Entropy
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| - | '''Entropy''' is a scientific concept as well as a measurable physical property that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. The term and the concept are used in diverse fields, from [[classical thermodynamics]], where it was first recognized, to the microscopic description of nature in [[statistical physics]], and to the principles of [[information theory]]. It has found far-ranging applications in [[chemistry]] and [[physics]], in biological systems and their relation to life, in [[cosmology]], [[economics]], [[sociology]], [[Atmospheric science|weather science]], [[climate change]], and [[information system]]s including the transmission of information in [[telecommunication]]. | + | '''Entropy''' is a scientific concept as well as a measurable physical property that is most commonly associated with a state of [[disorder]], [[randomness]], or [[uncertainty]]. The term and the concept are used in diverse fields, from [[classical thermodynamics]], where it was first recognized, to the microscopic description of nature in [[statistical physics]], and to the principles of [[information theory]]. It has found far-ranging applications in [[chemistry]] and [[physics]], in biological systems and their relation to life, in [[cosmology]], [[economics]], [[sociology]], [[Atmospheric science|weather science]], [[climate change]], and [[information system]]s including the transmission of information in [[telecommunication]]. |
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| == See also == | == See also == | ||
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| * [[Autocatalytic reactions and order creation]] | * [[Autocatalytic reactions and order creation]] | ||
| + | * [[Boltzmann entropy]] – a type of Gibbs entropy, which neglects internal statistical correlations in the overall particle distribution | ||
| * [[Brownian ratchet]] | * [[Brownian ratchet]] | ||
| * [[Clausius–Duhem inequality]] | * [[Clausius–Duhem inequality]] | ||
| * [[Configuration entropy]] | * [[Configuration entropy]] | ||
| + | * [[Conformational entropy]] – associated with the physical arrangement of a [[polymer]] chain that assumes a compact or [[globular protein|globular]] state in solution | ||
| * [[Departure function]] | * [[Departure function]] | ||
| * [[Enthalpy]] | * [[Enthalpy]] | ||
| + | * [[Entropic explosion]] – an explosion in which the reactants expand without releasing much heat | ||
| * [[Entropic force]] | * [[Entropic force]] | ||
| + | * [[Entropy unit]] | ||
| * [[Entropic value at risk]] | * [[Entropic value at risk]] | ||
| * [[Entropy (information theory)]] | * [[Entropy (information theory)]] | ||
| * [[Entropy (computing)]] | * [[Entropy (computing)]] | ||
| + | * [[Entropy (statistical thermodynamics)]] | ||
| * [[Entropy and life]] | * [[Entropy and life]] | ||
| * [[Entropy (order and disorder)]] | * [[Entropy (order and disorder)]] | ||
| + | * [[Entropy of mixing]] – the change in the entropy when two different [[chemical substance]]s or [[component (thermodynamics)|components]] are mixed | ||
| * [[Entropy rate]] | * [[Entropy rate]] | ||
| * [[Entropy production]] | * [[Entropy production]] | ||
| * [[Extropianism#Extropy|Extropy]] | * [[Extropianism#Extropy|Extropy]] | ||
| + | * [[Free entropy]] – a thermodynamic potential analogous to free energy | ||
| * [[Geometrical frustration]] | * [[Geometrical frustration]] | ||
| + | * [[Gibbs entropy]] – a precise definition of entropy | ||
| * [[Harmonic entropy]] | * [[Harmonic entropy]] | ||
| * [[Heat death of the universe]] | * [[Heat death of the universe]] | ||
| * [[Info-metrics]] | * [[Info-metrics]] | ||
| * [[Laws of thermodynamics]] | * [[Laws of thermodynamics]] | ||
| + | * [[Loop entropy]] – is the entropy lost upon bringing together two residues of a polymer within a prescribed distance | ||
| * [[Multiplicity function]] | * [[Multiplicity function]] | ||
| * [[Negentropy]] (negative entropy) | * [[Negentropy]] (negative entropy) | ||
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| * [[Phase space#Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics|Phase space]] | * [[Phase space#Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics|Phase space]] | ||
| * [[Principle of maximum entropy]] | * [[Principle of maximum entropy]] | ||
| + | * [[Residual entropy]] – the entropy present after a substance is cooled arbitrarily close to [[absolute zero]] | ||
| + | * [[Sackur–Tetrode equation|Sackur–Tetrode entropy]] – the entropy of a monatomic classical ideal gas determined via quantum considerations | ||
| + | * [[Standard molar entropy]] – the entropy in one mole of substance under [[standard temperature and pressure|STP]] | ||
| * [[Stirling's formula]] | * [[Stirling's formula]] | ||
| * [[Thermodynamic databases for pure substances]] | * [[Thermodynamic databases for pure substances]] | ||
| * [[Thermodynamic potential]] | * [[Thermodynamic potential]] | ||
| * [[Thermodynamic equilibrium]] | * [[Thermodynamic equilibrium]] | ||
| - | * Wavelet entropy | + | * [[Tsallis entropy]] – a generalization of the Boltzmann and Gibbs definitions |
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
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"It was not easy for a person brought up in the ways of classical thermodynamics to come around to the idea that gain of entropy eventually is nothing more nor less than loss of information."--Gilbert Newton Lewis in a letter to Irving Langmuir, 5 Aug 1930 |
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Entropy is a scientific concept as well as a measurable physical property that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. The term and the concept are used in diverse fields, from classical thermodynamics, where it was first recognized, to the microscopic description of nature in statistical physics, and to the principles of information theory. It has found far-ranging applications in chemistry and physics, in biological systems and their relation to life, in cosmology, economics, sociology, weather science, climate change, and information systems including the transmission of information in telecommunication.
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See also
- Autocatalytic reactions and order creation
- Boltzmann entropy – a type of Gibbs entropy, which neglects internal statistical correlations in the overall particle distribution
- Brownian ratchet
- Clausius–Duhem inequality
- Configuration entropy
- Conformational entropy – associated with the physical arrangement of a polymer chain that assumes a compact or globular state in solution
- Departure function
- Enthalpy
- Entropic explosion – an explosion in which the reactants expand without releasing much heat
- Entropic force
- Entropy unit
- Entropic value at risk
- Entropy (information theory)
- Entropy (computing)
- Entropy (statistical thermodynamics)
- Entropy and life
- Entropy (order and disorder)
- Entropy of mixing – the change in the entropy when two different chemical substances or components are mixed
- Entropy rate
- Entropy production
- Extropy
- Free entropy – a thermodynamic potential analogous to free energy
- Geometrical frustration
- Gibbs entropy – a precise definition of entropy
- Harmonic entropy
- Heat death of the universe
- Info-metrics
- Laws of thermodynamics
- Loop entropy – is the entropy lost upon bringing together two residues of a polymer within a prescribed distance
- Multiplicity function
- Negentropy (negative entropy)
- Orders of magnitude (entropy)
- Phase space
- Principle of maximum entropy
- Residual entropy – the entropy present after a substance is cooled arbitrarily close to absolute zero
- Sackur–Tetrode entropy – the entropy of a monatomic classical ideal gas determined via quantum considerations
- Standard molar entropy – the entropy in one mole of substance under STP
- Stirling's formula
- Thermodynamic databases for pure substances
- Thermodynamic potential
- Thermodynamic equilibrium
- Tsallis entropy – a generalization of the Boltzmann and Gibbs definitions
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Entropy" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
