La Religieuse (novel)  

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 +"It is a remarkable fact that [[lesbian literature|in fiction, lesbic love]] is frequently used as the leading theme, viz., Diderot, ''[[La Religieuse (novel)|La Religieuse]]''."''[[Psychopathia Sexualis]]'' (1886) by Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing
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'''''La Religieuse''''' ('''''The Nun''''') is an [[18th century French novel]], by [[Denis Diderot]]. Completed in c. 1780, the work was first [[published serially]] between 1780 and 1782 in ''[[Correspondance littéraire, philosophique et critique|Correspondance littéraire]]'', a private literary [[newsletter]] intended for the Enlightened upper class. In view of Diderot's previous [[run-in]]s with the authorities it wasn't published as a novel until [[1796]], after his death. In English it is called ''The Nun'', or ''Memoirs of a Nun'' in [[Francis Birrell]]'s translation. '''''La Religieuse''''' ('''''The Nun''''') is an [[18th century French novel]], by [[Denis Diderot]]. Completed in c. 1780, the work was first [[published serially]] between 1780 and 1782 in ''[[Correspondance littéraire, philosophique et critique|Correspondance littéraire]]'', a private literary [[newsletter]] intended for the Enlightened upper class. In view of Diderot's previous [[run-in]]s with the authorities it wasn't published as a novel until [[1796]], after his death. In English it is called ''The Nun'', or ''Memoirs of a Nun'' in [[Francis Birrell]]'s translation.

Revision as of 09:35, 5 July 2022

"It is a remarkable fact that in fiction, lesbic love is frequently used as the leading theme, viz., Diderot, La Religieuse."Psychopathia Sexualis (1886) by Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing

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La Religieuse (The Nun) is an 18th century French novel, by Denis Diderot. Completed in c. 1780, the work was first published serially between 1780 and 1782 in Correspondance littéraire, a private literary newsletter intended for the Enlightened upper class. In view of Diderot's previous run-ins with the authorities it wasn't published as a novel until 1796, after his death. In English it is called The Nun, or Memoirs of a Nun in Francis Birrell's translation.

The novel was supposedly begun originally not as a work for literary consumption but as an elaborate practical joke aimed at luring the Marquis de Croismare, a companion of Diderot's, back to Paris. The novel is told in a series of letters purporting to be from a nun, Suzanne, who implores the Marquis to help her in renouncing her vows, and describes her intolerable life in the convent.

Diderot later revised the letters into a novel and publicly revealed his role in the ruse. The Marquis is said to have laughed at the revelation.

The novel is famous for its scenes of lesbian love and its criticism of enclosed religious orders.

Characters: Suzanne Simonin and three different Mother Superiors, Mme. de Moni, characterized by motherly love, Sainte-Christine, the archetypal sadistic warden and the unnamed lesbian Superior of the Saint-Eutrope convent.

Contents

Possible inspiration

Marguerite Delamarre was a French nun of Longchamp abbey and the possible inspiration for Suzanne Simonin. In 1758 she was the talk of the salons because she had demanded the French justice to be freed from the cloister where her parents had enclosed her by emotional blackmail.

Characters

The Mother Superior of Saint-Eutrope

Suzanne tries to fend of the avances made by the lesbian Mother Superior:

"Il arriva dans le couvent de Sainte-Marie à une religieuse d’aller la nuit dans la cellule d’une autre, c’était sa bonne amie, et je ne saurais vous dire le mal qu’on en pensait. Le directeur m’a demandé quelquefois si l’on ne m’avait jamais proposé de venir dormir à côté de moi, et il m’a sérieusement recommandé de ne le pas souffrir. Je lui ai même parlé des caresses que vous me faisiez ; je les trouve très innocentes, mais lui, il ne pense point ainsi ; je ne sais comment j’ai oublié ses conseils ; je m’étais bien proposé de vous en parler." --Suzanne

The lesbian Mother Superior goes mad:

Un matin, on la trouva pieds nus, en chemise, échevelée, hurlant, écumant et courant autour de sa cellule, les mains posées sur ses oreilles, les yeux fermés et le corps pressé contre la muraille… « Éloignez-vous de ce gouffre ; entendez-vous ces cris ? Ce sont les enfers ; il s’élève de cet abîme profond des feux que je vois ; du milieu des feux j’entends des voix confuses qui m’appellent… Mon Dieu, ayez pitié de moi !… Allez vite ; sonnez, assemblez la communauté ; dites qu’on prie pour moi, je prierai aussi… Mais à peine fait-il jour, nos sœurs dorment… Je n’ai pas fermé l’œil de la nuit ; je voudrais dormir, et je ne saurais. »

Plot

Translated by Google Translate:

