From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

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-	{{Template}}	+	#REDIRECT [[User:Jahsonic]]
-	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jahsonic and http://www.jahsonic.com and http://jahsonic.wordpress.com	+
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-	== Areas of interest ==	+
-	[[art]] - [[dance music]] - [[erotica]] - [[fiction]] - [[film]] - [[lifestyle]] - [[music]] - [[theory]] - [[aestheticization_of_violence]] - [[human sexuality|sexuality]] - [[guilty pleasure]] - [[paratext]] - [[paraliterature]]	+
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-	==Dead media==	+
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-	[[Dead media]]	+
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-	==[[Grotesque]] ==	+
-	*[[User:Jahsonic/Grotesque]] (especially in literature, and art and illustration)	+
-	*[[User:Jahsonic/Grotesque checklist]] (all art forms)	+
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-	==Classic Mix Mastercuts Vol.1 (1991) - Various artists==	+
-	First compilation in the [[Mastercuts]] series.	+
-		+
-	1. Yah mo be there - [[James Ingram]]	+
-	2. Medicine song - [[Stephanie Mills]]	+
-	3. You're the one for me - [[D-Train]]	+
-	4. Seventh Heaven - [[Gwen Guthrie]] ([[Larry Levan]] mix)	+
-	5. You don't know - [[Serious Intention]]	+
-	6. Searching to find the one - [[Unlimited Touch]]	+
-	7. Beat the street - [[Sharon Redd]]	+
-	8. You can't hide (your love from me) - [[David Joseph]] (Larry Levan mix)	+
-	9. Ain't nothin' goin' on but the rent - Gwen Guthrie	+
-	10. Thinking of you - [[Sister Sledge]]	+
-	11. Searchin' - [[Change (band)|Change]]	+
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-	==Index Translationum==	+
-	[[Index Translationum]]	+
-		+
-	==Notes on mechanical reproducibility of artworks with regard to Baudelaire and Benjamin==	+
-		+
-	<blockquote>	+
-	<p>French text:	+
-	<br>Il y a dans le monde, et même dans le monde des artistes, des gens qui vont au musée du Louvre, passent rapidement, et sans leur accorder un regard, devant une foule de tableaux très intéressants, quoique de second ordre, et se plantent rêveurs devant un Titien ou un Raphaël, un de ceux que la gravure a le plus popularisés; puis sortent satisfaits, plus d'un se disant: "Je connais mon musée."	+
-		+
-	<p>English translation:	+
-	<br>“The world—and even the world of artists—is full of people who can go to the Louvre, walk rapidly, without so much as a glance, past rows of very interesting, though secondary, pictures, to come to a rapturous halt in front of a [[Titian]] or [[Raphael]]—one of those that would have been most popularized by the [[engraving|engraver’s art]]; then they will go home happy, not a few saying to themselves, ‘I know my Museum.‘” -- Charles Baudelaire	+
-	</blockquote>	+
-		+
-	In this excerpt, quoted from the [[Charles Baudelaire]]'s 1863 ''[[The Painter of Modern Life]]'', an essay on [[Constantin Guys]], Charles Baudelaire comments on the fact that [[artwork|works of art]] have lost their ''[[aura]]'' (a term I borrow here from [[Walter Benjamin]]) because of the technique of [[engraving]]. For the first time in history, engraving allowed images of works of art to be [[mass media|mass]]-popularized in [[poster]]s and [[postcard]]s. This essay foreshadows Walter Benjamin's ''[[The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction]]''.	+
-		+
