXyv ovk d^cco
^OeipeaOaL %^Tet ^ovkoXov Bi/calov re kuI aco-
cf)povo(;. coairep yap el<i dperfj irpov'^wv ixeOiaTiiaL
Tr]v SijimoKpaTiav e? to evo<; dpSpo*^ rov dplarov
dp^r]p (paiveaOat, ovt(o<; rj €vo<; dpyii TrdvTa e? to
^v/ji(f)6pov rov fCOLVOv irpoopoyaa hrjfJLO<^ iariv. ov
KareXvcra^;, (firjcri, ISlepcopa. av Be, Evcppdra; Alcop
Se; 6760 Be; dW oyLtco? ovBels y/jilv eimrXi^TTeL tovto,
ovB rfyetrai BecXovf^, el (piXoaoc^cov dvBpcov jjuvpla^;
'^Brj icaOeXovTwv TvpavviBa^, d7reXeL(f)0i]fxev rjfxel^
rov Bo^at virep eXevdepia^ ri Trpdrretv. kultoi to
ye eV ep^ol Kal nrapeTaTTopLrjv '7Tpo<; 'HepcDva,
iToXXd fiev KaKOTjOco^ BieXey)(6el(;^ Kal rov wfioTarov
TiyeXXlvov eiriKo^^a^; dKovovra, d Be irepl rd
eaTrepia tmp ^(oplcov dxfyeXovv YilvBtKa, ^epcovc
^ Kayser reads SmAex^fts against the sense.
I
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
pledges for his future than these you have recorded ? chap
For there is another thing you have forgotten, that ^^^^
he is the father of two sons wlio are already in
command of armies, and whose deepest enmity he
will incur if lie does not bequeath the empire to
them. Is he not confronted by the alternative of
embroiling himself in hostilities with his own family?
If however he accepts the throne, he will have the
devoted service of his own children, they will lean
on him and he on them, using them as his body-
guard, and, by Zeus, as a bodyguard not hired by
money, nor levied by force nor feigning loyalty with
their faces only, but attached to him by bonds of
natural instinct and true affection.
" For mvself I care little about constitutions, seeing;
that my life is governed by the Gods ; but I do
not like to see the human flock perish for want
of a shepherd at once just and moderate. For just
as a single man pre-eminent in virtue transforms a
democracy into the guise of a government of a
single man who is the best ; so the government
of one man, if it provides all round for the welfare of
the community, is poj)ular government. You did
not, we are told, help to depose Nero. And did
you, Euphrates, or you, Dion? Did I myself?
However, no one finds fault Avith us for that, nor
regards us as cowardly, because, after philosophers
have destroyed a thousand tyrannies, we have missed
the glory of striking a blow for liberty. Not but that,
as regards myself, I did take the field against Nero, and
in response to several malignant accusations assailed
his cut-throat Tigellinus to his face ; and the aid I ren-
dered to Vindex in the western half of the empire was,
I hardly need say, in the nature of a redoubt raised
549
FLAM us PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Srjirov eireTeiy^i^ov. aXk ovre ifiavTov Bia ravra
(f)7]aci) KaOinprfKevai rov rvpavvov, ovre vfxa<^, iirel
firj ravT eirpdrrere, ixaXaKcoTepov; rfyi^aofxai tov
(f)t\ocro(f)ia 7rpo(T7]KOVTO^. avSpl fiev ovv (j)i\oa6(f)0)
TO eVl voup eXOov elprjaerai, iroirforeTaL Se, oi/jLac,
Xoyov TOV /jbjj TL avorjT(io<^ i) ixavLK(/}<^ elirelv vitcltm
S' ivOvfjLOVjjLevw /caTaKvaat Tvpavvov irpoiTOV fiev
Bel /SofX?}? 7rX€iovo<;, I'v e'f d(f)avov<; irpoa^air) toI^
TTpdy/jiacnv, eiT eiriTr^heiov a')(^r]fjuiT0<; e? to /jltj
Trapop/cetp BoKecv. el yap eV avTov, o? d7re(f)7]vev
avTov crTpaTr)yov koI to to, ^ekTiaTa jSovXevo-etv
Te Kal irpd^eiv oypLoae, jjueWoL ')(pr](TeaOac toi<;
OTrXot?, diroXoyelaOai Brjirov T0Z9 Oeol^; Set irpoTe-
pov, 0)9 ^vv 6(7 ia iirtopKOvvTa, (f)i\cov Te Set irXeto-
vwv, ov yap d'^apafccoTOV<; ye, ovSe d^pdKTOV<; '^prj
TO, TOtaVTa TTpdTTetV, Kal ')(p7]/jtdTCi)V ft)9 7T\ei(7T(tiVy
Iv VTroTTOtrjaatTo Ta9 Svvdfjtet<; Kal TavTa eirtTtOe-
fjievo^ dv6pci)7T(p TO, iv Trdcrrj ttj yfj KeKTrjjuevtj).
Tpt^rj Se 6(711 irepl TavTU, ocrot Se ')(p6vot. Kal
TavTa /Jtev eKSe')(ea6e, ottt] fiovXeaOe, /jltj yap 69
eXey-^ov tcofjuev mv eveOvfirjOfj jxev, €09 eiKOf;, ovto<;,
V '^^X^ ^^ ovSe dyQ)vt(7a/jLev(p ^vveXa/3e' irpb'i Se
eKelvo Tt epetTe; tov yap %^e9 dp^ovTa Kal <7Te(f)-
avov/utevov fiev vtto tcov iroXecov ev tol<; Sevpo
lepot<;, 'X^prjp,aTi^ovTa Se XafxirpM^; Kal d(j)66v(o<;,
550
I
iii
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
against Nero. But I should not on that account chap.
claim for myself the honour of having pulled down ^^^^
that tyrant, any more than 1 should regard your-
selves as falling short of the philosopher's ideal of
courage and constancy, because you did nothing of
the sort. For a man then of philosophic habit it is
enough that he should say what he really thinks ;
but he will, I imagine, take care not to talk like a
fool or a madman. For a consul, on the other hand,
who designs to depose a tyrant, the first requisite is
plenty of deliberation, with a view to conceal his
plans till they are ripe for action ; and the second is
a suitable pretence to save him from the reproach of
breaking his oath. For before he dreams of resorting
to arms against the man who appointed him general
and whose welfare he swore to safeguard in the
council chamber ancj on the field, he must surely
in self-defence furnish heaven with proof that he
perjures himself in the cause of religion. He will also
need many friends, if he is not to approach the enter-
prise unfenced and unfortified, and also all the money
he can get so as to be able to win over the men in
power, the more so as he attacks a man who commands
the resources of the entire earth. All this demands no
end of care, no end of time. And you may take all
this as you like, for we are not called upon to sit in
judgment on ambitions which he may possibly have
entertained, but in which fortune refused to second
him, even when he came to fight for them. What
answer, however, will you make to the following
proposition ? Here is one who yesterday assuined
the throne, who accepted the crown offered by the
cities here in the temples around us, whose rescripts
are as brilliant as they are ungrudging : do you bid him
551
FLAVIUS PFIILOSTRATUS
CAP. TOVTOv iceXevere STjjjLoaia fct^purretv rrjixepov, o)?
XXXV , \ ,/ ,. / ^ 5VV , X >
LOL(t)Tr)<; fxev etr] Xolttov, irapavooiv oe ein rrjv
ap')(r]v rfkOev; oyairep yap eTTireXayv ra SeSoyfxeva
irpoOvjjiov^ Sopv(f)6p6v<;, ol<; Trcarevcov ravr eveOv-
jJirjOt^, TrapaaTT^aerai, ovrco^; e? to /jbeOiaracrOaL
TMV So^dvTcov rjKwv TToXe/jLLO) To3 fiera ravra
aTrio-TOV/jiivfp '^(^pijaerai,.
XXXVI
CAP. "Aa/jL6Vo^ TOVTcov aK0V(7a<; 6 ^adtXev^;, " el rrjv
XXXV 1
'xjrv^ijv, e<pr), " ttjv i/Lirjv a}/c6L<;, ovk av ovrco
cracfyct)'^, a eveOvjJirjOiiv, airrj'yyeLKa^' eTTo/jbai, Bt] aoi,
Oeiov fyap r]yovixai to i/c crov irav, /cal oTToaa ')(^prj
Tov a<ya6ov /SacrtXea irpcLTTCLV BiSacrfce.^^ /cal 6
WttoWcovw;, " ov BiBaKTa /xe/' e^^, " €po)Ta<;'
jSaorikeia yap jieyicrTOV [lev tcov /caT^ avOpwirov^,
dSiSa/CTOV Se. oiroaa S ovv fioL BoKels irpaTTcov
vyi(o<; dv Trpd^ac, fcal Br) (^pdaw it\ovtov rjyov fxr)
TOV diToOeTOV — Ti yap jBeXTioov ovto<; t?}? oiroOevBri
^vveve^Oeiar)^ yp-dfi/jiov ; — firjBe tov (pooTcovTa Trap*
dvOpcoTTCov, ot ra? icrcfyopd^ oXocpvpovTai, Ki/3Br)\ov
yap 6 ')(pV(jo<i Kal /miXav, rjv eV Bafcpucov rjiciy
irXovTcp B^ dv dpcaTa ^aauKewv %pwo rot? [xev
BeojjLevoL^ eirapKcbv, toI<; Be iroWa KeKTrjjjLevot^
'Kape')((ov dcr(f)a\r} tov ttXovtov. to i^elvai aoi
irdv, o TL ^ovXei, BeBcOi, acixppoveaTepov yap avrw
SS2
I
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
issue a proclamation to-day to the effect that for chap.
the future he retires into private life, and only '
assumed the reigns of government in an access of
madness ? As, if he carries through the policy on ^
which he is resolved, he will confirm the loyalty of
the guards relying on whom he first entertained it ;
so, if he falters and departs from it, he will find an
enemy in everyone whom from that moment he must
mistrust."
XXXVI
The emperor listened gladly to the above and chap.
xxxvr
remarked :
If vou were the tenant of my breast, ^ " .
, , . " . , . •' . , ^ espasian is
you could not more accurately report my inmost pleased
thoughts. 'Tis yourself then I will follow, for every ^ggouJlJ;
word which falls from your lips I regard as inspired ;
therefore instruct me, I pray, in all the duties of a
good king." ApoUonius answered : '^'^You ask of me
a lore which cannot be imparted by any teacher ; The Sage's
for kingship is at once the greatest of human attain- kingsWn
ments, and not to be taught. However, I will mention
you all the things which, if you do them, you will in my
opinion do wisely. Look not on that which is laid by as
wealth, — for how is it better than so much sand drifted
no ijaatter from whence, — nor on what flows into your
coffers from populations racked by the taxgatherer,
for gold lacks lustre and is mere dross, if it be wrung
from men's tears ; you will make better use of your
wealth than ever sovereign did, if you employ it in
succouring the poor, at the same time that you render
their wealth secure for the rich. Tremble before
the very absoluteness of your prerogative, for so you
will exercise it with the greater moderation. Mow
553
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. XPV^V- /^V T^A*-^^ Twz^ acrra'^vcov tol'9 vy^Xov^ re
XXXVI ^ / ^ ^ V f ^ , . ,
/cat v'7T€paipovTa<;, adiKO<; yap o rov ApicrTOT6\ov<;
X0709, aXXa TO Bvavovv i^aipeL fxaWov, cocnrep
Ta<^ dKdvOa<; rcbv Xrjicov, koI (fio/Sepos Sofcec T0Z9
vewrepa TrpdrrovcTL fjurj ev tm TiixoopelcrOaL, cOOC
ev Tft) TLjJiMprjcreaOai, v6/jL0<;, 00 /SaaiXev, koI aov
dpykrw a(J0(f)pov6crT€pov yap vo/jLoOeTTjcrec^, rjv /j,r]
virepopa^ rcbv voficov. 6eov<; Oepdireve fxaXkov rj
TTporepov fieydXa fiev yap Trap avrcov el\r)^a<^,
virep fjbeydXoiv Be GV'^y. Kal ra /juev rfj dp'^fj irpoa-
i^KovTa, ft)9 ^aatXev^; irpdrre, ra Se rw cro)/jLaTC, &)9
lBtd)T7]<;. Trepl Se kv^cov Kal fxeOrfq Kal ipcorayv Kal
Tov Sta^e^XrjaOat 7r/909 ra rotavra ri av aoc
Trapatvoirjp, ov (j)a(Ti firiBe icj) rj\tKta(; ravra iirai-
veaat; TratSe^; elai aoc, /SaacXev, Svo Kal yevvaloLy
(W9 (paaiv. ap')(e tovt'cov /judXtcrra, ra yap eKeivot^
dfjuapr^jdevra ere Stjttou hta^aXel. ecrrco Be croi Kal
aireCXTj Trpb^ avrov^, o)<; ou irapaBcoaetf; ttjv dp^ijv
a(j)caLV, el fxr) ttov KaXoi re Kal dyaOol fxeivwaLv,
Xva pur) KXrjpovofJLiav 'qyoivrau rrjv dp')(r)v, d\V
dpeTr]<; dOXa. rd^; Be ep/TroXLTevopbeva^; rjBovdf}^ rfj
'PdypLTf, TToXXal Be avrai,, BoKel puoLy a) ^acriXev,
^vp,p.eTpco<; iraveiv, y^aXeirov yap pbera^aXelv Brjpbov
69 TO dOp6o)<; acocj^pov, dXXd Bel KaT oXiyov
epbTToielv pvOpbov Tal<; yvcop,aL<;, Ta p.ev ipavepcof;, Ta
Be d<pavM<i Biop6ovp,evov. direXevdepayv re Kal Bov-
Xo)v, 01)9 ^ ^PX^ ^^^ BlBcocriv, dveXwpLev Tpvcpijp
554
I
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
not down the loftier stalks which overtop the rest, chap.
