Japan
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| [[Image:The Great Wave off Kanagawa by Hokusai.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[The Great Wave off Kanagawa]]'' ([[1820s]]), [[woodblock printing in Japan|woodblock printing]] by [[Hokusai]]]] | [[Image:The Great Wave off Kanagawa by Hokusai.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[The Great Wave off Kanagawa]]'' ([[1820s]]), [[woodblock printing in Japan|woodblock printing]] by [[Hokusai]]]] | ||
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| - | '''Japan''' is an [[island country]] in [[East Asia]], located in the northwest [[Pacific Ocean]]. It is bordered on the west by the [[Sea of Japan]], and extends from the [[Sea of Okhotsk]] in the north toward the [[East China Sea]] and [[Taiwan]] in the south. [[Tokyo]] is Japan's capital and largest city. | + | '''Japan''' is an island country in [[East Asia]], located in the northwest [[Pacific Ocean]]. |
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| - | Japan is the [[List of countries and dependencies by population|eleventh-most populous country]] in the world, as well as one of the [[List of countries and dependencies by population density|most densely populated]] and [[Urbanization by country|urbanized]]. About three-fourths of the [[Geography of Japan|country's terrain]] is mountainous, concentrating its population of 125.57 million on narrow coastal plains. | + | |
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| - | Japan [[Japanese Paleolithic|has been inhabited]] since the [[Upper Paleolithic]] period (30,000 BC), though the first mentions of the archipelago appear in [[Book of Han|Chinese chronicles]] from the 1st century AD. Between the 4th and 9th centuries, the kingdoms of Japan became unified under an [[Emperor of Japan|emperor]] and his [[Imperial House of Japan|imperial court]] based in [[Heian-kyō]]. Beginning in the 12th century, political power was held by a series of military dictators (''[[Shogun|shōgun]]'') and feudal lords (''[[Daimyo|daimyō]]''), and enforced by a class of warrior nobility (''[[samurai]]''). After a [[Sengoku period|century-long period of civil war]], the country was reunified in 1603 under the [[Tokugawa shogunate]], which enacted an [[Sakoku|isolationist foreign policy]]. In 1854, a [[Perry Expedition|United States fleet]] forced Japan to [[Bakumatsu|open trade to the West]], which led to [[Boshin War|the end of the shogunate]] and the [[Meiji Restoration|restoration of imperial power]] in 1868. In the [[Meiji (era)|Meiji period]], the [[Empire of Japan]] adopted a [[Meiji Constitution|Western-styled constitution]] and pursued a program of [[Industrialisation|industrialization]] and [[Modernization theory|modernization]]. In 1937, Japan [[Second Sino-Japanese War|invaded China]]; in 1941, it entered [[World War II]] as an [[Axis powers|Axis power]]. After suffering defeat in the [[Pacific War]] and [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|two atomic bombings]], Japan [[Surrender of Japan|surrendered]] in 1945 and came under a seven-year [[Occupation of Japan|Allied occupation]], during which it adopted a [[Constitution of Japan|new constitution]]. Since 1947, Japan has maintained a [[Unitary state|unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]] with a [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] legislature, the [[National Diet]]. | + | |
| Japan is a [[great power]] and a member of numerous international organizations, including the [[United Nations]] (since 1956), the [[OECD]], and the [[Group of Seven]]. Although it has [[Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution|renounced its right to declare war]], the country maintains [[Japan Self-Defense Forces|Self-Defense Forces]] that are ranked as the world's [[Military#Capability development|fourth-most powerful military]]. After World War II, Japan experienced [[Japanese economic miracle|high economic growth]], becoming the [[List of countries by largest historical GDP|second-largest economy]] in the world by 1990 before being surpassed by China in 2010. Despite [[Economic stagnation|stagnant growth]] since the [[Lost Decade (Japan)|Lost Decade]], the [[Economy of Japan|country's economy]] remains the [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|third-largest by nominal GDP]] and the [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|fourth-largest by PPP]]. A leader in the [[Automotive industry in Japan|automotive]] and [[Electronics industry in Japan|electronics industries]], Japan has made significant contributions to [[Science and technology in Japan|science and technology]]. Ranked the [[List of countries in Asia and Oceania by Human Development Index|second-highest country]] on the [[Human Development Index]] in Asia after [[Singapore]], Japan has the world's [[List of countries by life expectancy|second-highest life expectancy]], though it is experiencing a [[Aging of Japan|decline in population]]. The [[culture of Japan]] is well-known around the world, including its [[Japanese art|art]], [[Japanese cuisine|cuisine]], [[Music of Japan|music]], and [[Japanese popular culture|popular culture]], which encompasses prominent [[Anime|animation]] and [[Video games in Japan|video game]] industries. | Japan is a [[great power]] and a member of numerous international organizations, including the [[United Nations]] (since 1956), the [[OECD]], and the [[Group of Seven]]. Although it has [[Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution|renounced its right to declare war]], the country maintains [[Japan Self-Defense Forces|Self-Defense Forces]] that are ranked as the world's [[Military#Capability development|fourth-most powerful military]]. After World War II, Japan experienced [[Japanese economic miracle|high economic growth]], becoming the [[List of countries by largest historical GDP|second-largest economy]] in the world by 1990 before being surpassed by China in 2010. Despite [[Economic stagnation|stagnant growth]] since the [[Lost Decade (Japan)|Lost Decade]], the [[Economy of Japan|country's economy]] remains the [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|third-largest by nominal GDP]] and the [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|fourth-largest by PPP]]. A leader in the [[Automotive industry in Japan|automotive]] and [[Electronics industry in Japan|electronics industries]], Japan has made significant contributions to [[Science and technology in Japan|science and technology]]. Ranked the [[List of countries in Asia and Oceania by Human Development Index|second-highest country]] on the [[Human Development Index]] in Asia after [[Singapore]], Japan has the world's [[List of countries by life expectancy|second-highest life expectancy]], though it is experiencing a [[Aging of Japan|decline in population]]. The [[culture of Japan]] is well-known around the world, including its [[Japanese art|art]], [[Japanese cuisine|cuisine]], [[Music of Japan|music]], and [[Japanese popular culture|popular culture]], which encompasses prominent [[Anime|animation]] and [[Video games in Japan|video game]] industries. | ||
Revision as of 09:14, 13 February 2021
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Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the northwest Pacific Ocean.
Japan is a great power and a member of numerous international organizations, including the United Nations (since 1956), the OECD, and the Group of Seven. Although it has renounced its right to declare war, the country maintains Self-Defense Forces that are ranked as the world's fourth-most powerful military. After World War II, Japan experienced high economic growth, becoming the second-largest economy in the world by 1990 before being surpassed by China in 2010. Despite stagnant growth since the Lost Decade, the country's economy remains the third-largest by nominal GDP and the fourth-largest by PPP. A leader in the automotive and electronics industries, Japan has made significant contributions to science and technology. Ranked the second-highest country on the Human Development Index in Asia after Singapore, Japan has the world's second-highest life expectancy, though it is experiencing a decline in population. The culture of Japan is well-known around the world, including its art, cuisine, music, and popular culture, which encompasses prominent animation and video game industries.
Notes
Culture: Tokyo - Japanese cinema - Japanese culture - Japanese erotica - Japanese exploitation - Japanese literature - Japanese music - Japonisme - manga - otaku
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