-	It is precisely this [[mass production|mass-reproducibility]] of works of art, in two-dimensional (postcards of the [[Mona Lisa]]) as well as three-dimensional forms (plastic statues of the [[Venus de Milo]]), which has given birth to the concept of [[kitsch]].	+
-		+
-	see also: [[1863]] - Painter of Modern Life - [[culture theory]] - [[media theory]] - Walter Benjamin - Charles Baudelaire - [[reproduction]] - aura - [[aesthetics]] - [[modernism]]	+
-		+
-	--[[User:Jahsonic|Jahsonic]] 11:18, 31 August 2005 (UTC)	+
-		+
-	==Gershon Legman==	+
-	[[Gershon Legman]]'s ''[[Rationale of the Dirty Joke|Rationale of the Dirty Joke: An Analysis of Sexual Humor]]'' (New York: [[Grove Press]], 1968); reprinted in hardcover by Indiana University.	+
-		+
-	==Colin Henry Wilson==	+
-	Colin Henry Wilson (born June 26, 1931) is a British writer.	+
-	''[[The Misfits: A Study of Sexual Outsiders]]'' (1988) -- [[Colin Henry Wilson]]	+
-		+
-		+
-	Crime and sexual perversion	+
-	Wilson seeks to establish a link between [[crime]] and [[perversion]].	+
-		+
-	On Sade	+
-	In his excellent Misfits, Colin Wilson states that Marquis de Sade's philosophy was one of extreme selfishness, mentioning Sade's denial of the existence of benevolence and altruism. Wilson's portrait of Sade is the first well-balanced I encountered, neither villifying (as it was customary during the 19th century) nor exalting him as it was done in the 20th century (see De Beauvoir and Apollinaire). [Sept 2005]	+
-		+
-	Biographies	+
-	[[D.H. Lawrence]], [[Swinburne]], [[James Joyce]], [[Mishima]], [[Henry Miller]], [[Tillich]], [[Koestler]], [[Percy Grainger]], [[Havelock Ellis]], [[Magnus Hirschfeld]] - [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]] - [[Karoly Hadju|Charlotte Bach]]	+
-		+
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-	Synopsis	+
-	The history of [[Civilizations_in_human_history|human civilization]] is the history of [[daydream|daydreaming]], [[escapism]] and [[imagination]] and the nature of [[fiction]] ([[tale]], [[drama]] [[novel]], [[sexual fantasy|sexual imagination]], [[sex crime]]s, ...)	+
-		+
-	==Culture==	+
-	[[Image:Pierre-Cécile Puvis de Chavannes 003.jpg|thumb|240px|center|Pierre-Cécile Puvis de Chavannes: ''The Dream'', 1883]]	+
-	Culture is an ambiguous term usually signifying high culture. It is my thesis that culture arises from and is made of elements of [[high culture]] and [[low culture]]. In this sense, culture equals [[mainstream]] or [[popular culture]].	+
-	: This point you made is interesting - I'd agree in that we have to see both, high and low, yet the conclusion - might need a discussion - you might have fun with my articles at [[:de:Literatur]] and [[:de:Kult (Status)]]. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 06:21, 11 November 2005 (UTC)	+
-	:: Thanks, I'd noticed your articles before and enjoyed your work on literature --[[User:Jahsonic|Jahsonic]] 09:21, 11 November 2005 (UTC)	+
-		+
-	==Pierre Bourdieu and street fashion==	+
-	When [[Pierre Bourdieu]] contends that [[taste]] always "trickles down" from the [[ruling class]]es he forgets about [[street fashion]], which "trickles up". --[[User:Jahsonic|Jahsonic]] 19:42, 18 October 2005 (UTC)	+
-		+
-	==[[High Renaissance]] ==	+
-	The High Renaissance (1480s - 1520s) is a rather subjective art term denoting the culmination of the art of the [[Early Renaissance painting|Early Renaissance]]. Generally counted among High Renaissance artists are [[Michelangelo Buonarroti]], [[Raphael Sanzio]] and [[Leonardo da Vinci]].	+
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-	Also active at this time were [[Giorgione]], [[Titian]] and [[Giovanni Bellini]].	+
