World War II
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | [[Image:A Child at Gunpoint of the Stroop Report.jpg |thumb|left|200px|''[[A Child at Gunpoint]]'' ([[1943]]) from the ''[[Stroop Report]]'']] | ||
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| + | "[[Adolf Hitler |Hitler]] understood the significance of film ... We might even wonder whether he did not merely organize [[Nuremberg]] for [[Leni Riefenstahl]], as certain elements lead us to suppose, and taking the argument a little further, whether the whole of the [[World War II|Second World War]]…was not indeed conducted as a [[big budget]] [[war film]], solely put on so it could be projected as newsreel, so it could be projected as newsreel each evening in his bunker…the artistic organization of these mass ceremonies, recorded on celluloid, and even the organization of the final collapse, were part of the overall programme of this movement." --''[[Die freudlose Gesellschaft]]'', 1981, Hans-Jürgen Syberberg. | ||
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| + | <hr> | ||
| + | "Political scientist [[George Friedman]] has postulated that if [[2007–08 world food price crisis |high prices for oil and food]] persist, they will define the fourth distinct geopolitical regime since the end of [[World War II]], the previous three being the [[Cold War]], the 1989–2001 period in which [[Globalization|economic globalization]] was primary, and the post-[[9/11]] "[[war on terror]]"." --Sholem Stein | ||
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| + | [[Image:D-Day.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[D-Day]]'' ([[1944]]) | ||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | <small> | ||
| + | # [[June 6]], [[1944]], the [[date]] during [[World War II]] when the [[Allies]] [[invade]]d western Europe. | ||
| + | # The date of any [[major]] [[event]] [[plan]]ned for the [[future]]. | ||
| + | </small>]] | ||
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| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | '''World War II''' (abbreviated '''WWII'''), or the '''Second World War''', was a [[World war|worldwide]] [[War|conflict]] which lasted from [[1939]] to [[1945]] fought between the [[Allied forces]] of the (British) [[Commonwealth]], [[France]], the [[United States]], the [[Soviet Union]], [[Canada]], and [[China]] against the [[Axis Powers]], including [[Germany]], [[Italy]], and [[Japan]]. | + | |
| + | '''World War II''', or the '''Second World War''' (often abbreviated as '''WWII''' or '''WW2'''), was a [[global conflict]] lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the [[great power]]s—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] and the [[Axis powers|Axis]]. It was the most widespread war in history, with more than 100 million military personnel mobilised. In a state of "[[total war]]", the major participants placed their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by significant events involving the mass death of civilians, including the [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]] and the [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|only use of nuclear weapons in warfare]], it is the [[List of wars and disasters by death toll|deadliest conflict]] in [[History of the world|human history]], resulting in [[World War II casualties|50 million to over 70 million fatalities]]. | ||
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| == Holocaust == | == Holocaust == | ||
| [[The Holocaust]] was the killing of approximately six million [[Jewish ethnic divisions#Europe|European Jews]], as well as another six million others who were deemed "unworthy of life" (including the disabled and mentally ill, Soviet POWs, [[homosexuals]], [[Freemasons]], [[Jehovah's Witnesses]], and the [[Porajmos|Roma]]) as part of a program of deliberate extermination planned and executed by the National Socialist government in Germany led by [[Adolf Hitler]]. | [[The Holocaust]] was the killing of approximately six million [[Jewish ethnic divisions#Europe|European Jews]], as well as another six million others who were deemed "unworthy of life" (including the disabled and mentally ill, Soviet POWs, [[homosexuals]], [[Freemasons]], [[Jehovah's Witnesses]], and the [[Porajmos|Roma]]) as part of a program of deliberate extermination planned and executed by the National Socialist government in Germany led by [[Adolf Hitler]]. | ||
| ==Effects on culture== | ==Effects on culture== | ||
| - | :''See [[1940s subcultures]]'' | + | :''See [[1940s subcultures]], "[[No poetry after Auschwitz]]"'' |
| - | === Discotheques in occupied Paris === | + | |
| - | :"Discotheques originated in occupied Paris during the Second World War. The Nazis banned [[jazz]] and closed many of the dance clubs, breaking up jazz groups and driving fans into illicit cellars to listen to recorded music. One of these venues - on the rue Huchette - called itself La Discothèque." -- [[David Haslam]] | + | |
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| - | === Aftermath and effect on popular culture === | + | |
| - | :In the realm of [[popular culture]], the most striking feature was the spread of a worldwide culture, influenced heavily by the Americans. This was made possible by the availability of cheap transistor radios, television, films, and recordings, and by inexpensive travel opportunities. Popular culture was thus the product of a society where such technologies were commonplace, a society based on prosperity and consumption. The new culture glorified youth, and film stars like Marilyn Monroe (1926-62) and James Dean (1931-55) became international symbols. Perhaps the most famous purveyor of this culture was the [[Beatles]], a popular British rock and roll band. The band members clearly represented the new international, youthful culture of carefree, good-humored hedonism. This [[youth culture]] flourished easily in Western Europe, but even Soviet youth clamored for blue jeans and [[Western music]]. [...] --http://www.bartleby.com/67/2702.html | + | |
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| == In film == | == In film == | ||
| - | *''[[Una giornata particolare]]'' (1977) - Ettore Scola | + | *''[[Una giornata particolare]]'' (1977) by Ettore Scola |
| - | *''[[Open City]]'' (1945) - Roberto Rossellini | + | *''[[Rome, Open City]]'' (1945) by Roberto Rossellini |
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| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | *[[World War II in popular culture ]] | ||
| + | *[[Aftermath of World War II]] | ||
| + | *[[List of World War II films]] | ||
| + | *[[The war in Belgium]] | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
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"Hitler understood the significance of film ... We might even wonder whether he did not merely organize Nuremberg for Leni Riefenstahl, as certain elements lead us to suppose, and taking the argument a little further, whether the whole of the Second World War…was not indeed conducted as a big budget war film, solely put on so it could be projected as newsreel, so it could be projected as newsreel each evening in his bunker…the artistic organization of these mass ceremonies, recorded on celluloid, and even the organization of the final collapse, were part of the overall programme of this movement." --Die freudlose Gesellschaft, 1981, Hans-Jürgen Syberberg. "Political scientist George Friedman has postulated that if high prices for oil and food persist, they will define the fourth distinct geopolitical regime since the end of World War II, the previous three being the Cold War, the 1989–2001 period in which economic globalization was primary, and the post-9/11 "war on terror"." --Sholem Stein |
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World War II, or the Second World War (often abbreviated as WWII or WW2), was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, with more than 100 million military personnel mobilised. In a state of "total war", the major participants placed their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by significant events involving the mass death of civilians, including the Holocaust and the only use of nuclear weapons in warfare, it is the deadliest conflict in human history, resulting in 50 million to over 70 million fatalities.
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Holocaust
The Holocaust was the killing of approximately six million European Jews, as well as another six million others who were deemed "unworthy of life" (including the disabled and mentally ill, Soviet POWs, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jehovah's Witnesses, and the Roma) as part of a program of deliberate extermination planned and executed by the National Socialist government in Germany led by Adolf Hitler.
Effects on culture
In film
- Una giornata particolare (1977) by Ettore Scola
- Rome, Open City (1945) by Roberto Rossellini
See also
- World War II in popular culture
- Aftermath of World War II
- List of World War II films
- The war in Belgium
