Crash (Ballard novel)
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| + | "Twenty minutes later, as I embraced her, the scent of her body mingled with the showroom odour of mustard [[leatherette]]."--''[[Crash (Ballard novel)|Crash]]'' (1973) by J. G. Ballard | ||
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| - | '''''Crash''''' is a novel by [[United Kingdom|English]] author [[J. G. Ballard]], first published in [[1973]]. It is a story about [[car]]-[[crash]] [[sexual fetishism]]: its protagonists get their sexual [[kick]]s by staging and participating in very real car-crashes, often with very real consequences. Ballard used for the book a cold and detached language, giving the impression of an [[objective]] [[medical journal]]. | ||
| - | It was a highly [[controversial]] novel: famously one publisher's reader returned the verdict "This author is beyond psychiatric help. Do Not Publish." The novel was adapted and made into a film in [[1996]], also called ''[[Crash (1996 film)|Crash]]''.{{GFDL}} | + | '''''Crash''''' is a novel by English author [[J. G. Ballard]], first published in 1973. It is a story about symphorophilia; specifically [[Traffic collision|car-crash]] [[sexual fetishism]]: its protagonists become sexually aroused by staging and participating in real car-crashes. |
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| + | In 1996, the novel was made into a [[Crash (1996 film)|film of the same name]] by [[David Cronenberg]]. | ||
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| + | ==Plot summary== | ||
| + | The story is told through the eyes of [[narrator]] James Ballard, named after the author himself, but it centers on the sinister figure of Dr. Robert Vaughan, a "former TV-scientist, turned nightmare angel of the expressways". James meets Vaughan after being involved in a car accident himself near [[London Heathrow Airport|London Airport]]. Gathering around Vaughan is a group of alienated people, all of them former crash victims, who follow him in his pursuit to re-enact the crashes of celebrities and experience what the narrator calls "a new sexuality, born from a perverse technology". Vaughan's ultimate fantasy is to die in a head-on collision with movie star [[Elizabeth Taylor]]. | ||
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| + | ==Critical reception== | ||
| + | The novel received divided reviews when originally published. One [[publisher's reader]] returned the verdict "This author is beyond psychiatric help. Do Not Publish!" A 1973 review in ''[[The New York Times]]'' was equally horrified: "''Crash'' is, hands-down, the most repulsive book I've yet to come across." | ||
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| + | However, retrospective opinion now considers ''Crash'' to be one of Ballard's best and most challenging works. Reassessing ''Crash'' in ''[[The Guardian]]'', [[Zadie Smith]] wrote, "C''rash'' is an existential book about how ''everybody uses everything''. How everything uses everybody. And yet it is not a hopeless vision." On Ballard's legacy, she writes: "In Ballard's work there is always this mix of futuristic dread and excitement, a sweet spot where dystopia and utopia converge. For we cannot say we haven't got precisely what we dreamed of, what we always wanted, so badly." | ||
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| + | The Papers of J.G. Ballard at the [[British Library]] include two revised drafts of ''Crash'' (Add MS 88938/3/8). Scanned extracts from Ballard's drafts are included in ''Crash: The Collector's Edition,'' ed. Chris Beckett. | ||
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| + | ==Interpretation== | ||
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| + | ''Crash'' has been difficult to characterize as a novel. At some points in his career, Ballard claimed that ''Crash'' was a "cautionary tale", a view that he would later regret, asserting that it is in fact "a psychopathic hymn. But it is a psychopathic hymn which has a point”. Likewise, Ballard previously characterized it a science fiction novel, a position he would later take back. | ||
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| + | [[Jean Baudrillard]] wrote an analysis of ''Crash'' in ''[[Simulacra and Simulation]]'' in which he declared it "the first great novel of the universe of simulation". He made note of how the fetish in the story conflates the functionality of the automobiles with that of the human body and how the characters' injuries and the damage to the vehicles are used as equivalent signs. To him, the hyperfunctionality leads to the dysfunction in the story. Quotes were used extensively to illustrate that the language of the novel employs plain, mechanical terms for the parts of the automobile and proper, medical language for human sex organs and acts. The story is interpreted as showing a merger between technology, sexuality, and death, and he further argued that by pointing out Vaughan's character takes and keeps photos of the car accidents and the mutilated bodies involved. Baudrillard stated that there is no moral judgment about the events within the novel but that Ballard himself intended it as a warning against a cultural trend. | ||
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| + | ==References in popular art== | ||
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| + | ===Music=== | ||
| + | [[The Normal]]'s 1978 song "[[Warm Leatherette]]" was inspired by the novel as was "[[Miss the Girl]]," a 1983 [[single (music)|single]] by [[The Creatures]]. | ||
| + | The [[Manic Street Preachers]]' song "Mausoleum" from 1994's ''[[The Holy Bible (album)|The Holy Bible]]'' contains the famous Ballard quote about his reasons for writing the book, "I wanted to rub the human face in its own vomit. I wanted to force it to look in the mirror." | ||
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| + | ===Other film adaptations=== | ||
| + | An apparently unauthorized adaptation of Crash called ''Nightmare Angel'' was filmed in 1986 by Susan Emerling and [[Zoe Beloff]]. This short film bears the credit "Inspired by J.G. Ballard". | ||
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| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | *[[Autassassinophilia]] | ||
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| + | {{GFDL}} | ||
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"Twenty minutes later, as I embraced her, the scent of her body mingled with the showroom odour of mustard leatherette."--Crash (1973) by J. G. Ballard |
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Crash is a novel by English author J. G. Ballard, first published in 1973. It is a story about symphorophilia; specifically car-crash sexual fetishism: its protagonists become sexually aroused by staging and participating in real car-crashes.