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-	By about the [[1520s]], High Renaissance art gives way to a style known as [[Mannerism]].	+
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-	==Literature ==	+
-	===Ergodic literature ===	+
-	'''[[Ergodic literature]]''' is [[literature]] that requires special effort to comprehend or read, perhaps due to a "[[nonlinear (arts)|non linear]]" structure. Ergodic literature demands an active role of the reader, such that they become "users" who may need to perform complex semiotic operations to construct the reading.	+
-		+
-	Examples	+
-	*''[[Naked Lunch]]'', ''[[The Soft Machine]]'', ''[[Nova Express]]'' and ''[[The Ticket That Exploded]]'' by [[William S. Burroughs]], to greater or lesser extent composed using the [[cut-up technique]]	+
-	*"The Night (Alone) by [[Richard Meltzer]] is a relatively unknown work of brilliance	+
-	*''Composition No.1,'' a novel on cards written by [[Marc Saporta]] in [[1961]]	+
-	*''[[Dictionary of the Khazars: A Lexicon Novel]]'' and ''[[Landscape Painted With Tea]]'' by [[Milorad Pavic]]	+
-	*''[[Gravity's Rainbow]]'' by [[Thomas Pynchon]]	+
-	*''[[House of Leaves]]'' by [[Mark Z. Danielewski]]	+
-	*''[[Dhalgren]]'' by [[Samuel R. Delany]]	+
-	*''[[Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close]]'' by [[Jonathan Safran Foer]]	+
-	*''[[Finnegans Wake]]'' by [[James Joyce]]	+
-	*''[[Pale Fire]]'' by [[Vladimir Nabokov]]	+
-	*''[[Rayuela]]'' by [[Julio Cortazar]]	+
-	*''[[253 (book)|253]]'', both the print and online versions, by [[Geoff Ryman]]	+
-	*''[[The Dionaea House]]'' by [[Eric Heisserer]]	+
-	*''[[The Unfortunates]]'' by [[B. S. Johnson]]	+
-	*''[[Other Electricities]]'' by [[Ander Monson]]	+
-	*''[[Ibid: A Life]]'' by [[Mark Dunn]]	+
-	*''[[Riddley Walker]]''	+
-	*''[[City of Saints and Madmen]]'' by [[Jeff VanderMeer]]	+
-	*''[[Infinite Jest]]'' by [[David Foster Wallace]]	+
-		+
-	===The März-Verlag ===	+
-	The März-Verlag was a German editing house run by Jörg Schröder, similar in style to [[Eric Losfeld]]'s Éditions Le Terrain Vague. He was also responsible for the “Melzer Verlag” and the german “[[Olympia Press]]”. He went broke in the early or middle eighties. One of his current activieties is a blog for the tageszeitung (taz).	+
-		+
-	Here are some of the authors he published: [[Rolf Dieter Brinkmann]], Castaneda, Leonard Cohen, Robert Crumb, Fassbinder, [[John Giorno]], Gerhard Malanga, [[Kenneth Patchen]] and lots of others. In the Melzer Verlag he was responsible for the first and only german edition of Ballards “Love and Napalm”.	+
-	The books had a very distinctive look - yellow with thick black and red types.	+
-		+
-	===List of authors on the index ===	+
-	This is a list of authors whose work has been on the [[Index Librorum Prohibitorum]]. The quantity of the work per author varies from [[Oeuvre|complete works]] to one [[title]].	+
-		+
-	[[Alberto Moravia]] -	+
-	[[Alexandre Dumas fils]] -	+
-	[[Alexandre Dumas]] -	+
-	[[Anatole France]] -	+
-	[[André Gide]] -	+
-	[[Andrew Lang]] -	+
-	[[Honoré de Balzac]] -	+
-	[[Baruch Spinoza]] -	+
-	[[Benedetto Croce]]]	+
-	[[Bishop Berkeley]] -	+
-	[[Blaise Pascal]] -	+
-	[[Casanova]] -	+
-	[[Condillac]] -	+
-	[[Condorcet]] -	+
-	[[d'Alembert]] -	+
-	[[Daniel Defoe]] -	+
-	[[David Hume]] -	+
-	[[De Stael]] -	+
-	[[Denis Diderot]] -	+
-	[[Descartes]] -	+
-	[[Baron d'Holbach]] -	+
-	[[Edward Gibbon]] -	+
-	[[Emanuel Swedenborg]] -	+
-	[[Emile Zola]] -	+
-	[[Erasmus]] -	+
-	[[Ernest Renan]] -	+
-	[[Eugène Sue]] -	+
-	[[Francis Bacon]] -	+
