Guillaume Apollinaire
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| |}[[Image:Salut monde by Guillaume Apollinaire.jpg|thumb|right|200px|"[[Salut monde]]" by [[Guillaume Apollinaire]]]] | |}[[Image:Salut monde by Guillaume Apollinaire.jpg|thumb|right|200px|"[[Salut monde]]" by [[Guillaume Apollinaire]]]] | ||
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| - | '''Guillaume Apollinaire''' ([[August 26]], [[1880]] – [[November 9]], [[1918]]) was a [[French poet]], [[writer]], and [[art critic]] born in Italy to a Polish mother. Among the [[foremost]] poets of the early 20th century, he is credited with coining the word [[surrealism]] and writing one of the earliest works described as [[surrealist]], the [[play]] ''[[Les Mamelles de Tirésias]]'' ([[1917]]) and is noted for his bibliographic work in such collections as ''[[Bibliothèque des curieux]]''. Two years after being wounded in [[World War I]], he died at 38 of the [[Spanish flu]] during a pandemic. | + | '''Guillaume Apollinaire''' ([[August 26]], [[1880]] – [[November 9]], [[1918]]) was a [[French poet]], [[writer]], and [[art critic]] born in Italy to a Polish mother. Among the [[foremost]] poets of the early 20th century, he is credited with coining the word [[surrealism]] and writing one of the earliest works described as [[surrealist]], the play ''[[Les Mamelles de Tirésias]]'' ([[1917]]) and is noted for his bibliographic work in such collections as ''[[Bibliothèque des curieux]]''. Two years after being wounded in [[World War I]], he died at 38 of the [[Spanish flu]] during a pandemic. |
| ==Works== | ==Works== | ||
| Apollinaire's first collection of [[poetry]] was ''L'enchanteur pourrissant'' ([[1909]]), but ''[[Alcools]]'' ([[1913]]) established his reputation. The poems, influenced in part by the [[symbolism (arts)|Symbolist]]s, juxtapose the old and the new, combining traditional poetic forms with modern imagery. In [[1913]], Apollinaire published the [[essay]] ''[[Les Peintres cubistes]]'' on the [[cubist]] painters, a movement which he helped to define. He also coined the term ''[[orphism]]'' to describe a tendency towards absolute abstraction in the paintings of [[Robert Delaunay]] and others. | Apollinaire's first collection of [[poetry]] was ''L'enchanteur pourrissant'' ([[1909]]), but ''[[Alcools]]'' ([[1913]]) established his reputation. The poems, influenced in part by the [[symbolism (arts)|Symbolist]]s, juxtapose the old and the new, combining traditional poetic forms with modern imagery. In [[1913]], Apollinaire published the [[essay]] ''[[Les Peintres cubistes]]'' on the [[cubist]] painters, a movement which he helped to define. He also coined the term ''[[orphism]]'' to describe a tendency towards absolute abstraction in the paintings of [[Robert Delaunay]] and others. | ||
Revision as of 09:27, 27 December 2021
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"In the early 20th century, Guillaume Apollinaire radicalized the Baudelairian poetic exploration of modern life in evoking planes, the Eiffel Tower and urban wastelands, and he brought poetry into contact with cubism through his "Calligrammes", a form of visual poetry."--Sholem Stein |
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Guillaume Apollinaire (August 26, 1880 – November 9, 1918) was a French poet, writer, and art critic born in Italy to a Polish mother. Among the foremost poets of the early 20th century, he is credited with coining the word surrealism and writing one of the earliest works described as surrealist, the play Les Mamelles de Tirésias (1917) and is noted for his bibliographic work in such collections as Bibliothèque des curieux. Two years after being wounded in World War I, he died at 38 of the Spanish flu during a pandemic.
Works
Apollinaire's first collection of poetry was L'enchanteur pourrissant (1909), but Alcools (1913) established his reputation. The poems, influenced in part by the Symbolists, juxtapose the old and the new, combining traditional poetic forms with modern imagery. In 1913, Apollinaire published the essay Les Peintres cubistes on the cubist painters, a movement which he helped to define. He also coined the term orphism to describe a tendency towards absolute abstraction in the paintings of Robert Delaunay and others.
