Totenpass  

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Totenpass (plural Totenpässe) is a German term sometimes used for inscribed tablets or metal leaves found in burials primarily of those presumed to be initiates into Orphic, Dionysiac, and some ancient Egyptian and Semitic religions. The term may be understood in English as a “passport for the dead.” The so-called Orphic gold tablets are perhaps the best-known example.

Totenpässe are placed on or near the body as a phylactery, or rolled and inserted into a capsule often worn around the neck as an amulet. The inscription instructs the initiate on how to navigate the afterlife, including directions for avoiding hazards in the landscape of the dead and formulaic responses to the underworld judges.


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For further research

  • Bernabé, Alberto, and Ana Isabel Jiménez San Cristóbal. Instructions for the Netherworld: The Orphic Gold Tablets. Boston: Brill, 2008.
  • Bernabé, Alberto. "Some Thoughts about the 'New' Gold Tablet from Pherai." Zeitschrift Für Papyrologie Und Epigraphik 166 (2008): 53-58.
  • Comparetti, Domenico, and Cecil Smith. "The Petelia Gold Tablet." The Journal of Hellenic Studies 3 (1882): 111-18.
  • Dickie, M.W. “The Dionysiac mysteries in Pella.” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 109 (1995) 81–86.
  • Edmonds, Radcliffe. Myths of the Underworld Journey: Plato, Aristophanes, and the 'Orphic' Gold Tablets. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Ferrari, Franco, and Lucia Prauscello. "Demeter Chthonia and the Mountain Mother in a New Gold Tablet from Magoula Mati." Zeitschrift Für Papyrologie Und Epigraphik 162 (2007): 193-202. Print.
  • Freh, J. “Una nuova laminella “orfica.'” Eirene 30 (1994) 183-184.
  • Graf, Fritz, and Sarah Iles Johnston. Ritual Texts for the Afterlife: Orpheus and the Bacchic Gold Tablets. New York: Routledge, 2007.
  • Guthrie, W. K. C. Orpheus and Greek Religion: A Study of the Orphic Movement. Princeton, N.J: Princeton UP, 1993.
  • Linforth, Ivan M. The Arts of Orpheus. New York: Arno, 1973.
  • Marcovich, M. “The Gold Leaf from Hipponion.” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 23 (1976) 221–224.
  • Merkelbach, Reinhold. “Ein neues 'orphisches' Goldblaiittchen.” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 25 (1977) 276.
  • Merkelbach, Reinhold. “Zwei neue orphisch-dionysische Totenpässe.” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 76 (1989) 15–16.
  • Merkelbach, Reinhold. “Die goldenen Totenpässe: ägyptisch, orphisch, bakchisch.” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 128 (1999) 1–13. (A collection of examples providing the Greek texts with German translation, also line drawings of Egyptian examples.)
  • Rohde, Erwin. Psyche: The Cult of Souls and Belief in Immortality Among the Greeks. New York: Harcourt, Brace &, 1925.
  • Zuntz, Günther. Persephone: Three Essays on Religion and Thought in Magna Graecia. Oxford: Clarendon, 1971.



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