for this maxim of Aristotle's is unjust; but try ^^^^^
rather to pluck disaffection out of men's hearts, as you
would tares out of your cornfields; and inspire awe of
yourself in revolutionists less by actual punishment
than by shewing them that they will not go un-
))unished. Let the law govern you as well as them^
O king ; for you will be all the wiser as a legislator for
so holding the laws in respect. Reverence the gods
more than ever before, for you have received great
blessings at their hands and have still great ones to
pray for. In what appertains to your prerogative, act as
a sovereign ; in what to your own person, as a private
citizen. About dice and drink and dissipation and
the necessity of abhorring these vices, why need I
tender you any advice, who, they say, never approved of
them even in youth. You have, my sovereign, two
sons, both, they say, of generous disposition. Let
them before all obey your authority, for their faults
will be charged to your account. Let your dis-
ciplining of them even proceed to the length of
threatening not to bequeath them your throne,
unless they remain good men and honest ; otherwise
they will be prone to regard it not as a reward of
excellence so much as a mere heritage. As for the
pleasures which have made of Roine their home and
residence, and they are many, I would advise you,
my sovereign, to use much discretion in suppressing
them.; for it is not easy to convert an entire people
on a sudden to a wisdom and temperance ; but you
must feel vour wav and instil order and rhythm in
their characters step by step, partly by open, partly
by secret correction. Let us put an end to pride and
luxury on the part of the freedmen and slaves whom
555
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. TO(TovT(p raTTeivorepov avTov<^ i6iaavTe<i (^povelv^
ocro) iJbei^ovo<^ heairorov eicriv. tl Xolttov oKhJ r)
irepl Twv ri'^eybovwv elirelv, o'c e? ra eOvr) (poL-
TMCTLv, ov irepl Mv avTo<; iKTre/jLyjrecs, apLo-TivSrjv
jdp TTOV Ta<; cip')(a<^ hwaei^, aX\a irepl tmv kXtj-
pwaoiievcov to ap-^eiv tovtcov yap tol'9 /nev wpocr-
(f)opov<; TOL<; hOveaiv, a hLe\a')(ov, (f)7]fu Beiv 7re/jb7r€iv,
009 o K\r]po(;, eWrjvL^ovTa^; fiev 'EWr]vtfC(ov ap')(eiVy
p(o/ubat'^ovTa<; Be ofMoyXcorrcov kcu ^vfKfxovcop,
06 ev Be TovT eve6v/x7]67)p, \e^a>' Kara rov^; XP^~
vov^, ov<; ev HeXoTTOvvrjao) BiyrcoijiTjv, rjyetro tt}?
"^EWaSo? avOpcoiTO^ ovk elBax; ra 'EWijvcov, koI
ovB^ ol '^'EX\97^'e9 TL eKeivov ^vvieaav. ea<^r}\.ev
ovv fcal ea^aXrj tcl irXelaTa, ol yap ^vveBpoi re
kg! Kotvcovol Trj<^ ev toI<; BiKacrTijpLOL'^ yvdyiirf^
eKairrfKevov Ta<; BiKa<^ Bia\a(3ovTe^ tov r]yeiJiovay
oicnrep avBpdiroBov. TavTa jjlol, ^aaiXev, irapeaTi^
TTjfjLepov, ei Be tl Kal eTepov eiri vovv eX6oi, itoXlv
^vveXevao/jieOa. vvvl Be Ta TrpocrrjKOVTa ttj cip')(r)
TTpcLTTe, fir) dpyoTepo^; tol<; vtttjkool^; 3o^?79."
XXXVII
CAP. 'O Be FjUCppaTi]';, " toI<^ /xev BeBoy/jLevot^; ^vy^co-
pco, fc(p?7, Ti yap av irXeov fMeTaoLOaaKCdV irpaT-
556
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
your high position assigns to you, by accustoming chap.
them to think all the more humbly of themselves^ xxxm
because their master is so powerful. There remains
only one topic to address you on ; it concerns the
governors sent out to rule yie provinces. Of those
you will yourself select, I need say nothing, for I am
sure you will assign commands by merit ; 1 only refer
to those who will acquire them by lot. In their
case too, I maintain, those only should be sent out to
the various provinces so obtained who are in
sympathy, so far as the system of appointing by lot
allows of it, with the populations they will rule. I
mean, that over Hellenes should be set men who can
speak Greek, and Romans over those who speak that
language or dialects allied to it. I will tell you what
made me think of this. During the period in which
I lived in the Peloponnese Hellas was governed by a
man who knew as little of the Hellenes and their
affairs as they understood of his. What was the
result ? He was in his mistakes as much sinned
against as sinner, for his assessors and those who
shared with him judicial authority trafficked in
justice, and abused his authority as if he had been
not their governor but their slave. This, my
sovereign, is all that occurs to me to-day ; but if
anything else should come into my mind^ we can
hold another interview. So now apply yourself to
the duties of your throne^ lest your subjects accuse
you of indolence."
XXXVII
Euphrates declared his assent to all these con- chap.
elusions,
For," said he, " what can I gain by '
557
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Toc/jit ; ^i\ocro<piav ^e, m jSaatXev, tovtI yap
XoLTTov irpoaeiprjaei, rrjv fxev Kara (f)vcnv eiraiveL
Kol aaird^ov, rijv Be SeoKKvTelv (pdaKOvaav irapai-
Tov, Kara'^evhofJLevoi yap rov Oelov iroWa fcal
dvorjra 77/1.0.9 eiraipovaivr ravrl /lev 7rpo<; rov
AttoWcovcov avTw iXeyero, Be ovSev e7naTpa(f)el<;
diTTjeL juLera rcov eavrov yvcopi/jLcov, Btavvaa^; rrfv
aTTOvBrjv ^oyXopAvov he rov ^v(^pcnov Opaav-
repov Ti irepl avrov Xeyecv, ^vvfj/cev 6 ^aai\ev<;
Kal Sia/cpov6/ji€Vo<; avrov, " io-KaXetre,^' ^cj)?], " rov<;
B€OfJLevov<; r/)? dp')(rj^ Kal diroXa^erco rj ^ovXrj ro
eavrPfi; (T^?/yu.<x."
Ovrco fjuev Sr] 6 ^v^pdr7]<; ekaOe Sta^aXcjv
eavrov, /cal yap /BdaKavo^; re rw /SaaiXel Kal
v^pLarirj<i eSo^e, Kal rov<; Xoyov<i tou? vTrep tt}?
hri[jiOKparia<; oz)^ cb? eyiyvwaKev elprjKai^;, dXX!
€9 dvriXoyiav rov ^ AttoXXcovlov St^ a irepl rrj<;
dp^rj<; iKeivo) eSoKec ov [ir)v dTreppiTrrei avrov,
ovBe eweS^Xov n opyrj<; irpo^i ravra. Kal rov
^icdva ovK eiryvet fjuev ^vvapd/xevov avrw rrjq
yv(o/jL7]<;, ov firjv eiravcraro dyairoiv eTTt^a/ot? re
yap rds SiaXe^ec^ eSoKec Kal ra<; epiSaf; irapyrelro,
oypav re e7re<paLve rol'^ Xoyoi<;, oia rov 7rpo<; rolf}
lepol^ dr/jLOv eKirvel, rrpoarjv he avrw Kal ro
diroo-^^ehLd^eiV aptara dvdpcorrcov. rov Se 'AttoX-
Xcoviov 6 /3aaLXev<; ovk i^ydrra fxovov, aXXa Kau
vTreKecro avro) Suovri fxev rd dp^ala, BLrjyov/xevo)
558
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
continuing to oppose such teaching ? But^ O my chap.
sovereign^ 1 have only one thing left to say^ and ^^^^ ^
that is that while you approve and countenance that seeks fo^^
philosophy which accords with nature, you should PJ^J"^!^^
have nothing to do with that wliich affects a secret against
intercourse with the gods^ for we are easily puffed -^p^^^*^"^"*
up by the many absurdities this lying philosophy
falsely ascribes to providence." The above remark
was aimed at Apollonius, who, how^ever, without
paying any attention to it, departed with his com-
panions as soon as he had ended his discourse. And
Euphrates would have taken further liberties with
his character, only the emperor noticed it and put
him aside by saying, " Call in those who have business
with the government, and let my council resume its
usual form."
Thus Euphrates failed to see that he only
prejudiced himself, and gained with the emperor the
reputation of being a jealous and insolent fellow,
who aired these sentiments in favour of democracy,
not because he really entertained them, but only by
way of contradicting the opinions Apollonius held
in regard to the empire. Notwithstanding, the
emperor did not cast him off or shew any resentment
at his opinions. As for Dion, he did not cease to be
fond of him, though he regretted his seconding the
opinions of Euphrates. For Dion was a delightful Description
conversationalist and always declined to quarrel. *^ ^^"
He moreover imparted to his discourses that sort of
charm which exhales from the perfumes at a
sacrifice ; and he had also, better than any living
man, the talent of extempore oratory. Apollonius The
the emperor not merely loved for his own sake, but lo^^Jf*^^ ^
was ever ready to listen to his accounts of antiquity, Apollonius
559
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Be TOP ^IvSov ^pacoTtjv, irora/jLOix; re avaypd(f)OVTt
KoX Oripia, v(j)^ d>v i) ^IvSlkt] OLKeLrai, TrpoXeyovrt
Ee fcal oTTocra oi Oeol irepl t/}9 (^PX*)^ €(f)aivov.
e^eXavvcov Be T-79 AlyviTTOv ^vv(p/cicrfievy<i re /cal
vea^ovcTTjf;, koli>cl>vov fiev Trj<^ ohov rov ^AttoWcovcov
eTrocelro, tw Be ov/c iSo/cet ravra' AcyvTrrov re
yap, oiroorrj eariv, ovttco ecopaKevai, rot? re Tvp,voL<;,
ovTTco d(f)L'^6aL 69 \oyov, fjLciXa eaTTovhaKa)<; aoc^ia
^\vBiKfj dvTLKplvai XlyviTTLav. " ovhe ^elXov,^^
ecpr], eiTLov, oueu ap^erac. ^vvei^ ovv
(BaaiXev^, on eV XlOioiTLav areXXerai, " rj/iayv
be, (:(p^], ov fie/jLVijar]; vr] Hi , eiirev, fjv
/SaaiXev^; dyaOo^ fiAvr)<; /cal aeavTov fxvqiJLOvevrj^y
XXXVIII
CAP. Mera ravra 6vaa^ 6 l3aaLXev<; ev tw lepw
xxxviir (N \ ■) f -V >-^ / fcvvf/
o(opea<^ eTDJyyetXev avro) oi^fioaia. oe wairep
alrrjaoiv, " riva'; 3e," elirev, *' w /SacnXev, Scoped^;
Sa>cr6t9 ; " " BeKa" ecf^i],
vvv, d(f)i/cofiev(p Be 69
rrjv 'J*(Ofi7]v rd/iid TraVra." fcal o A7roXXa)vio<;,
'* ovKovVy^ e(f)r], " ^eiBeaOai fie ')(^pr) roiv aSiv 0)9
e/jLMV Kal fiT) airaOdv avrd vvv uTroKeiao/jLevd /iol
dOpoa- dXX' e7rL/jLeXy6i]Ti rovrcoi', o) jSaatXev,
fjidXXov, eoLKaac yap Beo/ievoi^;" eBeiKvve Be dpa
Tot'9 irepl Tov Rv(f)pdTriv. 6 jjAv Btj ^aacXev^;
560
LIFE'OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
to his descriptions of the Indian Phraotes^ and to his chap.
graphic stories of the rivers of India, and of the ^^
*^^ '^'
animals that inhabit it ; above all to the forecasts and
revelations imparted to him by the gods concerning
the future of the empire. On quitting Egypt, after
settling and rejuvenating the country, he invited
Apollonius to share his voyage ; but the latter
declined, on the ground that he had not yet seen
the whole extent of Egypt, and had not yet visited
or conversed with the naked sages of that land,
whose wisdom he was very anxious to compare with
that of India. " Nor," he added, " have I drunk of the
sources of the Nile." The emperor understood that
he was about to set out for Ethiopia and said :
"Will you not bear me in mind?" "1 will
indeed," replied the sage,
if you continue to be a
good sovereign and mindful of yourself."