In 1907, Apollinaire wrote the well-known erotic novel, The Eleven Thousand Rods (Les Onze Mille Verges). Officially banned in France until 1970, various printings of it circulated widely for many years. Apollinaire never publicly acknowledged authorship of the novel. Another erotic novel attributed to him was The Exploits of a Young Don Juan (Les exploits d'un jeune Don Juan), in which the 15-year-old hero fathers three children with various members of his entourage, including his aunt. The book was made into a movie in 1987.
Shortly after his death, Calligrammes, a collection of his concrete poetry (poetry in which typography and layout adds to the overall effect), was published.
In his youth Apollinaire lived for a short while in Belgium, but mastered Walloon sufficiently to write poetry through that medium, some of which has survived.
Poetry:
- Le bestiaire ou le cortège d’Orphée, 1911
- Alcools, 1913
- Vitam impendere amori', 1917
- Calligrammes, poèmes de la paix et de la guerre 1913-1916, 1918 (published shortly after Apollinaire's death)
- Il y a..., 1925
- Ombre de mon amour, poems addressed to Louise de Coligny-Châtillon, 1947
- Poèmes secrets à Madeleine, pirated edition, 1949
- Le Guetteur mélancolique, previously unpublished works, 1952
- Poèmes à Lou, 1955
- Soldes, previously unpublished works, 1985
- Et moi aussi je suis peintre, album of drawings for Calligrammes, from a private collection, published 2006
Prose:
- Mirely ou le Petit Trou pas cher, 1900
- "Que faire?",
- Les Onze Mille Verges ou les amours d'un hospodar, 1907
- L'enchanteur pourrissant, 1909
- L'Hérèsiarque et Cie (short story collection), 1910
- Les exploits d’un jeune Don Juan, 1911
- La Rome des Borgia, 1914
- La Fin de Babylone - L'Histoire romanesque 1/3, 1914
- Les Trois Don Juan - L'Histoire romanesque 2/3, 1915
- Le poète assassiné, 1916
- La femme assise, 1920
- Les Épingles (short story collection), 1928
Plays:
- Les Mamelles de Tirésias, play, 1917
- La Bréhatine, screenplay (collaboration with André Billy), 1917
- Couleurs du temps, 1918
- Casanova, published 1952
Articles:
- Le Théâtre Italien, illustrated encyclopedia, 1910
- Pages d'histoire, chronique des grands siècles de France, chronicles, 1912
- Méditations esthétiques. Les peintres cubistes, 1913
- La Peinture moderne, 1913
- L'Antitradition futuriste, manifeste synthèse, 1913
- Case d'Armons, 1915
- L'esprit nouveau et les poètes, 1918
- Le Flâneur des Deux Rives, chronicles, 1918
Bibliographie
- Poésie
- Le Bestiaire ou cortège d'Orphée, illustré de gravures par Raoul Dufy, Deplanche, 1911. Cet ouvrage a également été illustré de lithographies en couleurs par Jean Picart Le Doux, Les Bibliophiles de France, 1962.
- Alcools, recueil de poèmes composés entre 1898 et 1913, Mercure de France, 1913.
- Vitam impendere amori, illustré par André Rouveyre, Mercure de France, 1917.
- Calligrammes, poèmes de la paix et de la guerre 1913-1916, Mercure de France, 1918.
- Il y a..., recueil posthume, Messein, 1925.
- Ombre de mon amour, poèmes adressés à Louise de Coligny-Châtillon, Cailler, 1947.
- Poèmes secrets à Madeleine, édition pirate, 1949.
- Le Guetteur mélancolique, poèmes inédits, Gallimard, 1952.
- Poèmes à Lou, Cailler, 1955.
