First descriptions of the excavations of the Herculaneum  

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 +"[[Le Antichità di Ercolano Esposte|Obscene trash]], citing Greek and Latin without mercy, calling ancient philosophers, poets, and historians, and what is stranger , saints and venerable fathers of the church, to their assistance, and puzzling through many a page for an illustration of what would be better consigned to oblivion, or left to such dilettanti, virtuosi, students, and professors, as pursue their studies in the [[purlieu]]s of [[Covent Garden]]."--[[Monthly Review (London)|''Monthly Review'']], 1775
 +<hr>
 +"By the [[1750s]] the [[Grand Tour]] was focused on the [[excavation]]s at the [[Herculaneum]] (from 1731) and [[Pompeii]] (from 1764). [[Charles Cochin]]'s ''[[Observations upon the Antiquities of the Town of Herculaneum]]'', an early report of the [[fresco]]es at Herculaneum, was unfavourable."--Sholem Stein
 +|}
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-[[First descriptions of the excavations of the Herculaneum]].+This page features a chronology of the first descriptions (some including engravings) of the [[excavations of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae]].
-En 1748, l'humaniste toscan [[Marcello Venuti]] publie la ''[[Descrizione delle prime scoperte della antica città d'Ercolano]]'' (''Description des premières découvertes de l'antique cité d'Herculanum''), que le Français [[Charles de Brosses]] présente en 1749 à l'[[Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres]] de Paris. ''[[Le Antichità di Ercolano]]'' (''Les Antiquités d’Herculanum'') de [[Francesco Valleta]], publiées en 1757 sous le patronage de [[Charles III]], exposent enfin aux amateurs impatients des copies des peintures, sous forme de gravures, que l'ambassadeur de France à Naples communique au directeur de l'[[Académie de France à Rome]], puis à Paris. Les pensionnaires furent autorisés à aller à Naples, s'imprégner d'art antique et en rapporter l'inspiration pour leurs futures réalisations. D'autres amateurs passionnés comme l'Allemand [[Johann Joachim Winckelmann|Winckelmann]] visitent aussi les fouilles et les collections du musée des Bourbons. Winckelmann par ses publications et son enthousiasme impulse le mouvement [[Néoclassicisme|néoclassique]]. En France même, les premières et rares informations sur les découvertes ne suscitent guère d'écho. L'Académie des inscriptions se concentre sur les monnaies antiques, les gens de lettres ne prennent en considération que les textes anciens, et comme [[Pline le Jeune]] n'a pas fait mention d'une Herculanum dans son récit de l'éruption du Vésuve, l'indifférence persiste plusieurs années en dépit de l'intérêt manifesté par de Brosse ou par [[Anne-Claude de Tubières, comte de Caylus|comte de Caylus]]<ref>Chantal Grell, Christian Michel, ''Erudits, hommes de lettres et artistes en France au XVIIIe siècle face aux découvertes d'Herculanum'', dans ''Ercolano 1738-1988: 250 anni di ricerca archeologica'' (voir Bibliographie), pp 133 et suivantes</ref>. Malgré ce dédain pour les « antiquaires », l'[[Encyclopédie]] produit en 1758 un article enthousiaste de quatre pages sur Herculanum ([[Louis de Jaucourt]], ''Herculanum'', L'Encyclopédie, tome VIII, pp [[:s:Page:Diderot_-_Encyclopedie_1ere_edition_tome_8.djvu/152|150]] - [[:s:Page:Diderot_-_Encyclopedie_1ere_edition_tome_8.djvu/156|154]]).+==Earliest descriptions==
 +*News of the memorable discovery of the ancient city of Herculaneum near Naples ([[Notizie del memorabile scoprimento dell'antica città di Ercolano vicina a Napoli]]) by [[Anton Francesco Gori]] (1748)