XXXVIII
Thereafter the emperor offered his sacrifice in the chap.
XXXVTII
temple and publicly promised him presents. But T^e Em-
ApoUonius, as if he had a favour to ask, said :
x\nd perors gifts
what presents, O king, will you give me ? " " Ten," E°uphrates
he replied, " now ; and when you come to Rome ^^^ ^ion.
everything I have." And Apollonius answered :
"Then I must husband your riches as if they were
my own, and not squander in the present what is
hereafter to be reserved to me in its entirety. But I
pray you, O king, to attend rather to these gentlemen
here, for they look as if they wanted something."
And suiting his words, he pointed to Euphrates
561
VOL. I. 00
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. eKeXevaeu alrelv Oappovvra^;, ipvOptdaa^ 8e 6
Alcov, ** ScdWa^ov fxe, ^acnXev,'^ eiire,
irpo^i AttoX-
XcovLov 70V BtBdcTKaXov virep o)v avroXeyecv avro)
eho^a, fiTjiTOi) irporepov avreiTrcav T(p dvhpir
iiraiveaa^i ovv 6 ^acnXev<^, " %^^9>" €(f>r)y " rovro
iyo) fjrrjaa koI vTrdp^ei' dXX aoTei virep
hcDpea^y Kol 6 Alcov, " Aaadevrj^^,^^ ecfyr], " icrrl
fjiev ef ^Airajjieia^ T7j<; iv rw ^cdvvoov edvec,
^v/jL(f)cXocro(f)Mv he jjlol ')(Xa/jivSo(; rjpdaOr) koI
(TTpaTLcoTov ^iov' TovTov, eTTecBr) rpl^covof; rrdXiv
ipav <f)r](jLV, dve<; rrjf; (TTpaTeia<;, Belrac Se avro^
ravra. ')(^apcet Se ifiol fiev diro^rivai avrov dvBpa
dyaOov, e/ceivo) Be ^ijv, a)<; jBovXerai.^^ " dveicrdco,^'
€</)?7, " 8iS(o/jiC Be avTw koI rd rcov iarpaTeu/jLevcov,
iireiBr) ao(f>La^ ipa koI crou." koX /xerd rovrov
e9 Tov ^v(f)pdTr)v e7reaTpd(f>ri, ro) Be eTno-roXrj
^vveriraKTo irepl wv jjret. rrjv fxev Brj iinaToXrjV
Mpeyev, a)9 dvayvcoao/jieva) icaO^ eavrov, /SovXTjOel^;
Be 6 jBaaiXev^ irapaBovvai rtva Kar avrov Xoyov
dveyvco Br^jjuoaia Trdcnv' alrcov Be ecfyalvero rd fxev
eavTcp, rd Be erepoi^, /cat rcov Bcopecov at fxev
'X^prjijuara rjcrav, al Be virep 'X^pr^fidrcov. yeXdaa<;
ovv 6 ^KiroXXoavio^, ** elra virep BrjfioKpaTLa<;,^^
^i>V> " ^vvel3ovXeve<i roaavra /jbiXXoyv alrrjaeiv
^aacXea ; "
562
i
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, HOOK V
and his friends. The emperor accordingly pressed chap.
XXXV' III
them to ask boldly what they desired^, whereupon ^
Dion with a blush said : " Reconcile mC;, O king,
with Apollonius my teacher for that I lately ven-
tured to oppose him in argument ; for nev^er till now
have I ventured to contradict him." The emperor,
approving, said : " As long ago as yesterday I asked
for this favour, and it is already granted. But do
you ask for some gift." '^^ Lasthenes," replied
Dion, "of Apamea, a Bithynian city, who was my
companion in philosoj)hy, fell in love with the
uniform and took to a soldier's life. Now, he says,
he longs afresh to wear the sage's cloak, so would
you let him off from the service, for that is the
extent of his own request ; and you will confer
on me the privilege of turning him into a saint,
and on him the liberty of living as he wishes to."
Let him be released," said the emperor, " but I
confer on him the rights of a veteran, since he is
equally fond of wisdom and of yourself." Next
the emperor turned to Euphrates, who had drawn
up a letter embodying his requests, and held it
out in expectation that his sovereign would peruse
it in private. But the latter was determined to
expose him to criticism, so he read it out loud before
everyone ; and it was found to contain various peti-
tions, some for himself, some for others ; and of the
presents asked some consisted of cash down and
others of credit notes. Whereupon Apollonius with
a laugh remarked : " Then your intention of asking
a monarch for all this did not prevent you from
giving him that good advice in favour of democracy."
563
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
XXXIX
CAP. Ta [xev Srj ttj^ Sta(f)Opd^, ?) ' AttoWcovlw re koI
^vcj^paTT] iyevero, roidhe evpov, i^6Xd<javTo<; Be rod
jBacriXeo}'^ KaOi^irrovro aKXifKwv e? to ^avepov, 6
fjb€V ^vcf)pdTr]<;' ^vv op<yfj re koX XotSoplatf;, 6 3' av
(l)i\ocro<p(o(; koI ^vv eXe^^o) fxaXkov. oiroaa fiev
Bt) ^v(j)pdTov KaryjyoprjKev, &)? irapd to TTpeirov
(f)c\o<jo(f)ia 7rpdTT0VT0<;, e^eaTLV ^AttoWcovlov
fxaOelv ifc tmv irpo<^ avTov eTrtaToXcov, TrXetof?
ydp' ifjLol Be dcpCfCTea tov dvBpo^, ov yap eKelvov
BiafBaXelv TrpovOep/qv, dWd irapaBovvai tov
AwoWcoviov ISiov tol<; /jLtJitco elBoat. to /xevToc
irepl TOV ^vXov Xeyofievov, XeyeTat Be eiravaTeiv-
aaOai jxev avTO BtaXeyo/jueva) T(p ' AttoXXcovlo) , jxtj
KaOcKecrOai Be, ol fxev iroXXol BeiVOTrjTC tov
TreTrXtj^o/jbivov irpocrypd^ovaiv, iyco Be Xoyco-fiq)
TOV irXrj^ovTO'^, Bi ov eyeveTO KpecTTCov 6pyrj<=;
veviKr)Kvia<; rjBr).
XL
CAP. 'H Be TOV Atwi/o? <j)iXoao(j)ia pr]TopiKcoT€pa tw
- AiToXXcovi(p e(j)aiveTo kol e? to ev(f>palvov KaTe-
(TKevaafievr) fxaXXov, 66ev BLOp6ov/jLevo<; avTov
(firjatv, " avXo) koL Xvpa /jloXXov t) Xoycp OeXye,
Kal TToXXaxov tmv tt/oo?- Aicova eTnaToXMV
eTnirXrjTTeL ttj Brj/xaycoyla TavTy.
564
I
LIFE OF APOLLOXIIS. BOOK \'
XXXIX
Such I find was the occasion of tlic quarrel chap.
between Apollonius and Euphrates ; and after the ^^^^^
emperor had departed they openly attacked one tween^\poi-
another, Euphrates in his anger resorting to coarse ^o^i^^ and
insults^ which liis antagonist met in a philosophical
spirit^ only refuting him. His accusations, I may
remark, of Euphrates to the effect that his conduct
violated the decencies of the philosophical life, can be
learned from the ej)istles Apollonius addressed to him,
for they are not a few. For myself I herewith dismiss
this gentleman ; for it is no part of my scheme to say
ill of him, but only to furnish with a life of Apol-
lonius those who were as vet ignorant. As to the
tale of the stick, which he is said to have brandished
against Apollonius when he was discoursing, though
Avithout applying it — most people attribute his having
so refrained to the commanding dignity of the man
he was about to strike ; but I prefer to set it down
to the good sense of the would-be striker, and to think
that it was that which enabled him to overcome an
angry impulse which had all but overmastered him.
XL
Dion's philosophy struck Apollonius as being too chap.
rhetorical and overmuch adapted to please and flatter, ^^
and that is why he addressed to him by way of JJj.^g^^'J"^
correction the words : '• You should use a pipe and a Dion.
lyre, if you want to tickle men's senses, and not
speech." And in many passages of his letters to Dion
he censures his use of words to captivate the crowd.
565
FLAVIUS PIirLOSTRATrS
XU
CAP. Xo Be fXTj d(pcKea6ai avrov irapa tov paaiXea
en, fiY)he ^vyyeveaOai ol fiera ttjv AtyviTTOv KaLroi
KokovvTi KoX irXelara virep tovtov 'ypdc^ovri,
oiToBev ^vve^T], SrjXcoaao /SovXofiar Nepcov eXev-
Oepav cK^Yjice rrjv ^RWdBa aco(f)povecrTep6v re
eavTov yvov<;, /cat iTravrjXdov al TroXet? 69 rjOr)
AoypiKo, Kol WrrtKa, Trdvra re dvrj/Srjcre ^vv
ofjLOVoia Tcov TToXeoyv, o /M'ijSe irdXac rj 'EWa? el')(^ev,
OveaTra(Tiavo<; he dcptKo/nevo^; a^e/Xero avryv
TovTO, crrdaei^ 7rpo^aXXo/jLevo<; koI dXXa ovttco t?}?
eVt Toaovhe opyij'^' ravr ovv ov /xovov tol<;
iraOovcriv, dXXa Kai rw ATToXXcovto) iriKporepa
TOV Tf]<; jBaaiXeia^^ ijOov^; eBo^ev, 66ev eireareiXe
Tu> jSacrtXel cbSe'
- A7roXX(ovLO<; Oveo-Tracnav^ ^aauXel 'x^atpeiv.
'ESouXcocro) TTJV FjXXdBa, w? (^aai, kclI irXeov
iiev otei Tc e^etv "E^ep^ov, XeX'r]6a<; Be eXarrov eywv
Ne/)a)i^09* ^epcov yap e^i^v avro Trapynjaaro.
eppcocro.
T« > «
ft) aVTM.
^lal^e^XrifjLevo^ ovtoj 7rpb<;' EWr/z^a?, 0)9 BovXov-
aOai avTov^ eXevOepov^ opra^;, tl e/xov ^vv6vTo<i
Bej) ; eppaxTO.
566
I
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
XLI
I MUST also explain how it came about that he never chap.
approached the emperor again, nor visited him after ^^^^ . ,
1 . . Ti 11 111 • ^ espasian s
their encounter in hgypt, aitliough the latter m- treatment of
vited him and wrote often to him in that sense. ^^^^•
The fact is^ Nero restored the liberties of Hellas
with a wisdom and moderation quite alien to his
character ; and the cities regained their Doric and
Attic characteristics^ and a general rejuvenescence
accompanied the institution among them of a peace
and harmony such as not even ancient Hellas
ever enjoyed. Vespasian, however, on his arrival
in the country took away her liberty, alleging their
factiousness with other pretexts hardly justifying
such extreme severity. This policy seemed not only
to those who suffered by it, but to ApoUonius as
well, of a harshness quite out of keeping with a
royal temper and character, and accordingly he
addressed the following letters to the Emperor :
" ApoUonius to the Emperor Vespasian, Greeting.
" You have, they say, enslaved Hellas, and you
imagine you have excelled Xerxes. You are mis-
taken. You have only fallen below Nero. For the
latter held our liberties in his hand and respected
them. Farewell."
" To the same.
" You have taken such a dislike to the Hellenes,
that you have enslaved them although they were
free. What then do you want with my company ?
Farewell."
567
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
rp />
CAP. Tft) avTco.
XLl * *■
Se avTov<; crTrovSd^cov iSovXcoaco. eppcoao.