-	[[Gabriele D'Annunzio]] -	+
-	[[George Sand]] -	+
-	[[Gustave Flaubert]] -	+
-	[[Heinrich Heine]] -	+
-	[[Helvétius]] -	+
-	[[Henri Bergson]] -	+
-	[[Honoré de Balzac]] -	+
-	[[Immanuel Kant]] -	+
-	[[Jean Paul Sartre]] -	+
-	[[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] -	+
-	[[John Calvin]] -	+
-	[[John Milton]] -	+
-	[[John Stuart Mill]] -	+
-	[[Jonathan Swift]] -	+
-	[[Joseph Addison]] -	+
-	[[La Fontaine]] -	+
-	[[Julien Offray de La Mettrie|La Mettrie]] -	+
-	[[Laurence Stern]] -	+
-	[[Maeterlinck]] -	+
-	[[Malebranche]] -	+
-	[[Michel de Montaigne]] -	+
-	[[Montaigne]] -	+
-	[[Montesquieu]] -	+
-	[[Nicholas Machiavelli]] -	+
-	[[Oliver Goldsmith]] -	+
-	[[Blaise Pascal|Pascal]] -	+
-	[[Pierre Abélard]] -	+
-	[[Rabelais]] -	+
-	[[Rene Descartes]] -	+
-	[[Richard Simon]] -	+
-	[[Richard Steel]] -	+
-	[[Sade]] -	+
-	[[Samuel Richardson]] -	+
-	[[Stendhal]] -	+
-	[[Swedenborg]] -	+
-	[[Thomas Hobbes]] -	+
-	[[Victor Hugo]] -	+
-	[[Voltaire]] -	+
-		+
-	==Anthology of Black Humor (1940) - [[André Breton]] ==	+
-		+
-		+
-	featured authors:	+
-		+
-	[[Jonathan Swift]]	+
-	[[Marquis de Sade|D.-A.-F.de Sade]]	+
-	[[Georg Christoph Lichtenberg]]	+
-	[[Charles Fourier]]	+
-	[[Thomas De Quincey]]	+
-	[[Pierre-François Lacenaire]]	+
-	[[Christian Dietrich Grabbe]]	+
-	[[Petrus Borel]]	+
-	[[Edgar Allan Poe]]	+
-	[[Xavier Forneret]]	+
-	[[Charles Baudelaire]]	+
-	[[Lewis Carroll]]	+
-	[[Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam|Villiers de l'Isle-Adam]]	+
-	[[Charles Cros]]	+
-	[[Friedrich Nietzsche]]	+
-	[[Comte de Lautréamont|Isidore Ducasse]] (Comte de Lautréamont)	+
-	[[Joris-Karl Huysmans]]	+
-	[[Tristan Corbière]]	+
-	[[Germain Nouveau]]	+
-	[[Arthur Rimbaud]]	+
-	[[Alphonse Allais]]	+
-	[[Jean-Pierre Brisset]]	+
-	[[O. Henry]]	+
-	[[André Gide]]	+
-	[[John Millington Synge]]	+
-	[[Alfred Jarry]]	+
-	[[Raymond Roussel]]	+
-	[[Francis Picabia]]	+
-	[[Guillaume Apollinaire]]	+
-	[[Pablo Picasso]]	+
-	[[Arthur Cravan]]	+
-	[[Franz Kafka]]	+
-	[[Jakob van Hoddis]]	+
-	[[Marcel Duchamp]]	+
-	[[Hans Arp]]	+
-	[[Alberto Savinio]]	+
-	[[Jacques Vache]]	+
-	[[Benjamin Peret]]	+
-	[[Jacques Rigaut]]	+
-	[[Jacques Prevert]]	+
-	[[Salvador Dali]]	+
-	[[Jean Ferry]]	+
-	[[Leonora Carrington]]	+
-	[[Gisèle Prassinos]]	+
-	[[Jean-Pierre Duprey]]	+
-		+
-	Just saw that [[Gisèle Prassinos]] was empty, so created a stub article about her - please feel free to contribute to it. Thanks [[User:Patchen|Patchen]] 11:46, 27 February 2006 (UTC)	+
-		+
-	==List of banned authors during the Third Reich ==	+
-	[[List of banned authors during the Third Reich ]]	+
-		+
-	==[[Histories (history of the novel)]]==	+
-	[[novel]] [[romance (genre)|romance]] [[literature]] [[term catalogue]] "[[histories]]" ''[[Don Quixote]]''	+
-	[[François Fénelon|Fénelon]] [[Delarivier Manley|Manley's]] ''[[New Atalantis]]'' (1709)''	+
-	[[Christian_Friedrich_Hunold|Menantes]]' ''Satyrischer Roman'' (1706)	+
-	Madame de La Fayette's ''[[La Princesse de Clèves|Princesse de Cleves]]'' (1678)	+
-	[[Robinson Crusoe]]'' (1719)	+
-	[[Daniel Defoe]]	+
-	[[Gatien de Courtilz de Sandras]] (1644-1712)	+
-	''[[D'Artagnan Romances|d'Artagnan's]]''	+
-	[[Alexandre Dumas, père|Alexandre Dumas the elder]]	+
-	[[Ian Fleming]] [[James Bond]]	+
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-	== Creation Books bibliography ==	+
-		+
-	[[Creation Books]] is a British publishing house. Contributors and authors include [[Jeremy Reed]], [[Peter Sotos]], [[David Kerekes]], [[David Slater]] and [[Jack Sargeant]] [[Stephen Barber]]	+