In the eighteenth century, a young girl named Suzanne Simonin is forced by her parents forced to take the vows at the end of his novitiate. Indeed, for so-called financial reasons, they preferred to confine their daughter to the convent. The reason is that it is an illegitimate child and his mother hopes to atone for his youthful mistake. In the community of Poor Clares of St. Mary that she meets the Mother Superior de Moni. The latter, a mystic, becomes friends with the girl before losing the faith and die. The period of happiness and fulfillment for heroin ends with the arrival of a new supervisor: Sainte-Christine. Aware that Suzanne wants to break his vows and that for this purpose, she has filed a lawsuit against the community, the Mother Superior is making a real and physical harassment on Suzanne. The poor woman suffers the whole community, at the instigation of the superior, a multitude of physical and moral humiliations revenge. In losing his trial, Suzanne is doomed to remain in the convent, though his lawyer, Manouri, touched by her distress obtained his transfer to the convent St. Eutropius. After her ordeal, Susan forgive his executioners while continuing to pursue its highly subversive reflections on the merits of the cloisters and convent of the universe. Her arrival in the community of St. Eutropius marks the beginning of the most famous episode of The Nun. Indeed, this period is characterized by the seduction of the company than him. This goes insane at the indifference and innocence of the chaste Susanna. Aware of the danger of his perverted desires she can not repress it engages in mortification and fasting before he died insane. Unable to stay longer cloistered, Suzanne managed to flee the convent. In a conclusion just outlined, the author makes us understand that Suzanne looks underground using the Marquis de Croismare and lives in fear of being resumed.


Au XVIIIème siècle, une jeune fille nommée Suzanne Simonin est contrainte par ses parents de prononcer des vœux forcés au terme de son noviciat. En effet, pour de soi-disant raisons financières, ceux-ci ont préféré enfermer leur fille au couvent. C'est en réalité parce qu'elle est une enfant illégitime et que sa mère espère ainsi expier sa faute de jeunesse. C'est dans la communauté des clarisses de Sainte Marie qu'elle rencontre la supérieure de Moni. Celle-ci, une mystique, se lie d'amitié avec la jeune fille avant de perdre la foi et de mourir. La période de bonheur et de plénitude s'achève pour l'héroïne avec l'arrivée d'une nouvelle supérieure : Sainte-Christine. Au courant que Suzanne désire rompre ses vœux et que pour ce faire elle a intenté un procès à la communauté, la supérieure opère un véritable harcèlement moral et physique sur Suzanne. La pauvresse subit de l'ensemble de la communauté, à l'instigation de la supérieure, une multitude d'humiliations physiques et morales par vengeance. En perdant son procès, Suzanne est condamnée à rester au couvent, cependant son avocat, maître Manouri, touché par sa détresse obtient son transfert au couvent Sainte-Eutrope. Au terme de son calvaire, Suzanne pardonne à ses bourreaux tout en continuant à poursuivre ses réflexions éminemment subversives sur le bien-fondé des cloîtres et de l'univers conventuel. Son arrivée dans la communauté de Sainte-Eutrope marque le début de l'épisode le plus fameux de La Religieuse. En effet, cette période est caractérisée par l'entreprise de séduction de la supérieure à son égard. Celle-ci sombre dans la folie devant l'indifférence et l'innocence de la chaste Suzanne. Consciente de la dangerosité de ses désirs pervers qu'elle ne peut refouler, elle se livre aux macérations et au jeûne avant de mourir démente. Incapable de rester plus longtemps cloîtrée, Suzanne réussit à s'enfuir du couvent. Dans une conclusion à peine esquissée, l'auteur nous fait comprendre que Suzanne dans la clandestinité attend l'aide du marquis de Croismare et vit dans la peur d'être reprise.


Adaptations

La Religieuse was adapted several times for the cinema, most notably in 1966 as La Religieuse (titled The Nun in USA) by Jacques Rivette, starring Anna Karina and Liselotte Pulver. Twenty years later, Italian director Joe D'Amato filmed the story as Images in a Convent.

Une oeuvre anticléricale

Diderot trial coercive religious institutions, contrary to the true religion so that they lead individuals to earthly suffering and eternal damnation. The closed world involves the degradation of human nature. Idleness, uselessness social promiscuity dip gradually recluse in morbid and mystical musings, and in the madness and sometimes lead to suicide. Work anticlerical par excellence, The Nun is an ode to freedom to choose his destiny. Religious alienation created by the universe convent is a polemical denunciation. Diderot lends his voice and his ideas on the convent to Suzanne, it should be noted however that it is a convinced believer in contrast to the author.

Diderot fait le procès des institutions religieuses coercitives, contraires à la véritable religion dans la mesure où elles mènent les individus aux souffrances terrestres et à la damnation éternelle. Le monde clos entraîne la dégradation de la nature humaine. Oisiveté, inutilité sociale, promiscuité plongent peu à peu les reclus dans les rêveries morbides ou mystiques, puis dans la folie et les mènent parfois au suicide. Oeuvre anticléricale par excellence, La Religieuse est une ode à la liberté de choisir son destin. L'aliénation religieuse créée par l'univers conventuel y est dénoncée de manière polémique. Diderot prête sa voix et ses idées sur le couvent à Suzanne, il faut noter cependant que celle-ci est une croyante convaincue contrairement à l'auteur.

Full text

http://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/La_Religieuse

See also





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