Ta fxev Sr) SiajSaXXovra OvecnraaLavov 'AttoX-
\(t)Viw TOidSe iyevero, aKOvcov S' avrov ev Scarc-
dejJLevov Tr}v fiera ravra dp)(^rjv irdaav, ovk d(f)av7j<;
r]v 'xaipcov Koi rjyoTj/jLevo^ eavru) dyaOov irpdr-
XLII
CAP. Sav/jidaiov ^ AttoWcovlov KdKelvo ev KlyviTTW
€00^6' Xeovra rj/jbepov airo pvrrjpo^; r]ye ri^;, oiairep
Kvva, he ov jjlovov tov dyovra yKoXkev, dWd /cal
6(TTL<; TTpoaeXOoL, koi ijjeipe fiev TroWa^ov tmv
TToXecov, Trapyec Be /cal e? ra lepa viro tov Ka6apo<^
elvar ovBe yap to tcov OvojJLevcdv alfia dveXc^^/uaTO,
ouS' eVt TOL hepojievd re Kal pa^t^o/jieva tcov
lepeicov 7jtt€v, dWd jxeXiTTovTai'^ BtrjyeTO Kal
dpToc<; Kal Tpayrjfjbacn Kal Kpeoiv toI<; e(^6ol^,
ivTV^elv Se rjv avT(p Kal olvov ttlvovtl /xt) fieOLCTTa-
fxevcp TOV rj6ov<i. 7rpo<J€\6a)v Se tu> ^ KiroWwviw
KaOrj/jLevo) €9 to lepov Tol<i re yovaaiv avTov irpoa-
eKVv'i^aTo Kal iXcTrdpei irapd 7rdvTa<; dv6pci)7rov<;,
o)? fiev ol TToWol (povTO, fitaOov eveKa, 6 Be 'AttoX-
\(jL>Vio^, " BeiTal fiov,^^ €(f)r), " 6 Xecov dvaBtSd^at vjxd'^,
OTOV dvOpcoTTOV ^jrv'^r)v €%6f eaTi Tolvvv "AyLtao-^?
ovTo<;, /Saackev^ AtyvTTTOv irepl tov ^atTTjv
vojjiovr iirel 8' 7]K0V(Tev 6 Xecov TavTa, dve/3pv-
')(r]aaTo eXeetvov Kal Opr)vcbBe<; Kal coXoc^vpaTO
568
LIFE OF APOLLONIl S. B(X)K V
"To the same. ciiap.
"Nero freed the Hellenes in piny, but you have
enslaved them in'all seriousness. Farewell."
Such were the grounds of Apollonius' taking a
dislike to Vespasian. However^ when he heard of
the excellence of his subsequent acts of government
he made no attempt to conceal his satisfaction^ but
looked at it in the light of a benefaction conferred
on himself.
XLII
The following incident also of Apollonius' stay in chap.
Egypt was thought remarkable. There was a man
» The soul of
led a tame lion about by a strings as it it had been a Amasis in-
dog ; and the animal not only fawned upon him^ habits a
but on anyone who approached it. It went collecting
alms all round the ^owns^ and was admitted even
in the temples^ being a pure animal ; for it never
licked up the blood of the victims^ nor pounced on
them when they were being flayed and cut up, but
lived upon honeycakes and bread and dried fruits
and cooked meat ; and you also came on it drinking
wine without changing its character. One day it
came up to Apollonius when he was sitting in the
temples, and whined and fawned at his knees, and
begged of him more earnestly than it had ever done
of anybody. The bystanders imagined it wanted
some solid reward, but Apollonius exclaimed :
This
lion is begging me to make you understand that a
human soul is within him, the soul namely of
Amasis, the king of Egypt in the province of Sais."
And when the lion heard that, he gave a piteous
and plaintive roar, and crouching dow-n began
569
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. ^vvoK\daa^, SciKpva leU avrd. Karayfrcov ovv
avTOV o A7roXXQ)vco<;, ooKec, ecprj, Tre/jLTreiv tov
Xeovra e? AeovToiroXiv dvaKeccro/jLevov rep lepw,
^acrtXea yap 69 to ^aaiXifccorarov tmv Orjpicov
fjierajBaXovra ovk d^Lco dyeipetv, KaOdirep Tov<i
'TTTCd\ov<^ Tcbv dvOpcoTTcov. ivTevOev ol lepels
^vveX06vTe<; eOvaav rS ^ XpudcnhL, /col Koafjb7]aavT€<;
TO 6r)pL0v (TTpeTTT^ Kol ratvLaL<; irapeTreixirov e?
Tr)v AtyvTrrov avXovvre^; koI vfjLvovvT6<; Koi eir
avrS dBovT€(;.
XLIII
CAP. 'lKavM<; 3e e'X^cov tmv Trepl rrjv ^AXe^dvSpeiav
iareXXero e? Alyvirrov re koI e? AWioiriav eV ^vv-
ovarlav TMV Tv/ivayv. tov p.ev St] ^levcTTTrov, eVetS?)
TMV SiaXeyojMVCov rjBrj iTvyyave koL TrappTjcrca
')(prjcr6ac 8€cvo<; rjv, icaTeXiirev avToOi ecfyeSpov tw
l^v(f)pdTr], Kol TOV Aioo-fcovpiBrjv IScov ovk ippco-
fiiv(o<^ 7rpo9 TTjv dTroBrjfxiav StaKet/jievov Traprj-
TTjcraTO Tr}<; ohov, tov<; 8e Xolttov'; ^vvayayoov, fxeTa
yap Tov<; dTToXnrovTa^; avTov irepl ttjv AptKiav
iTpocreyevovTO 7rX€lov<;€Tepot, hirjet tt/oo? avTov<; irepl
tt}? diTohr]iiia<; ivOevSe dp^d/uL€VO<;' " 'OXvp,7riK7]<;
TTpopprjaeco^,
e(f)7], " heofxai irpo^ vfid<;, m dvhpe^'
'OXv/jlttlkt) Be 7rp6pp7]at<^ rj TOidSe elr] dv HXeZot
TOi'9 ddX7]Td<;, eireihdv t/kt} 'OXvpLina, yvjivd-
^ovcTiV rj/xepcov TptaKOVTa ev avTrj Trj "YiXihi, Ka\
^vvayay6vTe<; avTOv^ 6 jjuev AeX(/>09, ore TivOia, o
he KopLvdLO<;, ore "ladpaa, " iVe," (j)aaLV, " i<; to
(TTdhiov, Kal yiyveaOe dvhpe<; oloi vckuv, HXelot
570
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
to lament, shedding tears. Thereupon ApoUonius chap.
stroked him, and said : " I think the lion ought to '^' '^
be sent to Leontopolis and dedicated to the temple
there, for I consider it wrong that a king who has
been changed into the most kingly of beasts should
go about begging, like any human mendicant." In
consequence the priests met and offered sacrifice to
Amasis ; and having decorated the animal with a
collar and ribbons, they conveyed him up country
into Egypt with pipings, hymns and songs composed
in his honour.
XLIII
Having had enough ot Alexandria the sage set chap.
out for Egypt and Ethiopia to visit the naked sages. XLiii
Menippus then, as he was by now a qualified disputant ^avS^°*^
and remarkably outspoken, he left behind to watch Alexandria.
Euphrates : and perceiving that Dioscorides had not
a strong enough constitution for foreign travel, he
dissuaded him from undertaking the journey. The
rest of his company he mustered, for though some
had left him at Aricia, many others had subsequently
joined him, and he explained to them about his
impending journey and began as follows : —
"^ I must needs preface in Olympic wise my ad-
dress to you, my brave friends ; and the following
is an Olympic exordium. When the Olympic games
are coming on, the people of Elis train the athletes
for thirty days in their own country. Likewise,
when the Pythian games approach, the natives of
Delphi ; and when the Isthmian, the Corinthians
assemble them and say : ' Go now into the arena
and prove yourselves men worthy of victory.' The
571
FLAVIUS PHILOSTRATUS
CAP. Be, iirethav ccoctlv 69 OXvuTriav, SiaXeyovTcu Trpo?
XLTII
TOv<; dOXrjra^; c58e* " el ireTrovrjTai v/jlcv eVafta)?
Tov e? ^OXv/jLTTuav ekOelv koX fiTjSev padvfMOV firjSe
dyevve<; etpyacrTac, ere Oappovvre<;, ot? Se /ly o)Se
7]crK7jTat, '^copelre ol jBovXeaOe.
awrfKav ol ofjbiXTjral tov Xoyov koI Kare/jietvav
d/ji(pl T0f9 6L/coat irapa tw Mez^tTTTro), ol he Xotirol
SeKa, ol/jiac, 6vTe<^, ev^d/jbevoc roL<i 6eol<^ koL olov ifi/3a-
rrjpta ttXov OvaavTe<^, e')(^a)povp ev6v Trvpafiihoyv
errl KayirfKwv oyovybevoi, Se^cov Oefievoi tov ^elXov.
7ro\Ka')(ov Se BteTrXeoTo avToc<^ o TroTafio'; virep
LCTTopia's TO)v ev avTcp irdvTwv, ovTe yap ttoXlv
ovTe lepov ov6^ oirocra Tefievr] KaT AtyvTTTOv,
ovBev TOVTcov dipcovoc 7rapfj\6ov, dW lepov; TLva^i
del Xo-yof 9 BcBacTKOfievoL re kol SiBd(T/covT6<;, /cal t)
vav^i, Tjv e/jL/SaLT] 'A7ro\X<wz^to9, ecpKei OecoplSc.
572
LIFE OF APOLLONIUS, BOOK V
Eleans however on their way to Olyiiipia address the chap.
athletes thus: ^ If ye have laboured so hard as to be '
entitled to go to Olympia and have banished all
sloth and cowardice from your lives_, then march
boldly on ; but as for those who have not so trained
themselves^ let them depart whithersoever they
like.' "
The companions of the sage understood his
meaning, and about twenty of them remained with
Menippus ; but the rest, ten in number, I believe,
offered prayer to the gods, and having sacrificed such
an offering as men offer when they embark for a
voyage, they departed straight for the pyramids,
mounted on camels and keeping the Nile on their
right hand. In several places they took boats across
the river in order to visit every sight on it ; for
there was not a city, fane or sacred site in Egypt,
that they passed by without discussion. For at each
tliey either learned or taught some holy story,
so that any ship on which Apollonius embarked
resembled the sacred galley of a religious legation.
573
INDEX
INDEX
Abae, temple at, visited by
Apollouius, 399
Abinna, the end of Libya, 467
Acliilles, his regard for Nestor and
Phoenix and Odysseus, 367, 369
Achilles' mound at Ilium, Apol-
lonius spends night on it, 367
foU., 377 foil.
Adrastea, goddess of justice, wry-
necks hung up to remind the
Persian kings of her, 77
Aegae, temple of Asclepius at,
frequented by ApoUonius. 17;
pliilosophic schools at, 17 ; seals
at, 157
Aegeon, god of earthquakes, 357
Aegina, risk that Isthmian canal
would flood it, 403
Aegospotami, rain of stones at,
foretold by Anaxagoras, 9
Aeolus, his bag of winds, 255
Aeschines, son of Lysanias, refused
gifts of Dionysius of Sicily, 97
Aesop, discussion of his fables, 493;
his offering to Hermes, 497
Agraulus, temple of, oath of Ephebi
taken in it, 395
Ajax, picture of, by Timomachus,
179; his tomb at Troy, 371
Ajax, name of Porus' elephant, 147,
181
Alexander and Porus, images of in
the temple of the Sun at Taxila,
181
Alexander ascends Mount Nysa in
India alone, 139; dedicates
Porus' elephant, Ajax, to the
sun at Taxila, where Damis and
ApoUonius saw it, 147, 181;
statue of, at Issus, in India, 227;
brass column on river Hyphasis,
where he stopped his Indian
incursion, 229
VOL. I.