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-	==Great Tales of Terror and the Supernatural (1944) - Phyllis Cerf Wagner ==	+
-	[[Phyllis Fraser|Phyllis Cerf Wagner]]?	+
-		+
-	First published in 1944. Represented in the anthology are [[W.W. Jacobs]]'s "[[The Monkey's Paw]]"; [[Saki]]'s "[[Sredni Vashtar]]" and "[[The Open Window]]"; [[Richard Connell]]'s "[[The Most Dangerous Game]]"; [[Conrad Aiken]]'s "[[Silent Snow, Secret Snow]]"; [[Arthur Machen]]'s "[[The Great God Pan]]"; [[Edgar Allan Poe]] ("[[The Black Cat (short story)|The Black Cat]]"), [[Wilkie Collins]] ("[[A Terribly Strange Bed]]"), [[Henry James]] ("[[Sir Edmund Orme]]"), [[Guy de Maupassant]] ("[[Was It a Dream?]]"), [[O. Henry]] ("[[The Furnished Room]]"), [[Rudyard Kipling]] ("[[They]]"), and [[H.G. Wells]] ("[[Pollock and the Porroh Man]]"). Included as well are such modern masters as [[Algernon Blackwood]] ("[[Ancient Sorceries]]"), [[Walter de la Mare]] ("[[Out of the Deep]]"), [[E.M. Forster]] ("[[The Celestial Omnibus]]"), [[Isak Dinesen]] ("[[The Sailor-Boys Tale]]"), [[H.P. Lovecraft]] ("[[The Dunwich Horror]]"), [[Dorothy L. Sayers]] ("[[Suspicion]]"), and [[Ernest Hemingway]] ("[[The Killers (short story)|The Killers]]").	+
-		+
-	==See also==	+
-		+
-	* [[Alternative culture]]	+
-	* [[Subculture]]s	+
-	* [[Underground music]]	+
-	* [[Underground comix]]	+
-	* [[Underground press]]	+
-	* [[Underground film]]	+
-	* [[Prague underground (movement)|Prague Underground]]	+
-	* [[English underground|English underground]]	+
-	* [[UK_Underground|UK Underground]]	+
-	* [[History of subcultures in the 20th century]]	+
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-		+
-	== Art as an excuse for depicting prurient interests ==	+
-	Before the 1850s and the birth of [[modern art]], artists needed an excuse to depict violence and sex in their paintings or engravings. Some themes from [[mythology]] or [[martyrology]] provided an excuse to display these themes.	+
-	=== Violence ===	+
-	:See also: [[aestheticization_of_violence]], [[graphic violence]]	+
-	[[Image:Simone Martini 072.jpg|thumb|200px|left|[[Simone Martini]] (1285-1344). Dark themes and high emotion were increasingly pronounced in late Gothic art.]]	+
-	==== The Temptation of Saint Anthony ====	+
-	Some of the stories included in [[The Temptation of St. Anthony|Saint Anthony]]'s biography are perpetuated now mostly in paintings, where they give an [[excuse]] for artists to depict their more [[lurid]] or [[bizarre]] [[fantastic art|fantasies]]. Many pictorial artists, from [[Félicien Rops]] and [[Hieronymus Bosch]] to [[Salvador Dalí]], have depicted these incidents from the life of Anthony; in prose, the tale was retold and embellished by [[Gustave Flaubert]].	+
-		+
-	==== Massacre of the Innocents ====	+
-	The theme of the "[[Massacre of the Innocents]]" has provided artists with opportunities to compose complicated depictions of massed bodies in [[Aestheticization of violence|violent]] action. Artists of the Renaissance took inspiration for their "Massacres" from Roman reliefs of the battle of the [[Lapith]]s and [[Centaur]]s to the extent that they showed the figures heroically nude. [[Guido Reni]]'s early (1611) ''Massacre of the Innocents'', in an unusual vertical format, is at Bologna. [[Peter Paul Rubens]] painted the theme more than once.	+
-		+
-	==== The Last Judgment ====	+
