Self-organization
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| - | The [[behavior]] of a [[complex system]] is often said to be due to [[emergence]] and [[self-organization]]. [[Chaos theory]] has investigated the sensitivity of systems to variations in initial conditions as one cause of complex behaviour. | + | '''Self-organization''', also called (in the [[social science]]s) [[spontaneous order]], is a process where some form of overall [[order and disorder|order]] arises from local interactions between parts of an initially disordered [[system]]. The process can be spontaneous when sufficient energy is available, not needing control by any external agent. It is often triggered by seemingly random [[Statistical fluctuations|fluctuations]], amplified by [[positive feedback]]. The resulting organization is wholly decentralized, [[:wikt:distribute|distributed]] over all the components of the system. As such, the organization is typically [[robust (disambiguation)|robust]] and able to survive or self-repair substantial perturbation. [[Chaos theory]] discusses self-organization in terms of islands of [[predictability]] in a sea of chaotic unpredictability. |
| - | Complex behavior can be caused by multitasking of brain.[[The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two]] | + | |
| + | Self-organization occurs in many [[physics|physical]], [[chemistry|chemical]], [[biology|biological]], [[robotics|robotic]], and [[cognitive]] systems. Examples of self-organization include [[crystallization]], thermal [[convection]] of fluids, [[chemical oscillator|chemical oscillation]], animal [[swarming]], [[neural circuit]]s, and [[black market]]s. | ||
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| + | ==See also== | ||
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| + | * [[Autopoiesis]] | ||
| + | * [[Autowave]] | ||
| + | * [[Self-organized criticality control]] | ||
| + | * [[Free energy principle]] | ||
| + | * [[Information theory]] | ||
| + | * [[Constructal law]] | ||
| + | * [[Swarm intelligence]] | ||
| + | ==Antonym== | ||
| + | *[[Entropy]] | ||
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Self-organization, also called (in the social sciences) spontaneous order, is a process where some form of overall order arises from local interactions between parts of an initially disordered system. The process can be spontaneous when sufficient energy is available, not needing control by any external agent. It is often triggered by seemingly random fluctuations, amplified by positive feedback. The resulting organization is wholly decentralized, distributed over all the components of the system. As such, the organization is typically robust and able to survive or self-repair substantial perturbation. Chaos theory discusses self-organization in terms of islands of predictability in a sea of chaotic unpredictability.
Self-organization occurs in many physical, chemical, biological, robotic, and cognitive systems. Examples of self-organization include crystallization, thermal convection of fluids, chemical oscillation, animal swarming, neural circuits, and black markets.
See also
- Autopoiesis
- Autowave
- Self-organized criticality control
- Free energy principle
- Information theory
- Constructal law
- Swarm intelligence
Antonym
