December 22  

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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
*[[1849]] - The execution of [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]] is called off at the last second. *[[1849]] - The execution of [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]] is called off at the last second.
-*[[1851]] - The first [[freight train]] is operated in [[Roorkee]], [[India]].+*[[1894]] - ''[[Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune]]'' premieres in Paris.
-*[[1864]] - [[Savannah, Georgia]] falls to General [[William Tecumseh Sherman]], concluding his "[[Sherman's March to the Sea|March to the Sea]]".+
-*[[1885]] - [[Ito Hirobumi]], a [[samurai]], became the first [[Prime Minister of Japan]].+
*[[1894]] - The [[Dreyfus affair]] begins, in [[France]], when [[Alfred Dreyfus]] is wrongly convicted of [[treason]], on [[antisemitic]] grounds. *[[1894]] - The [[Dreyfus affair]] begins, in [[France]], when [[Alfred Dreyfus]] is wrongly convicted of [[treason]], on [[antisemitic]] grounds.
-*[[1920]] - The [[GOELRO plan|GOELRO economic development plan]] is adopted by the 8th [[Congress of Soviets|Congress of Soviets of the Russian SFSR]].  
-*[[1937]] - The [[Lincoln Tunnel]] opens to traffic in [[New York City]]. 
-*[[1940]] - [[World War II]]: [[Himarë]] is captured by the [[Greece|Greek]] army. 
-*[[1942]] - World War II: [[Adolf Hitler]] signs the order to develop the [[V-2 rocket]] as a weapon. 
-*[[1944]] - World War II: [[Battle of the Bulge]]--[[Germany|German]] troops demand the surrender of [[United States]] troops at [[Bastogne]], [[Belgium]]; prompting the famous one word reply by General [[Anthony McAuliffe]]: "Nuts!"  
-* 1944 - [[World War II]]: [[People's Army of Vietnam|Vietnam People's Army]] is formed to resist [[Japan]]ese occupation of [[Indo-China]], now [[Vietnam]]. 
-*[[1947]] - The [[Constituent Assembly]] of [[Italy]] approves its [[Constitution of Italy|constitution]]. 
-*[[1956]] - [[Colo (gorilla)|Colo]] is born, the first [[gorilla]] to be bred in [[captivity (animal)|captivity]]. 
-*[[1963]] - [[Cruise ship]] ''[[Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (ship)|Lakonia]]'' burns 180 miles north of [[Madeira]] with the loss of 128 lives. 
-*[[1964]] - [[Comedian]] [[Lenny Bruce]] is convicted of [[obscenity]]. 
-* 1964 - First [[SR-71]] (Blackbird) flight. 
-*[[1965]] - In the [[United Kingdom]], a 70mph [[speed limit]] is applied to all rural roads including [[motorway]]s for the first time. Previously, there had been no speed limit. 
-*[[1974]] - [[Grande Comore]], [[Anjouan]] and [[Mohéli]] vote to become the independent nation of [[Comoros]]. [[Mayotte]] remains under [[France|French]] administration. 
-* 1974 - [[Ted Heath]]'s house is attacked by members of the [[Provisional IRA]]. 
-*[[1978]] - The pivotal Third Plenum of the 11th National Congress of the [[Communist Party of China]] is held in [[Beijing]], with Deng Xiaoping reversing Mao-era policies to pursue a program for [[Chinese economic reform]]. 
-*[[1984]] - Subway vigilante [[Bernhard Hugo Goetz]] shoots four [[African-American]] men on an express train in [[The Bronx]] borough of [[New York City]]. 
-*[[1988]] - [[Chico Mendes]], a [[Brazil]]ian [[rubber tapper]], [[Trade union|unionist]] and [[environmental activist]], is [[assassin]]ated. 
-*[[1989]] - After a week of bloody demonstrations, [[Ion Iliescu]] takes over as president of [[Romania]], ending [[Nicolae Ceauşescu]]'s [[Communism|Communist]] dictatorship. 
-* 1989 - [[Berlin]]'s [[Brandenburg Gate]] re-opens after nearly 30 years, effectively ending the division of [[East Germany|East]] and [[West Germany]]. 
-* 1989 - [[Kempsey bus crash]]: Two tourist coaches collide on the [[Pacific Highway (Australia)|Pacific Highway]] north of [[Kempsey, New South Wales]]  
-*[[1990]] - [[Paul Coffey]] of the [[Pittsburgh Penguins]] becomes the [[National Hockey League]]'s first defenseman to score 1,000 points. He would finish his career with 1,531 points. 