-	In art, the [[Last Judgment]] is a common [[theme]] in medieval and renaissance religious iconography. Like most early iconographic innovations, its origins stem from [[Byzantium]]. In Western Christianity, it is often the subject depicted on the central [[tympanum]] of medieval cathedrals and churches, or as the central section of a [[triptych]], flanked by depictions of [[heaven]] and [[hell]] to the left and right, respectively (heaven being to the viewer's left, but to the Christ figure's right). The most famous Renaissance depiction is [[Michelangelo Buonarroti]]'s in the [[Sistine Chapel]]. Included in this is his self portrait, as [[Bartholomew|St. Bartholomew]]'s [[flaying|flayed]] skin.	+
-		+
-	==== Judith ====	+
-	The subject: a daring and beautiful woman [[Book of Judith|Judith]] in her full maturity, dressed as for the feast with all her spectacular jewels, accompanied by an apprehensive maid, succeeds in [[decapitation|decapitating]] the invading general, [[Holofernes]]. The moral is as much about the dangers of a beautiful woman, as had been told of [[Delilah]] and [[Samson]], but here the woman was a [[culture-hero]] to the listeners.	+
-	<gallery>	+
-	Image:Judith Beheading Holofernes by Caravaggio.jpg|[[Caravaggio]]'s Judith Beheading Holofernes	+
-	Image:Michelangelo Buonarroti 038.jpg|[[Michelangelo]]'s Judith carries away the head of Holofernes	+
-	Image:GENTILESCHI Judith.jpg|Judith Beheading Holofernes by [[Artemisia Gentileschi]]	+
-	</gallery>	+
-	==== Medusa ====	+
-	[[Caravaggio]]'s and [[Peter Paul Rubens|Rubens]]'s [[Medusa]].	+
-		+
-	==== Salome ====	+
-	The Biblical story of [[Salome]] has long been a favourite of [[painting|painters]], since it offers a chance to depict [[orientalism|oriental]] splendour, semi-[[nude]] women, and exotic scenery under the guise of a Biblical subject. Painters who have done notable representations of Salome include [[Titian]] and [[Gustave Moreau]].	+
-		+
-	=== Nudity and eroticism ===	+
-	Depictions of [[The Temptation of Saint Anthony]], [[Venus (mythology)]], [[Charites|The Three Graces]]	+
-	==== Leda and the Swan ====	+
-		+
-	The motif of [[Leda and the Swan]] from [[Greek mythology]], in which the [[Greek mythology|Greek god]] [[Zeus]] came to [[Leda (mythology)|Leda]] in the form of a [[swan]], was rarely seen in [[Gothic art]], but resurfaced as a classicizing theme, with erotic overtones, in Italian painting and sculpture of the 16th Century.	+
-		+
-	==== The Three Graces ====	+
-	[[Image:Muses.jpg|thumb|left|250px|The Graces in a 1st century [[fresco]] at [[Pompeii]].]]	+
-	On the representation of the Graces, [[Pausanias]] wrote,	+
-		+
-	:"Who it was who first represented the Graces naked, whether in sculpture or in painting, I could not discover. During the earlier period, certainly, sculptors and painters alike represented them draped. [...] But later artists, I do not know the reason, have changed the way of portraying them. Certainly to-day sculptors and painters represent Graces naked."	+
-		+
-	==== The Temptation of Saint Anthony ====	+
-	==== Venus ====	+
-	[[Venus (mythology)|Venus]] became a popular subject of [[painting]] and [[sculpture]] during the [[Renaissance]] period in Europe. As a "classical" figure for whom [[nudity]] was her natural state, it was socially acceptable to depict her unclothed. As the goddess of sexual healing, a degree of erotic beauty in her presentation was justified, which had an obvious appeal to many artists and their patrons. Over time, "venus" came to refer to any artistic depiction of a nude woman, even when there was no indication that the subject was the goddess.	+

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Current revision

1. REDIRECT User:Jahsonic