-L'inspiration néoclassique se diffuse en Europe, et de façon plus limitée en France dans la mode à l'antique et l'art de la décoration. À la fin du {{XVIIIe siècle}}, les motifs propres à Herculanum font leur apparition sur l'ameublement, les tapisseries, les tables et les tasses à thé.+*Description of the first discoveries of the ancient city of Herculaneum found near Portici (Descrizione delle prime scoperte dell'antica città di Ercolano ritrovata vicino a Portici) by [[Marcello Venuti]] was published by [[Lorenzo Baseggio]] in Venice in 1749
 +*Memoirs concerning Herculaneum, the subterranean city, lately discovered at the foot of Mount Vesuvius by [[William Fordyce]] (1750)
 +*Letters on the pictures of Herculaneum (Lettres sur les peintures d'Herculaneum) and ''[[Observations upon the Antiquities of the Town of Herculaneum]]'' (Observations), both by [[Charles Nicolas Cochin]], were published by Jombert in Paris, respectively in 1751 and 1754
 +*[[Collection of Egyptian, Etruscan, Greek and Roman Antiquities]] ([[Recueil d'antiquités égyptiennes, étrusques, grecques et romaines]]) by [[Anne Claude Philippe, count of Caylus]], was published in Paris between 1752 and 1767.
 +
 +*''[[Le Antichità di Ercolano]]'' (''Les Antiquités d’Herculanum'') de [[Francesco Valleta]], publiées en 1757 sous le patronage de [[Charles III]], exposent enfin aux amateurs impatients des copies des peintures, sous forme de gravures, que l'ambassadeur de France à Naples communique au directeur de l'[[Académie de France à Rome]], puis à Paris.
 +
 +*l'[[Encyclopédie]] produit en 1758 un article enthousiaste de quatre pages sur Herculanum ([[Louis de Jaucourt]], ''Herculanum'', L'Encyclopédie, tome VIII, pp [[:s:Page:Diderot_-_Encyclopedie_1ere_edition_tome_8.djvu/152|150]] - [[:s:Page:Diderot_-_Encyclopedie_1ere_edition_tome_8.djvu/156|154]]).
 +
 +*[[Les Antiquités d'Herculaneum, ou les plus belles Peintures antiques, et les Marbes, Bronzes, Meubles, etc. etc. Trouvés dans les excavations d'Herculaneum, Stabia et Pompeia, avec leurs explications en françois]]. 9 vols. Paris, 1780. Text by Pierre Sylvain Maréchal, engravings by Francois-Anne David
 +
 +*''[[Pompeianarum antiquitatum historia]]'' (1862) is a book by Giuseppe Fiorelli
 +
 +*''[[Herculanum et Pompéi : recueil général des peintures, bronzes, mosaïques]]'' (1875-77)
 +==See also==
 +*[[Discovery of Pompeii]]
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"Obscene trash, citing Greek and Latin without mercy, calling ancient philosophers, poets, and historians, and what is stranger , saints and venerable fathers of the church, to their assistance, and puzzling through many a page for an illustration of what would be better consigned to oblivion, or left to such dilettanti, virtuosi, students, and professors, as pursue their studies in the purlieus of Covent Garden."--Monthly Review, 1775


"By the 1750s the Grand Tour was focused on the excavations at the Herculaneum (from 1731) and Pompeii (from 1764). Charles Cochin's Observations upon the Antiquities of the Town of Herculaneum, an early report of the frescoes at Herculaneum, was unfavourable."--Sholem Stein

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This page features a chronology of the first descriptions (some including engravings) of the excavations of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae.

Earliest descriptions

  • Description of the first discoveries of the ancient city of Herculaneum found near Portici (Descrizione delle prime scoperte dell'antica città di Ercolano ritrovata vicino a Portici) by Marcello Venuti was published by Lorenzo Baseggio in Venice in 1749
  • Memoirs concerning Herculaneum, the subterranean city, lately discovered at the foot of Mount Vesuvius by William Fordyce (1750)
  • Letters on the pictures of Herculaneum (Lettres sur les peintures d'Herculaneum) and Observations upon the Antiquities of the Town of Herculaneum (Observations), both by Charles Nicolas Cochin, were published by Jombert in Paris, respectively in 1751 and 1754

See also




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