Physics
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| + | [[Image:The Great Wave off Kanagawa by Hokusai.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''[[The Great Wave off Kanagawa]]'' (1820s) by Hokusai]] | ||
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| + | "Monsieur [[Émile Bréhier |E. Bréhier]] (''[[Histoire de la Philosophie]]'', Paris, 1928, vol i, p. 42) says that the question '[[physics|What are things made of]]? ' is not [[Thales]]' question but [[Aristotle]]'s question."--''[[The Idea of Nature]]'' (1945) by Robin George Collingwood | ||
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| [[Image:Drawing by Étienne-Louis Boullée (1728 - 1799) .jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Cenotaph for Newton]]'' ([[1784]]) by French architect [[Étienne-Louis Boullée]]]] | [[Image:Drawing by Étienne-Louis Boullée (1728 - 1799) .jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Cenotaph for Newton]]'' ([[1784]]) by French architect [[Étienne-Louis Boullée]]]] | ||
| [[Image:Explosion.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Citation: "[[energy]] destroys us; it is we who pay the price of the [[inevitable]] [[explosion]]" --''[[The Accursed Share]]'', cited in ''[[Logics of Failed Revolt: French Theory After May '68]]'' by [[Peter Starr]]]] | [[Image:Explosion.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Citation: "[[energy]] destroys us; it is we who pay the price of the [[inevitable]] [[explosion]]" --''[[The Accursed Share]]'', cited in ''[[Logics of Failed Revolt: French Theory After May '68]]'' by [[Peter Starr]]]] | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | :''[[quantum mysticism]], [[wave–particle duality]], [[measurement problem]], [[Schrödinger's cat]]'' | ||
| '''Physics''' ([[Ancient Greek|Greek]]: (''[[phúsis]]''), "[[nature]]") is the branch of [[science]] concerned with the discovery and characterization of [[universal law]]s which govern [[matter]], [[energy]], [[space]], and [[time]]. The role of physics, then, is to provide a logically ordered picture of [[nature]] in agreement with experience. | '''Physics''' ([[Ancient Greek|Greek]]: (''[[phúsis]]''), "[[nature]]") is the branch of [[science]] concerned with the discovery and characterization of [[universal law]]s which govern [[matter]], [[energy]], [[space]], and [[time]]. The role of physics, then, is to provide a logically ordered picture of [[nature]] in agreement with experience. | ||
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| + | ==History== | ||
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| + | '''[[Natural philosophy]]''' has its origins in [[Greece]] during the [[Archaic Greece|Archaic period]], (650 BCE – 480 BCE), when [[Presocratics|Pre-Socratic philosophers]] like [[Thales]] rejected [[Methodological naturalism|non-naturalistic]] explanations for natural phenomena and proclaimed that every event had a natural cause. They proposed ideas verified by reason and observation and many of their hypotheses proved successful in experiment, for example [[atomism]]. | ||
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| + | '''[[Classical physics]]''' became a separate science when [[early modern Europe]]ans used these experimental and quantitative methods to discover what are now considered to be the [[laws of physics]]. [[Kepler]], [[Galileo]] and more specifically [[Isaac Newton|Newton]] discovered and unified the different laws of motion. During the industrial revolution, as energy needs increased, so did research, which led to the discovery of new laws in [[thermodynamics]], [[chemistry]] and [[electromagnetics]]. | ||
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| + | '''[[Modern physics]]''' started with the works of [[Max Planck]] in [[Quantum mechanics|quantum theory]] and [[Einstein]] in [[Theory of relativity|relativity]], and continued in [[quantum mechanics]] pioneered by [[Werner Heisenberg|Heisenberg]], [[Schrödinger]] and [[Paul Dirac]]. | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| ;General | ;General | ||
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| * [[Psychophysics]] | * [[Psychophysics]] | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| + | :''[[quantum mysticism]], [[wave–particle duality]], [[measurement problem]], [[Schrödinger's cat]]'' | ||
| *[[Metaphysics]] | *[[Metaphysics]] | ||
| *[[Cartoon physics]] | *[[Cartoon physics]] | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Current revision
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"Monsieur E. Bréhier (Histoire de la Philosophie, Paris, 1928, vol i, p. 42) says that the question 'What are things made of? ' is not Thales' question but Aristotle's question."--The Idea of Nature (1945) by Robin George Collingwood |
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Physics (Greek: (phúsis), "nature") is the branch of science concerned with the discovery and characterization of universal laws which govern matter, energy, space, and time. The role of physics, then, is to provide a logically ordered picture of nature in agreement with experience.
History
Natural philosophy has its origins in Greece during the Archaic period, (650 BCE – 480 BCE), when Pre-Socratic philosophers like Thales rejected non-naturalistic explanations for natural phenomena and proclaimed that every event had a natural cause. They proposed ideas verified by reason and observation and many of their hypotheses proved successful in experiment, for example atomism.
Classical physics became a separate science when early modern Europeans used these experimental and quantitative methods to discover what are now considered to be the laws of physics. Kepler, Galileo and more specifically Newton discovered and unified the different laws of motion. During the industrial revolution, as energy needs increased, so did research, which led to the discovery of new laws in thermodynamics, chemistry and electromagnetics.
Modern physics started with the works of Max Planck in quantum theory and Einstein in relativity, and continued in quantum mechanics pioneered by Heisenberg, Schrödinger and Paul Dirac.
See also
- General
- List of important publications in physics
- List of unsolved problems in physics
- 'Pataphysics
- Perfection in physics and chemistry
- Philosophy of physics
- Physics (Aristotle) – an early book on physics, which attempted to analyze and define motion from a philosophical point of view
- Timeline of fundamental physics discoveries
- Related fields
- Interdisciplinary fields incorporating physics
See also
