Globalization
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| '''Globalization''' (or '''globalisation'''; see [[American and British English spelling differences#-ise, -ize (-isation, -ization)|spelling differences]]) refers to the free movement of goods, capital, services, people, technology and information. It is the action or procedure of international integration of countries arising from the convergence of [[world view]]s, products, ideas, and other aspects of [[culture]]. Advances in the means of [[transport]] (such as the [[steam locomotive]], [[steamship]], [[jet engine]], and [[container ship]]s) and in [[telecommunication]]s infrastructure (including the rise of the [[telegraph]] and its modern offspring, the [[Internet]] and [[mobile phone]]s) have been major factors in globalization, generating further [[interdependence]] of [[Economy|economic]] and cultural activities. | '''Globalization''' (or '''globalisation'''; see [[American and British English spelling differences#-ise, -ize (-isation, -ization)|spelling differences]]) refers to the free movement of goods, capital, services, people, technology and information. It is the action or procedure of international integration of countries arising from the convergence of [[world view]]s, products, ideas, and other aspects of [[culture]]. Advances in the means of [[transport]] (such as the [[steam locomotive]], [[steamship]], [[jet engine]], and [[container ship]]s) and in [[telecommunication]]s infrastructure (including the rise of the [[telegraph]] and its modern offspring, the [[Internet]] and [[mobile phone]]s) have been major factors in globalization, generating further [[interdependence]] of [[Economy|economic]] and cultural activities. | ||
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Globalization (or globalisation; see spelling differences) refers to the free movement of goods, capital, services, people, technology and information. It is the action or procedure of international integration of countries arising from the convergence of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. Advances in the means of transport (such as the steam locomotive, steamship, jet engine, and container ships) and in telecommunications infrastructure (including the rise of the telegraph and its modern offspring, the Internet and mobile phones) have been major factors in globalization, generating further interdependence of economic and cultural activities.
Though many scholars place the origins of globalization in modern times, others trace its history long before the European Age of Discovery and voyages to the New World, some even to the third millennium BC. Large-scale globalization began in the 1820s. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, the connectivity of the world's economies and cultures grew very quickly. The term globalization is recent, only establishing its current meaning in the 1970s.
In 2000, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified four basic aspects of globalization: trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and movement of people, and the dissemination of knowledge. Further, environmental challenges such as global warming, cross-boundary water and air pollution, and overfishing of the ocean are linked with globalization. Globalizing processes affect and are affected by business and work organization, economics, socio-cultural resources, and the natural environment. Academic literature commonly subdivides globalization into three major areas: economic globalization, cultural globalization, and political globalization.
See also
- Civilizing mission
- Deglobalization
- Environmental racism
- Franchising
- Free trade
- Global civics
- Global commons
- Global mobility
- Globalism
- Global public goods
- List of bilateral free-trade agreements
- List of globalization-related indices
- List of multilateral free-trade agreements
- Middle East and globalization
- Neorealism (international relations)
- North–South divide
- Outline of globalization
- Postdevelopment theory
- Purple economy
- Technocapitalism
- Transnational cinema
- Transnational citizenship
- Triadization
- United Nations Millennium Declaration
- Vermeer's Hat
- World Englishes
See also
- Civilizing mission
- Columbian Exchange
- Deglobalization
- Development criticism
- Global civics
- Globality
- Great Transition
- Interdependence
- Jet Age
- Lisbon Strategy
- Middle East and globalization
- Postmodernism
- Technocapitalism
- Transnational cinema
- Transnational citizenship
- Triadization
- Vermeer's Hat: The Seventeenth Century and the Dawn of the Global World
- World economy
- World Englishes
- World-systems theory
