Therapy
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Therapy (often abbreviated tx or Tx) is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a diagnosis. In the medical field, it is usually synonymous with treatment (also abbreviated tx). Among psychologists and other mental health professionals, including psychiatrists, psychiatric nurse practitioners, and clinical social workers, the term may refer specifically to psychotherapy or talking therapies. The English word therapy comes via Latin therapīa from θεραπεία and literally means "curing" or "healing".
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By therapy composition
Treatments can be classified according to the method of treatment:
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By matter
- by drugs: pharmacotherapy, chemotherapy (also, medical therapy often means specifically pharmacotherapy)
- by medical devices: implantation
- by specific molecules: molecular therapy (although most drugs are specific molecules, molecular medicine refers in particular to medicine relying on molecular biology)
- by specific biomolecular targets: targeted therapy
- by chelation: chelation therapy
- by specific chemical elements:
- by metals:
- by heavy metals:
- by gold: chrysotherapy (aurotherapy)
- by platinum-containing drugs: platin therapy
- by chromium: phonemic neurological hypochromium therapy
- by biometals
- by heavy metals:
- by nonmetals:
- by diatomic oxygen: oxygen therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (hyperbaric medicine)
- by triatomic oxygen (ozone): ozone therapy
- by fluoride: fluoride therapy
- by other gases: medical gas therapy
- by metals:
- by water:
- by biological materials (biogenic substances, biomolecules, biotic materials, natural products), including their synthetic equivalents: biotherapy
- by whole organisms
- by viruses: virotherapy
- by bacteriophages: phage therapy
- by animal interaction: see animal interaction section
- by constituents or products of organisms
- by plant parts or extracts (but many drugs are derived from plants, even when the term phytotherapy is not used)
- scientific type: phytotherapy
- traditional (prescientific) type: herbalism
- by animal parts: quackery involving shark fins, tiger parts, and so on, often driving threat or endangerment of species
- by genes: gene therapy
- by epigenetics: epigenetic therapy
- by proteins: protein therapy (but many drugs are proteins despite not being called protein therapy)
- by enzymes: enzyme replacement therapy
- by hormones: hormone therapy
- by whole cells: cell therapy (cytotherapy)
- by stem cells: stem cell therapy
- by immune cells: see immune system products below
- by immune system products: immunotherapy, host modulatory therapy
- by immune cells:
- by humoral immune factors: antibody therapy
- by monoclonal antibodies: monoclonal antibody therapy
- by serum: serotherapy, including antiserum therapy
- by immune globulins: intravenous immunoglobulin therapy
- by plant parts or extracts (but many drugs are derived from plants, even when the term phytotherapy is not used)
- by urine: urine therapy (some scientific forms; many prescientific or pseudoscientific forms)
- by food and dietary choices:
- medical nutrition therapy
- grape therapy (quackery)
- by whole organisms
- by salts (but many drugs are the salts of organic acids, even when drug therapy is not called by names reflecting that)
- by salts in the air
- by natural dry salt air: "taking the cure" in desert locales (especially common in prescientific medicine; for example, one 19th-century way to treat tuberculosis)
- by artificial dry salt air:
- low-humidity forms of speleotherapy
- negative air ionization therapy
- by moist salt air:
- by natural moist salt air: seaside cure (especially common in prescientific medicine)
- by artificial moist salt air: water vapor forms of speleotherapy
- by salts in the water
- by mineral water: spa cure ("taking the waters") (especially common in prescientific medicine)
- by seawater: seaside cure (especially common in prescientific medicine)
- by salts in the air
- by aroma: aromatherapy
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By energy
- by electric energy as electric current: electrotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy
- by magnetic energy:
- by electromagnetic radiation (EMR):
- by light: light therapy (phototherapy)
- by gamma rays: radiosurgery
- by radiation generally: radiation therapy (radiotherapy)
- quackery type: electromagnetic therapy (alternative medicine)
- by mechanical: manual therapy as massotherapy and therapy by exercise as in physiotherapy and exercise therapy
- by sound:
- by ultrasound:
- ultrasonic lithotripsy
- sonodynamic therapy (largely pseudoscientific)
- by music: music therapy
- by ultrasound:
- by temperature
- by heat: heat therapy (thermotherapy)
- by moderately elevated ambient temperatures: hyperthermia therapy
- by dry warm surroundings: Waon therapy
- by dry or humid warm surroundings: sauna, including infrared sauna, for sweat therapy
- by moderately elevated ambient temperatures: hyperthermia therapy
- by cold:
- by extreme cold to specific tissue volumes: cryotherapy
- by ice and compression: cold compression therapy
- by ambient cold: hypothermia therapy for neonatal encephalopathy
- by hot and cold alternation: contrast bath therapy
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By human interaction
- by counseling, such as psychotherapy (see also: list of psychotherapies)
- by cognitive behavioral therapy
- by family therapy
- by education
- by physical therapy/occupational therapy, massage therapy, chiropractic or acupuncture
- by lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding unhealthy food or maintaining a predictable sleep schedule
- by coaching
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By animal interaction
- by pets, assistance animals, or working animals: animal-assisted therapy
- by horses: equine therapy, hippotherapy
- by dogs: pet therapy with therapy dogs, including grief therapy dogs
- by cats: pet therapy with therapy cats, including Oscar
- by fish: ichthyotherapy (wading with fish), aquarium therapy (watching fish)
- by maggots: maggot therapy
- by worms:
- by internal worms: helminthic therapy
- by leechs: leech therapy
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By meditation
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By reading
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By creativity
- by expression: expressive therapy
- by play: play therapy
- by art: art therapy
- by gardening: horticultural therapy
- by dance: dance therapy
- by drama: drama therapy
- by recreation: recreational therapy
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By sleeping and waking
- by deep sleep: deep sleep therapy
- by waking: wake therapy
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See also
- Classification of Pharmaco-Therapeutic Referrals
- Cure
- Interventionism (medicine)
- Inverse benefit law
- List of therapies
- Greyhound therapy
- Mature minor doctrine
- Medicine
- Medication
- Nutraceutical
- Prevention
- Psychotherapy
- Therapeutic inertia
- Therapeutic nihilism, the idea that treatment is useless
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