-*[[1997]] - [[Acteal massacre]]: Attendees at a prayer meeting of [[Roman Catholic]] activists for [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous]] causes in the small village of [[Acteal]] in the [[Mexico|Mexican]] state of [[Chiapas]] are [[massacre]]d by [[paramilitary]] forces. 
-*[[1999]] - The [[Spain|Spanish]] [[Spanish Civil Guard|Civil Guard]] finds near [[Calatayud]] ([[Zaragoza]]) another van loaded by [[ETA]] with 750 kg of [[explosives]] (see related event on [[December 21]] [[1999]]). 
-*[[2001]] - [[Burhanuddin Rabbani]], political leader of the [[Afghan Northern Alliance]], hands over power in [[Afghanistan]] to the interim government headed by President [[Hamid Karzai]]. 
-* 2001 - [[Richard Reid (terrorist)|Richard Reid]] attempts to destroy a passenger airliner by igniting explosives hidden in his shoes aboard [[American Airlines Flight 63]]. 
-*[[2003]] - A magnitude 6.6 [[earthquake]] hits near [[San Simeon, California]]; see [[San Simeon earthquake]]. 
-*[[2007]] - The [[Bleach (manga)]] film: [[The DiamondDust Rebellion]], is released in Japan theatres. Starring [[Tōshirō Hitsugaya]] as the lead character. 
- 
==Births== ==Births==
-<!-- Please do not add yourself or anyone else without a biography in Wikipedia to this list.--> 
-*[[1095]] - [[Roger II of Sicily]], King of Sicily (d. [[1154]]) 
-*[[1178]] - [[Emperor Antoku]] of Japan (d. [[1185]]) 
-*[[1546]] - [[Kuroda Yoshitaka]], Japanese Daimyo (d. [[1604]]) 
*[[1550]] - [[Cesare Cremonini (philosopher)|Cesare Cremonini]], Italian philosopher (d. [[1631]]) *[[1550]] - [[Cesare Cremonini (philosopher)|Cesare Cremonini]], Italian philosopher (d. [[1631]])
*[[1639]] - [[Jean Racine]], French dramatist (d. [[1699]]) *[[1639]] - [[Jean Racine]], French dramatist (d. [[1699]])
-*[[1666]] - [[Guru Gobind Singh]], [[Sikh]] guru (d. [[1708]]) 
-*[[1690]] - [[Pamheiba|Meidingnu Pamheiba]], [[Monarchy|King]] of [[Manipur]] (d. [[1751]]) 
-*[[1694]] - [[Hermann Samuel Reimarus]], German philosopher and writer (d. [[1768]]) 
-*[[1696]] - [[James Oglethorpe]], English general and founder of the state of Georgia (d. [[1785]]) 
-*[[1723]] - [[Karl Friedrich Abel]], German composer (d. [[1787]]) 
-*[[1765]] - [[Johann Friedrich Pfaff]], German mathematician (d. [[1825]]) 
-*[[1805]] - [[John Obadiah Westwood]], British entomologist (d. [[1893]]) 
-*[[1807]] - [[Johann Sebastian Welhaven]], Norwegian poet (d. [[1873]]) 
-*[[1819]] - [[Franz Wilhelm Abt]], German composer (d. [[1870]]) 
-* 1819 - [[Pierre Ossian Bonnet]], French mathematician (d. [[1892]]) 
-*[[1853]] - [[Teresa Carreño]], Venezuelan pianist (d. [[1917]]) 
-* 1853 - [[Yevgraf Fyodorov]], Russian mathematician (d. [[1919]]) 
-*[[1856]] - [[Frank B. Kellogg]], [[U.S. Secretary of State]], [[Nobel Peace Prize|Nobel laureate]] (d. [[1937]]) 
*[[1858]] - [[Giacomo Puccini]], Italian composer (d. [[1924]]) *[[1858]] - [[Giacomo Puccini]], Italian composer (d. [[1924]])
-*[[1860]] - [[Austin Norman Palmer]], American penmanship innovator (d. [[1927]]) 
-*[[1862]] - [[Connie Mack (baseball)|Connie Mack]], American baseball executive (d. [[1956]]) 
-*[[1869]] - [[Edwin Arlington Robinson]], American poet (d. [[1935]]) 
-* 1869 - [[Dmitri Egorov]], Russian mathematician (d. [[1931]]) 
-*[[1872]] - [[Camille Guérin]], French veterinarian and bacteriologist (d. [[1961]]) 
-*[[1874]] - [[Franz Schmidt]], Austrian composer (d. [[1939]]) 
*[[1876]] - [[Filippo Tommaso Marinetti]], Italian poet and editor (d. [[1944]]) *[[1876]] - [[Filippo Tommaso Marinetti]], Italian poet and editor (d. [[1944]])
