1857
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Year 1857was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar.
Contents |
Art and culture
Literature
In 1857, Gustave Flaubert gets in to legal trouble with the publication of Madame Bovary (1857). After a trial, he is acquitted. Charles Baudelaire publishes the poetry anthology Les Fleurs du mal (1857). He is less lucky than Flaubert, he is given a fine and some of the poems are banned by the French government. The French doctor Bénedict-Auguste Morel publishes a treatise on degeneracy titled Treatise on the Physical, Intellectual and Moral Degeneration of the Human Race (1857) and in the UK, book censorship is for the first time systematically enforced with the first Obscene Publications Act.
Eugène Sue's Les Mystères du peuple was also suppressed in toto by censor Ernest Pinard.
Naturalist Philip Henry Gosse's creationist text Omphalos: An Attempt to Untie the Geological Knot is published in England.
Visual art
- Purchase of a Slave by Jean-Léon Gérôme
- Klecksographie scrapbook by Justinus Kerner
- The Gleaners by Jean-François Millet
- Les Fleurs du mal by Baudelaire
Births
- January 4 – Émile Courtet, French caricaturist, animator (d. 1938)
- James Huneker (31 January 1857 – 9 February 1921), American critic.
- Theodor Kittelsen (1857 – 1914)
Deaths
