Self-organization
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| - | '''Self-organization''' is a process where some form of global [[order]] or [[coordination]] arises out of the local interactions between the components of an initially disordered system. This process is spontaneous: it is not directed or controlled by any agent or subsystem inside or outside of the system. It is often triggered by random [[fluctuations]] that are amplified by [[positive feedback]]. The resulting organization is wholly decentralized or [[distributed]] over all the components of the system. As such it is typically very [[robust]] and able to survive and self-repair substantial damage or perturbations. | + | '''Self-organization''', also called (in the [[social science]]s) [[spontaneous order]], is a process where some form of overall [[order and disorder|order]] arises from local interactions between parts of an initially disordered [[system]]. The process can be spontaneous when sufficient energy is available, not needing control by any external agent. It is often triggered by seemingly random [[Statistical fluctuations|fluctuations]], amplified by [[positive feedback]]. The resulting organization is wholly decentralized, [[:wikt:distribute|distributed]] over all the components of the system. As such, the organization is typically [[robust (disambiguation)|robust]] and able to survive or self-repair substantial perturbation. [[Chaos theory]] discusses self-organization in terms of islands of [[predictability]] in a sea of chaotic unpredictability. |
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| - | Self-organization occurs in a variety of physical, chemical, biological, social and cognitive systems. Common examples are [[crystallization]], the emergence of [[convection]] patterns in a liquid heated from below, [[chemical oscillator|chemical oscillators]], the [[invisible hand]] of the market, [[swarming]] in groups of animals, and the way [[neural networks]] learn to recognize complex patterns. | + | |
| + | Self-organization occurs in many [[physics|physical]], [[chemistry|chemical]], [[biology|biological]], [[robotics|robotic]], and [[cognitive]] systems. Examples of self-organization include [[crystallization]], thermal [[convection]] of fluids, [[chemical oscillator|chemical oscillation]], animal [[swarming]], [[neural circuit]]s, and [[black market]]s. | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | * [[Biology]] concepts: [[Bow tie (biology)]] - [[evolution]] - [[morphogenesis]] - [[homeostasis]] - [[Gaia Hypothesis]] | + | |
| - | * [[Chemistry]] concepts: [[reaction-diffusion]] - [[autocatalysis]] | + | * [[Autopoiesis]] |
| - | * [[Complex system]]s concepts: [[emergence]] - [[evolutionary computation]] - [[artificial life]] - [[self-organized criticality]] - "[[edge of chaos]]" - [[spontaneous order]] - [[metastability]] - [[Chaos theory]] - [[Butterfly effect]] | + | * [[Autowave]] |
| - | * [[Computer science]] concepts: [[swarm intelligence]] | + | * [[Self-organized criticality control]] |
| - | * [[Constructal law]] | + | * [[Free energy principle]] |
| * [[Information theory]] | * [[Information theory]] | ||
| - | * [[Mathematics]] concepts: [[fractal]] - [[random graph]] - [[power law]] - [[small world phenomenon]] - [[cellular automaton|cellular automata]] | + | * [[Constructal law]] |
| - | * [[Organization of the artist]] | + | * [[Swarm intelligence]] |
| - | * [[Philosophical]] concepts: [[tectology]] - [[Religious naturalism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Physics]] concepts: [[thermodynamics]] - [[non-equilibrium thermodynamics]] - [[constructal theory]] - [[statistical mechanics]] - [[phase transition]] - [[dissipative structures]] - [[turbulence]] | + | |
| - | * [[Social]] concepts: [[participatory organization]] | + | |
| - | * [[Spontaneous order]] | + | |
| - | * [[Stigmergy]] | + | |
| - | * [[Systems theory]] concepts: [[cybernetics]] - [[autopoiesis]] - [[polytely]] | + | |
| - | * [[Santiago theory of cognition]] | + | |
| - | * [[Anarchism]] - [[Anarcho-Capitalism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Language]] - [[Operator Grammar]] | + | |
| - | * [[Ant mill]] | + | |
| ==Antonym== | ==Antonym== | ||
| *[[Entropy]] | *[[Entropy]] | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
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Self-organization, also called (in the social sciences) spontaneous order, is a process where some form of overall order arises from local interactions between parts of an initially disordered system. The process can be spontaneous when sufficient energy is available, not needing control by any external agent. It is often triggered by seemingly random fluctuations, amplified by positive feedback. The resulting organization is wholly decentralized, distributed over all the components of the system. As such, the organization is typically robust and able to survive or self-repair substantial perturbation. Chaos theory discusses self-organization in terms of islands of predictability in a sea of chaotic unpredictability.
Self-organization occurs in many physical, chemical, biological, robotic, and cognitive systems. Examples of self-organization include crystallization, thermal convection of fluids, chemical oscillation, animal swarming, neural circuits, and black markets.
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See also
- Autopoiesis
- Autowave
- Self-organized criticality control
- Free energy principle
- Information theory
- Constructal law
- Swarm intelligence
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Antonym
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