Supreme Court of the United States
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The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States of America. It has ultimate and largely discretionary appellate jurisdiction over all federal and state court cases that involve a point of federal law, and original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases, specifically "all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party."
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Selected landmark Supreme Court decisions
- Marbury v. Madison (1803, judicial review)
- McCulloch v. Maryland (1819, implied powers)
- Gibbons v. Ogden (1824, interstate commerce)
- Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857, slavery)
- Plessy v. Ferguson (1896, separate but equal treatment of races)
- Wickard v. Filburn (1942, federal regulation of economic activity)
- Brown v. Board of Education (1954, school segregation of races)
- Engel v. Vitale (1962, state-sponsored prayers in public schools)
- Abington School District v. Schempp (1963, Bible readings and recitation of the Lord's prayer in U.S. public schools)
- Gideon v. Wainwright (1963, right to an attorney)
- Griswold v. Connecticut (1965, contraception)
- Miranda v. Arizona (1966, rights of those detained by police)
- In re Gault (1967, rights of juvenile suspects)
- Loving v. Virginia (1967, interracial marriage)
- Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971, religious activities in public schools)
- New York Times Co. v. United States (1971, freedom of the press)
- Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972, privacy for unmarried people)
- Roe v. Wade (1973, abortion)
- Miller v. California (1973, obscenity)
- United States v. Nixon (1974, executive privilege)
- Buckley v. Valeo (1976, campaign finance)
- Bowers v. Hardwick (1986, sodomy)
- Bush v. Gore (2000, presidential election)
- Lawrence v. Texas (2003, sodomy)
- District of Columbia v. Heller (2008, gun rights)
- Citizens United v. FEC (2010, campaign finance)
- United States v. Windsor (2013, same-sex marriage)
- Shelby County v. Holder (2013, voting rights)
- Obergefell v. Hodges (2015, same-sex marriage)
- Bostock v. Clayton County (2020, discrimination on LGBT workers)
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