Epic poetry
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| **''Redemption'' by [[Richard Blackmore]] (1722) | **''Redemption'' by [[Richard Blackmore]] (1722) | ||
| **[[Henriade]] by [[Voltaire]] (1723) | **[[Henriade]] by [[Voltaire]] (1723) | ||
| - | **''La Pucelle d'Orléans'' by [[Voltaire]] (1756) | + | **''[[La Pucelle d'Orléans]]'' by [[Voltaire]] (1756) |
| **''Alfred'' by [[Richard Blackmore]] (1723) | **''Alfred'' by [[Richard Blackmore]] (1723) | ||
| **''[[Utendi wa Tambuka]]'' by Bwana Mwengo (1728) | **''[[Utendi wa Tambuka]]'' by Bwana Mwengo (1728) | ||
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The epic is a broadly defined genre of narrative poetry, characterized by great length, multiple settings, large numbers of characters, or long span of time involved. As a result of this change in the use of the word, many prose works of the past may be retroactively called "epics" which were not composed or originally understood as such.
Contents |
Notable epic poems
- This list can be compared with two others, national epic and list of world folk-epics.<ref>According to that article, world folk epics are those which are not just literary masterpieces but also an integral part of the world view of a people, originally oral, later written down by one or several authors.</ref>
Ancient epics (to 500)
- 20th to 18th century BC:
- Epic of Gilgamesh (Mesopotamian mythology)
- Atrahasis (Mesopotamian mythology)
- 8th to 6th century BC:
- Enuma Elish (Babylonian mythology)
- Iliad, ascribed to Homer (Greek mythology)
- Odyssey, ascribed to Homer (Greek mythology)
- Works and Days, ascribed to Hesiod (Greek mythology)
- 5th to 4th century BC:
- Mahābhārata, ascribed to Vyasa (Hindu mythology) (5th to 1st century BC)
- Ramayana, ascribed to Valmiki (Hindu mythology) (5th century BC to 4th century AD)
- The Book of Job
- 3rd century BC:
- 1st century BC:
- Aeneid by Virgil
- De rerum natura by Lucretius
- 1st century AD:
- Metamorphoses by Ovid
- Pharsalia by Lucan
- Punica by Silius Italicus
- Argonautica by Gaius Valerius Flaccus
- Thebaid and Achilleid by Statius
- 2nd century:
- Buddhacarita by Template:Unicode (Indian epic poetry)
- Saundaranandakavya by Template:Unicode (Indian epic poetry)
- 2nd to 5th century:
- The Five Great Epics of Tamil Literature:
- Cilappatikaram by Prince Ilango Adigal
- Manimekalai by Seethalai Saathanar
- Civaka Cintamani by Tirutakakatevar
- Kundalakesi by a Buddhist poet
- Valayapati by a Jaina poet
- The Five Great Epics of Tamil Literature:
- 3rd to 4th century:
- 4th century:
- Evangeliorum libri by Juvencus
- Kumārasambhava by Kālidāsa (Indian epic poetry)
- Raghuvamsa by Kālidāsa (Indian epic poetry)
- De Raptu Proserpinae by Claudian
- 5th century:
- Dionysiaca by Nonnus
Medieval epics (500-1500)
- 7th century:
- 8th to 10th century:
- Bhaṭṭikāvya, Sanskrit courtly epic based on the Rāmāyaṇa and the Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini.
- 8th to 10th century:
- Beowulf
- Waldere, Old English version of the story told in Waltharius (below), known only as a brief fragment
- David of Sasun (Armenian language)
- 9th century:
- Bhagavata Purana (Sanskrit "Stories of the Lord") written from earlier sources
- 10th century:
- Shahnameh (Persian literature; epic poem detailing Persian legend and history from prehistoric times to the fall of the Sassanid Empire)
- One Thousand and One Nights (Middle Eastern epic; prose and poetry, originally it is Persian)
- Waltharius by Ekkehard of St. Gall, Latin version of the story of Walter of Aquitaine
- The Battle of Maldon, brief Old English epic describing a recent battle
- 11th century:
- Taghribat Bani Hilal (Arabic epic literature)
- Ruodlieb, Latin epic by a German author
- Digenis Akritas (Byzantine epic poem)
- The Song of Roland
- Epic of King Gesar (Tibetan epic; compiled from earlier sources)
- Epic of Manas (Kyrgyz epic, possibly later)
- 12th century:
- The Knight in the Panther Skin by Shota Rustaveli
- Alexandreis, Latin epic by Walter of Châtillon
- De bello Troiano and the lost Antiocheis by Joseph of Exeter
- Carmen de Prodicione Guenonis (Latin version of the story of the Song of Roland)
- Architrenius, satirical Latin epic by John of Hauville
- Liber ad honorem Augusti by Peter of Eboli, Latin narrative of the conquest of Sicily by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor
- The Tale of Igor's Campaign and Bylinas (XI-XIX c.)
