Counterculture
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
"As long as there has been culture, there has been counterculture. At times it moves deep below the surface of things, a stealth mode of being all but invisible to the dominant paradigm; at other times it’s in plain sight, challenging the status quo; and at still other times it erupts in a fiery burst of creative–or destructive–energy to change the world forever." --Counterculture Through the Ages (2004) by R. U. Sirius See also: blasphemy, libertinism, anticlericalism, materialism, heresy, profanity, atheism, freethought |
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A counterculture (also written counter-culture) is a subculture whose values and norms of behavior deviate from those of mainstream society, often in opposition to mainstream cultural mores.
A countercultural movement expresses the ethos, aspirations, and dreams of a specific population during a well-defined era. When oppositional forces reach critical mass, countercultures can trigger dramatic cultural changes.
Prominent examples of countercultures in Europe and North America include Romanticism (1790-1840), Bohemianism (1850-1910), the more fragmentary counterculture of the Beat Generation (1944-1964), the Hippie counterculture (1964-1974)
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Etymology
The term counterculture was first attested in the English language in 1968[1]. The term counterculture is attributed to Theodore Roszak, author of The Making of a Counter Culture. It became prominent in the news media amid the social revolution that swept North and South America, Western Europe, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand during the 1960s and early 1970s.
Chronology of counterculture
Avant la lettre
Trial of Socrates - Galileo affair - medieval heretics - peasant revolts - libertine - enlightenment thinkers - French Revolution - anarchism - Bohemianism - Dandy - Marxism - modern art - avant-garde - Beat generation - Situationism (Europe) - Provo (Netherlands) - May 1968 (Paris)
Apres la lettre
Books
See also
- Anti-establishment
- Co-optation
- Counter-economics
- Counterculture of the 1960s
- Counterculture by region
- Exi (subculture)
- Guerrilla theatre
- Hipster
- History of subcultures in the 20th century
- La Movida Madrileña
- List of counterculture films
- Punk subculture
- Radicalization
- Subversive
- Subculture
- Underground (British subculture)