*[[1883]] - [[Edgard Varèse]] French-born composer (d. [[1965]]) *[[1883]] - [[Edgard Varèse]] French-born composer (d. [[1965]])
-*[[1887]] - [[Srinivasa Ramanujan]], Indian mathematician (d. [[1920]]) 
-*[[1888]] - [[J. Arthur Rank]], British film producer (d. [[1972]]) 
-*[[1898]] - [[Vladimir Aleksandrovich Fock]], Russian physicist (d. [[1974]]) 
-*[[1899]] - [[Gustav Gründgens]], German actor (d. [[1963]]) 
*[[1900]] - [[Marc Allégret]], French film director and screenwriter (d. [[1973]]) *[[1900]] - [[Marc Allégret]], French film director and screenwriter (d. [[1973]])
-*[[1901]] - [[André Kostelanetz]], American popular music orchestra leader and arranger (d. [[1980]]) 
-*[[1903]] - [[Haldan Keffer Hartline]], American physiologist, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel laureate]] (d. [[1983]]) 
*[[1905]] - [[Kenneth Rexroth]], American poet (d. [[1982]]) *[[1905]] - [[Kenneth Rexroth]], American poet (d. [[1982]])
* 1905 - [[Pierre Brasseur]], French actor (d. [[1972]]) * 1905 - [[Pierre Brasseur]], French actor (d. [[1972]])
-*[[1907]] - Dame [[Peggy Ashcroft]], English actress (d. [[1991]])+*[[1908]] - [[Max Bill]], Swiss architect (d. [[1994]])
-*[[1909]] - [[Patricia Hayes]], English actress (d. [[1998]])+
-*[[1912]] - [[Lady Bird Johnson]], [[First Lady of the United States]] (d. [[2007]])+
-*[[1915]] - [[Barbara Billingsley]], American actress+
-*[[1917]] - [[Gene Rayburn]], American game show host (d. [[1999]])+
-*[[1921]] - [[Hawkshaw Hawkins]], American country singer (d. [[1963]])+
-*[[1922]] - [[Jack Brooks (politician)|Jack Brooks]], American politician+
-* 1922 - [[Ruth Roman]], American actress (d. [[1999]])+
-* [[1924]] - [[Frank Corsaro]], American stage director+
-*[[1925]] - [[Lewis Glucksman]], American financier (d. [[2006]])+
-*[[1934]] - [[David Pearson]], American racecar driver+
-*[[1936]] - [[James Burke (science historian)|James Burke]], British writer+
-* 1936 - [[Hector Elizondo]], American actor+
-* 1936 - [[Wojciech Frykowski]], Polish actor (d. [[1969]])+
-*[[1937]] - [[Eduard Uspensky]], Russian writer+
-*[[1938]] - [[Matty Alou]], Dominican baseball player+
-* 1938 - [[Lucien Bouchard]], Quebec politician+
-*[[1939]] - [[James Gurley]], American musician+
-*[[1942]] - [[Dick Parry]], English musician ([[Pink Floyd]])+
-*[[1943]] - [[Paul Wolfowitz]], American politician+
-*[[1944]] - [[Steve Carlton]], American baseball player+
-*[[1945]] - [[Diane Sawyer]], American journalist+
-*[[1946]] - [[Rick Nielsen]], American musician ([[Cheap Trick]])+
-*[[1948]] - [[Noel Edmonds]], English game show host+
-* 1948 - [[Steve Garvey]], American baseball player+
-* 1948 - [[Lynne Thigpen]], American actress (d. [[2003]])+
-*[[1949]] - [[Maurice Gibb]], English musician ([[The Bee Gees]]) (d. [[2003]])+
-* 1949 - [[Robin Gibb]], English musician ([[The Bee Gees]])+
-*[[1951]] - [[Gerald Cavendish Grosvenor]], Duke of Westminster+
-*[[1953]] - [[BernNadette Stanis]], actress+
-* 1953 - [[Ian Turnbull (hockey)|Ian Turnbull]], Canadian ice hockey player+
-*[[1954]] - [[Hideshi Matsuda]], Japanese racing driver+
-*[[1955]] - [[Lonnie Smith]], American baseball player+
-*[[1957]] - [[Carole James]], Canadian politician+
-*[[1958]] - [[Frank Gambale]], Australian musician+
-* 1958 - [[Mikael Nordfors]], Swedish physician and author+
-*[[1959]] - [[Bernd Schuster]], German footballer+
*[[1960]] - [[Jean-Michel Basquiat]], American artist (d. [[1988]]) *[[1960]] - [[Jean-Michel Basquiat]], American artist (d. [[1988]])
-* 1960 - [[Luther Campbell|Luther Campbell (Luke)]], American rap artist ([[2 Live Crew]])+*[[1967]] - [[Stefan Zweifel]], Swiss writer, translator and journalist.
