Timeline of hypertext technology
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This article presents a timeline of hypertext technology, including "hypermedia" and related human–computer interaction projects and developments from 1945 on. The term hypertext is credited to the author and philosopher Ted Nelson.
See also Graphical user interface, Multimedia; also Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine's Mundaneum, a massively cross-referenced card index system established in 1910.
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1940s
- 1941
- 1945
- Memex (concept by Vannevar Bush)
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1960s
- 1960
- Project Xanadu (concept)
- 1962
- Marshall McLuhan's The Gutenberg Galaxy uses the term surfing
- 1967
- Hypertext Editing System (HES) by Andries van Dam and Ted Nelson at Brown University
- 1968
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1970s
- 1972
- 1973
- 1976
- 1978
- 1979
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1980s
- 1980
- ENQUIRE (not released)
- 1981
- Electronic Document System (EDS, aka Document Presentation System)
- Kussmaul Encyclopedia
- Xerox Star desktop
- 1982
- 1983
- Knowledge Management System (KMS, successor to ZOG)
- TIES (The Interactive Encyclopedia System, later HyperTies)
- 1984
- 1985
- Intermedia (successor to FRESS and EDS)
- Symbolics Document Examiner (Symbolics workstations)
- 1986
- 1987
- Macromedia Authorware
- Canon Cat ("Leap" function, interface)
- HyperCard
- Knowledge Navigator (concept described by former Apple Computer CEO John Sculley in his book Odyssey)
- Storyspace
- 1988
- 1989
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1990s
- 1990
- DynaText
- World Wide Web
- Hyperland (BBC documentary written by Douglas Adams)
- ToolBook
- HyTelnet
- WinHelp
- 1991
- 1995
- 1996
- Hyperwire (Kinetix)
- 1998
- 1999
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2000s
- 2001
- 2014
- OpenXanadu, an implementation of Project Xanadu
- 2019
- Gemini, a lightweight complement to the Web
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Timeline of hypertext technology" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
