Collective intelligence
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Collective intelligence is a shared or group intelligence that emerges from the collaboration and competition of many individuals. Collective intelligence appears in a wide variety of forms of consensus decision making in bacteria, animals, humans, and computer networks. The study of collective intelligence may properly be considered a subfield of sociology, of business, of computer science, of mass communications and of mass behavior—a field that studies collective behavior from the level of quarks to the level of bacterial, plant, animal, and human societies.
The above definition has emerged from the writings of Peter Russell (1983), Tom Atlee (1993), Pierre Lévy (1994), Howard Bloom (1995), Francis Heylighen (1995), Douglas Engelbart, Cliff Joslyn, Ron Dembo, Gottfried Mayer-Kress (2003) and other theorists. Collective intelligence is referred to as Symbiotic intelligence by Norman L. Johnson.
See also
- Bees algorithm
- Cellular automaton
- Civic intelligence
- Collaborative filtering
- Collaborative human interpreter
- Collaborative innovation network
- Collaborative intelligence
- Collaborative software
- Collective action
- Collective consciousness
- Collective decision-making
- Collective effervescence
- Collective memory
- Connectivity (graph theory)
- Crowd psychology
- Crowdsourcing
- Customer engagement
- Cybernetics
- Dispersed knowledge
- Distributed cognition
- Enterprise bookmarking
- Global brain
- Global Consciousness Project
- Group behaviour
- Group mind (science fiction)
- Facilitation (business)
- Facilitator
- Human-based computation
- Hundredth monkey effect
- Information Routing Group
- Keeping up with the Joneses
- Knowledge ecosystem
- Meme
- MIT Center for Collective Intelligence
- Noosphere
- Open-space meeting
- Open source intelligence
- Prediction Markets
- Preference elicitation
- Recommendation system
- Smart mob
- Social commerce
- Social information processing
- Stigmergy
- Superorganism
- Swarm Intelligence
- Think tank
- Wiki
- The Wisdom of Crowds