Gospel
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| + | "Even if thou wouldst deny the miracles of the [[New Testament]], still thou canst not deny that the victory of that [[gospel|Evangel]] was in itself a miracle. A little troop of unprotected men pressed into the great [[Roman world]], defying both its satellites and its sages, and triumphed by the [[Word]] alone. But what a Word! Dry and crumbling [[heathenism]] shook and was shattered by the words and voice of these foreign men and women, who announced a new [[kingdom of heaven]], and feared nothing in the old world, not the claws of [[wild beasts]], nor the wrath of wilder men, nor fire or sword — for they themselves were the fire and sword -- sword and fire, of [[God]]."--"[[The Gods in Exile]]" (1853) by Heinrich Heine | ||
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| '''Gospel''' originally meant the [[Christianity|Christian]] message ("[[the gospel]]"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was reported. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words and deeds of [[Jesus]], culminating in [[trial of Jesus|his trial]] and [[crucifixion of Jesus|death]] and concluding with various reports of [[resurrection of Jesus#Biblical accounts|his post-resurrection appearances]]. Modern [[Biblical studies|biblical scholars]] are cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically, but nevertheless, they provide a good idea of the public career of Jesus, and critical study can attempt to distinguish the original ideas of Jesus from those of the later [[Early Christian writers|Christian authors]]. | '''Gospel''' originally meant the [[Christianity|Christian]] message ("[[the gospel]]"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was reported. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words and deeds of [[Jesus]], culminating in [[trial of Jesus|his trial]] and [[crucifixion of Jesus|death]] and concluding with various reports of [[resurrection of Jesus#Biblical accounts|his post-resurrection appearances]]. Modern [[Biblical studies|biblical scholars]] are cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically, but nevertheless, they provide a good idea of the public career of Jesus, and critical study can attempt to distinguish the original ideas of Jesus from those of the later [[Early Christian writers|Christian authors]]. | ||
Revision as of 13:28, 25 May 2024
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"Even if thou wouldst deny the miracles of the New Testament, still thou canst not deny that the victory of that Evangel was in itself a miracle. A little troop of unprotected men pressed into the great Roman world, defying both its satellites and its sages, and triumphed by the Word alone. But what a Word! Dry and crumbling heathenism shook and was shattered by the words and voice of these foreign men and women, who announced a new kingdom of heaven, and feared nothing in the old world, not the claws of wild beasts, nor the wrath of wilder men, nor fire or sword — for they themselves were the fire and sword -- sword and fire, of God."--"The Gods in Exile" (1853) by Heinrich Heine |
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Gospel originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was reported. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words and deeds of Jesus, culminating in his trial and death and concluding with various reports of his post-resurrection appearances. Modern biblical scholars are cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically, but nevertheless, they provide a good idea of the public career of Jesus, and critical study can attempt to distinguish the original ideas of Jesus from those of the later Christian authors.
The canonical gospels are the four which appear in the New Testament of the Bible. They were probably written between AD 66 and 110. Most scholars hold that all four were anonymous (with the modern names of the "Four Evangelists" added in the 2nd century), almost certainly none were by eyewitnesses, and all are the end-products of long oral and written transmission. According to the majority of scholars, Mark was the first to be written, using a variety of sources, followed by Matthew and Luke, which both independently used Mark for their narrative of Jesus's career, supplementing it with a collection of sayings called "the Q source", and additional material unique to each. There is near-consensus that John had its origins as the hypothetical Signs Gospel thought to have been circulated within a Johannine community.
Many non-canonical gospels were also written, all later than the four canonical gospels, and like them advocating the particular theological views of their various authors. Important examples include the gospels of Thomas, Peter, Judas, and Mary; infancy gospels such as that of James (the first to introduce the perpetual virginity of Mary); and gospel harmonies such as the Diatessaron.
See also
- Agrapha
- Apocalyptic literature
- The Aquarian Gospel of Jesus the Christ
- Authorship of the Bible
- Bodmer Papyri
- Dating the Bible
- Fifth gospel (genre)
- The gospel
- Gospel (liturgy)
- Gospel harmony
- Gospel music
- Jesusism
- Jewish-Christian gospels