In 1996, the novel was made into a film of the same name by David Cronenberg.
Contents |
Plot summary
The story is told through the eyes of narrator James Ballard, named after the author himself, but it centers on the sinister figure of Dr. Robert Vaughan, a "former TV-scientist, turned nightmare angel of the expressways". James meets Vaughan after being involved in a car accident himself near London Airport. Gathering around Vaughan is a group of alienated people, all of them former crash victims, who follow him in his pursuit to re-enact the crashes of celebrities and experience what the narrator calls "a new sexuality, born from a perverse technology". Vaughan's ultimate fantasy is to die in a head-on collision with movie star Elizabeth Taylor.
Critical reception
The novel received divided reviews when originally published. One publisher's reader returned the verdict "This author is beyond psychiatric help. Do Not Publish!" A 1973 review in The New York Times was equally horrified: "Crash is, hands-down, the most repulsive book I've yet to come across."
However, retrospective opinion now considers Crash to be one of Ballard's best and most challenging works. Reassessing Crash in The Guardian, Zadie Smith wrote, "Crash is an existential book about how everybody uses everything. How everything uses everybody. And yet it is not a hopeless vision." On Ballard's legacy, she writes: "In Ballard's work there is always this mix of futuristic dread and excitement, a sweet spot where dystopia and utopia converge. For we cannot say we haven't got precisely what we dreamed of, what we always wanted, so badly."
The Papers of J.G. Ballard at the British Library include two revised drafts of Crash (Add MS 88938/3/8). Scanned extracts from Ballard's drafts are included in Crash: The Collector's Edition, ed. Chris Beckett.
Interpretation
Crash has been difficult to characterize as a novel. At some points in his career, Ballard claimed that Crash was a "cautionary tale", a view that he would later regret, asserting that it is in fact "a psychopathic hymn. But it is a psychopathic hymn which has a point”. Likewise, Ballard previously characterized it a science fiction novel, a position he would later take back.
Jean Baudrillard wrote an analysis of Crash in Simulacra and Simulation in which he declared it "the first great novel of the universe of simulation". He made note of how the fetish in the story conflates the functionality of the automobiles with that of the human body and how the characters' injuries and the damage to the vehicles are used as equivalent signs. To him, the hyperfunctionality leads to the dysfunction in the story. Quotes were used extensively to illustrate that the language of the novel employs plain, mechanical terms for the parts of the automobile and proper, medical language for human sex organs and acts. The story is interpreted as showing a merger between technology, sexuality, and death, and he further argued that by pointing out Vaughan's character takes and keeps photos of the car accidents and the mutilated bodies involved. Baudrillard stated that there is no moral judgment about the events within the novel but that Ballard himself intended it as a warning against a cultural trend.
References in popular art
Music
The Normal's 1978 song "Warm Leatherette" was inspired by the novel as was "Miss the Girl," a 1983 single by The Creatures. The Manic Street Preachers' song "Mausoleum" from 1994's The Holy Bible contains the famous Ballard quote about his reasons for writing the book, "I wanted to rub the human face in its own vomit. I wanted to force it to look in the mirror."
Other film adaptations
An apparently unauthorized adaptation of Crash called Nightmare Angel was filmed in 1986 by Susan Emerling and Zoe Beloff. This short film bears the credit "Inspired by J.G. Ballard".
See also