- Soldes, poèmes inédits, Fata Morgana, 1985
- Et moi aussi je suis peintre, album d'idéogrammes lyriques coloriés, resté à l'état d'épreuve. Les idéogrammes seront insérés dans le recueil Calligrammes, Le temps qu'il fait, 2006.
- Romans et contes
- Mirely ou le Petit Trou pas cher, roman érotique écrit sous pseudonyme pour un libraire de la rue Saint-Roch à Paris, 1900.
- Que faire ?, roman-feuilleton paru dans le journal Le Matin, signé Esnard, auquel G.A. sert de nègre.
- Les Onze Mille Verges ou les amours d'un hospodar, publié sous couverture muette, 1907.
- L'Enchanteur pourrissant, illustré de gravures d'André Derain, Kahnweiler, 1909.
- L'Hérésiarque et Cie, contes, Stock, 1910.
- Les Exploits d'un jeune Don Juan, roman érotique, publié sous couverture muette, 1911.
- La Rome des Borgia, qui est en fait de la main de Dalize, Bibliothèque des Curieux, 1914.
- La Fin de Babylone - L'Histoire romanesque 1/3, Bibliothèque des Curieux,1914.
- Les Trois Don Juan - L'Histoire romanesque 2/3, Bibliothèque de Curieux, 1915.
- Le Poète assassiné, contes, L'Édition, Bibliothèque de Curieux, 1916.
- La Femme assise, inachevé, édition posthume, Gallimard, 1920.
- Les Épingles, contes, 1928.
- Ouvrages critiques et chroniques
- La Phalange nouvelle, conférence, 1909.
- L'Œuvre du Marquis de Sade, pages choisies, introduction, essai bibliographique et notes, Paris, Bibliothèque des Curieux, 1909, première anthologie publiée en France sur le marquis de Sade.
- l'Œuvre poétique de Charles Baudelaire, introduction et notes à l'édition des Maîtres de l'amour, Collection des Classiques Galants, 1924 Paris
- Les Poèmes de l'année, conférence, 1909.
- Les Poètes d'aujourd'hui, conférence, 1909.
- Le Théâtre italien, encyclopédie littéraire illustrée, 1910
- Pages d'histoire, chronique des grands siècles de France, chronique historique, 1912
- La Peinture moderne, 1913.
- Méditations esthétiques. Les Peintres cubistes, 1913.
- L'Antitradition futuriste, manifeste synthèse, 1913.
- Le Flâneur des deux rives, chroniques, Éditions de la Sirène, 1918.
- Les Diables amoureux, recueil des travaux pour les Maîtres de l'Amour et le Coffret du bibliophile, Gallimard, 1964.
Références :
- Œuvres en prose complètes. Tomes II et III, Gallimard, "Bibliothèque de la Pléiade", 1991 et 1993.
- Petites merveilles du quotidien, textes retrouvés, Fata Morgana, 1979.
- Petites flâneries d'art, textes retrouvés, Fata Morgana, 1980.
- Théâtre et cinéma
- Les Mamelles de Tirésias, drame surréaliste en deux actes et un prologue, 1917.
- La Bréhatine, scénario de cinéma écrit en collaboration avec André Billy, 1917.<ref>Publié dans l'« Anthologie du cinéma invisible » de Christian Janicot, éd. Jean-Michel Place/Arte, Paris 1995.</ref>
- Couleurs du temps, 1918, réédition 1949
- Casanova, comédie parodique, 1952.
- Correspondance
- Lettres à sa marraine 1915–1918, 1948.
- Tendre comme le souvenir, lettres à Madeleine Pagès, 1952.
- Lettres à Lou, édition de Michel Décaudin, Gallimard, 1969.
- Lettres à Madeleine. Tendre comme le souvenir, édition revue et augmentée par Laurence Campa, Gallimard, 2005.
- Correspondance avec les artistes, Gallimard, 2009.
- Journal
- Journal intime (1898-1918), édition de Michel Décaudin, fac-similé d'un cahier inédit d'Apollinaire, 1991.
