List of Western European paintings in Ukrainian museums
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Art museums of Ukraine possess a large number of Western European paintings. There, one can see canvases by world famous artists (such as Titian, Francesco Guardi, Jusepe de Ribera, Diego Velásquez, Rubens) as well as by the painters whose works throughout the world are unique (such as Master of the Osservanza, Jacopo del Sellaio, Jacob Ferdinand Voet, Georges de La Tour and others).
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Before the year 1917
The museum collections of Western European paintings formed in different ways. Usually they were based on private collections. The collectors often sold or presented pictures they owned to other owners; sometimes (mostly after the 1905 Russian Revolution) large collections were sold abroad.
A number of Ukrainian people of art spoke out against the export of the artistic wealth and strove for its preservation in public museums and galleries. As early as in the middle of the 19th century, in Ukraine there existed private museums and ‘cabinets of fine arts’ in the universities of Kiev, Kharkov, and Odessa. It was due to the public efforts that the first Ukrainian public museum was opened in 1886 in Kharkov, and the municipal art gallery – in 1907 in Lvov. Both had large sections of Western European paintings. Some educated people paid their own money to acquire artistic objects which they wanted to donate to their native cities. In such a manner, I. Betsky and A. Alfyorov, graduates of Kharkov University, started the collection of Western European paintings at the local museum. In Kiev, it was Bogdan and Varvara Khanenko who in the 1870s began collecting works by Western European artists.
Between the October Revolution and the Great Patriotic War
After the October Revolution, all artistic values located in Ukraine were nationalised and distributed to museums and art galleries, both to the existing and to the newly formed ones.
But the new rulers kept selling works of art abroad. Besides, Ukrainian museum pieces were being exchanged for far less valuable ones from Russian museums. For example, against Varvara Khanenko’s will, the Bolsheviks split the collection of Kiev Museum. Some pieces were sold to the USA for little money that was to be spent on military equipment and arms. Varvara’s will was violated once again after her death when the mention of the Khanenkos disappeared from the name of the museum. After that, it was for a long time called Kiev Museum of Western and Oriental Art.
In 1925-1926, the museum was enriched with Shchavinsky’s collection of the 17th century pictures by Flemish and Dutch artists.
In 1919, Zhitomir Local History Museum was created. Its art gallery was based on the Chaudoirs’ collection with a number of first-rate canvases by Western European painters.
The works from the stock of Odessa Committee for the Protection of Monuments of Art and Antiquity and the ones from the metropolitan museums formed Odessa Art Museum. It was opened in 1920. Its present name is Odessa State Museum of Western and Eastern Art.
In November 1920, the Crimea having become Soviet, the regional section for the protection of monuments of art and antiquity started work effecting the order of the Crimean Revolutionary Committee. The section was to expropriate and inventory the art treasures from the palaces and mansions of the Crimean South Coast. In December, the objects expropriated formed the basis of Yalta Popular Artistic Museum where Western European authors prevailed. In 1927, Yalta Museum's collection was transferred to the newly created Sevastopol Art Museum. The same year, the museum in Sevastopol received Simferopol Art Museum’s entire collection of Western European art that included a lot of valuable Flemish and Dutch paintings.
After the annexation of Western Ukraine to the USSR in 1939, Lvov Art Gallery was enriched with nationalised private collections containing plenty of wonderful works by Western Europeans.
During the Great Patriotic War
On June 29, 1941, most pieces from Kiev Museum of Western and Oriental Art started being evacuated to Penza and Saratov. But it appeared impossible to move the whole collection. When the Germans came, they started plundering the collection, a process that was put the brakes on for some time only by Dietrich Roskamp who was the keeper of the museum at that time. He protested against the misappropriation of the artistic objects and moving the collection to Germany. But it was hardly possible to fully stop it, and in 1943, due to the Red Army’s advance, the invaders organised the exportation of the collection to Germany. They did it methodically at first, listing and carefully packing the objects, and later hastily and chaotically. Altogether, the Nazi took 474 pictures, 10 sculptures and about 25,000 prints from the museum. Luckily, a few valuable works had managed to be hidden, among them Perugino’s Archangel and Marco Palmezzano’s Madonna with a Saint.
225 works of art were plundered from Lvov Art Gallery during the German invasion, many of them were destroyed. Among them was the unique collection of Dürer’s paintings.
In Kharkov Art Museum, only five thousand pieces survived.
Before the war, the collection of Poltava Art Museum numbered about 30,000 pieces. The exposition failed to be evacuated and was almost all destroyed. Among the losses was the priceless Western European collection with unique works by Giambattista Tiepolo, Rubens, Melchior d'Hondecoeter, Adriaen van Ostade, Vigée-LeBrun and others.
The major part of the objects from Sevastopol Art Gallery was evacuated and preserved by its director Mikhail Kroshitsky. After the war, the works of art from Sevastopol Gallery were on display in Simferopol for some time, because Sevastopol lay in ruins and the house of the museum had been burnt down.
Only eleven objects of all the pre-war treasures survived in the Art Museum in Donetsk (at that period the name of the city was Stalino).
After World War II
Kiev and Odessa have the largest collections that exist as independent museums of western and eastern (oriental) art. The Western European collection in Lvov, though as rich and valuable as those in Odessa and Kiev, is but a department of the local art gallery. Sections containing a lot of valuable works by Western Europeans exist in art museums of Kharkov, Sevastopol, and in Zhitomir Local History Museum. A number of wonderful canvases by foreign artists are possessed by the museums of Poltava, Sumy, Lutsk, Uzhgorod.