Alexandria, horse-racing factions
at. 521
Altars raised to Poverty and Art at
Gadeira, 471
Amnion and Hercules and Athena
Zeus, Cabeu-i and Indian Sun and
Apollo, altars to, in India on the
Hyphasis, 229
Amoebeus and Terpnus, parts acted
by Xero, 477
Amphiaraus the Seer, son of
Oecles, still induces dreams in
Attica and inspires oracles, 215-
shrine of, ApoUonius visits it, 399
Amimionae depicted on embroidery
of Babylon, 77
Amyclae, Apollo of, his statue
among the Brahmans, 257
Anaxagoras wears a fleece at
Olympia, probably as a rain-
making ceremony, 7; his pre-
dictions, 9; abandoned his
property, 35; observed the
heavens from Mount Mimas in
Ionia, 127
Andromeda depicted on Babylonian
embroideries, 77
Animal sacrifices condemned, 519
Animals, parental love among, 155
Antioch and Temple of Daphne
visited by ApoUonius, 43; in-
solence of its inhabitants and
lack of Hellenism there, 345
Antiochus and Seleucus, 109
Antisthenes' relation to Socrates,
Antisthenes of Paros, a Trojan, ex-
cluded by ApoUonius from' his
company as hateful to Achilles
369 (so in Philostratius. Heroica'
18, the shade of Achilles tears
limb from limb, by niglit, a girl
descended from Hector, left by
577
P P
INDEX
a merchant on the shore at the
shade's bidding)
Aornus or Birdless rock near Nysa,
139
Apamea in Bithynia, Lasthenes a
philosopher and soldier of, 563
Aphrodite, piebald women holy to
her in India, 237 ; symbolic
image of, at Paphos, in Cyprus,
345
Apis of Egypt, piebald, 237
Apollo and Athena, Zeus and
Cabeiri, altars to, on the Hypha-
sis, 229
Apollo, his objections to Orpheus
and his oracles, 375; his shrines
at Gryneium, Clarus and Delphi,
375
Apollo of Delos, his statue among
the Brahmans, 257
Apollo, temple of, at Daphne by
Antioch the Great, 43
Apollonius, his letters, 9 ; no v/izard,
9; his parentage and miraculous
birth, 11 ; temple erected to him
near Tyana, 13; a son of Zeus,
15; his education at Tarsus and
Aegae (c. a.d. 16), 15 foh.; his
prayer, 27; beneficence to his
elder brother, 31 foU.; abjures
property and marriage, 33, 35;
his vow of silence, 37 foil. ; at
Aspendus, 41; at Great Antioch,
43 ; his literary style, 47 ; reaches
Nineveh, 51; meets Damis, 51;
claims to know all tongues, 53;
reaches Zeugma, 55; passes
Ctesiphon, 59; letters to Scope-
lianus, 69, 73 ; reaches Cissia and
restores Eretrian tombs, 71;
reaches Babylon, 79; his inter-
view with King Vardanes, 81 -91 ;
letter reporting his conversation
with King Vardanes, 91 ; his
prayer to the gods, 95; refuses
king's gifts, 97; spends a year
and eight months at Babylon,
113; quits Babylon, 119; refuses
date wine, 131 ; crosses the
Indus, 147; reaches Taxila, 167;
interview with King Phraotes,
183 foil. ; his cult of the Sun at
dawn, 217; quits Taxila, 227;
crosses the river Hydraotes and
578
reaches the Hyphasis, 229;
crosses the Indian Caucasus and
reaches the Ganges .plain, 241 ;
reaches Parax, 247; 'reaches the
Hill of the Indian Sages, 249;
his address to the Egyptiaris
about the Brahmans, 257; he
visits the Brahmans, 261 foil.;
a reincarnation of an Egyptian
skipper, 277 foil.; defends the
Greeks from the charge of being
the slaves of Xerxes, 299 ; refuses
hospitality of an Indian king,
307; discusses the World Soul
with the Brahmans, 307 foil. ;
his works on astral divination
and on sacrifice, the latter
written in Cappadocian, 321 ;
accepts magic rings from lar-
chas, 321 ; spends four months
with the Brahmans, 335 ; returns
to the Red Sea, 335; writes
a farewell letter to the Brahmans,
337; revisits Vardanes, 345; re-
visits Nineveh, 345; reaches
Antioch, 345; sails to Cyprus
from Seleucia, and thence to
Ionia, 345; reaches Ephesus,
349; he cures the sick, 349;
I)redicts pestilence and goes to
Smyrna, 355; prayers against
plague and earthquakes, 355,
357; miraculously translated to
Ephesus, 365; quells plague at
Ephesus, 365 ; goes to Pergamum,
367; to Ilium, 367; interview
with shade of Achilles, 369;
popular opinion of him as a
saviour, 371; visits Methymna
in Aeolia and repairs torub of
Palamedes, 373; traverses Eu-
boean Sea, 375 ; arrives at Athens,
385 ; is refused initiation at the
Eleusiaian mystery, 387 ; exor-
cises demon in a youth who
mocked him, 391 ; visits Thermo-
pylae, 399; visits Dodona,
Pythian temple. Abac, shrines of
Amphiaraus and Trophonius and
temple of Muses on Helicon,
399; visits the Isthmus and
predicts Nero's cutting of it.
401; confounds a Lamia at
Corinth, 403; attends the
INDEX
Olympia (A.D. 61). 409; letter
to tlie Spartan ephors, 411;
rebukes a vulgar panegyrist of
Zeus, 417; proceeds to Lace-
demon, 419 ; sails from Malea to
Cydonia in Crete and visits
Gortyna and Ida, 428, 429;
reaches Aricia, where he reproves
Philolaus, 431 : enters Kome.
44-1; his prayers. 445; interprets
tlie thunderbolt which startled
Nero, 453; examhied by Tigel-
linus, whom he strikes blind, 455 ;
raises a girl from the dead, 459;
at Gadeira, 467 foil.; interview
with Governor of Baetica, 485;
returns by Libya to Lilybaeuiii
and Messina, 487; interprets
three-headed baby at Syracuse,
491; at Catana, 491; stays in
Sicily, 503; returns to Greece,
503; reaches Athens by way of
Leucas and Leclieum. 503;
sails from Piraeus for Ionia, 505 ;
reaches Chios, 509; reaches
Rhodes, 509; dialogue with
("anus, a fluteplayer, 509 foil.;
reaches Alexandria, 515: pre-
dicts there the acquittal of a
bandit, 517; admires the temple
of Alexandria, 519; offers the
image of a bull, 519; condemns
horse-racing factions, 521 ; meets
Vespasian in Egypt, 523; con-
verses with him on kingship, 527 ;
shows second sight in regard to
the burning of the temple on the
Roman capitol, 533; criticises
Dion and Euphrates, 533 foil.;
urges Vespasian to become
emperor, 545 ; his letters to Dion ,
565; why he quarrelled witli
Euphrates, 565; his letters to
Vespasian, 567; recognises soul
of Amasis in a tame lion, 569;
sets out with ten companions for
Ethiopa to visit the Naked
SageSj 571
Apparitions of spectres, 455
Arabians conceded to Rome certain
villages near Zeugma, 109
Arabs teach ApoUonius the bird
language, 57
Aichelaus, king of Cappadocia,
iiitiigiies against Rome, 31 (this
Archelaus was t'ne la.st king of
Cappadocia, from li.c. 36-A.D.17,
when he died in Rome. Apol-
lonius' life at Aegae must there-
fore have begun some time
previous to A.D. 17)
Arctuxus, rising of (two days before
the Ides of September, according
to Pliny, Nat. Hist, xi, § 16), 503
Aricia, grove of, ApoUonius reaches
it on way to Rome, 431
Aristippus of Cyrene refused gifts,
97
Armenian tongue kno^vn to Damis,
5.3
Armenians left villages at Zeugma
to Romans, 109
Arsaces, king, dedicates a leopard
to the Xysian god, Dionysus, 121
Art, Indian, at temple of Taxila,
169; ideal and imaginative, not
merely mimetic, 175 foil.
Artaphernes beleaguering Eretria
in the embroideries of Babylon,
77
.Vrtemis of Perga, her hymns
transposed in the Aeolian and
Pamphylian modes by Damo-
phyle, 87
Asbama, miraculous well at Tyana,
15
Asclepius, his temple at Aegae,
17 foil.; recommends Apol-
lonius to his priests, 21 ; his art
based on science of divination,
327; temple of, in Pergamum,
367 ; honoured at the Epidaurian
festival at Athens. 387
Aspendus in Pamphylia on the
Eurymedon, corn famine there
arrested by ApoUonius, 39
Assyrian with dropsy resorts to
temple of Asclepius at Aegae, 21
Athene Polias, her statue among
the Brahmans, 257
Athene Providence or Pronoia,
altar to on the H5T)hasis, 229
Athenians, addicted to many sacri-
fices, 389; their conduct of the
festival of Dionysus rebuked by
ApoUonius, 393
Athens, ApoUonius arrives at during
the Epidaurian festival, 385;
579
r i'2
INDEX
gladiatorial shows there on Acro-
polis stopped by Apollonius, 397
Athos, piercing of, depicted in the
embroideries of Babylon, 77
Athos. Anaxagoras and Thales ob-
serve heavens from, 129
Atlas, mountain of Libya, 149
Attic dialect learned by Apollonius.
15
Attica, linen robes worn by the
ancient inhabitants, 225
Averting god, statue of erected at
Ephesus by Apollonius, 367
Babylon and Susa, magi there, 49
Babylon, its fortifications and
palaces described, 75 foil. ; image
of king over gate. 79; Musonius
of, imprisoned by Nero, 431
Babylonian khig, Apollonius xe-
fuses homage to his image, 79;
sacrifices a horse to the Sun, 89
Babylonian palace embroideries, 77
Baetica, Roman governor of seeks
an interview with Apollonius, 485
Baetis, river and province of, 475
Balara, its myrtles and dates, 341
Balm, a nuptial, used in India, 233
Banquets of Indian king, 189
Bas-reliefs of the mares of Diomede
and of labours of Hercules at
Gadeira, 473
Bassus, a parricide of Corinth,
reviled Apollonius, 409
Baths, hot, disapproved of by
Apollonius, 47
Bells on ships to scare away the
seals, 343
Biblus, isle of in Red Sea, 339
Birds, recipe for acquiring their
language, 57
BirthT miraculous, of Apollonius, 15
Blood of sheep used by Odysseus,
XI. 34, in evoking shades, 377
(cp. Heliodorus, Ethiopica, vi.
14)
Brahman and Hyrcanian sages.
Apollonius resolves to visit them,
49
Brahman banquet, 291
Brahmans, their hill fortress de-
scribed, 253; their levilation In
w^orshipping the Sun, their ex-
tract of sunlight, poverty, long
580
hair, miraculous springs and
costumes of flax, 257 foil.
Brahmans of India, 7
Bronze of the Pegadae, 339
Brotherhood or religious society
formed by Apollonius, 427 ; many
forsake him at Aricia from fear of
Nero, 435 ; others join him, 571 ;
leaves twenty with Menippus at
Alexandria and starts with ten
for j:thiopia, 573
Byssus, how it grows, 169
Cabeiri, altar to on the Hyphasis,
229
Calchas, his predictions in Homer,
65
Callicratidas of Arginusae, his de-
scendant at Sparta reformed by
Apollonius, 421
Calligraphist accompanies Apollo-
nius to Nineveh, 51
Calpis, 467
Camels, speed of, 129; use of in
India, 223; white camels of
Pliraotes on the Indus, 225
Canus, flutist of Rhodes, 509
Caphereus in Euboea, 71
Cappadocia under King Archelaus,
31 ; badness of the Greek there
spoken, 15 (cp. Philostratus,
Vitae Sophistarum, ii. 13)
Cappadocian language, Apollonius
writes a work on Sacrifice in it,
321, 389
Carian slaves, 283; flocks fed on
figs, 341
Carman, Indians of, live on fish, 341
Cassander of Macedonia, 99
Catana, Apollonius visits, 491
Caucasus beyond tlie Hypliasis and
stretching to tlie Red Sea, 237;
cinnamon shrubs on, 237
Canca.?us traversed by Apollonius,
on way from Babylon to India,
115, 119, 123
Celts, ocean tides among, 469
Chariot with four poles of Alex-
ander, 227
Chase of animals, condemned by
ApoUonins. 107
Chios, Apollonius reaches, 509
Chrysippus, school of at Aegae, 17
Cilicia, the rich criminal of, re-
INDEX
Jected by Asclepius, 25; an im-
moral governor of, assails Apol-
lonius at Aegae, 29; and is
executed for intriguing with
Arciielaus against the Romans, 31
Cinnamon of Caucasus, attracts
goats, 237
Cissia, region close to Babylon,
settlement of Eretrians in by
Darius, 67, 69 foil. (Cissia was
the country round Susa, due east
of Babylon. Hence ApoUonius
"diverged from the high road,"
p. 69, to Babylon in order to visit
the Eretrian settlement there)
Cittium, city of Philolaus the
philosopher, 431
Clarus, oracle of Apollo at, 375
Claudius, emperor, his weaknesses,
523
Clazomenae, Scopelianus the so-
phist of, letter of ApoUonius to
him about the Eretrians, 69, 73
Clouds, figures of animals discerned
among clouds in the sky, 175
ClytJadae, a prophetic family, 519
Cockcrow, Achilles' ghost flees at,.
