Zionism
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Zionism (after Zion) is the national movement of the Jewish people that supports the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the historic Land of Israel (roughly corresponding to Palestine, Canaan or the Holy Land). Zionism emerged in the late 19th century in Central and Eastern Europe as a national revival movement, in reaction to anti-Semitic and exclusionary nationalist movements in Europe.
Until 1948, the primary goals of Zionism were the re-establishment of Jewish sovereignty in the Land of Israel, ingathering of the exiles, and liberation of Jews from the antisemitic discrimination and persecution that they experienced during their diaspora. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, Zionism continues primarily to advocate on behalf of Israel and to address threats to its continued existence and security.
A religious variety of Zionism supports Jews upholding their Jewish identity defined as adherence to religious Judaism, opposes the assimilation of Jews into other societies, and has advocated the return of Jews to Israel as a means for Jews to be a majority nation in their own state. A variety of Zionism, called cultural Zionism, founded and represented most prominently by Ahad Ha'am, fostered a secular vision of a Jewish "spiritual center" in Israel. Unlike Herzl, the founder of political Zionism, Ahad Ha'am strived for Israel to be "a Jewish state and not merely a state of Jews".
Advocates of Zionism view it as a national liberation movement for the repatriation of a persecuted people residing as minorities in a variety of nations to their ancestral homeland. Critics of Zionism view it as a colonialist, ideology that led advocates to violence during Mandatory Palestine, followed by the exodus of Palestinians, and the subsequent denial of their right to return to property lost during the 1948 war.
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See also
Types of Zionism
- Cultural Zionism
- Green Zionism
- Reform Zionism
- Streams of Zionism (Political, Practical & Synthetic Zionism)
Zionist institutions and organizations
- Histadrut
- The Jewish Agency for Israel
- World Zionist Organization
- Jewish National Fund
- Vaad Leumi
- Hanoar Hatzioni
- Women's International Zionist Organization
History of Zionism and Israel
- Return to Zion
- Yehud Medinata
- Jewish diaspora
- Jewish people
- The Holocaust
- Gathering of Israel
- Aliyah
- History of Zionism
- History of Israel
- Israeli-Arab conflict
- Israeli–Palestinian conflict
- Israeli settlement
- List of Zionist figures
- Timeline of Zionism
Miscellanea
- American Council for Judaism
- Christian Zionism in the United Kingdom
- Jewish Autonomism
- Jewish emancipation
- Restoration of the Jews to the Holy Land
- Berne Trial