-* 1960 - [[Patrick Fitzgerald]], American attorney+
-*[[1961]] - [[Andrew Fastow]], American businessman+
-*[[1962]] - [[Ralph Fiennes]], English actor+
-*[[1963]] - [[Giuseppe Bergomi]], Italian footballer+
-*[[1966]] - [[Dmitry Bilozerchev]], Soviet gymnast+
-*[[1967]] - [[Dan Petrescu]], Romanian footballer+
-* 1967 - [[Richey James Edwards]], Welsh musician ([[Manic Street Preachers]]) (disappeared in [[1995]])+
-* 1967 - [[Stéphane Gendron]], Quebec politician+
-* 1967 - [[Paul Morris (motorsport)|Paul Morris]], Australian racing driver+
-*[[1968]] - [[Dina Meyer]], American actress+
-* 1968 - [[Lauralee Bell]], American actress+
-*[[1969]] - [[Myriam Bédard]], Canadian athlete+
-*[[1972]] - [[Big Tigger]], television host+
-* 1972 - [[Vanessa Paradis]], French singer+
-*[[1974]] - [[Heather Donahue]], American actress+
-*[[1975]] - [[Crissy Moran]], American erotic actress+
-* 1975 - [[Dmitri Khokhlov]], Russian footballer+
-* 1975 - [[Stanislav Neckář]], Czech ice hockey player+
-*[[1976]] - [[Brian A. Alexander]], American screenwriter and director+
-*[[1977]] - [[Steve Kariya]], Canadian ice hockey player+
-*[[1980]] - [[Lee Eun-ju]], South Korean actress (d. [[2005]])+
-* 1980 - [[Chris Carmack]], American actor+
-*[[1983]] - [[Jennifer Hawkins]], Australian Miss Universe+
-*[[1984]] - [[Jonas Altberg]], Swedish musician ([[Basshunter]])+
-*[[1987]] - [[SaTaN InSiDe]], Persian Hacker+
-*[[1989]] - [[Jordin Sparks]], American singer and ''[[American Idol]]'' winner+
-*[[1990]] - [[Jean-Baptiste Maunier]], French actor+
- +
-<!-- +
-Please do not add yourself, non-notable people, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. +
-Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.+
-If there are multiple people in the same birth year, put them in alphabetical order.+
-Do not trust "this year in history" websites for accurate date information. -->+
- +
==Deaths== ==Deaths==
-*[[1100]] - Duke [[Bretislaus II of Bohemia]] 
-*[[1550]] - [[Richard Plantagenet (Richard of Eastwell)]] possibly a son of Richard III 
-*[[1603]] - [[Mehmed III]], [[Ottoman Emperor]] (b. [[1566]]) 
-*[[1646]] - [[Peter Mogila]], Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia (b. [[1596]]) 
-*[[1660]] - [[André Tacquet]], Flemish mathematician (b. [[1612]]) 
-*[[1681]] - [[Richard Alleine]], English Puritan clergyman (b. [[1611]]) 
-*[[1708]] - [[Hedwig Sophia, duchess of Holstein-Gottorp]], Swedish writer (b. [[1681]]) 
-*[[1738]] - [[Constantia Jones]], British prostitute (executed) 
-*[[1767]] - [[John Newbery]], English publisher (b. [[1713]]) 
-*[[1788]] - [[Percivall Pott]], English physician and surgeon (b. [[1714]]) 
-*[[1806]] - [[William Vernon]], American merchant (b. [[1719]]) 
-*[[1867]] - [[Jean-Victor Poncelet]], French mathematician (b. [[1788]]) 
-*[[1870]] - [[Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer]], Spanish poet and writer (b. [[1836]]) 
-*[[1828]] - [[William Hyde Wollaston]], English chemist (b. [[1766]]) 
*[[1880]] - [[George Eliot]], English writer (b. [[1819]]) *[[1880]] - [[George Eliot]], English writer (b. [[1819]])
