Tabloid journalism
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| - | '''Composograph''' refers to a forerunner method of [[photo manipulation]] and is a retouched photographic [[collage]] popularized by publisher and [[physical culture]] advocate [[Bernarr Macfadden]] in his ''[[New York Graphic]]'' in 1924. | ||
| - | The ''Graphic'' was dubbed "The ''Porno-Graphic''" by critics of the time and has been called "one of the low points in the history of American journalism. Exploitative and mendacious, in its short life (it closed operations in 1932) the ''Graphic'' defined "[[tabloid journalism]] and launched the careers of [[Ed Sullivan]] and [[Walter Winchell]], who developed the modern [[gossip column]] there. Film director [[Sam Fuller]] worked for the ''Evening Graphic'' as a crime reporter. | + | '''Tabloid journalism''' is a popular style of largely [[sensationalism|sensationalist]] [[journalism]] (usually dramatized and sometimes unverifiable or even [[Fake news|blatantly false]]), which takes its name from the [[Tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloid newspaper format]]: a small-sized newspaper also known as half [[broadsheet]]. |
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| - | "Composographic" images were literally cut and pasted together using images of the heads or faces of current celebrities, [[glue]]d onto staged images created in Macfadden's in-house studio, often using newspaper staffers as [[body double]]s. They represented events that were inconvenient to photograph, particularly with the equipment of the day: private bedrooms and bathtubs, [[Rudolph Valentino]]'s unsuccessful surgery, Valentino's funeral, and notably on March 17, 1927, a full-page image of Valentino meeting [[Enrico Caruso]] in heaven. The very first faked photograph—that of Alice Jones Rhinelander baring her breast in court (part of the [[Kip Rhinelander]] divorce trial)—is said to have boosted the Graphic's circulation by 100,000 copies. | + | |
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| - | Apart from their sensational subject matter, composographs have relevance as a historical reference point in the current debate over staged and doctored news photos. Some of the ''Graphic'' composographs have an unforgettable eerie visual impact. In a 1997 academic paper called "Staged, faked and mostly naked: Photographic innovations at the Evening Graphic, 1924–1932" and a shorter online essay, "[http://www.unc.edu/~rbstepno/graphic/ The Evening Graphic's Tabloid Reality]," Radford University professor [http://www.stepno.com Bob Stepno] points out that the ''Graphic'' was published before improvements in photojournalism technology and standards that made possible the photo realism of [[Magnum Photos]], [[Black_Star_(photo_agency)|Black Star]] and others during World War II. | + | |
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | * [[Benji the Binman]] | ||
| + | * [[Broadcast syndication]] | ||
| + | * [[Gossip magazine]] | ||
| + | * [[Index of journalism articles]] | ||
| + | * [[Jazz journalism]] – US sensationalist press of the 1920s | ||
| + | * [[Leveson Inquiry]] | ||
| + | * [[Mediatization (media)]], for the social and political consequences of tabloidization | ||
| + | * [[Middle-market newspaper]] | ||
| + | * [[Yellow journalism]] | ||
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Tabloid journalism is a popular style of largely sensationalist journalism (usually dramatized and sometimes unverifiable or even blatantly false), which takes its name from the tabloid newspaper format: a small-sized newspaper also known as half broadsheet.
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See also
- Benji the Binman
- Broadcast syndication
- Gossip magazine
- Index of journalism articles
- Jazz journalism – US sensationalist press of the 1920s
- Leveson Inquiry
- Mediatization (media), for the social and political consequences of tabloidization
- Middle-market newspaper
- Yellow journalism
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Tabloid journalism" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