- 13th century:
- Antar (Arabic epic literature)
- Nibelungenlied (Germanic mythology)
- Brut by Layamon
- Chanson de la Croisade Albigeoise ("Song of the Albigensian Crusade"; Occitan)
- Sirat al-Zahir Baibars (Arabic epic literature)
- Epic of Sundiata
- El Cantar de Mio Cid, Spanish epic of the Reconquista
- De triumphis ecclesiae, Latin literary epic by Johannes de Garlandia
- Parzival by Wolfram von Eschenbach
- The Secret History of the Mongols
- 14th century:
- Cursor Mundi by an anonymous cleric (c. 1300)
- Divina Commedia (The Divine Comedy) by Dante Alighieri
- Africa, Latin literary epic by Petrarch
- The Tale of the Heike (Japanese epic war tale)
- 15th century:
Modern epics (from 1500)
- 16th century:
- Orlando furioso by Ludovico Ariosto (1516)
- Os Lusíadas by Luís de Camões (c.1555)
- La Araucana by Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga (1569-1589)
- La Gerusalemme liberata by Torquato Tasso (1575)
- Ramacharitamanasa (based on the Ramayana) by Goswami Tulsidas (1577)
- Lepanto by King James VI of Scotland (1591)
- Matilda by Michael Drayton (1594)
- The Faerie Queene by Edmund Spenser (1596)
- 17th century:
- The Barons' Wars by Michael Drayton (1603; early version 1596 entitled Mortimeriados)
- The Purple Island by Phineas Fletcher (1633)
- Szigeti veszedelem, also known under the Latin title Obsidionis Szigetianae, a Hungarian epic by Miklós Zrínyi (1651)
- Paradise Lost by John Milton (1667)
- Paradise Regained by John Milton (1671)
- Wojna chocimska by Wacław Potocki (1672)
- Prince Arthur by Richard Blackmore (1695)
- King Arthur by Richard Blackmore (1697)
- 18th century:
- Eliza by Richard Blackmore (1705)
- Columbus by Ubertino Carrara (1714)
- Redemption by Richard Blackmore (1722)
- Henriade by Voltaire (1723)
- La Pucelle d'Orléans by Voltaire (1756)
- Alfred by Richard Blackmore (1723)
- Utendi wa Tambuka by Bwana Mwengo (1728)
- Leonidas by Richard Glover (1737)
- Epigoniad by William Wilkie (1757)
- The Highlander; by James Macpherson (1758)
- The Works of Ossian by James MacPherson (1765)
- O Uraguai by Basílio da Gama (1769)
- Caoineadh Airt Uí Laoghaire** by Eibhlín Dubh Ní Chonaill (1773)
- Der Messias by Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock (1773)
- Rossiada by Mikhail Matveyevich Kheraskov (1771-1779)
- Vladimir by Mikhail Matveyevich Kheraskov (1785)
- Athenaid by Richard Glover (1787)
- Joan of Arc by Robert Southey (1796)
- 19th century:
- Thalaba the Destroyer by Robert Southey (1801)
- Madoc by Robert Southey (1805)
- Columbiad by Joel Barlow (1807)
- Milton: a Poem by William Blake (1804-1810)
- The Curse of Kehama by Robert Southey (1810)
- Roderick, the Last of the Goths by Robert Southey (1814)
- The Revolt of Islam (Laon and Cyntha) by Percy Bysshe Shelley (1817)
- Endymion, (1818) by John Keats
- Evangeline by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1847)
- Hyperion, (1818), and The Fall of Hyperion, (1819) by John Keats
- L'Orléanide, Poème national en vingt-huit chants, by Philippe-Alexandre Le Brun de Charmettes (1821)
- Don Juan by Lord Byron (1824)
- Pan Tadeusz by Adam Mickiewicz (1834)
- Smrt Smail-age Čengića by Ivan Mažuranić (1846)
- Kalevala by Elias Lönnrot (1849 Finnish mythology)
- Kalevipoeg by Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald (1853 Estonian mythology)
- The Prelude by William Wordsworth
- The Song of Hiawatha by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1855)
- La Fin de Satan by Victor Hugo (written between 1855 and 1860, published in 1886)
- La Légende des Siècles (The Legend of the Centuries) by Victor Hugo (1859-1877)
- Martín Fierro by José Hernández (1872)
- Clarel by Herman Melville (1876)
- The City of Dreadful Night by James Thomson (B.V.) (finished in 1874, published in 1880)
- Canigó by Jacint Verdaguer (1886)
- Lāčplēsis ('The Bear-Slayer') by Andrejs Pumpurs (1888; Latvian Mythology)
- 20th century:
- Lahuta e Malcís by Gjergj Fishta (composed 1902-1937)
- The Ballad of the White Horse by G. K. Chesterton (1911)
- Mensagem by Fernando Pessoa
- The Hashish-Eater; Or, The Apocalypse of Evil by Clark Ashton Smith (1920)
- Kurukshetra(1946), Rashmirathi(1952), Urvashi (1961), Hunkar (epic poem) by Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar'
- Savitri by Aurobindo Ghose (1950)
- Astronautilía-Hvězdoplavba by Jan Křesadlo
- The Odyssey: A Modern Sequel by Nikos Kazantzakis (Greek verse, composed 1924-1938)
- The Cantos by Ezra Pound (composed 1915-1969)
- A Cycle of the West by John Neihardt (composed 1921-1949)
- "A" by Louis Zukofsky (composed 1928-1968)
- Paterson by William Carlos Williams (composed c.1940-1961)
- Victory for the Slain by Hugh John Lofting (1942)
- The Maximus Poems by Charles Olson (composed 1950-1970)
- Aniara by Harry Martinson (composed 1956)
- Libretto for the Republic of Liberia by Melvin B. Tolson (1953)
- Mountains and Rivers Without End by Gary Snyder (composed 1965-1996)
- The Changing Light at Sandover by James Merrill (composed 1976-1982)
- Genesis: An Epic Poem by Frederick Turner (1988)
- Omeros by Derek Walcott (1990)
- The Levant by Mircea Cărtărescu (1990)
- The Descent of Alette by Alice Notley (1996)
- Overlord: The Triumph of Light 1944-45 by Nicholas Hagger (1995-7)
- Cheikh Anta Diop: Poem for the Living by Mwatabu S. Okantah (1997)
- The Dream of Norumbega: Epic on the U.S. by James Wm. Chichetto (c. 1990; p. 2000- )
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