385
Cockle of Biblus in the Red Sea, 339
Colonus, Acharnartians of, 395
Colophon, oracle of, testifies to
wisdom of ApoUonius, 349
Communism inculcated by sparrow
at Ephesus, 351
Cophen river, 129; crossed by
ApoUonius, 135
Corcyra, a youth of, exorcised by
ApoUonius, 389
Cosmos and elements and world
soul, discussed between Apol-
lonius and the Brahmans, 307 foil.
Crates, pliilosopher of Thebes, 35
Cresphontes, play of, 479
Crete, ApoUonius warned in a vision
to visit Crete, the Nurse of Zeus,
427
Ctesiphon, Median frontier station
at, 59; Eunuch satrap of, offers
supplies to ApoUonius for his
journey, 61
Cycnus slain by AchiUes, 369
Cydnus, river at Tarsus, 17
Cydonia, port of ivnossus, visited
by ApoUonius. 427
Cydoniatis, an island arises near
by, between Thera and Crete,
429
Cyparissus, an Assj-rian youth in
legend of Daphne, 43
Cyprus visited by ApoUonius, 345
Damis joins ApoUonius at Nineveh,
51 ; his knowledge of Armenian,
Persian and Median tongues, 53 ;
his diary written in barbarous
Greek, 53 ; regards ApoUonius as
a demon or god, 53 ; forbidden to
visit the magi with ApoUonius,
79; wishes to accept gifts, 97;
partakes of wine and flesh, 131 ;
recognises ApoUonius as snper-
humanly wise and good, 325 ;
owes his Hellenism to him, 325;
the witness to the story of the
Lamia at Corinth. 409
Damis of Nineveh, liis memoirs of
ApoUonius, 9, 11, 53; wrote
down the more important dis-
courses of ApoUonius, 389
Damophyle, a Pamphylian musi-
cian and friend of Sappho, 87
Dancing by Athenians disguised as
Hours or Nymphs or Bacchants,
condemned by ApoUonius, 393
Daphne of Antioch, Assyrian legend
of, 43
Daridaeus, after 88 years a suc-
cessor of Darius (? i. 9, Artax-
erxes' Mnemon), 71
Darius settles Eretrians in Cissia,
69; sacrificed to Justice, 83
Date wine refused by ApoUonius,
but drunk by Damis, 131 foU.
Datis plucking Naxos out of the
sea, depicted in embroideries of
Babylon, 77
Dead, a girl raised from the, by
ApoUonius in Rome. 457
Delphi, Indian silver disc dedicated
by Indians tliere to Dionysus, 137
Demeter and Dionysus, images of,
worn on body, 507
Demetrius coiulemned bathing and
public baths, 449; ApoUonius
meets him again at Athens, 503 ;
finds Musoaius digging Nero's
canal, 503
Demetrius, Cynic of Corinth, men-
S8i
INDEX
tioned by Favorinus, follows
ApoUcnius, 403. (He was a
friend of Thraseas and Seneca)
Democritus, his intercourse with
magi, 7
Demon expelled by ApoUonius over-
throws a statue at Athens, 391
Demoniac possession. A boy pos-
sessed by an amorous demon who
hated women, and saved by a
letter from larchas, 317; demon-
iac Corcyrean mocks at ApoUo-
nius at Athens and is exorcised,
390, 391; Tigelhnus regards
ApoUonius as a demon, 4.55
Demons, i. e. supernatm-al beings
or spirits, sometimes good, some-
times bad. Damis regards Apol-
lonius as one, 53
Didyma, oracle of, testifies to
wisdom of ApoUonius, 349
Dion, 523 ; doubts the possibUity of
a restoration of the Roman
Republic, 543; his good nature
and eloquence, 559; ApoUonius
criticises his tendency to flatter
in a letter, 565
Dionysus and Hercules assail India
and fail, 205
Dionysus, festival of, in month
Anthesterion at Athens, 393;
image of. worn on person, 507
Dionysus of Limnae, his statue
among the Brahmans, 257
Dionysus of Nysa in India, 121,
133 ; not the same as the Theban,
137; expedition of latter to India,
137 ; silver disc dedicated to him
at Delphi by Indians, 137; son of
the Indus river, 137
Dioscorides, disciple of ApoUonius,
left at Alexandria by ApoU-
lonius, 571
Dioscorus, sons of, in the Greek
Dioscoridae. They are coupled
with another band, called Phae-
dimi, and appear to have been
religious brotherhoods of some
kind, attracted into the orbit of
ApoUonius but otherwise un-
known to us, 367
Divination, impeded by wine-drink-
ing, 209 foU.; by disc of rising
8\in, 519
Dodona, visited by ApoUonius, 39'J
Domitian, his struggle at Rome
with Vitellius seen by ApoUonius
in Alexandria, 533
Dragons of India described, 243
foU.; how caught by charms,
247 ; mystic stones in their eyes,
247 ; their heads stored at Parax,
247
Dragons, on the Acesines, 161
Dream interpreters, 215
Dream of ApoUonius warning him
to visit Crete, 427
Dreams, favourable in Temple of
Asclepius, 367
Eagle in Prometheus legend, 123
Eagle stone drives away snakes,
155
" Ears " of the king at Babylon
81 '
Earthquake in Crete, 420; at
Smyrna, Miletus, Chios, Samos
and the lades, 357
Ecbatana, i)Iain of, 73; walls of,
shown to ApoUonius by Var-
danes. 111
Eclipse of sun (? a.d. 64) in Rome.
451
Egypt, Upper, its religious societies,
515
Egyptian sea trade with India by
way of the Red Sea, 311
Egyptians traduced the Greeks in
India, 303; warn Nero of the
dangers of an Isthm.ian canal. 401
Elephants, their docUity, 141 foil.;
lament over their subjection by
night, 145 ; how used in war, 147';
Libyan, 147 ; tlieir great age. 147 •
their tusks, 151 ; and tricks, 151 ;
their sagacity in crossing a river!
153, 159
Eleusinian mysteries, ApoUonius
denied initiation as being a
wizard, 387; ApoUonius is initi-
ated, 503
Elis, letters of ApoUonius to, 9;
people of, their skUful conduct
of the Olympic games, 415
Empedocles of Acragas, claimed to
be a god, 5; sacrificed a pastry
bull at Olympia, 5; consorted
with magi, yet no magician, 7
5'^^
INDEX
Emperor Tiberius' statues in Aspen-
dus, 41
Empusa or hobgoblin on the Indus,
123
Enceladus, fable of, at Etna, 499
Enodia or goddess of the crossways,
her shrines accommodate ten
worshippers, 373
Ephesian plague demon in form
of a blind beggar. 365
Ephesus, its inhabitants welcome
Apollonius, 349 ; their effeminacy
rebuked by Apollonius, 351 ;
pestilence at, predicted by Apol-
lonius, 355
Ephors of Sparta, letter of Apol-
lonius to, 411
Epiciu-us, school of at Aegae, 17
Epidaurian festival at Athens, 385
Eretrians settled in Cissia by
Darius, 69, 71 ; their tombs
restored by Apollonius, 71 (see
Herodotus, vi. 119); King Var-
danes promises to protect them,
103
Erythras, King, gave his name to
the Eed Sea, 311, 337
Ethiopians derived their wisdom
from India, but, after murdering
King Ganges, were expelled, 271
Etna, Apollonius visits, 493;
legends about it, 493, 499;
explanation of by Apollonius, 501
Euboea, seafight in the Hollows of,
73
Eudoxus of Cnidiis refused gifts,
99
Eunuchism discussed by Apollonius
with Damis, 95, 105
Euphorbus of Troy reincarnated in
Pythagoras, 3
Euphranor, artist, 169
Euphrates and Dion, 523 foil.
Euphrates, his libels on Apollonius,
35; rebuked by Apollonius, 185;
urges Vespasian to restore the
republic, 537 ; accuses Apollonius
of imposture in claiming to hold
intercourse with gods, 559 ; asks
for a largess of Vespasian, 563;
his mercenary instincts blamed
by Apollonius, 563, 565
Euphrates joins the NUe in Egypt,
57 ; mouth, 345
Em:ipides, Bacchae, 980, cited, 395 ;
Andromache, v. 418, cited, 157
Euthydemus of Phoenicia teaches
letters to Apollonius at Tarsus,
17
Euxeuus of Heraclea in Pontus,
a Pythagorean teacher at Aegae,
17; asks Apollonius why he
wrote no book, 37
Exomis of flax worn by Brahmans,
2G1
Exorcism of a demon by a letter.
317; an evil spirit is sent into a
statue, which falls, 391 ; Apol-
lonius questioned by TigeHinus
about his exorcisms, 455
Fabricius, name of a citizen of
Smyrna, 357
Fates, questions of Apollonius to
AchUles dependent on their
approval, 381 ; submissiveness
to, of Apollonius, 489
Favorinus (ft. under Hadrian)
mentioned Demetrius the cynic,
403
Figs of Caria, 341
Fish, food for cattle in Stobera, 341 ;
salted in Pontus, 341
Flax or land wool used by Brah-
mans, 261
Fleece, use of in connection with
rain, 7
Flute-playing discussed by Apol-
lonius with C'anus of Khodes,
509
Flutes made of skin of a stag or
a donkey, 511
Foreknowledge, gift of, possessed
by the Brahmans, 251, 263;
discussion of, 323; of Damis,
325; of Apollonius in regard to
sparrows, 351 ; in regard to
pestilence at Ephesus, 355;
Apollonius questioned by Tigel-
linus about his prophesies, 457;
due to divine inspiration and
not to magic in case of Apollonius,
489 ; foresees sinking of a Sicilian
ship, 503 ; prophecy in regard to
his initiation, 503
Frankincense offered to the sun
by Apollonius, 89; by Pj^ha-
goras, 3 ; see vol. ii. 339
58;
INDEX
Gadeira, ApoUonius leaves Rome
for, 463; short twilight at, 469;
altars of poverty, art and
Hercules of Egypt at, 471 :
Hellenism of, 471, 483
Gaetuli, 467
Gaius emperor, his Bacchic frenzy
and Lydian costumes, 535
Galba's strumpet sons, Otho and
Piso, 537
Games of Hellas, 99, 101
Ganges, 205 ; canals, plain irrigated
by, 241
Ganges, king of India, slain by the
Ethiops, 271; his virtues, 273;
fixes in the ground seven swords
of adamant, 275
Gem-collector in Rliodes, 513
Geryon, his cows, 471 ; trees of, 473
Ghosts tortured by wizards, 489
Girdle of Teucer of Telamon at
Gadeira. 473
Gladiatorial shows stopped in
Athens by ApoUonius, 397
Glutton of llhodes rebuked, 515
Gods, Brahmans affirm themselves
to be such, 269
Golden water spring in India, 329
Gortyna visited by ApoUonius, 429
Greeks abused by an Indian king
and defended by ApoUonius, 291
foil.
Greek tongue used by the Brah-
mans, 251 ; statues and rites in
India, 257
Griffins that search for gold, sacred
to the sun, incapable of long
flights, 333
Gryneium, oracle of Apollo at, 375
Hair, long, of ApoUonius, 21; of
Achilles sacred to the Spercheus,
379
Hare released in a room to cure
a woman who suffered in child-
birth, 319
Harpists of Nero in Eome, 441
Helen, her phantasm only at Ilion,
383
Heliad poplar (the Heliades, sisters
of Phaethon and turned into
poplars, shed tears of gold), 473
Helicon of Cyzicus, refused gifts
97
Hellanodicae ten in number, 297
Hellas, ApoUonius advises Ves-
pasian to send there only heUen-
ised governors, 557
HeUas, favoured by Nero, but
chastised unjustly by Vespasian,
567
Hellenism at Gadeira, 471, 483
Hephaestus, legend of, at Etna, 501
Heraclea in Pontus, home of
Euxenus, teacher at Aegae, 17
HeracUdae of Euripides read by
Phraotes, king of India, 201
Heraclitus, a saying of, 23
Hercules and Dionysus, their
Indian campaign repelled by
the Brahmans, 205, 253 ; the
Egyptian, not the Theban
Hercules, visited Gadeira, 207 ;
altars to, at Gadeira, 471-3;
at Erythea near Gadeira, 471.
Hercules or Heracles, brother of
Amnion, altar to, on the Hypha-
sis, 229
Hestiaeus, brother of ApoUoniu.-?,
by whom his morals are reformed,
33
Homer cited, 37, 65 : Iliad, 2. 308,
243 ; 18. 375 quoted, 289 ; 24. 797
cited, 369 ; 4. 451 cited, 521 ; 13.
