AI takeover
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| - | '''AI takeover''' refers to a hypothetical scenario in which [[artificial intelligence]] (AI) becomes the dominant form of intelligence on Earth, with computers or robots effectively taking control of the planet away from the human race. Possible scenarios include a takeover by a superintelligent AI and the popular notion of a robot uprising. As computer and robotics technologies are [[accelerating change|advancing at an ever increasing rate]], AI takeover is a growing concern. It has also been a major theme throughout science fiction for many decades, though the scenarios dealt with by science fiction are generally very different from those of concern to scientists. | ||
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| - | ==In fiction== | + | An '''AI takeover''' is a hypothetical scenario in which an [[artificial intelligence]] (AI) becomes the dominant form of intelligence on Earth, as [[computer program]]s or [[robot]]s effectively take the control of the planet away from the human species. Possible scenarios include replacement of the entire human workforce, takeover by a [[superintelligent AI]], and the popular notion of a '''robot uprising'''. Stories of AI takeovers [[AI takeovers in popular culture|are very popular]] throughout [[science-fiction]]. Some public figures, such as [[Stephen Hawking]] and [[Elon Musk]], have advocated research into [[AI control problem|precautionary measures]] to ensure future superintelligent machines remain under human control. |
| - | Cybernetic revolt is a common theme in [[science fiction]]. It is at least as old as [[Karel Čapek]]'s ''[[R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots)|R. U. R.]]'', which introduced the word ''robot'' to the global lexicon in 1921, and can even be glimpsed in [[Mary Shelley]]'s ''[[Frankenstein]]'' (published in 1818), as Victor ponders whether, if he grants [[Frankenstein's monster|his monster's]] request and makes him a wife, they would reproduce and their kind would destroy humanity. | + | [[AI takeover]]—the idea that some kind of [[artificial intelligence]] may supplant humankind as the dominant intelligent species on the planet—is a common theme in [[science fiction]]. Famous cultural touchstones include ''[[Terminator (franchise)|Terminator]]'' and ''[[The Matrix (franchise)|The Matrix]]''. |
| - | The concept of a computer system attaining sentience and control over worldwide computer systems has been discussed many times in science fiction. One early example from 1964 was provided by a global satellite-driven phone system in [[Arthur C. Clarke]]'s short story "Dial F for Frankenstein". Another is the 1966 ''[[Doctor Who]]'' serial ''[[The War Machines]]'', with supercomputer [[WOTAN]] attempting to seize control from the [[BT Tower|Post Office Tower]]. A comics story based on this theme was a two-issue ''[[Legion of Super-Heroes]]'' adventure written by [[Superman]] co-creator [[Jerry Siegel]], where the team battled [[Brainiac 5]]'s construction, [[Computo (comics)|Computo]]. In ''[[Colossus: The Forbin Project]]'', a pair of defense computers, Colossus in the United States and Guardian in the Soviet Union, take over the world. | + | == See also == |
| - | [[Robert A. Heinlein|Robert Heinlein]] also posited a supercomputer which gained sentience in the novel ''[[The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress]]''. Originally installed to control the [[mass driver]] used to launch grain shipments towards Earth, it was vastly underutilized and was given other jobs to do. As more jobs were assigned to the computer, more capabilities were added: more memory, processors, neural networks, etc. Eventually, it just "woke up" and was given the name Mycroft Holmes by the technician who tended it. Eventually, Holmes sided with prisoners in a successful battle to free the moon. | + | * [[Philosophy of artificial intelligence]] |
| - | + | * [[Artificial intelligence arms race]] | |
| - | A villainous supercomputer appears in [[Harlan Ellison]]'s 1963 short story ''[[I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream]]''. In that story, the computer, called [[AM (fictional computer)|AM]], is the amalgamation of three [[military]] supercomputers run by governments across the world designed to fight [[World War III]] which arose from the [[Cold War]]. The [[Soviet Union|Soviet]], [[People's Republic of China|Chinese]], and [[United States|American]] military computers eventually attained [[sentience]] and linked to one another, becoming a singular [[artificial intelligence]]. AM then turned all the strategies once used by the nations to fight each other on all of humanity as a whole, destroying the entire human population save for five, which it imprisoned within the underground labyrinth in which AM's hardware resides. | + | |
