Barbarian
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | "The second half of the [[5th century|Fifth Century]] was come, the appalling period when unspeakable troubles afflicted the world. The [[Barbarians]] were ravaging [[Gaul]]; Rome, paralyzed, [[Sack of Rome (410)|sacked]] by the [[Visigoths]], felt her life frozen within her veins as she saw her outlying limbs, the East and the West, struggling in a sea of blood, growing more and more exhausted from day to day."--''[[À rebours]]'' (1884) by Joris-Karl Huysmans | ||
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| + | "THE ages, we call [[Barbarian|barbarous]], present us with many a subject of curious speculation. What, for instance, is more remarkable than the Gothic [[Chivalry]]? or than the spirit of [[Romance]], which took its rise from that singular institution? Nothing in [[human nature]], my dear friend, is without its reasons. The modes and fashions of different times may appear, at first sight, fantastic and unaccountable. But they, who look nearly into them, discover some latent cause of their production."--''[[Letters on Chivalry and Romance]]'' (1762) by Richard Hurd | ||
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| - | "'''Barbarian'''" is a [[Term of abuse|pejorative term]] for an uncivilized, [[uncultured]] person, either in a general reference to a member of a nation or ''[[ethnicity]]'' perceived as having an inferior level of [[civilization]], or in an individual reference to a [[brutal]], [[cruel]], [[insensitive]] person whose behaviour is unacceptable in the society of the speaker. While the latter sense is always pejorative, the former one has not invariably been so, as described below. | + | The term "'''barbarian'''" refers to a person who is perceived to be [[uncultured]]. The word is often used either in a general reference to member of a nation or ''[[ethnic group|ethnos]]'', typically a [[tribal society]] as seen by an urban [[civilization]] either viewed as inferior, or admired as a [[noble savage]]. In idiomatic or figurative usage, a "barbarian" may also be an individual reference to a brutal, cruel, warlike, insensitive person. |
| - | == See also == | + | The term originates from the ancient [[Greeks|Greek]] word βάρβαρος (''barbaros''). Hence the Greek idiom "πᾶς μὴ Ἕλλην βάρβαρος" (''pas mē Hellēn barbaros'') which literally means "whoever is not Greek is a barbarian". In ancient times, Greeks used it for the people of different cultures but also to deride other Greek tribes and states; in the early modern period and sometimes later, they used it for the [[Turkish people|Turks]], in a clearly pejorative way. Comparable notions are found in non-European civilizations. In the [[Roman Empire]], Romans used the word barbarian for the [[Germanic peoples|Germanics]], [[Celts]], [[Carthage|Carthaginians]], [[Iberians]], [[Thracians]], [[Persian people|Persians]] and in some respects the [[Greeks]] themselves. |
| - | *''[[Socialisme ou Barbarie]]'' | + | ==Barbarity== |
| + | #The state of being [[barbarous]]; [[brutality]] | ||
| + | # A [[barbaric]] act | ||
| + | # [[crudity]] | ||
| + | # A [[crude]] act | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *[[Barbarian invasions]] | ||
| + | *[[Barbarism]] | ||
| + | *[[Barbarism (linguistics)]] | ||
| + | *[[Berber (name)]] | ||
| + | *[[Civilization]] | ||
| + | *[[Ethnic groups in Chinese history]] | ||
| + | *[[Ethnocentrism]] | ||
| + | *[[Ethnography]] | ||
| + | *[[Ethnology]] | ||
| + | *[[Mleccha]] | ||
| + | *[[Noble savage]] | ||
| *[[Philistine]] | *[[Philistine]] | ||
| *[[Sack of Rome]] | *[[Sack of Rome]] | ||
| + | *[[Skræling]] | ||
| + | *''[[Socialisme ou Barbarie]]'' | ||
| + | *[[Stateless societies]] | ||
| + | *[[Vandals]] | ||
| + | *[[Future Shock]] | ||
| + | * [[The Sack of Rome by the Barbarians in 410]] by [[Joseph-Noël Sylvestre]] | ||
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"The second half of the Fifth Century was come, the appalling period when unspeakable troubles afflicted the world. The Barbarians were ravaging Gaul; Rome, paralyzed, sacked by the Visigoths, felt her life frozen within her veins as she saw her outlying limbs, the East and the West, struggling in a sea of blood, growing more and more exhausted from day to day."--À rebours (1884) by Joris-Karl Huysmans "THE ages, we call barbarous, present us with many a subject of curious speculation. What, for instance, is more remarkable than the Gothic Chivalry? or than the spirit of Romance, which took its rise from that singular institution? Nothing in human nature, my dear friend, is without its reasons. The modes and fashions of different times may appear, at first sight, fantastic and unaccountable. But they, who look nearly into them, discover some latent cause of their production."--Letters on Chivalry and Romance (1762) by Richard Hurd |
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The term "barbarian" refers to a person who is perceived to be uncultured. The word is often used either in a general reference to member of a nation or ethnos, typically a tribal society as seen by an urban civilization either viewed as inferior, or admired as a noble savage. In idiomatic or figurative usage, a "barbarian" may also be an individual reference to a brutal, cruel, warlike, insensitive person.
The term originates from the ancient Greek word βάρβαρος (barbaros). Hence the Greek idiom "πᾶς μὴ Ἕλλην βάρβαρος" (pas mē Hellēn barbaros) which literally means "whoever is not Greek is a barbarian". In ancient times, Greeks used it for the people of different cultures but also to deride other Greek tribes and states; in the early modern period and sometimes later, they used it for the Turks, in a clearly pejorative way. Comparable notions are found in non-European civilizations. In the Roman Empire, Romans used the word barbarian for the Germanics, Celts, Carthaginians, Iberians, Thracians, Persians and in some respects the Greeks themselves.
Barbarity
See also
- Barbarian invasions
- Barbarism
- Barbarism (linguistics)
- Berber (name)
- Civilization
- Ethnic groups in Chinese history
- Ethnocentrism
- Ethnography
- Ethnology
- Mleccha
- Noble savage
- Philistine
- Sack of Rome
- Skræling
- Socialisme ou Barbarie
- Stateless societies
- Vandals
- Future Shock
- The Sack of Rome by the Barbarians in 410 by Joseph-Noël Sylvestre