130 cited, 441; Od., 20. 18, 37
Horse of Nisaean breed sacrificerd
to the Sun by King Vardanes, 89!
Horse-racing factions at Alexandria
condemned by ApoUonius, 521
Hours, singers at Atliens danced
disguised as Hoiurs or as nymphs,
393
Hydraotes, river in India, to-day
\he Ravi, 137, 163; crossed by
ApoUonius, 229
Hyphasis, river, 199; marked the
limit of Alexander's Indian cam-
paign, 229; its coiurse described,
233; its fire worms, 235; its
precipitous course into the Red
Sea, 337
llyrcanian sages, ApoUonius
resolves to visit them, 49
Hyrcanian and Scythian wares,
507
lamidae, a family of Prophets ia
Elis, 519
584
INDEX
larchas, chief Brahman, letter of
Pliraotes to, 225; his metal
throne, 261; his prescience, 263;
his religious rites, 265; affirms
the Brahmans to be gods, 269;
a reincarnation of King Ganges,
275; his letter to an amorous
demon, 317; his miraculous
cures, 317 foil.; gives seven magic
rings to Apollonius, 523
Ichor, or mother of pearl, 343
Ida in Crete, visited by Apollonius,
429
Ilium, tombs of Achaeans there
visited by Apollonius, 367
Image seller refuses Apollonius as
a passenger in his ship for Ionia,
507
Incantations and anointings of
wizards, 489
Indian king abuses the Greeks and
is rebuked by Apollonius, 291
foil.; identifies himself with the
Sun, 293
Indian magic tripods, Apollonius
never tried to understand them,
489
Indian rites performed at midday
by Apollonius, 533
Indian sages never subject to
Alexander, 203 ; live between the
Hyphasis and Ganges, 205
Indian training in Philosophy, 195
Indus river, tall men upon it, 123;
described, 165; its resemblance
to the Nile, 167 ; sacrifices of bulls
and black horses to it, 167, 199;
Patala situated at its mouth, 339
Influenza, outbreak of in Rome.
453
Inscriptions of Hercules at Gadeira,
473
lo, idol of, at Xineveh, 51
Ionia, Apollonius sails from Piraeus
for, 505
Ippola in Baetica, anecdote of a
tragic actor at, 483
Islands of the Blessed, oflf Libya,
471
Isthmus of Corinth, Apollonius
visits it and predicts Nero's
attempted cutting of it, 401
Isthmian Canal of Nero, 481
Ivory, different kinds, 149
Ixion, 209
Jerusalem, siege of, 525
Jews polluted Judaea, 525; the
enemies of mankind, 541
Juba, king of Libya, on age of
ehphants, 149; on aid rendered
by them one to the other, 161
Julia, empress, sets Philostratus to
edit Damis's memoirs, 11
Kadus natives, or CadusU in the
modern Gilan, their tongue
kno'ATi to Damis, 53
Labyrinth of the minotaur at
Knossus, 427
Lacedaemon, built without protect-
ing walls, 111
Lacedaemonians, long hair of, 261
Ladon, river of Antioch, father of
Daphne, 43
Lamia at Corinth confoimded by
Apollonius, 403 foil.
Lasthenes of Apamea, freed from
military service, at Dion's request,
by Vespasian, 563
Leben slirine and promontory, so-
called because it resembles a lion,
429 ; Libyan pilgrimages tliither,
429
Lechaeum, Nero begins Isthmian
canal at, 401 ; Apollonius reaches
on his way to Athens. 503
Leonidas, tomb of, at Pylaea, 399
Leopards of Armenia, their love of
the gum of the Styrax, 121 ; of
Arsaces, 121
L'ese Ma jest' committed by a master
who struck a slave on whose
person was a coin of Tiberius,
41 (cp. Tacitus, Annal, iii. 36;
Sueton., Tiberius, ch. 58; Acta
Pauli et Theclae)
Letter of Apollonius to the Indians
about tides, 469 ; to Dion, 565
Leucas, Apollonius touches at, 503
Levitation of the Brahmans during
their prayers to the Sun, 257, 265
Libations poured out over the
handle of a cup. 391
Libya, described, 467
Libyan pilgrimages to shrine of
Lieben in Crete, 429
585
INDEX
Lilybaeura, ApoUonius. touches at,
487
Linen diess of Indians, 169
Linen worn by old inhabitants of
Attica, 225
Lion, a tame lion recognised by
ApoUonius as a reincarnation of
King Amasis, 569 foil.
Long hair of Brahmans, Spartans
and people of Thurium and
Tarentum and Melos, 261
Lotus attracts goats, 237
Lucullus, name of a citizen ot
Smyrna, 365
Lychnites or Light-stone drives
away snakes, 155
Magi, or wizards of Babylon, 7;
visited by ApoUonius, 79, 91;
Damis is forbidden to visit them,
79
Magi of Babylon, Susa, 49
Magnetic stone, 329 ; same as the
Pantarbe, 331
Malea, port of departure for Rome,
427
Marriage, Pythagoras defended it
ApoUonius abjured it, 35
Martichoras, the, or man-eater, 329
Maximus of Aegae, a biographer of
ApoUonius, 11 ; a secretary of the
Emperor (Tiberius), 31
Medes and Persians, their tongue
known to Damis, 53
Median fasliion and pomp of a
drunken king, 287
Megabates, brother of Kmg Var-
danes, sees ApoUonius in Antioch,
87
Megistias the Acarnanian, 399
Melians, theh long hair, 261
Melicertes and Pelops worshipped
as gods by Greeks, 301
Memnon and Cycnus slain by
AchUles, 369
Memory of ApoUonius, lo; his
hymn to Memory, 37
Menippus the Lycian, pupil ot
Demetrius, falls in love with a
Lamia at Corinth, 403; follows
with ApoUonius to Rome un-
daunted by Nero, 437 ; restrained
by ApoUonius from abusing Nero,
453; accompanies ApoUonius to
Gadeira, 475; discusses fables of
Aesop, 493 ; left at Alexandria to
watch Euphrates, 571
Menon, pupil of Herod the Sophist,
an Ethiop, 251
Merchant life unworthy of a
Spartan, 423
Merus or Thigh mountain near
Nysa in India, sacred to Dionysus,
137
Mesopotamia, description of, its
situation and inhabitants, 55:
not subject to Rome when
ApoUonius visited it, 57
Messina, ApoUonius hears there of
Nero's flight, 487
Methynma in Aeolia, tomb of
Palainedes there repaired by
ApoUonius, 373
MUlet and sesame of Ganges region,
241
MUo, statue of at Olympia, ex-
plained by ApoUonius, 413
Minos, judge in Hades, 285;
"accounted unjust by ApoUonius,
429
Miracle of healing a lame man, 317 ;
of healing a blind man, 317 ; of
healing a paralytic, 319; of heal-
ing a woman wlio suUered in
labour, 319; of bringing a girl
back to life, worked by ApoUonius,
457
Miraculous translation of Pytha-
goras from Thurii to Meta-
pontum, and similar translation
of ApoUonius from Smyrna to
Ephesus, 365 (cp. bk. viii, ch. 10)
Mnestheus, sacrificed to at Gadeira,
471
Moeragenes, wrote four books on
ApoUonius, 11 ; mentioned work
of ApoUonius on divination by
means of stars, 321
Molossiau dog, plague at Ephesus
takes form of, 367
IMuses and Nereids, 381
Muses, temple of, on Helicon,
visited by ApoUonius, 399
Musonius of Babylon, imprisoned
by Nero, 431 ; correspondence in
prison with ApoUonius, 459;
set to dig out the Isthmian canal
in chains, 505
i
586
INDEX
Mycale, Mount, the limit of the
Caucasus, 119; tlie observatory
of Thales on it, 127
Myrrh used in pearlfishing, 343
Naked sages of Erthiopia, 571
Naked sophists, or gymnosophistae,
of Egypt, 7
Naxos, plucked up out of the sea
by Datis (cp. Herodotus, vi. 96),
77
Nearchus on the river Acesines,
161; his voyage to Patala, 339
Nereid, a demon of Selera, 341
Nereids, their dirges at the tomb
of Achilles, 381
Nero attempts to sever the Isthmus
of Corinth, 401; a competitor
at the Olympic and Pythian
games, 401 ; opposed to philo-
sophers whom he suspected of
magic, 431 foil. ; ApoUonius
exhorts his followers not to fear
him, 439 ; his harpists, 441 ; his
musical compositions, 443 ; opens
a new gymnasium in Rome (a.d.
60), 449 ; sings naked in a tavern
at Rome, 451 ; has influenza and
loses his voice, 453; a thunder-
bolt cleaves the cup in his hand,
453 ; liis voice, 457 ; departs to
Greece, 463 ; his fear of the
Elean whips, 477; he acts parts
of Amoebeus and Terpnus, of
Creon and Oedipus, 477 ; his
terrorism, 481 ; his canal through
the Isthmus, 481 ; wins prize at
Olympia, 481; discussed by
Vespasian and ApoUonius, 527.
529; restored the liberties of
Hellas, 567
Nile, ApoUonius saUs up witli ten
companions, 573
Nile gauges, 523
Nominativus pendens in Philo-
stratus, 375 (ch. xiv, ad finem)
Nysa in India, home of Dionysus,
121 ; shrine on it described, 135
Oaths confirmed by holy well at
Asbama, 15; by weU on Ml of
the Brahmans, 255 *
Oenomaus, play of, 479
Oeta. Mount, 399
Olympia, deferred by Nero, 477
Olympic games. ApoUonius invited
to, 401 (for Olympiad 210, A.D.
61) ; ApoUonius attends them,
409
Olynthus, 101
Oreitae, land of, its bronze, 339
Orichalcus, Indian coins of, 131
Orpheus, with a peaked cap in the
embroideries of Babylon, 77;
shrine of at Lesbos, visited by
ApoUonius, 374 ; his head brought
from Thrace, 375
Orthagoras, his erroneous account
of the Red Sea, 339
Otho dies in West Galatia, 491
Otho, strumpet son of Galba, 537
Owl's eggs, use of to cure propensity
to drink wine, 319
Painting, discussion of between
ApoUonius and Damis, 173 foil.
Palamedes, a reincarnation of,
among the Brahmans, 277 ; tomb
at Methymna restored by Appol-
lonius,373 ; he really went to Troy,
383
Pamphylia visited by ApoUonius,
39
Panegyrist of Zeus, rebuked by
ApoUonius, 417
Pangaeus, mountain used by Thales
and Anaxagoras to observe
heavens from, 129
Pan-Ionian sacrifices at Smyrna,
355; the Pan-Ionian cup of
Ubation, 357
Pans aid Hercules and Dionysus
to attack the Brahmans, 253
PanUirhe stone, 331
Parable of the Ship of State, 363
Parax, a city of India, 247
Parrots, 19
Parthenon, attracted birds into its
vestibule, 141
Patala, a city at the mouth of the
river Indus, 339
Patroclus, his remains buried with
those of AchUles, 381
Peacock fish in the Hyphasis, 233
Pearls Of the Red Sea, 339; how
fished for, 343
Pegadae in the land of the Oreitae,
their bronze, 339
587
INDEX
Pelops enslaved Arcadia and
Argolis, yet worshipped by
Greeks, 301
Pepper trees of the Indian Caucasus
harvested by apes for the Indians,
239
PergamuKi slirine testifies to wisdom
of ApoUonius, 349 ; frequented
by whole of Asia, 429
Pergamum visited by ApoUonius,
367 ; temple of Asclepius there,
367
Pharion of Alexandria, rescued by
ApoUonius, 517
Pharos island, abode of Proteus,
281
Philolaus, philosopher of Cittium,
warns ApoUonius not to face
Nero, 431 foil.
Philosophers persecuted by Xero
as magicians, 431
Philosophy, liow studied in India,
195
Philostratus, his sources for the
life of ApoUonius, 9, 11, 53
Phoenix, legend of, 333
Plu'aotes, king of India, his palace
and style of living, 183; talks
Greek, 187 ; his palestra and
bath, 189; his banquet, 189;
history of his accession, 197 foil. ;
his judgment about the treasure
found underground, 219 foil.;
^^Tites in behalf of ApoUonius to
larchas, chief Brahman, 225
Phjrton of Rliegium refused gifts
of Dionysius, 97
Picture-collecting in Rhodes, 513
Pillars of Hercules described, 467,
469
Pious One, the Place of the, on
slopes of Etna, 501
Pirates of Phoenicia, 279 foil.
Piso, strumpet son of Galba, 537
Pitch well in Cissia, 69
Plague demon at Ephesus in form
of an old beggar who changes
into a dog, 363 foil.
