Manifesto of Naturalism
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| - | :"[[Emile Zola]]'s ''[[Thérèse Raquin]]'' was Zola's first literary "success", a success met with outcries of "pornography!" from critics, which thus guaranteed the book (and him) a future. Zola was 28 when he wrote his novel, a grisly tale of lust, murder and revenge set in the seedy, impoverished ''[[demi-monde]]'' of Paris during the Second Empire of Napoleon III. Zola wrote the [[manifesto for the literary movement of Naturalism]], the logical follow-up to the [[Realism]] of [[Balzac]] and [[Flaubert]]. Gone was the prettiness of life. Politics apart, his work was underlined by the philosophy of the time: the scientific [[determinism]] of [[Thomas Huxley|Huxley]] and [[Darwin]]. Any spiritual interpretation of human behaviour was replaced by physiological function and the material environment as the only explanation for man's actions. | + | Two texts are usually attributed as being the [[Manifesto of Naturalism]], the first is the "[[Preface to the second edition of Thérèse Raquin]]" (1867) and the second the essay "[[The Experimental Novel]]" (1880). Both are by [[Émile Zola]]. A third text of Zola, "[[Les Romanciers naturalistes]]" (1881), also defends Naturalism as genre, by tracing its precursors. |
| - | :Following the first publication of Thérèse Raquin in the autumn of 1867, a second edition was printed less than six months later, prefaced by an "explanation" which, in the face of critical "misunderstanding", Zola felt obliged to give: "I had only one desire: given a highly sexed man and an unsatisfied woman, to uncover the animal side of them and see that alone, then throw them together in a violent drama and note down with scrupulous care the sensations and actions of these creatures. I simply applied to two living bodies the analytical method that surgeons apply to corpses.""--[[Annette Morreau]][http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/opera-lust-murder-and-revenge-663783.html] | + | The preface to the 1888 play by August Strindberg, ''[[Miss Julie]]'', is also sometimes labeled as a manifesto of Naturalism. |
| + | :"The fact that my tragedy makes a sad impression on many is the fault of the many. When we become strong, as were the first French revolutionaries, it will make an exclusively pleasant and cheerful impression to see the royal parks cleared of rotting, superannuated trees which have too long stood in the way of others with equal right to vegetate their full lifetime; it will make a good impression in the same sense as does the sight of the death of an incurable." --tr. via ''[[The Social Significance of the Modern Drama]]'' | ||
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| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *''[[Miss Julie]]'' | ||
| + | *[[French naturalism]] | ||
| + | *[[Literary manifesto]] | ||
| + | *[[The Experimental Novel]] | ||
| + | *[[Preface to the second edition of Thérèse Raquin]]. | ||
| + | * [[Naturalism (literature)]] | ||
| + | * [[French literature of the 19th century]] | ||
| + | * [[19th century literature]] | ||
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Two texts are usually attributed as being the Manifesto of Naturalism, the first is the "Preface to the second edition of Thérèse Raquin" (1867) and the second the essay "The Experimental Novel" (1880). Both are by Émile Zola. A third text of Zola, "Les Romanciers naturalistes" (1881), also defends Naturalism as genre, by tracing its precursors.
The preface to the 1888 play by August Strindberg, Miss Julie, is also sometimes labeled as a manifesto of Naturalism.
- "The fact that my tragedy makes a sad impression on many is the fault of the many. When we become strong, as were the first French revolutionaries, it will make an exclusively pleasant and cheerful impression to see the royal parks cleared of rotting, superannuated trees which have too long stood in the way of others with equal right to vegetate their full lifetime; it will make a good impression in the same sense as does the sight of the death of an incurable." --tr. via The Social Significance of the Modern Drama
[edit]
See also
- Miss Julie
- French naturalism
- Literary manifesto
- The Experimental Novel
- Preface to the second edition of Thérèse Raquin.
- Naturalism (literature)
- French literature of the 19th century
- 19th century literature
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