-*[[1899]] - [[Dwight L. Moody]], American evangelist (b. [[1837]]) 
*[[1902]] - [[Richard von Krafft-Ebing]], German psychiatrist (b. [[1840]]) *[[1902]] - [[Richard von Krafft-Ebing]], German psychiatrist (b. [[1840]])
-*[[1917]] - [[Mother Cabrini]], first American citizen canonized by the Catholic Church (b. [[1850]]) 
-*[[1939]] - [[Ma Rainey]], American singer (b. [[1886]]) 
*[[1940]] - [[Nathanael West]], American writer (b. [[1903]]) *[[1940]] - [[Nathanael West]], American writer (b. [[1903]])
*[[1942]] - [[Franz Boas]], German anthropologist (b. [[1858]]) *[[1942]] - [[Franz Boas]], German anthropologist (b. [[1858]])
-*[[1943]] - [[Beatrix Potter]], English writer (b. [[1866]])+*[[1969]] - [[Josef von Sternberg]], Austrian-American film director (b. [[1894]])
-*[[1944]] - [[Harry Langdon]], American silent film actor (b. [[1884]])+*[[1989]] - [[Samuel Beckett]], Irish writer (b. [[1906]])
-*[[1947]] - [[Hans Aumeier]], German Nazi official and concentration camp commandant (b. [[1906]])+*[[2022]] - [[Thom Bell]], American composer (b. 1943)
-* 1947 - [[Therese Brandl]], Nazi concentration camp guard (b. [[1902]])+
-*[[1959]] - [[Gilda Gray]], Polish-born American dancer and actress (b. [[1901]])+
-*[[1965]] - [[Richard Dimbleby]], English journalist and broadcaster (b. [[1913]])+
-*[[1971]] - [[Godfried Bomans]], Dutch author and television personality (b. [[1913]])+
-*[[1979]] - [[Darryl F. Zanuck]], American producer (b. [[1902]])+
-*[[1985]] - [[D. Boon]], American singer and guitarist ([[The Minutemen (band)|The Minutemen]]) (b. [[1958]])+
-*[[1988]] - [[Chico Mendes]], Brazilian rubber tapper, unionist, and environmental activist (assassinated) (b. [[1944]])+
-*[[1989]] - [[Samuel Beckett]], Irish writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1906]])+
-*[[1992]] - [[Frederick Franz]], Watchtower president (b. [[1893]])+
-*[[1993]] - [[Don DeFore]], American actor (b. [[1913]])+
-*[[1995]] - [[Butterfly McQueen]], American actress (b. [[1911]])+
-* 1995 - [[James Meade]], English economist, [[Nobel Prize in Economics|Bank of Sweden Prize]] winner (b. [[1907]])+
-*[[1998]] - [[Michelle Thomas]], American actress (b. [[1969]])+
-*[[2002]] - [[Desmond Hoyte]], [[President of Guyana]] (b. [[1929]])+
-* 2002 - [[Joe Strummer]], English musician ([[The Clash]]) (b. [[1952]])+
-*[[2003]] - [[Dave Dudley]], American singer (b. [[1928]])+
-*[[2004]] - [[Doug Ault]], American baseball player (b. [[1950]])+
-*[[2006]] - [[Galina Ustvolskaya]], Russian composer (b. [[1919]])+
-* 2006 - [[Dennis Linde]], American songwriter (b. [[1943]])+
-== Notes ==+
-# Richard von Krafft-Ebing+
-# Stefan Zweifel+
-# Becquer+
-# Louis Filler+
-# Filippo Tommaso Marinetti+
-# Samuel Beckett+
-# Edgard Varèse+
-# Max Bill+
-# Jean-Michel Basquiat+
-# Nathanael West+
-# Marc Allégret+
-# Kenneth Rexroth+
-# Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune+
-# Pierre Brasseur+
- * George Eliot+
- * Josef von Sternberg+
-* Cesare Cremonini (philosopher)+
- +
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