Plato, visit to Egypt, 7 ; school of,
at Aegae, 17; refused gifts in
three voyages to SicUy, 97
Polygnotus, artist, 169
Polyxeiia, her suicide on tomb of
Achilles, 381
- 88
Pontus, salt fish of. 341
Portico of the king of Athens,
391
Poms and Alexander, their exploits
depicted by Greek artists at
Taxila, 169
Porus, his magnanimity, in refusing
to sacrifice to the Indus against
Alexander, 171
Poseidon, Lord of Safety, 363
Prayers of ApoUonius. 27, 95, 445
Prediction, power of, possessed by
ApoUonius, 7; by Socrates, ",';
by Anaxagoras, 9
Presents, ApoUonius declines Vespa-
sian's, 561 ; Euphrates asks for
them, 563
Prometheus bound on the Caucasus
and rescued by Hercules, 123
Proteus, reincarnate in ApoUonius,
13; lived in Pharos. 281
Provmcial governors should under-
stand the language and manners
of the provinces to which they are
sent, 557
Pygmalion's golden olive at Gadeira
473
Pylaea (Thermopylae), Thessalian>?
transact Amphictyonic business
at, 399
Pj-thagoras, his metempsychosis,
3, 269 ; repudiated animal sacri-
fice, 3 ; his intercourse witli gods,
3; an emissary of Zeus, 5; cu
the river Acesines, 161 ; miracu-
lously transferred from Thurii
to Metapontum, 365; spiritual
ancestor of ApoUonius, 377
Pji;hian temple, visited by Apol-
lonius, 399
Eain produced by wearing of a
fleece, 7
Realgar well, 255
Red Sea (or Indian Ocean), 237. 273
Red Sea named after King Erythras,
311, 337; Orthagoras' ' errors
about it, 339 ; change of positions
of stars as seen from it, 339
Reincarnation of Euphorbus in
Pythagoras, 3, 269; of Proteus
in ApoUonius, 13 ; of Palamedes
in a Brahman youth, 277; of
an Egyptian skipper iu Apol-
INDEX
lonins, 279 foil.; of King Amasis
in a tame lion, 569 foil.
Relic cult in antiquity; head of
Orpheus, 375; girdle of Teucer,
473
Religion, inseparable from a pure
morality, 27, 29
Rhodes, the colossus criticised by
Apollonius, 509; Canus, flut«-
player there, discussion on flute-
playing, 509; the nouveau-riche
there rebuked, 513
Rings, magic rings for each day of
the week, given by larclias to
Apollonius, 323
Ritual purity, with abstention from
wearing of skins, from flesh diet,
of Pythagoras, Empedocles, Apol-
lonius, 3-7. 9i
Roman embassy to Vardanes about
villages near Zeugma, 109
Roman governor of Greece illtreats
the Lacedaemonians, 425
Roman names in Ionia objected to
by Apollonius, 355
Roman provincial governors, their
venality, 283
Rome, religious revival under Nero
there, due toApoUonius, 449
Sacrifice, Apollonius' treatise on to
be found in temples and in houses
of the learned. 321
Sacrifices, bloodless offered by
Apollonius at the tombs of the
Achaeans in lUum, 367; and of
Achilles, 377; barbaric, of
wizards, 489
Salex, river of Libya, 467
Samothrace, Cabeiri of, altar to
them in India. 229
Satrap of Ctesiphon, his interview
with Apollonius, 59
Scopelianus, letter of Apollonius to,
69. 73
Scvlax on shadow-footed men, 331
Scj-thia never visited by Apollonius
for purposes of venery, 35
Seal confined in circus at Aegae
bemoans her dead whelp, 157
Seals frightened off ships by use of
bells, 343
Second sight of Apollonius : dis-
cerns the innocence of Phariou
condemned to death as a bandit,
517; sees the burning of the
capitol by Vitellius, 531
Selera, a sacred isle oflf Balara, 341
Seleucia, seaport near Antioch, 345
Semiramis, her tunnel imder the
Euphrates at Babylon (cp. Dio-
dorus Siculus, ii. 9), 75
Serpents or dragons. Arabs, by
eatii^g their hearts or livers,
imderstand the language of birds,
57
Shades, Indian and other methods
of evoking, 377 ; their varying
size in apparitions, 379
Shadow-footed men, 331
shield of Hercules, dedicated by
the Brahmans, 205
Ship of State, a parable of Apol-
lonius, 363
Ships in full sail imitated by
Athenian pantomimists, 395
Shorthand writer accompanies
Apollonius to Nineveli, 51
Shrines of Enodia accommodate ten
worshippers, 373
Sicily, Apollonius stays there
teaching philosophy, 503
Silence, Pythagorean* discipline of,
endured by Apollonius, 37 ; rites
connected with, 45
Simonides, his memory, 37
Skirt-dancing at Athens, 395
Smyrna, sends deputation to
Apollonius, 349; Pan-Ionian
festival at, Apollonius present,
355 ; blames citizens for use of
barbarous Roman names. 356;
beauty of the city does not com-
pensate lack of civic duty, 357
Socrates, his genius, 7
Soncs of the street -corner in Athens,
389
Sophocles, his paean in honour
of Asclppius, 267 ; Antigone 450
cited, 441
Sparrow, story of. at Ephesus, by
way of inc\dcating communism,
351
Sparta, effeminacy of. rebuked by
Apollonius, 411 ; Apollonius
visits it, 419 ; advice to a young
descendant there of Callicratidas,
not to engage in mercantile
INDEX
pursuits, 421 foil.; citizens of,
rebuked by the emperor, 425;
ApoUonius's stay there, 427
Spercheus, Achilles' hair dedicated
to, 379
Speusippus of Athens recited
marriage songs of Cassander in
Macedonia, 99
Statue of Zeus by Pheidias in
Olympia, 359 ; of Milo, explained
by Apollonius, 413
Statue thrown down by a demon
expelled by Apollonius at
Athens, 391
Stobera, a city of Fish-eaters, 341
Styrax, gum of, sought for by
leopards, 121
Sun, temple of, at Taxila, described,
181; worsliipped by Phraotes,
185; temple of, 203; of India,
altar to, on Hyphasis, 229;
divination by examination of
disc of rising sun, 519
Sunlight, extract of, worshipped by
night by Brahmans, 259
Surrogate bull of wax consumed on
altar by Apollonius, 519
Susa, Magi of, 49
Swans assist at birth of Apollonius,
13
Swords, seven of adamant fixed in
ground to avert monsters, 275
Symbolic figures of the gods in
barbarous shrines, 181
Symbolic image of Aphrodite, 345
Symbolism of numbers denounced
by Apollonius, 295
Sympathetic magic, use of a hare
to cure a woman suffering in her
labours, 319
Syracuse, three-headed child born
there and interpreted by Apollo-
nius, 489
Syria, Roman governor of, sends
embassy to Vardanes about
villages near Zeugma, 109
Tantalus, Brahman image of, as a
cup-bearer, 285 ; unfairly treated
by Greek poets, 285 ; his miracu-
lous goblet, 305, 337 ; gardens of,
407
Tarentum, long hair worn at, 261
Tarsus, frivolity of its inhabitants,
17
Taurus mountains described, 119
Taxila in India, aged elephant of
Porus at, 147 ; Apollonius arrives
there, 167 ; porphyry temple there,
169; Greek artistic treasures
there, 169; houses at, described,
Telesinus, C. Lucius, consul a.D.
66, interviews Apollonius and
discusses religion, 445; studies
philosophy with Apollonius, 451
Telliadae, descendants of Tellias
a seer of Elis, whose statue was
set up in Delphi, 519
Temples kept shut in Home, 447
Teucer of Telamon's girdle at
Gadeira, 473
Thales of Miletus observed heavens
from Mycale, 128
Themistocles, cult of at Gadeira
471 '
Theophany to be arranged for
Apollonius at Sparta (as if he
were a god), 419
Thera, a new islet is formed between
Thera and Crete by an earth-
quake, 431
Thermopylae depicted in the
embroideries of 'Babylon, 77
Thessalian cloak worn by shade 01
Achilles, 379
Thessalians neglect tomb of
Achilles, 379; Apollonius goes
to them in behalf of Achilles and
Palamedes, 397
Three days' visit permitted by
Indian king, 181
Three-headed child at Syracuse,
interpreted by Apollonius of
Galba, Vitellius and Otho, 491
Thunderbolt portends birth of
Apollonius, 15
Thurium, long hair worn at, 261
Tiberius, reverence for statues and
coins of, in Asia Minor, 41 ; in-
human regime, 535
Tides among the Celts, 469
Tigellinus, Nero's minister, dogs tlie
steps of Apollonius, 451; im-
prisons and examines Apollonius
about his exorcisms, 455; re-
leases Apollonius, 457; Apollo-
nius assails him, 649
Tiger's loins eaten, in royal ban-
quet, 189
1
INDEX
Tigresses of the lied Sea, their
parental instincts, 15o
Timomachus, picture of Ajax by,
179
Tingae, 467
Tmolus, mount, in Lydia, 135
Tripod of Apollo at Delphi, 375
Tripods, automata of Brahmans,
291
Trophonius, shrine of, Apollonius
visits it, 399
Troy, discussion of heroes of
between Apollonius and larchas,
269
Tiunblers at Indian banquets, 191
Twilight long among the Celts, 469
Tyana, a Greek city in Cappadocia,
the home of Apollonius, 11
Typho, fable of, at Etna, 493, 499
Tyrants, Euphrates on, 539
Tsrrhenes, their ships, 335
Unicom asses in India, 235
Vardanes, or Bardaues, king of
Babylon, receives Apollonius
(Vardanes died c. A.i). 49; the
exact length of his reigu over
Parthia is not kno'tt'n, probably
from A.D. 45-49. Apollonius
reached him two years and eight
months after his accession, c.
A.D. 47), 83, 87; he addresses
Apollonius in Greek. 91; dis-
putes possession of villages near
Zeugma with Rome, 109; writes
to the satrap of the Indus to
provide a boat for Apollonius,
163 ; revisited by Apollonius, 345
Vespasian at Alexandria, 523 foil.,
meets Apollonius, 525; discusses
Nero with Apollonius. 527 ; and
Vitellius, 529; Apollonius re-
views his position and future,
547 foil., Apollonius advises him
how to rule, 553 ; he invites
Apollonius to accompany him to
Rome, 561; his ill-treatment of
Greece calls forth protest of
Apollonius, 567
Victims and blood offerings to tiie
dead, abjured by Apollonius. 73,
89, 91 ; see vol. ii. 339
Villa in Rome worth twelve talents,
513
Vindex. liis campaign against Nero,
485; his death, 487; his revolt
from Nero, 541, 549
Vines of Ganges district, 241
Vitellius, 491 ; his effeminacy, 529 ;
burns down the temple of Jupiter
on the capitol, 533; his profli-
gacy, 539 ; the ape of Nero, 541
Vitellius, Otho and Galba, why
compared by Apollonius to the
Thebans, 487
Wind and rain, dispensed from
jars by Brahmans, 255
V>'ine, Apollonius renounces, 19;
an impedimeait to clear dreams
and divination, 209 foil.
Wizard, or magus, denial that
Apollonius was one, 7 foil.
{see Magi) ; Apollonius as such
denied initiation at the Eleusi-
nian mysteries, 387
Wizardry, not the explanation of
the foreknowledge of Apollonius.
489
Wool of sheep abjured by Apollo-
nius, following rule of Pytha-
goras, 3, 91 {see vol. ii. 307)
Wormwood or Absinth round
Babylon, 63
WrjTieck or hmx hung up in court
of justice in Babylon (cp. book
VI., ch. ii.. vol. ii., p. 53, v.here
we read that golden figures of the
wryneck were hung up in the
Pj-thian Temple), 77
Xerxes, his victories depicted in
the embroideries of Babylon, 77;
his defeats at hand of Greeks, 301
Zeugma, the bridge over the
Euphrates (between Antioch
and Edessa), anecdote of Apollo-
nius at, 55 ; villages near Zeugma
claimed against Romans by
Vardanes, 109
Zeus of Olympus, altar to, on
Hyphasis, 229
Zeus, how invoked by ApoUonius,
411; Apollonius invited by
Spartans to be a guest of their
Zeus, 419
Zeuxis, art resembling liis at
Taxila, 169
END OF VOL. I.
591
Richard Clay and Sons, Limited,
bkunriwkk street, stamford street, s.e., and
bungay. suffolk.
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THE IMSTlTUfE OF MEDIAEVAL STUDIES
59 QUEEN'S PARK CRESCENT
TORONTO - 5, CANADA