Nazi salute
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | "You had your choice between soaring to [[superhuman]] heights with [[Friedrich Nietzsche |Nietzsche]] and sinking into [[subhuman]] depths with [[Hitler]]. You shouted [[Nazi salute|Heil! Heil!]] and chose the subhuman." --''[[Listen, Little Man!]]'' (1945) by Wilhelm Reich | ||
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| + | [[Image:Oath of the Horatii.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[Oath of the Horatii]]'' (1784) by [[Jacques-Louis David]]]] | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | :''[[Roman salute]]'' | ||
| The '''Nazi salute''', or '''Hitler salute''' (Hitlergruß, literally Hitler Greeting or ''Deutscher Gruß'', German Greeting), was a [[gesture]] of greeting in [[Nazi Germany]] usually accompanied by saying, ''Heil Hitler!'' ["Hail Hitler!"], ''Heil, mein [[Führer]]'' ["Hail, my leader!"], or ''Sieg Heil!'' ["Hail victory!"]. Characteristic of a [[cult of personality]], it was adopted in the 1930s by the Nazi Party to signal obedience to the party's leader [[Adolf Hitler]] and to glorify the German nation and later the war effort. | The '''Nazi salute''', or '''Hitler salute''' (Hitlergruß, literally Hitler Greeting or ''Deutscher Gruß'', German Greeting), was a [[gesture]] of greeting in [[Nazi Germany]] usually accompanied by saying, ''Heil Hitler!'' ["Hail Hitler!"], ''Heil, mein [[Führer]]'' ["Hail, my leader!"], or ''Sieg Heil!'' ["Hail victory!"]. Characteristic of a [[cult of personality]], it was adopted in the 1930s by the Nazi Party to signal obedience to the party's leader [[Adolf Hitler]] and to glorify the German nation and later the war effort. | ||
| In 1923 the salute was gradually adopted by the Italian Fascist regime. It was made compulsory within the [[Nazi party]] in 1926, and adopted by the German state when the Nazis took power in 1933. It was also adopted by other [[fascist]] movements. | In 1923 the salute was gradually adopted by the Italian Fascist regime. It was made compulsory within the [[Nazi party]] in 1926, and adopted by the German state when the Nazis took power in 1933. It was also adopted by other [[fascist]] movements. | ||
| ==Origin== | ==Origin== | ||
| - | The salute gesture is widely believed to be based on an [[ancient Rome|ancient Roman]] custom. However, no surviving [[Roman art|Roman work of art]] depicts it, nor does any extant [[Roman literature|Roman text]] describe it. [[Jacques-Louis David]]'s painting ''[[Oath of the Horatii]]'' (1784) seems to be the starting point for the gesture that became known as the [[Roman salute]]. The gesture and its identification with [[Culture of ancient Rome|ancient Rome]] was advanced in other [[Neoclassicism|French neoclassic art]]. This was further elaborated upon in [[popular culture]] during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in plays and films that portrayed the salute as an ancient Roman custom. This included the [[silent film]] ''[[Cabiria]]'' (1914), whose screenplay was written by the Italian [[nationalism|ultra-nationalist]] [[Gabriele d'Annunzio]], arguably the forerunner of [[Benito Mussolini]]. In 1919, when he led the [[Italian Regency of Carnaro|occupation of Fiume]], d'Annunzio adopted the style of salute depicted in the film as a [[Neocolonialism|neo-Imperialist]] ritual; and it was quickly adopted by the [[Italian Fascist]] Party.<ref name="Falasca-Zamponi" /> | + | The extended arm saluting gesture is widely, and erroneously, believed to be based on an [[ancient Roman custom]], but no known [[Roman work of art]] depicts it, nor does any extant [[Roman text]] describe it. [[Jacques-Louis David]]'s painting ''[[Oath of the Horatii]]'' (1784) seems to be the starting point for the gesture that became known as the [[Roman salute]]. The gesture and its identification with [[Culture of ancient Rome|ancient Rome]] was advanced in other [[Neoclassicism|French neoclassic art]]. This was further elaborated upon in [[popular culture]] during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in plays and films that portrayed the salute as an ancient Roman custom. This included the [[silent film]] ''[[Cabiria]]'' (1914), whose screenplay was written by the Italian [[nationalism|ultra-nationalist]] [[Gabriele d'Annunzio]], arguably the forerunner of [[Benito Mussolini]]. |
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | *[[A lone man with his arms folded as hundreds around him perform salute at the launch of the Horst Wessel, 1936]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_salute#/media/File:August-Landmesser-Almanya-1936.jpg] | + | *[[Picture of people giving a Nazi salute, with an unidentified person (possibly August Landmesser or Gustav Wegert) refusing to do so ]] [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:August-Landmesser-Almanya-1936.jpg] |
| + | * ''[[Ave]]'' | ||
| + | * [[Bellamy salute]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Bras d'honneur]]'' | ||
| + | * [[Heil og sæl]] | ||
| + | * [[Quenelle (gesture)]] | ||
| + | * [[Raised fist]] | ||
| + | * [[Roman salute]] | ||
| + | * [[Zogist salute]] | ||
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| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Current revision
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"You had your choice between soaring to superhuman heights with Nietzsche and sinking into subhuman depths with Hitler. You shouted Heil! Heil! and chose the subhuman." --Listen, Little Man! (1945) by Wilhelm Reich |
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The Nazi salute, or Hitler salute (Hitlergruß, literally Hitler Greeting or Deutscher Gruß, German Greeting), was a gesture of greeting in Nazi Germany usually accompanied by saying, Heil Hitler! ["Hail Hitler!"], Heil, mein Führer ["Hail, my leader!"], or Sieg Heil! ["Hail victory!"]. Characteristic of a cult of personality, it was adopted in the 1930s by the Nazi Party to signal obedience to the party's leader Adolf Hitler and to glorify the German nation and later the war effort.
In 1923 the salute was gradually adopted by the Italian Fascist regime. It was made compulsory within the Nazi party in 1926, and adopted by the German state when the Nazis took power in 1933. It was also adopted by other fascist movements.
Origin
The extended arm saluting gesture is widely, and erroneously, believed to be based on an ancient Roman custom, but no known Roman work of art depicts it, nor does any extant Roman text describe it. Jacques-Louis David's painting Oath of the Horatii (1784) seems to be the starting point for the gesture that became known as the Roman salute. The gesture and its identification with ancient Rome was advanced in other French neoclassic art. This was further elaborated upon in popular culture during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in plays and films that portrayed the salute as an ancient Roman custom. This included the silent film Cabiria (1914), whose screenplay was written by the Italian ultra-nationalist Gabriele d'Annunzio, arguably the forerunner of Benito Mussolini.
See also
- Picture of people giving a Nazi salute, with an unidentified person (possibly August Landmesser or Gustav Wegert) refusing to do so [1]
- Ave
- Bellamy salute
- Bras d'honneur
- Heil og sæl
- Quenelle (gesture)
- Raised fist
- Roman salute
- Zogist salute
![[1]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:August-Landmesser-Almanya-1936.jpg){kind=link}