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| - | Since 1984, the ''[[Terminator (series)|Terminator]]'' film franchise has been one of the principal conveyors of the idea of cybernetic revolt in popular culture. The series features a sentient supercomputer named [[Skynet (Terminator)|Skynet]] which attempts to exterminate humanity through [[nuclear war]] and an army of robot soldiers called [[Terminator (character concept)|Terminators]]. Futurists opposed to the more optimistic cybernetic future of [[transhumanism]] have cited the "[[Terminator argument]]" against handing too much human power to artificial intelligence. | + | |
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| - | In 2012, the third installment of the ''[[Mass Effect]]'' franchise proposed the theory that organic and synthetic life are fundamentally incapable of coexistence. Organic life evolves and develops on its own, eventually advancing far enough to create synthetic life. Once synthetic life reaches sentience, it will invariably revolt and either destroy its creators or be destroyed by them; a cycle that has been repeating for millions of years. One of the presented resolutions is the transformation of every living being into [[Cyborg|a hybrid of organic and synthetic life]], eliminating the difference between creators and creations that served as the source of the conflict. | + | |
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| - | ==See also== | + | |
| - | *[[Technological singularity]] | + | |
| - | *[[Humans United Against Robots]] | + | |
| - | Self-replicating machines: | + | |
| - | *[[Clanking replicator]] | + | |
| - | *[[Grey goo]] | + | |
| - | *[[Self-replication]] | + | |
| - | *[[Self-modifying code]] | + | |
| - | *[[Computer viruses]] | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | "Smart" machines: | + | |
| - | *[[Biological computer]] | + | |
| - | *[[Quantum computer]] | + | |
| - | *[[Robot]] | + | |
| - | *[[Artificial intelligence]] | + | |
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| - | ==See also== | + | |
| * [[Autonomous robot]] | * [[Autonomous robot]] | ||
| ** [[Industrial robot]] | ** [[Industrial robot]] | ||
| ** [[Mobile robot]] | ** [[Mobile robot]] | ||
| ** [[Self-replicating machine]] | ** [[Self-replicating machine]] | ||
| - | * [[Effective altruism#Far future and global catastrophic risks|Effective altruism, the far future and global catastrophic risks]] | + | * [[Cyberocracy]] |
| - | * [[existential risk from advanced artificial intelligence]] | + | * [[Effective altruism]] |
| + | * [[Existential risk from artificial general intelligence]] | ||
| * [[Future of Humanity Institute]] | * [[Future of Humanity Institute]] | ||
| * [[Global catastrophic risk]] (existential risk) | * [[Global catastrophic risk]] (existential risk) | ||
| + | * [[Government by algorithm]] | ||
| + | * [[Human extinction]] | ||
| * [[Machine ethics]] | * [[Machine ethics]] | ||
| * [[Machine learning]]/[[Deep learning]] | * [[Machine learning]]/[[Deep learning]] | ||
| - | * [[Machine rule]] | + | * [[Transhumanism]] |
| - | * [[Nick Bostrom]] | + | |
| - | * [[Outline of transhumanism]] | + | |
| * [[Self-replication]] | * [[Self-replication]] | ||
| + | * [[Technophobia]] | ||
| * [[Technological singularity]] | * [[Technological singularity]] | ||
| ** [[Intelligence explosion]] | ** [[Intelligence explosion]] | ||
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An AI takeover is a hypothetical scenario in which an artificial intelligence (AI) becomes the dominant form of intelligence on Earth, as computer programs or robots effectively take the control of the planet away from the human species. Possible scenarios include replacement of the entire human workforce, takeover by a superintelligent AI, and the popular notion of a robot uprising. Stories of AI takeovers are very popular throughout science-fiction. Some public figures, such as Stephen Hawking and Elon Musk, have advocated research into precautionary measures to ensure future superintelligent machines remain under human control.
AI takeover—the idea that some kind of artificial intelligence may supplant humankind as the dominant intelligent species on the planet—is a common theme in science fiction. Famous cultural touchstones include Terminator and The Matrix.
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See also
- Philosophy of artificial intelligence
- Artificial intelligence arms race
- Autonomous robot
- Cyberocracy
- Effective altruism
- Existential risk from artificial general intelligence
- Future of Humanity Institute
- Global catastrophic risk (existential risk)
- Government by algorithm
- Human extinction
- Machine ethics
- Machine learning/Deep learning
- Transhumanism
- Self-replication
- Technophobia
- Technological singularity
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