Works by famous Western European painters in Ukraine
Dnepropetrovsk Art Museum
- Batoni, Pompeo Girolamo. Time destroying Beauty
- Bellini, Gentile. Portrait of a patrician
- Bellini, Giovanni. Madonna and Child
- Boucher, François. Cupids
- David, Jacques-Louis. Portrait of Lazare Hoche
- Hals, Frans. Portrait of Descartes
- Luca Giordano. Death of Orpheus
- Magnasco, Alessandro. Funeral of a monk
- Master of Osservanza. The Crucifixion
- Modena, Barnaba da. Scenes from the life of Christ (predella)
- Orley, Bernard van. The execution of St. Catherine
- Perugino, Pietro. Madonna and Child
- Rubens, Peter Paul. God of the Scheldt River, Cybele and the Goddess of Antwerp (sketch)
- Ruysdael, Jacob van. A woodland river
- Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista. Summoning of Cincinnatus to the dictatorship (sketch version of the canvas in the Hermitage Museum)
- Velasquez, Diego. Portrait of the Infanta Margarita
- Vigée-Le Brun, Élisabeth-Louise. Portrait of Stanisław August Poniatowski
- Weenix the Younger, Jan. Still life with rabbit
- Zurbarán, Juan de. Still life with a chocolate mill
Kharkiv Art Museum
- Goyen, Jan van. Landscape with fishermen
Lutsk Local History Museum
- Ribera, Jusepe de. St. Jerome
Lviv Art Gallery
- Anguissola, Sofonisba. Portrait of a young patrician woman
- David, Jacques-Louis. Portrait of the sister of the painter’s wife
- Goya, Francisco. Majas on the balcony
- Greuze, Jean-Baptiste. A lying girl
- Guardi, Francesco. San Giorge Magiore
- Guardi, Francesco. Loggia in Venice
- Kauffmann, Angelica. Portrait of Henrick Lubomirski as Cupid
- La Tour, Georges de. The payment (At the usurer's)
- Liotard, Jean-Étienne. Portrait of Maria Theresa
- Luca Giordano. Head of an old man
- Magnasco, Alessandro. Landscape
- Matejko, Jan. Charles Gustav (Carolus Gustavus) and Szymon Starowolski before the grave of Władysław Łokietek in Warsaw during The Deluge
- Matejko, Jan. Portrait of the artist’s children
- Mengs, Anton Raphael. Portrait of the engraver B. Bartolozzi
- Mengs, Anton Raphael. Portrait of Christoph Friedrich of Saxony
- Reni,Guido. Madonna
- Ribera, Jusepe de. St. Jerome
- Robert, Hubert. Inside a temple
- Rubens, Peter Paul. Portrait of a man
- Strozzi, Bernardo. St. Peter curing a paralytic
- Titian Vecellio. Portrait of a man
- Vigée-Le Brun, Élisabeth-Louise. Portrait of Isabella Lubomirska
Mikhail Kroshitsky Art Museum in Sevastopol
- Rosa, Salvatore. A castle on the shore of a gulf
- Snyders, Frans. Fish on the shore
- Wouwerman, Philips. At the watering place
Nikanor Onatsky Regional Art Museum in Sumy
- Bellotto, Bernardo. The city square
- Goyen, Jan van. Dutch landscape with a house at the road
- Robert, Hubert. Ruins with an arch
- Vigée-Le Brun, Élisabeth-Louise. Portrait of Countess Litta
Odessa Museum of Western and Eastern Art
- Batoni, Pompeo Girolamo. Venus and Cupid
- Berchem, Nicolaes Pieterszoon. Landscape with a herd
- Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da. Taking of Christ (now stolen)
- Daubigny, Charles-François. Landscape (study)
- Goyen, Jan van. Winter landscape
- Hals, Frans. Luke the Evangelist
- Hals, Frans. Matthew the Evangelist
- Leyden, Lucas van. David and Abigail
- Magnasco, Alessandro. Monks shaving
- Magnasco, Alessandro. Landscape with figures of people
- Magnasco, Alessandro. Corps de garde
- Magnasco, Alessandro. St. Jerome
- Magnasco, Alessandro. Mary Magdalene
- Robert, Hubert. The Maison Carrée in Nîmes
- Sustermans, Justus. Portrait of a lady wearing pearls
- Teniers the Younger, David. Man smoking
- Lampi, Franz. Portrait of a man
- Peeters, Clara. Still life
Yosyp Bokshay Transcarpathian Regional Museum of Art
- Hoogstraeten, Samuel van. Portrait of a man wearing a beret
Zhitomir Local History Museum
- Carracci, Agostino. Portrait of the artist’s brother Annibale Carracci
- Liotard, Jean-Étienne. Portrait of a woman
- Luca Giordano. Christ talks to the Samaritan woman
- Piombo, Sebastiano del. Portrait of Michelangelo
- Robert, Hubert. Laocoön Gallery in the Louvre
References
- West-European Painting of the 14th-18th centuries (the Ukrainian title: Західноєвропейський живопис 14−18 століть). A picture album. − Kyiv, "Mystetstvo" Publishing House, 1981 (in Ukrainian, Russian, and English)
